# Chairman Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Instruction


CJCSI 3112.01B
DISTRIBUTION:  A, B, C, S
2 November 2012

# J-8



## Joint Biological Warfare Defense Capabilities


References:
See Enclosure D. 1.  Purpose.  This instruction provides military guidance for planning and integrating joint biological warfare defense capabilities. 2.  Cancellation.  CJCSI 3112.01A, 9 February 2010, is hereby canceled. 3.  Applicability.  Consistent with the applicable guidance of the Secretary of Defense, this instruction applies to the Military Departments/Services, the Combatant Commands, Department of Defense agencies, and the Joint Staff. 4.  Policy.  It is DoD policy that the Department of Defense shall be in full compliance with the provisions of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, reference a, to which the United States is a party.  The Secretary of Defense carries out these responsibilities through a coordinated U.S. Chemical and Biological Defense Program (CBDP) to meet, within the constraints of resources available, the highest priority requirements of the Joint Force for biological warfare defense in accordance with references b and c. 5.  Definitions.  See Glossary. 6.  Responsibilities.  See Enclosure B. 7.  Summary of Changes.  Updates the responsibilities of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs [ASD(HA)] and the Joint Staff to reflect changes in policy on biological warfare defense as specified in references i and r. 8.  Releasability.  This instruction is approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.  DoD components (to include the Combatant Commands), other Federal agencies, and the public may obtain copies of this instruction through the Internet from the CJCS Directives Home Page--http:/ jwww.dtic.mil/
cjcs_directives.

9. Effective Date. This instruction is effective upon receipt.

For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff:

~~ir~~
N. W. TYSON
RADM, US
Vice Directo , J"oint Staff

Enclosures:
A-- Joint Biological Warfare Defense Capabilities
B -- Responsibilities
C -- Capabilities Integration
D -- References
GL -- Glossary

## Distribution

 Distribution A, B, and C plus the following:

Copies

 Secretary of Defense  ........ 2 USD(AT&L)  ........ 2 USD(P) ........ 2 USD(P&R) ........ 2
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## Enclosure A Joint Biological Warfare Defense Capabilities

 1.  Purpose.  A demonstrated military capability to defend against biological weapons strengthens our forward military presence in regions vital to U.S. security, promotes deterrence, and provides reassurance to our critical friends and allies.  This instruction provides broad guidance describing how DoD agencies, unified Combatant Commands, and Services should plan, integrate, provide, and sustain biological warfare defense in support of the Joint Force. This instruction also supports existing directives, policy, and national strategies by identifying links to additional biological threats (naturally occurring or intentionally introduced biological agents, and emerging infectious diseases).  References d, e, and f are applicable to the biothreat discussed in this instruction. 2.  Biological Warfare Threat a.  Biological agents are pathogens or toxins capable of causing disease in humans, animals, and agriculture.  Pathogens are microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses, or fungi) that directly attack human, plant, or animal tissues and affect their biological processes.  Toxins are poisonous substances that are produced naturally (by bacteria, plants, fungi, snakes, insects, and other living organisms) or synthetically.

b.  Biological warfare is the employment of biological agents with the intent to cause disease, casualties, or damage.  A biological weapon is an item or materiel which projects, disperses, or disseminates a biological agent, including arthropod vectors.  Weaponized biological agents may pose a threat because: small doses of biological agents can produce lethal or incapacitating effects over an extensive area; they are difficult to detect in a timely manner; they are easy to conceal; they can be covertly deployed; and the variety of potential biological agents significantly complicates effective preventative or protective treatment.  These factors, combined with often ambiguous employment signatures; delayed onset of symptoms; difficulties with detection, identification, and verification; persistence; communicability of some agents; and remediation can confer important advantages to adversaries who use biological warfare.

c.  Use of biological warfare by the adversary presents asymmetric challenges to the Joint Force commander.  These challenges are low in probability, yet they have high consequence.  Intelligence sources have identified numerous countries having active or presumed biological warfare programs.  Although several of these countries are signatories to conventions banning biological warfare, some continue to develop, test, and evaluate biological warfare agents and the means to disseminate them.  The spread of these weapons (and the industrial capability for manufacture) to developing nations and transnational terrorist organizations, coupled with the potential for U.S. presence in these areas in an operational or support capacity, increases the probability that Joint Forces may encounter biological hazards.

d.  The biological threat spectrum can be framed as:

(1) Traditional pathogens or toxins (e.g. Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis).


(2) Pathogens or toxins enhanced by modification or selection for greater harm or resistance to countermeasures (e.g. a bacterium that has been modified to resist antibiotic treatment).


(3) Pathogens emerging naturally to become serious health threats (e.g.

the virus responsible for Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome (SARS).


(4) Advanced pathogens or other biological materials artificially engineered for greater harm or resistance to countermeasures (reference g).

e.  References h and i address public health preparedness.  Reference i defines a biological public health emergency within the Department of Defense as an occurrence or imminent threat of an illness or health condition that may be caused by any one of the following:

(1)  Naturally occurring or intentionally introduced biological incident.


(2)  The appearance of a novel, previously controlled, or eradicated infections agent or biological toxin.


(3) Zoonotic disease. 3.  Joint Biological Warfare Defense Activities a.  To enhance biological defense, key efforts include detecting biological weapons attacks, understanding effects of biological agents within the operating environment, protecting personnel, and rendering biologically contaminated material to an acceptable health risk level.  Enhancing international partnerships; creating new drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic tests; developing improved personal protective equipment; and enabling research, development, and manufacture of effective biological warfare defense capabilities are fundamental to improved defense.  Strong response and recovery capabilities from a biological warfare attack against the Joint Force are also critical.  Integration of existing biological warfare defense capabilities and development of new capabilities against emerging infectious disease strengthens the Department's efforts in countering biological warfare.

b.  The Joint Global Warning Enterprise (JGWE), activated on 1 January
2009 (reference j), provides an inclusive, visible, and unified means to provide information to policy makers, planners and operators to assist in shaping strategic outcomes.  The JGWE supports combating weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and counter-proliferation issues by leveraging WMD subject-matter experts through regional strategic country communities of interest and as a panel member of the intelligence community's WMD Threat Working Group.  Additionally, the JGWE provides WMD strategic warning to address risk factors and counter-proliferation issues.

c.  In 2008, the Department of Defense and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) signed a memorandum of agreement (MOA) (reference k) to collaboratively research and develop chemical and biological defense equipment.  The Department of Defense and DHS cooperate on chemical and biological initiatives to maximize complementary Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E) and acquisition efforts minimize duplicative efforts, and enhance technical cooperation.  The Department of Defense encourages efforts to exchange information and identify program and project needs, requirements, and overlapping interests in biological warfare defense.  The Department of Defense conducts research and provides data, reports, and other documents in collaboration with DHS to improve national defense capabilities against biological warfare attacks within the constraints of the MOA.  Continued science and technology enhancements with DHS and additional government partners, including the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Energy, the Department of State, and other public and private organizations, are essential.

d.  Reference b assigned organizational roles and responsibilities within the CBDP.  The CBDP develops and acquires a family of interoperable chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) defense capabilities that protect the Joint Force and enable the military to operate successfully in chemically, biologically, and radiologically contaminated environments.  As such, the CBDP is responsible for improving and integrating joint biological warfare defense capabilities.  The J-8 Joint Requirements Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense (JRO-CBRND), as a Chairman's controlled activity, executes Joint Staff responsibilities within the CBDP.


(1)  To carry out assigned responsibilities and enhance joint biological defense capabilities, the JRO-CBRND:


(a)  Leads development of the CBDP program objective memorandum (POM).



(b)  Chairs the Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction (CWMD)
Working Group to address CWMD issues within the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) process for the Joint Force (reference l).  The CWMD Working Group supports the Protection Functional Capabilities Board (FCB) (reference m).



(c)  Leads Integrated Concept Teams to develop material and nonmaterial Warfighter solution capabilities documents.



(d)  Directs the Joint Combat Developer for Experimentation (JCDE)
for CBRN Defense (CBRND).  The JCDE-CBRND coordinates and oversees execution of Joint and multi-Service experiments to validate joint concepts for CBRN defense.



(e)  In coordination with the Deputy Under Secretary of the Army, Test and Evaluation (DUSA-TE), provides oversight to the Joint Threat Support Branch for Chemical and Biological Defense to provide system threat assessments for joint CBRN defense equipment and develop Joint Threat Test Support Packages for programs within the CBDP.


(2)  The JRO-CBRND works in cooperation with the Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (JSTO-CBD), the Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (JPEO-CBD), DUSA-TE, and the Office of the Secretary of Defense Program Analysis and Integration Office (PAIO) CBRN Defense.



(a)  JSTO-CBD manages DoD CBDP science and technology efforts, CBDP advanced technology demonstrations, and joint capability technology demonstrations as assigned by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (USD(AT&L)).



(b)  JPEO-CBD is the Joint Service Materiel Developer and oversees total life-cycle acquisition management for assigned CBRND programs.



(c)  DUSA-TE oversees test and evaluation (T&E) infrastructure, policy, and planning for CBRND programs, and approves T&E Strategies, Test and Evaluation Master Plans, and test plans for OSD T&E Oversight programs. DUSA-TE advises senior leadership regarding operational relevance of testing, threat portrayal, requirements, and program planning; and designates a Lead Operational Test Agency to execute T&E events.



(d)  PAIO CBRN Defense provides independent analysis, review, and integration of CBDP functions and supports development of the CBDP POM.

## Enclosure B Responsibilities

 1.  Services.  Pursuant to reference n, the Services shall:
a.  Be responsible for the manning, training, readiness, and sustainment of their respective forces for biological warfare defense.

b.  Validate operational concepts and develop Military Service-sponsored biological warfare defense capabilities documentation consistent with the JCIDS process.

c.  Support development of Military Service annexes to joint capability documents that address biological warfare defense as appropriate.

d.  Provide Service laboratory capabilities to support biological defense research as required.

e.  Participate in the validation and prioritization of biological warfare defense as required.

2.  Army.  Pursuant to references b, c, and n, the Army shall:
a.  Serve as the DoD Executive Agent for the CBDP.

b.  Establish a JPEO-CBD, reporting through the Army Acquisition Executive to the Defense Acquisition Executive, to serve as the Joint Service Materiel Developer and oversee total life-cycle acquisition management for assigned CBRN defense programs.

c.  Establish a JCDE for CBRND under the direction and supervision of the Director of the Joint Staff/J-8 JRO-CBRND.

d.  Designate a CBDP T&E Executive to ensure adequacy of T&E programs and infrastructure.

e.  Provide support and operational direction to the directory, Joint CBRND
PAIO.

3.  Combatant Commanders a.  All Combatant Commanders.  Coordinate biological warfare defense capabilities and emerging infectious disease preparedness and response activities in existing plans for assigned forces.  Participate in the validation and prioritization of biological warfare threats as required.  Coordinate with the Joint Staff/J8 to identify, assess, and prioritize joint biological warfare defense military capability needs.

b.  USSTRATCOM.  Serve as the primary Combatant Command for synchronizing DoD CWMD planning efforts and advocating for DoD biological warfare defense capabilities.

c.  USSOCOM.  Pursuant to reference n, organize, train, equip, and otherwise prepare assigned forces for biological warfare defense in accordance with Service responsibilities below.

d.  USNORTHCOM.  Serve as the primary Combatant Command for the synchronized planning of the pandemic influenza and infectious disease mission (reference o). 4.  Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs a.  The ASD(HA), under the authority, direction, and control of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness (USD(P&R)), shall oversee the policy, program planning, execution, and allocation of the use of public health resources for activities within the Department of Defense related to public health emergencies (reference i)
b.  Pursuant to reference p, research, development, and acquisition of emerging infectious disease will be conducted in coordination with the Chemical and Biological Defense Program. 5.  Director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA).  Pursuant to references b and q, the Director, DTRA, under the authority, direction, and control of the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs (ATSD(NCB)), shall:
a.  Establish a Joint Science and Technology Office for CBD to manage DoD
CBDP Science and Technology (S&T) efforts in coordination with the Service laboratories, to include efforts with industry, academia, and other government agencies and laboratories.

b.  Develop, coordinate, and transition CBDP S&T medical and physical sciences technologies and associated CBDP T&E technologies in response to validated and approved joint military capability needs.

c.  Preserve core scientific and technology capabilities within the Military Service laboratories that are necessary for conducting core CBDP RDT&E activities. 6.  Director for Intelligence (J-2)
a.  In consultation with the Combatant Commanders, the Secretaries of the Military Departments, and the Director, DIA, annually and as required validate and prioritize biological warfare threats for the Chairman, IAW reference r.

b.  Collaborate with appropriate Joint Staff elements on biological threat
defense operational readiness (J-3 Lead), risk assessment (J-5 Lead), policy issues (J-5 Lead), and capability development (J-8 Lead).

c.  Assess the overall effectiveness of the DoD's intelligence collection efforts dedicated to detecting the development or use of biological weapons by state, non-state, or rogue actors.  Develops recommendations and a coordinated action plan to close the gaps identified. 7.  Director for Operations (J-3)
a.  Serve as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff's office of primary responsibility for biological warfare defense operations and planning.

b.  Collaborate with appropriate Joint Staff elements on biological warfare defense risk assessment (J-5 Lead), logistics and sustainment (J-4 Lead), policy issues (J-5 Lead), and capability development (J-8 Lead).

c.  Coordinate with the National Security Staff (NSS), interagency, OSD, Joint Staff, military departments, and Combatant Commands on biological threat and/or incident notification and reporting processes and procedures. Serve as the communications hub for the transmission of biothreat information of national security and operational importance throughout the Department of Defense.

d.  Respond to interagency requests for DoD support for significant biological-related incidents that occur CONUS and OCONUS by providing military advice to the Chairman and development and promulgation of orders for DoD biological incident response.



e.  Monitor daily biological operations, threats, and incidents and formulate, coordinate, and review operational plans, courses of action, and decision briefings for biological incidents for consideration by the Joint Staff, Chairman, Secretary of Defense, NSS, and the President.

f. Provides the Joint Staff, Chairman, and Combatant Commands with technical advice and strategic operational recommendations on biothreats and biological response operations, plans, policies, and interagency bio-related issues. 8.  Director for Logistics (J-4)
a.  Develop, coordinate, and issue detailed military logistics and sustainment for biological warfare defense and CWMD.

b.  Collaborate with appropriate Joint Staff elements on biological warfare defense operational readiness, risk assessment, logistics and sustainment, and policy issues. 9.  Joint Staff Surgeon.  Serve as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff's office of primary responsibility for health services for biological warfare defense. 10.  Director for Strategic Plans and Policy (J-5)
a.  Develop, coordinate, and issue detailed military strategy, risk assessments, and policy issues for biological warfare defense and CWMD.

b.  Collaborate with appropriate Joint Staff elements on biological warfare defense operational readiness (J-3 Lead), logistics and sustainment (J-4 Lead), and capability development (J-8 Lead). 11.  Director for Command, Control, Communications, and Computers/Cyber (J-6).  Collaborate with appropriate Joint Staff elements on biological warfare defense operational readiness (J-3 Lead), risk assessment (J-5), data and information sharing requirements, policy issues (J-5), and capability development (J-8 Lead). 12.  Director for Joint Force Development (J-7)
a.  Support and facilitate the development of multi-Service and joint biological warfare doctrine, tactics, techniques, and procedures; training and leader development and education; and exercises.

b.  Collaborate with appropriate Joint Staff elements on biological warfare defense operational readiness (J-3 Lead), risk assessment (J-5 Lead), logistics and sustainment (J-4 Lead), policy issues (J-5 Lead), and capability development (J-8 Lead). 13.  Director for Force Structure, Resources, and Assessment Directorate (J-8)


a.  Advise the Chairman in identifying, assessing, and prioritizing joint biological warfare defense military capability needs.

b.  Plan, coordinate, and approve joint biological warfare defense operational requirements (medical and non-medical), and joint operational concepts and architecture for passive defense, consequence management, foreign consequence management, force protection, and homeland security though the FCB process for JCIDS and non-JCIDS activities.

c.  Through the Director of the JRO-CBRND, serve as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff's focal point for all biological warfare defense issues associated with CWMD missions.

d.  Pursuant to reference n, support the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in advising and making recommendations to the Secretary of Defense regarding Combatant Commander biological warfare defense operational capabilities requirements.

e.  Coordinate and integrate requirements and capability needs for all DOD
biological warfare defense programs, ensuring that military Service and Combatant Command capability needs are developed and approved in a prompt and efficient manner.

f.  Develop and maintain appropriate biological warfare defense Joint Concepts and Architectures and integrate biological warfare defense capabilities in the Modernization Plan for CBRN Defense (reference s).

g.  Ensure integration of biological warfare defense capabilities in the CBDP
POM strategy according to reference t.

h.  Provide guidance on research, development, acquisition, and demonstration activities associated with the biological warfare defense activities of the Services, Combatant Commands, and relevant Defense agencies to ensure efforts are consistent with established priorities.

i.  Collaborate with appropriate Joint Staff elements on biological warfare defense operational readiness (J-3 Lead), risk assessment (J-5 Lead), logistics and sustainment (J-4 Lead), and policy issues (J-5 Lead).



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## Enclosure C Capabilities Integration

1.  Implementation of the "National Military Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction."  This guidance (reference u) for capabilities integration is organized under four operational elements:  Sense, Shape, Shield, and Sustain. These four operational elements are not listed in any priority; they may be executed simultaneously, sequentially, or individually to maintain mission capability.  The integration and alignment of the four operational elements and CBRN defense capabilities to the eight combating WMD mission areas supports the implementation of a national military strategy for biological warfare defense by enabling development of an effective layered defense against biological weapons attacks.

a.  Sense.  Sense entails activities that provide CBRN threat and hazard information and intelligence to support the common operational picture. CBRN Sense is intended to continually provide critical information about potential or actual CBRN hazards in a timely manner through early detection, identification, and determination of the scope of hazards in all physical states and environmental areas (air, water, land), as well as on personnel or equipment, or in facilities.  Biological Sense capabilities should provide the ability to identify the biological warfare agents encountered and in conjunction with Shape capabilities may provide the possible origin of agents encountered. The differentiation of native endemic disease from purposeful dissemination of biological warfare agents by a potential adversary is a key determinant of doctrinal and strategic response or mitigation.

b.  Shape.  Shape is the command and control activity that integrates the Sense, Shield, and Sustain operational elements to characterize CBRN hazards and threats and employ necessary capabilities to counter their effects.  This facilitates transformation of CBRN information and capabilities into situational awareness and response, which is essential for establishing viable active and passive defense measures.  This allows the Joint Force commander to make informed use of CBRN information and defensive capabilities for future operations:  to plan, conduct, and integrate CBRN defense with other defenses; to optimize the capability to operate in the CBRN environment; and to minimize negative psychological effects.  For Joint biological warfare defense, Shape minimizes vulnerabilities to biological warfare agents by influencing U.S., allied, and opponent capabilities.

c.  Shield.  Shield consists of individual and collective protection measures essential to mitigate the effects of CBRN hazards.  Protecting the force from CBRN hazards may include hardening systems and facilities, preventing or reducing individual and collective exposures, and applying medical prophylaxes.  Additional considerations may include designated nonmilitary personnel as defined and designated by strategic and national authorities.

d.  Sustain.  Sustain consists of the contamination mitigation, logistic, and medical activities to restore combat power and continue operations.  Mitigation includes planning, initiating, and continuing operations despite threats from CBRN agents through the conduct of contamination control, and use of appropriate medical countermeasures that additionally enable the quick restoration of operational capability; maintaining and recovering essential functions and assets; and facilitating the return to pre-incident operational capability as soon as possible. 2.  Applicability of Operational Elements.  The Sense, Shape, Shield, and Sustain operational elements are uniquely defined for CBRN defense capabilities.  Each has specific applicability to provide guidance for Joint Force biological warfare defense.

## Enclosure D References


a.  Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, "Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction."  Signed 10 April 1972; enforced 26 March 1975
b.  DoDD 5160.05E, 9 October 2008, "Roles and Responsibilities Associated with the Chemical and Biological Defense (CBD) Program (CBDP)"
c.  USD(AT&L) memorandum, as amended through 1 October 2007,
"Implementation Plan for the Management of the Chemical Biological Defense Program"
d.  National Security Council, November 2009, "National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats"
e.  National Strategy for Biosurveillance, 31 July 2012
f.  Defense Intelligence Agency, October 2009, "Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Warfare Capstone Threat Assessment"
g.  Homeland Security Presidential Directive-18 (HSPD-18), 7 February
2007, "Medical Countermeasures against Weapons of Mass Destruction"
h.  Homeland Security Presidential Directive-21 (HSPD-21),  18 October
2007, "Public Health and Medical Preparedness"
i. DoDI 6200.03, June 1, 2012, "Public Health Emergency Management within the DOD"
j.  Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 15 January 2009, "Activation of the Joint Global Warning Enterprise"
k.  "Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) on Areas of Cooperation in Chemical-Biological (CB) Defense," 12 December 2008
l.  CJCSI 3170.01 series, "Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System"
m.  CJCSI 3137.01 series, "The Functional Capabilities Board Process"

n.  Title 10, United States Code, sections 113, 125, 133, 142, 163, and 167
o. CJCSI 3110.01 series, "Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan"
p.  Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Defense Programs memorandum, 26 October 2009, "Including Emerging Infectious Disease into the Biodefense Mission Set"
q.  DoDD 5105.62, 28 November 2005, "Defense Threat Reduction Agency"

r.  DoDD 6205.3, 26 November 2003, "DOD Immunization Program for Biological Warfare Defense"
s.  Joint Requirements Office for CBRN Defense, 5 January 2012,
"Modernization Plan for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Defense"
t.  Joint Staff memorandum, 6 December 2011, "Chemical Biological Defense Program (CBDP) Fiscal Year 2014-2018 (FY14-18) Program Review Instructions"

u.  Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 13 February 2006, "The National Military Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction"

## Glossary Part I -- Acronyms

 CBDP
Chemical and Biological Defense Program
CBRN
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
CBRND
chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear defense


CCDR
Combatant Commander
CCMD
Combatant Command
CWMD
Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction
DHS
Department of Homeland Security
DOD
Department of Defense
DODD
Department of Defense Directive
DTRA
Defense Threat Reduction Agency
DUSA-TE
Deputy Under Secretary of the Army, Test and Evaluation


FCB
Functional Capabilities Board


JCDE
Joint Combat Developer for Experimentation
JCIDS
Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System
JGWE
Joint Global Warning Enterprise
JPEO-CBD
Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense
JRO-CBRND Joint Requirements Office for Chemical Biological
Radiological and Nuclear Defense
JSTO-CBD
Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense
MOA
memorandum of agreement
PAIO
Program Analysis and Integration Office
POM
program objective memorandum


RDT&E
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation


S&T
Science and Technology


USD(AT&L)
Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics


WMD
weapons of mass destruction


## Glossary Part Ii - Definitions*


Active defense.  The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy. (JP 1-02) Biological agent.  A microorganism that causes disease in personnel, plants, or animals or causes deterioration of materiel.  (JP 3-11) Biological warfare.  Employment of biological agents to produce casualties in personnel or animals, or damage to plants or materiel; or defense against such employment.  (JP 3-11) Biological weapon.  A biological weapon is an item or materiel which projects, disperses, or disseminates a biological agent including arthropod vectors. (JP 3-11) Biosurveillance.  The process of active data-gathering with appropriate analysis and interpretation of biosphere data that might relate to disease activity and threats to human or animal healthwhether infectious, toxic, metabolic, or otherwise, and regardless of intentional or natural originin order to achieve early warning of health threats, early detection of health events, and overall situational awareness of disease activity. (HSPD-21) Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Protection.  Measures that are taken to keep chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards from having an adverse effect on personnel, equipment, or critical assets and facilities.  Also called CBRN protection. (JP 3-11) Collective protection.  The protection provided to a group of individuals which permits relaxation of individual chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear protection. (JP 3-11)
Consequence management.  Actions taken to maintain or restore essential services, and manage and mitigate problems resulting from disasters and catastrophes, including natural, manmade, or terrorist incidents. (JP 3-41) Contamination avoidance.  Individual and/or unit measures taken to reduce the effects of CBRN hazards. (JP 3-11) Contamination mitigation.  The mitigation of contamination to include decontamination operations and CBRN consequence management. (JP 3-11) Detection.  In CBRN environments, the act of locating CBRN hazards by use of CBRN detectors or monitoring and/or survey teams. (JP 3-11) Foreign consequence management.  (DOD) United States Government activity that assists friends and allies in responding to the effects from an intentional or accidental chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident on foreign territory in order to maximize preservation of life.  Also called FCM. (JP 3-41) Passive defense.  Measures taken to reduce the probability of and to minimize the effects of damage caused by hostile action without the intention of taking the initiative. (JP 1-02) Surveillance.  The systematic observation of aerospace, surface, or subsurface areas, places, persons, or things by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. (JP 3-0)

Weapon of mass destruction (WMD).  CBRN weapons capable of a high order of destruction or causing mass casualties and exclude the means of transporting or propelling the weapon where such means is a separable and divisible part from the weapon.  Also called WMD. (JP 3-40) * It is understood within this instruction that the focus is on "biological" for definitions referring to CBRN or CBRNE.



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