# Dod Dictionary Of Military And Associated Terms

## Preface 1.  Scope

As directed in Joint Publication (JP) 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, the *DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms* [Short title: DOD Dictionary] sets forth standard US military and associated terminology to encompass the joint activity of the Armed Forces of the United States.  These military and associated terms, together with their definitions, constitute approved Department of Defense (DOD)
terminology for general use by all DOD components.

## 2.  Purpose

This document supplements standard English-language dictionaries and standardizes military and associated terminology to improve communication and mutual understanding within DOD with other US Government departments and agencies and among the United States and its allies.

## 3.  Application

This document applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Services, the Joint Staff (JS), combatant commands, DOD agencies, and all other DOD components.  It is the primary terminology source when preparing correspondence, to include policy, strategy, doctrine, and planning documents.  Criteria for inclusion of terminology in the DOD Dictionary is enumerated in Department of Defense Instruction (DODI) 5025.12, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology.

## 4.   Format

The primary parts of the DOD Dictionary are:

a.  Explanatory notes. b.  Terms and definitions. c.  Shortened word forms (abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms). d.  Summary of changes.

## 5.  Dod Dictionary Online Availability And Update Schedule

Joint Staff, J-7, does not print copies of the DOD Dictionary.  The DOD Dictionary is accessible online in PDF format on the JEL [Joint Electronic Library] (Internet) at http://www.jcs.mil/Doctrine/DOD-Terminology/ and as a searchable database and PDF on the JEL+ [Joint Electronic Library Plus] on NIPRNET [Non-classified Internet Protocol Router Network] at https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/ (common access card required) and SIPRNET [SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network] https://jdeis.js.smil.mil/jdeis/index.jsp.  The contents of the DOD Dictionary are updated as necessary, to include terminology additions, modifications, or deletions, in accordance with CJCSI 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology.

## 6.  Terminology Repository For Dod (Office Of The Secretary Of Defense/Joint Staff) Issuances

This document is supplemented by the Terminology Repository for DOD (Office of the Secretary of Defense [OSD]/JS) Issuances (Terminology Repository) (For Official Use Only). Over the last 65 years, specific and technical DOD terms and definitions established in senior policy document glossaries reside outside of the DOD Dictionary and not subject to joint doctrine terminology criteria for general and universal usage listed in CJCSI 5705.01.  The 25,000+ policy term Terminology Repository provides awareness on those specific or descriptive terms in defense documents (policy, strategy, planning, doctrine, etc.) that support the foundation of the 2,500+ doctrine term DOD Dictionary.  Its creation is the primary step in deconflicting terminology nuances within organizational documents that may impact joint doctrine.

## 7.  Department Of Defense Term And Definition Approach

After consulting DODI 5025.12, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, and CJCSI 5705.01 for term and definition criteria, proponents of new or existing terms will first review the DOD Dictionary and then access the Terminology Repository before defaulting to commonly used, English-language dictionaries in creating new  DOD  terms  and  definitions.  The repository is common access card-enabled and located at http://www.jcs.mil/Doctrine/DOD-Terminology-Program/.

## 8.  Citation


Per JP 1, and for reference purposes in official DOD materials, this document will be listed as: Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, "DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms," as amended.  For all other documentation, this will be cited as:
Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, (Washington DC: The Joint Staff, date), page # if necessary.

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## Explanatory Notes 1.  Updates And Terminology Actions


a.  Per guidance in CJCSI 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, **terminology actions** for the DOD Dictionary (additions; modifications; revalidations, to include those parts of a JP or issuance/directive policy revision process; or **deletions)** are supported using one of the following five methods:



(1)  DOD terminology proposed from JPs;


(2)  DOD terminology directed by the Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary
of Defense, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) via specific memorandum;


(3)  DOD terminology proposed from DOD (Office of the Secretary of Defense
[OSD] and CJCS) issuances;

(4)  Terminology in Allied Administrative Publication-6, NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions (English and French), (reference i) and "NATOTerm," the official NATO Terminology Database, may be proposed for inclusion in the DOD Dictionary with the appropriate DOD issuance or JP as the source document; and/or



(5)  Approved administrative changes/updates by the DOD Terminologist.

b.  Per guidance in CJCSI 5705.01, any DOD Dictionary term and definition, where the identified proponent is an OSD/JS issuance that remains in the document as part of an organizational change or other revision process must be revalidated or modified as a part of the revision process.  Proponents of terms and definitions that do not follow this process will result in automatic removal from the DOD Dictionary and movement to the Terminology Repository of DOD (OSD/JS) Issuances.  Any terms identified for removal from OSD/JS issuances will subsequently be removed from the DOD Dictionary and automatically placed in the Terminology Repository of DOD (OSD/JS) Issuances.

## 2.  Terminology Categorization (Policy And Joint Doctrine)


a.  **Military Terminology.**  Standardized military and associated terminology forms the foundation of joint doctrine.  It enables the joint force to organize, plan, train, and execute operations with a common language that is clearly articulated and universally understood. Since 1948, military terms have been codified in the DOD Dictionary.  Although different in purpose, policy documents also require standardized terminology.  While some policy terms are included in the DOD Dictionary, the bulk are codified in the Terminology Repository of DOD (OSD/JS) Issuances.  Policy terms may form the basis of doctrinal terms, further describe doctrinal concepts, or temporarily fill gaps in joint doctrine until adopted as extant practice.  If included in the DOD Dictionary, policy terms will conform to the CJCSI 5705.01
and standing operating procedure guidelines.

b.  **Policy and Joint Doctrine.**  Policy directs and assigns tasks, prescribes desired capabilities, and provides guidance for ensuring the Armed Forces of the United States are prepared to perform their assigned roles.  Implicitly, policy can create new roles and requirements for new capabilities.  Joint doctrine enhances the operational effectiveness of the Armed Forces by providing official advice and standardized terminology on topics relevant to the employment of military forces.  Although joint doctrine is neither policy nor strategy, it serves to make United States policy and strategy effective in the application of US military power.  Terminology developed within policy and joint doctrine serves different purposes.  The terminology required to support the employment of forces (doctrinal terms) may not be optimal for policy developers, whose purpose may be to illuminate resource or requirement documents.  Terminology developed for DOD policy is not limited by the constraints imposed on doctrine terminology.  Policy definitions may provide the basis for the doctrinal terms.  Doctrinal terms cannot be in conflict with the law, regulation, or policy.


c. Strategic Effect Terms.  Departments and agencies normally define mission task
terms (n - deterrence, stabilization, etc.) instead of strategic effect terms (v) to avoid confusion within and between mission areas and levels of engagement.  For strategic effect terms, the
standard dictionary definition often applies.  The following is a lengthy but not whole
inclusive list of strategic effect terms: advance, assure, coerce, compete, compel, contain, deceive, defeat, degrade, delay, delegitimize, deny, destroy, deter, discredit, disable,
discourage, disrupt, divert, engage, enhance, integrate, isolate, kill, maintain, manage,
neutralize, prevent, protect, stabilize, suppress, synchronize.

## 3.  Terminology Definition Development


The DOD Dictionary is designed to supplement common English-language dictionaries
with standard terminology for military and associated use.  After reviewing policy for criteria
and the DOD Dictionary for existence, developers must consult the Terminology Repository before defaulting to commonly used, English-language dictionaries as a starting point in
creating new DOD Dictionary terms and definitions.  A definition should address the meaning
of the term only and should not contain doctrinal or procedural information (i.e., it should
focus on describing "what" a term is and not "how" or "why" it is used).  If additional text is desired to elaborate on a definition, that information should be provided in the text of the publication.  Accordingly, the following CJCSI 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, and standing operating procedure criteria are used to determine the acceptability of terminology for inclusion in the DOD Dictionary:
a.  The term in a standard, commonly accepted dictionary is inadequate for DOD use.

b.  The term is not a standard dictionary definition with non-definitional text added.
Example: capability - The ability to complete a task or execute a course of action under
specified conditions and level of performance.
c.  The term is not self-defining.  Example: bomber aircraft - An aircraft that is capable
of delivery bombs.
d.  The term is not a policy term that competes or overrides a doctrinal term in the
DOD Dictionary.

e.  The proposed term follows established procedures in this issuance.  Verification must be provided that the DOD Terminologist approved; otherwise, the term will only be reflected in the Terminology Repository.


f.  Reflects extant DOD capabilities and practices.

g.  Of general military or associated significance.  Technical or highly specialized terms may be included if they can be defined in easily understood language and if their inclusion is of general military or associated significance.


h.  Terms for weaponry are limited to generic weapon systems.

i.  Are not to consist of or contain shortened word forms (e.g., abbreviations,
acronyms, or initialisms).
j.  Must be UNCLASSIFIED (including shortened word forms) and marked as such if
in controlled (e.g., FOUO) or classified documents.
k.  Are not prowords, code words, brevity words, or NATO [North Atlantic Treaty
Organization]-only terms.
l.  Are not Service-specific or functionality-specific unless they are commonly
employed in US joint force operations.
m.  An approved joint term with similar definition does not exist.

n.  Must be consistent with US law, treaties, international agreements, and executive
orders.
o.  Noun terms should be in singular form.

p.  With few exceptions, should be general terms, not proper names.

q.  Cross reference entries (i.e., 'also called' terms) will not have a separate entry.
Example: 'Universal Time' is also called 'ZULU time,' but no separate entry for 'ZULU time'.
r.  Terms must appear and be used in the body of the document, not just in its glossary.

s.  Proposed entries should be written as a definition and not as a description.
See CJCSI 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, Enclosure C, Definition Writing Guide, for specific guidance that should be followed when developing terms and definitions intended for inclusion in the DOD Dictionary.

## 4.  Shortened Word Forms (Abbreviations, Acronyms, And Initialisms)


The DOD Dictionary includes shortened word forms (abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms) for DOD and associated military terms.  Shortened word forms in the DOD
Dictionary are solely derived from currently approved JP glossaries and not centrally managed by the DOD Terminology Program for the joint force.  Although all are shortened versions of a word or phrase, typically by a series of letters, there is a difference.

a.  An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase pronounced as a word (e.g., SecDef).

b.  An acronym is a shortened form of a phrase of words, where the letters of the acronym stand for the terms of its meaning and is also read as a word (e.g., ASAP [as soon as possible]).

c.  An initialism is a shortened form of a word or phrase that is not spoken as a word;
each letter is spoken separately (e.g., DOD).

## D.  Parenthesis Use After Definitions



(1)  The term associated with an abbreviation, acronym, or initialism is referred to as the definition (e.g., the initialism definition for FOUO is 'for official use only').  In some cases, there may be another abbreviation, acronym, or initialism in parenthesis following the definition.  If the term is associated with a specific organization, the definition will include this tag in parenthesis showing it is an organizational-specific term.
For example: ACE -- aviation combat element (USMC) or AFNORTHWEST -- Allied Forces North West Europe (NATO).


(2)  There should only be a DOD Dictionary-approved abbreviation, acronym, or initialism in the parenthesis.

## E.  Other Criteria For Shortened Word Forms



The list below is not an exhaustive list of criteria for shortened word forms but is provided as general guidance for organizations in their creation and management. Shortened word forms reflect those used in individual joint doctrine publications.
Additional detail on shortened word form construction and guidance may be found in organizational standard operating procedures.  Avoid overuse of shortened word forms.


(1)  Must be unclassified and marked as such if in controlled or classified documents.  This means a glossary has to be marked unclassified to have the terms and definitions considered for inclusion in the DOD Dictionary or Terminology Repository.



(2)  Must be more than one letter.


(3)  Should avoid duplicating existing shortened word forms and must only have
one meaning within a single document.

(4)  Should generally use capital letters.


(5)  Should only be created when needed and commonly used.  All terms do not
need a shortened word form.


(6)  Establish in a document only when the term is used more than once within the body.


(7)  Should not be used to create other shortened word forms (e.g., "Director, NRO" does not establish "DNRO," regardless if "NRO" was established earlier in the text).


(8)  Should not be established as part of another shortened word form for use later in the text (e.g., if "C-2X" is being established using "counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element,"  the definition cannot be written as "counterintelligence [CI] and human intelligence [HUMINT] staff element" to establish CI and HUMINT for later use).

## 5.  Terminology Repository For Department Of Defense (Office Of The Secretary Of Defense/Joint Staff) Issuances


The Terminology Repository was established to provide awareness on specific and technical policy terms and definitions that reside outside the DOD Dictionary (universal and general terms).  The Terminology Repository supports the foundation that the DOD Dictionary is the primary terminology source.  When accessing joint publications or policy, strategy, and planning documents, users should review both the DOD Dictionary and the Terminology Repository to develop a full understanding of how a term may be described, defined, or used to proceed accordingly.  It is also recommended that all glossary developers also use the criteria enumerated in paragraph 2 in maintaining terms and definitions.  Like the DOD Dictionary, the Terminology Repository is unclassified and uncontrolled.  Unlike the DOD Dictionary, the Terminology Repository is not meant to capture or track shortened word forms such as abbreviations, acronyms, or initialisms.  The Terminology Repository can be found on the Terminology Program webpage at http://www.jcs.mil/Doctrine/DOD-Terminology-Program/.
The Terminology Repository is updated from policy document glossaries that received new issuance dates and submitted by offices of primary responsibility (OPRs).  Issuance OPRs populate and transmit new issuance-completed glossary content using the DOD Terminology Glossary Transmit Form found on the Joint Electronic Library.  Update/change glossary modified terms are submitted individually in the form under the same procedures.

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## Terms And Definitions A

acceptability - The plan review criterion for assessing whether the contemplated course
of action is proportional, worth the cost, consistent with the law of war, and is militarily and politically supportable.  See also **adequacy; feasibility.**  (JP 5-0)
access - In counterintelligence and intelligence use, a. a way or means of approach to
identify a target; or b. exploitable proximity to or ability to approach an individual, facility, or information that enables target to carry out the intended mission.  (JP 2-01.2)
accompanying supplies - Unit supplies that deploy with forces.  (JP 4-01.5) accountability - The obligation imposed by law or lawful order or regulation on an officer
or other person for keeping accurate record of property, documents, or funds.  (JP 1)
acoustic intelligence - Intelligence derived from the collection and processing of acoustic
phenomena.  (JP 2-0)
acquisition and cross-servicing agreement - Agreement, negotiated on a bilateral basis
with countries or international organizations, that allow United States forces to exchange most common types of support, including food, fuel, transportation, ammunition, and equipment.  Also called **ACSA.**  See also **cross-servicing.**  (JP 3-16)
action phase - In amphibious operations, the period of time between the arrival of the
landing forces of the amphibious force in the operational area and the accomplishment of their mission.  See also amphibious force; amphibious operation; landing force; mission.  (JP 3-02)
activation - Order to active duty (other than for training) in the federal service.  See also
active duty; federal service.  (JP 4-05)
active defense - The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny
a contested area or position to the enemy.  See also **passive defense.**  (JP 3-60)
active duty - Full-time duty in the active military service of the United States, including
active duty or full-time training duty in the Reserve Component.  See also active duty for training; inactive duty training.  (JP 4-05)
active duty for training - A tour of active duty that is used for training members of the
Reserve Component to provide trained units and qualified persons to fill the needs of
the Armed Forces of the United States in time of war or national emergency and such other times as the national security requires.  (JP 4-05)
Active Guard and Reserve - National Guard and Reserve members who are on
voluntary active duty providing full-time support to National Guard, Reserve, and
Active Component organizations for the purpose of organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the Reserve Components.  (CJCSM 3150.13)

activity - 1. A unit, organization, or installation performing a function or mission.  2. A
function, mission, action, or collection of actions.  (JP 3-0)
activity-based intelligence - An analytic method applied to structured data from multiple
sources, to discover objects, relationships, or behaviors by resolving significant
activity.  Also call **ABI.**  (JP 2-03)
act of mercy - In personnel recovery, assistance rendered to evaders by an individual or
elements of the local population who sympathize or empathize with the evaders' cause
or plight.  See also **evader; evasion; recovery; recovery operations.**  (JP 3-50)
acute radiation dose - Total ionizing radiation dose received at one time and over a
period so short that biological recovery cannot occur.  (JP 3-11)
acute radiation syndrome - An acute illness caused by irradiation of the body by a high
dose of penetrating radiation in a very short period of time.  Also called **ARS.**  (JP 3-11)
adequacy - The plan review criterion for assessing whether the scope and concept of
planned operations can accomplish the assigned mission and comply with the planning guidance provided.  See also **acceptability; feasibility.**  (JP 5-0)
administrative contracting officer - Contracting officer whose primary duties involve
contract administration.  Also called **ACO.**  See also contracting officer; procuring contracting officer.  (JP 4-10)
administrative control - Direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other
organizations in respect to administration and support.  Also called **ADCON.**  (JP 1)
administrative loading - A loading method that gives primary consideration to
achieving maximum utilization of troop and cargo space without regard to tactical
considerations.  Also called **commercial loading.**  (JP 3-02)
adversary - A party acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against
which the use of force may be envisaged.  (JP 3-0)
adversary template - A model based on an adversary's known or postulated preferred
methods of operation illustrating the disposition and activity of adversary forces and assets conducting a particular operation unconstrained by the impact of the operational environment.  (JP 2-01.3)
aerial port - An airfield that has been designated for the sustained air movement of personnel
and materiel, as well as an authorized port for entrance into or departure from the country where located. See also **port of debarkation; port of embarkation.**  (JP 3-36)
aeromedical evacuation - The movement of patients under medical supervision to and
between medical treatment facilities by air transportation.  Also called AE.  (JP 4-02)
aeromedical evacuation control team - A core team assigned to a component-numbered
Air Force air operations center air mobility division that provides operational planning, scheduling, and execution of theater aeromedical evacuation missions and positioning of aeromedical evacuation ground forces.  Also called **AECT.**  See also
aeromedical evacuation; air mobility division.  (JP 3-36)
aerospace defense - Defensive measures designed to destroy or nullify attacking enemy
aircraft and missiles and also negate hostile space systems.  See also **air defense**;
space defense.  (JP 3-27)
afloat pre-positioning force - Ships maintained in full operational status to pre-position
military equipment and supplies afloat in support of combatant commanders' operation plans.  Also called **APF.**  See also **maritime pre-positioning ships.**  (JP 3-36)
afloat pre-positioning operations - Pre-positioning of ships, preloaded with equipment
and supplies that provides for an alternative to land-based programs.  See also
operation.  (JP 4-01.6)
agency - In intelligence usage, an organization or individual that collects and/or processes
information.  Also called **collection agency.**  See also agent; intelligence process; source.  (JP 2-01)
agent - In intelligence usage, one who is authorized or instructed to obtain or to assist in
obtaining information for intelligence or counterintelligence purposes.  (JP 2-01.2)
aimpoint - 1. A point associated with a target and assigned for a specific weapon impact.
2. A prominent radar-significant feature used to assist an aircrew in navigating and
delivering their weapons.  See also **desired point of impact.**  (JP 3-60)
air and missile defense - Direct [active and passive] defensive actions taken to destroy,
nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air and ballistic missile threats against friendly forces and assets.  Also called **AMD.**  (JP 3-01)
air apportionment - The determination and assignment of the total expected effort by
percentage and/or by priority that should be devoted to the various air operations for
a given period of time.  (JP 3-0)
air assault - The movement of friendly assault forces by rotary-wing or tiltrotor aircraft
to engage and destroy enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain..  See also **assault.** (JP 3-18)
air assault force - A force composed primarily of ground and rotary-wing air units
organized, equipped, and trained for air assault operations.  (JP 3-18)
air assault operation - An operation in which assault forces, using the mobility of rotarywing or tiltrotor aircraft and the total integration of available fires, maneuver under
the control of a ground or air maneuver commander to engage enemy forces or to seize
and hold key terrain.  (JP 3-18)
airborne - 1. In relation to personnel, troops especially trained to effect, following
transport by air, an assault debarkation, either by parachuting or touchdown.  2. In
relation to equipment, pieces of equipment that have been especially designed for use by airborne troops during or after an assault debarkation, as well as some aeronautical equipment used to accomplish a particular mission.  3. When applied to materiel, items that form an integral part of the aircraft.  4. The state of an aircraft, from the instant it becomes entirely sustained by air until it ceases to be so sustained.  (JP 3-36)
airborne alert - A state of aircraft readiness wherein combat-equipped aircraft are
airborne and ready for immediate action to reduce reaction time and to increase
survivability.  See also **combat air patrol; ground alert.**  (JP 3-01)
airborne assault - The use of airborne forces to parachute into an objective area to attack
and eliminate armed resistance and secure designated objectives.  (JP 3-18)
airborne early warning - The detection of enemy air or surface units by radar or other
equipment carried in an airborne vehicle, and the transmitting of a warning to friendly units.  (JP 3-52)
airborne mission coordinator - The designated individual that serves as an airborne
extension of the component commander or supported commander responsible for the personnel recovery mission.  Also called **AMC.**  See also combat search and rescue; personnel recovery coordination cell.  (JP 3-50)
airborne operation - An operation involving the air movement into an objective area of
combat forces and their logistic support for execution of a tactical, operational, or strategic mission.  See also assault; **assault phase.**  (JP 3-18)
air corridor - A restricted air route of travel specified for use by friendly aircraft and
established for the purpose of preventing friendly aircraft from being fired on by
friendly forces.  (JP 3-52)
aircraft carrier - A warship designed to support and operate aircraft, engage in attacks
on targets afloat or ashore, and engage in sustained operations in support of other forces.  (JP 3-32)
air defense - Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or
aerodynamic missiles, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack.  Also called AD.  See also **aerospace defense.**  (JP 3-01)
air defense area - 1. **overseas** - A specifically defined airspace for which air defense
must be planned and provided.  2. **United States** - Airspace of defined dimensions
designated by the appropriate agency within which the ready control of airborne
vehicles is required in the interest of national security during an air defense emergency.  (JP 3-01)

air defense artillery - Weapons and equipment for actively combating air targets from
the ground.  Also called **ADA.**  (JP 3-01)
air defense identification zone - Airspace of defined dimensions within which the ready
identification, location, and control of airborne vehicles are required.  (JP 3-52)
air defense region - A geographical subdivision of an air defense area.  (JP 3-01)
air defense sector - A geographical subdivision of an air defense region.  (JP 3-01) air defense warning condition - An air defense warning given in the form of a color
code corresponding to the degree of air raid probability with yellow standing for when
an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is probable; red for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is imminent or is in progress; and white for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is improbable.  Also called **ADWC.**  (JP 3-01)
air domain - The atmosphere, beginning at the Earth's surface, extending to the altitude
where its effects upon operations become negligible.  (JP 3-30)
airdrop - The unloading of personnel or materiel from aircraft in flight.  See also air
movement.  (JP 3-36)
air expeditionary task force - A deployed numbered air force or command echelon
immediately subordinate to a numbered air force provided as the United States Air Force component command committed to a joint operation.  Also called **AETF.**  (JP 3-30)
Air Force special operations forces - Those Active Component and Reserve Component
Air Force forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations.  Also called AFSOF. (JP 3-05)
airhead line - A line denoting the limits of the objective area for an airborne assault.  See
also **assault phase; objective area.**  (JP 3-18)
air interdiction - Air operations conducted to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the
enemy's military surface capabilities before it can be brought to bear effectively
against friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives that are conducted at such distances from friendly forces that detailed integration of each air mission with the fire
and movement of friendly forces is not required.  Also called AI.  (JP 3-03)
airland - Movement by air and disembarkment, or unloading, on the ground after the
aircraft has landed or while an aircraft is hovering.  See also **air movement.**  (JP 3-36)
airland operation - An operation involving movement by air with a designated
destination for further ground deployment of units and personnel and/or further ground distribution of supplies.  See also **airland.**  (JP 3-36)
air liaison officer - The senior tactical air control party member attached to a ground unit
who functions as the primary advisor to the ground commander on air power.  Also called **ALO.**  (JP 3-09.3)
airlift control team - A core team within the joint air operations center with intratheater
airlift functional expertise to plan, coordinate, manage, and execute intratheater airlift operations in support of the joint force air component commander.  Also called **ALCT.** See also **air operations center; air mobility division; intratheater airlift.**  (JP 3-36)
airlift mission commander - A commander designated in the implementing directive for
airlift operations..  See also **joint force air component commander.**  (JP 3-36)
airlift requirement - The total number of passengers and/or weight/cubic displacement
of cargo required to be carried by air for a specific task.  (JP 3-36)
air mobility - The rapid movement of personnel, materiel, and forces to and from, or within,
a theater by air.  See also **air refueling.**  (JP 3-36)
Air Mobility Command - The Air Force component command of the United States
Transportation Command.  Also called **AMC.**  (JP 3-36)
air mobility control team - A core team within the joint air operations center that directs
or redirects air mobility forces in response to requirements changes, higher priorities, or immediate execution requirements.  Also called **AMCT.**  See also air operations center; air mobility; air mobility division.  (JP 3-36)
air mobility division - Located in the joint air operations center to plan, coordinate, task,
and execute the air mobility mission consisting of the air mobility control team, airlift control team, air refueling control team, and aeromedical evacuation control team. Also called **AMD.**  See also **air mobility; joint air operations center.**  (JP 3-36)
air mobility liaison officer - A rated United States Air Force mobility air forces officer
selected, trained, and equipped to assess, train, advise, and assist with mobility air
forces and ground force integration for air movement and sustainment.  Also called
AMLO.  (JP 3-36)
air movement - Air transport of units, personnel, supplies, and equipment, including
airdrops and air landings.  See also **airdrop; airland.**  (JP 3-36)
air operations center - The senior agency of the Air Force component commander that
provides command and control of Air Force air and space operations and coordinates with other components and Services.  Also called **AOC.**  (JP 3-30)
air refueling - The refueling of an aircraft in flight by another aircraft.  Also called **AR.**
(JP 3-36)
air route - The navigable airspace between two points, identified to the extent necessary
for the application of flight rules.  (JP 3-52)
air sovereignty - A nation's inherent right to exercise absolute control and authority over
the airspace above its territory.  (JP 3-27)
airspace control - Capabilities and procedures used to increase operational effectiveness
by promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace.  (JP 3-52)
airspace control area - Airspace that is laterally defined by the boundaries of the
operational area and may be subdivided into sectors.  (JP 3-01)
airspace control authority - The commander designated to assume overall responsibility
for the operation of the airspace control system in the airspace control area.  Also called **ACA.**  See also airspace control; airspace control area; airspace control system; control; operation.  (JP 3-52)
airspace control order - An order implementing the airspace control plan that provides
the details of the approved requests for airspace coordinating measures.  Also called ACO.  (JP 3-52)
airspace control plan - The document approved by the joint force commander that
provides specific planning guidance and procedures for the airspace control system
for the joint force operational area.  Also called **ACP.**  See also airspace control
system; joint force commander.  (JP 3-52)
airspace control procedures - Rules, mechanisms, and directions that facilitate the
control and use of airspace of specified dimensions.  See also airspace control
authority; airspace control order; airspace control plan.  (JP 3-52)
airspace control system - An arrangement of those organizations, personnel, policies,
procedures, and facilities required to perform airspace control functions.  Also called ACS.  (JP 3-52)
airspace coordinating measures - Measures employed to facilitate the efficient use of
airspace to accomplish missions and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces.  Also called **ACMs.**  See also airspace control area; airspace coordination
area; high-density airspace control zone; weapons engagement zone.  (JP 3-52)
airspace coordination area - A three-dimensional block of airspace in a target area,
established by the appropriate commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably
safe from friendly surface fires.  Also called **ACA.**  (JP 3-09.3)
airspace management - The coordination, integration, and regulation of the use of
airspace of defined dimensions.  (JP 3-52)
air superiority - That degree of control of the air by one force that permits the conduct
of its operations at a given time and place without prohibitive interference from air and missile threats.  (JP 3-01)
air support control section - In amphibious operations, the section of the Navy tactical
air control center designated to coordinate, control, and integrate all direct-support aircraft and assault-support operations.  Also called **ASCS.**  (JP 3-02)
air support operations center - The principal air control agency of the theater air control
system responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat element.  Also called **ASOC.**  See also close air support;
operation; Navy tactical air control center.  (JP 3-09.3)
air support request - A means to request preplanned and immediate close air support,
air interdiction, air reconnaissance, surveillance, escort, helicopter airlift, and other aircraft missions.  Also called **AIRSUPREQ.**  (JP 3-30)
air supremacy - That degree of control of the air wherein the opposing force is incapable of
effective interference within the operational area using air and missile threats.  (JP 3-01)
air tasking order - A method used to task and disseminate to components, subordinate
units, and command and control agencies projected sorties, capabilities, and/or forces to targets and specific missions.  Also called **ATO.**  (JP 3-30)
air terminal - A facility on an airfield that functions as an air transportation hub and
accommodates the loading and unloading of airlift aircraft and the in-transit processing of traffic.  (JP 3-36)
air traffic control section - In amphibious operations, the section of the Navy tactical
air control center designed to provide initial safe passage, radar control, and
surveillance for close air support aircraft in the operational area.  Also called **ATCS.** (JP 3-02)
alert order - 1. A planning directive normally associated with a crisis, issued by the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, on behalf of the President or Secretary of Defense, that provides essential planning guidance and directs the development, adaptation, or refinement of a plan/order after the directing authority approves a military course of action.  2. A planning directive that provides essential planning guidance, directs the initiation of planning after the directing authority approves a military course of action, but does not authorize execution.  Also called **ALERTORD.**
See also **course of action.**  (JP 5-0)
alliance - The relationship that results from a formal agreement between two or more
nations for broad, long-term objectives that further the common interests of the members.  See also **multinational.**  (JP 3-0)
Allied System for Geospatial Intelligence - A partnership between five nations (United
States and allied partners Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom)
to advance the geospatial intelligence mission with a common analytic environment to provide a common geospatial intelligence picture.  Also called **ASG.**  (JP 2-03)

allocation - 1. Distribution of limited forces and resources for employment among
competing requirements.  2. The temporary transfer of forces to meet the operational
demand of combatant commanders, including rotational requirements and requests for
capabilities or forces (unit or individual) in response to crisis or emergent contingencies.  See also **apportionment.**  (JP 5-0)
allocation request A daily message that provides an estimate of the total air effort,
identifies any excess and joint force general support aircraft sorties, and identifies unfilled air requirements for preplanned missions.  Also called **ALLOREQ.**  (JP 3-30)
allowable cabin load - The maximum payload that can be carried on an individual sortie.
Also called **ACL.**  (JP 3-36)
all-source intelligence - 1. Intelligence products and/or organizations and activities that
incorporate all sources of information in the production of finished intelligence.  2. In intelligence collection, a phrase that indicates that in the satisfaction of intelligence
requirements, all collection, processing, exploitation, and reporting systems and resources are identified for possible use and those most capable are tasked.  See also
intelligence.  (JP 2-0)
amphibian - A small craft, propelled by propellers and wheels or by air cushions for the
purpose of moving on both land and water.  (JP 4-01.6)
amphibious advance force - A temporary support force assigned to the amphibious force
that conducts shaping operations in the amphibious objective area or operational area prior to the arrival of the amphibious force.  (JP 3-02)
amphibious air traffic control center - The centralized air traffic control agency on an
amphibious warfare ship responsible for operational control of aircraft departing from and recovering on the ship and tactical control of airborne helicopters in support of amphibious assaults.  Also called **AATCC.**  (JP 3-02)
amphibious assault - A type of amphibious operation that involves establishing a force
on a hostile or potentially hostile shore.  See also **assault; assault phase.**  (JP 3-02)
amphibious assault vehicle launching area - An area, in the vicinity of and to seaward
of the line of departure, to which landing ships proceed and launch amphibious assault vehicles.  (JP 3-02)
amphibious breaching - The conduct of a deliberate breaching operation specifically
planned to overcome antilanding defenses to conduct amphibious operations.  (JP 3-02)
amphibious bulk liquid transfer system - Hose-reel system providing capability to
deliver fuel and/or water from ship to shore.  Also called **ABLTS.**  (JP 4-01.6)
amphibious construction battalion - A permanently commissioned naval unit,
subordinate to the commander, naval beach group, designed to provide an
administrative unit from which personnel and equipment are formed in tactical
elements and made available to appropriate commanders to operate causeways, transfer barges, warping tugs, and assault bulk fuel systems and to meet salvage requirements of the naval beach party.  Also called **PHIBCB.**  (JP 3-02)
amphibious defense zone - The area encompassing the amphibious objective area and
the adjoining airspace required by accompanying naval forces for the purpose of air defense.  Also called an **ADZ.**  (JP 3-02)
amphibious demonstration - A type of amphibious operation conducted for the purpose
of deceiving the enemy by a show of force with the expectation of deluding the enemy into following an unfavorable course of action.  (JP 3-02)
amphibious force - An amphibious task force and a landing force together with other
forces that are trained, organized, and equipped for amphibious operations.  Also called AF.  See also **amphibious operation; amphibious task force; landing force.**
(JP 3-02)
amphibious objective area - A geographical area of sufficient size for conducting
necessary sea, air, and land operations and within which is located the objective(s) to be secured by the amphibious force.  Also called **AOA.**  See also amphibious force; mission.  (JP 3-02)
amphibious operation - A military operation launched from the sea by an amphibious
force to conduct landing force operations within the littorals.  Also called **PHIBOP.** See also **amphibious force; landing force; mission; operation.**  (JP 3-02)
amphibious raid - A type of amphibious operation involving swift incursion into, or
temporary occupation of, an objective area followed by a planned withdrawal.  See also **amphibious operation.**  (JP 3-02)
amphibious ready group - A Navy task organization formed to conduct amphibious
operations, commanded by an amphibious squadron commander.  Also called **ARG.**
(JP 3-02)
amphibious squadron - A tactical and administrative organization composed of
amphibious warfare ships used to transport troops and their equipment for an amphibious operation.  Also called **PHIBRON.**  (JP 3-02)
amphibious task force - A Navy task organization formed to conduct amphibious
operations.  Also called **ATF.**  See also amphibious force; amphibious operation;
landing force.  (JP 3-02)
amphibious vehicle - A wheeled or tracked vehicle capable of operating on both land
and water.  See also **landing craft.**  (JP 3-02)
amphibious vehicle availability table - A tabulation of the type and number of
amphibious vehicles available primarily for assault landings and for support of other
elements of the operation.  (JP 3-02)
amphibious vehicle employment plan - A plan showing, in tabular form, the planned
employment of amphibious vehicles during landing operations, to include initial
movement to the beach. (JP 3-02)
amphibious warfare ship - A combatant ship having organic capability to embark, land,
and support landing forces in amphibious operations and which has characteristics
enabling long-duration operations on the high seas.  (JP 3-02)
amphibious withdrawal - A type of amphibious operation involving the extraction of
forces by sea in ships or craft from a hostile or potentially hostile shore.  See also
amphibious operation.  (JP 3-02)
analysis and production - In intelligence usage, the conversion of processed information
into intelligence through the integration, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of all source data and the preparation of intelligence products in support of known or
anticipated user requirements.  See also **intelligence process.**  (JP 2-01)
antiaccess - Action, activity, or capability, usually long-range, designed to prevent an
advancing enemy force from entering an operational area.  Also called A2.  (JP 3-0)
Antideficiency Act violations - The incurring of obligations or the making of expenditure
(outlays) in violation of appropriation law as to purpose, time, and amounts as specified in the defense appropriation or appropriations of funds.  (JP 3-80)
antiradiation missile - A missile which homes passively on a radiation source.  Also
called **ARM.**  See also **guided missile.**  (JP 3-01)
antisubmarine warfare - Operations conducted with the intention of denying the enemy
the effective use of submarines.  Also called **ASW.**  (JP 3-32)
antiterrorism - Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and
property to terrorist acts, to include rapid containment by local military and civilian
forces.  Also called AT.  See also **counterterrorism; terrorism.**  (JP 3-26)
anti-vehicle land mine - A mine designed to immobilize or destroy a vehicle.  Also
called **AVL.**  (JP 3-15)
application - 1. The system or problem to which a computer is applied.  2. In the
intelligence context, the direct extraction and tailoring of information from an existing foundation of intelligence and near real time reporting.  (JP 2-0)
apportionment - The quantities of force capabilities and resources provided for planning
purposes only, but not necessarily an identification of the actual forces that may be allocated for use when a plan transitions to execution.  See also **allocation.**  (JP 5-0)
approach schedule - In amphibious operations, a schedule that indicates, for each
scheduled wave, the time of departure from the rendezvous area, from the line of
departure and from other control points, and the time of arrival at the beach.  (JP 3-02)
apron - A defined area on an airfield intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of
loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refueling, parking, or maintenance.  (JP 3-34)
area air defense commander - The component commander with the preponderance of
air defense capability and the required command, control, and communications capabilities who is assigned by the joint force commander to plan and execute integrated air defense operations.  Also called **AADC.**  (JP 3-01)
area damage control - Measures taken before, during, and/or after a hostile action or
natural or manmade disasters to reduce the probability of damage and minimize its
effects.  Also called **ADC.**  (JP 3-10)
area denial - Action, activity, or capability, usually short-range, designed to limit an enemy
force's freedom of action within an operational area.  Also called AD.  (JP 3-0)
area of influence - A geographical area wherein a commander is directly capable of
influencing operations by maneuver or fire support systems normally under the commander's command or control.  (JP 3-0)
area of interest - That area of concern to the commander, including the area of influence,
areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory.  Also called **AOI.**  See also
area of influence.  (JP 3-0)
area of operations - An operational area defined by a commander for land and maritime
forces that should be large enough to accomplish their missions and protect their
forces.  Also called AO.  See also area of responsibility; joint operations area; joint special operations area.  (JP 3-0)
area of responsibility - The geographical area associated with a combatant command
within which a geographic combatant commander has authority to plan and conduct
operations.  Also called **AOR.**  See also **combatant command.**  (JP 1)
area search - Visual reconnaissance of limited or defined areas.  (JP 3-50) Armed Forces of the United States - A term used to denote collectively all components
of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard (when mobilized under Title 10, United States Code, to augment the Navy).  (JP 1)
arming - As applied to explosives, weapons, and ammunition, the changing from a safe
condition to a state of readiness for initiation.  (JP 3-15)
Army air-ground system - The Army system which provides for interface between
Army and tactical air support agencies of other Services in the planning, evaluating,
processing, and coordinating of air support requirements and operations.  Also called AAGS.  (JP 3-09.3)

Army corps - An echelon of command and tactical formations that employs divisions,
multifunctional brigades, and functional brigades to achieve objectives on land.  (JP 3-31)
Army division - An echelon of command and tactical formation that employs brigade
combat teams, multifunctional brigades, and functional brigades to achieve objectives on land.  (JP 3-31)
Army Service component command - Command responsible for recommendations to
the joint force commander on the allocation and employment of Army forces within a
combatant command.  Also called **ASCC.**  (JP 3-31)
Army special operations forces - Those Active Component and Reserve Component
Army forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations.  Also called ARSOF.
(JP 3-05)
Army support area - At all echelons, an area designated to facilitate the positioning,
employment, and protection of sustainment assets; and where the majority of sustaining operations occur.  (JP 3-31)
arrival zone - In counterdrug operations, the area in or adjacent to the United States where
smuggling concludes and domestic distribution begins (by air, an airstrip; by sea, an offload point on land or transfer to small boats).   See also **transit zone.**  (JP 3-07.4)
ascent phase - That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile or space vehicle that begins
after powered flight and ends just prior to apogee.  (JP 3-01)
assault - 1. In an amphibious operation, the period of time between the arrival of the
major assault forces of the amphibious task force in the objective area and the accomplishment of the amphibious task force mission.  (JP 3-02)  2. To make a short, violent, but well-ordered attack against a local objective, such as a gun emplacement, a fort, or a machine gun nest.  (JP 3-18)  3. A phase of an airborne operation beginning with delivery by air of the assault echelon of the force into the objective area and
extending through attack of assault objectives and consolidation of the initial airhead.
See also **assault phase.**  (JP 3-18)
assault breaching - A part of amphibious breaching in support of an amphibious assault
involving a fire support mission using precision-guided munitions to neutralize mines
and obstacles in the surf zone and on the beach.  (JP 3-02)
assault craft unit - A permanently commissioned naval organization, subordinate to the
commander, naval beach group, that contains landing craft and crews necessary to provide lighterage required in an amphibious operation.  Also called **ACU.**  (JP 3-02)
assault echelon - In amphibious operations, the element of a force comprised of tailored
units and aircraft assigned to conduct the initial assault on the operational area.  Also
called AE.  See also **amphibious operation.**  (JP 3-02)
assault follow-on echelon - In amphibious operations, that echelon of the assault troops,
vehicles, aircraft, equipment, and supplies that, though not needed to initiate the assault, is required to support and sustain the assault.  Also called **AFOE.**  (JP 3-02)
assault phase - In an airborne operation, a phase beginning with delivery by air of the
assault echelon of the force into the objective area and extending through attack of
assault objectives and consolidation of the initial airhead.  See also **assault.**  (JP 3-18)
assault schedule - In amphibious operations, a schedule that provides the formation,
composition, and timing of waves landing over the beach.  (JP 3-02)
assessment - 1. A continuous process that measures the overall effectiveness of
employing capabilities during military operations.  2. Determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or achieving an objective.  3. Analysis of the security, effectiveness, and potential of an existing or planned
intelligence activity.  4. Judgment of the motives, qualifications, and characteristics of present or prospective employees or "agents."  (JP 3-0)
assessment agent The organization responsible for conducting an assessment of an approved
publication.  Also called AA.  (CJCSM 5120.01)
asset validation - In intelligence use, the process used to determine the asset
authenticity, reliability, utility, suitability, and degree of control the case officer or others have.  (JP 2-01.2)
asset visibility - Provides users with information on the location, movement, status and
identity of units, personnel, equipment, and supplies.  Also called AV.  (JP 3-35)
assign - 1. To place units or personnel in an organization where such placement is
relatively permanent, and/or where such organization controls and administers the units or personnel for the primary function, or greater portion of the functions, of the unit or personnel.  2. To detail individuals to specific duties or functions where such duties or functions are primary and/or relatively permanent.  See also **attach.**  (JP 3-0)
assumption - A specific supposition of the operational environment that is assumed to be
true, in the absence of positive proof, essential for the continuation of planning.  (JP 5-0)
atmospheric environment - The envelope of air surrounding the Earth, including its
interfaces and interactions with the Earth's solid or liquid surface.  (JP 3-59)
attach - 1. The placement of units or personnel in an organization where such placement
is relatively temporary.  2. The detailing of individuals to specific functions where such functions are secondary or relatively temporary.  See also **assign.**  (JP 3-0)
attack group - A subordinate task organization of the Navy forces of an amphibious task
force composed of amphibious warfare ships and supporting naval units designated to
transport, protect, land, and initially support a landing group.  (JP 3-02)
attack heading - 1. The interceptor heading during the attack phase that will achieve the
desired track-crossing angle.  2. The assigned magnetic compass heading to be flown
by aircraft during the delivery phase of an air strike.  (JP 3-09.3)
attack position - The last position occupied by the assault echelon before crossing the
line of departure.  (JP 3-09.3)
audience - In public affairs, a broadly-defined group that contains stakeholders and/or
publics relevant to military operations.  (JP 3-61)
authentication - 1. A security measure designed to protect a communications system
against acceptance of a fraudulent transmission or simulation by establishing the validity of a transmission, message, or originator.  2. A means of identifying
individuals and verifying their eligibility to receive specific categories of information.
3. Evidence by proper signature or seal that a document is genuine and official.  4. In personnel recovery missions, the process whereby the identity of an isolated person is confirmed.  See also **evader; evasion; recovery operations; security.**  (JP 3-50)
authorized departure - A procedure, short of ordered departure, by which mission
employees or dependents or both, are permitted to leave post in advance of normal rotation when the national interests or imminent threat to life require it.  (JP 3-68)
Automated Repatriation Reporting System - A Defense Manpower Data Center
system used to track the status of noncombatant evacuees after they have arrived in an initial safe haven in the United States. (JP 3-68)
automatic identification technology - A suite of technologies enabling the automatic
capture of data, thereby enhancing the ability to identify, track, document, and control assets (e.g., materiel), deploying and redeploying forces, equipment, personnel, and sustainment cargo.  Also called **AIT.**  (JP 4-09)
autonomous operation - In air defense, the mode of operation assumed by a unit after it
has lost all communications with higher echelons forcing the unit commander to assume full responsibility for control of weapons and engagement of hostile targets.
(JP 3-01)
avenue of approach - An air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading
to its objective or to key terrain in its path.  Also called AA.  (JP 2-01.3)
aviation medicine - The special field of medicine that is related to the biological and
psychological problems of flight.  (JP 4-02)

Intentionally Blank


backfill - Reserve Component units and individuals recalled to replace deploying active
units and/or individuals in the continental United States and outside the continental United States.  See also **Reserve Component.**  (JP 4-05)
bale cubic capacity - The space available for cargo measured in cubic feet to the inside
of the cargo battens, on the frames, and to the underside of the beams.  (JP 3-36)
ballistic missile - Any missile that does not rely upon aerodynamic surfaces to produce
lift and consequently follows a ballistic trajectory when thrust is terminated.  Also called BM.  See also **guided missile.**  (JP 3-01)
barrier - A coordinated series of natural or man-made obstacles designed or employed
to channel, direct, restrict, delay, or stop the movement of an opposing force and to impose additional losses in personnel, time, and equipment on the opposing force.
(JP 3-15)
barrier combat air patrol - One or more divisions or elements of fighter aircraft
employed between a force and an objective area as a barrier across the probable
direction of enemy attack.  See also **combat air patrol.**  (JP 3-01)
barrier, obstacle, and mine warfare plan - A comprehensive, coordinated plan that
includes responsibilities; general location of unspecified and specific barriers, obstacles, and minefields; special instructions; limitations; coordination; and completion times; and may designate locations of obstacle zones or belts.  (JP 3-15)
base - 1. A locality from which operations are projected or supported.  2. An area or
locality containing installations which provide logistics or other support.  3. Home airfield or home carrier.  See also **facility.**  (JP 4-0)
base boundary - A line that delineates the surface area of a base for the purpose of
facilitating coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas.  (JP 3-10)
base cluster A collection of bases, geographically grouped for mutual protection and ease
of command and control.  (JP 3-10)
base cluster operations center - A command and control facility that serves as the base
cluster commander's focal point for defense and security of the base cluster.  Also called **BCOC.**  (JP 3-10)
base defense The local military measures, both normal and emergency, required to nullify
or reduce the effectiveness of enemy attacks on, or sabotage of, a base to ensure the maximum capacity of its facilities is available to United States forces.  (JP 3-10)
base defense operations center - A command and control facility established by the base
commander to serve as the focal point for base security and defense.  Also called BDOC.  (JP 3-10)
base defense zone - An air defense zone established around an air base and limited to the
engagement envelope of short-range air defense weapons systems defending that base.
(JP 3-52)
base development - The acquisition, development, expansion, improvement,
construction and/or replacement of the facilities and resources of a location to support
forces.  (JP 3-34)
baseline costs - The continuing annual costs of military operations funded by the
operations and maintenance and military personnel appropriations.  (JP 3-80)
base operating support - Directly assisting, maintaining, supplying, and distributing
support of forces at the operating location.  Also called **BOS.**  (JP 4-0)
base operating support-integrator - The designated Service component or joint task
force commander assigned to synchronize all sustainment functions for a contingency base.  Also called **BOS-I.**  (JP 4-0)
base plan - A type of operation plan that describes the concept of operations, major forces,
sustainment concept, and anticipated timelines for completing the mission without
annexes or time-phased force and deployment data.  Also called **BPLAN.**  (JP 5-0)
base support installation - A Department of Defense Service or agency installation
within the United States and its territories tasked to serve as a base for military forces engaged in either homeland defense or conducting defense support of civil authorities. Also called **BSI.**  (JP 3-28)
basic encyclopedia - A compilation of identified installations and physical areas of
potential significance as objectives for attack.  (JP 2-01)
basic load - The quantity of supplies required to be on hand within, and moved by a unit
or formation, expressed according to the wartime organization of the unit or formation and maintained at the prescribed levels.  (JP 4-09)
battalion landing team - 1.  In an amphibious operation, an infantry battalion normally
reinforced by necessary combat and service elements.  2.  The basic unit for planning
an assault landing.  Also called **BLT.**  (JP 3-02)
battle damage assessment - The estimate of damage composed of physical and
functional damage assessment, as well as target system assessment, resulting from the application of lethal or nonlethal military force.  Also called **BDA.**  See also combat
assessment.  (JP 3-0)
battle damage repair - Essential repair, which may be improvised, carried out rapidly
in a hostile environment in order to return damaged or disabled equipment to
temporary service.  (JP 4-09)
battlefield coordination detachment - An Army liaison located in the air operations center
that provides selected operational functions between the Army forces and the air
component commander.  Also called **BCD.**  See also **air operations center.**  (JP 3-03)
battle injury - Damage or harm sustained by personnel during or as a result of battle
conditions.  Also called BI.  (JP 4-02)
battle management - The management of activities within the operational environment based
on the commands, direction, and guidance given by appropriate authority.  (JP 3-01)
battle rhythm - A deliberate, daily schedule of command, staff, and unit activities intended
to maximize use of time and synchronize staff actions.  (JP 3-33)
beach - 1. The area extending from the shoreline inland to a marked change in
physiographic form or material or to the line of permanent vegetation (coastline).  2. In amphibious operations, that portion of the shoreline designated for landing of a tactical organization.  (JP 3-02)
beachhead - A designated area on a hostile or potentially hostile shore that, when seized
and held, ensures the continuous landing of troops and materiel and provides maneuver space requisite for subsequent projected operations ashore.  (JP 3-02)
beachmaster unit - A commissioned naval unit of the naval beach group designed to
provide to the shore party a Navy component known as a beach party, which is capable
of supporting the amphibious landing of one division (reinforced).  Also called **BMU.**
See also **beach party; naval beach group; shore party.**  (JP 4-01.6)
beach party - The Navy component of the landing force support party under the tactical
control of the landing force support party commander.  See also beachmaster unit; shore party.  (JP 3-02)
beach support area - In amphibious operations, the area to the rear of a landing force,
or elements thereof, that contains the facilities for the unloading of troops and materiel and the support of the forces ashore.  Also called **BSA.**  (JP 3-02)
begin morning civil twilight - The period of time at which the sun is halfway between
beginning morning and nautical twilight and sunrise, when there is enough light to see objects clearly with the unaided eye.  (JP 2-01.3)
begin morning nautical twilight - The start of that period where, in good conditions and
in the absence of other illumination, the sun is 12 degrees below the eastern horizon and enough light is available to identify the general outlines of ground objects and conduct limited military operations.  (JP 3-09.3)
biological agent - A microorganism (or a toxin derived from it) that causes disease in
personnel, plants, or animals or causes the deterioration of materiel.  See also chemical agent.  (JP 3-11)
biological hazard - An organism, or substance derived from an organism, that poses a
threat to human or animal health.  (JP 3-11)
biometrics - The process of recognizing an individual based on measurable anatomical,
physiological, and behavioral characteristics.  (JP 2-0)
biometrics-enabled intelligence - The intelligence derived from the processing of
biologic identity data and other all-source for information concerning persons of interest.  Also called **BEI.**  (JP 2-0)
biosurveillance - The process to gather, integrate, interpret, and communicate essential
information related to all-hazards, threats, or disease activity affecting human, animal, or plant health to achieve early detection and warning, contribute to overall situational awareness of the health aspects of an incident, and to enable better decision making at all levels.  (JP 4-02)
blister agent - A chemical agent that injures the eyes and lungs, and burns or blisters the
skin.  Also called **vesicant agent.**  (JP 3-11)
blood agent - A chemical compound, including the cyanide group, that affects bodily
functions by preventing the normal utilization of oxygen by body tissues.  (JP 3-11)
blood chit - A small sheet of material depicting an American flag and a statement in
several languages to the effect that anyone assisting the bearer to safety will be rewarded.  See also **evasion aid.**  (JP 3-50)
board - An organized group of individuals within a headquarters, appointed and tasked
by the commander (or other authority), that meets with the purpose of gaining
guidance or decision.  (JP 3-33)
boat group - The basic organization of landing craft.  (JP 3-02)
boat lane - A lane for amphibious assault landing craft, which extends from the line of
departure to the beach.  (JP 3-02)
boat space - The space and weight factor used in planning for one person with individual
equipment to determine overall ship-to-shore movement requirements for boats, landing craft, and amphibious vehicles.  (JP 3-02)
bona fides - 1. In personnel recovery, the use of verbal or visual communication by
individuals who are unknown to one another, to establish their authenticity, sincerity,
honesty, and truthfulness.  See also **evasion; recovery; recovery operations.**  (JP 3-50)
2. The lack of fraud or deceit: a determination that a person is who he/she says he/she is.
(JP 2-01.2)
boost phase - That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile or space vehicle during
which the booster and sustainer engines operate.  See also midcourse phase; terminal phase.  (JP 3-01)
bottom mine - A mine with negative buoyancy that remains on the seabed.  See also
mine.  (JP 3-15)
boundary - A line that delineates surface areas for the purpose of facilitating
coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas.  (JP 3-0)
branch - 1. A subdivision of any organization.  2. A geographically separate unit of an
activity, which performs all or part of the primary functions of the parent activity on a smaller scale.  3. An arm or service of the Army.  4. The contingency options built into the base plan used for changing the mission, orientation, or direction of movement of a force to aid success of the operation based on anticipated events, opportunities, or
disruptions caused by enemy actions and reactions.  See also **sequel.**  (JP 5-0)
breakbulk ship - A ship with conventional holds for stowage of breakbulk cargo and a
limited number of containers, below or above deck, and equipped with cargo-handling
gear.  (JP 4-09)
brevity code - A code word, which provides no security, that serves the sole purpose of
shortening of messages rather than the concealment of their content.  (JP 3-09.3)
brigade combat team - A combined arms team that forms the basic building block of
the Army's tactical formations.  Also called **BCT.**  (JP 3-31)
broken stowage - The space lost in the holds of a vessel because of the contour of the
ship, dunnage, ladders, stanchions, and the shape of the cargo.  (JP 3-02)
broken stowage factor - A factor applied to the available space for embarkation, due to
the loss between boxes, between vehicles, around stanchions, and over cargo, that will
vary depending on the type and size of vehicles, type and size of general cargo, training and experience of loading personnel, type of loading, method of stowage, and
configuration of compartments.  (JP 3-02)
buddy aid - Acute medical care (first aid) provided by a nonmedical Service member to
another person.  (JP 4-02)
buffer zone - 1. A defined area controlled by a peace operations force from which
disputing or belligerent forces have been excluded.  Also called **area of separation** in some United Nations operations.  Also called BZ.  See also line of demarcation; peace operations.  (JP 3-07.3)  2. A designated area used for safety in military operations.  (JP 3-01)
building system - A structure assembled from manufactured components designed to
provide a specific building configuration.  (JP 3-34)
bulk cargo - That which is generally shipped in volume where the transportation
conveyance is the only external container; such as liquids, ore, or grain.  (JP 4-01.5)
bulk petroleum product - A liquid petroleum product transported by various means and
stored in tanks or containers having an individual fill capacity greater than 208 liters.
(JP 4-03)
bulk storage - 1. Storage in a warehouse of supplies and equipment in large quantities,
usually in original containers, as distinguished from bin storage.  2. Storage of liquids,
such as petroleum products in tanks, as distinguished from drum or packaged storage. (JP 4-03)
cache - A source of subsistence and supplies, typically containing items such as food,
water, medical items, and/or communications equipment, packaged to prevent damage from exposure and hidden in isolated locations by such methods as burial, concealment, and/or submersion, to support isolated personnel.  See also evader; evasion; recovery; recovery operations.  (JP 3-50)
call sign - Any combination of characters or pronounceable words, which identifies a
communication facility, a command, an authority, an activity, or a unit; used primarily for establishing and maintaining communications.  Also called CS.  (JP 3-50)
campaign - A series of related operations aimed at achieving strategic and operational
objectives within a given time and space.  See also **campaign plan.**  (JP 5-0)
campaign plan - A joint operation plan for a series of related major operations aimed at
achieving strategic or operational objectives within a given time and space.  See also campaign.  (JP 5-0)
canalize - To restrict operations to a narrow zone by use of existing or reinforcing
obstacles or by fire or bombing.  (JP 3-15)
candidate target list - A list of entities submitted by component commanders, appropriate
agencies, or the joint force commander's staff for further development and inclusion on the joint target list, restricted target list, or the no-strike list.  Also called **CTL.**  See also joint integrated prioritized target list; target; target nomination list.  (JP 3-60)
capstone joint publication - The top joint publication in the hierarchy of joint publications
that links joint doctrine to national strategy and the contributions of other United States
Government departments and agencies, multinational partners, and reinforces policy for
command and control.  See also **joint publication; keystone joint publications.**
(CJCSM 5120.01)
cargo increment number - A seven-character alphanumeric field that uniquely describes
a non-unit-cargo entry (line) in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System time-phased force and deployment data.  (JP 3-35)
carrier air wing - Two or more aircraft squadrons formed under one commander for
administrative and tactical control of operations from a carrier.  Also called **CVW.** (JP 3-32)
carrier control zone - The airspace within a circular limit defined by 5 miles horizontal
radius from the carrier, extending upward from the surface to and including 2,500 feet unless otherwise designated for special operations, and is under the cognizance of the air officer during visual meteorological conditions.  (JP 3-52)
carrier strike group - A standing naval task group consisting of a carrier, embarked air
wing, surface combatants, and submarines as assigned in direct support, operating in
mutual support with the task of destroying hostile submarine, surface, and air forces within the group's assigned operational area and striking at targets along hostile shore lines or projecting power inland.  Also called **CSG.**  (JP 3-32)

case fatality rate - As it applies to trauma, a calculation used to measure the lethality of
combat operations for those who are wounded, which compares the number of
personnel killed in action and died of wounds to those wounded in action.  (JP 4-02)
case officer - A professional employee of an intelligence or counterintelligence
organization, who provides directions for an agent operation and/or handling
intelligence assets.  (JP 2-01.2)
casualty - Any person who is lost to the organization by having been declared dead, duty
status - whereabouts unknown, missing, ill, or injured.  (JP 4-02)
casualty evacuation - The unregulated movement of casualties that can include
movement both to and between medical treatment facilities.  Also called **CASEVAC.**
See also **casualty; evacuation; medical treatment facility.**  (JP 4-02)
casualty rate - The number of casualties per 1,000 population at risk.  (DODI 8620.04)
casualty receiving and treatment ship - In amphibious operations, a ship designated to
receive, provide treatment for, and transfer casualties.  Also called **CRTS.**  (JP 3-02)
catastrophic event - Any natural or man-made incident, including terrorism, which
results in extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, infrastructure, environment, economy, national morale,
and/or government functions.  (JP 3-28)
causeway - A craft similar in design to a barge, but longer and narrower, designed to
assist in the discharge and transport of cargo from vessels.  (JP 4-01.6)
causeway launching area - An area located near the line of departure but clear of the
approach lanes to an area located in the inner transport area.  (JP 3-02)
C-day - The unnamed day on which a deployment operation commences or is to
commence.  (JP 5-0)
cell - A subordinate organization formed around a specific process, capability, or activity
within a designated larger organization of a headquarters. (JP 3-33)
center - An enduring, functional organization, with a supporting staff, designed to
perform a joint function within a headquarters.  (JP 3-33)
center of gravity - The source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom
of action, or will to act.  Also called **COG.**  See also **decisive point.**  (JP 5-0)
central control officer - The officer, embarked in the central control ship, designated by
the amphibious task force commander for the overall coordination of the waterborne ship-to-shore movement.  Also called **CCO.**  (JP 3-02)
centralized control - 1. In air defense, the control mode whereby a higher echelon makes
direct target assignments to fire units.  (JP 3-01)  2. In joint air operations, placing within one commander the responsibility and authority for planning, directing, and coordinating a military operation or group/category of operations.  See also decentralized control.  (JP 3-30)
chaff - Radar confusion reflectors, consisting  of thin, narrow metallic strips of various
lengths and frequency responses, which are used to reflect echoes for confusion purposes.  (JP 3-85)
chain of command - The succession of commanding officers from a superior to a
subordinate through which command is exercised.  Also called **command channel.**  (JP 1)
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction - A document containing Chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff policy that does not involve the employment of forces and is applicable to the Joint Staff, Services, National Guard Bureau, defense agencies, and
combatant commands and may be informational to other agencies.  Also called **CJCSI.**
See also **Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual.**  (CJCSM 5120.01)
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual - A document containing procedures for
performing specific tasks that do not involve the employment of forces and is applicable to the Joint Staff, Services, National Guard Bureau, defense agencies, and combatant
commands and may be informational to other agencies.  Also called **CJCSM.**  See also
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction.  (CJCSM 5120.01)
chalk number - The number given to a complete aircraft load and to the transporting
carrier.  (JP 3-36)
change detection - An image enhancement technique that compares two images of the
same area from different time periods and eliminates identical picture elements in order to leave the signatures that have undergone change.  (JP 2-03)
channel airlift - Airlift provided for movement of sustainment cargo, scheduled either
regularly or depending upon volume of workload, between designated ports of embarkation and ports of debarkation over validated contingency or distribution
routes.  (JP 3-36)
chemical agent - A chemical substance that is intended for use in military operations to
kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate mainly through its physiological effects.  See also
chemical warfare; riot control agent.  (JP 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense - Measures taken to minimize
or negate the vulnerabilities to, and/or effects of, a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear hazard or incident.  Also called **CBRN defense.**  (JP 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environment - An operational
environment that includes chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and
hazards and their potential resulting effects.  Also called **CBRN environment.**  (JP 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazard - Chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear elements that could create adverse effects due to an accidental or deliberate release and dissemination.  Also called **CBRN hazard.**  (JP 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear response - In countering weapons of mass
destruction, the activities to attribute responsibility for an event, minimize effects, sustain operations, and support follow on actions.  Also called **CBRN response.**  (JP 3-40)
chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident - Any occurrence, resulting from
the use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons and devices; the
emergence of secondary hazards arising from friendly actions; or the release of toxic industrial materials or biological organisms and substances into the environment, involving the emergence of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards. (JP 3-11)
chemical hazard - Any chemical manufactured, used, transported, or stored that can
cause death or other harm through toxic properties of those materials, including chemical agents and chemical weapons prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention as well as toxic industrial chemicals.  (JP 3-11)
chemical warfare - All aspects of military operations involving the employment of lethal
and incapacitating chemical munitions/agents and the warning and protective measures associated with such offensive operations.  Also called CW.  See also
chemical agent; chemical weapon; riot control agent.  (JP 3-11)
chemical weapon - Together or separately, (a) a toxic chemical and its precursors, except
when intended for a purpose not prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention; (b) a munition or device, specifically designed to cause death or other harm through toxic properties of those chemicals specified in (a), above, which would be released as a result of the employment of such munition or device; (c) any equipment specifically designed for use directly in connection with the employment of munitions or devices specified in (b), above.  See also chemical agent; chemical warfare; riot control agent.  (JP 3-11)
chief of fires - The senior organic fires Army staff officer at division and higher
headquarters level who advises the commander on the best use of available fire support
resources, provides input to necessary orders, and develops and implements the fire support plan.  (JP 3-09)
chief of mission - The principal officer in charge of a diplomatic facility of the United
States, including any individual temporarily assigned to be in charge of such a facility.
Also called **COM.**  (JP 3-08)
chief of staff - The senior or principal member or head of a staff who acts as the controlling
member of a staff for purposes of the coordination of its work or to exercise command in another's name.  Also called **COS.**  (JP 3-33)
civil administration - An administration established by a foreign government in friendly
territory, under an agreement with the government of the area concerned, to exercise
certain authority normally the function of the local government or in hostile territory, occupied by United States forces, where a foreign government exercises executive,
legislative, and judicial authority until an indigenous civil government can be established.
(JP 3-05)
civil affairs - Designated Active Component and Reserve Component forces and units
organized, trained, and equipped specifically to conduct civil affairs operations and to support civil-military operations.  Also called CA.  See also **civil-military operations.** (JP 3-57)
civil affairs operations - Actions planned, coordinated, executed, and assessed to enhance
awareness of, and manage the interaction with, the civil component of the operational environment; identify and mitigate underlying causes of instability within civil society;
and/or involve the application of functional specialty skills normally the responsibility of civil government.  Also called **CAO.**  (JP 3-57)
civil augmentation program - Standing, long-term external support contracts designed to
augment Service logistics capabilities with contracted support in both preplanned and
short-notice contingencies.  Also called **CAP.**  See also contingency; external support contract.  (JP 4-10)
civil authorities - Those elected and appointed officers and employees who constitute the
government of the United States, the governments of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, insular areas, and political subdivisions thereof.  (JP 3-28)
civil authority information support - The use of military information support operations
capabilities to conduct public information dissemination activities to support national security or disaster relief operations within the United States and its territories in support of a lead federal agency.  Also called **CAIS.**  (JP 3-13.2)
civil emergency - Any occasion or instance for which, in the determination of the
President, federal assistance is needed to supplement state and local efforts and capabilities to save lives and to protect property and public health and safety or to lessen
or avert the threat of a catastrophe in any part of the United States.  (JP 3-28)
civil information - Relevant data relating to the civil areas, structures, capabilities,
organizations, people, and events of the civil component of the operational environment
used to support the situational awareness of the supported commander.  (JP 3-57)
civil information management - Process whereby data relating to the civil component
of the operational environment is gathered, collated, processed, analyzed, produced into information products, and disseminated.  Also called **CIM.**  (JP 3-57)
civil-military medicine - A discipline within operational medicine comprising public
health and medical issues that involve a civil-military interface (foreign or domestic),
including medical defense support of civil authorities, medical elements of security cooperation activities, and medical civil-military operations.  (JP 4-02)
civil-military operations - Activities of a commander performed by designated military
forces that establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between military forces and
indigenous populations and institutions by directly supporting the achievement of objectives relating to the reestablishment or maintenance of stability within a region or host nation.  Also called **CMO.**  See also **civil affairs; operation.**  (JP 3-57)
civil-military operations center - An organization, normally comprised of civil affairs,
established to plan and facilitate coordination of activities of the Armed Forces of the
United States within indigenous populations and institutions, the private sector,
international organizations, nongovernmental organizations, multinational forces, and other governmental agencies in support of the commander.  Also called **CMOC.**  See
also **civil-military operations; operation.**  (JP 3-57)
civil-military team - A temporary organization of civilian and military personnel taskorganized to provide an optimal mix of capabilities and expertise to accomplish
specific operational and planning tasks.  (JP 3-57)
civil reconnaissance - A targeted, planned, and coordinated observation and evaluation
of specific civil aspects of the environment such as areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, or events.  Also called CR.  (JP 3-57)
Civil Reserve Air Fleet - A program in which the Department of Defense contracts for
the services of specific aircraft, owned by a United States entity or citizen, during
national emergencies and defense-oriented situations when expanded civil
augmentation of military airlift activity is required.  Also called **CRAF.**  See also
reserve.  (JP 3-36)
civil search and rescue - Search and/or rescue operations and associated civilian services
provided to assist persons in potential or actual distress and protect property in a
nonhostile environment.  Also called **civil SAR.**  (JP 3-50)
clandestine - Any activity or operation sponsored or conducted by governmental
departments or agencies with the intent to assure secrecy and concealment.  (JP 2-01.2)
clandestine operation - An operation sponsored or conducted by governmental
departments or agencies in such a way as to assure secrecy or concealment.  See also
covert operation; overt operation.  (JP 3-05)
classes of supply - The ten categories into which supplies are grouped to facilitate supply
management and planning.  I. Rations and gratuitous issue of health, morale, and welfare items.  II. Clothing, individual equipment, tentage, tool sets, and administrative and housekeeping supplies and equipment.  III. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants.  IV. Construction materials.  V. Ammunition.  VI. Personal demand items.
VII. Major end items, including tanks, helicopters, and radios.  VIII. Medical.  IX.
Repair parts and components for equipment maintenance.  X. Nonstandard items to support nonmilitary programs such as agriculture and economic development.  See also **petroleum, oils, and lubricants.**  (JP 4-09)
classification - The determination that official information requires, in the interests of
national security, a specific degree of protection against unauthorized disclosure, coupled with a designation signifying that such a determination has been made.  (JP 2-01.2)
classified information - Official information that has been determined to require, in the
interests of national security, protection against unauthorized disclosure and which has been so designated.  (JP 2-01.2)
clearance capacity - An estimate expressed in agreed upon units of cargo measurement
per day of the cargo or people that may be transported inland from a beach or port over the available means of inland communication, including roads, railroads, airlift, and inland waterways.  See also **throughput capacity.**  (JP 4-01.5)
clearance decontamination - The final level of decontamination that provides the
decontamination of equipment and personnel to a level that allows unrestricted transportation, maintenance, employment, and disposal.  (JP 3-11)
clearing operation - An operation designed to clear or neutralize all mines and obstacles
from a route or area.  (JP 3-15)
climate change - Variations in average weather conditions that persist over multiple
decades or longer that encompass increases and decreases in temperature, shifts in
precipitation, and changing risk of certain types of severe weather events. (DODD 4715.21)
close air support - Air action by aircraft against hostile targets that are in close proximity
to friendly forces and that require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces.  Also called **CAS.**  See also **air interdiction.**  (JP 3-09.3)
close-range ballistic missile - A land-based ballistic missile with a range capability up
to 300 nautical miles.  (JP 3-01)
close support - The action of the supporting force against targets or objectives that are
sufficiently near the supported force as to require detailed integration or coordination
of the supporting action.  See also direct support; general support; mutual support;
support.  (JP 3-31)

close support area - Those parts of the ocean operating areas nearest to, but not
necessarily in, the objective area.  (JP 3-02)
closure - In transportation, the process of a unit's arriving at a specified location.
(JP 4-01.5)
code word - 1. A word that has been assigned a classification and a classified meaning
to safeguard intentions and information regarding a classified plan or operation.  2. A cryptonym used to identify sensitive intelligence data.  (JP 3-50)
collateral damage - A form of collateral effect that causes unintentional or incidental injury
or damage to persons or objects that would not be lawful military targets in the circumstances ruling at the time.  (JP 3-60)
collateral effect - Unintentional or incidental effect to objects that would not be lawful
military targets in the circumstances ruling at the time.  (JP 3-60)
collection - In intelligence usage, the acquisition of information and the provision of this
information to processing elements.  See also **intelligence process.**  (JP 2-01)
collection agency - Any individual, organization, or unit that has access to sources of
information and the capability of collecting information from them.  See also **agency.**
(JP 2-01)
collection asset - A collection system, platform, or capability that is supporting, assigned,
or attached to a particular commander.  See also **collection.**  (JP 2-01)
collection management - In intelligence usage, the process of converting intelligence
requirements into collection requirements, establishing priorities, tasking or
coordinating with appropriate collection sources or agencies, monitoring results, and retasking, as required.  See also collection; collection requirement; collection
requirements management; intelligence; intelligence process.  (JP 2-0)
collection manager - An individual with responsibility for the timely and efficient
tasking of organic collection resources and the development of requirements for theater and national assets that could satisfy specific information needs in support of the mission.  Also called **CM.**  See also **collection.**  (JP 2-01)
collection operations management - The authoritative direction, scheduling, and
control of specific collection operations and associated processing, exploitation, and reporting resources.  Also called **COM.**  See also collection management; collection requirements management.  (JP 2-0)
collection plan - A systematic scheme to optimize the employment of all available
collection capabilities and associated processing, exploitation, and dissemination
resources to satisfy specific information requirements.  See also information requirements; intelligence process.  (JP 2-0)

collection planning - A continuous process that coordinates and integrates the efforts of
all collection units and agencies.  See also **collection.**  (JP 2-0)
collection posture - The current status of collection assets and resources to satisfy
identified information requirements.  (JP 2-0)
collection requirement - A valid need to close a specific gap in intelligence holdings in
direct response to a request for information.  (JP 2-0)
collection requirements management - The authoritative development and control of
collection, processing, exploitation, and/or reporting requirements that normally result
in either the direct tasking of requirements to units over which the commander has
authority, or the generation of tasking requests to collection management authorities
at a higher, lower, or lateral echelon to accomplish the collection mission.  Also called CRM.  See also collection; collection management; collection operations management.  (JP 2-0)
collection requirements matrix - A worksheet that compiles collection requirements to
inform the initial integrated collection planning efforts and links priority intelligence
requirements, their associated essential elements of information, and related indicators
to supporting specific information requirements.  Also called **CRMx.**  (JP 2-01)
collection resource - A collection system, platform, or capability that is not supporting,
assigned, or attached to a specific unit or echelon which must be requested and coordinated through the chain of command.  See also **collection management.**  (JP 2-01)
collection strategy - An analytical approach used by collection managers to determine which
intelligence disciplines can be applied to satisfy information requirements.  (JP 2-0)
collective protection - The protection provided to a group of individuals that permits
relaxation of individual chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear protection. Also called **COLPRO.**  (JP 3-11)
colored beach - That portion of usable coastline sufficient for the assault landing of a
regimental landing team or similar-sized unit.  See also **numbered beach.**  (JP 3-02)
combat air patrol - An aircraft patrol provided over an objective area, the force
protected, the critical area of a combat zone, or in an air defense area, for the purpose of intercepting and destroying hostile aircraft before they reach their targets.  Also called **CAP.**  See also airborne alert; barrier combat air patrol; rescue combat air
patrol.  (JP 3-01)
combat and operational stress - The expected and predictable emotional, intellectual,
physical, and/or behavioral reactions of an individual who has been exposed to
stressful events in military operations.  (JP 4-02)
combat and operational stress control - Programs developed and actions taken by
military leadership to prevent, identify, and manage adverse combat and operational stress reactions in units; optimize mission performance; conserve fighting strength; prevent or minimize adverse effects of combat and operational stress on members' physical, psychological, intellectual, and social health; and to return the unit or Service member to duty expeditiously.  Also called **COSC.**  (JP 4-02)
combatant command - A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission
under a single commander established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.  Also called **CCMD.**  See also specified combatant command; unified command.  (JP 1)
combatant command chaplain - The senior chaplain assigned to the staff of, or
designated by, the combatant commander to provide advice on religion, ethical, and
moral issues and morale of assigned personnel and to coordinate religious ministries
within the combatant commander's area of responsibility.  (JP 3-0)
combatant command (command authority) - Nontransferable command authority,
which cannot be delegated, of a combatant commander to perform those functions of
command over assigned forces involving organizing and employing commands and
forces; assigning tasks; designating objectives; and giving authoritative direction over all
aspects of military operations, joint training, and logistics necessary to accomplish the
missions assigned to the command.  Also called **COCOM.**  See also combatant command; combatant commander; operational control; tactical control.  (JP 1)
combatant commander - A commander of one of the unified or specified combatant
commands established by the President.  Also called **CCDR.**  See also combatant
command; specified combatant command; unified command.  (JP 3-0)
combatant commander logistics procurement support board - A combatant
commander-level joint board established to ensure contracting support and other sources of support are properly synchronized across the entire area of responsibility. Also called **CLPSB.**  See also joint requirements review board; joint contracting support board.  (JP 4-10)
combatant command support agent - The Secretary of a Military Department to whom
the Secretary of Defense or the Deputy Secretary of Defense has assigned administrative and logistical support of the headquarters of a combatant command, United States Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command, or subordinate
unified command.  The nature and scope of the combatant command support agent
responsibilities, functions, and authorities shall be prescribed at the time of assignment or in keeping with existing agreements and practices, and they shall remain in effect until the Secretary of Defense or the Deputy Secretary of Defense revokes, supersedes, or modifies them.  (DODD 5100.03)
combat assessment - The determination of the overall effectiveness of force employment
during military operations.  Also called CA.  See also battle damage assessment;
munitions effectiveness assessment; reattack recommendation.  (JP 3-60)
combat camera - Specially-trained expeditionary forces from Service-designated units
capable of providing high-quality directed visual information during military operations.  Also called **COMCAM.**  See also **visual information.**  (JP 3-61)
combat cargo officer - A Marine Corps embarkation/mobility officer permanently assigned
to amphibious warfare ships or naval staffs as an adviser to, and representative of, the
naval commander in matters pertaining to embarkation and debarkation of troops and their
supplies and equipment.  See also **embarkation officer.**  (JP 3-02)
combat engineering - Engineering capabilities and activities that directly support the
maneuver of land combat forces that require close and integrated support.  (JP 3-34)
combat identification - The process of attaining an accurate characterization of detected
objects in the operational environment sufficient to support an engagement decision. Also called **CID.**  (JP 3-09)
combat information - Unevaluated data, gathered by or provided directly to the tactical
commander which, due to its highly perishable nature or the criticality of the situation,
cannot be processed into tactical intelligence in time to satisfy the user's tactical intelligence requirements.  (JP 2-01)
combating terrorism Actions, including antiterrorism and counterterrorism, taken to
oppose terrorism throughout the competition continuum.  Also called **CbT.**  See also antiterrorism; counterterrorism.  (JP 3-26)
combat lifesaver - Nonmedical Department of Defense person who has received additional
trauma training and equipment, providing enhanced medical treatment beyond selfaid/buddy aid.  (JP 4-02)
combat loading - The arrangement of personnel and the stowage of equipment and
supplies in a manner designed to conform to the anticipated tactical operation of the organization embarked.  (JP 3-02)
combat organizational loading - A method of loading by which a unit with its equipment
and initial supplies is loaded into a single ship, together with other units, in such a manner as to be available for unloading in a predetermined order.  (JP 3-02)
combat power - The total means of destructive and/or disruptive force that a military
unit/formation can apply against the opponent at a given time.  (JP 3-0)
combat search and rescue - The tactics, techniques, and procedures  performed by forces
to effect the recovery of isolated personnel during combat.  Also called **CSAR.**  See also
search and rescue.  (JP 3-50)
combat service support - The essential capabilities, functions, activities, and tasks
necessary to sustain all elements of all operating forces in theater at all levels of warfare. Also called **CSS.**  See also **combat support.**  (JP 4-0)
combat service support area - An area ashore that is organized to contain the necessary
supplies, equipment, installations, and elements to provide the landing force with combat service support throughout the operation.  Also called **CSSA.**  (JP 3-02)
combat spread loading - A method of combat loading by which some of the troops,
equipment, and initial supplies of a unit are loaded in one ship and the remainder are loaded in one or more others.  (JP 3-02)
combat support - Fire support and operational assistance provided to combat elements.
Also called CS.  See also **combat service support.**  (JP 4-0)
combat support agency - A Department of Defense agency so designated by Congress or
the Secretary of Defense that supports military combat operations.  Also called **CSA.** (JP 5-0)
combat surveillance - A continuous, all-weather, day-and-night, systematic watch over the
battle area in order to provide timely information for tactical combat operations.  (JP 3-01)
combat unit loading - A method of loading by which all or a part of a combat unit, such
as an assault battalion landing team, is completely loaded in a single ship, with essential combat equipment and supplies, in such a manner as to be immediately available to support the tactical plan upon debarkation and to provide a maximum of flexibility to
meet possible changes in the tactical plan.  (JP 3-02)
combined - A term identifying two or more forces or agencies of two or more allies
operating together.  See also **joint.**  (JP 3-16)
combined arms team - The full integration and application of two or more arms or
elements of one Service into an operation.  (JP 3-18)
command - 1. The authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over
subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. 2. An order given by a commander; that is, the will of the commander expressed for the purpose of bringing about a particular action. 3. A unit or units, an organization, or an area under the command of one individual.  See also **combatant command; combatant command (command authority).**  (JP 1)
command and control - The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated
commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission.
Also called **C2.**  (JP 1)
command and control system - The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures,
and personnel essential for a commander to plan, direct, and control operations of forces pursuant to the missions assigned.  (JP 6-0)
command chaplain - The senior chaplain assigned to or designated by a commander of a
staff, command, or unit.  (JP 3-0)
commander, amphibious task force - The Navy officer designated in the initiating directive
as the commander of the amphibious task force.  Also called **CATF.**  See also
amphibious operation; amphibious task force; commander, landing force.  (JP 3-02)
commander, landing force - The officer designated in the initiating directive as the
commander of the landing force  for an amphibious operation.  Also called **CLF.**  See
also **amphibious operation; commander, amphibious task force; landing force.**
(JP 3-02)
commander's communication synchronization - A process to coordinate and
synchronize narratives, themes, messages, images, operations, and actions to ensure their integrity and consistency to the lowest tactical level across all relevant communication activities.  Also called **CCS.**  (JP 3-61)
commander's critical information requirement - An information requirement identified
by the commander as being critical to facilitating timely decision making.  Also called CCIR.  See also information requirements; intelligence; priority intelligence requirement.  (JP 3-0)
commander's estimate - The commander's initial assessment in which options are
provided in a concise statement that defines who, what, when, where, why, and how the
course of action will be implemented.  (JP 5-0)
commander's intent - A clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and
the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commander's desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as planned.  See also **assessment; end state.**  (JP 3-0)
commander's required delivery date -  The original date relative to C-day, specified by
the combatant commander for arrival of forces or cargo at the destination; shown in the time-phased force and deployment data to assess the impact of later arrival.  (JP 5-0)
command information - Communication by a military organization directed to the
internal audience that creates an awareness of the organization's goals, informs them of
significant developments affecting them and the organization, increases their effectiveness as ambassadors of the organization, and keeps them informed about what
is going on in the organization.  Also called **internal information.**  See also command; public affairs.  (JP 3-61)
commanding officer of troops - On a ship that has embarked units, a designated
officer (usually the senior embarking unit commander) who is responsible for the
administration, discipline, and training of all embarked units.  Also called **COT.** (JP 3-02)
command net - A communications network that connects an echelon of command
with some or all of its subordinate echelons for the purpose of command and control.  (JP 3-09.3)
command relationships - The interrelated responsibilities between commanders, as well
as the operational authority exercised by commanders in the chain of command; defined further as combatant command (command authority), operational control, tactical control, or support.  See also chain of command; combatant command (command
authority); command; operational control; support; tactical control.  (JP 1)
command-sponsored dependent - A dependent entitled to travel to overseas commands
at government expense and endorsed by the appropriate military commander to be
present in a dependent's status.  (JP 3-68)
commit - The process of assigning one or more aircraft or surface-to-air missile units to
prepare to engage an entity, prior to authorizing such engagement.  (JP 3-01)
commodity loading A method of loading in which various types of cargoes are loaded
together, such as ammunition, rations, or boxed vehicles, in order that each commodity can be discharged without disturbing the others.  See also **combat loading.**  (JP 3-02)
commonality - A quality that applies to materiel or systems:  (1) possessing like and
interchangeable characteristics enabling each to be utilized, or operated and maintained, by personnel trained on the others without additional specialized training; (2) having
interchangeable repair parts and/or components; and (3) applies to consumable items interchangeably equivalent without adjustment.  (JP 6-0)
common item - 1. Any item of materiel that is required for use by more than one activity.
2. A term loosely used to denote any consumable item except repair parts or other technical items.  3. Any item of materiel that is procured for, owned by (Service stock), or used by any Military Department of the Department of Defense and is also required to be furnished to a recipient country under the grant-aid Military Assistance Program. 4. Readily available commercial items.  5. Items used by two or more Military Services
of similar manufacture or fabrication that may vary between the Services as to color or shape (as vehicles or clothing).  6. Any part or component that is required in the
assembly of two or more complete end-items.  (JP 4-01.5)
common operational picture - A single identical display of relevant information shared
by more than one command that facilitates collaborative planning and assists all echelons to achieve situational awareness.  Also called **COP.**  (JP 3-0)
common servicing - Functions performed by one Service in support of another for which
reimbursement is not required.  (JP 3-34)
common tactical picture - An accurate and complete display of relevant tactical data that
integrates tactical information from the multi-tactical data link network, ground network, intelligence network, and sensor networks.  Also called **CTP.**  (JP 3-01)
common use - Services, materiel, or facilities provided by a Department of Defense agency
or a Military Department on a common basis for two or more Department of Defense
agencies, elements, or other organizations as directed.  (JP 4-01.5)
common-user airlift service - The common-user transportation service provided by air
mobility forces.  (JP 3-36)
common-user item - An item of an interchangeable nature that is in common use by two
or more nations or Services of a nation.  (JP 4-0)
common-user land transportation - Point-to-point land transportation service operated
by a single Service for common use by two or more Services.  Also called **CULT**. (JP 4-01.5)
common-user logistics - Materiel or service support shared with or provided by two
or more Services, Department of Defense agencies, or multinational partners to
another Service, Department of Defense agency, non-Department of Defense agency, and/or multinational partner in an operation.  Also called **CUL.**  See also
common use.  (JP 4-09)
common-user ocean terminal - A military installation, part of a military installation, or a
commercial facility operated under contract or arrangement by the Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command that regularly provides for two or more Services terminal functions of receipt, transit storage or staging, processing, and loading
and unloading of passengers or cargo aboard ships.  (JP 3-36)
common-user sealift - The common-user transportation services provided by the Military
Sealift Command.  See also Military Sealift Command; transportation component command.  (JP 3-36)
common-user transportation - Transportation and transportation services available to two
or more Department of Defense components and, as authorized, non-Department of Defense organizations, at the same time.  See also **common use.**  (JP 3-36)
communications intelligence - Technical information and intelligence derived from
foreign communications by other than the intended recipients.  Also called **COMINT.** (JP 2-0)
communications network - An organization of stations capable of intercommunications,
but not necessarily on the same channel.  Also called **COMNET.**  (JP 6-0)
communications security - Actions designed to deny unauthorized persons
information of value by safeguarding access to, or observation of, equipment, material, and documents with regard to the possession and study of
telecommunications or to purposely mislead unauthorized persons in their
interpretation of the results of such possession and study.  Also called **COMSEC.**
(JP 6-0)
communications security material - All documents, devices, equipment, apparatus, and
cryptomaterial used in establishing or maintaining secure communications.  (JP 4-01.6)
community engagement - Public affairs activities that support the relationship between
military and civilian communities.  (JP 3-61)
competing observable - Within military deception, any observable that contradicts the
deception story, casts doubt on, or diminishes the impact of one or more required or supporting observables. (JP 3-13.4)
completeness The plan review criterion for assessing whether operation plans incorporate
major operations and tasks to be accomplished and to what degree they include forces
required, deployment concept, employment concept, sustainment concept, time estimates for achieving objectives, description of the military end state, mission success criteria,
and mission transition criteria.  (JP 5-0)
complex catastrophe - Any natural or man-made incident, including cyberspace attack,
power grid failure, and terrorism, which results in cascading failures of multiple,
interdependent, critical, life-sustaining infrastructure sectors and caused extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, environment, economy, public health, national morale, response efforts, and/or government functions.  (JP 3-28)
component - 1. One of the subordinate organizations that constitute a joint force.  (JP 1)
2. In logistics, a part or combination of parts having a specific function, which can be
installed or replaced only as an entity.  See also functional component command; Service component command.  (JP 4-0)
component-owned container - A 20- or 40-foot International Organization for
Standardization container procured and owned by a single Department of Defense component.  Also called **Service-unique container.**  (JP 4-09)
composite warfare commander - An officer to whom the officer in tactical command
of a naval task organization may delegate authority to conduct some or all of the
offensive and defensive functions of the force.  Also called **CWC.**  (JP 3-32)
compromise - The known or suspected exposure of clandestine personnel, installations,
or other assets or of classified information or material, to an unauthorized person. (JP 2-01.2)
concept of intelligence operations - Within the Department of Defense, a verbal or
graphic statement, in broad outline, of an intelligence directorate's assumptions or intent in regard to intelligence support of an operation or series of operations.  See also
concept of operations.  (JP 2-0)
concept of logistics support - A verbal or graphic statement, in a broad outline, of how
a commander intends to support and integrate with a concept of operations in an operation or campaign.  Also called **COLS.**  (JP 4-0)
concept of operations - A verbal or graphic statement that clearly and concisely
expresses what the commander intends to accomplish and how it will be done using available resources.  Also called **CONOPS.**  (JP 5-0)
concept plan - An operation plan in an abbreviated format that may require considerable
expansion or alteration to convert it into a complete operation plan or operation order. Also called **CONPLAN.**  See also **operation plan.**  (JP 5-0)
condition - 1. Those variables of an operational environment or situation in which a unit,
system, or individual is expected to operate and may affect performance.  2. A physical or behavioral state of a system that is required for the achievement of an objective. See also **joint mission-essential tasks.**  (JP 3-0)
conduits - Within military deception, information or intelligence gateways to the deception
target, such as foreign intelligence entities, intelligence collection platforms, opensource intelligence, and foreign and domestic news media.  (JP 3-13.4)
configuration management - A discipline applying technical and administrative
direction and surveillance to: (1) identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a configuration item, (2) control changes to those characteristics, and
(3) record and report changes to processing and implementation status.  (JP 6-0)
conflict prevention - A peace operation employing complementary diplomatic, civil,
and, when necessary, military means to monitor and identify the causes of conflict and take timely action to prevent the occurrence, escalation, or resumption of hostilities. (JP 3-07.3)
consolidation area - The portion of the land commander's operational area that may be
designated to facilitate freedom of action, consolidate gains, and set conditions to transition to follow on forces or other legitimate authorities.  (JP 3-31)
constellation - A system consisting of a number of like satellites acting in concert to
perform a specific mission.  See also **Global Positioning System.**  (JP 3-14)
constraint - In the context of planning, a requirement placed on the command by a higher
command that dictates an action, thus restricting freedom of action.  See also limitation;
restraint.  (JP 5-0)
consumer - A person or agency that uses information or intelligence produced by either its
own staff or other agencies.  (JP 2-01)
consumption rate - The average quantity of an item consumed or expended during a given
time interval, expressed in quantities by the most appropriate unit of measurement per applicable stated basis.  (JP 4-05)
contact mine - A mine detonated by physical contact.  See also **mine.**  (JP 3-15)
contact point - 1. In land warfare, a point on the terrain, easily identifiable, where two or
more units are required to make contact.  (JP 3-50)  2. In air operations, the position at which a mission leader makes radio contact with an air control agency.  (JP 3-09.3)  3. In personnel recovery, a location where isolated personnel can establish contact with recovery forces.  Also called CP.  See also **control point.**  (JP 3-50)
contact procedure - Predesignated actions taken by isolated personnel and recovery
forces that permit link-up between the two parties in hostile territory.  See also **evader.**
(JP 3-50)
container - An article of transport equipment that meets American National Standards
Institute/International Organization for Standardization standards that is designed to
facilitate and optimize the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transportation
without intermediate handling of the contents.  (JP 4-01)
container control officer - A designated official (E-6 or above or civilian equivalent)
within a command, installation, or activity who is responsible for control, reporting, use, and maintenance of all Department of Defense-owned and -controlled
intermodal containers and equipment from the time received until dispatched.  Also called **CCO.**  (JP 4-09)
container-handling equipment - Items of materials-handling equipment required to
specifically receive, maneuver, and dispatch International Organization for Standardization containers.  Also called **CHE.**  (JP 4-09)
container management - Planning, organizing, directing, and executing functions and
responsibilities required to provide effective use of Department of Defense- and Military Department-owned,
-leased,
or
-controlled
International
Organization
for
Standardization containers.  (JP 4-09)
containership - A ship, usually without shipboard-installed cranes for loading/offloading containers, specially constructed and equipped to carry only containers without associated equipment, in all available cargo spaces, either below or above deck.  (JP 4-09)
contaminated human remains - Human remains of personnel which have absorbed or
upon which have been deposited radioactive material, or biological or chemical agents.
See also **mortuary affairs.**  (JP 4-0)
contamination - 1. The deposit, absorption, or adsorption of radioactive material or of
biological or chemical agents on or by structures, areas, personnel, or objects.  Also
called **fallout radiation.**  2. Food and/or water made unfit for consumption by humans or animals because of the presence of environmental chemicals, radioactive elements, bacteria or organisms, the byproduct of the growth of bacteria or organisms, or the decomposing material or waste in the food or water.  (JP 3-11)
contamination avoidance - Individual and/or unit measures taken to reduce the effects of
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards.  (JP 3-11)
contamination control - A combination of preparatory and responsive measures
designed to limit the vulnerability of forces to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and toxic industrial hazards and to avoid, contain, control exposure to, and, where possible, neutralize them.  See also biological agent; chemical agent; contamination.  (JP 3-11)
contamination mitigation - The planning and actions taken to prepare for, respond to, and
recover from contamination associated with all chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards to continue military operations.  (JP 3-11)
contiguous zone - 1. A maritime zone adjacent to the territorial sea that may not extend
beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea
is measured.  2. The zone of the ocean extending 3-12 nautical miles from the United States coastline.  (JP 3-32)
continental United States - United States territory, including the adjacent territorial waters,
located within North America between Canada and Mexico.  Also called **CONUS.**  (JP 1)
contingency - A situation requiring military operations in response to natural disasters,
terrorists, subversives, or as otherwise directed by appropriate authority to protect United States interests.  (JP 5-0)
contingency basing - The life-cycle process to plan; design; construct; operate; manage;
and transition, transfer, or close a non-enduring location supporting a combatant commander's requirement.  (JP 4-04)
contingency contract administration services - A subset of contingency contracting that
includes efforts to ensure supplies, services, and construction are delivered in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract through delegated contracting authority.  Also called **CCAS.**  (JP 4-10)
contingency contracting - The process of obtaining goods, services, and construction via
contracting means in support of contingency operations.  See also **contingency.** (JP 4-10)
contingency contracting officer - A military or emergency-essential government civilian
contracting officer in a position that is intended to provide contracting services in a deployed environment.  (JP 4-10)
contingency engineering management organization - An organization formed by the
combatant commander, or subordinate commander to augment their staffs with additional Service engineering expertise for planning and construction management. See also **combat engineering; contingency; geospatial engineering.**  (JP 3-34)
contingency location - A non-enduring location outside of the United States that supports
and sustains operations during contingencies or other operations and is categorized by mission life-cycle requirements as initial, temporary, or semipermanent.  (JP 4-04)
contingency operation - A military operation that is either designated by the Secretary of
Defense as a contingency operation or becomes a contingency operation as a matter of law (Title 10, United States Code, Section 101[a][13]).  See also contingency; operation.  (JP 1)
contingency plan - A branch of a campaign plan that is planned based on hypothetical
situations for designated threats, catastrophic events, and contingent missions outside of crisis conditions.  See also joint planning.  (JP 5-0)
contingency zip Code - A temporary unique postal code assigned by the Military Postal
Service Agency to assist in routing and sorting mail to a contingency post office for the tactical use of the Armed Forces of the United States on a temporary basis. (JP 1-0)
continuity of operations - The degree or state of being continuous in the conduct of
functions, tasks, or duties necessary to accomplish a military action or mission in carrying out the national military strategy.  Also called **COOP.**  (JP 3-0)
contracting officer - A Service member or Department of Defense civilian with the legal
authority to enter into, administer, modify, and/or terminate contracts.  (JP 4-10)
contracting officer's representative - An individual designated in writing by the
contracting officer to perform specific technical or administrative functions.  Also called **COR.**  (JP 4-10)
contracting support - The planning, coordination, and execution of contracting
authority to legally bind contractors in support of military operations.  (JP 4-10)
contractor management - The oversight and integration of contractor personnel and
associated equipment in support of military operations.  (JP 4-10)
contractor personnel accountability - The process of identifying, capturing, and
recording the personally identifiable information and assigned primary duty location of
an individual contractor employee through the use of a designated database.  (JP 4-10)
contractors authorized to accompany the force - Contractor employees and all tiers of
subcontractor employees who are authorized to accompany the force in applicable
contingency operations outside of the United States and have afforded such status through the issuance of a letter of authorization.  Also called **CAAF.**  (JP 4-10)
contract support integration - The planning, coordination, and synchronization of
contracted support in military operations.  (JP 4-10)
control - 1. Authority that may be less than full command exercised by a commander over
part of the activities of subordinate or other organizations.  (JP 1)  2. In mapping, charting, and photogrammetry, a collective term for a system of marks or objects on the Earth or on a map or a photograph, whose positions or elevations (or both) have been or will be determined.  (JP 2-03)  3. Physical or psychological pressures exerted with the
intent to assure that an agent or group will respond as directed.  (JP 3-0)  4. In
intelligence usage, an indicator governing the distribution and use of documents, information, or material.  See also administrative control; operational control; tactical control.  (JP 2-01)

control area - A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the
Earth.  See also **control zone.**  (JP 3-02)
control group - Personnel and ships designated to control the surface ship-to-shore
movement. (JP 3-02)
controlled information - 1. Information conveyed to an adversary in a deception operation
to evoke desired appreciations.  2. Information and indicators deliberately conveyed or denied to foreign targets to evoke invalid official estimates that result in foreign official actions advantageous to United States interests and objectives.  (JP 2-01.2)
controlled substance - A drug or other substance, or immediate precursor, included in
Schedule I, II, III, IV, or V of the Controlled Substances Act.  (JP 3-07.4)
controlled technical services - The controlled use of technology to enhance
counterintelligence and human intelligence activities.  Also called **CTS.**  (JP 2-01.2)
control point - 1. A position along a route of march at which personnel are stationed to give
information and instructions for the regulation of supply or traffic.  2. A position marked
by coordinates (latitude, longitude), a buoy, boat, aircraft, electronic device, conspicuous
terrain feature, or other identifiable object, which is given a name or number and used as
an aid to navigation or control of ships, boats, or aircraft.  3. In marking mosaics, a point located by ground survey with which a corresponding point on a photograph is matched
as a check.  Also called CP.  (JP 3-09.3)
control zone - A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the Earth to a
specified upper limit.  See also **control area.**  (JP 3-52)
conventional forces - 1. Those forces capable of conducting operations using nonnuclear
weapons. 2. Those forces other than designated special operations forces.  Also called CF.  (JP 3-05)
convoy - 1. A number of merchant ships and/or naval auxiliaries usually escorted by
warships and/or aircraftor a single merchant ship or naval auxiliary under surface
escortassembled and organized for the purpose of passage together.  2. A group of vehicles organized for the purpose of control and orderly movement with or without
escort protection that moves over the same route at the same time and under one commander.  (JP 3-02)
convoy escort - 1. A naval ship(s) or aircraft in company with a convoy and responsible
for its protection.  2. An escort to protect a convoy of vehicles from being scattered,
destroyed, or captured.  (JP 4-01.5)
cooperative security location - A facility located outside the United States and its
territories with little or no permanent United States presence that is maintained by
periodic Service, contractor, or host nation support.  Also called **CSL.**  See also forward operating site; main operating base.  (JP 4-04)
coordinated fire line - A line beyond which conventional surface-to-surface direct fire and
indirect fire support means may fire at any time within the boundaries of the establishing headquarters without additional coordination but does not eliminate the responsibility to coordinate the airspace required to conduct the mission.  Also called **CFL.**  See also
fire support.  (JP 3-09)
coordinating agency - An agency that supports the incident management mission by
providing the leadership, staff, expertise, and authorities to implement critical and specific aspects of the response.  (JP 3-28)
coordinating altitude - An airspace coordinating measure that uses altitude to separate
users and as the transition between different airspace control elements.  Also called CA.
(JP 3-52)
coordinating authority - The commander or individual who has the authority to require
consultation between the specific functions or activities involving forces of two or more
Services, joint force components, or forces of the same Service or agencies, but does not have the authority to compel agreement.  (JP 1)
coordinating review authority - In joint doctrine development and maintenance, an agency
appointed by the Joint Staff, a Service, a combatant command, or a combat support agency to coordinate with and assist the lead agent, primary review authority, Joint Staff doctrine
sponsor, and assessment agent.  Also called **CRA.**  See also joint doctrine; joint
publication; lead agent; primary review authority.  (CJCSM 5120.01)
coordination level - A procedural method to separate fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft by
determining an altitude below which fixed-wing aircraft normally will not fly.  Also
called CL.  (JP 3-52)
cost-type contract - A contract that provides for payment to the contractor of allowable
costs, to the extent prescribed in the contract, incurred in performance of the contract. (JP 4-10)
counterair - A mission at the theater level that integrates offensive and defensive
operations to attain and maintain a desired degree of control of the air and protection by neutralizing or destroying enemy aircraft and missiles, both before and after launch.  See
also **air superiority; mission; offensive counterair.**  (JP 3-01)
counterdeception - Efforts to negate, neutralize, diminish the effects of, or gain advantage
from a foreign deception operation.  (JP 3-13.4)
counterdrug - Those active measures taken to detect, monitor, and counter the production,
trafficking, and use of illicit drugs.  Also called CD.  (JP 3-07.4)
counterdrug activities - Those measures taken to detect, interdict, disrupt, or curtail any
activity that is reasonably related to illicit drug trafficking.  (JP 3-07.4)
counterdrug operational support - Support to host nations and drug law enforcement
agencies involving military personnel and their associated equipment, provided by the geographic combatant commanders from forces assigned to them or made available to
them by the Services for this purpose.  See also **counterdrug operations.**  (JP 3-07.4)
counterdrug operations - Civil or military actions taken to  reduce or eliminate illicit drug
trafficking. See also **counterdrug; counterdrug operational support.**  (JP 3-07.4)
counterespionage - That aspect of counterintelligence designed to detect, destroy,
neutralize, exploit, or prevent espionage activities through identification, penetration, manipulation, deception, and repression of individuals, groups, or organizations
conducting or suspected of conducting espionage activities.  (JP 2-01.2)
counterfire - Fire intended to destroy or neutralize enemy weapons.  (JP 3-09)
counterguerrilla operations - Activities conducted by security forces against the armed
paramilitary wing of an insurgency.  (JP 3-24)
countering threat networks - The aggregation of activities across the Department of
Defense and United States Government departments and agencies that identifies and neutralizes, degrades, disrupts, or defeats designated threat networks.  Also called
CTN.  (JP 3-25)
countering weapons of mass destruction - Efforts against actors of concern to curtail the
conceptualization, development, possession, proliferation, use, and effects of weapons of mass destruction, related expertise, materials, technologies, and means of delivery. Also called **CWMD.**  (JP 3-40)
counterinsurgency - Comprehensive civilian and military efforts designed to
simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes.  Also called COIN.  (JP 3-24)
counterintelligence - Information gathered and activities conducted to identify, deceive,
exploit, disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons or their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities.  Also called CI.  See also **counterespionage; security.**  (JP 2-01.2)
counterintelligence activities - One or more of the five functions of counterintelligence:
operations, investigations, collection, analysis and production, and functional
services.  See also analysis and production; collection; counterintelligence; operation.  (JP 2-01.2)
counterintelligence investigations - Formal investigative activities undertaken to
determine whether a particular person is acting for or on behalf of, or an event is related
to, a foreign power engaged in spying or committing espionage, sabotage, treason, sedition, subversion, assassinations, or international terrorist activities, and to determine actions required to neutralize such acts.  See also **counterintelligence.**  (JP 2-01.2)

counterintelligence operational tasking authority - The levying of counterintelligence
requirements specific to military activities and operations.  Also called **CIOTA.**  See
also **counterintelligence.**  (JP 2-01.2)
counterintelligence operations - Proactive activities designed to identify, exploit,
neutralize, or deter foreign intelligence collection and terrorist activities directed against
the United States.  See also **counterintelligence; operation.**  (JP 2-01.2)
counterintelligence production - The creation of finished intelligence products
incorporating counterintelligence analysis in response to known or anticipated customer
counterintelligence concerns.  See also **counterintelligence.**  (JP 2-01.2)
counterintelligence support - Conducting counterintelligence activities to protect against
espionage and other foreign intelligence activities, sabotage, international terrorist
activities, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations, or persons.  See also **counterintelligence.**  (JP 2-01.2)
countermeasures - That form of military science that, by the employment of devices
and/or techniques, has as its objective the impairment of the operational effectiveness of enemy activity.  See also **electromagnetic warfare.**  (JP 3-85)
countermobility operations - The construction of obstacles and emplacement of
minefields to delay, disrupt, and destroy the enemy by reinforcement of the terrain.  See also **minefield; operation; target acquisition.**  (JP 3-34)
counterproliferation - Those actions taken to reduce the risks posed by extant weapons of
mass destruction to the United States, allies, and partners.  See also nonproliferation. (JP 3-40)
countersurveillance - All measures, active or passive, taken to counteract hostile
surveillance.  See also **surveillance.**  (JP3-26)
counterterrorism Activities and operations taken to neutralize terrorists and their
organizations and networks to render them incapable of using violence to instill fear and
coerce governments or societies to achieve their goals.  Also called **CT.**  See also antiterrorism; combating terrorism; terrorism.  (JP 3-26)
counter threat finance - Activities conducted to deny, disrupt, destroy, or defeat the
generation, storage, movement, and use of assets to fund activities that support an
adversary's ability to negatively affect United States interests.  Also called CTF. (JP 3-05)
country team - The senior, in-country, United States coordinating and supervising body,
headed by the chief of the United States diplomatic mission, and composed of the senior
member of each represented United States department or agency, as desired by the chief of the United States diplomatic mission.  Also called CT.  (JP 3-07.4)

courier - A messenger (usually a commissioned or warrant officer) responsible for the
secure physical transmission and delivery of documents and material.  (JP 2-01)
course of action - 1. Any sequence of activities that an individual or unit may follow.  2.
A scheme developed to accomplish a mission.  Also called **COA.**  (JP 5-0)
cover - In intelligence usage, the concealment of true identity or organizational affiliation
with assertion of false information as part of, or in support of, official duties to carry out
authorized activities and lawful operations.  (JP 2-01.2)
covert operation - An action of activity that is planned and executed to conceal the identity
of, or permit plausible deniability by, the sponsor.  See also clandestine operation;
overt operation.  (JP 3-05)
crisis - An incident or situation involving a threat to the United States, its citizens, military
forces, or vital interests that develops rapidly and creates a condition of such diplomatic, economic, or military importance that commitment of military forces and resources is contemplated to achieve national objectives.  (JP 3-0)
crisis management - Measures, normally executed under federal law, to identify, acquire,
and plan the use of resources needed to anticipate, prevent, and/or resolve a threat or an act of terrorism.  (JP 3-28)
critical asset - A specific entity that is of such extraordinary importance that its
incapacitation or destruction would have a very serious, debilitating effect on the ability
of a nation to continue to function effectively.  (JP 3-26)
critical asset list - A prioritized list of assets or areas, normally identified by phase of the
operation and approved by the joint force commander, that should be defended against
air and missile threats.  Also called **CAL.**  (JP 3-01)
critical capability - A means that is considered a crucial enabler for a center of gravity to
function as such and is essential to the accomplishment of the specified or assumed objective(s).  (JP 5-0)
critical information - Specific facts about friendly intentions, capabilities, and activities
needed by adversaries for them to plan and act effectively so as to guarantee failure or
unacceptable consequences for friendly mission accomplishment.  (JP 2-0)
critical infrastructure and key resources - The infrastructure and assets vital to a nation's
security, governance, public health and safety, economy, and public confidence.  Also
called  **CI/KR.**  (JP 3-27)
critical infrastructure protection - Actions taken to prevent, remediate, or mitigate the
man-made or natural risks to critical infrastructure and key assets.  Also called **CIP.**  See also **defense critical infrastructure.**  (JP 3-28)
critical intelligence - Intelligence that is crucial and requires the immediate attention of
the commander.  (JP 2-0)
critical item list - A prioritized list identifying supply items and weapon systems that assist
Service and Defense Logistics Agency selection of supply items and systems for
production surge planning, or in operational situations, used by the combatant
commander and/or subordinate joint force commander to cross-level critical supply items between Service components.  (JP 4-05)
criticality assessment - An assessment that identifies key assets and infrastructure that
support Department of Defense missions, units, or activities and are deemed missioncritical by military commanders or civilian agency managers.  (JP 3-26)
critical joint duty assignment billet - An essential position for an officer trained in and
oriented towards joint matters.  (JP 1-0)
critical requirement - An essential condition, resource, and means for a critical capability
to be fully operational.  (JP 5-0)
critical target element - A feature or part of a target that enables it to perform its primary
function and, if effectively engaged, should create a significant effect on that target.  Also called **CTE.**  (JP 3-60)
critical vulnerability - An aspect of a critical requirement which is deficient or vulnerable
to direct or indirect attack that will create decisive or significant effects.  (JP 5-0)
cross-leveling At the theater strategic and operational levels, it is the process of diverting
en route or in-theater materiel from one military element to meet the higher priority of
another within the combatant commander's directive authority for logistics.  (JP 4-0)
cross-loading - The distribution of leaders, key weapons, personnel, and key equipment
among the aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of a formation to aid rapid assembly of units at the drop zone or landing zone or preclude the total loss of command and control or unit effectiveness if an aircraft, vessel, or vehicle is lost.  (JP 3-36)
cross-servicing - A subset of common-user logistics in which a function is performed by
one Service in support of another Service and for which reimbursement is required from the Service receiving support.  See also acquisition and cross-servicing agreement;
common-user logistics.  (JP 3-16)
cruise missile - A guided and powered missile that flies at constant speed for the majority
of its route and relies upon aerodynamic forces for lift.  Also called CM.  (JP 3-01)
culminating point - The point at which a force no longer has the capability to continue its
form of operations, offense or defense.  (JP 5-0)
current force - The actual force structure and/or manning available to meet present
contingencies.  See also **force.**  (JP 5-0)
custody - 1. The responsibility for the control of, transfer and movement of, access to, and
maintenance of accountability for weapons and components.  2. Temporary restraint of
a person.  3. The detention of a person by lawful authority or process.  (JP 3-63)
customer direct - A materiel acquisition and distribution method that requires vendor
delivery directly to the customer.  Also called **CD.**  (JP 4-09)
customer wait time - The total elapsed time between issuance of a customer order and
satisfaction of that order.  Also called **CWT.**  (JP 4-09)
cyberspace - A global domain within the information environment consisting of the
interdependent networks of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers.  (JP 3-12)
cyberspace attack - Actions taken in cyberspace that create noticeable denial effects (i.e.,
degradation, disruption, or destruction) in cyberspace or manipulation that leads to denial that appears in a physical domain, and is considered a form of fires.  (JP 3-12)
cyberspace capability - A device or computer program, including any combination of
software, firmware, or hardware, designed to create an effect in or through cyberspace. (JP 3-12)
cyberspace defense - Actions taken within protected cyberspace to defeat specific threats
that have breached or are threatening to breach cyberspace security measures and include actions to detect, characterize, counter, and mitigate threats, including malware or the unauthorized activities of users, and to restore the system to a secure configuration.  (JP 3-12)
cyberspace exploitation - Actions taken in cyberspace to gain intelligence, maneuver,
collect information, or perform other enabling actions required to prepare for future military operations.  (JP 3-12)
cyberspace operations - The employment of cyberspace capabilities where the primary
purpose is to achieve objectives in or through cyberspace.  Also called CO.  (JP 3-0)
cyberspace security - Actions taken within protected cyberspace to prevent unauthorized
access to, exploitation of, or damage to computers, electronic communications systems,
and other information technology, including platform information technology, as well
as the information contained therein, to ensure its availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and nonrepudiation.  (JP 3-12)
cyberspace superiority - The degree of dominance in cyberspace by one force that permits the secure, reliable conduct of operations by that force and its related land, air, maritime, and space forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference.  (JP 3-12)


damage assessment - 1. The determination of the effect of engagements on targets.  2. A
determination of the effect of a compromise of classified information on national security.  (JP 3-60)
damage criteria - The critical levels of various weapons effects required to create specified
levels of damage.  (JP 3-60)
dangerous cargo - Cargo that is subject to special regulations for its transport because of
its dangerous properties.  (JP 4-01.5)
data element - 1. A basic unit of information built on standard structures having a unique
meaning and distinct units or values.   2.  In electronic recordkeeping, a combination of characters or bytes referring to one separate item of information.  (JP 1-0)
datum (geodetic) - 1. A reference surface consisting of five quantities: the latitude and
longitude of an initial point, the azimuth of a line from that point, and the parameters of
the reference ellipsoid.  2. The mathematical model of  the Earth used to calculate the coordinates on any map.  Different nations use different datum for printing coordinates on their maps.  (JP 2-03)
D-day - The unnamed day on which a particular operation commences or is to commence.
(JP 3-02)
debarkation - The unloading of troops, equipment, or supplies from a ship or aircraft.
(JP 3-02)
debarkation schedule - A schedule that provides for the timely and orderly debarkation
of troops and equipment and emergency supplies for the waterborne ship-to-shore
movement.  (JP 3-02)
decedent effects - Personal effects found on human remains.  Also called DE.  (JP 4-0)
decentralized control - In air defense, the normal mode whereby a higher echelon
monitors unit actions, making direct target assignments to units only when necessary to
ensure proper fire distribution or to prevent engagement of friendly aircraft.  See also centralized control.  (JP 3-01)
decentralized execution - Delegation of execution authority to subordinate commanders.
(JP 3-30)
deception action - A collection of related deception events that form a major component
of a deception operation.  (JP 3-13.4)
deception concept - The deception course of action forwarded to the Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff for review as part of the combatant commander's strategic
concept.  (JP 3-13.4)
deception event - A deception means executed at a specific time and location in support
of a deception operation.  (JP 3-13.4)
deception goal - Commander's statement of the purpose of military deception as it
contributes to the successful accomplishment of the assigned mission. (JP 3-13.4)
deception means - Methods, resources, and techniques that can be used to convey
information to the deception target.  (JP 3-13.4)
deception objective - The desired result of a deception operation expressed in terms of
what the adversary is to do or not to do at the critical time and/or location.  (JP 3-13.4)
deception story - A scenario that outlines the friendly actions that will be portrayed to
cause the deception target to adopt the desired perception.  (JP 3-13.4)
deception target - The adversary decision maker with the authority to make the decision
that will achieve the deception objective.  (JP 3-13.4)
decision - In an estimate of the situation, a clear and concise statement of the line of action
intended to be followed by the commander as the one most favorable to the successful accomplishment of the assigned mission.  (JP 5-0)
decision point - A point in space and the latest time when the commander or staff anticipates
making a key decision concerning a specific course of action.  See also course of action; decision support template; target area of interest.  (JP 5-0)
decision support template - A combined intelligence and operations graphic based on the
results of wargaming that depicts decision points, timelines associated with movement
of forces and the flow of the operation, and other key items of information required to execute a specific friendly course of action.  Also called **DST.**  See also course of action; decision point.  (JP 2-01.3)
decisive point - Key terrain, key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon,
enables commanders to gain a marked advantage over an enemy or contribute materially
to achieving success.  See also **center of gravity.**  (JP 5-0)
decompression - In personnel recovery, the process of normalizing psychological and
behavioral reactions that recovered isolated personnel experienced or are currently experiencing as a result of their isolation and recovery.  (JP 3-50)
decontamination - The process of making any person, object, or area safe by destroying,
neutralizing, making harmless, or absorbing and removing chemical or biological agents or by removing radioactive material clinging to or around it.  (JP 3-11)
decoy - An imitation in any sense of a person, object, or phenomenon that is intended to
deceive enemy surveillance devices or mislead enemy evaluation.  Also called dummy.
(JP 3-13.4)
defended asset list - A listing of those assets from the critical asset list prioritized by the
joint force commander to be defended with the resources available.  Also called **DAL.** (JP 3-01)
defense coordinating element - Staff and military liaison officers who assist the defense
coordinating officer in facilitating coordination and support to activated emergency
support functions.  Also called **DCE.**  (JP 3-28)
defense coordinating officer - Department of Defense single point of contact for domestic
emergencies who is assigned to a joint field office to process requirements for military support; forward mission assignments through proper channels to the appropriate military organizations; and assign military liaisons, as appropriate, to activated emergency support functions.  Also called **DCO.**  (JP 3-28)
defense critical infrastructure - Department of Defense and non-Department of Defense
networked assets and facilities essential to project, support, and sustain military forces
and operations worldwide.  Also called **DCI.**  (JP 3-27)
defense human intelligence executor - The senior Department of Defense intelligence
official as designated by the head of each of the Department of Defense components who are authorized to conduct human intelligence and related intelligence activities. Also called **DHE.**  (JP 2-01.2)
defense industrial base - The Department of Defense, government, and private sector
worldwide industrial complex with capabilities to perform research and development and design, produce, and maintain military weapon systems, subsystems, components, or parts to meet military requirements.  Also called **DIB.**  (JP 3-27)
Defense Information Systems Network - The integrated network, centrally managed
and configured by the Defense Information Systems Agency, to provide dedicated,
point-to-point, switched voice and data, imagery, and video teleconferencing services for all Department of Defense activities.  Also called **DISN.**  (JP 6-0)
defense institution building - Security cooperation conducted to establish or reform the
capacity and capabilities of a partner nation's defense institutions at the
ministerial/department, military staff, and service headquarters levels.  Also called **DIB.**
(JP 3-20)
Defense Switched Network - The component of the Defense Communications System
that handles Department of Defense voice, data, and video communications.  Also called DSN.  (JP 6-0)
Defense Transportation System - That portion of the worldwide transportation
infrastructure that supports Department of Defense transportation needs.  Also called DTS.  See also **common-user transportation; transportation system.**  (JP 4-01)
defensive counterair - All defensive measures designed to neutralize or destroy enemy
forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace.  Also called **DCA.** See also **counterair; offensive counterair.**  (JP 3-01)
defensive cyberspace operations - Missions to preserve the ability to utilize blue
cyberspace capabilities and protect data, networks, cyberspace-enabled devices, and other designated systems by defeating on-going or imminent malicious cyberspace activity.  Also called **DCO.**  (JP 3-12)
defensive cyberspace operations-internal defensive measures - Operations in which
authorized defense actions occur within the defended portion of cyberspace.  Also called DCO-IDM.  (JP 3-12)
defensive cyberspace operations-response actions - Operations that are part of a
defensive cyberspace operations mission that are taken external to the defended network or portion of cyberspace without the permission of the owner of the affected system. Also called **DCO-RA.**  (JP 3-12)
defensive minefield - 1. In naval mine warfare, a minefield laid in international waters or
international straits with the declared intention of controlling shipping in defense of sea communications.  2. In land mine warfare, a minefield laid in accordance with an
established plan to prevent a penetration between positions and to strengthen the defense
of the positions themselves.  See also **minefield.**  (JP 3-15)
defensive space control - Active and passive measures taken to protect friendly space
capabilities from attack, interference, or unintentional hazards.  Also called **DSC.** (JP 3-14)
defilade - 1. Protection from hostile observation and fire provided by an obstacle such as a
hill, ridge, or bank.  2. A vertical distance by which a position is concealed from enemy
observation.  3. To shield from enemy fire or observation by using natural or artificial
obstacles.  (JP 3-09)
definitive care - Care rendered to conclusively manage a patient's condition, such as full
range of preventive, curative acute, convalescent, restorative, and rehabilitative medical
care.  (JP 4-02)
degaussing - The process whereby a ship's magnetic field is reduced by the use of
electromagnetic coils, permanent magnets, or other means.  (JP 3-15)
delayed entry program - A program under which an individual may enlist in a Reserve
Component of a Service and specify a future reporting date for entry on active duty that would coincide with availability of training spaces and with personal plans.  Also called
DEP.  See also **active duty.**  (JP 4-05)
delegation of authority - The action by which a commander assigns part of his or her
authority, commensurate with the assigned task, to a subordinate commander.  (JP 1)
demobilization - 1. The process of transitioning a conflict or wartime military
establishment and defense-based civilian economy to a peacetime configuration while maintaining national security and economic vitality.  2. The process necessary to release
from active duty, or federal service, units and Reserve Component members who were ordered to active duty or called to federal service.  See also **mobilization.**  (JP 4-05)
demonstration - In military deception, a show of force similar to a feint without actual
contact with the adversary, in an area where a decision is not sought that is made to deceive an adversary.  (JP 3-13.4)
denial measure - An action to hinder or deny the enemy the use of territory, personnel,
or facilities to include destruction, removal, contamination, or erection of obstructions.
(JP 3-15)
denied area - An area under enemy or unfriendly control in which friendly forces cannot
expect to operate successfully within existing operational constraints and force capabilities.  (JP 3-05)
Department of Defense civilian - A federal civilian employee of the Department of
Defense directly hired and paid from appropriated or nonappropriated funds, under permanent or temporary appointment.  (JP 1-0)
Department of Defense components - The Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Military
Departments, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Joint Staff, the combatant commands, the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the Department of Defense agencies, Department of Defense field activities, and all other organizational entities in the Department of Defense.  (JP 1)
Department of Defense construction agent - United States Army Corps of Engineers,
Naval Facilities Engineering Command, or other such approved Department of Defense activity, that is assigned design or execution responsibilities associated with military
construction programs, facilities support, or civil engineering support to the combatant commanders in contingency operations.  See also **contingency operation.**  (JP 3-34)
Department of Defense information network - The set of information capabilities and
associated processes for collecting, processing, storing, disseminating, and managing
information on demand to warfighters, policy makers, and support personnel, whether interconnected or stand-alone.  Also called **DODIN.**  (JP 6-0)
Department of Defense information network operations - Operations to secure,
configure, operate, extend, maintain, and sustain Department of Defense cyberspace to create and preserve the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the Department of Defense information network.  Also called **DODIN operations.**  (JP 3-12)
Department of Defense Intelligence Information System - The combination of
Department of Defense personnel, procedures, equipment, computer programs, and supporting communications that support the timely and comprehensive preparation and
presentation of intelligence and information to military commanders and national-level decision makers.  Also called **DODIIS.**  (JP 2-0)

Department of Defense support to counterdrug operations - Support provided by the
Department of Defense to law enforcement agencies to detect, monitor, and counter the production, trafficking, and use of illicit drugs.  See also **counterdrug operations.**
(JP 3-07.4)
departure airfield - An airfield on which troops and/or materiel are enplaned for flight.
(JP 3-36)
departure point - A navigational check point used by aircraft as a marker for setting
course.  (JP 3-36)
dependents - An employee's spouse; children who are unmarried and under age 21 years
or who, regardless of age, are physically or mentally incapable of self-support; dependent parents, including step and legally adoptive parents of the employee's
spouse; and dependent brothers and sisters, including step and legally adoptive brothers and sisters of the employee's spouse who are unmarried and under 21 years of age or who, regardless of age, are physically or mentally incapable of self-support.
(JP 3-68)
deployment - The movement of forces into and out of an operational area.  See also
deployment order; deployment planning; prepare to deploy order.  (JP 3-35)
deployment health surveillance - The regular or repeated collection, analysis, archiving,
interpretation, and distribution of health-related data used for monitoring the health of a
population or of individuals, and for intervening in a timely manner to prevent, treat, or control the occurrence of disease or injury, which includes occupational and environmental health surveillance and medical surveillance subcomponents.  (JP 4-02)
deployment order - 1.  A directive for the deployments of forces for operations or
exercises. 2.  A directive from the Secretary of Defense, issued by the Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff, that authorizes the transfer of forces between combatant
commanders, Services, and Department of Defense agencies and specifies the
authorities the gaining combatant commander will exercise over the specific forces to
be transferred.  Also called **DEPORD.**  See also deployment; deployment planning;
prepare to deploy order.  (JP 5-0)
deployment planning - Operational planning directed toward the movement of forces and
sustainment resources from their original locations to a specific operational area to conduct operations contemplated in a given plan.  See also deployment; deployment
order; prepare to deploy order.  (JP 5-0)
depot - 1. **supply**An activity for the receipt, classification, storage, accounting, issue,
maintenance, procurement, manufacture, assembly, research, salvage, or disposal of material.  2. **personnel**An activity for the reception, processing, training, assignment,
and forwarding of personnel replacements.  (JP 4-0)
desired mean point of impact - A point designated as the center for impact of multiple
weapons or area munitions to create a desired effect on a mobile, transportable, or area
target and normally defined by grid reference or geolocation.  (JP 3-60)
desired perception - In military deception, what the deception target must believe for it to
make the decision that will achieve the deception objective.  (JP 3-13.4)
desired point of impact - A precise point associated with a target and assigned as the
impact point for a single unitary weapon to create a desired effect.  Also called **DPI.**
See also **aimpoint.**  (JP 3-60)
detainee - Any person captured, detained, or otherwise under the control of Department of
Defense personnel.  (JP 3-63)
detainee collection point - A facility or other location where detainees are assembled for
subsequent movement to a detainee holding area.  Also called **DCP.**  (JP 3-63)
detainee debriefing - The process of using direct questions to elicit intelligence
information from a cooperative detainee to satisfy intelligence requirements.
(JP 2-01.2)
detainee holding area - A facility or other location where detainees are administratively
processed and provided custodial care pending disposition and subsequent release, transfer, or movement to a theater detention facility.  Also called **DHA.**  (JP 3-63)
detainee operations - A broad term that encompasses the capture, initial detention and
screening, transportation, treatment and protection, housing, transfer, and release of the
wide range of persons who could be categorized as detainees.  (JP 3-63)
detection - 1. In tactical operations, the perception of an object of possible military interest
but unconfirmed by recognition.  2. In surveillance, the determination and transmission by a surveillance system that an event has occurred.  3. In arms control, the first step in the process of ascertaining the occurrence of a violation of an arms control agreement.
4. In chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environments, the act of locating chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards by use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear detectors or monitoring and/or survey teams.  See also **hazard.**
(JP 3-11)
deterrence - The prevention of action by the existence of a credible threat of
unacceptable counteraction and/or belief that the cost of action outweighs the
perceived benefits.  (JP 3-0)
direct action - Short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive actions conducted as
a special operation in hostile, denied, or diplomatically sensitive environments and
which employ specialized military capabilities to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover, or damage designated targets.  Also called DA.  See also special operations; special operations forces.  (JP 3-05)
direct air support center - The principal air control agency of the United States Marine
Corps air command and control system responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat element.  Also called **DASC.**  See also Marine air command and control system; tactical air operations center.  (JP 3-09.3)
directed energy - An umbrella term covering technologies that relate to the production of
a beam of concentrated electromagnetic energy or atomic or subatomic particles.  Also called **DE.**  See also **directed-energy weapon.**  (JP 3-85)
directed-energy warfare - Military action involving the use of directed-energy weapons,
devices, and countermeasures.  See also directed energy; directed-energy weapon;
electromagnetic warfare.  (JP 3-85)
directed-energy weapon - A weapon or system that uses directed energy to incapacitate,
damage, or destroy enemy equipment, facilities, and/or personnel.  See also directed
energy.  (JP 3-85)
direct fire - Fire delivered on a target using the target itself as a point of aim for either the
weapon or the director.  (JP 3-09.3)
direction finding - A procedure for obtaining bearings of radio frequency emitters by using
a highly directional antenna and a display unit on an intercept receiver or ancillary
equipment.  Also called DF.  (JP 3-85)
directive authority for cyberspace operations - The authority to issue orders and
directives to all Department of Defense components to execute global Department of Defense information network operations and defensive cyberspace operations internal defensive measures.  Also called **DACO.**  (JP 3-12)
directive authority for logistics - Combatant commander authority to issue directives to
subordinate commanders to ensure the effective execution of approved operation plans, optimize the use or reallocation of available resources, and prevent or eliminate redundant facilities and/or overlapping functions among the Service component commands.  Also
called **DAFL.**  See also **combatant command (command authority); logistics.**  (JP 1)
direct liaison authorized - That authority granted by a commander (any level) to a
subordinate to directly consult or coordinate an action with a command or agency within
or outside of the granting command.  Also called **DIRLAUTH.**  (JP 1)
director of mobility forces The designated agent for all air mobility issues in the area of
responsibility or joint operations area exercising coordinating authority between the air
operations center (or appropriate theater command and control node), the 618th Air
Operations Center (Tanker Airlift Control Center), and the joint deployment and
distribution operations center or joint movement center, to expedite the resolution of air mobility issues.  Also called **DIRMOBFOR.**  See also air operations center;
coordinating authority.  (JP 3-36)
direct support - A mission requiring a force to support another specific force and
authorizing it to answer directly to the supported force's request for assistance.  Also
called DS.  See also close support; general support; mission; mutual support;
support.  (JP 3-09.3)
disaster assistance response team - A team deployed by the United States Agency for
International Development, if a large-scale, urgent, and/or extended response is necessary, to provide specialists to assist the chief of mission and the United States
Agency for International Development mission (where present) with the management of the United States Government response to a disaster.  Also called **DART.**  See also foreign disaster; foreign disaster relief.  (JP 3-08)
disease and nonbattle injury - All illnesses and injuries not resulting from hostile action
or terrorist activity or caused by conflict.  Also called **DNBI.**  (JP 4-02)
dislocated civilian - A broad term primarily used by the Department of Defense that
includes a displaced person, an evacuee, an internally displaced person, a migrant, a
refugee, or a stateless person.  Also called DC.  See also displaced person; evacuee; internally displaced person; migrant; stateless person.  (JP 3-29)
dispersal - Relocation of forces for the purpose of increasing survivability.  (JP 3-01)
dispersion - 1. The spreading or separating of troops, materiel, establishments, or activities,
which are usually concentrated in limited areas to reduce vulnerability.  (JP 5-0)  2. In
chemical and biological operations, the dissemination of agents in liquid or aerosol form.  (JP 3-41)  3. In airdrop operations, the scatter of personnel and/or cargo on the drop zone.  (JP 3-36)  4. In naval control of shipping, the reberthing of a ship in the
periphery of the port area or in the vicinity of the port for its own protection to minimize
the risk of damage from attack.  (JP 3-36)
displaced person - A broad term used to refer to internally and externally displaced persons
collectively.  See also **evacuee.**  (JP 3-29)
display - In military deception, a static portrayal of an activity, force, or equipment
intended to deceive the adversary's visual observation.  (JP 3-13.4)
dissemination - In intelligence usage, the delivery of intelligence to users in a suitable
form.  See also **intelligence process.**  (JP 2-01)
distant retirement area - In amphibious operations, the sea area located to seaward of the
landing area to which assault ships may retire and operate in the event of adverse weather or to prevent concentration of ships in the landing area.  See also amphibious
operation; landing area.  (JP 3-02)
distressed person - An individual who requires search and rescue assistance to remove
he or she from life-threatening or isolating circumstances in a permissive environment. (JP 3-50)
distribution - 1. The arrangement of troops for any purpose, such as a battle, march, or
maneuver.  2. A planned pattern of projectiles about a point.  3. A planned spread of fire
to cover a desired frontage or depth.  4. An official delivery of anything, such as orders
or supplies.  5. The operational process of synchronizing all elements of the logistic system to deliver the "right things" to the "right place" at the "right time" to support the
geographic combatant commander.  6. The process of assigning military personnel to
activities, units, or billets.  (JP 4-0)
distribution manager - The executive agent for managing distribution within the
combatant commander's area of responsibility.  See also **area of responsibility;**
distribution.  (JP 4-09)
distribution pipeline - Continuum or channel through which the Department of Defense
conducts distribution operations, representing the end-to-end flow of resources from supplier to consumer and, in some cases, back to the supplier in retrograde activities.
See also **distribution.**  (JP 4-09)
distribution plan - A reporting system comprising reports, updates, and information
systems feeds that articulate the requirements of the theater distribution system to the strategic and operational resources assigned responsibility for support to the theater.  See also  distribution; distribution system; theater distribution; theater distribution
system.  (JP 4-09)
distribution point - A point at which supplies and/or ammunition, obtained from
supporting supply points by a division or other unit, are broken down for distribution to subordinate units.  (JP 4-09)
distribution system - That complex of facilities, installations, methods, and procedures
designed to receive, store, maintain, distribute, and control the flow of military materiel between the point of receipt into the military system and the point of issue to using activities and units.  (JP 4-09)
diversion - 1. The act of drawing the attention and forces of an enemy from the point of
the principal operation; an attack, alarm, or feint that diverts attention.  2. A change made in a prescribed route for operational or tactical reasons that does not constitute a change of destination.  3. A rerouting of cargo or passengers to a new transshipment point or destination or on a different mode of transportation prior to arrival at ultimate destination.  4. In naval mine warfare, a route or channel bypassing a dangerous area by connecting one channel to another or it may branch from a channel and rejoin it on the
other side of the danger.  See also **demonstration.**  (JP 3-03)
domestic emergencies - Civil defense emergencies, civil disturbances, major disasters, or
natural disasters affecting the public welfare and occurring within the United States and
its territories.  See also **natural disaster.**  (JP 3-27)
domestic intelligence - Intelligence relating to activities or conditions within the United
States that threaten internal security and that might require the employment of troops;
and intelligence relating to activities of individuals or agencies potentially or actually dangerous to the security of the Department of Defense.  (JP 3-08)

dominant user - The Service or multinational partner who is the principal consumer of a
particular common-user logistics supply or service within a joint or multinational
operation and will normally act as the lead Service to provide this particular commonuser logistics supply or service to other Service components, multinational partners, other governmental agencies, or nongovernmental agencies as directed by the combatant commander.  See also common-user logistics; lead Service or agency for
common-user logistics.  (JP 4-0)
double agent - Agent in contact with two opposing intelligence services, only one of
which is aware of the double contact or quasi-intelligence services.  Also called DA.
(JP 2-01.2)
drop zone - A specific area upon which airborne troops, equipment, or supplies are
airdropped.  Also called **DZ.**  (JP 3-36)
drug interdiction - A continuum of events focused on interrupting illicit drugs smuggled
by air, sea, or land.  See also **counterdrug operations.**  (JP 3-07.4)
dual-role tanker - An aircraft that can carry support personnel, supplies, and equipment
for the deploying force while escorting and/or refueling combat aircraft to the area of
responsibility.  See also **air refueling.**  (JP 3-36)
dwell time - The length of time a target is expected to remain in one location.  (JP 3-60) dynamic targeting - Targeting that prosecutes targets identified too late or not selected for
action in time to be included in deliberate targeting.  (JP 3-60)
dynamic threat assessment - An intelligence assessment developed by the Defense
Intelligence Agency that details the threat, capabilities, and intentions of adversaries in each of the priority plans in the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan.  Also called **DTA.** (JP 2-0)

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earliest arrival date - A day, relative to C-day, that is specified as the earliest date when
a unit, resupply shipment, or replacement personnel can be accepted at a port of debarkation during a deployment.  Also called **EAD.**  See also **latest arrival date.**
(JP 3-35)
early warning - Early notification of the launch or approach of unknown weapons or
weapons carriers.  Also called EW.  (JP 3-01)
economy of force - The judicious employment and distribution of forces so as to expend
the minimum essential combat power on secondary efforts to allocate the maximum
possible combat power on primary efforts.  (JP 3-0)
E-day - The day landing force personnel, supplies, and equipment begin to embark aboard
amphibious warfare or commercial ships.  (JP 3-02)
effect - 1. The physical or behavioral state of a system that results from an action, a set of
actions, or another effect.  2. The result, outcome, or consequence of an action.  3. A change to a condition, behavior, or degree of freedom.  (JP 3-0)
electromagnetic attack - Division of electromagnetic warfare involving the use of
electromagnetic energy, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel,
facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability and is considered a form of fires.  Also called EA.  See also
electromagnetic protection; electromagnetic support; electromagnetic warfare. (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic battle management - The dynamic monitoring, assessing, planning, and
directing of operations in the electromagnetic spectrum in support of the commander's concept of the operation. Also called **EMBM.**  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic battle management system - The facilities, equipment, software,
communications, procedures, and personnel essential for a commander to plan, direct, monitor, and assess operations in the electromagnetic spectrum.  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic compatibility - The ability of systems, equipment, and devices that use
the electromagnetic spectrum to operate in their intended environments without causing or suffering unacceptable or unintentional degradation because of electromagnetic radiation or response.  Also called **EMC.**  See also electromagnetic spectrum management; electromagnetic warfare.  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic environment - The resulting product of the power and time distribution,
in various frequency ranges, of the radiated or conducted electromagnetic emission levels encountered by a military force, system, or platform when performing its assigned
mission in its intended operational environment.  Also called **EME.**  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic environmental effects - The impact of the electromagnetic environment
upon the operational capability of military forces, equipment, systems, and platforms. Also called **E3.**  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic hardening - Action taken to protect personnel, facilities, and/or
equipment by blanking, filtering, attenuating, grounding, bonding, and/or shielding against undesirable effects of electromagnetic energy.  See also electromagnetic warfare.  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic interference - Any electromagnetic disturbance, induced intentionally or
unintentionally, that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective
performance of electromagnetic spectrum-dependent systems and electrical equipment. Also called **EMI.**  (JP 3-13.1)
electromagnetic intrusion - The intentional insertion of electromagnetic energy into
transmission paths in any manner, with the objective of deceiving operators or of causing confusion.  See also **electromagnetic warfare.**  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic jamming - The deliberate radiation, reradiation, or reflection of
electromagnetic energy for the purpose of preventing or reducing an enemy's effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum, with the intent of degrading or neutralizing the
enemy's combat capability.  See also electromagnetic spectrum management; electromagnetic warfare.  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic masking - The controlled radiation of electromagnetic energy on friendly
frequencies in a manner to protect the emissions of friendly communications and
electronic systems against enemy electromagnetic support measures/signals intelligence without significantly degrading the operation of friendly systems. (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic probing - Intentional radiation designed to be introduced into the
devices or systems of an adversary for the purpose of learning the functions and operational capabilities of the devices or systems.  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic protection - Division of electromagnetic warfare involving actions
taken to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or destroy
friendly combat capability.  Also called EP.  See also electromagnetic attack; electromagnetic support; electromagnetic warfare.  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic pulse - A strong burst of electromagnetic radiation caused by a nuclear
explosion, energy weapon, or by natural phenomenon, that may couple with electrical or electronic systems to produce damaging current and voltage surges. Also called EMP.  (JP 3-3-85)
electromagnetic radiation hazards Transmitter or antenna installation that generates or
increases electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of ordnance, personnel, or fueling operations in excess of established safe levels.   (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic reconnaissance - The detection, location, identification, and evaluation
of foreign electromagnetic radiations.  See also **reconnaissance.**  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic security - The protection resulting from all measures designed to deny
unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from their interception
and study of noncommunications electromagnetic radiations (e.g., radar).  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic spectrum management - The operational, engineering, and
administrative procedures to plan and coordinate operations within the electromagnetic operational environment.  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic spectrum operations - Coordinated military actions to exploit, attack,
protect, and manage the electromagnetic environment.  Also called **EMSO.**  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic spectrum superiority - That degree of control in the electromagnetic
spectrum that permits the conduct of operations at a given time and place without prohibitive interference, while affecting the threat's ability to do the same.  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic support - Division of electromagnetic warfare involving actions tasked
by, or under direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning and conduct of future operations.  Also called ES.  See also electromagnetic
attack; electromagnetic protection; electromagnetic warfare.  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic vulnerability - The characteristics of a system that cause it to suffer a
definite degradation (incapability to perform the designated mission) as a result of having been subjected to a certain level of electromagnetic environmental effects. Also called **EMV.**  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic warfare - Military action involving the use of electromagnetic and
directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy.  Also called EW.  See also directed energy; electromagnetic attack; electromagnetic protection; electromagnetic support.  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic warfare frequency deconfliction - Actions taken to integrate those
frequencies used by electromagnetic warfare systems into the overall frequency deconfliction process.  See also **electromagnetic warfare.**  (JP 3-85)
electromagnetic warfare reprogramming - The deliberate alteration or modification of
electromagnetic warfare or target sensing systems, or the tactics and procedures that
employ them, in response to validated changes in equipment, tactics, or the electromagnetic environment.  See also **electromagnetic warfare.**  (JP 3-85)
electronic intelligence - Technical and geolocation intelligence derived from foreign
noncommunications electromagnetic radiations emanating from other than nuclear
detonations or radioactive sources.  Also called **ELINT.**  See also electromagnetic
warfare; foreign instrumentation signals intelligence; intelligence; signals intelligence.  (JP 3-85)

electro-optical-infrared countermeasure - A device or technique employing electrooptical-infrared materials or technology that is intended to impair the effectiveness of enemy activity, particularly with respect to precision-guided weapons and sensor systems.  Also called **EO-IR CM.**  (JP 3-85)
element - An organization formed around a specific function within a designated
directorate of a headquarters.  (JP 3-33)
elevated causeway system - An elevated causeway pier that provides a means of delivering
containers, certain vehicles, and bulk cargo ashore without the lighterage contending with the surf zone.  Also called **ELCAS.**  See also **causeway.**  (JP 4-01.6)
elicitation - In intelligence usage, the acquisition of information from a person or group in
a manner that does not disclose the intent of the interview or conversation.  (JP 2-0)
embarkation - The process of putting personnel and/or vehicles and their associated stores
and equipment into ships and/or aircraft.  (JP 3-02)
embarkation area - An area ashore, including a group of embarkation points, in which
final preparations for embarkation are completed and through which assigned personnel and loads for craft and ships are called forward to embark.  See also **mounting area.** (JP 3-02)
embarkation element - A temporary administrative formation of personnel with supplies
and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard the ships of one transport element.  (JP 3-02)
embarkation group - A temporary administrative formation of personnel with supplies
and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard the ships of one transport element group.  (JP 3-02)
embarkation officer - An officer on the staff of units of the landing force who advises the
commander thereof on matters pertaining to embarkation planning and loading ships.
See also **combat cargo officer.**  (JP 3-02)
embarkation order - An order specifying dates, times, routes, loading diagrams, and
methods of movement to shipside or aircraft for troops and their equipment.  (JP 3-02)
embarkation organization - A temporary administrative formation of personnel with
supplies and equipment embarking or to be embarked aboard ships.  See also embarkation team.  (JP 3-02)
embarkation phase - In amphibious operations, the phase that encompasses the orderly
assembly of personnel and materiel and their subsequent loading aboard ships and/or
aircraft in a sequence designed to meet the requirements of the landing force concept of operations ashore.  (JP 3-02)

embarkation plans - The plans prepared by the landing force and appropriate subordinate
commanders containing instructions and information concerning the organization for embarkation, assignment to shipping, supplies and equipment to be embarked, location
and assignment of embarkation areas, control and communication arrangements, movement schedules and embarkation sequence, and additional pertinent instructions relating to the embarkation of the landing force.  (JP 3-02)
embarkation team - A temporary administrative formation of all personnel with supplies
and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard one ship.  See also embarkation organization.  (JP 3-02)
embarkation unit - A temporary administrative formation of personnel with supplies and
equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard the ships of one
transport unit, which is dissolved upon completion of the embarkation.  (JP 3-02)
emergency action committee - An organization established at a foreign service post by
the chief of mission or principal officer for the purpose of directing and coordinating the post's response to contingencies.  Also called **EAC.**  (JP 3-68)
emergency-essential employee - A Department of Defense civilian whose assigned duties
meet all the criteria prescribed in law per Title 10, United States Code, Section 1580. See also **evacuation.**  (JP 1-0)
emergency locator beacon - A generic term for all radio beacons used for emergency
locating purposes.  See also **personal locator beacon.**  (JP 3-50)
emergency operations center - A temporary or permanent facility where the coordination
of information and resources to support domestic incident management activities normally takes place.  Also called **EOC.**  (JP 3-41)
emergency preparedness - Measures taken in advance of an emergency to reduce the loss
of life and property and to protect a nation's institutions from all types of hazards
through a comprehensive emergency management program of preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery.  Also called EP.  (JP 3-28)
emergency preparedness liaison officer - A senior reserve officer who represents their
Service at the appropriate joint field office conducting planning and coordination
responsibilities in support of civil authorities.  Also called **EPLO.**  (JP 3-28)
emergency repair - The least amount of immediate repair to damaged facilities necessary
for the facilities to support the mission.  See also **facility substitutes.**  (JP 3-34)
emergency support functions - Government and certain private-sector capabilities
grouped into an organizational structure to provide the support, resources, program implementation, and services that are most likely to be needed to save lives, protect
property and the environment, restore essential services and critical infrastructure, and help victims and communities return to normal, when feasible, following domestic incidents.  Also called **ESFs.**  (JP 3-28)

emission control - The selective and controlled use of electromagnetic, acoustic, or other
emitters to optimize command and control capabilities while minimizing, for operations
security: a. detection by enemy sensors, b. mutual interference among friendly systems, and/or c. enemy interference with the ability to execute a military deception plan.  Also called **EMCON.**  See also **electromagnetic warfare.**  (JP 3-85)
emission security - Actions designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value
as a result of intercept and analysis of compromising emanations from cryptographic equipment and telecommunications systems.  See also **communications security.**
(JP 6-0)
employment - The strategic, operational, or tactical use of forces.  (JP 5-0)
end evening civil twilight - The point in time when the sun has dropped 6 degrees beneath
the western horizon, and is the instant at which there is no longer sufficient light to see objects with the unaided eye.  Also called **EECT.**  (JP 2-01.3)
end item - A final combination of end products, component parts, and/or materials that is
ready for its intended use.  (JP 4-02)
end of evening nautical twilight - The point in time when the sun has dropped 12 degrees
below the western horizon, and is the instant of last available daylight for the visual control of limited military operations.  Also called **EENT.**  (JP 2-01.3)
end state - The set of required conditions that defines achievement of the commander's
objectives.  (JP 3-0)
end-to-end - A term that describes joint distribution operations boundaries, which begin at
the point of origin and terminate at the geographic combatant commander's designated point of need within a desired operational area, including the return of forces and materiel.  (JP 4-09)
enduring location - A main operating base, forward operating site, or cooperative security
location designated by the Department of Defense for strategic access and use to support United States security interests for the foreseeable future.  Also called EL.  (JP 4-04)
engage - 1. In air and missile defense, a fire control order used to direct or authorize units
and/or weapon systems to attack a designated target.  See also cease engagement; hold
fire.  (JP 3-01)  2. To bring the enemy under fire.  (JP 3-09.3)
engagement - 1. An attack against an air or missile threat.  (JP 3-01)  2. A tactical conflict,
usually between opposing lower echelons  maneuver forces.  See also battle; **campaign.**
(JP 3-0)
engagement authority - An authority vested with a joint force commander that may be
delegated to a subordinate commander, that permits an engagement decision.  (JP 3-01)
engage on remote - Use of nonorganic sensor or ballistic missile defense system track data
to launch weapon and complete engagement.  Also called **EOR.**  (JP 3-01)
engineer support plan - An appendix to the logistics annex or separate annex of an
operation plan that identifies the minimum essential engineering services and
construction requirements required to support the commitment of military forces.  Also
called **ESP.**  See also **operation plan.**  (JP 3-34)
en route care - Care provided during transport to optimize patient outcomes.  Also called
ERC.  See also **evacuation.**  (JP 4-02)
entity - Within the context of targeting, a term used to describe facilities, individuals,
virtual (nontangible) things, equipment, or organizations.  (JP 3-60)
environmental baseline survey - A multi-disciplinary site survey conducted prior to or in
the initial stage of an operational deployment.  Also called **EBS.**  See also general
engineering.  (JP 3-34)
environmental considerations - The spectrum of environmental media, resources, or
programs that may affect the planning and execution of military operations.  (JP 3-34)
equipment - In logistics, all nonexpendable items needed to outfit or equip an individual
or organization.  See also **component; supplies.**  (JP 4-0)
escapee - Any person who has been physically captured by the enemy and succeeds in
getting free.  (JP 3-50)
essential care - Medical treatment provided to manage the casualty throughout the roles of
care, which  includes all care and treatment to either return the patient to duty (within
the theater evacuation policy), or begin initial treatment required for optimization of outcome, and/or stabilization to ensure the patient can tolerate evacuation.  See also en route care; first responder; forward resuscitative care; theater.  (JP 4-02)
essential elements of information - The most critical information requirements regarding
the adversary and the environment needed by the commander by a particular time to
relate with other available information and intelligence in order to assist in reaching a logical decision.  Also called **EEIs.**  (JP 2-0)
essential task - A specified or implied task an organization must perform to accomplish
the mission.  See also **implied task; specified task.**  (JP 5-0)
establishing directive - An order issued to specify the purpose of the support relationship.
(JP 3-02)
estimate - 1. An analysis of a foreign situation, development, or trend that identifies its
major elements, interprets the significance, and appraises the future possibilities and the prospective results of the various actions that might be taken.  2. An appraisal of the
capabilities, vulnerabilities, and potential courses of action of a foreign nation or
combination of nations in consequence of a specific national plan, policy, decision, or contemplated course of action.  3. An analysis of an actual or contemplated clandestine
operation in relation to the situation in which it is or would be conducted to identify and appraise such factors as available as well as needed assets and potential obstacles, accomplishments, and consequences.  See also **intelligence estimate.**  (JP 5-0)
estimative intelligence - Intelligence that identifies, describes, and forecasts adversary
capabilities and the implications for planning and executing military operations. (JP 2-0)
evacuation - 1. Removal of a patient by any of a variety of transport means from a theater
of military operation, or between health services capabilities, for the purpose of
preventing further illness or injury, providing additional care, or providing disposition
of patients from the military health care system.  (JP 4-02)  2. The clearance of personnel, animals, or materiel from a given locality.  (JP 3-68)  3. The controlled
process of collecting, classifying, and shipping unserviceable or abandoned materiel, United States or foreign, to appropriate reclamation, maintenance, technical intelligence, or disposal facilities.  (JP 4-09)  4.  The ordered or authorized departure of
noncombatant evacuees from a specific area to another in the same or different countries by Department of State, Department of Defense, or appropriate military commander.
See also **evacuee; noncombatant evacuation operation.**  (JP 3-68)
evacuee - A civilian removed from a place of residence by military direction for reasons of
personal security or the requirements of the military situation.  See also displaced person.  (JP 3-57)
evader - Any person isolated in hostile or unfriendly territory who eludes capture.
(JP 3-50)
evaluation - In intelligence usage, appraisal of an item of information in terms of
credibility, reliability, pertinence, and accuracy.  (JP 2-01)
evaluation and feedback - In intelligence usage, continuous assessment of intelligence
operations throughout the intelligence process to ensure that the commander's intelligence requirements are being met.  See **intelligence process.**  (JP 2-01)
evasion - The process whereby isolated personnel avoid capture with the goal of
successfully returning to areas under friendly control.  (JP 3-50)
evasion aid - In personnel recovery, any piece of information or equipment designed to
assist an individual in avoiding capture.  See also blood chit; evasion; evasion chart; pointee-talkee; recovery; recovery operations.  (JP 3-50)
evasion chart - A special map or chart designed as an evasion aid.  Also called **EVC.**  See
also **evasion; evasion aid.**  (JP 3-50)
evasion plan of action - A course of action, developed prior to executing a combat mission,
that is intended to improve a potential isolated person's chances of successful evasion
and recovery by providing the recovery forces with an additional source of information
that can increase the predictability of the evader's action and movement.  Also called EPA.  See also **course of action; evader; evasion.**  (JP 3-50)
event matrix - A cross-referenced description of the indicators and activity expected to
occur in each named area of interest.  See also **activity; area of interest; indicator.**
(JP 2-01.3)
event template - A guide for collection planning that depicts the named areas of interest
where activity, or its lack of activity, will indicate which course of action the adversary
has adopted.  See also **activity; area of interest; collection planning; course of action.**
(JP 2-01.3)
exclusion zone - A zone established by a sanctioning body to prohibit specific activities in
a specific geographic area to persuade nations or groups to modify their behavior to
meet the desires of the sanctioning body or face continued imposition of sanctions, or
use or threat of force.  (JP 3-0)
exclusive economic zone - A maritime zone adjacent to the territorial sea that may not
extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.  Also called **EEZ.**  (JP 3-15)
execute order - 1. An order issued by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, at the
direction of the Secretary of Defense, to implement a decision by the President to initiate military operations.  2. An order to initiate military operations as directed.  Also called
EXORD.  (JP 5-0)
executive agent - A term used to indicate a delegation of authority by the Secretary of
Defense or Deputy Secretary of Defense to a subordinate to act on behalf of the Secretary of Defense.  Also called EA.  (JP 1)
exercise - A military maneuver or simulated wartime operation involving planning,
preparation, and execution that is carried out for the purpose of training and evaluation. See also **maneuver.**  (JP 3-0)
exfiltration - The removal of personnel or units from areas under enemy control by
stealth, deception, surprise, or clandestine means.  See also special operations;
unconventional warfare.  (JP 3-50)
expeditionary force - An armed force organized to achieve a specific objective in a foreign
country.  (JP 3-0)
expendable supplies - Supplies that are consumed in use, such as ammunition, paint, fuel,
cleaning and preserving materials, surgical dressings, drugs, medicines, etc., or that lose their identity, such as spare parts, etc., and may be dropped from stock record accounts when it is issued or used.  (JP 4-02)
exploitation - 1. Taking full advantage of success in military operations, following up
initial gains, and making permanent the temporary effects already created.  2. Taking full advantage of any information that has come to hand for tactical, operational, or strategic purposes.  3. An offensive operation that usually follows a successful attack
and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth.  See also **attack.**  (JP 2-01.3)
explosive cargo - Cargo such as artillery ammunition, bombs, depth charges, demolition
material, rockets, and missiles.  (JP 4-01.5)
explosive hazard - 1. Any material posing a potential threat that contains an explosive
component such as unexploded explosive ordnance, booby traps, improvised explosive devices, captured enemy ammunition, and bulk explosives. (JP 3-15)  2. In explosive ordnance disposal, a condition where danger exists because explosives are present that may react in a mishap with potential unacceptable effects to people, property, operational capability, or the environment.  Also called **EH.**  (JP 3-42)
explosive ordnance - All munitions and improvised or clandestine explosive devices,
containing explosives, propellants, nuclear fission or fusion materials, and biological and chemical agents.  (JP 3-42)
explosive ordnance disposal - 1. The detection, identification, on-site evaluation,
rendering safe, recovery, and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance.  2. The organizations engaged in such activities.  Also called **EOD.**  (JP 3-42)
explosive ordnance disposal incident - The suspected or detected presence of unexploded
or damaged explosive ordnance that constitutes a hazard to operations, installations,
personnel, or material and requires explosive ordnance disposal procedures.  (JP 3-42)
explosive ordnance disposal procedures - Any particular course or mode of action taken
by qualified explosive ordnance disposal personnel to detect and/or locate, access, identify, triage, diagnose, stabilize, render safe or neutralize, recover, exploit, and
dispose of ordnance, explosives, or any hazardous material associated with an explosive ordnance disposal incident.  (JP 3-42)
explosive ordnance disposal unit - Personnel with special training and equipment who
render explosive ordnance safe, make intelligence reports on such ordnance, and
supervise the safe removal thereof.  (JP 3-42)
explosives safety munitions risk management - A systematic approach that integrates
risk analysis into operational planning, military training exercises, and contingency operations with the goal of identifying potentially adverse consequences associated with munitions operations, risk reduction alternatives, and risk acceptance criteria for senior officials to make the risk decision.  (CJCSI 4360.01A)
external audience - In public affairs, all people who are not United States military
members, Department of Defense civilian employees, and their immediate families. See
also **internal audience; public.**  (JP 3-61)
external support contract - Contract awarded by contracting organizations whose
contracting authority does not derive directly from the theater support contracting head(s) of a contracting activity or from systems support contracting authorities.  See
also **systems support contract; theater support contract.**  (JP 4-10)

##


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facility - A real property entity consisting of one or more of the following:  a building, a
structure, a utility system, pavement, and underlying land.  (JP 3-34)
facility substitutes - Items such as tents and prepackaged structures requisitioned through
the supply system that may be used to substitute for constructed facilities.  (JP 3-34)
feasibility - The plan review criterion for assessing whether the assigned mission can be
accomplished using available resources within the time contemplated by the plan.  See
also **acceptability; adequacy.**  (JP 5-0)
feasibility assessment - A basic target analysis that provides an initial determination of the
viability of a proposed target for special operations forces employment.  Also called **FA.**
(JP 3-05)
federal military forces - Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force personnel (including
Reserve Component personnel) on federal active duty.  (JP 3-28)
federal service - A term applied to National Guard members and units when called to
active duty to serve the United States Government under Article I, Section 8 and Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution and Title 10, United States Code, Sections 12401 to
12408.  See also **active duty; Reserve Component.**  (JP 4-05)
feint - In military deception, an offensive action involving contact with the adversary
conducted for the purpose of deceiving the adversary as to the location and/or time of the actual main offensive action.  (JP 3-13.4)
field army - An echelon of command that employs multiple corps, divisions,
multifunctional brigades, and functional brigades to achieve objectives on land.
(JP 3-31)
field artillery - Equipment, supplies, ammunition, and personnel involved in the use of
cannon, rocket, or surface-to-surface missile launchers.  Also called FA.  (JP 3-09)
fighter engagement zone - In air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within
which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with fighter
aircraft.  Also called **FEZ.**  (JP 3-01)
fighter escort - An offensive counterair operation providing dedicated protection sorties
by air-to-air capable fighters in support of other offensive air and air support missions
over enemy territory, or in a defensive counterair role to protect high value airborne assets.  (JP 3-01)
fighter sweep - An offensive mission by fighter aircraft to seek out and destroy enemy
aircraft or targets of opportunity in a designated area.  (JP 3-01)
final governing standards - A comprehensive set of country-specific substantive
environmental provisions, typically technical limitations on effluent, discharges, etc., or a specific management practice.  Also called **FGSs.** (JP 3-34)
final protective fire - An immediately available, prearranged barrier of fire designed to
impede enemy movement across defensive lines or areas.  Also called **FPF.**  (JP 3-09.3)
finance support - A financial management function to provide financial advice and
recommendations, pay support, disbursing support, establishment of local depository accounts, essential accounting support, and support of the procurement process.  See also **financial management.**  (JP 3-80)
financial management - The combination of the two core functions of resource
management and finance support.  Also called FM.  See also finance support; resource management.  (JP 3-80)
fire direction center - That element of a command post, consisting of gunnery and
communications personnel and equipment, by means of which the commander exercises fire direction and/or fire control.  Also called **FDC.**  (JP 3-09.3)
fires - The use of weapon systems or other actions to create specific lethal or nonlethal
effects on a target.  (JP 3-09)
fire support - Fires that directly support land, maritime, amphibious, space, cyberspace,
and special operations forces to engage enemy forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit of tactical and operational objectives.  See also **fires.**  (JP 3-09)
fire support area - An appropriate maneuver area assigned to fire support ships by the
naval force commander from which they can deliver gunfire support to an amphibious operation.  Also called **FSA.**  See also **amphibious operation; fire support.**  (JP 3-09)
fire support coordination - The planning and executing of fire so targets are adequately
covered by a suitable weapon or group of weapons.  (JP 3-09)
fire support coordination center - A single site in which centralized communications
facilities and personnel incident to the coordination of all forms of fire support for Marine
forces are located.  Also called **FSCC.**  See also fire support; fire support coordination; support; supporting arms coordination center.   (JP 3-09)
fire support coordination line - A fire support coordination measure established by the
land or amphibious force commander to support common objectives within an area of operation, beyond which all fires must be coordinated with affected commanders prior to engagement and, short of the line, all fires must be coordinated with the establishing commander prior to engagement.  Also called **FSCL.**  See also **fires; fire support.** (JP 3-09)
fire support coordination measure - A measure employed by commanders to facilitate
the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces.  Also called **FSCM.**  See also **fire support coordination.**  (JP 3-0)
fire support coordinator - 1. The officer in charge of the fire support coordination center.
Also called **FSC.**  2. The brigade combat team's organic fires battalion commander.
Also called **FSCOORD.**  (JP 3-09)
fire support element - That section of the tactical operations center at every echelon above
company responsible for targeting coordination and for integrating fires  under the control or in support of the force.  See also **fire support; force; support.**  (JP 3-09)
fire support officer - The field artillery officer, from the operational to tactical level,
responsible for advising the supported commander or assisting the senior fires officer of the organization on fires functions and fire support.  Also called **FSO.**  See also field
artillery; fire support; support.  (JP 3-09)
fire support station - An exact location at sea within a fire support area from which a fire
support ship delivers fire.  Also called **FSS.**  (JP 3-02)
fire support team - A field artillery team provided for each maneuver company/troop and
selected units to plan and coordinate all supporting fires available to the unit, including mortars, field artillery, naval surface fire support, and close air support integration.  Also called **FIST.**  See also **close air support; field artillery; fire support; support.**
(JP 3-09.3)
first responder - Anyone who provides initial and immediate treatment to self or others.
See also **essential care; evacuation.**  (JP 4-02)
fixed port - Terminals with an improved network of cargo-handling facilities designed for
the transfer of freight.  See also **maritime terminal.**  (JP 4-01.5)
fixed-price contract - A type of contract that generally provides for a firm price or, under
appropriate circumstances, may provide for an adjustable price for the supplies or
services being procured.  (JP 4-10)
flame field expedient - Simple, handmade device used to produce flame or illumination.
Also called **FFE.**  (JP 3-15)
flash burn - A burn caused by excessive exposure (of bare skin) to thermal radiation.
(JP 3-41)
flatrack - Portable, open-topped, open-sided units that fit into existing below-deck
container cell guides and provide a capability for container ships to carry oversized cargo and wheeled and tracked vehicles.  (JP 4-09)
fleet - An organization of ships, aircraft, Marine Corps forces, and shore-based fleet
activities under a commander who may exercise operational, as well as administrative, control.  See also **numbered fleet.**  (JP 3-32)
Fleet Marine Force - A balanced force of combined arms comprising land, air, and service
elements of the United States Marine Corps, which is an integral part of a United States
fleet and has the responsibility to man, train, and equip the Marine operating force.  Also called **FMF.**  (JP 4-02)
flight - 1. In Navy and Marine Corps usage, a specified group of aircraft usually conducting
a common mission.  2. The basic tactical unit in the Air Force, consisting of four or more aircraft in two or more elements.  3. A single aircraft airborne on a nonoperational mission.  (JP 3-30)
flight deck - 1. In certain airplanes, an elevated compartment occupied by the crew for
operating the airplane in flight.  2. The upper deck of an aircraft carrier that serves as a runway.  3. The deck of an air-capable ship, amphibious assault ship, or aircraft carrier used to launch and recover aircraft.  (JP 3-02)
floating craft company - A company-sized unit made up of various watercraft teams such
as tugs, barges, and barge cranes.  (JP 4-01.6)
floating dump - Emergency supplies preloaded in landing craft, amphibious vehicles, or
in landing ships that are located in the vicinity of the appropriate control officer, who directs their landing as requested by the troop commander concerned.  (JP 3-02)
fly-in echelon - Airlifted forces and equipment (typically associated with the use of prepositioned assets), to include flight ferry aircraft and aviation support equipment, needed
to support operations.  (JP 3-02)
follow-up - In amphibious operations, the reinforcements and stores carried on ships and
aircraft (not originally part of the amphibious force) that are off-loaded after the assault and assault follow-on echelons have been landed.  See also amphibious operation; assault; assault follow-on echelon.  (JP 3-02)
follow-up shipping - Ships not originally a part of the amphibious task force but which
deliver troops and supplies to the objective area after the action phase has begun. (JP 3-02)
food and water risk assessment - A program conducted under specific circumstances by
veterinary or public health personnel to assess food operations to identify and mitigate risk from intentional and unintentional contamination.  Also called **FWRA.**  (JP 4-02)
footprint - 1. The area on the surface of the earth within a satellite's transmitter or sensor
field of view.  2. The amount of personnel, spares, resources, and capabilities physically present and occupying space at a deployed location.  (JP 4-01.5)
force - 1. An aggregation of military personnel, weapon systems, equipment, and necessary
support, or combination thereof.  2. A major subdivision of a fleet.  (JP 1)
force/activity designator - Number used in conjunction with urgency of need designators
to establish a matrix of priorities used for supply requisitions.  Also called **F/AD.**  See
also **force.**  (JP 4-09)
force beddown - The provision of expedient facilities for troop support to provide a
platform for the projection of force.  See also **facility substitutes.**  (JP 3-34)
force closure - The point in time when a supported commander determines that sufficient
personnel and equipment resources are in the assigned operational area to carry out
assigned tasks.  See also **closure; force.**  (JP 3-35)
force health protection - Measures to promote, improve, or conserve the behavioral and
physical well-being of Service members to enable a healthy and fit force, prevent injury
and illness, and protect the force from health hazards.  Also called **FHP.**  See also force; protection.  (JP 4-02)
force module - A grouping of combat, combat support, and combat service support forces,
with their accompanying supplies and the required nonunit resupply and personnel
necessary to sustain forces for a minimum of 30 days.  Also called **FM.**  (JP 4-01.5)
force planning 1. Planning associated with the creation and maintenance of military
capabilities by the Military Departments, Services, United States Special Operations
Command, and United States Cyber Command.  2. In the context of joint planning, it is
an element of plan development where the supported combatant command, in
coordination with its supporting and subordinate commands, determines force requirements to accomplish an assigned mission.  (JP 5-0)
force projection - The ability to project the military instrument of national power from the
United States or another theater, in response to requirements for military operations. See also **force.**  (JP 3-0)
force protection - Preventive measures taken to mitigate hostile actions against
Department of Defense personnel (to include family members), resources, facilities, and critical information.  Also called FP.  See also force; force protection condition;
protection.  (JP 3-0)
force protection condition - A Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-approved standard
for identification of and recommended responses to terrorist threats against United
States personnel and facilities.  Also called **FPCON.**  See also antiterrorism; force
protection.  (JP 3-26)
force protection detachment - A counterintelligence element that provides
counterintelligence support to transiting and assigned ships, personnel, and aircraft in regions of elevated threat.  Also called **FPD.**  (JP 2-01.2)
force protection working group - Cross-functional working group whose purpose is to
conduct risk assessment and risk management and to recommend mitigating measures to the commander.  Also called **FPWG.**  (JP 3-10)
force requirement number - An alphanumeric code used to uniquely identify force entries
in a given operation plan time-phased force and deployment data.  (JP 3-35)
force sequencing - The phased introduction of forces into and out of the operational area.
(JP 3-68)
force sourcing - The identification of the actual units, their origins, ports of embarkation,
and movement characteristics to satisfy the time-phased force requirements of a supported commander.  (JP 5-0)
force tracking - The process of gathering and maintaining information on the location,
status, and predicted movement of each element of a unit including the unit's command element, personnel, and unit-related supplies and equipment while in transit to the specified operational area.  (JP 3-35)
force visibility - The current and accurate status of forces, their current mission, future
missions, location, mission priority, and readiness status.  (JP 3-35)
forcible entry - Seizing and holding of a military lodgment in the face of armed opposition
or forcing access into a denied area to allow movement and maneuver to accomplish the mission.  See also **lodgment.**  (JP 3-18)
foreign assistance - Assistance to foreign nations ranging from the sale of military
equipment and support for foreign internal defense to donations of food and medical supplies to aid survivors of natural and man-made disasters that may be provided through development assistance, humanitarian assistance, and security assistance.  See also domestic emergencies; foreign disaster; foreign humanitarian assistance;
security assistance.  (JP 3-0)
foreign disaster - A calamitous situation or event that occurs naturally or through human
activities, which threatens or inflicts human suffering on a scale that may warrant emergency relief assistance from the United States Government or from foreign partners.  See also **foreign disaster relief.**  (JP 3-29)
foreign disaster relief - Assistance that can be used immediately to alleviate the suffering
of foreign disaster victims that normally includes services and commodities, as well as the rescue and evacuation of victims; the provision and transportation of food, water,
clothing, medicines, beds, bedding, and temporary shelter; the furnishing of medical equipment and medical and technical personnel; and making repairs to essential services.  Also called **FDR.**  See also **foreign disaster.**  (JP 3-29)
foreign humanitarian assistance - Department of Defense activities conducted outside
the United States and its territories to directly relieve or reduce human suffering, disease,
hunger, or privation.  Also called **FHA.**  See also **foreign assistance.**  (JP 3-29)
foreign instrumentation signals intelligence - A subcategory of signals intelligence
consisting of technical information and intelligence derived from the intercept of foreign electromagnetic emissions associated with the testing and operational deployment of non-United States aerospace, surface, and subsurface systems.  Also called **FISINT.** See also **signals intelligence.**  (JP 2-01)
foreign intelligence - Information relating to capabilities, intentions, and activities of
foreign governments or elements thereof, foreign organizations, or foreign persons, or international terrorist activities.  See also **intelligence.**  (JP 2-0)
foreign intelligence entity - Any known or suspected foreign organization, person, or
group (public, private, or governmental) that conducts intelligence activities to acquire United States information, block or impair United States intelligence collection, influence United States policy, or disrupts United States systems and programs.  The term includes foreign intelligence and security services and international terrorists.  (JP
2-01.2)
foreign internal defense - Participation by civilian agencies and military forces of a
government or international organizations in any of the programs and activities
undertaken by a host nation government to free and protect its society from subversion,
lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security.  Also called **FID.**
(JP 3-22)
foreign military sales - That portion of United States security assistance for sales programs
that require agreements/contracts between the United States Government and an authorized recipient government or international organization for defense articles and services to be provided to the recipient for current stocks or new procurements under Department of Defense-managed contracts, regardless of the source of financing.  Also called **FMS.**  (JP 3-20)
foreign national - Any person other than a United States citizen, United States permanent
or temporary legal resident alien, or person in United States custody.  (JP 1-0)
foreign nation support - Civil and/or military assistance rendered to a nation when
operating outside its national boundaries during military operations based on agreements mutually concluded between nations or on behalf of intergovernmental organizations.  See also **host-nation support.**  (JP 3-80)
foreign service national - Foreign nationals who provide clerical, administrative,
technical, fiscal, and other support at foreign service posts abroad and are not citizens
of the United States.  (JP 3-68)
forensic-enabled intelligence - The intelligence resulting from the integration of
scientifically examined materials and other information to establish full
characterization, attribution, and the linkage of events, locations, items, signatures, nefarious intent, and persons of interest.  Also called **FEI.**  (JP 2-0)
forward air controller - An officer (aviator/pilot) member of the tactical air control party
who, from a forward ground or airborne position, controls aircraft in close air support of ground troops.  Also called **FAC.**  See also **close air support.**  (JP 3-09.3)
forward air controller (airborne) - A specifically trained and qualified aviation officer,
normally an airborne extension of the tactical air control party, who exercises control
from the air of aircraft engaged in close air support of ground troops.  Also called FAC(A).  (JP 3-09.3)
forward arming and refueling point - A temporary facility, organized, equipped, and
deployed, to provide fuel and ammunition necessary for the employment of aviation maneuver units in combat.  Also called **FARP.**  (JP 3-09.3)
forward aviation combat engineering - A mobility operation in which engineers perform
tasks in support of forward aviation ground facilities.  See also combat engineering; reconnaissance.  (JP 3-34)
forward edge of the battle area - The foremost limits of a series of areas in which ground
combat units are deployed to coordinate fire support, the positioning of forces, or the maneuver of units, excluding areas in which covering or screening forces are operating. Also called **FEBA.**  (JP 3-09.3)
forward line of own troops - A line that indicates the most forward positions of friendly
forces in any kind of military operation at a specific time.  Also called FLOT.
(JP 3-03)
forward-looking infrared - An airborne, electro-optical, thermal imaging device that
detects far-infrared energy, converts the energy into an electronic signal, and provides a visible image for day or night viewing.  Also called **FLIR.**  (JP 3-09.3)
forward observer - An individual operating with front line troops trained to adjust ground
or naval gunfire and pass back battlefield information.  Also called FO.  See also forward air controller; spotter.  (JP 3-09)
forward operating base - An airfield used to support tactical operations without
establishing full support facilities.  Also called **FOB.**  (JP 3-09.3)
forward operating site - A scalable location outside the United States and its territories
intended for rotational use by operating forces.  Also called **FOS.**  See also cooperative
security location; main operating base.  (JP 4-04)
forward presence - Maintaining forward-deployed or stationed forces overseas to
demonstrate national resolve, strengthen alliances, dissuade potential adversaries, and enhance the ability to respond quickly to contingencies.  (JP 3-32)
forward resuscitative care - Care provided as close to the point of injury as possible based
on current operational requirements to attain stabilization, achieve the most efficient use of lifesaving and limb-saving medical treatment, and provide essential care so the
patient can tolerate evacuation, which is known as Role 2 care in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization doctrine.  Also called **FRC.**  See also essential care; evacuation;
medical treatment facility.  (JP 4-02)

foundation geospatial intelligence data - The base data providing context and a
framework for display and visualization of the environment, which consists of:  features,
elevation, controlled imagery base, geodetic sciences, geographic names and boundaries, aeronautical, maritime, digital point positioning database, and human
geography.  (JP 2-03)
463L system - A material handling system that consists of military and civilian aircraft
cargo restraint rail systems, aircraft pallets, nets, tie down, coupling devices, facilities, handling equipment, procedures, and other components designed to efficiently accomplish the air logistics and aerial delivery mission.  (JP 4-09)
fragmentary order - An abbreviated operation order issued as needed to change or modify
an order or to execute a branch or sequel.  Also called **FRAGORD.**  (JP 5-0)
freedom of navigation operations - Operations conducted to protect United States
navigation, overflight, and related interests on, under, and over the seas.  (JP 3-0)
free-fire area - A specific region into which any weapon system may fire without additional
coordination with the establishing headquarters.  Also called **FFA.**  (JP 3-09)
free mail - Personal correspondence, from a member of the Armed Forces of the United
States or designated civilian, that weighs less than 16 ounces, to include audio and video recorded media, mailed without postage from a Secretary of Defense-approved zone. (JP 1-0)
frequency deconfliction - A systematic management procedure to coordinate the use of
the electromagnetic spectrum for operations, communications, and intelligence functions.  See also electromagnetic spectrum management; electromagnetic
warfare.  (JP 3-85)
friendly - A contact positively identified as a friend using identification, friend or foe and
other techniques.  (JP 3-01)
friendly force information requirement - Information the commander and staff need to
understand the status of friendly force and supporting capabilities.  Also called **FFIR.** (JP 3-0)
friendly force tracking - The process of fixing, observing, and reporting the location and
movement of friendly forces.  Also called **FFT.**  (JP 3-09)
frustrated cargo - Any shipment of supplies and/or equipment which, while en route to
destination, is stopped prior to receipt and for which further disposition instructions must be obtained.  (JP 4-01.5)
full mobilization - Expansion of the active Armed Forces of the United States resulting
from action by Congress and the President to mobilize, for the duration of the emergency plus six months, all Reserve Component units and individuals in the existing approved
force structure, as well as all retired military personnel, and the resources needed for
their support to meet the requirements of a war or other national emergency involving an external threat to the national security.  (JP 4-05)
full-spectrum superiority - The cumulative effect of dominance in the air, land, maritime,
and space domains; electromagnetic spectrum; and information environment (which includes cyberspace) that permits the conduct of joint operations without effective
opposition or prohibitive interference.  (JP 3-0)
function - The broad, general, and enduring role for which an organization is designed,
equipped, and trained.  (JP 1)
functional component command - A command normally, but not necessarily, composed
of forces of two or more Military Departments which may be established across the range
of military operations to perform particular operational missions that may be of short
duration or may extend over a period of time.  See also component; Service component
command.  (JP 1)
functional damage assessment - The estimate of the effect of military force to degrade or
destroy the functional or operational capability of the target to perform its intended
mission and on the level of success in achieving operational objectives established
against the target.  See also **damage assessment; target.**  (JP 3-60)
fusion - In intelligence usage, the process of managing information to conduct all-source
analysis and derive a complete assessment of activity.  (JP 2-0)
general agency agreement - A contract between the Maritime Administration and a
steamship company which, as general agent, exercises administrative control over a
government-owned ship for employment by the Military Sealift Command.  See also
Military Sealift Command.  (JP 3-02)
general cargo - Cargo that is suitable for loading in general, nonspecialized stowage areas
or standard shipping containers (e.g., boxes, barrels, bales, crates, packages, bundles, and pallets).  (JP 4-09)
general engineering - Those engineering capabilities and activities, other than combat
engineering, that provide infrastructure and modify, maintain, or protect the physical environment.  Also called GE.  (JP 3-34)
general military intelligence - Intelligence concerning the military capabilities of foreign
countries or organizations, or topics affecting potential United States or multinational military operations.  Also called **GMI.**  See also **intelligence.**  (JP 2-0)
general support - 1. Support given to the supported force as a whole and not to any
particular subdivision thereof.  See also close support; direct support; mutual
support; support.  2. A tactical artillery mission.  Also called GS.  See also direct
support; general support-reinforcing.  (JP 3-09.3)
general support-reinforcing - The artillery mission of supporting the force as a whole and
of providing reinforcing fires for other artillery units.  (JP 3-09.3)
general unloading period - In amphibious operations, that part of the ship-to-shore
movement in which unloading is primarily logistic in character and emphasizes speed and volume of unloading operations.  See also **initial unloading period.**  (JP 3-02)
geographic coordinates - The quantities of latitude and longitude which define the position
of a point on the surface of the Earth with respect to the reference ellipsoid.  (JP 2-03)
geospatial engineering - Those engineering capabilities and activities that contribute to a
clear understanding of the physical environment by providing geospatial information and
services to commanders and staffs.  See also **geospatial information and services.** (JP 3-34)
geospatial information - Information that identifies the geographic location and
characteristics of natural or constructed features and boundaries on the Earth, including: statistical data and information derived from, among other things, remote sensing,
mapping, and surveying technologies; and mapping, charting, geodetic data and related products.  (JP 2-03)
geospatial information and services - The collection, information extraction,
storage, dissemination, and exploitation of geodetic, geomagnetic, imagery, gravimetric, aeronautical, topographic, hydrographic, littoral, cultural, and
toponymic data accurately referenced to a precise location on the Earth's surface. Also called **GI&S.**  (JP 2-03)

geospatial intelligence - The exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial
information to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically
referenced activities on the Earth.  Geospatial intelligence consists of imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial information.  Also called **GEOINT.**  (JP 2-03)
geospatial-intelligence base for contingency operations - A mobile visualization tool
that provides access to geospatial data where networks or infrastructure have been damaged or do not exist.  Also called **GIBCO.**  (JP 3-68)
geospatial intelligence operations - The tasks, activities, and events to collect, manage,
analyze, generate, visualize, and provide imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial
information necessary to support national and defense missions and international
arrangements.  Also called **GEOINT operations.**  (JP 2-03)
Global Air Transportation Execution System - The Air Mobility Command's aerial port
operations and management information system designed to support automated cargo and passenger processing, the reporting of in-transit visibility data to the Global
Transportation Network, and billing to Air Mobility Command's financial management
directorate.  Also called **GATES.**  See also **Air Mobility Command.**  (JP 3-36)
global campaign plan - Primary means by which the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
or designated combatant commander arranges for unity of effort and purpose and through which they guide the planning, integration, and coordination of joint operations across combatant command areas of responsibility and functional responsibilities.  Also called **GCP.**  (JP 5-0)
Global Combat Support System-Joint - The primary information technology application
used to provide automation support to the joint logistician.  Also called **GCSS-J.**
(JP 4-0)
Global Command and Control System - A deployable system supporting forces for joint
and multinational operations across the range of military operations with compatible,
interoperable, and integrated communications systems.  Also called **GCCS.**  See also
command and control; command and control system.  (JP 6-0)
Global Decision Support System - The command and control system employed by
mobility air forces that provides schedules, arrival and/or departure information, and status data to support in-transit visibility of mobility airlift and air refueling aircraft and aircrews.  Also called **GDSS.**  See also **Air Mobility Command; in-transit visibility.** (JP 3-36)
global distribution - The process that coordinates and synchronizes fulfillment of joint
force requirements from point of origin to point of employment.  See also **distribution.**
(JP 4-09)
global distribution of materiel - The process of providing materiel from the source of
supply to its point of consumption or use on a worldwide basis.  See also global
distribution.  (JP 4-09)
global force management - Processes that align force assignment, apportionment, and
allocation methodologies in support of strategic guidance.  Also call **GFM.**  (JP 3-35)
global integration framework - Strategic framework that integrates joint force actions,
provides initial crisis options, and identifies potential senior leader decisions based on the global response to a priority challenge.  Also called **GIF.**  (JP 5-0)
global maritime partnership - An approach to cooperation among maritime nations with
a shared stake in international commerce, safety, security, and freedom of the seas. (JP 3-32)
global missile defense - Missile defense operations, activities, or actions that affect more
than one combatant command and require synchronization among the affected commands to deter and prevent attacks, destroy enemy missiles, or nullify or reduce the effectiveness of an attack.  Also called **global MD.**  (JP 3-01)
Global Patient Movement Requirements Center - A joint activity reporting directly to
the Commander, United States Transportation Command, which provides medical regulating and aeromedical evacuation scheduling for the continental United States and intertheater operations, provides support to the theater patient movement requirements centers, and coordinates with supporting resource providers to identify available assets and communicates transport to bed plans to the appropriate transportation agency for execution.  Also called **GPMRC.**  See also **medical treatment facility.**  (JP 4-02)
Global Positioning System - A satellite-based radio navigation system operated by the
Department of Defense to provide all military, civil, and commercial users with precise positioning, navigation, and timing.  Also called **GPS.**  (JP 3-14)
global transportation management - The integrated process to satisfy transportation
requirements using the Defense Transportation System to meet national security objectives.  Also called **GTM.**  See also **Defense Transportation System.**  (JP 4-01)
go/no-go - A critical point at which a decision to proceed or not must be made.  (JP 3-02) governance - The state's ability to serve the citizens through the rules, processes, and
behavior by which interests are articulated, resources are managed, and power is
exercised in a society.  (JP 3-24)
ground alert - That status in which aircraft on the ground/deck are fully serviced and
armed, with combat crews in readiness to take off within a specified period of time after receipt of a mission order.  See also **airborne alert.**  (JP 3-01)
ground-based interceptor - A fixed-based, surface-to-air missile for defense against longrange ballistic missiles using an exo-atmospheric hit-to-kill interception of the targeted
reentry vehicle in the midcourse phase of flight.  (JP 3-01)
ground-based midcourse defense - A surface-to-air ballistic missile defense system for
exo-atmospheric midcourse phase interception of long-range ballistic missiles using the ground-based interceptors.  Also called **GMD.**  (JP 3-01)
group - A long-standing functional organization that is formed to support a broad function
within a headquarters.  (JP 3-33)
guarded frequencies - A list of time-oriented, enemy frequencies that are currently being
exploited for combat information and intelligence or jammed after the commander has
weighed the potential operational gain against the loss of the technical information.  See
also **electromagnetic warfare.**  (JP 3-85)
guerrilla force - A group of irregular, predominantly indigenous personnel organized
along military lines to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held,
hostile, or denied territory.  (JP 3-05)
guided missile - An unmanned vehicle moving above the surface of the Earth whose
trajectory or flight path is capable of being altered by an external or internal mechanism.
See also **ballistic missile.**  (JP 3-01)
gun-target line - An imaginary straight line from gun to target.  Also called GTL.
(JP 3-09.3)


half-life - The time required for the activity of a given radioactive species to decrease to
half of its initial value due to radioactive decay.  (JP 3-11)
hasty breach - The creation of lanes through enemy minefields by expedient methods such
as blasting with demolitions, pushing rollers or disabled vehicles through the minefields when the time factor does not permit detailed reconnaissance, deliberate breaching, or bypassing the obstacle.  (JP 3-15)
hazard - A condition with the potential to cause injury, illness, or death of personnel;
damage to or loss of equipment or property; or mission degradation.  See also **injury.** (JP 3-33)
hazardous cargo - Cargo that includes not only large bulk-type categories, such as
explosives; pyrotechnics; petroleum, oils, and lubricants; compressed gases; and corrosives and batteries, but lesser-quantity materials like super-tropical bleach
(oxiderizer), pesticides, poisons, medicines, and specialized medical chemicals and
medical waste that can be loaded as cargo.  (JP 3-02)
hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels - The potential hazard that is created when
volatile combustibles, such as fuel, are exposed to electromagnetic fields of sufficient energy to cause ignition.  Also called **HERF.**  (JP 3-02)
hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance - The danger of accidental actuation of
electro-explosive devices or otherwise electrically activating ordnance because of radio frequency electromagnetic fields.  Also called **HERO.**  See also **ordnance.**  (JP 3-02)
head of a contracting activity - The official who has overall responsibility for managing
the contracting activity.  Also called **HCA.**  (JP 4-10)
head-up display - A display of flight, navigation, attack, or other information
superimposed upon the pilot's forward field of view.  See also **flight.**  (JP 3-09.3)
health care provider - Any member of the Armed Forces, civilian employee of the
Department of Defense, or personal services contract employee under Title 10, United States Code, Section 1091 authorized by the Department of Defense to perform health care functions.  Also called **DOD health care provider.**  (JP 4-02)
health service support - All services performed, provided, or arranged to promote,
improve, conserve, or restore the mental or physical well-being of personnel.  Also called **HSS.**  (JP 4-02)
health surveillance - The regular or repeated collection, analysis, and interpretation of
health-related data and the dissemination of information to monitor the health of a population and to identify potential health risks, thereby enabling timely interventions to prevent, treat, reduce, or control disease and injury, which includes occupational and
environmental health surveillance and medical surveillance subcomponents.  (JP 4-02)
health threat - A composite of ongoing or potential enemy actions; adverse environmental,
occupational, and geographic and meteorological conditions; endemic diseases; and
employment of chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons (to include weapons of mass destruction) that have the potential to affect the short- or long-term health (including psychological impact) of personnel.  (JP 4-02)
heavy-lift cargo - 1. Any single cargo lift, weighing over 5 long tons, and to be handled
aboard ship.  2. In Marine Corps usage, individual units of cargo that exceed 800 pounds in weight or 100 cubic feet in volume.  (JP 4-01.5)
heavy-lift ship - A ship specially designed and capable of loading and unloading heavy
and bulky items and has booms of sufficient capacity to accommodate a single lift of 100 tons.  (JP 3-36)
height of burst - The vertical distance from the Earth's surface or target to the point of
burst.  Also called **HOB.**  (JP 3-41)
H-hour - 1. The specific hour on D-day at which a particular operation commences.
(JP 5-0)  2. In amphibious operations, the time the first landing craft or amphibious
vehicle of the waterborne wave lands or is scheduled to land on the beach and, in some cases, the commencement of countermine breaching operations.  (JP 3-02)
high-altitude bombing - Horizontal bombing with the height of release over 15,000 feet.
(JP 3-09.3)
high-altitude missile engagement zone - In air and missile defense, that airspace of
defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats normally rests with high-altitude surface-to-air missiles.  Also called **HIMEZ.** (JP 3-01)
high-density airspace control zone - Airspace designated in an airspace control plan or
airspace control order in which there is a concentrated employment of numerous and varied weapons and airspace users.  Also called **HIDACZ.**  (JP 3-52)
high-payoff target - A target whose loss to the enemy will significantly contribute to the
success of the friendly course of action.  Also called **HPT.**  See also high-value target;
target.  (JP 3-60)
high-risk personnel - Personnel who, by their grade, assignment, symbolic value, or
relative isolation, are likely to be attractive or accessible terrorist targets.  Also called
HRP.  See also **antiterrorism.**  (JP 3-26)
high seas - The open ocean area that is over 200 nautical miles from shore.  (JP 3-32) high-value airborne asset protection - A defensive counterair mission using fighter
escorts that defend airborne national assets which are so important that the loss of even one could seriously impact United States warfighting capabilities or provide the enemy
with significant propaganda value.  Also called **HVAA protection.**  See also defensive counterair.  (JP 3-01)

high-value target - A target the enemy commander requires for the successful completion
of the mission.  Also called **HVT.**  See also **high-payoff target; target.**  (JP 3-60)
homeland - The physical region that includes the continental United States, Alaska,
Hawaii, United States territories, and surrounding territorial waters and airspace.
(JP 3-28)
homeland defense - The protection of United States sovereignty, territory, domestic
population, and critical infrastructure against external threats and aggression or other
threats as directed by the President.  Also called HD.  (JP 3-27)
homeland security - A concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the
United States; reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, major disasters, and other emergencies; and minimize the damage and recover from attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies that occur.  Also called HS.  (JP 3-27)
home station - The permanent location of active duty units and Reserve Component units.
See also **active duty; Reserve Component.**  (JP 4-05)
homing - The technique whereby a mobile station directs itself, or is directed, towards a
source of primary or reflected energy, or to a specified point.  (JP 3-50)
homing adaptor - A device, when used with an aircraft radio receiver, that produces aural
and/or visual signals indicating the direction of a transmitting radio station with respect
to the heading of the aircraft.  (JP 3-50)
horizontal stowage - The lateral distribution of unit equipment or categories of supplies
so they can be unloaded simultaneously from two or more holds.  (JP 3-02)
hostage rescue - A personnel recovery method used to recover isolated personnel who are
specifically designated as hostages.  Also called HR.  (JP 3-50)
hostile act - An attack or other use of force against the United States, United States forces,
or other designated persons or property to preclude or impede the mission and/or duties of United States forces, including the recovery of United States personnel or vital United
States Government property.  (JP 3-28)
hostile environment - Operational environment in which host government forces, whether
opposed to or receptive to operations that a unit intends to conduct, do not have control
of the territory and population in the intended operational area.  (JP 3-0)
hostile intent - The threat of imminent use of force against the United States, United States
forces, or other designated persons or property.  (JP 3-01)
host nation - A nation which receives forces and/or supplies from allied nations and/or
North Atlantic Treaty Organization to be located on, to operate in, or to transit through its territory.  Also called HN.  (JP 3-57)
host-nation support - Civil and/or military assistance rendered by a nation to foreign
forces within its territory during peacetime, crises or emergencies, or war based on
agreements mutually concluded between nations.  Also called **HNS.**  See also host
nation.  (JP 4-0)
hub - An organization that sorts and distributes inbound cargo from wholesale supply
sources (airlifted, sealifted, and ground transportable) and/or from within the theater.
See also hub and spoke distribution; **spoke.**  (JP 4-09)
hub and spoke distribution - A physical distribution system, in which a major port serves
as a central point from which cargo is moved to and from several radiating points to
increase transportation efficiencies and in-transit visibility.  See also  **distribution;**
distribution system; hub; in-transit visibility; **spoke.**  (JP 4-09)
human factors - The physical, cultural, psychological, and behavioral attributes of an
individual or group that influence perceptions, understanding, and interactions.
(JP 2-0)
human intelligence - A category of intelligence derived from information collected and
provided by human sources.  Also called **HUMINT.**  (JP 2-0)
humanitarian and civic assistance - Assistance to the local populace, specifically
authorized by Title 10, United States Code, Section 401, and funded under separate
authorities, provided by predominantly United States forces in conjunction with military
operations.  Also called **HCA.**  See also **foreign humanitarian assistance.**  (JP 3-29)
humanitarian assistance coordination center - A temporary center established by a
geographic combatant commander to assist with interagency coordination and planning
during the early planning and coordination stages of foreign humanitarian assistance
operations.  Also called **HACC.**  See also foreign humanitarian assistance; interagency coordination.  (JP 3-29)
humanitarian demining assistance - The activities related to the furnishing of education,
training, and technical assistance with respect to explosive safety, the detection and
clearance of land mines, unexploded explosive ordnance, and other explosive remnants
of war.  (JP 3-29)
humanitarian mine action - Activities that strive to reduce the social, economic, and
environmental impact of land mines, unexploded ordnance, and small arms ammunition.
Also called **HMA.**  (JP 3-15)
humanitarian operations center - An international and interagency body that coordinates
the overall relief strategy and unity of effort among all participants in a large foreign humanitarian assistance operation.  Also called **HOC.**  See also **operation.**  (JP 3-29)
hydrographic reconnaissance - Reconnaissance of an area of water to determine depths;
beach gradients; the nature of the bottom; and the location of coral reefs, rocks, shoals, and man-made obstacles.  (JP 3-02)
hygiene services - The provision of personal hygiene facilities and waste collection, and
the cleaning, repair, replacement, and return of individual clothing and equipment items
in a deployed environment.  (JP 4-0)
hyperspectral imagery - Term used to describe the imagery derived from subdividing the
electromagnetic spectrum into very narrow bandwidths allowing images useful in
precise terrain or target analysis to be formed.  Also called **HSI.**  (JP 2-03)


Intentionally Blank


identification - 1. The process of determining the friendly or hostile character of an
unknown detected contact.  2. In arms control, the process of determining which nation is responsible for the detected violations of any arms control measure.  3. In ground combat operations, discrimination between recognizable objects as being friendly or enemy, or the name that belongs to the object as a member of a class.  Also called ID.
(JP 3-01)
identification, friend or foe - A device that emits a signal positively identifying it as a
friendly.  Also called **IFF.**  See also **air defense.**  (JP 3-52)
identification maneuver - A maneuver performed for identification purposes.  (JP 3-52) identity intelligence - The intelligence resulting from the processing of identity attributes
concerning individuals, groups, networks, or populations of interest.  Also called I2. (JP 2-0)
imagery - A likeness or presentation of any natural or man-made feature or related object
or activity, and the positional data acquired at the same time the likeness or representation was acquired, including: products produced by space-based national intelligence reconnaissance systems; and likeness and presentations produced by satellites, airborne platforms, unmanned aerial vehicles, or other similar means (except
that such term does not include handheld or clandestine photography taken by or on
behalf of human intelligence collection organizations).  (JP 2-03)
imagery exploitation - The cycle of processing, using, interpreting, mensuration and/or
manipulating imagery, and any assembly or consolidation of the results for dissemination.  (JP 2-03)
imagery intelligence - The technical, geographic, and intelligence information derived
through the interpretation or analysis of imagery and collateral materials.  Also called IMINT.  See also **intelligence.**  (JP 2-03)
immediate air support - Air support to meet specific requests that arise during the course
of a battle and cannot be planned in advance.  (JP 3-09.3)
immediate decontamination - Decontamination carried out by individuals immediately
upon becoming contaminated to save lives, minimize casualties, and limit the spread of
contamination.  Also called **emergency decontamination.**  See also contamination;
decontamination.  (JP 3-11)
immediate response - Any form of immediate action taken in the United States and
territories to save lives, prevent human suffering, or mitigate great property damage in response to a request for assistance from a civil authority, under imminently serious
conditions when time does not permit approval from a higher authority.  (JP 3-28)
implementation - Procedures governing the mobilization of the force and the deployment,
employment, and sustainment of military operations in response to execute orders issued
by the Secretary of Defense.  (JP 5-0)
implied task - In the context of planning, a task derived during mission analysis that an
organization must perform or prepare to perform to accomplish a specified task or the
mission, but which is not stated in the higher headquarters order.  See also essential
task; specified task.  (JP 5-0)
improvised explosive device - A weapon that is fabricated or emplaced in an
unconventional manner incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or
incendiary chemicals.  Also called **IED.**  (JP 3-15.1)
improvised nuclear device - A device incorporating fissile materials designed or
constructed outside of an official government agency that has, appears to have, or is claimed to be a nuclear weapon that is no longer in the control of a competent authority or custodian or has been modified from its designated firing sequence.  Also call **IND.**
(JP 3-42)
inactive duty training - Authorized training performed by a member of a Reserve
Component not on active duty or active duty for training and consisting of regularly scheduled unit training assemblies, additional training assemblies, periods of appropriate
duty or equivalent training, and any special additional duties authorized for Reserve
Component personnel by the Secretary concerned, and performed by them in connection
with the prescribed activities of the organization in which they are assigned with or
without pay.  See also **active duty for training.**  (JP 1)
incapacitating agent - A chemical agent, which produces temporary disabling conditions
that can be physical or mental and persist for hours or days after exposure to the agent has ceased.  (JP 3-11)
incident - An occurrence, caused by either human action or natural phenomena, that
requires action to prevent or minimize loss of life or damage to, loss of, or other risks to
property, information, and/or natural resources.  See also **information operations.**
(JP 3-28)
incident awareness and assessment - The processing, analysis, and dissemination of
information collected or acquired through the authorized use of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, and other intelligence, intelligence-related, and/or non-intelligence capabilities, during defense support of civil authorities and National
Guard domestic operations.  Also called **IAA.**  (JP 3-28)
incident command system - A standardized on-scene emergency management construct
designed to aid in the management of resources during incidents.  Also called **ICS.** (JP 3-28)
incident management - A national comprehensive approach to preventing, preparing for,
responding to, and recovering from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other
emergencies.  (JP 3-28)
incremental costs - Costs additional to the Service appropriations that would not have been
incurred absent support of the contingency operation.  See also financial management. (JP 3-80)
indications - In intelligence usage, information in various degrees of evaluation, all of
which bear on the intention of a potential enemy to adopt or reject a course of action. (JP 2-0)
indicator - 1.  In intelligence usage, an item of information which reflects the intention or
capability of an adversary to adopt or reject a course of action.  (JP 2-0)  2. In operations security usage, data derived from friendly detectable actions and open-source information that an adversary can interpret and piece together to reach conclusions or
estimates of friendly intentions, capabilities, or activities. (JP 3-13.3) 3. In the context of assessment, a specific piece of information that infers the condition, state, or existence of something, and provides a reliable means to ascertain performance or effectiveness. (JP 5-0)
indigenous populations and institutions - The societal framework of an operational
environment including citizens; legal and illegal immigrants; dislocated civilians; and
governmental, tribal, ethnic, religious, commercial, and private organizations and entities.  Also called **IPI.**  (JP 3-57)
individual mobilization augmentee - An individual reservist attending drills who receives
training and is preassigned to an Active Component organization, a Selective Service System, or a Federal Emergency Management Agency billet that must be filled on, or shortly after, mobilization.  Also called **IMA.**  (JP 4-05)
individual protective equipment - The personal clothing and equipment provided to all
military, government civilians, and contractors authorized to accompany the force
required to protect an individual from chemical, biological, and radiological hazards and some nuclear hazards.  Also called **IPE.**  (JP 3-11)
Individual Ready Reserve - A manpower pool consisting of individuals who have had
some training or who have served previously in the Active Component or in the Selected
Reserve and may have some period of their military service obligation remaining.  Also called **IRR.**  See also **Selected Reserve.**  (JP 4-05)
industrial mobilization - The transformation of industry from its peacetime activity to the
industrial program necessary to support the national military objectives.  See also
mobilization.  (JP 4-05)
industrial preparedness - The state of preparedness of industry to produce essential
materiel to support the national military objectives.  (JP 4-05)
industrial preparedness program - Plans, actions, or measures for the transformation of
the industrial base, both government-owned and civilian-owned, from its peacetime activity to the emergency program necessary to support the national military objectives. (JP 4-05)
influence mine -  A mine actuated by the effect of a target on some physical condition in
the vicinity of the mine or on radiations emanating from the mine.  See also mine.
(JP 3-15)
influence sweep - A sweep designed to produce an influence similar to that produced by a
ship and thus actuate mines.  (JP 3-15)
information environment - The aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that
collect, process, disseminate, or act on information.  (JP 3-13)
information exchange requirement - An exchange of information that is essential to
command and control, enabling the situational needs of the joint task force and
component commanders' to support force employment and decision making.  Also called **IER.**  (JP 3-33)
information management - The function of managing an organization's information
resources for the handling of data and information acquired by one or many different
systems, individuals, and organizations in a way that optimizes access by all who have a share in that data or a right to that information.  Also called IM.  (JP 3-0)
information operations - The integrated employment, during military operations, of
information-related capabilities in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision-making of adversaries and potential adversaries
while protecting our own.  Also called IO.  See also electromagnetic warfare; military
deception; military information support operations; operations security.  (JP 3-13)
information operations force - A force consisting of units, staff elements, individual
military professionals in the Active and Reserve Components, and DOD civilian
employees who conduct or directly support the integration of information-related capabilities against adversaries and potential adversaries during military operations as well as those who train these professionals.  Also called **IO force.**  (DODD 3600.01)
information operations intelligence integration - The integration of intelligence
disciplines and analytic methods to characterize and forecast, identify vulnerabilities,
determine effects, and assess the information environment.  Also called **IOII.**  (JP 3-13)
information-related capability - A tool, technique, or activity employed within a
dimension of the information environment that can be used to create effects and
operationally desirable conditions.  Also called **IRC.**  (JP 3-13)
information report - A report used to forward raw information collected to fulfill
intelligence requirements.  (JP 2-01)
information requirements - In intelligence usage, those items of information regarding
the adversary and other relevant aspects of the operational environment that need to be collected and processed in order to meet the intelligence requirements of a commander. Also called IR.  See also **priority intelligence requirement.**  (JP 2-0)
information superiority - The operational advantage derived from the ability to collect,
process, and disseminate an uninterrupted flow of information while exploiting or
denying an adversary's ability to do the same.  See also **information operations.** (JP 3-13)
infrared imagery - That imagery produced as a result of sensing electromagnetic
radiations emitted or reflected from a given target surface in the infrared portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 0.72 to 1,000 microns).  (JP 2-03)
infrared pointer - A low-power laser device operating in the near infrared light spectrum
that is visible with light-amplifying, night-vision devices.  (JP 3-09.3)
initial contingency location - A locale occupied by a force in immediate response to a
contingency operation and characterized by austere infrastructure and limited services with little or no external support except through Service-organic capabilities.  (JP 4-04)
initial reception point - In personnel recovery, a secure area or facility under friendly control
where initial reception of recovered isolated personnel can safely take place.  (JP 3-50)
initial unloading period - In amphibious operations, that part of the ship-to-shore movement
in which unloading is primarily tactical in character and must be instantly responsive to
landing force requirements.  See also **general unloading period.**  (JP 3-02)
initiating directive - An order to a subordinate commander to conduct military operations
as directed.  Also called ID.  (JP 3-18)
injury - 1. A term comprising such conditions as fractures, wounds, sprains, strains,
dislocations, concussions, and compressions.  2. Conditions resulting from extremes of temperature or prolonged exposure.  3. Acute poisonings (except those due to
contaminated food) resulting from exposure to a toxic or poisonous substance.  See also casualty.  (JP 4-02)
inland petroleum distribution system - A multi-product system consisting of both
commercially available and military standard petroleum equipment that can be
assembled by military personnel and, when assembled into an integrated petroleum distribution system, provides the military with the capability required to support an operational force with bulk fuels.  Also called **IPDS.**  (JP 4-03)
inner transport area - In amphibious operations, an area as close to the landing beach as
depth of water, navigational hazards, boat traffic, and enemy action permit, to which
transports may move to expedite unloading.  See also outer transport area; transport area.  (JP 3-02)
instrument meteorological conditions - Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of
visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, less than minimums specified for visual meteorological conditions.  (JP 3-02)
instruments of national power - All of the means available to the government in its pursuit
of national objectives.  They are expressed as diplomatic, economic, informational and
military.  (JP 1)
in support of - Assisting or protecting another formation, unit, or organization while
remaining under original control.  (JP 1)
insurgency - The organized use of subversion and violence to seize, nullify, or challenge
political control of a region.  Insurgency can also refer to the group itself.  (JP 3-24)
integrated air and missile defense - The integration of capabilities and overlapping
operations to defend the homeland and United States national interests, protect the joint
force, and enable freedom of action by negating an enemy's ability to create adverse effects from their air and missile capabilities.  Also called **IAMD.**  (JP 3-01)
integrated consumable item support - A decision support system that takes time-phased
force and deployment data and calculates the ability of the Defense Logistics Agency to
support those plans.  Also called **ICIS.**  (JP 4-03)
Integrated Data Environment/Global Transportation Network Convergence - The intransit visibility system of record providing expanded common integrated data and application services enabling a common logistics picture, distribution visibility, and materiel asset/in-transit visibility for distribution solutions.  Also called **IGC.**  (JP 4-09)
integrated financial operations - The integration, synchronization, prioritization, and
targeting of fiscal resources and capabilities across United States departments and agencies, multinational partners, and nongovernmental organizations against an adversary and in support of the population.  Also called **IFO.**  (JP 3-80)
integrated logistic support - A composite of all the support considerations necessary to
assure the effective and economical support of a system for its life cycle.  (JP 4-01.5)
integrated materiel management - The exercise of total Department of Defense-level
management responsibility for a federal supply group or class, commodity, or item for a single agency, which normally includes computation of requirements, funding, budgeting, storing, issuing, cataloging, standardizing, and procuring functions.  Also called **IMM.**  (JP 4-09)
integrated staff - A staff in which one officer only is appointed to each post on the
establishment of the headquarters, irrespective of nationality and Service.  See also
multinational staff; joint staff.  (JP 3-16)
integration - 1. In force protection, the synchronized transfer of units into an operational
commander's force prior to mission execution.  (JP 1) 2. The arrangement of military
forces and their actions to create a force that operates by engaging as a whole.  (JP 1) 3.

In photography, a process by which the average radar picture seen on several scans of the time base may be obtained on a print, or the process by which several photographic images are combined into a single image.  (JP 1)  4. In intelligence usage, the application of the intelligence to appropriate missions, tasks, and functions.  See also force protection.  (JP 2-01)

intelligence - 1. The product resulting from the collection, processing, integration,
evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign nations, hostile or potentially hostile forces or elements, or areas of actual or potential operations.  2. The activities that result in the product.  3. The organizations engaged in
such activities.  See also acoustic intelligence; all-source intelligence; communications intelligence; critical intelligence; domestic intelligence; electronic intelligence; foreign intelligence; foreign instrumentation signals intelligence; general military intelligence; imagery intelligence; joint intelligence; measurement and signature intelligence; medical intelligence; national intelligence; open-source
intelligence; operational intelligence; scientific and technical intelligence; strategic intelligence; tactical intelligence; target intelligence; technical intelligence. (JP 2-0)
intelligence asset - Any resource utilized by an intelligence organization for an operational
support role.  (JP 2-0)
intelligence community - All departments or agencies of a government that are concerned
with intelligence activity, either in an oversight, managerial, support, or participatory role.  Also called IC.  (JP 2-0)
intelligence discipline - A well-defined area of intelligence planning, collection,
processing, exploitation, analysis, and reporting using a specific category of technical or human resources.  See also counterintelligence; human intelligence; imagery intelligence; intelligence; measurement and signature intelligence; open-source intelligence; signals intelligence; technical intelligence.  (JP 2-0)
intelligence estimate - The appraisal, expressed in writing or orally, of available
intelligence relating to a specific situation or condition with a view to determining the courses of action open to the enemy or adversary and the order of probability of their
adoption.  (JP 2-0)
intelligence federation - An agreement in which a combatant command joint intelligence
operations center receives intelligence support from other joint intelligence centers, Service intelligence organizations, reserve organizations, and national agencies.
(JP 2-01)
intelligence information report - A formatted message utilized as the primary vehicle for
providing human intelligence information to the customer via automated intelligence
community databases.  Also called **IIR.**  (JP 2-01.2)
intelligence interrogation - The systematic process of using approved interrogation
approaches to question a captured or detained person to obtain reliable information to
satisfy intelligence requirements, consistent with applicable law.  (JP 2-01.2)
intelligence mission management - A systematic process by an intelligence staff to
proactively and continuously formulate and revise command intelligence requirements and track the resulting information through the processing, exploitation, and dissemination process to satisfy user requirements.  Also called **IMM.**  (JP 2-01)
intelligence operations - The variety of intelligence and counterintelligence tasks that are
carried out by various intelligence organizations and activities within the intelligence process.  See also analysis and production; collection; dissemination; evaluation
and feedback; planning and direction; processing and exploitation.  (JP 2-01)
intelligence planning - The intelligence component of the Adaptive Planning and
Execution system, which coordinates and integrates all available Defense Intelligence
Enterprise capabilities to meet combatant commander intelligence requirements.  Also called IP.  (JP 2-0)
intelligence preparation of the battlespace - The analytical methodologies employed by
the Services or joint force component commands to reduce uncertainties concerning the
enemy, environment, time, and terrain.  Also called **IPB.**  See also joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment.  (JP 2-01.3)
intelligence process - The process by which information is converted into intelligence and
made available to users, consisting of the six interrelated intelligence operations: planning and direction, collection, processing and exploitation, analysis and production, dissemination and integration, and evaluation and feedback.  See also analysis and
production; collection; dissemination; evaluation and feedback; intelligence; planning and direction; processing and exploitation.  (JP 2-01)
intelligence production - The integration, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of
information from single or multiple sources into finished intelligence for known or anticipated military and related national security consumer requirements.  (JP 2-0)
intelligence report - A specific report of information, usually on a single item, made at
any level of command in tactical operations and disseminated as rapidly as possible in keeping with the timeliness of the information.  (JP 2-01)
intelligence reporting - Intelligence information prepared by the collector and transmitted
to one or more intelligence-producing components.  (JP 2-01.2)
intelligence requirement - 1. Any subject, general or specific, upon which there is a need
for the collection of information, or the production of intelligence.  2. A requirement for intelligence to fill a gap in the command's knowledge or understanding of the
operational environment or threat forces.  Also called IR.  See also intelligence;
priority intelligence requirement.  (JP 2-0)
intelligence source - The means or system that can be used to observe and record
information relating to the condition, situation, or activities of a targeted location, organization, or individual.  See also **intelligence; source.**  (JP 2-0)
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance - 1. An integrated operations and
intelligence activity that synchronizes and integrates the planning and operation of sensors, assets, and processing, exploitation, and dissemination systems in direct support of current and future operations.  2. The organizations or assets conducting such activities.  Also called **ISR.**  See also intelligence; intelligence, surveillance, and
reconnaissance visualization; reconnaissance; surveillance.  (JP 2-01)
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance visualization - The capability to
graphically display the current and future locations of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance sensors, their projected platform tracks, vulnerability to threat capabilities and meteorological and oceanographic phenomena, fields of regard, tasked collection targets, and products to provide a basis for dynamic retasking and timesensitive decision making.  Also called **ISR visualization.**  See also intelligence;
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; reconnaissance; surveillance.
(JP 2-01)
intelligence system - Any formal or informal system to manage data gathering, to obtain
and process the data, to interpret the data, and to provide reasoned judgments to decision makers as a basis for action.  (JP 2-01)
interagency - Of or pertaining to United States Government agencies and departments,
including the Department of Defense.  See also **interagency coordination.**  (JP 3-08)
interagency coordination - Within the context of Department of Defense involvement,
the coordination that occurs between elements of Department of Defense and
participating United States Government departments and agencies for the purpose of achieving an objective.  (JP 3-0)
intercontinental ballistic missile - A long-range ballistic missile with a range capability
greater than 3,000 nautical miles.  Also called **ICBM.**  (JP 3-01)
interdiction - 1. An action to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy's military surface
capability before it can be used effectively against friendly forces, or to achieve enemy objectives.  2. In support of law enforcement, activities conducted to divert, disrupt,
delay, intercept, board, detain, or destroy, under lawful authority, vessels, vehicles,
aircraft, people, cargo, and money.   See also **air interdiction.**  (JP 3-03)
intermediate-range ballistic missile - A ballistic missile with a range capability from
1,500 to 3,000 nautical miles.  Also called **IRBM.**  (JP 3-01)
intermediate staging base - A tailorable, temporary location used for staging forces,
sustainment, and/or extraction into and out of an operational area.  Also called **ISB.**  See also **base; staging base.**  (JP 3-35)
intermodal - Type of international freight system that permits transshipping among sea,
highway, rail, and air modes of transportation through use of American National Standards Institute and International Organization for Standardization containers, linehaul assets, and handling equipment.  (JP 4-09)
internal audience - In public affairs, United States military members and Department of
Defense civilian employees and their immediate families.  See also external audience; public.  (JP 3-61)
internal defense and development - The full range of measures taken by a nation to
promote its growth and to protect itself from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security.  Also called **IDAD.**  See also foreign internal
defense.  (JP 3-22)
internally displaced person - Any person who has been forced or obliged to flee or to
leave their home or places of habitual residence, in particular, as a result of or to avoid
the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights, or natural or human-made disasters and who has not crossed an internationally
recognized state border.  Also called **IDP.**  (JP 3-29)
internal security - The state of law and order prevailing within a nation.  (JP 3-08)
international chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear response - United States
Government activity that assists foreign governments in responding to the effects from
an intentional or accidental chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incident on foreign territory.  Also called **ICBRN-R.**  (JP 3-41)
international military education and training - Formal or informal instruction provided
to foreign military students, units, and forces on a nonreimbursable (grant) basis by
offices or employees of the United States, contract technicians, and contractors, and the
instruction may include correspondence courses; technical, educational, or informational publications; and media of all kinds.  Also called **IMET.**  See also United
States Military Service funded foreign **training.**  (JP 3-20)
interoperability - 1. The ability to act together coherently, effectively, and efficiently to
achieve tactical, operational, and strategic objectives.  (JP 3-0)  2. The condition
achieved among communications-electronics systems or items of communicationselectronics equipment when information or services can be exchanged directly and satisfactorily between them and/or their users.  (JP 6-0)
interorganizational cooperation - The interaction that occurs among elements of the
Department of Defense; participating United States Government departments and agencies; state, territorial, local, and tribal agencies; foreign military forces and government agencies; international organizations; nongovernmental organizations; and the private sector.  (JP 3-08)
interpretation - A part of the analysis and production phase in the intelligence process in
which the significance of information is judged in relation to the current body of knowledge.  See also **intelligence process.**  (JP 2-01)
inter-Service support - Action by one Service or element thereof to provide logistics
and/or administrative support to another Service or element thereof.  See also **support.** (JP 4-0)
intertheater airlift - The common-user airlift linking theaters to the continental United
States and to other theaters, as well as the airlift within the continental United States.
See also **intratheater airlift.**  (JP 3-36)
intertheater patient movement - Moving patients between, into, and out of the different
theaters of the geographic combatant commands and into the continental United States or another supporting theater.  See also en route care; evacuation; intratheater patient movement.  (JP 4-02)
in-transit visibility The ability to track the identity, status, and location of Department of
Defense units, and non-unit cargo (excluding bulk petroleum, oils, and lubricants), and passengers, patients, and personal property from origin to consignee or destination.  Also called **ITV.**  (JP 3-36)
intratheater airlift - Airlift conducted within a theater with forces assigned to a combatant
commander or attached to a subordinate joint force commander.  See also intertheater airlift.  (JP 3-36)
intratheater patient movement - Moving patients within the theater of a combatant
command or within the continental United States.  See also en route care; evacuation; intertheater patient movement.  (JP 4-02)
inventory control - That phase of military logistics that includes managing, cataloging,
requirements determinations, procurement, distribution, overhaul, and disposal of materiel.  Also called inventory management; materiel control; materiel management; supply management.  (JP 4-09)
inventory control point - An organizational unit or activity within a Department of
Defense supply system that is assigned the primary responsibility for the materiel inventory management of a group of items either for a particular Service or for the
Defense Department as a whole.  Also called **ICP.**  (JP 4-09)
ionizing radiation - Particulate (alpha, beta, and neutron) and electromagnetic (X-ray and
gamma) radiation of sufficient energy to displace electrons from atoms, producing ions. (JP 3-11)
irregular warfare - A violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and
influence over the relevant population(s).  Also called IW.  (JP 1)
isolated personnel - United States military, Department of Defense civilians and
contractor personnel (and others designated by the President or Secretary of Defense) who are separated from their unit (as an individual or a group) while participating in a United States sponsored military activity or mission and are, or may be, in a situation where they must survive, evade, resist, or escape.  See also combat search and rescue; search and rescue.  (JP 3-50)
isolated personnel report - A Department of Defense form containing information
designed to facilitate the identification and authentication of an isolated person by a
recovery force.  Also called **ISOPREP.**  See also **authentication; evader.**  (JP 3-50)
item manager - An individual within the organization of an inventory control point or
other such organization assigned management responsibility for one or more specific items of materiel.  (JP 4-09) joint - Connotes activities, operations, organizations, etc., in which elements of two or
more Military Departments participate.  (JP 1)
joint air component coordination element - A general term for the liaison element that
serves as the direct representative of the joint force air component commander for joint air operations.  Also called **JACCE.**  (JP 3-30)
joint air-ground integration center - A staff organization designed to enhance joint
collaborative efforts to deconflict joint air-ground assets in the division's airspace.  Also
called **JAGIC.**  (JP 3-09.3)
joint air operations - Air operations performed with air capabilities/forces made available
by components in support of the joint force commander's operation or campaign objectives, or in support of other components of the joint force.  (JP 3-30)
joint air operations center - A jointly staffed facility established for planning, directing,
and executing joint air operations in support of the joint force commander's operation
or campaign objectives.  Also called **JAOC.**  See also **joint air operations.**  (JP 3-30)
joint air operations plan - A plan for a connected series of joint air operations to achieve
the joint force commander's objectives within a given time and joint operational area.
Also called **JAOP.**  See also **joint air operations.**  (JP 3-30)
joint base - In base defense operations, a locality from which operations of two or more of
the Military Departments are projected or supported and which is manned by significant elements of two or more Military Departments or in which significant elements of two
or more Military Departments are located.  See also **base.**  (JP 3-10)
joint captured materiel exploitation center - An element responsible for deriving
intelligence information from captured enemy materiel.  It is normally subordinate to
the intelligence directorate of a joint staff.  Also called **JCMEC.**  (JP 2-01)
joint civil-military operations task force - A joint task force composed of civil-military
operations units from more than one Service.  Also called **JCMOTF.**  See also civilmilitary operations; joint task force.  (JP 3-57)
joint combined exchange training - A program conducted within a host nation to fulfill
United States forces training requirements and at the same time exchange the sharing of skills between United States forces and host nation counterparts.  Also called **JCET.**  (JP 3-05)
joint communications network - The aggregation of the joint multichannel trunking and
switching system and the joint command and control communications system(s) in a
theater.  (JP 6-0)
joint contracting support board - A board established to coordinate and deconflict
common contracting actions in the designated operational area.  Also called **JCSB.**  See also combatant commander logistics procurement support board; joint
requirements review board.  (JP 4-10)
joint counterintelligence unit - An organization composed of Service and Department of
Defense agency counterintelligence personnel that is formed under the authority of the Secretary of Defense, assigned to a combatant commander, and focused on strategic and operational counterintelligence missions.  Also called **JCIU.**  (JP 2-01.2)
joint data network operations officer - The joint task force operations directorate officer
responsible to the commander for integrating data from supporting components into a
common database used to generate the common tactical picture.  Also called **JDNO.**
(JP 3-01)
joint deployable intelligence support system - A transportable workstation and
communications suite that electronically extends a joint intelligence center to a joint task force or other tactical user.  Also called **JDISS.**  (JP 2-0)
joint deployment and distribution enterprise - The complex of equipment, procedures,
doctrine, leaders, technical connectivity, information, shared knowledge, organizations,
facilities, training, and materiel necessary to conduct joint distribution operations.  Also called **JDDE.**  (JP 4-0)
joint deployment and distribution operations center - A combatant command
movement control organization designed to synchronize and optimize national and theater multimodal resources for deployment, distribution, and sustainment,  Also called JDDOC.  (JP 4-09)
joint desired point of impact - A unique, alpha-numeric-coded precise aimpoint
associated with a target to achieve an explicit weaponeering objective and identified by
a three-dimensional (latitude, longitude, elevation) mensurated coordinate.  Also called JDPI.  See also **aimpoint; desired point of impact.**  (JP 3-60)
joint distribution - The operational process of synchronizing all elements of the joint
logistics system using the joint deployment and distribution enterprise for end-to-end movement of forces and materiel from point of origin to the designated point of need.
(JP 4-09)
joint doctrine - Fundamental principles that guide the employment of United States
military forces in coordinated action toward a common objective and may include terms,
tactics, techniques, and procedures.  See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual; joint publication; multinational doctrine.  (CJCSI 5120.02)
joint doctrine development community - The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Joint
Staff; combatant commands; Services; National Guard Bureau; combat support agencies; National Defense University; United States Element, North American Aerospace Defense
Command; and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-controlled activities.  Also called JDDC.  (CJCSI 5120.02)

Joint Doctrine Development System - The system of lead agents, Joint Staff doctrine
sponsors, primary review authorities, coordinating review authorities, technical review authorities, assessment agents, Joint Doctrine Planning Conferences, procedures, and the hierarchical framework designed to initiate, develop, approve, and maintain joint
publications.  See also **joint doctrine; joint doctrine development community.**
(CJCSI 5120.02)
Joint Doctrine Planning Conference - A forum convened semiannually to address and
vote on project proposals; discuss key joint doctrinal and operational issues; discuss potential changes to the joint doctrine development process; keep up to date on the status
of the joint publication projects and emerging publications; and keep abreast of other
initiatives of interest to the members.  Also called **JDPC.**  See also joint doctrine; joint publication.  (CJCSM 5120.01)
joint document exploitation center - An element, normally subordinate to the intelligence
directorate of a joint staff, responsible for deriving intelligence information from captured documents including all forms of electronic data and other forms of stored textual and graphic information.  Also called **JDEC.**  See also **intelligence.**
(JP 2-01)
joint electromagnetic spectrum operations - Military actions undertaken by a joint force
to exploit, attack, protect, and manage the electromagnetic environment.  Also called
JEMSO.  (JP 3-85)
joint engagement zone - In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions
within which multiple air and missile defense systems (surface-to-air missiles and aircraft) are simultaneously employed to engage air and missile threats.  Also called
JEZ.  (JP 3-01)
joint facilities utilization board - A joint board that evaluates and reconciles component
requests for real estate, use of existing facilities, inter-Service support, and construction to ensure compliance with Joint Civil-Military Engineering Board priorities.  Also called **JFUB.**  (JP 3-34)
joint field office - A temporary multiagency coordination center established at the incident
site to provide a central location for coordination of federal, state, local, tribal, nongovernmental, and private-sector organizations with primary responsibility for incident oversight, direction, or assistance to effectively coordinate protection, prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery actions.  Also called **JFO.**  (JP 3-28)
joint fires - Fires delivered during the employment of forces from two or more components
in coordinated action to produce desired effects in support of a common objective.  See
also **fires.**  (JP 3-0)
joint fires element - An optional staff element that provides recommendations to the
operations directorate to accomplish fires planning and synchronization.  Also called JFE.  See also **fire support; joint fires.**  (JP 3-60)
joint fires observer - A certified and qualified Service member who requests, controls, and
adjusts surface-to-surface fires; provides targeting information in support of close air
support; and performs terminal guidance operations.  Also called **JFO.**  (JP 3-09.3)
joint fire support - Joint fires that assist air, land, maritime, and special operations forces
to move, maneuver, and control territory, populations, airspace, and key waters.  See
also **fire support; joint fires.**  (JP 3-0)
joint force - A force composed of elements, assigned or attached, of two or more Military
Departments operating under a single joint force commander.  See also joint force
commander.  (JP 3-0)
joint force air component commander - The commander within a unified command,
subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking air forces; planning and coordinating air operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned.  Also called **JFACC.**  See
also **joint force commander.**  (JP 3-0)
joint force chaplain - The military chaplain designated by the joint force commander to
serve as the senior chaplain for the joint force.  Also called the **JFCH.**  (JP 3-0)
joint force commander - A general term applied to a combatant commander, subunified
commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command
(command authority) or operational control over a joint force.  Also called **JFC.**  See
also **joint force.**  (JP 1)
joint force land component commander - The commander within a unified command,
subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking land forces; planning and coordinating land operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned.  Also called **JFLCC.**  See also **joint force commander.**  (JP 3-31)
joint force maritime component commander - The commander within a unified
command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking maritime forces and assets; planning and
coordinating maritime operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may
be assigned.  Also called **JFMCC.**  See also **joint force commander.**  (JP 3-0)
joint force special operations component commander - The commander within a unified
command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned,
attached, and/or made available for tasking special operations forces and assets; planning and coordinating special operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned.  Also called **JFSOCC.**  See also **joint force commander.** (JP 3-0)

joint force surgeon - A Department of Defense medical department officer appointed by
the joint force commander to serve as the joint force special staff officer to establish, monitor, or evaluate joint force health services support.  Also called **JFS.**  See also health service support; joint force.  (JP 4-02)
joint functions - Related capabilities and activities placed into seven basic groups of
command and control, information, intelligence, fires, movement and maneuver,
protection, and sustainment to help joint force commanders synchronize, integrate, and direct joint operations.  (JP 3-0)
joint individual augmentee - An unfunded, temporary duty position (or member filling an
unfunded, temporary duty position) identified on a joint manning document by a supported combatant commander to augment headquarters operations during contingencies.  Also called **JIA.**  (JP 4-05)
joint integrated prioritized target list - A prioritized list of targets approved by the joint
force commander.  Also called **JIPTL**.  See also **target.**  (JP 3-60)
joint intelligence - Intelligence produced by elements of more than one Service of the same
nation.  (JP 2-0)
joint intelligence architecture - A dynamic, flexible structure that consists of the Defense
Joint Intelligence Operations Center, combatant command joint intelligence operations centers, and subordinate joint task force intelligence operations centers or joint intelligence support elements to provide national, theater, and tactical commanders with
the full range of intelligence required for planning and conducting operations.  See also
intelligence.  (JP 2-0)
joint intelligence operations center - An interdependent, operational intelligence
organization at the Department of Defense, combatant command, or joint task force (if established) level, that is integrated with national intelligence centers, and capable of
accessing all sources of intelligence impacting military operations planning, execution, and assessment.  Also called **JIOC.**  (JP 2-0)
joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment - The analytical process
used by joint intelligence organizations to produce intelligence estimates and other
intelligence products in support of the joint force commander's decision-making
process.  Also called **JIPOE.**  (JP 2-01.3)
joint intelligence support element - A subordinate joint force element whose focus is on
intelligence support for joint operations, providing the joint force commander, joint staff, and components with the complete enemy and adversary situation.  Also called
JISE.  See also **intelligence; joint force; joint operations.**  (JP 2-01)
joint interagency coordination group - A staff group that establishes regular, timely, and
collaborative working relationships between civilian and military operational planners.
Also called **JIACG.**  (JP 3-08)
joint interface control officer - The senior interface control officer for multi-tactical data
link networks in the joint force who is responsible for development and validation of the architecture, joint interoperability and management of the multi-tactical data link networks, and overseeing operations of a joint interface control cell.  Also called **JICO.**
(JP 3-01)
joint interrogation and debriefing center - Physical location for the exploitation of
intelligence information from detainees and other sources.  Also called **JIDC.**  See also intelligence.  (JP 2-01.2)
joint interrogation operations - 1. Activities conducted by a joint or interagency
organization to extract information for intelligence purposes from detainees.  2. Activities conducted in support of law enforcement efforts to adjudicate enemy
combatants who are believed to have committed crimes against United States persons
or property.  (JP 2-01)
joint land operations Land operations performed across the range of military operations
with land forces made available by Service components in support of the joint force commander's operation or campaign objectives or in support of other components of the joint force.  (JP 3-31)
joint land operations plan - A joint force land component commander's plan for a
connected series of joint land operations to achieve objectives within a given time and operational area.  Also called **JLOP.**  (JP 3-31)
joint logistics - The coordinated use, synchronization, and sharing of two or more Military
Departments' logistics resources to support the joint force.  See also **logistics.**  (JP 4-0)
joint logistics enterprise - A multitiered matrix of key global logistics providers
cooperating and structured to achieve a unity of effort without jeopardizing the integrity
of their own organizational missions and goals.  Also called **JLEnt.**  (JP 4-0)
joint logistics operations center - The current operations division within the logistics
directorate of a joint staff, which monitors crises, exercises, and interagency actions and
works acquisition and cross-servicing agreements as well as international logistics.
Also called **JLOC.**  See also **logistics.** (JP 4-01)
joint logistics over-the-shore commander - The commander selected by the joint force
commander and tasked to organize the efforts of all elements participating in accomplishing the joint logistics over-the-shore mission.  See also joint logistics overthe-shore operations.  (JP 4-01.6)
joint logistics over-the-shore operations - Operations in which Navy and Army logistics
over-the-shore forces conduct logistics over-the-shore operations together under a joint
force commander.  Also called **JLOTS operations**.  See also joint logistics; logistics over-the-shore operations.  (JP 4-01.6)

joint manpower program - The policies, processes, and systems used in the determination
and prioritization within and among joint Service manpower requirements.  Also called JMP.  (JP 1-0)
joint meteorological and oceanographic officer - Officer designated to provide direct
meteorological and oceanographic support to a joint force commander.  Also called
JMO.  (JP 3-59)
joint mission-essential task - A mission task selected by a joint force commander deemed
essential to mission accomplishment and defined using the common language of the Universal Joint Task List in terms of task, condition, and standard.  Also called JMET. See also **condition, universal joint task list.**  (JP 3-33)
joint mortuary affairs office - Plans and executes all mortuary affairs programs within a
theater.  Also called **JMAO.**  See also **mortuary affairs; personal effects.**  (JP 4-0)
joint network operations control center - An element of the communications system
directorate of a joint staff established as the single control agency for the management and direction of the joint force communications system.  Also called **JNCC.**  (JP 6-0)
joint operations - Military actions conducted by joint forces and those Service forces
employed in specified command relationships with each other, which of themselves, do not establish joint forces.  (JP 3-0)
joint operations area - An area of land, sea, and airspace, defined by a geographic
combatant commander or subordinate unified commander, in which a joint force
commander (normally a joint task force commander) conducts military operations to accomplish a specific mission.  Also called **JOA.**  See also area of responsibility; joint
special operations area.  (JP 3-0)
joint operations area forecast - The official baseline meteorological and oceanographic
forecast for operational planning and mission execution within the joint operations area. Also called **JOAF.**  (JP 3-59)
joint operations center - A jointly manned facility of a joint force commander's
headquarters established to plan, monitor, and guide the execution of the commander's decisions.  Also called **JOC.**  (JP 3-41)
joint patient movement requirements center - A joint activity established to coordinate
the joint patient movement requirements function for a joint force operating within an
operational area.  Also called **JPMRC.**  See also health service support; joint force
surgeon; joint operations area; medical treatment facility.  (JP 4-02)
joint personnel accountability reconciliation and reporting - A data repository
developed and implemented by the Defense Manpower Data Center that consumes and
reconciles data from existing Service deployment systems.  Also called **JPARR.** (JP 1-0)

joint personnel processing center - A center established in an operational area by the
appropriate joint force commander to in-process and out-process personnel upon their
arrival in and departure from the theater.  Also called **JPPC.**  (JP 1-0)
joint personnel recovery center - The primary joint force organization responsible for
planning and coordinating personnel recovery for military operations within the
assigned operational area.  Also called **JPRC.**  See also combat search and rescue; search and rescue.  (JP 3-50)
joint personnel training and tracking activity - The continental United States center
established to facilitate the reception, accountability, processing, training, and onward movement of individual augmentees preparing for overseas movement to support a joint military operation.  Also called **JPTTA.**  (JP 1-0)
joint planning - Planning activities associated with military operations by combatant
commanders and their subordinate commanders.  See also **joint planning process.**
(JP 5-0)
joint planning and execution community - Those headquarters, commands, and agencies
involved in the training, preparation, mobilization, deployment, employment, support, sustainment, redeployment, and demobilization of military forces assigned or committed to a joint operation.  Also called **JPEC.**  (JP 5-0)
joint planning group - A planning organization consisting of designated representatives
of the joint force headquarters principal and special staff sections, joint force components (Service and/or functional), and other supporting organizations or agencies as deemed necessary by the joint force commander.  Also called **JPG.**  See also joint
planning.  (JP 5-0)
joint planning process - An orderly, analytical process that consists of a logical set of steps
to analyze a mission, select the best course of action, and produce a campaign or joint
operation plan or order.  Also called **JPP.**  See also **joint planning.**  (JP 5-0)
Joint Public Affairs Support Element - A deployable unit assigned to assist a joint force
commander in developing and training public affairs forces in joint, interagency, and multinational environments.  Also called **JPASE.**  (JP 3-61)
joint publication - A compilation of agreed-to fundamental principles, considerations, and
guidance on a particular topic, approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff or
authorized designee, that guides the employment of a joint force toward a common objective.
Also called JP.  See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual; joint doctrine.  (CJCSI 5120.02)
joint reception coordination center - An organization that, when established, ensures that
Department of Defense personnel and noncombatant evacuees receive adequate
assistance and support for an orderly and expedient debarkation, movement to final destination in the United States, and appropriate follow-on assistance at the final destination. Also called **JRCC.**  (JP 3-68)

joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration - A phase of joint force
projection occurring in the operational area during which arriving personnel, equipment,
and materiel transition into forces capable of meeting operational requirements.  Also
called **JRSOI.**  See also **integration; joint force; reception; staging.**  (JP 3-35)
joint requirements review board - The subordinate joint force commander's established
board to review, validate, approve, and prioritize selected Service and special operations forces component contract support requests.  Also called **JRRB.**  See also combatant
commander logistics procurement support board; joint contracting support board.  (JP 4-10)
joint restricted frequency list - A time and geographically oriented listing of TABOO,
PROTECTED, and GUARDED functions, nets, and frequencies and limited to the
minimum number of frequencies necessary for friendly forces to accomplish objectives. Also called **JRFL.**  See also electromagnetic warfare; guarded frequencies; protected frequencies; TABOO frequencies.  (JP 3-85)
joint security area - A specific area to facilitate protection of joint bases and their
connecting lines of communications that support joint operations.  Also called **JSA.** (JP 3-10)
joint security coordination center - A joint operations center tailored to assist the joint
security coordinator in meeting the security requirements in the joint operational area.
Also called **JSCC.**  (JP 3-10)
joint security coordinator - The officer responsible for coordinating the overall security
of the operational area in accordance with joint force commander directives and
priorities.  Also called **JSC.**  (JP 3-10)
joint servicing - That function performed by a jointly staffed and financed activity in
support of two or more Services.  (JP 3-05)
joint special operations air component - A task-organized unit that provides command
and control functions for all special operations forces aviation units under the operational command of the joint special operations air component commander.  Also called **JSOAC.**  (JP 3-05)
joint special operations air component commander - The commander within a joint
force special operations command responsible for planning and executing joint special operations air activities.  Also called **JSOACC.**  (JP 3-05)
joint special operations area - An area of land, sea, and airspace assigned by a joint force
commander to the commander of a joint special operations force to conduct special
operations activities.  Also called **JSOA.**  (JP 3-0)
joint special operations task force - A joint task force composed of special operations
units from more than one Service, formed to carry out a specific special operation or prosecute special operations in support of a combatant command campaign or other
operations.  Also called **JSOTF.**  (JP 3-05)
joint staff - 1. The staff of a commander of a unified or specified command,
subordinate unified command, joint task force, or subordinate functional component (when a functional component command will employ forces from more than one Military Department), that includes members from the several Services comprising the force.
2. (capitalized as Joint Staff) The staff under the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that
assists the Chairman and the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in carrying out their responsibilities.  Also called JS.  (JP 1)
Joint Staff doctrine sponsor - A Joint Staff directorate assigned to coordinate a joint
doctrine project with the Joint Staff.  Also called **JSDS.**  See also **joint doctrine.**
(CJCSM 5120.01)
Joint Strategic Planning System - One of the primary means by which the Chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the combatant commanders, carries out the statutory responsibilities to assist the President and Secretary of Defense in providing strategic direction to the Armed Forces.  Also called **JSPS.**  (JP 5-0)
joint table of distribution - A manpower document that identifies the positions and
enumerates the spaces that have been approved for each organizational element of a joint
activity for a specific fiscal year (authorization year) and those accepted for the four subsequent fiscal years (program years).  Also called **JTD.**  See also joint manpower
program.  (JP 1-0)
joint targeting coordination board - A group formed by the joint force commander to
accomplish broad targeting oversight functions that may include, but are not limited to, coordinating targeting information; providing targeting guidance, synchronization, and priorities; and approving the joint integrated prioritized target list.  Also called **JTCB.** See also **joint integrated prioritized target list; targeting.**  (JP 3-60)
joint target list - A consolidated list of validated targets of military significance without
restrictions within a joint force commander's operational area.  Also called **JTL.**  See also **joint; target.**  (JP 3-60)
joint task force - A joint force that is constituted and so designated by the Secretary of
Defense, a combatant commander, a subunified commander, or an existing joint task force commander.  Also called **JTF.**  (JP 1)
Joint Task Force-Civil Support - A standing joint task force established to plan and
integrate Department of Defense support to the designated lead federal agency for domestic chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives
consequence management operations.  Also called **JTF-CS.**  (JP 3-41)
joint terminal attack controller - A qualified (certified) Service member who, from a
forward position, directs the action of combat aircraft engaged in close air support and other offensive air operations.  Also called **JTAC.**  See also **terminal attack control.** (JP 3-09.3)
Joint Transportation Board - The body that prioritizes common-user transportation
resources assigned or available to the Department of Defense on behalf of the Chairman
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.  Also called **JTB.**  See also **common-user transportation.**
(JP 4-01)
joint urban operations - Joint operations planned and conducted on, or against objectives
within a topographical complex and its adjacent natural terrain, where man-made
construction or the density of population are the dominant features.  Also called **JUOs.**
See also **joint operations.**  (JP 3-06)
Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System - The sensitive compartmented
information portion of the Defense Information Systems Network, which incorporates
advanced networking technologies that permit point-to-point or multipoint information
exchange involving voice, text, graphics, data, and video teleconferencing.  Also called
JWICS.  (JP 2-0)
judge advocate An officer of the Judge Advocate General's Corps of the Army, Air Force,
or Navy, or officers of the Marine Corps or Coast Guard designated as a judge advocate.
Also called JA.  (JP 3-84)
jumpmaster - The assigned airborne-qualified individual who controls paratroops from
the time they enter the aircraft until they exit.  (JP 3-36)


Intentionally Blank


key position - A civilian position, public or private (designated by the employer and
approved by the Secretary concerned), that cannot be vacated during war or national emergency.  (JP 1-0)
keystone joint publications - Joint publications that establish the doctrinal foundation for a
series of joint publications in the hierarchy of joint publications.  See also capstone joint
publication; joint publication.  (CJCSM 5120.01)
key terrain - Any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked
advantage to either combatant.  (JP 2-01.3)
kill box - A three-dimensional permissive fire support coordination measure with an
associated airspace coordinating measure used to facilitate the integration of fires.
(JP 3-09)


Intentionally Blank


land control operations - The employment of land forces, supported by maritime and air
forces (as appropriate) to control vital land areas.  See also **sea control operations.** (JP 3-31)
land domain - The area of the Earth's surface ending at the high water mark and
overlapping with the maritime domain in the landward segment of the littorals.
(JP 3-31)
land forces - Personnel, weapon systems, vehicles, and support elements operating on land
to accomplish assigned missions and tasks.  (JP 3-31)
landing area - 1. That part of the operational area within which are conducted the landing
operations of an amphibious force.  2. In airborne operations, the general area used for
landing troops and materiel either by airdrop or air landing.  3. Any specially prepared
or selected surface of land, water, or deck designated or used for takeoff and landing of
aircraft.  See also **amphibious force; landing beach; landing force.**
(JP 3-02)
landing area diagram - A graphic means of showing the beach designations, boat lanes,
organization of the line of departure, scheduled waves, landing ship area, transport areas, and the fire support areas in the immediate vicinity of the boat lanes.  (JP 3-02)
landing beach - That portion of a shoreline required for the landing of an amphibious force.
(JP 3-02)
landing craft - A craft employed in amphibious operations specifically designed for
carrying troops and their equipment and for beaching, unloading, retracting, and
resupply operations.  (JP 3-02)
landing craft and amphibious vehicle assignment table - A table showing the
assignment of personnel and materiel to each landing craft and amphibious vehicle and the assignment of the landing craft and amphibious vehicles to waves for the ship-toshore movement.  (JP 3-02)
landing craft availability table - A tabulation of the type and number of landing craft that
will be available from each ship of the transport group.  (JP 3-02)
landing diagram - A graphic means of illustrating the plan for the ship-to-shore
movement.  (JP 3-02)
landing force - A Marine Corps or Army task organization, which is part of the amphibious
force, formed to conduct amphibious operations.  Also called LF.  See also amphibious force; amphibious operation; amphibious task force; task organization.  (JP 3-02)
landing force operational reserve material - Package of contingency supplies prepositioned and maintained onboard selected amphibious warfare ships to enhance
reaction time and provide support for the embarked landing force in contingencies.  (JP 3-02)

landing force support party - A temporary landing force organization composed of Navy
and landing force elements that facilitates the ship-to-shore movement and provides
initial combat support and combat service support to the landing force.  Also called
LFSP.  See also combat service support; combat support; landing force; ship-toshore movement.  (JP 3-02)
landing group - In amphibious operations, a subordinate task organization of the landing
force capable of conducting landing operations, under a single tactical command,
against a position or group of positions.  (JP 3-02)
landing plan - In amphibious operations, a collective term referring to all individually
prepared amphibious task force and landing force documents that, taken together, present, in detail, all instructions for execution of the ship-to-shore movement.  (JP 3-02)
landing sequence table - A document that incorporates the detailed plans for ship-to-shore
movement of nonscheduled units.  (JP 3-02)
landing site - 1. A site within a landing zone containing one or more landing points.  See
also airfield.  2. In amphibious operations, a continuous segment of coastline over which troops, equipment, and supplies can be landed by surface means.  (JP 3-02)
laser-guided weapon - A weapon that uses a seeker to detect laser energy reflected from a
laser-marked/designated target and provides guidance commands to a control system that guides the weapon to the target.  Also called **LGW.**  (JP 3-09)
laser rangefinder - A device that uses laser energy for determining the distance from the
device to a place or object.  (JP 3-09)
laser seeker - A device based on a direction-sensitive receiver that detects the energy
reflected from a laser-designated target and defines the direction of the target relative to the receiver.  See also **laser-guided weapon.**  (JP 3-09.3)
laser spot - The area on a surface illuminated by a laser.  See also **spot.**  (JP 3-09) laser spot tracker - A device that locks on to the reflected energy from a laser-marked or
designated target and defines the direction of the target relative to itself.  Also called LST.  (JP 3-09)
laser target designator - A device that emits a beam of laser energy that is used to mark a
specific place or object.  Also called **LTD.**  See also **target.**  (JP 3-09)
latest arrival date - A day, relative to C-Day, that is specified by the supported combatant
commander as the latest date when a unit, resupply shipment, or replacement personnel can arrive at the port of debarkation and support the concept of operations.  Also called
LAD.  (JP 3-35)
launch area denied - The geographic area from which an enemy targeting a designated
defended area cannot launch a ballistic missile without it being engaged by the ballistic missile defenses.  Also called **LAD.**  (JP 3-01)
launch on remote - Use of nonorganic sensor data or ballistic missile defense system track
to launch a weapon, with additional data provided by a different sensor(s) to complete the engagement.  (JP 3-01)
law enforcement agency - Any of a number of agencies (outside the Department of
Defense) chartered and empowered to enforce United States laws in a state or territory
(or political subdivision) of the United States, a federally recognized Native American
tribe or Alaskan Native Village, or within the borders of a host nation.  Also called **LEA.** (JP 3-28)
law of armed conflict - See **law of war**.  (JP 3-84)

law of war - That part of international law that regulates the conduct of armed hostilities.
Also called **the law of armed conflict.**  See also **rules of engagement.**  (JP 3-84)
lead - In intelligence usage, a person with potential for exploitation, warranting additional
assessment, contact, and/or development.  (JP 2-01.2)
lead agency - The United States Government agency designated to coordinate the
interagency oversight of the day-to-day conduct of an ongoing operation.  (JP 3-08)
lead agent - 1. An individual Service, combatant command, or Joint Staff directorate assigned
to author, develop, and maintain a joint publication.  (CJCSM 5120.01)  2. In medical
materiel management, the designated unit or organization to coordinate or execute dayto-day conduct of an ongoing operation or function.  Also called LA.  (JP 4-02)
lead aircraft - The airborne aircraft designated to exercise command of other aircraft within
the flight.  (JP 3-09.3)
lead federal agency - The federal agency that leads and coordinates the overall federal
response to an emergency.  Also called **LFA.**  (JP 3-41)
lead nation - The nation with the will, capability, competence, and influence to provide
the essential elements of political consultation and military leadership to coordinate the planning, mounting, and execution of a multinational operation.  Also called LN.  See also **multinational force.**  (JP 3-16)
lead Service or agency for common-user logistics - A Service component or Department
of Defense agency that is responsible for execution of common-user item or service
support in a specific combatant command or multinational operation as defined in the combatant or subordinate joint force commander's operation plan, operation order, and/or directives.  See also **common-user logistics.**  (JP 4-0)
letter of assist - A contractual document issued by the United Nations to a government
authorizing it to provide goods or services to a peacekeeping operation.  Also called LOA.  See also **peacekeeping.**  (JP 3-80)
letter of authorization - A document issued by the procuring contracting officer or
designee that authorizes contractor personnel authorized to accompany the force to travel to, from, and within an operational area and outlines authorized government support authorizations within the operational area, as agreed to under the terms and
conditions of the contract.  Also called **LOA.**  (JP 4-10)
level of detail - Within the current joint planning and execution system, movement
characteristics for both personnel and cargo are described at six distinct levels of detail. Levels I, V, and VI describe personnel and Levels I through IV and VI for cargo.  Levels I through IV are coded and visible in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System automated data processing.  Levels V and VI are used by Joint Operation Planning and Execution System automated data processing feeder systems.  a. **level I** - personnel: expressed as total number of passengers by unit line number.  Cargo: expressed in total short tons, total measurement tons, total square feet, and total thousands of barrels by unit line number.  Petroleum, oils, and lubricants is expressed by thousands of barrels by unit line number.  b. **level II** - cargo: expressed by short tons and measurement tons
of bulk, oversize, outsize, and non-air transportable cargo by unit line number.  Also
square feet for vehicles and non self-deployable aircraft and boats by unit line number. c. **level III** - cargo: detail by cargo category code expressed as short tons and measurement tons as well as square feet associated to that cargo category code for an
individual unit line number.  d. **level IV** - cargo: detail for individual dimensional data
expressed in length, width, and height in number of inches, and weight/volume in short
tons/measurement tons, along with a cargo description.  Each cargo item is associated with a cargo category code and a unit line number).  e. **level V** - personnel: any general summarization/aggregation of level VI detail in distribution and deployment.  f. level
VI - personnel: detail expressed by name, Service, military occupational specialty and unique identification number.  Cargo: detail expressed by association to a transportation control number or single tracking number or item of equipment to include federal stock number/national stock number and/or requisition number.  Nested cargo, cargo that is contained within another equipment item, may similarly be identified.  Also called
JOPES level of detail.  (CJCSM 3122.01A)
leverage - In the context of planning, a relative advantage in combat power and/or other
circumstances against the enemy or adversary across any variable within or impacting the operational environment sufficient to exploit that advantage.  See also operational art; operational design.  (JP 5-0)
L-hour - 1. The specific hour on C-day at which a deployment operation commences or is
to commence.  (JP 5-0)  2. In amphibious operations, the time at which the first
helicopter or tiltrotor aircraft of the airborne ship-to-shore movement wave touches
down or is scheduled to touch down in a landing zone.  (JP 3-02)
life cycle - The total phases through which an item passes from the time it is initially
developed until the time it is either consumed in use or disposed of as being excess to all known materiel requirements.  (JP 4-02)
lighterage - The process in which small craft are used to transport cargo or personnel from
ship-to-shore using amphibians, landing craft, discharge lighters, causeways, and barges.  (JP 4-01.6)
limitation - An action required or prohibited by higher authority, such as a constraint or a
restraint, and other restrictions that limit the commander's freedom of action, such as diplomatic agreements, rules of engagement, political and economic conditions in
affected countries, and host nation issues.  See also **constraint; restraint.**  (JP 5-0)
limiting factor - A factor or condition that, either temporarily or permanently, impedes
mission accomplishment.  (JP 5-0)
line of communications - A route, either land, water, and/or air, that connects an operating
military force with a base of operations and along which supplies and military forces
move.  Also called **LOC.**  (JP 2-01.3)
line of demarcation - A line defining the boundary of a buffer zone used to establish the
forward limits of disputing or belligerent forces after each phase of disengagement or withdrawal has been completed.  See also **buffer zone; peace operations.**  (JP 3-07.3)
line of departure - 1. In land warfare, a line designated to coordinate the departure of
attack elements.  (JP 3-31)  2. In amphibious operations, a suitably marked offshore coordinating line, which is located at the seaward end of a boat lane, to assist in the
landing of landing craft and amphibious vehicles on designated beaches at the scheduled times.  Also called **LOD.**  (JP 3-02)
line of effort - In the context of planning, using the purpose (cause and effect) to focus
efforts toward establishing operational and strategic conditions by linking multiple tasks and missions.  Also called **LOE.**  (JP 5-0)
line of operation - A line that defines the interior or exterior orientation of the force in
relation to the enemy or that connects actions on nodes and/or decisive points related in
time and space to an objective(s).  Also called **LOO.**  (JP 5-0)
link - 1. A behavioral, physical, or functional relationship between nodes.  2. In
communications, a general term used to indicate the existence of communications
facilities between two points.  3. A maritime route, other than a coastal or transit route,
that connects any two or more routes together.  See also **node.**  (JP 3-0)
listening watch - A continuous receiver watch established for the reception of
communication addressed to, or of interest to, the unit maintaining the watch, with
complete log optional.  (JP 3-50)
littoral - The littoral comprises two segments of operational environment:  1. Seaward: the
area from the open ocean to the shore, which must be controlled to support operations
ashore.  2. Landward: the area inland from the shore that can be supported and defended
directly from the sea.  (JP 2-01.3)
loading plan - All of the individually prepared documents which, taken together, present,
in detail, all instructions for the arrangement of personnel and the loading of equipment for one or more units or other special grouping of personnel or material moving by highway, water, rail, or air transportation.  (JP 3-02)
load signal - In personnel recovery, a visual signal displayed in a covert manner to indicate
the presence of an individual or object at a given location.  See also evasion; recovery operations.  (JP 3-50)
locate - In personnel recovery, the task where actions are taken to precisely find and
authenticate the identity of isolated personnel.  (JP 3-50)
lodgment - A designated area in a hostile or potentially hostile operational area that, when
seized and held, makes the continuous landing of troops and materiel possible and provides maneuver space for subsequent operations.  (JP 3-18)
logistics - Planning and executing the movement and support of forces.  (JP 4-0)
logistics over-the-shore operation area - That geographic area required to conduct a
logistics over-the-shore operation.  Also called **LOA.**  See also logistics over-the-shore operations.  (JP 4-01.6)
logistics over-the-shore operations - The loading and unloading of ships without the
benefit of deep draft-capable, fixed port facilities; or as a means of moving forces closer
to tactical assembly areas dependent on threat force capabilities.  Also called LOTS operations.  See also **joint logistics over-the-shore operations.**  (JP 4-01.6)
logistics supportability analysis - Combatant command internal assessment for the Joint
Strategic Campaign Plan on capabilities and shortfalls of key logistic capabilities
required to execute and sustain the concept of support conducted on all level three and
four plans with the time phased force deployment data.  Also called **LSA.**  (JP 4-0)
low-altitude missile engagement zone - In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined
dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats
normally rests with low- to medium-altitude surface-to-air missiles.  Also called LOMEZ.  (JP 3-01)
low-level transit route - A temporary corridor of defined dimensions established in the
forward area to minimize the risk to friendly aircraft from friendly air defenses or surface forces.  (JP 3-52)
low-visibility operations - Sensitive actions or activities wherein the diplomatic-military
restrictions inherent in covert and clandestine operations are either not necessary or
not feasible.  (JP 3-05)


Intentionally Blank


magnetic mine -  A mine that responds to the magnetic field of a target.  (JP 3-15) mail embargo - A temporary shutdown or redirection of mail flow to or from a specific
location.  (JP 1-0)
main operating base - A facility outside the United States and its territories with
permanently stationed operating forces and robust infrastructure.  Also called **MOB.** See also cooperative security location; **forward operating site.**  (JP 4-04)
main supply route - The route or routes designated within an operational area upon which
the bulk of traffic flows in support of military operations.  Also called **MSR.**
(JP 4-01.5)
maintenance - 1. All action, including inspection, testing, servicing, classification as to
serviceability, repair, rebuilding, and reclamation, taken to retain materiel in a serviceable condition or to restore it to serviceability.  2. All supply and repair action taken to keep a force in condition to carry out its mission.  3. The routine recurring work required to keep a facility in such condition that it may be continuously used at its original or designed capacity and efficiency for its intended purpose.  (JP 4-0)
major force - A military organization comprised of major combat elements and associated
combat support, combat service support, and sustainment increments.  (JP 5-0)
major operation - 1. A series of tactical actions (battles, engagements, strikes) conducted
by combat forces, coordinated in time and place, to achieve strategic or operational
objectives in an operational area.  2. For noncombat operations, a reference to the relative size and scope of a military operation.  See also **operation.**  (JP 3-0)
maneuver - 1. A movement to place ships, aircraft, or land forces in a position of advantage
over the enemy.  2. A tactical exercise carried out at sea, in the air, on the ground, or on a map in imitation of war.  3. The operation of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle to cause it to perform desired movements.  4. Employment of forces in the operational area, through
movement in combination with fires and information, to achieve a position of advantage in respect to the enemy.  See also **mission; operation.**  (JP 3-0)
manpower management - The means of manpower control to ensure the most efficient
and economical use of available manpower.  (JP 1-0)
manpower requirements - Human resources needed to accomplish specified workloads
of organizations.  (JP 1-0)
Marine air command and control system - A system that provides the aviation combat
element commander with the means to command, coordinate, and control all air operations within an assigned sector and to coordinate air operations with other Services.  Also called **MACCS.**  See also direct air support center; tactical air
operations center.  (JP 3-09.3)
Marine special operations forces - Those Active Component Marine Corps forces
designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations.  Also called **MARSOF.**  (JP 3-05)
Marine tactical air command center - The principal United States Marine Corps air
command and control agency from which air operations and air defense warning functions are directed.  Also called **Marine TACC.**  (JP 3-09.3)
Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force - The surge sealift assets owned and
operated by the United States Department of Transportation/Maritime Administration
and Military Sealift Command (in contingency), crewed by civilian mariners.  Also
called **MARAD RRF.**  See also **National Defense Reserve Fleet.**  (JP 4-01.6)
maritime domain - The oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, and the
airspace above these, including the littorals.  (JP 3-32)
maritime domain awareness - The effective understanding of anything associated with
the maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment of a nation.  Also called **MDA.**  (JP 3-32)
maritime environment - The environment corresponding to the oceans, seas, bays,
estuaries, islands, coastal areas, including the littorals and their sub-surface features, and interfaces and interactions with the atmosphere.  (JP 3-59)
maritime forces - Forces that operate on, under, or above the sea to gain or exploit
command of the sea, sea control, or sea denial and/or to project power from the sea.
(JP 3-32)
maritime interception operations - Efforts to monitor, query, and board merchant vessels
in international waters to enforce sanctions against other nations such as those in support of United Nations Security Council Resolutions and/or prevent the transport of restricted
goods.  Also called **MIO.**  (JP 3-03)
maritime power projection - Power projection in and from the maritime environment,
including a broad spectrum of offensive military operations to destroy enemy forces or
logistic support or to prevent enemy forces from approaching within enemy weapons'
range of friendly forces.  (JP 3-32)
maritime pre-positioning force operation - A rapid deployment and assembly of a
Marine expeditionary force in a secure area using a combination of intertheater airlift
and forward-deployed maritime pre-positioning ships.  Also called **MPF operation.**
See also **maritime pre-positioning ships.**  (JP 4-01.6)
maritime pre-positioning ships - Civilian-crewed, Military Sealift Command-chartered
ships that are usually forward-deployed and loaded with pre-positioned equipment and up to 30 days of supplies to support Marine expeditionary brigades.  Also called **MPSs.**
See also **Navy cargo handling battalion.**  (JP 3-02)
maritime security operations - Those operations to protect maritime sovereignty and
resources and to counter maritime-related terrorism, weapons proliferation,
transnational crime, piracy, environmental destruction, and illegal seaborne migration. Also called **MSO.**  (JP 3-32)
Maritime Security Program A program authorized in the Maritime Security Act of 2003
requiring the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, to establish a fleet of active, commercially viable, militarily useful, privately owned vessels to meet national defense and other security requirements.  Also called **MSP.**  (JP
3-36)
maritime superiority - That degree of dominance of one force over another that permits
the conduct of maritime operations by the former and its related land, maritime, and air forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force. (JP 3-32)
maritime supremacy - That degree of maritime superiority wherein an opposing force is
incapable of effective interference.  (JP 3-32)
maritime terminal - A facility for berthing ships simultaneously at piers, quays, and/or
working anchorages.  Also called **water terminal.**  (JP 4-01.5)
marking - To maintain contact on a target from such a position that the marking unit has
an immediate offensive capability.  (JP 3-09.3)
marshalling - 1. The process by which units participating in an amphibious or airborne
operation group together or assemble when feasible or move to temporary camps in the vicinity of embarkation points, complete preparations for combat, or prepare for
loading.  2. The process of assembling, holding, and organizing supplies and/or
equipment, especially vehicles of transportation, for onward movement.  See also
staging area.  (JP 3-36)
marshalling area - A location in the vicinity of a reception terminal or pre-positioned
equipment storage site where arriving unit personnel, equipment, materiel, and accompanying supplies are reassembled, returned to the control of the unit commander,
and prepared for onward movement.  See also **marshalling.**  (JP 3-35)
mass atrocity response operations - Military activities conducted to prevent or halt mass
atrocities.  Also called **MARO.**  (JP 3-07.3)
mass casualty - Any number of human casualties produced across a period of time that
exceeds available medical support capabilities.  See also **casualty.**  (JP 4-02)
massed fire - 1. The fire of the batteries of two or more ships directed against a single
target.  2. Fire from a number of weapons directed at a single target point or small area. (JP 3-02)
master - The commander of a United States Naval Ship, a commercial ship, or a
government-owned general agency agreement ship operated for the Military Sealift Command by a civilian company to transport Department of Defense cargo.  (JP 3-02)
master air attack plan - A plan that contains key information that forms the foundation
of the joint air tasking order.  Also called **MAAP.**  See also **target.**  (JP 3-60)
materials handling equipment - Equipment used at air, ground, and sea ports to handle
large cargo.  Also called **MHE.**  (JP 4-01.5)
materiel - All items necessary to equip, operate, maintain, and support military activities
without distinction as to its application for administrative or combat purposes.  See also
equipment; personal property.  (JP 4-0)
materiel inventory objective - The quantity of an item required to be on hand and on order
on M-day to equip, provide a materiel pipeline, and sustain the approved United States force structure and those Allied forces designated for United States materiel support,
through the period prescribed for war materiel planning purposes.  (JP 4-09)
materiel planning - A subset of logistics planning consisting of the four-step process of:
a. **requirements definition.**  Requirements for significant items are calculated at itemlevel detail to support sustainability planning and analysis.  b. **apportionment.**  Items are apportioned to the combatant commanders based on a global scenario to avoid sourcing of items to multiple theaters.  c. **sourcing.**  Sourcing is the matching of
available capabilities on a given date against item requirements to support sustainability analysis and the identification of locations to support transportation planning.  d.
documentation.  Sourced item requirements are translated into movement requirements and documented in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System database for transportation feasibility analysis.  (JP 4-09)
materiel release order - An order issued by an accountable supply system manager
directing a nonaccountable activity within the same supply distribution complex to release and ship materiel.  Also called **MRO.**  (JP 4-09)
materiel requirements - Those quantities of items of equipment and supplies necessary to
equip, provide a materiel pipeline, and sustain a Service, formation, organization, or unit in the fulfillment of its purposes or tasks during a specified period.  (JP 4-09)
maximum ordinate - In artillery and naval gunfire support, the height of the highest point
in the trajectory of a projectile above the horizontal plane passing through its origin. Also called **vertex height.**  (JP 3-09.3)
measurement and signature intelligence - Information  produced by quantitative and
qualitative analysis of physical attributes of targets and events to characterize, locate, and identify targets and events, and derived from specialized, technically derived measurements of physical phenomenon intrinsic to an object or event.  Also called MASINT.  See also **intelligence; scientific and technical intelligence.**  (JP 2-0)
Measurement and Signature Intelligence Requirements System - A system for the
management of theater and national measurement and signature intelligence collection requirements, providing automated tools for users in support of submission, review, and
validation of measurement and signature intelligence nominations of requirements to be tasked for national and Department of Defense measurement and signature intelligence collection, production, and exploitation resources.  See also measurement and signature intelligence.  (JP 2-01)
measurement ton - The unit of volumetric measurement of equipment associated with
surface-delivered cargo equal to the total cubic feet divided by 40.  Also called **MTON.**
(JP 4-01.5)
measure of effectiveness - An indicator used to measure a current system state, with
change indicated by comparing multiple observations over time.  Also called **MOE.** See also **combat assessment; mission.**  (JP 5-0)
measure of performance - An indicator used to measure a friendly action that is tied to
measuring task accomplishment.  Also called **MOP.**  (JP 5-0)
mechanical sweep - In naval mine warfare, any sweep used with the object of physically
contacting the mine or its appendages.  (JP 3-15)
media operations center - A facility established by the commander to serve as the focal
point for the interface between the military and the media during the conduct of military
operations.  Also called **MOC.**  (JP 3-61)
media pool - A limited number of news media who represent a larger number of news
media organizations for purposes of news gathering and sharing of material during a specified activity.  See also **public affairs.**  (JP 3-61)
medical civil-military operations - All military health- and veterinary-related activities in
support of a commander that establish, enhance, maintain or influence relations between the force and host nation, multinational governmental and nongovernmental civilian organizations and authorities, and the civilian populace to facilitate military operations, achieve United States operational objectives, and positively impact the health, agriculture, and economic sectors.  Also called **MCMO.**  (JP 4-02)
medical intelligence - That category of intelligence resulting from collection, evaluation,
analysis, and interpretation of foreign medical, bio-scientific, and environmental information that is of interest to strategic planning and to military medical planning and operations for the conservation of the fighting strength of friendly forces and the
formation of assessments of foreign medical capabilities in both military and civilian
sectors.  Also called **MEDINT.**  See also **intelligence.**  (JP 2-01)
medical intelligence preparation of the operational environment - A systematic
continuing process, used by the National Center for Medical Intelligence, that analyzes information on medical and disease threats, enemy capabilities, terrain, weather, local medical infrastructure, potential humanitarian and dislocated civilian situations,
transportation issues, and political, religious and social issues for all types of operations. Also called **MIPOE.**  (JP 4-02)

medical logistics support - Class VIII medical supplies (medical material to include
medical peculiar repair parts used to sustain the health service support system), optical
fabrication, medical equipment maintenance, blood storage and distribution, and medical gases.  Also called **MEDLOG support.**  (JP 4-02)
medical regulating - The actions and coordination necessary to arrange for the movement
of patients through the roles of care and to match patients with a medical treatment facility that has the necessary health service support capabilities and available bed space. See also **health service support; medical treatment facility.**  (JP 4-02)
medical surveillance - The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of
data derived from instances of medical care or medical evaluation, and the reporting of population-based information for characterizing and countering threats to a population's
health, well-being, and performance.  See also **surveillance.**  (JP 4-02)
medical treatment facility - A facility established for the purpose of furnishing medical
and/or dental care to eligible individuals.  Also called **MTF.**  (JP 4-02)
medical treatment protocol - Directive issued by competent military authority that
delineate the circumstances and limitations under which United States medical forces will initiate medical care and support to those individuals that are not Department of Defense health care beneficiaries or designated eligible for care in a military medical treatment facility by the Secretary of Defense.  (JP 4-02)
medium-range ballistic missile - A ballistic missile with a range capability from about
600 to 1,500 nautical miles.  (JP 3-01)
mensuration - The process of measurement of a feature or location on the Earth to
determine an absolute latitude, longitude, and elevation.  (JP 3-60)
message - 1. Any thought or idea expressed briefly in a plain or secret language and
prepared in a form suitable for transmission by any means of communication.  (JP 6-0) 2. A narrowly focused communication directed at a specific audience to support a specific theme.  (JP 3-61)
meteorological and oceanographic - A term used to convey all environmental factors,
from the sub-bottom of the Earth's oceans through maritime, land areas, airspace, ionosphere, and outward into space.  Also called **METOC.**  (JP 3-59)
meteorological and oceanographic assessment - The assimilation of climatology, current
and predictive meteorological and oceanographic conditions, and knowledge on limiting thresholds for friendly and adversary military capabilities; tactics, techniques, and procedures; mission profiles; and weapon systems into a tailored product for planning and decision-making processes.  (JP 3-59)
meteorological and oceanographic data - Measurements or observations of
meteorological and oceanographic variables.  (JP 3-59)
meteorological and oceanographic information - Actionable information to include
meteorological, climatological, oceanographic, and space environment observations, analyses, prognostic data or products, and meteorological and oceanographic effects. (JP 3-59)
meteorology - The study dealing with the phenomena of the atmosphere including the
physics, chemistry, and dynamics extending to the effects of the atmosphere on the Earth's surface and the oceans.  (JP 3-59)
midcourse phase - That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile between the boost phase
and the terminal phase.  See also **boost phase; terminal phase.**  (JP 3-01)
migrant - A person who belongs to a normally migratory culture who may cross national
boundaries or has fled their native country for economic reasons rather than fear of
political or ethnic persecution.  (JP 3-29)
military assistance advisory group - A joint Service group, normally under the military
command of a commander of a unified command and representing the Secretary of Defense, which primarily administers the United States military assistance planning and
programming in the host nation.  (JP 3-22)
military construction - Any construction, alteration, development, conversion, or
extension of any kind carried out with respect to a military installation.  Also called
MILCON.  (JP 3-34)
military deception - Actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military,
paramilitary, or violent extremist organization decision makers,  thereby causing the
adversary to take specific actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly mission.  Also called **MILDEC.**  (JP 3-13.4)
Military Department - One of the departments within the Department of Defense created
by the National Security Act of 1947, which are the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force.  Also called MILDEP. (JP 1)
military engagement - Routine contact and interaction between individuals or elements of
the Armed Forces of the United States and those of another nation's armed forces, or
foreign and domestic civilian authorities or agencies to build trust and confidence, share
information, coordinate mutual activities, and maintain influence.  (JP 3-0)
military government - The supreme authority the military exercises by force or agreement
over the lands, property, and indigenous populations and institutions of domestic, allied, neutral, or enemy territory, therefore, substituting sovereign authority under rule of law for the previously established government.  (JP 3-57)
Military Health System - Provides direction, resources, health care providers, and other
means necessary to foster, protect, sustain, and restore health to Service members and other beneficiaries.  Also called **MHS.**  (JP 4-02)
military information support operations - Planned operations to convey selected
information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals in a manner favorable to the originator's objectives.  Also called
MISO.  (JP 3-13.2)
Military Intelligence Board - A decision-making forum which formulates Department of
Defense intelligence policy and programming priorities.  Also called **MIB.**  See also intelligence.  (JP 2-0)
military intervention - The deliberate act of a nation or a group of nations to introduce its
military forces into the course of an existing controversy.  (JP 3-0)
military occupation - A condition in which territory is under the effective control of a
foreign armed force.  (JP 3-31)
Military Postal Service - The command, organization, personnel, and facilities established
to provide a means for the delivery of mail to and from the Department of Defense, members of the Armed Forces of the United States, and other authorized agencies and individuals.  Also called **MPS.**  (JP 1-0)
military post office - A branch of a designated United States-based post office established
by United States Postal Service authority and operated by one of the Services.  Also
called **MPO.**  (JP 1-0)
Military Sealift Command A major command of the United States Navy reporting to
Commander, Fleet Forces Command, and the United States Transportation Command's
component command responsible for designated common-user sealift transportation services to deploy, employ, sustain, and redeploy United States forces on a global basis. Also called **MSC.**  See also **transportation component command.**  (JP 3-36)
military source operations - The collection, from, by and/or via humans, of foreign and
military and military-related intelligence.  (JP 2-01.2)
military standard requisitioning and issue procedure - A uniform procedure established
by the Department of Defense for use within the Department of Defense to govern requisition and issue of materiel within standardized priorities.  Also called MILSTRIP.  (JP 4-01)
military standard transportation and movement procedures - Uniform and standard
transportation data, documentation, and control procedures applicable to all cargo movements in the Department of Defense transportation system.  (JP 4-01.5)
military technician - Federal civilian employees providing full-time support to Reserve
and organizations for administration, training, and maintenance of the Selected Reserve.
(CJCSM 3150.13)
mine - 1.In land mine warfare, a munition placed under, on or near the ground or other
surface area and designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a
person or vehicle.  2. In naval mine warfare, an explosive device laid in the water with
the intention of damaging or sinking ships or of deterring shipping from entering an
area.   See also **mine warfare.**  (JP 3-15)
mine countermeasures - All methods for preventing or reducing damage or danger from
mines.  Also called **MCM.**  (JP 3-15)
minefield - 1. In land warfare, an area of ground containing mines emplaced with or
without a pattern.  2. In naval warfare, an area of water containing mines emplaced with
or without a pattern.  See also **mine; mine warfare.**  (JP 3-15)
minefield record - A complete written record of all pertinent information concerning a
minefield, submitted on a standard form by the officer in charge of the emplacement operations.  (JP 3-15)
minefield report - An oral, electronic, or written communication concerning mining
activities (friendly or enemy) submitted in a standard format by the fastest secure means available.  (JP 3-15)
minehunting - Employment of air, surface, or subsurface sensor and neutralization
systems to locate and dispose of individual mines in a known field, or to verify the
presence or absence of mines in a given area.  See also **minesweeping.**  (JP 3-15)
minesweeping - The technique of clearing mines using either mechanical sweeping to
remove, disturb, or otherwise neutralize the mine; explosive sweeping to cause sympathetic detonations, damage, or displace the mine; or influence sweeping to produce either the acoustic or magnetic influence required to detonate the mine.  See also **minehunting.**  (JP 3-15)
mine warfare - The strategic, operational, and tactical use of mines and mine
countermeasures either by emplacing mines to degrade the enemy's capabilities to wage
land, air, and maritime warfare or by countering of enemy-emplaced mines to permit friendly maneuver or use of selected land or sea areas.  Also called **MIW.**  (JP 3-15)
minimize - A condition wherein normal message and telephone traffic is drastically
reduced so messages connected with an actual or simulated emergency shall not be
delayed.  (JP 6-0)
minimum force - Those minimum actions, including the use of armed force, sufficient to
bring a situation under control or to defend against a hostile act or hostile intent, where the firing of weapons is to be considered as a means of last resort.  (JP 3-07.3)
minimum-risk route - A temporary corridor of defined dimensions recommended for use
by high-speed, fixed-wing aircraft that presents the minimum known hazards to lowflying aircraft transiting the combat zone.  Also called **MRR.**  (JP 3-52)
missile defense - Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy missiles, or to
nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack.  Also called MD.  (JP 3-01)
missile engagement zone - In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions
within which the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats normally rests
with surface-to-air missile systems.  Also called **MEZ.**  (JP 3-01)
mission - 1. The task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken
and the reason therefore.  (JP 3-0)  2. In common usage, especially when applied to lower military units, a duty assigned to an individual or unit; a task.  (JP 3-0)  3. The dispatching of one or more aircraft to accomplish one particular task.  (JP 3-30)
mission assignment - The vehicle used by the Department of Homeland
Security/Emergency Preparedness and Response/Federal Emergency Management Agency to support federal operations in a declared Stafford Act major disaster or emergency declaration that orders immediate, short-term emergency response assistance when an applicable state or local government is overwhelmed by the event and lacks the capability to perform, or contract for, the necessary work.  (JP 3-28)
mission assurance - A process to protect or ensure the continued function and resilience of
capabilities and assets, including personnel, equipment, facilities, networks, information and information systems, infrastructure, and supply chains, critical to the execution of
Department of Defense mission-essential functions.  Also called MA.  (JP 3-26)
mission command - The conduct of military operations through decentralized execution
based upon mission-type orders.  (JP 3-31)
mission-oriented protective posture - A flexible system of protection against chemical,
biological, radiological, and nuclear contamination in which personnel are required to
wear only that protective clothing and equipment appropriate to the threat level, work
rate imposed by the mission, temperature, and humidity.  Also called **MOPP.**  See also mission-oriented protective posture gear.  (JP 3-11)
mission-oriented protective posture gear - Military term for individual protective
equipment, including suit, boots, gloves, mask with hood, first aid treatments, and
decontamination kits, issued to authorized personnel.  Also called **MOPP gear.**  See
also **decontamination; mission-oriented protective posture.**  (JP 3-11)
mission statement - A short sentence or paragraph that describes the organization's
essential task(s), purpose, and action containing the elements of who, what, when, where, and why.  See also **mission.**  (JP 5-0)
mission type order - 1. An order issued to a lower unit that includes the accomplishment
of the total mission assigned to the higher headquarters.  2. An order to a unit to perform a mission without specifying how it is to be accomplished.  (JP 3-50)
mobile security force - A highly mobile and dedicated security force with the capability
to defeat Level I and II threats in a joint security area.  Also called **MSF.**  (JP 3-10)
mobility - A quality or capability of military forces which permits them to move from place
to place while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission.  (JP 3-36)
mobility air forces - Air components and Service components that are assigned and/or
routinely exercise command authority over air mobility operations.  Also called **MAF.** (JP 3-36)
mobility corridor - Areas that are relatively free of obstacles where a force will be
canalized due to terrain restrictions allowing military forces to capitalize on the principles of mass and speed.  (JP 2-01.3)
mobilization - 1. The process of assembling and organizing national resources to support
national objectives in time of war or other emergencies.  See also **industrial mobilization.** 2. The process by which the Armed Forces of the United States, or part of them, are brought to a state of readiness for war or other national emergency.  (JP 4-05)
mobilization base - The total of all resources available, or that can be made available, to
meet foreseeable wartime needs.  (JP 4-05)
mobilization site - The designated location where a Reserve Component unit or individual
mobilizes or moves after mobilization for further processing, training, and employment. See also **mobilization; mobilization station; Reserve Component.**  (JP 4-05)
mobilization station - The designated military installation to which a Reserve Component
unit or individual is moved for further processing, organizing, equipping, training, and
employment and from which the unit or individual may move to an aerial port of embarkation or seaport of embarkation.  See also mobilization; mobilization site; Reserve Component.  (JP 4-05)
mode of transport - One of, or a combination of, the following modes used for a
movement:  a. inland surface transportation (rail, road, and inland waterway); b. sea transport (coastal and ocean); c. air transportation; and d.  pipelines.  (JP 4-09)
Modernized Integrated Database - The national-level repository for the general military
intelligence available to the entire Department of Defense Intelligence Information
System community and, through Global Command and Control System integrated
imagery and intelligence, to tactical units.  Also called **MIDB.**  (JP 2-01)
modified combined obstacle overlay - A joint intelligence preparation of the operational
environment product used to portray the militarily significant aspects of the operational environment, such as obstacles restricting military movement, key geography, and
military objectives.  Also called **MCOO.**  See also joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment.  (JP 2-01.3)

moored mine - A contact or influence-operated mine of positive buoyancy held below the
surface by a mooring attached to a sinker or anchor on the bottom.  See also mine. (JP 3-15)
morale, welfare, and recreation - The merging of multiple unconnected disciplines into
programs that improve unit readiness; promote fitness; build unit morale and cohesion; enhance quality of life; and provide recreational, social, and other support services.  Also called **MWR.**  (JP 1-0)
mortuary affairs - Provides for the search, recovery, identification, preparation, and
disposition of human remains of persons for whom the Services are responsible by status
and executive order.  Also called MA.  See also **joint mortuary affairs office.**
(JP 4-0)
mounting 1. All preparations made in anticipation of an operation, including assembly in
the mounting area; preparation and maintenance within the mounting area; movement to loading points; and subsequent embarkation into ships, craft, or aircraft if applicable. 2. A carriage or stand upon which a weapon is placed.  (JP 3-02)
mounting area - A general locality where assigned forces of an amphibious or airborne
operation, with their equipment, are assembled, prepared, and loaded in ships and/or aircraft preparatory to an assault.  See also **embarkation area.**  (JP 3-02)
movement control - The planning, routing, scheduling, and control of personnel and cargo
movements over lines of communications; includes maintaining in-transit visibility of
forces and material through the deployment and/or redeployment process.  See also line
of communications; movement control teams; non-unit cargo; non-unit-related personnel.  (JP 4-01.5)
movement control team - An Army team used to decentralize the execution of movement
responsibilities on an area basis or at key transportation nodes.  Also called **MCT.** (JP 4-09)
movement data - Those essential elements of information to schedule lift, obtain
transportation assets, manage movement of forces, and report in-transit visibility of
movements and associated forces (people, equipment, and supplies).  (JP 4-09)
movement group - Those ships and embarked units that load out and proceed to
rendezvous in the objective area.  (JP 3-02)
movement phase - In amphibious operations, the period during which various elements of
the amphibious force move from points of embarkation or forward-deployed locations
to the objective area.  See also **amphibious force; amphibious operation.**  (JP 3-02)
movement plan - In amphibious operations, the naval plan providing for the movement of
the amphibious task force to the objective area.  See also amphibious operation; amphibious task force.  (JP 3-02)
movement requirement - A stated movement mode and time-phased need for the
transport of units, personnel, and/or materiel from a specified origin to a specified destination.  (JP 4-09)
movement schedule - A timetable developed to monitor or track the movement of a
separate entity, whether it is a force requirement, cargo or personnel increment, or lift asset, that reflects the assignment of specific lift resources, shows a flow and workload at each location, and supports plan implementation.  (JP 4-09)
movement table - A table giving detailed instructions or data for a move.  (JP 4-09)
movement to contact - A form of the offense designed to develop the situation and to
establish or regain contact.  (JP 3-50)
multinational - Between two or more forces or agencies of two or more nations or coalition
partners.  See also **alliance.**  (JP 5-0)
multinational doctrine - The agreed-upon fundamental principles that guide the
employment of forces of two or more nations in coordinated action toward a common
objective.  See also **joint doctrine.**  (JP 3-16)
multinational force - A force composed of military elements of nations who have formed
an alliance or coalition for some specific purpose.  Also called **MNF.**  See also multinational force commander; multinational operations.  (JP 1)
multinational force commander - A general term applied to a commander who exercises
command authority over a military force composed of elements from two or more
nations.  Also called **MNFC.**  See also **multinational force.**  (JP 3-16)
multinational integrated logistic unit - An organization resulting when two or more
nations agree to provide logistics assets to a multinational logistic force under the operational control of a multinational commander for the logistic support of a multinational force.  Also called **MILU.**  See also **multinational.**  (JP 3-16)
multinational logistics - Any coordinated logistic activity involving two or more nations
supporting a multinational force conducting military operations under the auspices of an alliance or coalition, including those conducted under United Nations mandate.  Also called **MNL.**  See also **logistics; multinational.**  (JP 3-16)
multinational operations - A collective term to describe military actions conducted by
forces of two or more nations, usually undertaken within the structure of a coalition or
alliance.  See also **alliance.**  (JP 3-16)
multinational staff - A staff composed of personnel of two or more nations within the
structure of a coalition or alliance.  See also **integrated staff; joint staff.**  (JP 3-16)
munition - A complete device charged with explosives; propellants; pyrotechnics;
initiating composition; or chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear material for use
in operations including demolitions.  (JP 3-42)
munitions effectiveness assessment - The assessment of the military force applied in
terms of the weapon system and munitions effectiveness to determine and recommend any required changes to the methodology, tactics, weapon system, munitions, fusing, and/or weapon delivery parameters to increase force effectiveness.  Also called **MEA.** See also **assessment; battle damage assessment.**  (JP 2-01)
mutual support - That support which units render each other against an enemy, because
of their assigned tasks, their position relative to each other and to the enemy, and their
inherent capabilities.  See also close support; direct support; **support.**  (JP 3-31)


named area of interest - The geospatial area or systems node or link against which
information that will satisfy a specific information requirement can be collected, usually to capture indications of adversary courses of action.  Also called **NAI.**  See also area of interest.  (JP 2-01.3)
narcoterrorism - Terrorism that is linked to illicit drug trafficking.  (JP 3-07.4)

National Capital Region - A geographic area encompassing the District of Columbia and
11 local jurisdictions in the State of Maryland and the Commonwealth of Virginia.  Also
called **NCR.**  (JP 3-28)
National Defense Reserve Fleet - 1. Including the Maritime Administration Ready
Reserve Force, a fleet composed of ships acquired and maintained by the Maritime
Administration for use in mobilization or emergency.  2. Less the Maritime
Administration Ready Reserve Force, a fleet composed of the older dry cargo ships, tankers, troop transports, and other assets in the Maritime Administration's custody that
are maintained at a relatively low level of readiness.  Also called **NDRF.**  See also Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force.  (JP 3-36)
National Detainee Reporting Center - The national-level center that accounts for all
persons who pass through the care, custody, and control of the Department of Defense and that obtains and stores information concerning detainees and their confiscated personal property.  Also called **NDRC.**  (JP 3-63)
National Disaster Medical System - A federally coordinated medical system, augmenting
the United States' medical response capability to assist state, local, and tribal authorities
in dealing with medical impacts during major peacetime disasters.  Also called **NDMS.**
(JP 3-41)
national emergency - A condition declared by the President or Congress by virtue of
powers previously vested in them that authorize certain emergency actions to be
undertaken in the national interest.  See also **mobilization.**  (JP 3-28)
National Incident Management System - A national crisis response system that provides
a consistent, nationwide approach for federal, state, local, and tribal governments; the private sector; and nongovernmental organizations to work effectively and efficiently together to prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of cause, size, or complexity.  Also called **NIMS.**  (JP 3-41)
national intelligence - All intelligence that pertains to more than one agency and involves
threats to the United States, its people, property, or interests; the development, proliferation, or use of weapons of mass destruction; or any other matter bearing on United States national or homeland security.  (JP 2-01)
National Military Command System - The priority component of the Global Command
and Control System designed to support the President, Secretary of Defense, and Joint
Chiefs of Staff in the exercise of their responsibilities.  Also called **NMCS.**  (JP 6-0)
national military strategy - A document approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff for distributing and applying military power to attain national security strategy and Defense Strategic Guidance objectives.  Also called **NMS.**  See also national security strategy; strategy; theater strategy.  (JP 1)
national operations center - The primary national hub for domestic incident management
operational coordination and shared situational awareness.  Also called **NOC.**  (JP 3-28)
national preparedness - Actions taken to plan, organize, equip, train, and exercise to build
and sustain the capabilities necessary to prevent, protect against, mitigate the effects of,
respond to, and recover from those threats that pose the greatest risk to the security of
the nation.  (JP 3-27)
national security - A collective term encompassing both national defense and foreign
relations of the United States with the purpose of gaining:  a. A military or defense
advantage over any foreign nation or group of nations; b. A favorable foreign relations position; or c. A defense posture capable of successfully resisting hostile or destructive action from within or without, overt or covert.  See also **security.**  (JP 1)
National Security Council - A governmental body specifically designed to assist the
President in integrating all spheres of national security policy.  Also called **NSC.**  (JP 1)
national security interests - The foundation for the development of valid national
objectives that define United States goals or purposes.  (JP 1)
national security space - The space-related systems, services, capabilities, and associated
information networks of the Department of Defense and the national intelligence community, or other space-related systems that the Secretary of Defense may designate
as national security space systems in coordination with the system owner, that support
United States national security and enable defense and intelligence operations during times of peace, crisis, or conflict.  (DODD 3100.10)
national security strategy - A document approved by the President of the United States
for developing, applying, and coordinating the instruments of national power to achieve objectives that contribute to national security.  Also called **NSS.**  See also national
military strategy; strategy; theater strategy.  (JP 1)
national shipping authority - The organization within each Allied government
responsible in time of war for the direction of its own merchant shipping.  Also called
NSA.  (JP 3-36)
national special security event - A designated event that, by virtue of its political,
economic, social, or religious significance, may be the target of terrorism or other criminal activity.  Also called **NSSE.**  (JP 3-28)
national stock number - The 13-digit number that identifies a stock item consisting of the
4-digit federal supply classification code plus the 9-digit national item identification
number and arranged as follows: 9999-00-999-9999.  Also called **NSN.**  (JP 4-09)
national support element - Any national organization or activity that supports national
forces that are a  part  of a  multinational  force.  See also **multinational force; support.**
(JP 1)
National System for Geospatial Intelligence - The combination of technology, policies,
capabilities, doctrine, activities, people, data, and organizations necessary to produce geospatial intelligence in an integrated, multi-intelligence environment.  Also called NSG.  (JP 2-03)
natural disaster - A situation that poses significant danger to life and property that results
from a natural cause.  See also **domestic emergencies.**  (JP 3-29)
naval advanced logistic support site - An overseas location used as the primary
transshipment point in the theater of operations for logistic support.  Also called **NALSS.**
See also **naval forward logistic site; support; theater of operations.**  (JP 3-35)
naval beach group - A permanently organized naval command within an amphibious
force, composed of a commander and staff, a beachmaster unit, an amphibious construction battalion, and assault craft units, designed to provide an administrative
group from which required naval tactical components may be made available to the
amphibious task force commander and to the amphibious landing force commander. Also called **NBG.**  See also **shore party.**  (JP 3-02)
naval construction force - The combined construction units of the Navy that are part of
the operating forces and represent the Navy's capability for advanced base construction. Also called **NCF.**  (JP 3-34)
naval forward logistic site - An overseas location, with port and airfield facilities nearby,
which provides logistic support to naval forces within the theater of operations during major contingency and wartime periods.  Also called **NFLS.**  See also naval advanced
logistic support site; staging.  (JP 3-35)
naval gunfire support - Fire provided by Navy surface gun systems in support of a unit or
units tasked with achieving the commander's objectives.  Also called **NGFS.**  See also
naval surface fire support.  (JP 3-09)
naval operation - 1. A naval action (or the performance of a naval mission) that may be
strategic, operational, tactical, logistic, or training.  2. The process of carrying on or training for naval combat to gain the objectives of any battle or campaign.
(JP 3-32)
naval special warfare - A naval warfare specialty that conducts special operations with an
emphasis on maritime, coastal, and riverine environments using small, flexible, mobile
units operating under, on, and from the sea.  Also called **NSW.**  (JP 3-05)
naval special warfare group - A Navy echelon III major command to which most naval
special warfare forces are assigned.  (JP 3-05)
naval special warfare task group - A provisional naval special warfare organization that
plans, conducts, and supports special operations in support of fleet commanders and joint force special operations component commanders.  Also called **NSWTG.**
(JP 3-05)
naval special warfare task unit - A provisional subordinate unit of a naval special warfare
task group.  Also called **NSWTU.**  See also **naval special warfare task group.**
(JP 3-05)
naval surface fire support - Fire provided by Navy surface gun and missile systems in
support of a unit or units.  Also called **NSFS.**  See also **fire support.**  (JP 3-09.3)
navigation warfare - Deliberate defensive and offensive action to assure and prevent
positioning, navigation, and timing information through coordinated employment of space, cyberspace, and electromagnetic warfare operations.  Also called **NAVWAR.**  (JP
3-14)
Navy cargo-handling battalion - A mobile logistic support unit that is organized, trained,
and equipped to: a. load and off-load Navy and Marine Corps cargo carried in maritime
pre-positioning ships and merchant breakbulk or container ships in all environments, b.
operate an associated temporary ocean cargo terminal, c. load and off-load Navy and Marine Corps cargo carried in military-controlled aircraft, and d. operate an associated expeditionary air cargo terminal.  Also called **NCHB.**  See also maritime prepositioning ships.  (JP 3-02)
Navy expeditionary logistics support group - A Navy Reserve command organized and
staffed to provide a wide range of supply and transportation support critical for peacetime support, crisis response, humanitarian, and combat service support missions.
Also called **NAVELSG.**  (JP 4-01.6)
Navy special operations forces - Those Active Component and Reserve Component Navy
forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations.  Also called **NAVSOF.**  (JP 3-05)
Navy support element - The maritime pre-positioning force element that is tasked to
conduct the off-load and ship-to-shore movement of maritime pre-positioned equipment
and/or supplies.   Also called **NSE.**  (JP 3-02)
Navy tactical air control center - The principal air operations installation (ship-based)
from which all aircraft and air warning functions of tactical air operations are controlled.
Also called **Navy TACC.**  (JP 3-09.3)
Navy-unique fleet essential aircraft - Combatant commander-controlled airlift deemed
essential in support of naval operations' transportation requirements.  Also called NUFEA.  (JP 3-36)
need to know - A criterion used in security procedures that requires the custodians of
classified information to establish, prior to disclosure, that the intended recipient must have access to the information to perform his or her official duties.  (JP 2-01.2)
negation - In space operations, measures to deceive, disrupt, degrade, deny, or destroy
space systems.  See also **space control.**  (JP 3-14)
nerve agent - A potentially lethal chemical agent that interferes with the transmission of
nerve impulses.  (JP 3-11)
net explosive weight - The actual weight in pounds of explosive mixtures or compounds,
including the trinitrotoluene equivalent of energetic material, that is used in determination of explosive limits and explosive quantity data arcs.  Also called **NEW.** (JP 4-09)
networked munitions - Remotely controlled, interconnected, weapons systems designed
to provide rapidly emplaced ground-based countermobility and protection capability
through scalable application of lethal and nonlethal means.  (JP 3-15)
network engagement - Interactions with friendly, neutral, and threat networks, conducted
continuously and simultaneously at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels, to help achieve the commander's objectives within an operational area.  (JP 3-25)
neutral - In combat and combat support operations, an identity applied to a track whose
characteristics, behavior, origin, or nationality indicate that it is neither supporting nor opposing friendly forces.  See also **suspect; unknown.**  (JP 3-0)
neutrality - In international law, the attitude of impartiality during periods of war adopted
by third states toward a belligerent and subsequently recognized by the belligerent, which creates rights and duties between the impartial states and the belligerent.
(JP 3-0)
neutralize - 1. As pertains to military operations, to render ineffective or unusable.  2. To
render enemy personnel or materiel incapable of interfering with a particular operation. 3. To render safe mines, bombs, missiles, and booby traps.  4. To make harmless anything contaminated with a chemical agent.  (JP 3-0)
night-vision device - Any electro-optical device used to detect visible and infrared energy
and provide a visible image.  Also called **NVD.**  See also forward-looking infrared;
night-vision goggle.  (JP 3-09.3)
night-vision goggle - An electro-optical, image-intensifying device that detects visible and
near-infrared energy, intensifies the energy, and provides a visible image for night viewing.  Also called **NVG.**  See also **night-vision device.**  (JP 3-09.3)
node - 1. A location in a mobility system where a movement requirement is originated,
processed for onward movement, or terminated.  (JP 3-36)  2. In communications and computer systems, the physical location that provides terminating, switching, and
gateway access services to support information exchange.  (JP 6-0)  3. An element of a system that represents a person, place, or physical thing.  (JP 3-0)

no-fire area - An area designated by the appropriate commander into which fires or their
effects are prohibited.  Also called **NFA.**  See also **fires.**  (JP 3-09.3)
nonappropriated funds - Funds generated by Department of Defense personnel and their
dependents used to augment funds appropriated by Congress to provide comprehensive, morale-building welfare, religious, educational, and recreational programs.  Also called NAF.  (JP 1-0)
nonbattle injury - A person who becomes a casualty due to circumstances not directly
attributable to hostile action or terrorist activity. Also called **NBI.**  (JP 4-02)
noncombatant evacuation operation - An operation whereby noncombatant evacuees are
evacuated from a threatened area abroad, which includes areas facing actual or potential
danger from natural or manmade disaster, civil unrest, imminent or actual terrorist activities, hostilities, and similar circumstances, that is carried out with the assistance of the Department of Defense.  Also called **NEO.**  See also evacuation; noncombatant evacuees; operation; safe haven.  (JP 3-68)
noncombatant evacuation operation tracking system - An automated data processing
hardware and software package that has the capability to provide evacuee in-transit visibility to combatant commanders and senior leadership during the conduct of a noncombatant evacuation operation.  Also called **NTS.**  (JP 3-68)
noncombatant evacuees - 1. United States citizens who may be ordered to evacuate by
competent authority, and who are civilian employees of all agencies of the United States
Government and their dependents, excepting dependents who are residents in the
country concerned of their own volition; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the
United States specifically designated for evacuation as noncombatants; and dependents
of members of the Armed Forces of the United States.  2. United States citizens and
non-United States citizens who may be authorized or assisted to evacuate by competent authority, and who are civilian employees of United States Government agencies and
their dependents who are residents in the country concerned of their own volition, but express the willingness to be evacuated; private United States citizens and their dependents; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the United States and their dependents; and designated personnel, including dependents of persons ordered to evacuate, as prescribed by the Department of State.  See also noncombatant
evacuation operation.  (JP 3-68)
nonconventional assisted recovery - Personnel recovery conducted by indigenous/
surrogate personnel that are trained, supported, and led by special operations forces,
unconventional warfare ground and maritime forces, or other government agencies'
personnel that have been specifically trained and directed to establish and operate
indigenous or surrogate infrastructures.  Also called **NAR.**  (JP 3-50)
nongovernmental organization - A private, self-governing, not-for-profit organization
dedicated to alleviating human suffering; and/or promoting education, health care,
economic development, environmental protection, human rights, and conflict resolution; and/or encouraging the establishment of democratic institutions and civil
society.  Also called **NGO.**  (JP 3-08)
nonlethal reference point - A point that designates the intended target for creating
nonlethal effects, which may not be a precise physical location and is considered an aimpoint for databasing.  Also called **NLRP.**  (JP 3-60)
nonlethal weapon - A weapon, device, or munition that is explicitly designed and primarily
employed to incapacitate personnel or materiel immediately, while minimizing fatalities,
permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property in the target area or environment.  Also called **NLW.**  (JP 3-09)
nonpersistent agent - A chemical agent that, when released, dissipates and/or loses its
ability to cause casualties after 10 to 15 minutes.  (JP 3-11)
nonpersistent mine - Mine that remains active for a predetermined period of time until
self-destruction, self-neutralization, or self-deactivation renders the mine inactive. (JP 3-15)
nonproliferation - Actions to prevent the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction by
dissuading or impeding access to, or distribution of, sensitive technologies, material, and expertise.  See also **counterproliferation.**  (JP 3-40)
nonscheduled units - Units of the landing force held in readiness for landing during the
initial unloading period but not included in either scheduled or on-call waves. (JP 3-02)
non-unit cargo - All equipment and supplies requiring transportation to an operational
area, other than those identified as the equipment or accompanying supplies of a specific
unit.  (JP 4-01.5).
non-unit-related personnel - All personnel requiring transportation to or from an
operational area, other than those assigned to a specific unit.  Also called NURP.
(JP 1-0)
no-strike list - A list of objects or entities characterized as protected from the effects of
military operations under international law and/or rules of engagement.  Also called NSL. See also **law of armed conflict.**  (JP 3-60)
not mission capable, supply - Material condition indicating that systems and equipment
are not capable of performing any of their assigned missions because of maintenance work stoppage due to a supply shortage.  Also called **NMCS.**  (JP 4-09)
nuclear hazard - Dangers associated with the blast, thermal, and radiation effects from
nuclear explosion.  (JP 3-11)
nuclear incident - An unexpected incident involving a nuclear weapon, facility, or
component, but not constituting a nuclear weapon(s) accident, resulting in any of the
following: a. an increase in the possibility of explosion or radioactive contamination; b.
errors committed in the assembly, testing, loading, or transportation of equipment, and/or the malfunctioning of equipment and materiel which could lead to an unintentional operation of all or part of the weapon arming and/or firing sequence, or which could lead to a substantial change in yield, or increased dud probability; and c. any act of God, unfavorable environment, or condition resulting in damage to the weapon, facility, or component.  (JP 3-41)
nuisance minefield - A minefield laid to delay and disorganize the enemy and to hinder
the use of an area or route.  See also **minefield.**  (JP 3-15)
numbered beach - In amphibious operations, a subdivision of a colored beach designated
for the assault landing of a battalion landing team, or similar-sized unit, when landed as
part of a larger force.  (JP 3-02)
numbered fleet - A major tactical unit of the Navy immediately subordinate to a major
fleet command and comprising various task forces, elements, groups, and units for the purpose of prosecuting specific naval operations.  See also **fleet.**  (JP 3-32)


object-based production - The intelligence communities' framework for organizing and
sharing information, relating data from all sources to known objects (e.g., units, people, locations, or events).  Also called **OBP.**  (JP 2-03)
objective - 1. The clearly defined, decisive, and attainable goal toward which an operation
is directed.  2. The specific goal of the action taken which is essential to the commander's plan.  See also **target.**  (JP 5-0)
objective area - A geographical area, defined by competent authority, within which is
located an objective to be captured or reached by the military forces.  Also called OA.
(JP 3-06)
observable - In military deception, the detectable result of the combination of an indicator
within an adversary's conduit intended to cause action or inaction by the deception
target.  (JP 3-13.4)
obstacle - Any natural or man-made obstruction designed or employed to disrupt, fix, turn,
or block the movement of an opposing force, and to impose additional losses in personnel, time, and equipment on the opposing force.  (JP 3-15)
obstacle belt - A brigade-level command and control measure, normally depicted
graphically, to show where within an obstacle zone the ground tactical commander plans to limit friendly obstacle employment and focus the defense.  See also **obstacle.**
(JP 3-15)
obstacle clearing - The total elimination or neutralization of obstacles.  (JP 3-15) obstacle restricted areas - A command and control measure used to limit the type or
number of obstacles within an area.  See also **obstacle.**  (JP 3-15)
obstacle zone - A division-level command and control measure to designate specific land
areas where lower echelons are allowed to employ tactical obstacles.  See also **obstacle.**
(JP 3-15)
oceanography - The study of the sea, embracing and integrating all knowledge pertaining
to the sea and its physical boundaries, the chemistry and physics of seawater, and marine
biology.  (JP 3-59)
offensive counterair - Offensive operations to destroy or neutralize enemy aircraft,
missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, and as close to their source as possible.  Also called **OCA.**  See also counterair; defensive counterair; operation.  (JP 3-01)
offensive counterair attack operations - Offensive action by any part of the joint force in
support of the offensive counterair mission against surface targets which contribute to
the enemy's air and missile capabilities.  Also called **OCA attack operations.**  See also counterair; offensive counterair.  (JP 3-01)

offensive counterintelligence operation - A counterintelligence activity conducted to
support Department of Defense and national intelligence, operational, and contingency requirements, using a formally-recruited asset or notional persona, to develop information on, and provide information, materials, or equipment to, a foreign intelligence entity to penetrate the foreign intelligence entity or exploit, disrupt, or
manipulate the target in order to counter terrorism, espionage, or other clandestine intelligence activities that threaten the security of the Department of Defense or the
United States.  Also called **OFCO.**  (JP 2-01.2)
offensive cyberspace operations - Missions intended to project power in and through
cyberspace.  Also called **OCO.**  (JP 3-12)
offensive space control - Offensive operations conducted for space negation.  Also called
OSC.  (JP 3-14)
office - An enduring organization that is formed around a specific function within a
headquarters to coordinate and manage support requirements.  (JP 3-33)
officer in tactical command - In maritime usage, the senior officer present eligible to
assume command, or the officer to whom the senior officer has delegated tactical command.  Also called **OTC.**  (JP 3-32)
official information - Information that is owned by, produced for or by, or is subject to the
control of the United States Government.  (JP 3-61)
offset costs - Costs for which funds have been appropriated that may not be incurred as a
result of a contingency operation.  See also **contingency operation.**  (JP 3-80)
offshore bulk fuel system - The system used for transferring fuel from points offshore to
reception facilities on the beach.  Also called **OBFS**.  See also amphibious bulk liquid transfer system; offshore petroleum discharge system.  (JP 4-01.6)
offshore petroleum discharge system - Provides bulk transfer of petroleum directly from
an offshore tanker to a beach termination unit located immediately inland from the high watermark.  Also called **OPDS.**  See also facility; petroleum, oils, and lubricants;
single-anchor leg mooring.  (JP 4-03)
on-call - 1. A term used to signify that a prearranged concentration, air strike, or final
protective fire may be called for.  2. Preplanned, identified force or materiel
requirements without designated time-phase and destination information.  (JP 3-01)
on-call target - Planned target upon which fires or other actions are determined using
deliberate targeting  and triggered, when detected or located, using dynamic targeting. See also **dynamic targeting; on-call; operational area; planned target; target.**
(JP 3-60)
on hand - The quantity of an item that is physically available in a storage location and
contained in the accountable property book records of an issuing activity.  (JP 4-09)
on-scene commander - 1. An individual in the immediate vicinity of an isolating event
who temporarily assumes command of the incident.  2. The federal officer designated to direct federal crisis and consequence management efforts at the scene of a terrorist or weapons of mass destruction incident.  Also called **OSC.**  (JP 3-50)
on-station time - The time an aircraft can remain on station, which may be determined by
endurance or orders.  (JP 3-50)
open ocean - Ocean limit defined as greater than 12 nautical miles from shore.  See also
contiguous zone.  (JP 3-32)
open-source information - Information that any member of the public could lawfully
obtain by request or observation as well as other unclassified information that has limited public distribution or access.  (JP 2-0)
open-source intelligence - Relevant information derived from the systematic collection,
processing, and analysis of publicly available information in response to known or anticipated intelligence requirements.  Also called **OSINT.**  See also **intelligence.** (JP 2-0)
operating stocks - Fuel required to sustain daily operations and ensure fuel availability to
support United States military forces worldwide.  Also called OS.  (JP 4-03)
operation - 1. A sequence of tactical actions with a common purpose or unifying theme.
(JP 1)  2. A military action or the carrying out of a strategic, operational, tactical, service, training, or administrative military mission.  (JP 3-0)
operational access - The ability to project military force into an operational area with
sufficient freedom of action to accomplish the mission.  (JP 3-0)
operational approach - A broad description of the mission, operational concepts, tasks,
and actions required to accomplish the mission.  (JP 5-0)
operational area - An overarching term encompassing more descriptive terms (such as
area of responsibility and joint operations area) for geographic areas in which military operations are conducted.  Also called OA.  See also amphibious objective area; area of operations; area of responsibility; joint operations area; joint special operations area; theater of operations; theater of war.  (JP 3-0)
operational art - The cognitive approach by commanders and staffssupported by their
skill, knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgmentto develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends,
ways, and means.  (JP 3-0)
operational characteristics - Those military characteristics that pertain primarily to the
functions to be performed by equipment, either alone or in conjunction with other equipment; e.g., for electronic equipment, operational characteristics include such items as frequency coverage, channeling, type of modulation, and character of emission.  (JP 5-0)
operational contract support - The process of planning for and obtaining supplies,
services, and construction from commercial sources in support of combatant commander-directed operations.  Also called **OCS.**  (JP 4-10)
operational contract support integration cell - A cell established to coordinate and
integrate operational contract support actions across all primary and special staffs for an operational area.  Also called **OCSIC.**  (JP 4-10)
operational control - The authority to perform those functions of command over
subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission.  Also called **OPCON.**  See also combatant command; combatant command (command authority); tactical control.  (JP 1)
operational control authority - The naval commander responsible within a specified
geographical area for the naval control of all merchant shipping under Allied naval control.  Also called **OCA.**  (JP 3-15)
operational data - Information created by, used in, or used in support of a military
operation by the headquarters, its components, and operating forces that supports planning, analysis, and assessment of friendly, adversary, and enemy activity.  (JP 6-0)
operational decontamination - Decontamination carried out by an individual and/or a
unit, restricted to specific parts of operationally essential equipment, materiel, and/or working areas, to minimize contact and transfer hazards and to sustain operations.  See also decontamination; immediate decontamination; thorough decontamination. (JP 3-11)
operational design - The conception and construction of the framework that underpins
planning.  See also **campaign; major operation.**  (JP 5-0)
operational energy - The energy required for training, moving, and sustaining military
forces and weapons platforms for military operations.  (JP 4-0)
operational environment - A composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences
that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander. Also called **OE.**  (JP 3-0)
operational exposure guidance - The maximum amount of nuclear/external ionizing
radiation that the commander considers a unit may be permitted to receive while performing a particular mission or missions.  Also called **OEG.**  See also radiation exposure status.  (JP 3-11)
operational intelligence - Intelligence that is required for planning and conducting
campaigns and major operations to accomplish strategic objectives within theaters or operational areas.  See also **intelligence; strategic intelligence; tactical intelligence.** (JP 2-0)
operational level of warfare - The level of warfare at which campaigns and major
operations are planned, conducted, and sustained to achieve strategic objectives within theaters or other operational areas.  See also strategic level of warfare; tactical level of warfare.  (JP 3-0)
operational necessity - A mission associated with war or peacetime operations in which
the consequences of an action justify the risk of loss of aircraft and crew.  See also mission.  (JP 3-02)
operational pause - A temporary halt in operations.  (JP 5-0) operational preparation of the environment - The conduct of activities in likely or
potential operational areas to set conditions for mission execution.  Also called **OPE.** (JP 3-05)
operational reach - The distance and duration across which a force can successfully
employ military capabilities.  (JP 3-0)
operational readiness - The capability of a unit/formation, ship, weapon system, or
equipment to perform the missions or functions for which it is organized or designed.
Also called **OR.**  (JP 1-0)
operational support airlift - Airlift movements of high-priority passengers and cargo with
time, place, or mission-sensitive requirements.  Also called **OSA.**  (JP 3-36)
operation and maintenance - Maintenance and repair of real property, operation of
utilities, and provision of other services such as refuse collection and disposal, entomology, snow removal, and ice alleviation.  Also called **O&M.**  (JP 3-34)
operation assessment 1. A continuous process that measures the overall effectiveness of
employing capabilities during military operations to achieve stated objectives.  2. Determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating an effect, changing a condition, or achieving an objective.  (JP 5-0)
operation order - A directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders for the
purpose of effecting the coordinated execution of an operation.  Also called **OPORD.** (JP 5-0)
operation plan - A complete and detailed plan containing a full description of the concept
of operations, all annexes applicable to the plan, and a time-phased force and deployment list.  Also called **OPLAN.**  See also **operation order.**  (JP 5-0)
operations research - The analytical study of military problems undertaken to provide
responsible commanders and staff agencies with a scientific basis for decision on action
to improve military operations.  Also called operational research; operations
analysis.  (JP 3-31)
operations security - A capability that identifies and controls critical information,
indicators of friendly force actions attendant to military operations, and incorporates countermeasures to reduce the risk of an adversary exploiting vulnerabilities. Also
called **OPSEC.**  See also operations security indicators; operations security measures;
operations
security
planning
guidance;
operations
security
vulnerability.  (JP 3-13.3)
operations security assessment - An evaluative process to determine the likelihood that
critical information can be protected from the adversary's intelligence. (JP 3-13.3)
operations security countermeasures - Methods and means to gain and maintain essential
secrecy about critical information.  (JP 3-13.3)
operations security indicators - Friendly detectable actions and open-source information
that can be interpreted or pieced together by an adversary to derive critical information.
(JP 3-13.3)
operations security planning guidance - Guidance that defines the critical information
requiring protection from the adversary and outlines provisional measures to ensure
secrecy.  (JP 3-13.3)
operations security survey - A collection effort by a team of subject matter experts to
reproduce the intelligence image projected by a specific operation or function simulating hostile intelligence processes.  (JP 3-13.3)
operations security vulnerability - A condition in which friendly actions provide
operations security indicators that may be obtained and accurately evaluated by an adversary in time to provide a basis for effective adversary decision making.  (JP 3-13.3)
operations support element - An element that conducts all administrative, operations
support, and services support functions within the counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element of an intelligence directorate.  Also called **OSE.**  (JP 2-01.2)
ordered departure - 1. A procedure by which the number of United States Government
personnel, their dependents, or both are reduced at a foreign service post. 2. Mandatory departure of some or all categories of personnel and dependents to designated safe havens as directed by the Department of State, with the implementation of the theater evacuation plan.  (JP 3-68)
order of battle - The identification, strength, command structure, and disposition of the
personnel, units, and equipment of any military force.  Also called **OB; OOB.**
(JP 2-01.3)
ordnance - Explosives, chemicals, pyrotechnics, and similar stores, e.g., bombs, guns and
ammunition, flares, smoke, or napalm.  (JP 3-15)
organic - Assigned to and forming an essential part of a military organization as listed in its
table of organization for the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, and are assigned to the
operating forces for the Navy.  (JP 1)
organization for combat - In amphibious operations, task organization of landing force
units for combat, involving combinations of command, ground and aviation combat, combat support, and combat service support units, for accomplishment of missions ashore.  See also **amphibious operation; task organization.**  (JP 3-02)
organization for embarkation - In amphibious operations, an organization consisting of
temporary landing force task organizations established by the commander, landing force, and a temporary organization of Navy forces established by the commander, amphibious task force, for the purpose of simplifying planning and facilitating the execution of embarkation.  See also amphibious operation; embarkation; landing force; task organization.  (JP 3-02)
organization for landing - In amphibious operations, the specific tactical grouping of the
landing force for the assault.  (JP 3-02)
Organized Crime and Drug Enforcement Task Force - The network of regional task
forces that coordinates federal law enforcement efforts to combat the national and
international organizations that cultivate, process, and distribute illicit drugs.  Also
called **OCDETF.**  (JP 3-07.4)
originating medical treatment facility - A medical facility that initially transfers a patient
to another medical facility.  (JP 4-02)
originator - The command by whose authority a message is sent, which includes the
responsibility for the functions of the drafter and the releasing officer.  (JP 2-01)
oscillating mine - A hydrostatically controlled mine that maintains a pre-set depth below
the surface of the water independent of the rise and fall of the tide.  See also **mine.** (JP 3-15)
outer transport area - In amphibious operations, an area inside the antisubmarine screen
to which assault transports proceed initially after arrival in the objective area.  See also
inner transport area; transport area.  (JP 3-02)
outsized cargo - A single item that exceeds 1,000 inches long by 117 inches wide by 105
inches high in any one dimension.  See also **oversized cargo.**  (JP 4-01.6)
overhead persistent infrared - 1. Those systems originally developed to detect and track
foreign intercontinental ballistic missile systems. (JP 3-14)  2. Within geospatial intelligence, a capability that provides on-demand, persistent, global, and/or localized
coverage of high- to low-intensity infrared events to detect energy radiation from various tactical to strategic objects.  Also called **OPIR.**  (JP 2-03)

overpressure - The pressure resulting from the blast wave of an explosion referred to as
"positive" when it exceeds atmospheric pressure and "negative" during the passage of
the wave when resulting pressures are less than atmospheric pressure.  (JP 3-11)
Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document - A set of objective criteria and
management practices developed by the Department of Defense to protect human health and the environment.  Also called **OEBGD.**  (JP 3-34)
oversized cargo - 1. Large items of specific equipment such as a barge; side loadable
warping tug; causeway section, powered; or causeway section, nonpowered that require
transport by sea.  2. Air cargo exceeding the usable dimension of a 463L pallet loaded to the design height of 96 inches but equal to or less than 1,000 inches in length, 117
inches in width, and 105 inches in height.  See also **outsized cargo.**  (JP 3-36)
over-the-horizon amphibious operation - An operation launched from beyond visual and
radar range of the shoreline.  (JP 3-02)
overt - Activities that are openly acknowledged by, or are readily attributable to, the United
States Government, including those designated to acquire information through legal and
open means without concealment through the use of observation, elicitation, or from
knowledgeable human sources.  (JP 2-01.2)
overt operation - An operation conducted openly, without concealment.  See also
clandestine operation; covert operation.  (JP 2-01.2)
parallel chains of command - In amphibious operations, a parallel system of command,
responding to the interrelationship of participating forces, wherein corresponding commanders are established at each subordinate level of all components to facilitate coordinated planning for, and execution of, the amphibious operation.  (JP 3-02)
paramilitary forces - Armed forces or groups distinct from the conventional armed forces
of any country, but resembling them in organization, equipment, training, or mission.
(JP 3-24)
partial mobilization - Expansion of the active Armed Forces of the United States resulting
from action by Congress (up to full mobilization) or by the President (not more than
1,000,000 for not more than 24 consecutive months) to mobilize Ready Reserve component units, individual reservists, and the resources needed for their support to
meet the requirements of a war or other national emergency involving an external threat to the national security.  (JP 4-05)
partner nation - 1.  A nation that the United States works with in a specific situation or
operation.  (JP 1)  2.  In security cooperation, a nation with which the Department of Defense conducts security cooperation activities.  Also called PN.  (JP 3-20)
passage of lines - An operation in which a force moves forward or rearward through
another force's combat positions with the intention of moving into or out of contact with the enemy.  (JP 3-18)
passive defense - Measures taken to reduce the probability of and to minimize the effects
of damage caused by hostile action without the intention of taking the initiative.  See also **active defense.**  (JP 3-60)
pathway defeat - Activities to dissuade, deter, delay, disrupt, destroy, deny, and assure to
complicate conceptualization, development, production, and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.  (JP 3-40)
patient movement - The act or process of moving a sick, injured, wounded, or other person
to obtain medical and/or dental care or treatment, which include medical regulating, patient evacuation, and en route medical care.  Also called PM.  See also patient
movement items; patient movement requirements center.  (JP 4-02)
patient movement items - The medical equipment and supplies required to support
patients during aeromedical evacuation, which is part of a standardized list of approved safe-to-fly equipment.  Also called **PMIs.**  (JP 4-02)
patient movement policy - Command decision establishing the maximum number of days
that patients may be held within the command for treatment.  See also **evacuation.**
(JP 4-02)
patient movement requirements center - 1. A joint activity that coordinates patient
movement by functionally merging of joint medical regulating processes, Services' medical regulating processes, and patient movement evacuation requirements planning (transport to bed plan).  2. Term used to represent any theater, joint, or the Global Patient Movement Requirements Center function.  Also called **PMRC.**  (JP 4-02)
peace building - Stability actions that strengthen and rebuild a society's institutions,
infrastructure, and civic life to avoid a relapse into conflict.  Also called PB.  See also
peace enforcement; peacekeeping; peacemaking; peace operations.  (JP 3-07.3)
peace enforcement - Application of military force, or the threat of its use, normally
pursuant to international authorization, to compel compliance with resolutions or
sanctions designed to maintain or restore peace and order.  See also peace building;
peacekeeping; peacemaking; peace operations.  (JP 3-07.3)
peacekeeping - Military operations undertaken, with the consent of all major parties to a
dispute, designed to monitor and facilitate implementation of an agreement (cease fire, truce, or other such agreement) and support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political settlement.  See also peace building; peace enforcement; peacemaking; peace operations.  (JP 3-07.3)
peacemaking - The process of diplomacy, mediation, negotiation, or other forms of
peaceful settlements that arranges an end to a dispute and resolves issues that led to it.
Also called PM.  See also peace building; peace enforcement; peacekeeping; peace operations. (JP 3-07.3)
peace operations - Multiagency and multinational crisis response and limited contingency
operations involving all instruments of national power with military missions to contain
conflict, redress the peace, and shape the environment to support reconciliation and rebuilding and facilitate the transition to legitimate governance.  Also called PO.  See also **peace building; peace enforcement; peacekeeping; and peacemaking.** (JP 3-07.3)
permissive environment - Operational environment in which host nation military and law
enforcement agencies have control, as well as the intent and capability to assist operations that a unit intends to conduct.  (JP 3-0)
persistent agent - A chemical agent that, when released, remains able to cause casualties
for more than 24 hours to several days or weeks.  (JP 3-11)
persistent mine - A land mine, other than nuclear or chemical, that is not designed to selfdestruct; is designed to be emplaced by hand or mechanical means; and can be buried or surface emplaced.  (JP 3-15)
personal effects - All privately owned moveable, personal property of an individual.  Also
called PE.  See also **mortuary affairs; personal property.**  (JP 4-0)
personal locator beacon - An emergency device carried by individuals, to assist locating
during personnel recovery.  Also called **PLB.**  See also emergency locator beacon. (JP 3-50)
personal property - Property of any kind or any interest therein, except real property;
military-issued equipment/gear; records of the United States Government; and naval
vessels of the following categories: aircraft carriers, surface combatants, and
submarines.  (JP 4-0)
personal protective equipment - Mission-specific protective clothing and equipment
provided to shield or isolate selected personnel from a particular chemical, biological, radiological, and some nuclear hazards.  Also called **PPE.**  See also individual protective equipment.  (JP 3-11)
personal staff - Aides and staff officers handling special matters over which the
commander wishes to exercise close personal control.  (JP 3-33)
person authorized to direct disposition of human remains - A person, usually primary
next of kin, who is authorized to direct disposition of human remains.  Also called PADD.  See also **mortuary affairs.**  (JP 4-0)
personnel - Individuals required in either a military or civilian capacity to accomplish the
assigned mission.  (JP 1-0)
personnel accountability - The process to identify, capture, and record the personal
identification information of an individual usually through the use of a database.  (JP 1-0)
personnel recovery - The sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and
execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel.  Also called PR.  See also combat search and rescue; evasion; personnel; recovery; search and rescue. (JP 3-50)
personnel recovery coordination cell - The primary joint force component organization
responsible for coordinating and controlling component personnel recovery missions. Also called **PRCC.**  (JP 3-50)
personnel recovery reference product - A reference document for personnel recovery
containing specific information on a particular country or region of interest.  Also called PRRP.  (JP 3-50)
personnel services support - Service-provided sustainment activities that support a
Service member during both exercises and operations.  Also called **PSS.**  (JP 1-0)
petroleum, oils, and lubricants - A broad term that includes all petroleum and associated
products used by the Armed Forces.  Also called **POL.**  (JP 4-01.6)
phase - In planning, a definitive stage of a campaign or operation during which a large
portion of the forces and capabilities are involved in similar or mutually supporting activities for a common purpose.  (JP 5-0)
phase line - An easily identified feature in the operational area utilized for control and
coordination of military operations.  Also called PL.  (JP 3-09)
phony minefield -  An area free of live mines used to simulate a minefield, or section of a
minefield, with the object of deceiving the enemy.  See also **minefield.**  (JP 3-15)
physical characteristics - Those military characteristics of equipment that are primarily
physical in nature.  (JP 3-60)
physical damage assessment - The estimate of the quantitative extent of physical damage
to a target resulting from the application of military force.  See also battle damage assessment.  (JP 3-60)
physical security - That part of security concerned with physical measures designed to
safeguard personnel; to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material, and documents; and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft.  See also **communications security; security.**  (JP 3-0)
placement - An individual's proximity to information of intelligence interest.  (JP 2-01.2)
planned target - Target that is known to exist in the operational environment, upon which
actions are planned using deliberate targeting, creating effects which support
commander's objectives.  There are two subcategories of planned targets: scheduled and on-call.  See also **on-call target; operational area; scheduled target; target.** (JP 3-60)
planning and direction - In intelligence usage, the determination of intelligence
requirements, development of appropriate intelligence architecture, preparation of a
collection plan, and issuance of orders and requests to information collection agencies. See also **intelligence process.**  (JP 2-01)
planning factor - A multiplier used in planning to estimate the amount and type of effort
involved in a contemplated operation.  (JP 5-0)
planning factors database - Databases created and maintained by the Services for the
purpose of identifying all geospatial intelligence requirements for emerging and existing forces and systems.  Also called **PFDB.**  See also **geospatial information and services.**
(JP 2-03)
planning order - A planning directive that provides essential planning guidance and
directs the development, adaptation, or refinement of a plan/order.  Also called
PLANORD.  (JP 5-0)
planning phase - In amphibious operations, the phase normally denoted by the period
extending from the issuance of the initiating directive up to the embarkation phase.  See
also **amphibious operation.**  (JP 3-02)
planning team - A functional element within a headquarters established to solve problems
related to a specific task or requirement, and which dissolves upon completion of the
assigned task.  (JP 3-33)
point defense - The defense or protection of special vital elements and installations; e.g.,
command and control facilities or air bases.  (JP 3-52)
pointee-talkee - A language aid containing selected phrases in English opposite a
translation in a foreign language used by pointing to appropriate phrases.  See also
evasion aid.  (JP 3-50)
point of employment - In distribution operations, a physical location designated by the
commander at the tactical level where force employment, emplacement, or commodity consumption occurs.  (JP 4-09)
point of need - In distribution operations, a physical location within a desired operational
area designated by the geographic combatant commander or subordinate commander as a receiving point for forces or materiel, for subsequent use or consumption.  (JP 4-09)
point of origin - In distribution operations, the beginning point of a deployment,
redeployment, or movement where forces or materiel are located.  (JP 4-09)
polar orbit - A satellite orbit that passes over the North and South Poles on each orbit, has
an angle of inclination relative to the equator of 90 degrees, and eventually passes over
all points on the Earth.  (JP 3-14)
population at risk - The strength in personnel of a given force structure in terms of which
casualty rates are stated. Also called **PAR.**  (JP 4-02)
port complex - One or more port areas in which activities are geographically linked either
because these areas are dependent on a common inland transport system or because they
constitute a common initial destination for convoys.  (JP 4-01.5)
port of debarkation - The geographic point at which cargo or personnel are discharged.
Also called **POD.**  See also **port of embarkation.**  (JP 4-0)
port of embarkation - The geographic point in a routing scheme from which cargo or
personnel depart.  Also called **POE.**  See also **port of debarkation.**  (JP 3-36)
port operations group - A task-organized unit, located at the seaport of embarkation
and/or debarkation that assists and provides support in the loading and/or unloading and
staging of personnel, supplies, and equipment from shipping.  Also called **POG.**  See
also **landing force support party; task organization.**  (JP 3-35)
port security The safeguarding of vessels, harbors, ports, waterfront facilities, and cargo
from internal threats such as destruction, loss, or injury from sabotage or other subversive acts, accidents, thefts, or other causes of similar nature.  See also physical security; security.  (JP 3-10)
port support activity - A tailorable support organization composed of mobilization station
assets that ensures the equipment of the deploying units is ready to load.  Also called PSA.  See also **support.**  (JP 3-35)
positive control - A method of airspace control that relies on positive identification,
tracking, and direction of aircraft within an airspace, conducted with electronic means
by an agency having the authority and responsibility therein.  (JP 3-52)
positive identification - An identification derived from observation and analysis of target
characteristics including visual recognition, electronic support systems, noncooperative target recognition techniques, identification friend or foe systems, or other physics-based identification techniques.  Also called **PID.**  (JP 3-01)
post-contract award oversight - The non-acquisition function to monitor and report
contract execution as it relates to unit-mission readiness.  (JP 4-10)
post-launch abort - Deliberate action taken post-separation to cause a precision munition
to miss its target.  Also called **PLA.**  (JP 3-09.3)
precipitation static - Charged precipitation particles that strike antennas and gradually
charge the antenna, which ultimately discharges across the insulator, causing a burst of static.  Also called **P-STATIC.**  (JP 3-85)
precise time and time interval - A reference value of time and time interval (frequency).
Also called **PTTI.**  (JP 3-59)
precision-guided munition - A guided weapon intended to destroy a point target and
minimize collateral damage.  Also called **PGM, smart weapon, smart munition.**
(JP 3-03)
preferred forces - Specific units that are identified to provide assumptions essential for
continued planning and assessing the feasibility of a plan. (JP 5-0)
prelanding operations - Operations conducted by the amphibious force upon its arrival in
the amphibious objective area or operational area and prior to H-hour and/or L-hour. (JP 3-02)
prepare to deploy order - An order to a force provider to have a unit ready and to deploy
within a specified response time.  Also called **PTDO.**  (JP 5-0)
preplanned air support - Air support in accordance with a program, planned in advance
of operations.  (JP 3-09.3)
pre-position - To place military units, equipment, or supplies at or near the point of planned
use, or at a designated location, to reduce reaction time and to ensure timely support of a specific force during initial phases of an operation.  (JP 4-0)
pre-positioned war reserve stock - The assets that are designated to satisfy the prepositioned war reserve materiel requirement.  Also called **PWRS.**  (JP 4-03)
Presidential Reserve Call-up - Provision of a public law (Title 10, United States Code,
Section 12304) that provides the President a means to activate, without a declaration of national emergency, not more than 200,000 members of the Selected Reserve and the
Individual Ready Reserve (of whom not more than 30,000 may be members of the Individual Ready Reserve) for not more than 365 days to meet the requirements of any operational mission, other than for disaster relief or to suppress insurrection.  Also called
PRC.  See also **Individual Ready Reserve; mobilization; Selected Reserve.**
(JP 4-05)
pressure mine - 1. In land mine warfare, a mine having a fuze that responds to the direct
pressure of a target.  2. In naval mine warfare, a mine having a circuit that responds to the hydrodynamic pressure field of a target.  See also **mine.**  (JP 3-15)
prevention of mutual interference - In submarine operations, procedures established to
prevent submerged collisions between friendly submarines; between submarines and
friendly, surface ship-towed bodies and arrays; and between submarines, unmanned systems, and any other hazards to submerged navigation.  Also called **PMI.**  (JP 3-32)
preventive maintenance - Care and service of equipment and facilities in satisfactory
operating condition by systematic inspection, detection, and correction of incipient failures either before they occur or before they develop into major defects.  (JP 4-02)
preventive medicine - The anticipation, communication, prediction, identification,
prevention, education, risk assessment, and control of communicable diseases; illnesses; and exposure to endemic, occupational, and environmental threats.  Also called PVNTMED.  (JP 4-02)
primary agency - The federal department or agency assigned primary responsibility for
managing and coordinating a specific emergency support function in the National Response Framework.  (JP 3-28)
primary control officer - In amphibious operations, the officer embarked in a primary
control ship assigned to control the movement of landing craft, amphibious vehicles, and landing ships to and from a colored beach.  Also called **PCO.**  (JP 3-02)
primary control ship - In amphibious operations, a ship of the task force designated to
provide support for the primary control officer and a combat information center control team for a colored beach.  Also called **PCS.**  (JP 3-02)
primary review authority - The organization that is assigned by the lead agent to perform the
actions and coordination necessary to develop and maintain the assigned publication under
the cognizance of the lead agent.  Also called **PRA.**  See also joint publication; lead agent.  (CJCSM 5120.01)

prime contract - A contract or contractual action entered into by the United States
Government to obtain supplies, materials, equipment, or services of any kind.  (JP 4-10)
prime vendor - A contracting process that provides commercial products to regionally
grouped military and federal customers from commercial distributors using electronic commerce.  Also called PV.  See also **distribution system.**  (JP 4-09)
principal federal official - The federal official designated by the Secretary of Homeland
Security to act as his/her representative locally to oversee, coordinate, and execute the
Secretary's incident management responsibilities under Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5.  Also called **PFO.**  (JP 3-41)
principal officer - The officer in charge of a diplomatic mission, consular office, or other
foreign service post, such as a United States liaison office.  (JP 3-08)
priority designator - A two-digit issue and priority code placed in military standard
requisitioning and issue procedure requisitions to provide a means of assigning relative rankings to competing demands placed on the Department of Defense supply system. Also called PD.   (JP 4-01)
priority intelligence requirement - An intelligence requirement that the commander and
staff need to understand the threat and other aspects of the operational environment.  Also
called **PIR.**  See also information requirements; intelligence; intelligence process;
intelligence requirement.  (JP 2-01)
prisoner of war - A detained person (as defined in Articles 4 and 5 of the Geneva
Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of August 12, 1949) who,
while engaged in combat under orders of his or her government, is captured by the armed forces of the enemy.  Also called **POW.**  (JP 3-50)
private sector - An umbrella term that may be applied to any or all of the nonpublic or
commercial individuals and businesses, specified nonprofit organizations, most of
academia and other scholastic institutions, and selected nongovernmental organizations.
(JP 3-57)
privity of contract - The legal relationship that exists between two contracting parties.
(JP 4-10)
probability of damage - The probability that damage will occur to a target expressed as a
percentage or as a decimal.  Also called PD.  (JP 3-60)
procedural control - A method of airspace control which relies on a combination of
previously agreed and promulgated orders and procedures.  (JP 3-52)
procedural identification - An identification based on observation and analysis of target
behaviors including location and trajectory, as well as compliance with airspace control measures.  (JP 3-01)
procedures - Standard, detailed steps that prescribe how to perform specific tasks.  See
also **tactics; techniques.**  (CJCSM 5120.01)
procedure word - A word or phrase limited to radio telephone procedure used to facilitate
communication by conveying information in a condensed standard form.  Also called proword.  (JP 3-09.3)
processing - A system of operations designed to convert raw data into useful information.
(JP 2-0)
processing and exploitation - In intelligence usage, the conversion of collected
information into forms suitable to the production of intelligence.  See also intelligence
process.  (JP 2-01)
process owner - The head of a Department of Defense component assigned a responsibility
by the Secretary of Defense when process improvement involves more than one Service
or Department of Defense component.  (JP 4-0)
procurement lead time - The interval in time between the initiation of procurement action
and receipt of the products or services purchased as the result of such actions.  (JP 4-10)
procuring contracting officer - A contracting officer who initiates and signs the contract.
Also called **PCO.**  See also **administrative contracting officer; contracting officer.** (JP 4-10)
production base - The total national industrial production capacity available for the
manufacture of items to meet materiel requirements.  (JP 4-05)
production requirement - An intelligence requirement that cannot be met by current
analytical products resulting in tasking to produce a new product that can meet this intelligence requirement.  Also called PR.  (JP 2-0)
production requirements matrix - A compilation of prioritized combatant command allsource intelligence analysis and production requirements that support all phases of a plan.  Also called **PRMx.**  (JP 2-01)
prolonged field care - The continued delivery of medical care prior to patient movement
beyond the holding capability of that role of care.  (JP 4-02)
prompt radiation - The radiation, essentially neutrons and gamma rays, resulting from a
nuclear burst and emitted from the fireball within one minute after burst.  See also
residual radiation.  (JP 3-11)
proof - In mine warfare, to verify that a breached lane is free of live mines by passing a
mine roller or other mine-resistant vehicle through as the lead vehicle.  (JP 3-15)
protected emblems - The red cross, red crescent, and other symbols that designate that
persons, places, or equipment so marked have a protected status under the law of war. (JP 3-60)
protected frequencies - Friendly, generally time-oriented, frequencies used for a particular
operation, identified and protected to prevent them from being inadvertently jammed by
friendly forces while active electromagnetic warfare operations are directed against
hostile forces.  See also **electromagnetic warfare.**  (JP 3-85)
protected persons/places Persons (such as enemy prisoners of war) and places (such as
hospitals) that enjoy special protections under the law of war and which may or may not be marked with protected emblems.  (JP 3-84)
protection - Preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related military
and nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure deployed or located within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area.   See also **mission-oriented protective posture.**  (JP 3-0)
protection of shipping - The use of proportionate force, when necessary for the protection
of United States flag vessels and aircraft, United States citizens (whether embarked in
United States or foreign vessels), and their property against unlawful violence. (JP 3-0)
protective clothing - Clothing especially designed, fabricated, or treated to protect
personnel against hazards.  (JP 3-11)
protective minefield - 1. In land mine warfare, a minefield employed to assist a unit in its
local, close-in protection.  2. In naval mine warfare, a minefield emplaced in friendly territorial waters to protect ports, harbors, anchorages, coasts, and coastal routes.  See also **minefield.**  (JP 3-15)
provincial reconstruction team - A civil-military team designated to improve stability in
a given area by helping build the legitimacy and effectiveness of a host nation local or provincial government in providing security to its citizens and delivering essential
government services.  Also called **PRT.**  (JP 3-57)
public - In public affairs, a segment of the population with common attributes to which a
military force can tailor its communication.  See also external audience; internal audience. (JP 3-61)
public affairs - Communication activities with external and internal audiences.  Also called
PA.  See also **command information; public information.**  (JP 3-61)
public affairs assessment - An analysis of the news media and public environments to
evaluate the degree of understanding about strategic and operational objectives and
military activities and to identify levels of public support. See also assessment; public affairs.  (JP 3-61)

public affairs guidance - Constraints and restraints established by proper authority
regarding public communication activities.  Also called **PAG.**  See also **public affairs.**
(JP 3-61)
public information - Within public affairs, information of a military nature, the
dissemination of which is consistent with security and approved for public release.
(JP 3-61)


Intentionally Blank


Q-route - A system of preplanned shipping lanes in mined or potentially mined waters
used to minimize the area the mine countermeasures commander has to keep clear of mines in order to provide safe passage for friendly shipping.  (JP 3-15)
quadruple container - A 57.5 inches x 96 inches x 96 inches container box with a metal
frame, pallet base, and International Organization for Standardization corner fittings; four of these boxes can be lashed together to form a 20-foot American National Standards Institute or International Organization for Standardization intermodal
container.  Also called **QUADCON.**  (JP 4-09)


Intentionally Blank

radiation dose - The total amount of ionizing radiation absorbed by material or tissues.
(JP 3-11)
radiation dose rate - Measurement of radiation dose per unit of time.  (JP 3-11) radiation exposure status - Criteria to assist the commander in measuring unit exposure
to radiation based on total past cumulative dose, normally expressed in centigray.  Also
called **RES.**  (JP 3-11)
radio frequency countermeasures - Any device or technique employing radio frequency
materials or technology that is intended to impair the effectiveness of enemy activity,
particularly with respect to precision guided weapons and sensor systems.  Also called
RF CM.  (JP 3-85)
radiological dispersal device - An improvised assembly or process, other than a nuclear
explosive device, designed to disseminate radioactive material to cause destruction, damage, or injury.  Also called **RDD.**  (JP 3-11)
radiological exposure device - A radioactive source placed to cause injury or death.  Also
called **RED.**  (JP 3-11)
radiological hazard - Ionizing radiation that can cause damage, injury, or destruction from
either external irradiation or due to radiation from radioactive materials within the body.
(JP 3-11)
raid - An operation to temporarily seize an area to secure information, confuse an enemy,
capture personnel or equipment, or to destroy a capability culminating with a planned withdrawal.  (JP 3-0)
railhead - A point on a railway where loads are transferred between trains and other means
of transport.  (JP 4-09)
Rangers - Rapidly deployable airborne light infantry organized and trained to conduct
highly complex joint direct action operations in coordination with or in support of other
special operations units of all Services.  (JP 3-05)
rationalization - Any action that increases the effectiveness of allied forces through more
efficient or effective use of defense resources committed to the alliance.  (JP 3-16)
reachback - The process of obtaining products, services, and applications, or forces, or
equipment, or material from organizations that are not forward deployed.  (JP 3-30)
readiness - The ability of military forces to fight and meet the demands of assigned
missions.  See also **national military strategy.**  (JP 1)
Ready Reserve - The Selected Reserve and Individual Ready Reserve liable for active duty
as prescribed by law (Title 10, United States Code, Sections 10142, 12301, and 12302). See also **active duty; Individual Ready Reserve; Selected Reserve.**  (JP 4-05)
Realistic Military Training - Department of Defense training conducted off federal
property utilizing private or non-federal public property and infrastructure. (DODI 1322.28)
real property - Lands, buildings, structures, utilities systems, improvements, and
appurtenances, thereto that includes equipment attached to and made part of buildings
and structures, but not movable equipment.  (JP 3-34)
reattack recommendation - An assessment, derived from the results of battle damage
assessment and munitions effectiveness assessment, providing the commander systematic advice on reattack of a target.  Also called RR.  See also assessment; battle damage assessment; munitions effectiveness assessment; target.  (JP 3-60)
receiving ship - The ship in a replenishment unit that receives the rig(s).  (JP 4-03) reception - 1. All ground arrangements connected with the delivery and disposition of air
or sea drops.  2. Arrangements to welcome and provide secure quarters or transportation
for defectors, escapees, evaders, or incoming agents.  3. The process of receiving, offloading, marshalling, accounting for, and transporting of personnel, equipment, and
materiel from the strategic and/or intratheater deployment phase to a sea, air, or surface transportation point of debarkation to the marshalling area.  (JP 3-35)
recognition - 1. The determination by any means of the individuality of persons, or of
objects such as aircraft, ships, or tanks, or of phenomena such as communicationselectronics patterns.  2. In ground combat operations, the determination that an object is
similar within a category of something already known.  (JP 3-01)
recognition signal - Any prearranged signal by which individuals or units may identify
each other.  (JP 3-50)
reconnaissance - A mission undertaken to obtain, by visual observation or other detection
methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or adversary, or to secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics
of a particular area.  (JP 2-0)
reconstitution - 1.  Actions taken to rapidly restore functionality to an acceptable level for
a particular mission, operation, or contingency after severe degradation.  (JP 3-14)  2.
Those actions, including regeneration and reorganization, commanders plan and implement to restore units to a desired level of combat effectiveness commensurate with
mission requirements and available resources. (JP 3-02)  3. In maritime pre-positioning force operations, the methodical approach to restore the maritime pre-positioned equipment and supplies aboard the maritime pre-positioning ships squadron to full mission-capable status. (JP 3-02)
recovery - 1. In air (aviation) operations, that phase of a mission that involves the return of
an aircraft to a land base or platform afloat.  (JP 3-52)  2. The retrieval of a mine from the location where emplaced.  (JP 3-15)  3. In personnel recovery, actions taken to
physically gain custody of isolated personnel and return them to friendly control.  (JP 3-50)  4. Actions taken to extricate damaged or disabled equipment for return to friendly control or repair at another location.  See also **evader; evasion.**  (JP 3-34)
recovery and reconstitution - 1. Those actions taken by one nation prior to, during, and
following an attack by an enemy nation to minimize the effects of the attack, rehabilitate the national economy, provide for the welfare of the populace, and maximize the combat
potential of remaining forces and supporting activities.  2. Those actions taken by a military force during or after operational employment to restore its combat capability to
full operational readiness.  See also **recovery.**  (JP 3-35)
recovery mechanism - An indigenous or surrogate infrastructure that is specifically
developed, trained, and directed by United States forces to contact, authenticate,
support, move, and exfiltrate designated isolated personnel from uncertain or hostile areas back to friendly control.  Also called RM.  (JP 3-50)
recovery operations - Operations conducted to search for, locate, identify, recover, and
return isolated personnel, human remains, sensitive equipment, or items critical to national security.  (JP 3-50)
recovery site - In personnel recovery, an area from which isolated personnel can be
recovered.  See also **escapee; evader; evasion.**  (JP 3-50)
recovery team - In personnel recovery, designated United States or United States-directed
forces, that are specifically trained to operate in conjunction with indigenous or surrogate forces, and are tasked to contact, authenticate, support, move, and exfiltrate isolated personnel.  Also called RT.  (JP 3-50)
recovery vehicle - In personnel recovery, the vehicle on which isolated personnel are
boarded and transported from the recovery site.  (JP 3-50)
redeployment - The transfer or rotation of forces and materiel to support another
commander's operational requirements, or to return personnel, equipment, and materiel to the home and/or demobilization stations for reintegration and/or out-processing.  See also **deployment.**  (JP 3-35)
red team - An organizational element comprised of trained and educated members that
provide an independent capability to fully explore alternatives in plans and operations in the context of the operational environment and from the perspective of adversaries
and others.  (JP 2-0)
reduced operating status - Military Sealift Command ships withdrawn from full operating
status because of decreased operational requirements.  Also called **ROS.**  See also
Military Sealift Command.  (JP 3-36)
reduction - The creation of lanes through a minefield or obstacle to allow passage of the
attacking ground force.  (JP 3-15)
refraction - The process by which the direction of a wave is changed when moving into
shallow water at an angle to the bathymetric contours.  (JP 4-01.6)
regimental landing team - A task organization for landing composed of an infantry
regiment reinforced by those elements that are required for initiation of its combat
function ashore.  Also called **RLT.**  (JP 3-02)
regional air defense commander - Commander, subordinate to the area air defense
commander, who is responsible for air and missile defenses in the assigned region and exercises authorities as delegated by the area air defense commander.  Also called RADC.  (JP 3-01)
regional response coordination center - A standing facility that is activated to coordinate
regional response efforts until a joint field office is established and/or the principal
federal official or coordinating officer can assume their National Response Framework
coordination responsibilities.  Also called **RRCC.**  (JP 3-28)
regional security officer - A security officer responsible to the chief of mission
(ambassador) for security functions of all United States embassies and consulates in a
given country or group of adjacent countries.  Also called **RSO.**  (JP 3-10)
rehabilitative care - Therapy that provides evaluations and treatment programs using
exercises, massage, or electrical therapeutic treatment to restore, reinforce, or enhance motor performance and restores patients to functional health allowing for their return to duty or discharge from the Service.  Also called **restorative care.**  See also patient movement policy; theater.  (JP 4-02)
rehearsal phase - In amphibious operations, the period after embarkation and prior to the
action phase during which the prospective operation is practiced.  See also amphibious operation.  (JP 3-02)
reinforcing obstacles - Those obstacles specifically constructed, emplaced, or detonated
through military effort and designed to strengthen existing terrain to disrupt, fix, turn,
or block enemy movement.  See also **obstacle.**  (JP 3-15)
reintegrate - In personnel recovery, the task of providing medical care and psychological
decompression to allow the conduct of appropriate debriefings to ultimately return recovered personnel back to duty and their family.  (JP 3-50)
release altitude - Altitude of an aircraft above the ground at the time of ordnance release.
(JP 3-09.3)
relief in place - An operation in which, by direction of higher authority, all or part of a unit
is replaced in an area by the incoming unit and the responsibilities of the replaced
elements for the mission and the assigned zone of operations are transferred to the incoming unit.  (JP 3-07.3)

religious advisement - The practice of informing the commander on the impact of religion
on operations, to include, but not limited to, worship, rituals, customs, and practices of United States military personnel, international forces, and the indigenous population, as
well as the impact of military operations on the religious and humanitarian dynamics in the operational area.  (JP 3-0)
religious affairs - The combination of religious support and religious advisement.
(JP 3-0)
religious discrimination - The unlawful limits on religious expression; punishment for
religious beliefs or lack of belief; or the compulsion to express opinions or beliefs
contrary to religious beliefs of established religions.  (JP 3-0)
religious support - Chaplain-facilitated free exercise of religion through worship, religious
and pastoral counseling services, ceremonial honors for the fallen, crisis intervention, and advice to the commander on ethical and moral issues and morale.  Also called RS. (JP 3-0)
religious support team - A team comprising at least one chaplain and one enlisted
religious affairs person.  Also called **RST.**  (JP 3-0)
remain-behind equipment - Unit equipment left by deploying forces at their bases when
they deploy.  (JP 4-05)
render safe procedures - The portion of the explosive ordnance disposal procedures
involving the application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to
provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components of unexploded explosive ordnance to prevent an unacceptable detonation.  (JP 3-42)
rendezvous area - In an amphibious operation, the area in which the landing craft and
amphibious vehicles rendezvous to form waves after being loaded and prior to movement to the line of departure.  (JP 3-02)
repair cycle - The stages through which a repairable item passes from the time of its
removal or replacement until it is reinstalled or placed in stock in a serviceable condition.  (JP 4-09)
repatriation - 1. The procedure whereby American citizens and their families are officially
processed back into the United States subsequent to an evacuation.  See also **evacuation.**
(JP 3-68)  2. The release and return of enemy prisoners of war to their own country in accordance with the 1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of
War.  (JP 1-0)
replacement in kind - The provision of material and services for a logistic exchange of
materials and services of equal value between the governments of eligible countries. Also called **RIK.**  (JP 3-80)
reportable incident - Any suspected or alleged violation of Department of Defense policy
or of other related orders, policies, procedures or applicable law, for which there is credible information.  (JP 3-63)
request for assistance - A request based on mission requirements and expressed in terms
of desired outcome formally asking the Department of Defense to provide assistance within the United States or United States territories to a local, state, tribal, or other federal agency.  Also called **RFA.**  (JP 3-28)
request for information - 1. Any specific time-sensitive ad hoc requirement for
intelligence information or products to support an ongoing crisis or operation not
necessarily related to standing requirements or scheduled intelligence production.  2. A
term used by the National Security Agency/Central Security Service to state ad hoc signals intelligence requirements.  Also called **RFI.**  See also **intelligence.**  (JP 2-0)
requirements approval - The process of consolidating, validating, approving, and
prioritizing contract support requests.  (JP 4-10)
requirements development - The process of defining specific contract support
requirements and capturing these requirements in procurement-ready contract support requirements packages.  (JP 4-10)
requirements management - All activities necessary to develop and approve contract
support requirements, along with the associated post-contract award oversight functions, in support of combatant commander-directed operations.  (JP 4-10)
requiring activity - A military or other designated supported organization that identifies
the need for contracted support during military operations.  See also **supported unit.** (JP 4-10)
rescue combat air patrol - An aircraft patrol provided over that portion of an objective
area in which recovery operations are being conducted for the purpose of intercepting and destroying hostile aircraft.  Also called **RESCAP.**  See also **combat air patrol.**
(JP 3-50)
rescue coordination center - A unit, recognized by International Civil Aviation
Organization, International Maritime Organization, or other cognizant international body, responsible for promoting efficient organization of search and rescue services and coordinating the conduct of search and rescue operations within a search and rescue
region.  Also called **RCC.**  (JP 3-50)
reserve - 1. Portion of a body of troops that is kept to the rear or withheld from action at
the beginning of an engagement to be available for a decisive movement.  2. Members of the uniformed Services who are not in active service but who are subject to call to
active duty.  3. Portion of an appropriation or contract authorization held or set aside for future operations or contingencies and, in respect to which, administrative authorization to incur commitments or obligations has been withheld.  (JP 4-05)

Reserve Component - The Armed Forces of the United States Reserve Component
consists of the Army National Guard of the United States, the Army Reserve, the Navy
Reserve, the Marine Corps Reserve, the Air National Guard of the United States, the Air Force Reserve, and the Coast Guard Reserve.  Also called RC.  See also
component; reserve.  (JP 4-05)
reserved obstacles - Those demolition obstacles that are deemed critical to the plan for
which the authority to detonate is reserved by the designating commander.  See also
obstacle.  (JP 3-15)
reset - A set of actions to restore equipment to a desired level of combat capability
commensurate with a unit's future mission.  (JP 4-0)
resettled person - A refugee or an internally displaced person wishing to return somewhere
other than his or her previous home or land within the country or area of original displacement.  (JP 3-29)
residual forces - Undeployed United States forces that have an immediate combat potential
for continued military operations and that have been deliberately withheld from
utilization.  (JP 4-09)
residual radiation - Nuclear radiation caused by fallout, artificial dispersion of radioactive
material, or irradiation that results from a nuclear explosion and persists longer than one minute after burst.  See also **contamination; prompt radiation.**  (JP 3-11)
resistance movement - An organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a
country to resist the legally established government or an occupying power and to
disrupt civil order and stability.  (JP 3-05)
resource management - A financial management function that provides advice and
guidance to the commander to develop command resource requirements.  Also called
RM.  See also **financial management.**  (JP 3-80)
resources - The forces, materiel, and other assets or capabilities apportioned or allocated
to the commander of a unified or specified command.  (JP 1)
restraint - In the context of planning, a requirement placed on the command by a higher
command that prohibits an action, thus restricting freedom of action.  See also constraint; limitation.  (JP 5-0)
restricted area - 1. An area (land, sea, or air) in which there are special restrictive measures
employed to prevent or minimize interference between friendly forces.  2. An area under
military jurisdiction in which special security measures are employed to prevent unauthorized entry.  See also **restricted areas (air).**  (JP 3-34)
restricted areas (air) - Designated areas established by appropriate authority over which
flight of aircraft is restricted.  See also **restricted area.**  (JP 3-52)
restricted operations zone - Airspace reserved for specific activities in which the
operations of one or more airspace users is restricted.  Also called **ROZ.**  (JP 3-52)
restricted reporting - Reporting option that allows sexual assault victims to confidentially
disclose the assault to specified individuals and receive medical treatment and counseling without triggering an official investigation.  (JP 1-0)
restricted target - A valid target that has specific restrictions placed on the actions
authorized against it due to operational considerations.  See also **target.**  (JP 3-60)
restricted target list - A list of restricted targets nominated by elements of the joint force
and approved by the joint force commander or directed by higher authorities.  Also called **RTL.**  See also **restricted target; target.**  (JP 3-60)
restrictive fire area - A location in which specific restrictions are imposed and into which
fires that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the
establishing headquarters.  Also called **RFA.**  See also **fires.**  (JP 3-09)
restrictive fire line - A specific boundary established between converging, friendly surface
forces that prohibits fires or their effects from crossing.  Also called **RFL.**  See also **fires.**
(JP 3-09)
resupply - The act of replenishing stocks to maintain required levels of supply.  (JP 4-09)
resuscitative care - Advanced emergency medical treatment required to prevent
immediate loss of life or limb and to attain stabilization to ensure the patient could
tolerate evacuation.  (JP 4-02)
retained personnel - Detainees who fall into one of the following categories: a. Designated
enemy medical personnel and medical staff administrators who are exclusively engaged
in either the search for, collection, transport, or treatment of the wounded or sick, or the
prevention of disease; b. Staff of National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and that of other volunteer aid societies, duly recognized and authorized by their governments to assist medical service personnel of their own armed forces, provided they are exclusively engaged in the search for, or the collection, transport or treatment of wounded or sick, or in the prevention of disease, and provided that the staff of such societies are subject to military laws and regulations; c. Chaplains attached to enemy
armed forces.  Also called RP.  See also **personnel.**  (JP 3-63)
Retired Reserve - All reserve members who receive retirement pay on the basis of their
active duty and/or reserve service; those members who are otherwise eligible for
retirement pay but have not reached age 60 and who have not elected discharge and are
not voluntary members of the Ready Reserve or Standby Reserve.  See also active duty;
Ready Reserve; Standby Reserve.  (JP 4-05)
retrograde - The process for the movement of non-unit equipment and materiel from a
forward location to a reset (replenishment, repair, or recapitalization) program or to
another directed area of operations to replenish unit stocks, or to satisfy stock requirements.  (JP 4-09)
returnee - A displaced person who has returned voluntarily to his or her former place of
residence.  (JP 3-29)
return to base - An order to proceed to the point indicated by the displayed information or
by verbal communication.  Also called **RTB.**  (JP 3-01)
revolving fund account - An account authorized by specific provisions of law to finance
a continuing cycle of business-type operations, and which are authorized to incur obligations and expenditures that generate receipts.  (JP 3-80)
riot control agent - Any chemical, not listed in a schedule of the Convention on the
Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction that can produce rapidly in humans sensory irritation or disabling physical effects that disappear within a short time following termination of exposure.  Also called **RCA.**  See also **chemical warfare.**  (JP 3-11)
rising mine - In naval mine warfare, a mine having positive buoyancy, which is released
from a sinker by a ship influence or by a timing device.  (JP 3-15)
risk assessment - The identification and assessment of hazards (first two steps of risk
management process).  (JP 3-26)
risk management - The process to identify, assess, and control risks and make decisions
that balance risk cost with mission benefits.  Also called RM.  (JP 3-0)
riverine operations - Operations conducted by forces organized to cope with the unique
characteristics of a riverine area and/or to achieve or maintain control of the riverine area.  (JP 3-32)
role specialist nation - A nation that has agreed to assume responsibility for providing a
particular class of supply or service for all or part of the multinational force.  Also called RSN.  See also **lead nation; multinational force.**  (JP 3-16)
roles of medical care - The characterization of health support for the distribution of
medical resources and capabilities.  a. **Role 1.**  Provides medical treatment, initial trauma
care, and forward resuscitation, not including surgical care.  Also known as unit-level medical care.  b. **Role 2.**  Provides medical treatment, advanced trauma management, emergency surgery, and resuscitative care.  c. **Role 3.**  Provides emergency and specialty
surgery, intensive care, medical specialty care, and extended holding capacity and
capability augmented by robust ancillary support.  d. **Role 4.**  Provides the full range of
preventive, acute, restorative, curative, rehabilitative, and convalescent care found in United States base hospitals and robust overseas facilities.  (JP 4-02)
roll-on/roll-off discharge facility - A platform made up of causeway sections that provide
a means of embarking and disembarking vehicles from a roll-on and roll-off ship at sea to lighterage.  Also called **RRDF.**  See also **facility; lighterage.**  (JP 4-01.6)
rough terrain container handler - A piece of materials handling equipment used to pick
up and move containers.  Also called **RTCH.**  (JP 4-01.6)
rules of engagement - Directives issued by competent military authority that delineate the
circumstances and limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/or continue combat engagement with other forces encountered.  Also called **ROE.**  See
also **law of war.**  (JP 3-84)
ruse - In military deception, an action designed to deceive the adversary, usually involving
the deliberate exposure of false information to the adversary's intelligence collection system.  (JP 3-13.4)
safe haven - 1. Designated area(s) to which noncombatant evacuees of the United States
Government's responsibility and commercial vehicles and materiel may be evacuated
during a domestic or other valid emergency.  (JP 3-68)  2. A protected body of water or the well deck of an amphibious ship used by small craft operating offshore for refuge from storms or heavy seas.  (JP 4-01.6)
safing - As applied to weapons and ammunition, the changing from a state of readiness for
initiation to a safe condition.  Also called **de-arming.**  (JP 3-09.3)
salvage - 1. Property that has some value in excess of its basic material content but is in
such condition that it has no reasonable prospect of use for any purpose as a unit and its repair or rehabilitation for use as a unit is clearly impractical.  2. The saving or rescuing
of condemned, discarded, or abandoned property, and of materials contained therein, for reuse, refabrication, or scrapping.  (JP 4-0)
sanction enforcement - Operations that employ coercive measures to control the
movement of certain types of designated items into or out of a nation or specified area.
(JP 3-0)
scheduled target - Planned target upon which fires or other actions are scheduled for
prosecution at a specified time.  See also **planned target; target.**  (JP 3-60)
schedule of fire - Groups or series of fires that are fired in a definite sequence according
to a definite program.  (JP 3-09)
scheme of fires - The detailed, logical sequence of targets and fire support events to find
and engage targets to support the commander's objectives.  (JP 3-09)
scheme of maneuver - The central expression of the commander's concept for operations
that governs the development of supporting plans or annexes of how arrayed forces will accomplish the mission.  (JP 5-0)
scientific and technical intelligence - The product resulting from the collection,
evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign scientific and technical information
that covers:  a. foreign developments in basic and applied research and in applied engineering techniques; and b. scientific and technical characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of all foreign military systems, weapons, weapon systems, and materiel; the research and development related thereto; and the production methods employed for their manufacture.  Also called **S&TI.**  See also **intelligence; technical intelligence.**
(JP 2-01)
screening - In intelligence, the evaluation of an individual or a group of individuals to
determine their potential to answer collection requirements or to identify individuals
who match a predetermined source profile coupled with the process of identifying and
assessing the areas of knowledge, cooperation, and possible approach techniques for an
individual who has information of intelligence value.  (JP 2-01.2)
sea areas - Areas in the amphibious objective area designated for the stationing of
amphibious task force ships.  See also amphibious objective area; fire support area; inner transport area; sea echelon area.  (JP 3-02)
seabasing - The deployment, assembly, command, projection, reconstitution, sustainment,
and re-employment of joint power from the sea without reliance on land bases within the operational area.  See also **amphibious operation.**  (JP 3-02)
sea control operations - The employment of forces to destroy enemy naval forces,
suppress enemy sea commerce, protect vital sea lanes, and establish local military superiority in vital sea areas.  See also **land control operations.**  (JP 3-32)
sea echelon - A portion of the amphibious warfare ships or other ships that withdraws from
or remains out of the transport area during an amphibious landing and operates in designated areas to seaward in an on-call or unscheduled status.  (JP 3-02)
sea echelon area - In amphibious operations, an area to seaward of a transport area from
which ships are phased into the transport area and to which ships withdraw from the transport area.  (JP 3-02)
sea echelon plan - In amphibious operations, the distribution plan for amphibious shipping
in the transport area to minimize losses due to enemy attack and to reduce the area to be swept of mines.  See also **amphibious operation.**  (JP 3-02)
SEAL delivery vehicle team - United States Navy forces organized, trained, and equipped
to conduct special operations with SEAL delivery vehicles, dry deck shelters, and other submersibles.  (JP 3-05)
sealift enhancement features - Special equipment and modifications that adapt merchanttype dry cargo ships and tankers to specific military missions.  Also called **SEFs.**  See
also **Military Sealift Command; Ready Reserve.**  (JP 3-36)
SEAL team - United States Navy forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct
special operations with an emphasis on maritime, coastal, and riverine environments.
(JP 3-05)
search - A systematic reconnaissance of a defined area, so that all parts of the area have
passed within visibility.  (JP 3-50)
search and rescue - The use of aircraft, surface craft, submarines, and specialized rescue
teams and equipment to search for and rescue distressed persons on land or at sea in a permissive environment.  Also called **SAR.**  See also combat search and rescue;
isolated personnel; joint personnel recovery center; personnel recovery
coordination cell.  (JP 3-50)
search and rescue numerical encryption grid - A predesignated ten-letter word without
repeated letters used exclusively by recovery forces or isolated personnel to encrypt
numerical data such as position, time, and/or headings in a covert manner.  (JP 3-50)
search and rescue point - A predesignated specific location, relative to which isolated
personnel provide their position to recovery forces.  Also called **SARDOT.**  (JP 3-50)
search and rescue region - An area of defined dimensions, recognized by the International
Civil Aviation Organization, International Maritime Organization, or other cognizant international body, and associated with a rescue coordination center within which search
and rescue services are provided.  (JP 3-50)
sea state - A scale that categorizes the force of progressively higher seas by wave height.
(JP 4-01.6)
secondary loads - Unit equipment, supplies, and major end items that are transported in
the beds of organic vehicles.  (JP 3-02)
section - A subdivision of an office, installation, territory, works, or organization;
especially a major subdivision of a staff.  (JP 3-33)
sector air defense commander - Commander, subordinate to an area/regional air defense
commander, who is responsible for air and missile defenses in the assigned sector, and exercises authorities delegated by the area/regional air defense commander.  Also called SADC.  (JP 3-01)
security - 1. Measures taken by a military unit, activity, or installation to protect itself
against all acts designed to, or which may, impair its effectiveness.  (JP 3-10)  2. A condition that results from the establishment and maintenance of protective measures
that ensure a state of inviolability from hostile acts or influences.  (JP 3-10)  3. With respect to classified matter, the condition that prevents unauthorized persons from having access to official information that is safeguarded in the interests of national security.  See also **national security.**  (JP 2-0)
security assistance - Group of programs authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961,
as amended; the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended; or other related statutes
by which the United States provides defense articles, military training, and other defense-related services by grant, lease, loan, credit, or cash sales in furtherance of
national policies and objectives, and those that are funded and authorized through the
Department of State to be administered by Department of Defense/Defense Security Cooperation Agency are considered part of security cooperation.  Also called SA.  See
also **security cooperation.**  (JP 3-20)
security clearance - An administrative determination by competent authority that an
individual is eligible for access to classified information.  (JP 1-0)
security cooperation - All Department of Defense interactions with foreign security
establishments to build security relationships that promote specific United States
security interests, develop allied and partner nation military and security capabilities for
self-defense and multinational operations, and provide United States forces with peacetime and contingency access to allied and partner nations.  Also called SC.  See also **security assistance.**  (JP 3-20)
security cooperation organization - A Department of Defense element that is part of the
United States diplomatic mission located in a foreign country to carry out security
assistance and cooperation management functions under the supervision and coordination authority of the senior defense official/defense attache.  Also called **SCO.** (JP 3-20)
security force assistance - The Department of Defense activities that support the
development of the capacity and capability of foreign security forces and their supporting institutions.  Also called **SFA.**  (JP 3-20)
security forces - Duly constituted military, paramilitary, police, and constabulary forces
of a state.  (JP 3-22)
security review - The process of reviewing information and products prior to public release
to ensure the material will not jeopardize ongoing or future operations.  See also
security.  (JP 3-61)
security sector reform - A comprehensive set of programs and activities undertaken by a
host nation to improve the way it provides safety, security, and justice.  Also called **SSR.**
(JP 3-07)
security service - Entity or component of a foreign government charged with responsibility
for counterespionage or internal security functions.  (JP 2-01.2)
segregation - In detainee operations, the removal of a detainee from other detainees and
their environment for legitimate purposes unrelated to interrogation, such as when
necessary for the movement, health, safety, and/or security of the detainee, the detention facility, or its personnel.  (JP 3-63)
seize - To employ combat forces to occupy physically and to control a designated area.
(JP 3-18)
seizures - In counterdrug operations, includes drugs and conveyances seized by law
enforcement authorities and drug-related assets confiscated based on evidence that they
have been derived from or used in illicit narcotics activities.  See also counterdrug operations; law enforcement agency.  (JP 3-07.4)
Selected Reserve - Those units and individuals within the Ready Reserve designated by
their respective Services and approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff as so essential to initial wartime missions that they have priority over all other reserves.  See also Ready
Reserve.  (JP 4-05)
selective identification feature - A capability that, when added to the basic identification
friend or foe system, provides the means to transmit, receive, and display selected coded replies.  (JP 3-52)
selective loading - The arrangement and stowage of equipment and supplies aboard ship
in a manner designed to facilitate issues to units.  (JP 3-02)
selective off-loading - The capability to access and off-load vehicles, supplies, and
equipment without having to conduct a major reconfiguration or total off-load, which is influenced by the number and types of ships allocated and the space made available for the embarkation of the landing force.  (JP 3-02)
selective unloading - In an amphibious operation, the controlled unloading from
amphibious warfare ships, and movement ashore, of specific items of cargo at the request of the landing force commander.  (JP 3-02)
semipermanent contingency location - A contingency location that provides support for
a prolonged contingency operation and characterized by enhanced infrastructure and support services consistent with sustained operations.  (JP 4-04)
senior airfield authority An individual designated by the joint force commander
responsible for the control, operation, and maintenance of an airfield, to include the
runways, associated taxiways, parking ramps, land, and facilities whose proximity
directly affects airfield operations.  Also called **SAA.**  (JP 3-36)
senior contracting official - The staff official designated by a Service head of a contracting
activity to execute theater support contracting authority for a specific command and/or operational area.  Also called **SCO.**  (JP 4-10)
senior meteorological and oceanographic officer - Meteorological and oceanographic
officer responsible for assisting the combatant commander and staff in developing and
executing operational meteorological and oceanographic service concepts in support of a designated joint force.  Also called **SMO.**  See also **meteorological and oceanographic.**
(JP 3-59)
sensitive - An agency, installation, person, position, document, material, or activity
requiring special protection from disclosure that could cause embarrassment, compromise, or threat to the security of the sponsoring power.  (JP 2-01)
sensitive compartmented information - All information and materials bearing special
community controls indicating restricted handling within present and future community
intelligence collection programs and their end products for which community systems
of compartmentation have been or will be formally established.  Also called **SCI.** (JP 2-01)
sensitive compartmented information facility - An accredited area, room, group of
rooms, or installation where sensitive compartmented information may be stored, used, discussed, and/or electronically processed, where procedural and physical measures
prevent the free access of persons unless they have been formally indoctrinated for the particular sensitive compartmented information authorized for use or storage within the sensitive compartmented information facility.  Also called **SCIF.**  See also sensitive compartmented information.  (JP 2-01)
sensitive site A geographically limited area that contains, but is not limited to, adversary
information systems, war crimes sites, critical government facilities, and areas suspected of containing high-value targets.  (JP 3-31)
sequel - The subsequent operation or phase based on the possible outcomes of the current
operation or phase.  See also **branch.**  (JP 5-0)
serial - 1. An element or a group of elements within a series that is given a numerical or
alphabetical designation for convenience in planning, scheduling, and control.  2. A group of people, vehicles, equipment, or supplies used in airborne, air assault, amphibious operations, and convoys.  (JP 3-02)
serial assignment table - A table that is used in amphibious operations and shows the serial
number, the title of the unit, and the approximate number of personnel; the material,
vehicles, or equipment in the serial; the number and type of landing craft and/or amphibious vehicles required to boat the serial; and the ship on which the serial is
embarked.  (JP 3-02)
Service-common - Equipment, material, supplies, and services including base operating
support adopted by a Service to support its own forces and those assigned to the
combatant commands.  See also **special operations-peculiar.**  (JP 3-05)
Service component command - A command consisting of the Service component
commander and all those Service forces, such as individuals, units, detachments, organizations, and installations under that command, including the support forces that have been assigned to a combatant command or further assigned to a subordinate unified command or joint task force.  See also **component; functional component command.** (JP 1)
Service-organic transportation asset - Transportation asset that is assigned to a Military
Department.  (JP 4-01)
Service-unique container - Any 20- or 40-foot International Organization for
Standardization container procured or leased by a Service to meet Service-unique
requirements.  See also **component-owned container.**  (JP 4-09)
sexual assault forensic examination kit - The medical and forensic examination kit used
to ensure controlled procedures and safekeeping of any bodily specimens in a sexual
assault case.  Also called **SAFE kit.**  (JP 1-0)
Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program - A Department of Defense program
for the Military Departments and Department of Defense components that establishes sexual assault prevention and response policies to be implemented worldwide.  Also
called **SAPR Program.**  (JP 1-0)
sexual assault response coordinator - The single point of contact at an installation or
within a geographic area who overseas sexual assault awareness, prevention, and response.  Also called **SARC.**  (JP 1-0)
shelter - An International Organization for Standardization container outfitted with live- or
work-in capability.  (JP 4-09)
shielding - 1. Material of suitable thickness and physical characteristics used to protect
personnel from radiation during the manufacture, handling, and transportation of
fissionable and radioactive materials.  2. Obstructions that tend to protect personnel or
materials from the effects of a nuclear explosion.  (JP 3-11)
ship-to-shore movement - That portion of the action phase of an amphibious operation
that includes the deployment of the landing force from ships to designated landing areas. (JP 3-02)
shoot-look-shoot - A firing doctrine in which the result of the first intercept attempt is
assessed prior to the launch of a subsequent interceptor.  Also called **SLS.**  (JP 3-01)
shore fire control party - A specially trained unit that controls naval gunfire in support of
troops ashore.  Also called **SFCP.**  (JP 3-09)
shore party - A task organization of the landing force, formed for the purpose of
facilitating the landing and movement off the beaches of troops, equipment, and supplies; for the evacuation from the beaches of casualties and enemy prisoners of war;
and for facilitating the beaching, retraction, and salvaging of landing ships and craft. Also called **beach group.**  See also beachmaster unit; beach party; naval beach
group.  (JP 3-02)
shortfall - The lack of forces, equipment, personnel, materiel, or capability, reflected as
the difference between the resources identified as a plan requirement and those
quantities identified as apportioned for planning that would adversely affect the
command's ability to accomplish its mission.  (JP 5-0)
short-range air defense engagement zone - In air and missile defense, that airspace of
defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats normally rests with short-range air defense weapons, and may be established within a low- or high-altitude missile engagement zone.  Also called SHORADEZ. (JP 3-01)
short-range ballistic missile - A ballistic missile with a range capability between 300-600
nautical miles.  Also called **SRBM.**  (JP 3-01)
show of force - An operation planned to demonstrate United States resolve that involves
increased visibility of United States deployed forces in an attempt to defuse a specific
situation that, if allowed to continue, may be detrimental to United States interests or
national objectives.  (JP 3-0)
signal operating instructions - A series of orders issued for technical control and
coordination of the signal communication activities of a command.  Also called **SOI.**
(JP 6-0)
signals intelligence - 1. A category of intelligence comprising either individually or in
combination all communications intelligence, electronic intelligence, and foreign instrumentation signals intelligence, however transmitted.  2. Intelligence derived from
communications, electronic, and foreign instrumentation signals.  Also called **SIGINT.**
See
also
communications
intelligence;
electronic
intelligence;
foreign
instrumentation signals intelligence; intelligence.  (JP 2-0)
signals intelligence operational tasking authority - A military commander's authority to
operationally direct and levy signals intelligence requirements on designated signals intelligence resources; includes authority to deploy and redeploy all or part of the signals intelligence resources for which signals intelligence operational tasking authority has been delegated.  Also called **SOTA.**  (JP 2-01)
significant wave height - The average height of the third of waves observed during a given
period of time.  See also **surf zone.**  (JP 4-01.6)
simultaneous engagement - The concurrent engagement of hostile targets by combination
of interceptor aircraft and surface-to-air missiles.  (JP 3-01)
single-anchor leg mooring - A mooring facility dedicated to the offshore petroleum
discharge system, which permits a tanker to remain on station and pump in much higher sea states than is possible with a spread moor.  Also called **SALM.**  See also offshore
petroleum discharge system.  (JP 4-01.6)
single manager A Military Department or agency designated by the Secretary of Defense
to manage specified commodities or common service activities on a Department of Defense-wide basis.  (JP 4-01)
single port manager - The transportation component, designated by the Department of
Defense through the United States Transportation Command, responsible for management of all common-user aerial and seaports worldwide.  Also called **SPM.**  See
also **transportation component command.**  (JP 4-01.5)
single-service manager - A Service component commander who is assigned the
responsibility and delegated the authority to coordinate and/or perform specified personnel support or personnel service support functions in the theater of operations.
See also **component.**  (JP 1-0)
site exploitation - A series of activities to recognize, collect, process, preserve, and analyze
information, personnel, and/or materiel found during the conduct of operations.  Also
called SE.  (JP 3-31)
situation report - A report giving the situation in the area of a reporting unit or formation.
Also called **SITREP.**  (JP 3-50)
situation template - A depiction of assumed adversary dispositions, based on that
adversary's preferred method of operations and the impact of the operational
environment if the adversary should adopt a particular course of action.  See also adversary template; course of action.  (JP 2-01.3)

sociocultural analysis - The analysis of adversaries and other relevant actors that integrates
concepts, knowledge, and understanding of societies, populations, and other groups of people, including their activities, relationships, and perspectives across time and space
at varying scales.  Also called **SCA.**  (JP 2-0)
sociocultural factors - The social, cultural, and behavioral factors characterizing the
relationships and activities of the population of a specific region or operational
environment.  (JP 2-01.3)
solatium - Monetary compensation given in areas where it is culturally appropriate to
alleviate grief, suffering, and anxiety resulting from injuries, death, and property loss
with a monetary payment.  (JP 3-80)
sortie - In air operations, an operational flight by one aircraft.  (JP 3-30) sortie allotment message - The means by which the joint force commander allots excess
sorties to meet requirements of subordinate commanders that are expressed in their air
employment and/or allocation plan.  Also called **SORTIEALOT.**  (JP 3-30)
source - 1. A person, thing, or activity from which information is obtained.  2. In
clandestine activities, a person (agent), normally a foreign national, in the employ of an intelligence activity for intelligence purposes.  3. In interrogation activities, any person who furnishes information, either with or without the knowledge that the information is
being used for intelligence purposes.  See also **agent; collection agency.**  (JP 2-01)
source management - The process to register and monitor the use of sources involved in
counterintelligence and human intelligence operations to protect the security of the
operations and avoid conflicts among operational elements.  (JP 2-01.2)
source registry - A source record or catalogue of leads and sources acquired by collectors
and centralized for management, coordination, and deconfliction of source operations. (JP 2-01.2)
source zone - In counterdrug operations, an identified geographic area for growing and/or
the primary processing of the agricultural/synthetic components for illicit drugs, and where the trafficking process begins.  (JP 3-07.4)
space asset - Equipment that is an individual part of a space system, which is or can be
placed in space or directly supports space activity terrestrially.  (JP 3-14)
space assignment - An assignment to the individual Military Departments/Services by the
appropriate transportation operating agency of movement capability, which completely or partially satisfies the stated requirements of the Military Departments/Services for
the operating month and that has been accepted by them without the necessity for referral to the Joint Transportation Board for allocation.  (JP 4-01)
space capability - 1. The ability of a space asset to accomplish a mission.  2. The ability
of a terrestrial-based asset to accomplish a mission in or through space.  3. The ability of a space asset to contribute to a mission from seabed to the space domain.  See also
space asset.  (JP 3-14)
space control - Operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the United States and
its allies and deny a threat freedom of action in space. See also combat service support; combat support; negation.  (JP 3-14)
space coordinating authority - The responsibility to plan, integrate, and coordinate space
operations.  Also called **SCA.**  (JP 3-14)
space domain - The area surrounding Earth at altitudes of greater than or equal to 100
kilometers above mean sea level.  (JP 3-14)
space environment - The environment corresponding to the space domain, where
electromagnetic radiation, charged particles, and electric and magnetic fields are the
dominant physical influences, and that encompasses the Earth's ionosphere and
magnetosphere, interplanetary space, and the solar atmosphere.  (JP 3-59)
space forces The space and terrestrial systems, equipment, facilities, organizations, and
personnel, or combination thereof, necessary to conduct space operations.  See also national security.  (JP 3-14)
space situational awareness - The requisite foundational, current, and predictive
knowledge and characterization of space objects and the operational environment upon which space operations depend.  Also called **SSA.** (JP 3-14)
space superiority - The degree of control in space of one force over any others that permits
the conduct of its operations at a given time and place without prohibitive interference
from terrestrial or space-based threats.  (JP 3-14)
space weather - The conditions and phenomena in space and specifically in the near-Earth
environment that may affect space assets or space operations.  See also **space asset.**
(JP 3-59)
special access program - A sensitive acquisition, intelligence, or operations and support
program, that imposes need-to-know and access controls beyond those normally
provided for access to classified information.  Also called **SAP.**  (JP 3-05)
special cargo - Cargo that requires special handling or protection, such as pyrotechnics,
detonators, watches, and precision instruments.  (JP 4-01.5)
special forces - United States Army forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct
special operations with an emphasis on unconventional warfare capabilities.  Also called SF.  (JP 3-05)
special forces group - The largest Army combat element for special operations consisting
of command and control, special forces battalions, and a support battalion capable of
long-duration missions.  Also called **SFG.**  (JP 3-05)
specialization - An arrangement within an alliance wherein a member or group of members
most suited by virtue of technical skills, location, or other qualifications assume(s)
greater responsibility for a specific task or significant portion thereof for one or more other members.  (JP 3-16)
special mission unit - A generic term to represent an organization composed of operations
and support personnel that is task-organized to perform highly classified activities.  Also
called **SMU.**  (JP 3-05)
special operations - Activities or actions requiring unique modes of employment, tactical
techniques, equipment, and training often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments.  (JP 3-05)
special operations command and control element - A special operations element that is
the focal point for the synchronization of special operations forces activities with conventional forces activities.  Also called **SOCCE.**  See also command and control;
joint force special operations component commander; special operations; special
operations forces.  (JP 3-05)
special operations forces - Those Active and Reserve Component forces of the Services
designated by the Secretary of Defense and specifically organized, trained, and
equipped to conduct and support special operations.  Also called **SOF.**  See also Air
Force special operations forces; Army special operations forces; Navy special operations forces.  (JP 3-05)
special operations joint task force - A modular, tailorable, and scalable organization
composed of forces from two or more Military Departments designed to provide command and control of integrated, capable, and enabled joint special operations forces,
normally commanded by a flag or general officer.  Also called **SOJTF.**  (JP 3-05)
special operations liaison element - A team provided by the joint force special operations
component commander to coordinate, deconflict, and synchronize special operations air, surface, and subsurface operations with conventional air operations.  Also called SOLE.  See also joint force air component commander; joint force special operations component commander; special operations.  (JP 3-05)
special operations-peculiar - Equipment, material, supplies, and services required for
special operations missions for which there is no Service-common requirement.  See also **Service-common; special operations.**  (JP 3-05)
special operations task force - A scalable unit, normally of battalion size, in charge of the
special operations element, organized around the nucleus of special operations forces and support elements.  Also called **SOTF.**  (JP 3-05)
special operations weather team - A task-organized team of Air Force special-tactics
personnel, organized, trained, and equipped to collect critical environmental information from data-sparse areas.  Also called **SOWT.**  (JP 3-05)
special reconnaissance - Reconnaissance and surveillance actions conducted as a special
operation in hostile, denied, or diplomatically and/or politically sensitive environments to collect or verify information of strategic or operational significance,
employing military capabilities not normally found in conventional forces.  Also called SR.  (JP 3-05)
special tactics team - An Air Force task-organized element of special tactics that may
include combat control, pararescue, tactical air control party, and special operations weather personnel.  Also called **STT.**  See also combat search and rescue; special operations; special operations forces; terminal attack control.  (JP 3-05)
specified combatant command - A command, normally composed of forces from a single
Military Department, that has a broad, continuing mission, normally functional, and is established and so designated by the President through the Secretary of Defense with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.  (JP 1)
specified task - In the context of planning, a task that is specifically assigned to an
organization by its higher headquarters.  See also **essential task; implied task.**  (JP 5-0)
split-mission oriented protective posture - The concept of maintaining heightened
protective posture only in those areas (or zones) that are contaminated, allowing personnel in uncontaminated areas to continue to operate in a reduced posture.  Also
called **split-MOPP.**  (JP 3-11)
spoke - The portion of the hub and spoke distribution system that refers to transportation
mode operators responsible for scheduled delivery to a customer of the "hub".  See also distribution; distribution system; hub; **hub and spoke distribution.**  (JP 4-09)
spot - 1. To determine by observation, deviations of ordnance from the target for the
purpose of supplying necessary information for the adjustment of fire.  2. To place in a proper location.  3. An approved shipboard helicopter landing site.  See also **ordnance.**
(JP 3-02)
spot net - Radio communication net used by a spotter in calling fire.  (JP 3-09.3)
spot report - A concise narrative report of essential information covering events or
conditions that may have an immediate and significant effect on current planning and operations that is afforded the most expeditious means of transmission consistent with
requisite security.  Also called **SPOTREP.**  (Note: In reconnaissance and surveillance
usage, spot report is not to be used.)  (JP 3-09.3)
spotter - A trained individual positioned to observe and report results of naval gunfire to
the firing agency and who may also designate targets.  (JP 3-09)
spreader bar - A device specially designed to permit the lifting and handling of containers
or vehicles and breakbulk cargo.  (JP 4-01.6)
squadron - 1. An organization consisting of two or more divisions of ships or two or
more divisions (Navy) or flights of aircraft.  2. The basic administrative aviation unit
of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force.  3. Battalion-sized ground or
aviation units.  (JP 3-32)
stability activities - Various military missions, tasks, and activities conducted outside the
United States in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment and provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief.  (JP 3-0)
stabilized patient - A patient whose airway is secured, hemorrhage is controlled, shock
treated, and fractures are immobilized.  (JP 4-02)
stable patient - A patient for whom no inflight medical intervention is expected but the
potential for medical intervention exists.  (JP 4-02)
staff estimate - A continual evaluation of how factors in a staff section's functional area
support and impact the planning and execution of the mission.  (JP 5-0)
staff judge advocate - A judge advocate so designated in the Army, Air Force, or Marine
Corps, and the principal legal advisor of a Navy, Coast Guard, or joint force command who is a judge advocate.  Also called **SJA.**  (JP 3-84)
staging - Assembling, holding, and organizing arriving personnel, equipment, and
sustaining materiel in preparation for onward movement.  See also **staging area.**
(JP 3-35)
staging area - 1. Airborne - A general locality between the mounting area and the objective
of an airborne expedition through which the expedition, or parts thereof, pass after mounting, for refueling; regrouping; and/or exercise, inspection, and redistribution of
troops. (JP 3-35)  2. Other movements - A general locality established for the concentration of troop units and transient personnel between movements over the lines of communications. (JP 3-35)  3. In amphibious operations, one or more intervening ports for refueling, logistic support, emergency repairs, or final rehearsals.  Also called SA.  See also airborne; **marshalling; staging.** (JP 3-02)
staging base - 1. An advanced naval base for the anchoring, fueling, and refitting of
transports and cargo ships and for replenishment of mobile service squadrons.  (JP 3-36) 2. A landing and takeoff area with minimum servicing, supply, and shelter provided for the temporary occupancy of military aircraft during the course of movement from one location to another.  (JP 3-18)
stakeholder - In public affairs, an individual or group that is directly impacted by military
operations, actions, and/or outcomes, and whose interests positively or negatively motivate them toward action.  (JP 3-61)
standardization - The process by which the Department of Defense achieves the closest
practicable cooperation among the Services and Department of Defense agencies for the most efficient use of research, development, and production resources, and agrees to
adopt on the broadest possible basis the use of:  a. common or compatible operational,
administrative, and logistic procedures; b. common or compatible technical procedures and criteria; c. common, compatible, or interchangeable supplies, components,
weapons, or equipment; and d. common or compatible tactical doctrine with
corresponding organizational compatibility.  (JP 4-02)
standard operating procedure - A set of instructions applicable to those features of
operations that lend themselves to a definite or standardized procedure without loss of effectiveness.  Also called SOP; **standing operating procedure.**  (JP 3-31)
standard use Army aircraft flight route - Route established below the coordination level
to facilitate the movement of Army aviation assets; it is normally located in the corps
through brigade rear areas of operation and does not require approval by the airspace
control authority.  Also called **SAAFR.**  (JP 3-52)
Standby Reserve - Those units and members of the Reserve Component (other than those
in the Ready Reserve or Retired Reserve) who are liable for active duty only, as provided
in Title 10, United States Code, Sections 10151, 12301, and 12306.  See also active
duty; Ready Reserve; Reserve Component; Retired Reserve.  (JP 4-05)
standing rules for the use of force - Preapproved directives to guide United States forces
on the use of force during various operations.  Also called **SRUF.**  (JP 3-28)
stateless person - A person who is not considered as a national by any state under the
operation of its law.  See also **dislocated civilian; displaced person; evacuee.**
(JP 3-29)
station time - In air transport operations, the time at which crews, passengers, and cargo
are to be on board and ready for the flight.  (JP 3-36)
status-of-forces agreement - A bilateral or multilateral agreement that defines the legal
position of a visiting military force deployed in the territory of a friendly state.  Also called **SOFA.**  (JP 3-16)
sterilizer - In mine warfare, a device included in mines to render the mine permanently
inoperative on expiration of a pre-determined time after laying.  (JP 3-15)
stop-loss - Presidential authority under Title 10, United States Code, Section 12305, to
suspend laws relating to promotion, retirement, or separation of any member of the Armed Forces of the United States determined essential to the national security of the United States, to include reservists if serving on active duty under Title 10, United States Code, authorities for Presidential Reserve Call-up, partial mobilization, or full
mobilization.  See also mobilization; partial mobilization; Presidential Reserve
Call-up.  (JP 4-05)
stowage - The placement of cargo into a hold or compartment or on a deck of a ship in such
a way as to prevent damage from load shifts while the ship is underway.  (JP 3-02)
stowage factor - The number that expresses the space, in cubic feet, occupied by a long
ton of any commodity as prepared for shipment, including all crating or packaging.
(JP 3-36)
stowage plan - A completed stowage diagram showing what materiel has been loaded and
its stowage location in each hold, between-deck compartment, or other space in a ship, including deck space.  (JP 4-01.5)
strategic direction - The strategy and intent of the President, Secretary of Defense, and
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in pursuit of national interests.  (JP 5-0)
strategic estimate - The broad range of strategic factors that influence the commander's
understanding of the operational environment and the determination of missions, objectives, and courses of action.  See also **estimate.**  (JP 5-0)
strategic guidance - The written products by which the President, Secretary of Defense,
and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff provide strategic direction. (JP 5-0)
strategic intelligence - Intelligence required for the formation of policy and military plans
at national and international levels.  See also intelligence; operational intelligence; tactical intelligence.  (JP 2-01.2)
strategic level of warfare - The level of warfare at which a nation, often as a member of a
group of nations, determines national or multinational (alliance or coalition) strategic
security objectives and guidance, then develops and uses national resources to achieve
those objectives.  See also **operational level of warfare; tactical level of warfare.**
(JP 3-0)
strategic mobility - The capability to deploy and sustain military forces worldwide in
support of national strategy.  (JP 4-01)
strategic sealift - The afloat pre-positioning and ocean movement of military materiel in
support of United States and multinational forces.  (JP 4-01.5)
strategy - A prudent idea or set of ideas for employing the instruments of national power
in a synchronized and integrated fashion to achieve theater, national, and/or multinational objectives.  (JP 3-0)
strike - An attack to damage or destroy an objective or a capability.  (JP 3-0) strike coordination and reconnaissance - A mission flown for the purpose of detecting
targets and coordinating or performing attack or reconnaissance on those targets.  Also called **SCAR.**  (JP 3-03)
structured observation management - The framework for normalizing how geospatial
intelligence observations from sensors and sources is captured, organized, and shared. Also called **SOM.**  (JP 2-03)
stuffing - Packing of cargo into a container.  See also **unstuffing.**  (JP 4-09)
submarine operating authority - The naval commander exercising operational control of
submarines.  Also called **SUBOPAUTH.**  (JP 3-32)
subordinate campaign plan - A combatant command-prepared plan that satisfies the
requirements under a Department of Defense campaign plan, which, depending upon the circumstances, transitions to a supported or supporting plan in execution.  (JP 5-0)
subordinate command - A command consisting of the commander and all those
individuals, units, detachments, organizations, or installations that have been placed under the command by the authority establishing the subordinate command.  (JP 1)
subordinate unified command - A command established by commanders of unified
commands, when so authorized by the Secretary of Defense through the Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff, to conduct operations on a continuing basis in accordance with the
criteria set forth for unified commands.  See also functional component command;
operational control; subordinate command; unified command.  (JP 1)
subsidiary landing - In an amphibious operation, a landing usually made outside the
designated landing area.  (JP 3-02)
subversion - Actions designed to undermine the military, economic, psychological, or
political strength or morale of a governing authority.  See also unconventional warfare.
(JP 3-24)
supercargo - Personnel that accompany cargo on board a ship for the purpose of
accomplishing en route maintenance and security.  (JP 4-01.5)
supplies - In logistics, all materiel and items used in the equipment, support, and
maintenance of military forces.  See also **component; equipment.**  (JP 4-0)
supply - The procurement, distribution, maintenance while in storage, and salvage of
supplies, including the determination of kind and quantity of supplies.  a. producer
phaseThat phase of military supply that extends from determination of procurement
schedules to acceptance of finished supplies by the Services.  b. **consumer phase**
That phase of military supply that extends from receipt of finished supplies by the
Services through issue for use or consumption.  (JP 4-0)
supply chain - The linked activities associated with providing materiel from a raw materiel
stage to an end user as a finished product.  See also supply; supply chain risk
management.  (JP 4-09)
supply chain risk management - A cross-functional approach to procuring, producing,
and delivering products and services to customers.  Also called **SCRM.**  See also supply; supply chain.  (JP 4-09)
supply support activity - Activities assigned a Department of Defense activity address
code and that have a supply support mission.  Also called **SSA.**  (JP 4-09)
support - The action of a force that aids, protects, complements, or sustains another force
in accordance with a directive requiring such action. 2. A unit that helps another unit in
battle. 3. An element of a command that assists, protects, or supplies other forces in combat.  See also close support; direct support; general support; inter-Service
support; mutual support.  (JP 1)
supported commander - 1. The commander having primary responsibility for all aspects
of a task assigned by Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 3110.01J, (U) 2015 Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP), or other joint planning authority.  2. In the context of joint planning, the commander who prepares operation plans or operation
orders in response to requirements of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.  3. In the context of a support command relationship, the commander who receives assistance
from another commander's force or capabilities, and who is responsible for ensuring that the supporting commander understands the assistance required.  See also support;
supporting commander.  (JP 3-0)
supported unit - As related to contracted support, an organization that is the recipient, but
not necessarily the requester, of contracted support.  See also **requiring activity.**
(JP 4-10)
supporting arms - Weapons and weapons systems of all types employed to support forces
by indirect or direct fire.  (JP 3-02)
supporting arms coordination center - A single location on board an amphibious warfare
ship in which all communication facilities incident to the coordination of fire support of the artillery, air, and naval gunfire are centralized.  Also called **SACC.**  See also fire
support coordination center.  (JP 3-09.3)
supporting commander - 1. A commander who provides augmentation forces or other
support to a supported commander or who develops a supporting plan.  2. In the context of a support command relationship, the commander who aids, protects, complements,
or sustains another commander's force and who is responsible for providing the
assistance required by the supported commander.  See also support; supported commander.  (JP 3-0)
supporting fire - Fire delivered by supporting units to assist or protect a unit in combat.
(JP 3-09)
supporting operations - In amphibious operations, those operations conducted by forces
other than those conducted by the amphibious force.  See also amphibious force; amphibious operation.  (JP 3-02)
supporting plan - An operation plan prepared by a supporting commander, a subordinate
commander, or an agency to satisfy the requests or requirements of the supported commander's plan.  See also **supported commander; supporting commander.** (JP 5-0)
suppression - Temporary or transient degradation by an opposing force of the performance
of a weapons system below the level needed to fulfill its mission objectives.  (JP 3-01)
suppression of enemy air defenses - Activity that neutralizes, destroys, or temporarily
degrades surface-based enemy air defenses by destructive and/or disruptive means.
Also called **SEAD.**  See also **electromagnetic warfare.**  (JP 3-01)
surface action group - A temporary or standing organization of combatant ships, other
than carriers, tailored for a specific tactical mission.  Also called **SAG.**  See **group**;
mission.  (JP 3-32)
surface combatant - A ship designed to engage in attacks against airborne, surface,
subsurface, and shore targets.  (JP 3-32)
surface warfare - That portion of maritime warfare in which operations are conducted to
destroy or neutralize enemy naval surface forces and merchant vessels.  Also called SUW.  (JP 3-32)
surf line - The point offshore where waves and swells are affected by the underwater
surface and become breakers.  (JP 4-01.6)
surf zone - The area of water from the surf line to the beach.  See also **surf line.**
(JP 4-01.6)
surveillance - The systematic observation of aerospace, cyberspace, surface, or subsurface
areas, places, persons, or things by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means.  (JP 3-0)
survivability - All aspects of protecting personnel, weapons, and supplies while
simultaneously deceiving the enemy.  (JP 3-34)
survival, evasion, resistance, and escape - Actions performed by isolated personnel
designed to ensure their health, mobility, safety, and honor in anticipation of or
preparation for their return to friendly control.  Also called **SERE.**  (JP 3-50)
suspect - 1. In counterdrug operations, a track of interest where correlating information
actually ties the track of interest to alleged illicit drug operations.  See also counterdrug
operations; track of interest. 2. An identity applied to a track that is potentially hostile
because of its characteristics, behavior, origin, or nationality.  See also assumed friend;
neutral; unknown.  (JP 3-07.4)
sustainment - The provision of logistics and personnel services required to maintain and
prolong operations until successful mission accomplishment.  (JP 3-0)
sustainment, restoration, and modernization - The fuels asset sustainment program
within Defense Logistics Agency Energy that provides a long-term process to costeffectively sustain, restore, and modernize fuel facilities.  Also called **SRM.**  (JP 4-03)
synchronization - 1. The arrangement of military actions in time, space, and purpose to
produce maximum relative combat power at a decisive place and time.  2. In the
intelligence context, application of intelligence sources and methods in concert with the
operation plan to answer intelligence requirements in time to influence the decisions they support.  (JP 2-0)
synthesis - In intelligence usage, the examining and combining of processed information
with other information and intelligence for final interpretation.  (JP 2-0)
system - A functionally, physically, and/or behaviorally related group of regularly
interacting or interdependent elements; that group of elements forming a unified whole. (JP 3-0)
systems support contract - A prearranged contract awarded by a Military Department and
the United States Special Operations Command program management office that provides fielding, technical, and maintenance support for selected military weapon and other systems.  See also **external support contract; theater support contract.** (JP 4-10)

Intentionally Blank


table of allowance - An equipment allowance document that prescribes basic allowances
of organizational equipment and provides the control to develop, revise, or change equipment authorization inventory data.  Also called **TOA.**  (JP 4-09)
TABOO frequencies - Any friendly frequency of such importance that it must never be
deliberately jammed or interfered with by friendly forces including international distress,  safety, and controller frequencies.  See also electromagnetic warfare.
(JP 3-85)
tactical air control party - A subordinate operational component of a tactical air control
system designed to provide air liaison to land forces and for the control of aircraft.  Also called **TACP.**  (JP 3-09.3)
tactical air coordinator (airborne) - An aircrew member who coordinates, from an
aircraft, the actions of other aircraft engaged in air support of ground or sea forces.  Also called **TAC(A).**  See also **forward observer.**  (JP 3-09.3)
tactical air direction center - An air operations installation, under the overall control of
the Navy tactical air control center or the Marine tactical air command center, from which aircraft and air warning service functions of tactical air operations in support of amphibious operations are directed.  Also called **TADC.**  (JP 3-09.3)
tactical air operations center - The principal air control agency of the United States
Marine Corps air command and control system responsible for airspace control and management.  Also called **TAOC.**  (JP 3-09.3)
tactical assembly area - An area that is generally out of the reach of light artillery and the
location where units make final preparations (pre-combat checks and inspections) and
rest, prior to moving to the line of departure.  See also **line of departure.**  (JP 3-35)
tactical combat casualty care - A set of trauma management guidelines focused on the
most common causes of preventable deaths resulting from hostile action or terrorist activity.  Also called **TCCC.**  (JP 4-02)
tactical combat force - A rapidly deployable, air-ground, mobile combat unit with
appropriate combat support and combat service support assets assigned to, and capable of, defeating Level III threats, including combined arms.  Also called **TCF.**  (JP 3-10)
tactical control - The authority over forces that is limited to the detailed direction and
control of movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish missions  or  tasks  assigned.  Also called **TACON.**  See also combatant command; combatant command (command authority); operational control.  (JP 1)
tactical data link - A Joint Staff-approved, standardized communication link used for
the transmission of digital information via a single or multiple network architecture
and multiple communication media for exchange of tactical information.  Also called TDL.  (JP 6-0)

tactical exploitation of national capabilities - Congressionally mandated program to
improve the combat effectiveness of the Services through more effective military use of national programs.  Also called **TENCAP.**  (JP 2-01)
tactical intelligence - Intelligence required for the planning and conduct of tactical
operations.  See also **intelligence.**  (JP 2-01.2)
tactical level of warfare - The level of warfare at which battles and engagements are
planned and executed to achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task
forces.  See also **operational level of warfare; strategic level of warfare.**  (JP 3-0)
tactical-logistical  group - Representatives designated by troop commanders to assist
Navy control officers aboard control ships in the ship-to-shore movement of troops,
equipment, and supplies.  Also called **TACLOG group**.  (JP 3-02)
tactical minefield - A minefield that is employed to directly attack enemy maneuver as
part of a formation obstacle plan and is laid to delay, channel, or break up an enemy advance, giving the defending element a positional advantage over the attacker. (JP 3-15)
tactical obstacle - An obstacle employed to disrupt enemy formations, to turn them into a
desired area, to fix them in position under direct and indirect fires, or to block enemy
penetrations.  (JP 3-15)
tactical questioning - The field-expedient initial questioning for information of immediate
tactical value of a captured or detained person at or near the point of capture and before
the individual is placed in a detention facility.  Also called TQ.  (JP 3-63)
tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel - A Marine Corps mission performed by an
assigned and briefed aircrew for the specific purpose of the recovery of personnel, equipment, and/or aircraft when the tactical situation precludes search and rescue assets from responding and when survivors and their location have been confirmed.  Also
called **TRAP.**  (JP 3-50)
tactical reserve - A part of a force held under the control of the commander as a
maneuvering force to influence future action.  (JP 3-02)
tactics - The employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other.  See
also **procedures; techniques.**  (CJCSM 5120.01)
target - An entity or object that performs a function for the threat considered for possible
engagement or other action.  See also **objective area.**  (JP 3-60)
target acquisition - The detection, identification, and location of a target in sufficient detail
to permit the effective employment of capabilities that create the required effects.  Also
called TA.  See also **target analysis.**  (JP 3-60)
target analysis - An examination of potential targets to determine military importance,
priority of engagement, and capabilities required to create a desired effect.  See also target acquisition.  (JP 3-60)
target area of interest - The geographical area where high-value targets can be acquired
and engaged by friendly forces.  Also called **TAI.**  See also area of interest; high-value
target; target.  (JP 2-01.3)
target audience - An individual or group selected for influence.  Also called TA.  (JP 3-13)
target component - A set of targets within a target system performing a similar function.
See also **target.**  (JP 3-60)
target development - The systematic examination of potential target systemsand their
components, individual targets, and even elements of targetsto determine the
necessary type and duration of the action that must be exerted on each target to create an effect that is consistent with the commander's specific objectives.  (JP 3-60)
targeteer - An individual who has completed requisite training and guides the joint
targeting cycle in their current duties.  (JP 3-60)
target element - A specific feature or part of a target that enables it to function and, which
if engaged, may create specific effects on that target.  (JP 3-60)
target folder - A folder, hardcopy or electronic, containing target intelligence and related
materials prepared for planning and executing action against a specific target.  See also
target.  (JP 3-60)
target information center - The agency or activity responsible for collecting, displaying,
evaluating, and disseminating information pertaining to potential targets.  Also called TIC.  See also **target.**  (JP 3-02)
targeting - The process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate
response to them, considering operational requirements and capabilities.  See also joint targeting coordination board; target.  (JP 3-0)
target intelligence - Intelligence that portrays and locates the components of a target or
target complex and indicates its vulnerability and relative importance.  See also **target.** (JP 3-60)
target location error - The difference between the coordinates generated for a target and
the actual location of the target.  Also called **TLE.**  (JP 3-09.3)
target materials - Graphic, textual, tabular, digital, video, or other presentations of target
intelligence, primarily designed to support operations against designated targets by one
or more weapon(s) systems.  See also **Air Target Materials  Program.**  (JP 3-60)
target nomination list - A prioritized list of targets drawn from the joint target list, or
restricted target list, and nominated by component commanders, appropriate agencies,
or the joint force commander's staff for inclusion on the joint integrated prioritized
target list.  Also called **TNL.**  See also candidate target list; joint integrated
prioritized target list; target.  (JP 3-60)
target of opportunity - 1. A target identified too late, or not selected for action in time, to
be included in deliberate targeting that, when detected or located, meets criteria specific to achieving objectives and is processed using dynamic targeting.  2. A target visible to
a surface or air sensor or observer, which is within range of available weapons and
against which fire has not been scheduled or requested.  See also dynamic targeting; target; unanticipated target; unscheduled target.  (JP 3-60)
target reference point - A predetermined point of reference, normally a permanent
structure or terrain feature that can be used when describing a target location.  Also
called **TRP.**  (JP 3-09.3)
target system - All the targets situated in a particular geographic area and functionally
related or a group of targets that are so related that their destruction will produce some
particular effect desired by the attacker.  See also **target.**  (JP 3-60)
target system analysis - An all-source examination of potential target systems to
determine relevance to stated objectives, military importance, and priority of attack. Also called **TSA.**  (JP 3-60)
target system assessment - The broad assessment of the overall impact and effectiveness
of military force applied against the operation of an enemy target system, significant
subdivisions of the system, or total combat effectiveness relative to the operational objectives established.   See also **target system.**  (JP 3-60)
target system component - A related group of entities within a target system that perform
or contribute toward a similar function.  (JP 3-60)
task - A clearly defined action or activity specifically assigned to an individual or
organization that must be done as it is imposed by an appropriate authority.  (JP 1)
task element - A component of a naval task unit organized by the commander of a task
unit or higher authority.  (JP 3-32)
task force - A component of a fleet organized by the commander of a task fleet or higher
authority for the accomplishment of a specific task or tasks.  Also called TF.  (JP 3-32)
task force counterintelligence coordinating authority An individual in a joint force
intelligence directorate, counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element, joint
task force configuration that coordinates counterintelligence activities with other supporting counterintelligence organizations and agencies to ensure full counterintelligence coverage of the task force operational area. Also called **TFCICA.**  See also **counterintelligence; counterintelligence activities; joint task force.**  (JP 2-01.2)

task group - A component of a naval task force organized by the commander of a task
force or higher authority.  Also called **TG.**  (JP 3-32)
task order - Order for services placed against an established contract.  See also civil
augmentation program.  (JP 4-10)
task organization - An organization that assigns to responsible commanders the means
with which to accomplish their assigned tasks in any planned action.  (JP 3-33)
task unit - A component of a naval task group organized by the commander of a task group
or higher authority.  Also called TU.  (JP 3-32)
tear line - A physical line on an intelligence message or document separating categories of
information that have been approved for foreign disclosure and release.  (JP 2-0)
technical analysis - In imagery interpretation, the precise description of details appearing
on imagery.  (JP 2-03)
technical assistance - The providing of advice, assistance, and training pertaining to the
installation, operation, and maintenance of equipment.  (JP 3-22)
technical intelligence - Intelligence derived from the collection, processing, analysis, and
exploitation of data and information pertaining to foreign equipment and materiel for the purposes of preventing technological surprise, assessing foreign scientific and technical capabilities, and developing countermeasures designed to neutralize an
adversary's technological advantages.  Also called **TECHINT.**  See also exploitation;
intelligence.  (JP 2-0)
technical nuclear forensics - The collection, analysis and evaluation of pre-detonation
(intact) and post-detonation (exploded) radiological or nuclear materials, devices, and debris, as well as the immediate effects created by a nuclear detonation.  (JP 3-41)
technical review authority - An organization tasked to provide specialized technical or
administrative expertise to the lead agent, primary review authority, Joint Staff doctrine
sponsor, or coordinating review authority for publications.  Also called **TRA.**  See also
coordinating review authority; joint publication; primary review authority. (CJCSM 5120.01)
technical surveillance countermeasures - Techniques to detect, neutralize, and exploit
technical surveillance technologies and hazards that permit the unauthorized access to or removal of information.  Also called **TSCM.**  See also **counterintelligence.**
(JP 2-01.2)
techniques - Non-prescriptive ways or methods used to perform missions, functions, or
tasks.  See also **procedures; tactics.**  (CJCSM 5120.01)
telecommunications - Any transmission, emission, or reception of various forms of
information by wire, radio, visual, or other electromagnetic systems.  (JP 6-0)
telemedicine - Rapid access to shared and remote medical expertise by means of
telecommunications and information technologies to deliver health services and exchange health information for the purpose of improving patient care.  (JP 4-02)
temporary contingency location - A locale that provides near-term support for a
contingency operation and characterized by expedient infrastructure and support
services that have been expanded beyond Service-organic capabilities.  (JP 4-04)
temporary interment - A site for the purpose of: a. the interment of the human remains if
the circumstances permit or b. the reburial of human remains exhumed from an
emergency interment.  See also **mortuary affairs.**  (JP 4-0)
terminal - A facility designed to transfer cargo from one means of conveyance to another.
See also **facility.**  (JP 4-01.6)
terminal attack control - The authority to control the maneuver of and grant weapons
release clearance to attacking aircraft.  Also called **TAC.**  See also joint terminal attack controller.  (JP 3-09.3)
terminal control - 1. A type of air control with the authority to direct aircraft to maneuver
into a position to deliver ordnance, passengers, or cargo to a specific location or target. 2. Any electronic, mechanical, or visual control given to aircraft to facilitate target acquisition and resolution.  See also **terminal guidance.**  (JP 3-09.3)
terminal guidance - 1. The guidance applied to a guided missile between midcourse
guidance and arrival in the vicinity of the target.  2. Electronic, mechanical, visual, or
other assistance given an aircraft pilot to facilitate arrival at, operation within or over,
landing upon, or departure from an air landing or airdrop facility.  See also terminal
control.  (JP 3-03)
terminal guidance operations - Actions using electronic, mechanical, voice, or visual
communications that provide approaching aircraft and/or weapons additional
information regarding a specific target location.  Also called **TGO.**  (JP 3-09)
terminal operations - The reception, processing, and staging of passengers; the receipt,
transit, storage, and marshalling of cargo; the loading and unloading of modes of
transport conveyances; and the manifesting and forwarding of cargo and passengers to
destination.  See also **operation; terminal.**  (JP 4-01.5)
terminal phase - That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile that begins when the
warhead or payload reenters the atmosphere and ends when the warhead or payload
detonates, releases its submunitions, or impacts.  See also boost phase; midcourse phase.  (JP 3-01)

termination criteria - The specified standards approved by the President and/or the
Secretary of Defense that must be met before a military operation can be concluded.
(JP 3-0)
terrain analysis - The collection, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of geographic
information on the natural and man-made features of the terrain, combined with other relevant factors, to predict the effect of the terrain on military operations.  (JP 2-03)
terrain avoidance system - A system that provides the pilot or navigator of an aircraft
with a situation display of the ground or obstacles so that the pilot can maneuver the
aircraft to avoid the obstruction.  (JP 3-50)
terrain flight - Flight close to the Earth's surface during which airspeed, height, and/or
altitude are adapted to the contours and cover of the ground to avoid enemy detection
and fire.  Also called contour flight; low-level flight; **nap-of-the-Earth flight.**
(JP 3-09.3)
terrorism - The unlawful use of violence or threat of violence, often motivated by religious,
political, or other ideological beliefs, to instill fear and coerce individuals, governments
or societies in pursuit of terrorist goals..  See also antiterrorism; combating terrorism; counterterrorism; force protection condition.  (JP 3-26)
terrorism threat level - A Department of Defense intelligence threat assessment of the
level of terrorist threat faced by United States personnel and interests in a foreign
nation; the levels are expressed as LOW, MODERATE, **SIGNIFICANT**, and HIGH.  (JP 3-26)
theater - The geographical area for which a commander of a geographic combatant
command has been assigned responsibility.  (JP 1)
theater antisubmarine warfare commander - A Navy commander assigned to develop
plans and direct assigned and attached assets for the conduct of antisubmarine warfare
within an operational area.  Also called **TASWC.**  (JP 3-32)
theater Army - An echelon of command designated as the Army Service component
command responsible for recommendations of allocation and employment of Army forces to the geographic combatant commander.  Also called TA.  (JP 3-31)
theater-assigned transportation assets - Transportation assets that are assigned under the
combatant command (command authority) of a geographic combatant commander.  See also **combatant command (command authority).**  (JP 4-01)
theater detainee reporting center - The field operating agency of the National Detainee
Reporting Center responsible for maintaining information on all detainees and their
personal property within a theater of operations or assigned area of operations.  Also called **TDRC.**  (JP 3-63)

theater distribution - The flow of personnel, equipment, and materiel within theater to
meet the geographic combatant commander's missions.  Also called TD.  See also distribution; theater; **theater distribution system.**  (JP 4-09)
theater distribution system - The four independent and mutually supported networks
within an area of responsibility to meet the geographic combatant commander's requirements: the physical network, the financial network, the information network, and
the communications network.  See also distribution; distribution plan; distribution
system; theater; theater distribution.  (JP 4-01)
theater hospitalization capability - Essential care and health service support capabilities
to either return the patient to duty and/or stabilization to ensure the patient can tolerate
evacuation to a definitive care facility outside the theater, which is known as Role 3 in North Atlantic Treaty Organization doctrine.  (JP 4-02)
theater of operations - An operational area defined by the geographic combatant
commander for the conduct or support of specific military operations.  Also called TO. See also **theater of war.**  (JP 3-0)
theater of war - Defined by the President, Secretary of Defense, or the geographic
combatant commander as the area of air, land, and water that is, or may become, directly involved in the conduct of major operations and campaigns involving combat.  See also area of responsibility; theater of operations.  (JP 3-0)
theater special operations command - A subordinate unified command established by a
combatant commander to plan, coordinate, conduct, and support joint special operations.  Also called **TSOC.**  See also **special operations.**  (JP 3-05)
theater strategy - An overarching construct outlining a combatant commander's vision for
integrating and synchronizing military activities and operations with the other instruments of national power to achieve national strategic objectives.  See also national military strategy; national security strategy; strategy.  (JP 3-0)
theater support contract - A type of contract awarded by contingency contracting officers
in the operational area serving under the direct contracting authority of the Service component, United States Special Operations Command, or designated joint head of a
contracting activity for the operation.  See also external support contract; systems
support contract.  (JP 4-10)
thermal crossover - The natural phenomenon that normally occurs twice daily when
temperature conditions are such that there is a loss of contrast between two adjacent objects on infrared imagery.  (JP 3-09.3)
thermal radiation - 1. The heat and light produced by a nuclear explosion.  2.
Electromagnetic radiations emitted from a heat or light source as a consequence of its
temperature.  (JP 3-41)
third-country national - A non-United States citizen who is working in, but not a resident
of, the nation in which the United States is conducting operations.  Also called **TCN.**
(JP 4-10)
thorough decontamination - Decontamination carried out by a unit to reduce
contamination on personnel, equipment, materiel, and/or working areas equal to natural background or to the lowest possible levels, to permit the partial or total removal of
individual protective equipment and to maintain operations with minimum degradation.
See also **immediate decontamination; operational decontamination.**  (JP 3-11)
threat analysis - In antiterrorism, a continual process of compiling and examining all
available information concerning activities by terrorist groups which could target a facility.  See also **antiterrorism.**  (JP 3-26)
threat assessment - In antiterrorism, examining the capabilities, intentions, and activities,
past and present, of terrorist organizations, as well as the security environment within which friendly forces operate to determine the level of threat.  (JP 3-26)
threat warning - The urgent communication and acknowledgement of time-critical
information essential for the preservation of life and/or vital resources.  (JP 2-01)
throughput - 1. In transportation, the average quantity of cargo and passengers that can
pass through a port on a daily basis from arrival at the port to loading onto a ship or
plane, or from the discharge from a ship or plane to the exit (clearance) from the port complex.  (JP 4-01.5)  2. In patient movement and care, the maximum number of patients (stable or stabilized) by category, that can be received at the airport, staged, transported, and received at the proper hospital within any 24-hour period.  (JP 4-02)
throughput capacity - The estimated capacity of a port or an anchorage to clear cargo
and/or passengers in 24 hours usually expressed in tons for cargo, but may be expressed in any agreed upon unit of measurement.  See also **clearance capacity.**  (JP 4-01.5)
time-definite delivery - The consistent delivery of requested logistics support at a time and
destination specified by the receiving activity.  Also called **TDD.**  (JP 4-09)
time of flight - In artillery, mortar, and naval gunfire support, the time in seconds from the
instant a weapon is fired, launched, or released from the delivery vehicle or weapons
system to the instant it strikes or detonates.  (JP 3-09)
time on target - The actual time at which munitions impact the target.  Also called **TOT.**
(JP 3-09.3)
time-phased force and deployment data - The time-phased force, non-unit cargo, and
personnel data combined with movement data for the operation plan, operation order, or ongoing rotation of forces.  Also called **TPFDD.**  (JP 5-0)
times - The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff coordinates the proposed dates and times
with the commanders of the appropriate unified and specified commands, as well as any
recommended changes to when specified operations are to occur (C-, D-, M-days end
at 2400 hours Universal Time [Zulu time] and are assumed to be 24 hours long for planning).  (JP 5-0)
time-sensitive target - A joint force commander-validated target or set of targets requiring
immediate response because it is a highly lucrative, fleeting target of opportunity or it poses (or will soon pose) a danger to friendly forces.  Also called **TST.**  (JP 3-60)
time to target - The number of minutes and seconds to elapse before aircraft ordnance
impacts on target.  Also called **TTT.**  (JP 3-09.3)
tophandler - A device specially designed to permit the lifting and handling of containers
from the top with rough terrain container handlers.  See also **container.**  (JP 4-01.6)
topographic map - A map that presents the vertical position of features in measurable form
as well as their horizontal positions.  (JP 2-03)
total mobilization - Expansion of the active Armed Forces of the United States resulting
from action by Congress and the President to organize and/or generate additional units or personnel beyond the existing force structure, and the resources needed for their support, to meet the total requirements of a war or other national emergency involving an external threat to the national security.  (JP 4-05)
toxic industrial biological - Any biological material manufactured, used, transported, or
stored by industrial, medical, or commercial processes which could pose an infectious
or toxic threat.  Also called **TIB.**  (JP 3-11)
toxic industrial chemical - A chemical developed or manufactured for use in industrial
operations or research by industry, government, or academia that poses a hazard.  Also called **TIC.**  (JP 3-11)
toxic industrial material - A generic term for toxic, chemical, biological, or radioactive
substances in solid, liquid, aerosolized, or gaseous form that may be used, or stored for
use, for industrial, commercial, medical, military, or domestic purposes.  Also called TIM.  (JP 3-11)
toxic industrial radiological - Any radiological material manufactured, used, transported,
or stored by industrial, medical, or commercial processes.  Also called **TIR.**  (JP 3-11)
track - 1. A series of related contacts displayed on a data display console or other display
device.  2. To display or record the successive positions of a moving object.  3. To lock
onto a point of radiation and obtain guidance therefrom.  4. To keep a gun properly
aimed, or to point continuously a target-locating instrument at a moving target.  5. The actual path of an aircraft above or a ship on the surface of the Earth.  6. One of the two endless belts on which a full-track or half-track vehicle runs.  7. A metal part forming a path for a moving object such as the track around the inside of a vehicle for moving a mounted machine gun.  (JP 3-01)

track correlation - Correlating track information for identification purposes using all
available data.  (JP 3-01)
tracking - Precise and continuous position-finding of targets by radar, optical, or other
means.  (JP 3-07.4)
track management - Defined set of procedures whereby the commander ensures accurate
friendly and enemy unit and/or platform locations and a dissemination procedure for filtering, combining, and passing that information to higher, adjacent, and subordinate
commanders.  (JP 3-01)
track of interest - In counterdrug operations, contacts that meet the initial identification
criteria applicable in the area where the contacts are detected.  Also called **TOI.**  See also **suspect.**  (JP 3-07.4)
tradecraft - 1.  Specialized methods and equipment used in the organization and activity
of intelligence organizations, especially techniques and methods for handling
communications with agents.  2.  Operational practices and skills used in the
performance of intelligence related duties. (JP 2-01.2)
traffic management - The direction, control, and supervision of all functions incident to
the procurement and use of freight and passenger transportation services.  (JP 4-09)
training aid - Any item developed or procured with the primary intent that it shall assist in
training and the process of learning.  (JP 3-80)
training and readiness oversight - The authority that combatant commanders may
exercise over assigned Reserve Component forces when not on active duty or when on
active duty for training.  Also called **TRO.**  See also **combatant commander.**  (JP 1)
transient forces - Forces that pass or stage through, or base temporarily within, the
operational area of another command but are not under its operational control.  See also force.  (JP 1)
transitional military authority - Temporary military government exercising the functions
of civil administration in the absence of a legitimate civil authority. (JP 3-07)
transit zone In illicit trafficking, the path taken by smugglers between the source and the
arrival zones, and does not include distribution.  See also **arrival zone.**  (JP 3-07.4)
transmission security - Actions designed to protect communications from interception and
exploitation by means other than cryptoanalysis.  Also called **TRANSEC.**  See also communications security.  (JP 6-0)
transnational threat - Any activity, individual, or group not tied to a particular country or
region that operates across international boundaries and threatens United States national security or interests.  (JP 3-26)
transport area - In amphibious operations, an area assigned to a transport organization for
the purpose of debarking troops and equipment.  See also inner transport area; outer
transport area.  (JP 3-02)
transportation component command - A major command of its parent Service under
United States Transportation Command, which includes Air Force Air Mobility Command, Navy Military Sealift Command, and Army Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command.  Also called **TCC.**  (JP 4-01.6)
transportation feasibility - A determination that the available lift capability exists to move
forces, equipment, and supplies from the point of origin to the port of debarkation within the commander's timeline.  See also **operation plan.**  (JP 4-09)
transportation feasible - A determination made by the supported commander that a draft
operation plan can be supported with the identified or assumed transportation
capabilities.  (JP 5-0)
transportation priorities - Indicators assigned to eligible traffic that establish its
movement precedence.  (JP 4-09)
transportation system - All the land, water, and air routes and transportation assets
conducting movement of United States forces and their supplies during military operations.  (JP 4-01)
transport group - An element that directly deploys and supports the landing of the landing
force and is functionally designated as a transport group in the amphibious task force organization.  (JP 3-02)
transshipment point - A location where material is transferred between vehicles.
(JP 4-01.5)
troop space cargo - Cargo, such as sea or barracks bags, bedding rolls or hammocks, locker
trunks, and office equipment, normally stowed in an accessible place, as well as normal
hand-carried combat equipment and weapons to be carried ashore by the assault troops.
(JP 3-02)
turnaround - The length of time between arriving at a point and being ready to depart from
that point.  (JP 4-01.5)
turning movement - A variation of the envelopment in which the attacking force passes around or over the enemy's principal defensive positions to secure objectives deep in the enemy's rear to force the enemy to abandon his position or divert major forces to meet the threat.  (JP 3-06)
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unanticipated target - A target of opportunity that was unknown or not expected to exist
in the operational environment.  See also operational area; target; target of
opportunity.  (JP 3-60)
unauthorized commitment - An agreement that is not binding solely because the United
States Government representative who made it lacked the authority to enter into that agreement on behalf of the United States Government.  (JP 4-10)
uncertain environment - Operational environment in which host government forces,
whether opposed to or receptive to operations that a unit intends to conduct, do not have
totally effective control of the territory and population in the intended operational area. (JP 3-0)
unconventional assisted recovery - Nonconventional assisted recovery conducted by
special operations forces.  Also called **UAR.**  See also **evader; recovery.**  (JP 3-50)
unconventional assisted recovery coordination cell - A compartmented special
operations forces cell, established to coordinate, synchronize, and deconflict
nonconventional assisted recovery operations within the operational area assigned to the joint force commander.  Also called **UARCC.**  See also joint operations center; joint
personnel recovery center; special operations forces; unconventional assisted recovery.  (JP 3-50)
unconventional warfare - Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or
insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by
operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area. Also called UW.  (JP 3-05)
undersea warfare - Military operations conducted to establish and maintain control of the
undersea portion of a maritime operational area.  Also called **USW.**  See also antisubmarine warfare; mine warfare.  (JP 3-32)
underwater demolition - The destruction or neutralization of underwater obstacles that is
normally accomplished by underwater demolition teams.  (JP 3-34)
underwater demolition team - A group of officers and enlisted specially trained and
equipped to accomplish the destruction or neutralization of underwater obstacles and associated tasks.  (JP 3-34)
unexploded explosive ordnance - Explosive ordnance that has been primed, fused, armed
or otherwise prepared for action, and that has been fired, dropped, launched, projected,
or placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installations, personnel, or material and remains unexploded either by malfunction or design or for any other cause.  Also called **UXO.**  See also **explosive ordnance.**  (JP 3-42)
unified action - The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of
governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of
effort.  (JP 1)
unified command - A command with a broad continuing mission under a single
commander and composed of significant assigned components of two or more Military Departments that is established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.  See also **combatant command; subordinate unified command.**  (JP 1)
Unified Command Plan - The document, approved by the President, that sets forth basic
guidance to all unified combatant commanders; establishes their missions, responsibilities, and force structure; delineates the general geographical area of
responsibility for geographic combatant commanders; and specifies functional
responsibilities for functional combatant commanders.  Also called **UCP.**  See also combatant command; combatant commander.  (JP 1)
unified geospatial-intelligence operations - The collaborative and coordinated process to
assess, align, and execute geospatial intelligence across the National System for Geospatial Intelligence and its partner organizations.  Also called **UGO.**  (JP 2-03)
uniformed services - The Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Space
Force, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Public Health Services. See also **Military Department.**  (JP 1-0)
unit - 1. Any military element whose structure is prescribed by competent authority.  2. An
organization title of a subdivision of a group in a task force.(JP 3-33)
United States - Includes the land area, internal waters, territorial sea, and airspace of the
United States, including  a. United States territories; and b. Other areas over which the
United States Government has complete jurisdiction and control or has exclusive
authority or defense responsibility.  (JP 1)
United States message text format - A program designed to enhance joint and combined
combat effectiveness through standardization of message formats, data elements, and
information exchange procedures.  Also called **USMTF.**  (JP 3-50)
United States Naval Ship A public vessel of the United States that is in the custody of the
Navy and operated by the Military Sealift Command with a civil service crew or operated
by a commercial company under contract to the Military Sealift Command with a
merchant marine crew.  Also called **USNS.**  See also **Military Sealift Command.**  (JP
3-36)
United States person - A United States citizen; an alien known by the concerned
intelligence agency to be a permanent resident alien; an unincorporated association substantially composed of United States citizens or permanent resident aliens; or a
corporation incorporated in the United States, except for those directed and controlled
by a foreign government or governments.  (JP 2-01.2)
United States Transportation Command patient movement requirements center - A
United States Transportation Command activity responsible for intratheater patient movement management (medical regulating and aeromedical evacuation scheduling), the development of theater-level patient movement plans and schedules, the monitoring and execution in concert with the Global Patient Movement Requirements Center.  Also
called **TPMRC.**  (JP 4-02)
unit line number - A seven-character alphanumeric code that describes a unique increment
of a unit deployment, i.e., advance party, main body, equipment by sea and air, reception
team, or trail party, in the time-phased force and deployment data.  Also called **ULN.**
(JP 3-35)
unit movement data - A unit equipment and/or supply listing containing corresponding
transportability data.  Also called **UMD.**  (JP 3-35)
unit type code - A Joint Chiefs of Staff-developed and -assigned code, consisting of five
characters that uniquely identify a "type unit."  Also called **UTC.**  (JP 3-35)
unity of command - The operation of all forces under a single responsible commander
who has the requisite authority to direct and employ those forces in pursuit of a common purpose.  (JP 3-0)
unity of effort - Coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the
participants are not necessarily part of the same command or organization, which is the
product of successful unified action.  (JP 1)
Universal Joint Task List - A menu of tasks that may be selected by a joint force
commander to accomplish the assigned mission.  Also called **UJTL.**  (JP 3-33)
Universal Time - A measure of time that conforms, within a close approximation, to the
mean diurnal rotation of the Earth and serves as the basis of civil timekeeping.  Also called **ZULU time.**  (JP 5-0)
unknown - 1. A code meaning "information not available."  2. An unidentified target. An
aircraft or ship that has not been determined to be hostile, friendly, or neutral using identification friend or foe and other techniques, but that must be tracked by air defense or naval engagement systems.  3. An identity applied to an evaluated track that has not been identified.  See also **assumed friend; friend; neutral; suspect.**  (JP 3-01)
unmanned aircraft - An aircraft that does not carry a human operator and is capable of
flight with or without human remote control.  Also called **UA.**  (JP 3-30)
unmanned aircraft system - That system whose components include the necessary
equipment, network, and personnel to control an unmanned aircraft.  Also called **UAS.** (JP 3-30)
unrestricted reporting - A process that a Service member uses to disclose, without
requesting confidentiality or restricted reporting, that he or she is the victim of a sexual assault.  (JP 1-0)
unscheduled target - A target of opportunity that is known to exist in the operational
environment.  See also **operational area; target; target of opportunity.**  (JP 3-60)
unstable patient - A patient whose physiological status is in fluctuation and for whom
emergent, treatment, and/or surgical intervention are anticipated during treatment or evacuation, and the patient's rapidly changing status and requirements are beyond the standard en route care capability and requires medical/surgical augmentation.  (JP 4-02)
unstuffing - The removal of cargo from a container.  Also called **stripping.**  (JP 4-09)
use of force policy - Policy guidance issued by the Commandant, United States Coast
Guard, on the use of force and weapons.  (JP 3-03)
validate - Execution procedure used by combatant command components, supporting
combatant commanders, and providing organizations to confirm to the supported commander and United States Transportation Command that all the information records in a time-phased force and deployment data not only are error-free for automation
purposes, but also accurately reflect the current status, attributes, and availability of units
and requirements.  (JP 5-0)
validation - 1. A process associated with the collection and production of intelligence that
confirms that an intelligence collection or production requirement is sufficiently important to justify the dedication of intelligence resources, does not duplicate an
existing requirement, and has not been previously satisfied.  (JP 2-01)  2. A part of target development that ensures all candidate targets meet the objectives and criteria outlined
in the commander's guidance and ensures compliance with the law of war and rules of engagement.  (JP 3-60)  3. In the context of time-phased force and deployment data
validation, it is an execution procedure whereby all the information records in the timephased force and deployment data are confirmed error-free and accurately reflect the current status, attributes, and availability of units and requirements.  (JP 3-35)  4. A
global force management procedure for assessing combatant command requirements to
determine viability, for sourcing, with respect to risk and prioritization between
competing needs and the nature of the requirement.  See also time-phased force and
deployment data; verification.  (JP 3-35)
vehicle-borne improvised explosive device - A device placed or fabricated in an
improvised manner on a vehicle incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals and designed to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract.  Also called **VBIED.**  (JP 3-10)
vehicle cargo - Wheeled or tracked equipment, including weapons, that require certain
deck space, head room, and other definite clearance.  (JP 3-36)
verification - 1. In arms control, any action, including inspection, detection, and
identification, taken to ascertain compliance with agreed measures.  (JP 3-41)  2. In computer modeling and simulation, the process of determining that a model or
simulation implementation accurately represents the developer's conceptual description
and specifications.  See also **configuration management; validation.**  (JP 3-85)
vertical stowage - A method of stowage in depth within a single compartment by which
loaded items are continually accessible for unloading and the unloading can be completed without corresponding changes or prior unloading of other cargo.  (JP 3-02)
vetting - A part of target development that assesses the accuracy of the supporting
intelligence to targeting.  (JP 3-60)
visual information - Various visual media with or without sound that generally includes
still and motion photography, audio video recording, graphic arts, and visual
presentations.  Also called VI.  (JP 3-61)
Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement - An agreement that provides the Department
of Defense with assured access to United States flag assets, both vessel capacity and intermodal systems, to meet Department of Defense contingency requirements.  Also
called **VISA.**  See also **intermodal.**  (JP 3-36)
voluntary tanker agreement An agreement established by the Maritime Administration
to provide for United States commercial tanker owners and operators to voluntarily make their vessels available to satisfy Department of Defense contingency requirements.  Also called **VTA.**  (JP 3-36)
vulnerability - 1. The susceptibility of a nation or military force to any action by any means
through which its war potential or combat effectiveness may be reduced or its will to fight diminished.  (JP 3-01)  2. The characteristics of a system that can cause it to be degraded (incapability to perform the designated function or mission) as a result of being subjected to a certain level of effects in an unnatural (man-made) hostile environment. (JP 3-60)  3. In information operations, a weakness in information system security
design, procedures, implementation, or internal controls that could be exploited to gain unauthorized access to information or an information system.  See also information
operations.  (JP 3-13)
vulnerability assessment - A Department of Defense, command, or unit-level evaluation
to determine the vulnerability of an installation, unit, exercise, port, ship, residence, facility, or other site to a physical or cyberspace threat.  (JP 3-26)


walk-in - An unsolicited contact who provides information.  (JP 2-01.2)
warden system - An informal method of communication used to pass information to
United States citizens living in affected areas overseas during emergencies. See also
noncombatant evacuation operation.  (JP 3-68)
warning intelligence - Those intelligence activities intended to detect and report timesensitive intelligence information on foreign developments that forewarn of hostile actions or intention against United States entities, partners, or interests.  (JP 2-0)
warning order - 1. A preliminary notice of an order or action that is to follow.  2. A
planning directive that initiates the development and evaluation of military courses of action by a commander.  Also called **WARNORD.**  (JP 5-0)
wartime reserve modes - Characteristics and operating procedures of sensor,
communications, navigation aids, threat recognition, weapons, and countermeasures systems that will contribute to military effectiveness if unknown to, or misunderstood by, opposing commanders before they are used but could be exploited or neutralized if known in advance.  Also called **WARMs.**  (JP 3-85)
Washington Liaison Group - An organization consisting of members of Department of
State and Department of Defense, chaired by a representative of Department of State,
which has basic responsibility for the coordination and implementation of plans for the protection and evacuation in emergencies of persons abroad for whom the Secretaries of State or Defense are responsible. Also called **WLG.**  (JP 3-68)
waterspace management - The allocation of waterspace in terms of antisubmarine warfare
attack procedures to permit the rapid and effective engagement of hostile submarines while preventing inadvertent attacks on friendly submarines.  Also called **WSM.** (JP 3-32)
wave - A formation of forces, including landing craft, amphibious vehicles, or aircraft,
required to beach or land about the same time.  (JP 3-02)
weaponeer - An individual who has completed requisite training to determine the means
required to create a desired effect on a given target.  (JP 3-60)
weaponeering - The process of determining the specific means required to create a desired
effect on a given target.  (JP 3-60)
weapon engagement zone - In air and missile defense, airspace of defined dimensions
within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with a
particular weapon system.  Also called **WEZ.**  (JP 3-01)
weapons control status - An air and missile defense control measure declared for a
particular area and time by an area air defense commander, or delegated subordinate
commander, based on the rules of engagement that establish the conditions under which fighters and surface air defense weapons are permitted to engage threats.  Also call WCS.  (JP 3-01)

weapons free zone - An air defense zone established for the protection of key assets or
facilities, other than air bases, where weapon systems may be fired at any target not
positively recognized as friendly.  (JP 3-01)
weapons of mass destruction - Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons
capable of a high order of destruction or causing mass casualties, excluding the means
of transporting or propelling the weapon where such means is a separable and divisible part from the weapon.  Also called **WMD.**  See also **special operations.**  (JP 3-40)
weapons of mass destruction defeat - Activities designed to control, defeat, disable, and
dispose of extant weapons of mass destruction and the ability to stockpile, transfer, or employ weapons of mass destruction.  Also called **WMD defeat.**  (JP 3-40)
weapons readiness state - The degree of readiness of air defense weapons which can
become airborne or be launched to carry out an assigned task, and normally expressed in numbers of weapons and numbers of minutes.  (JP 3-01)
weapons release authority - The authority originating from the President to engage or
direct engagement of ballistic missile threats using the ground-based midcourse defense system.  Also call **WRA.**  (JP 3-01)
weapons technical intelligence - A subcategory of technical intelligence derived from the
technical and forensic collection and exploitation of improvised explosive devices, associated components, improvised weapons, and other systems.  Also called **WTI.**
(JP 3-15.1)
weapon system - A combination of one or more weapons with all related equipment,
materials, services, personnel, and means of delivery and deployment (if applicable) required for self-sufficiency.  (JP 3-0)
wellness - Force health protection program that consolidates and incorporates physical and
mental fitness, health promotion, and environmental and occupational health.  See also
force health protection.  (JP 4-02)
wing - 1. An Air Force unit composed normally of one primary mission group and the
necessary supporting organizations.  2. A fleet air wing is the basic organizational and
administrative unit for naval-, land-, and tender-based aviation.  3. A balanced Marine
Corps task organization of aircraft groups and squadrons, together with appropriate command, air control, administrative, service, and maintenance units.  4. A flank unit; that part of a military force to the right or left of the main body.  (JP 3-09.3)
witting - A term of intelligence art that indicates that one is not only aware of a fact or
piece of information but also aware of its connection to intelligence activities. (JP 2-01.2)
wounded warrior programs - A system of support and advocacy to guide and assist the
wounded, ill, and injured Service members and family or designated caregiver through treatment, rehabilitation, return to duty, or military retirement into the civilian
community.  Each Military Department has a unique wounded warrior program that addresses its Service members' needs.  (DODI 6025.22)
working capital fund - A revolving fund established to finance inventories of supplies and
other stores, or to provide working capital for industrial-type activities.  (JP 3-80)
working group - An enduring or ad hoc organization within a headquarters consisting of
a core functional group and other staff and component representatives whose purpose is to provide analysis on the specific function to users.  Also called WG.  (JP 3-33)

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##


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zone of action - A tactical subdivision of a larger area.  (JP 3-09)
zone of fire - An area into which a designated ground unit or fire support ship delivers, or
is prepared to deliver, fire support.  Also called ZF.  (JP 3-09)

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## Shortened Word Forms (Abbreviations, Acronyms, And Initialisms) Solely Derived From Currently Approved Jp Glossaries. For More Information, See "Explanatory Notes." A

 A1
director of manpower, personnel, and services (USAF)
A2
antiaccess
A-2
intelligence staff officer (USAF)
A-3
operations directorate (COMAFFOR staff); operations

 staff officer (USAF)
A4
director of logistics, engineering, and force protection

 (USAF)
A-5
plans directorate (COMAFFOR staff)
A-6
communications staff officer (USAF)
AA
assessment agent; avenue of approach
AA&E
arms, ammunition, and explosives
AAA
antiaircraft artillery
AAC
activity address code
AACG
arrival airfield control group
AADC
area air defense commander
AADP
area air defense plan
AAFES
Army and Air Force Exchange Service
AAFS
amphibious assault fuel system
AAG
aeronautical assignment group
AAGS
Army air-ground system
AAM
air-to-air missile
AAMDC
Army air and missile defense command
AAP
Allied administrative publication
AAR
after action report; after action review; air-to-air refueling

 area
AATCC
amphibious air traffic control center
AAV
amphibious assault vehicle
AB
air base
ABCANZ
American, British, Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand
ABCT
armored brigade combat team
ABFC
advanced base functional component
ABFDS
aerial bulk fuel delivery system
ABI
activity-based intelligence
ABLTS
amphibious bulk liquid transfer system
ABO
air base opening
ABP
air battle plan
A/C
aircraft
AC
Active Component
ACA
airspace control authority; airspace coordination area
| ACAMS     |                                 | Army Container Asset Management System                     |
|-----------|---------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
| ACC       |                                 | air component commander; area coordination center          |
| ACCE      |                                 | air component coordination element                         |
| ACD       |                                 | automated cargo documentation                              |
| ACE       |                                 | aviation combat element (USMC)                             |
| ACEOI     |                                 | automated communications-electronics operating             |
|           | instructions                    |                                                            |
| ACL       |                                 | allowable cabin load                                       |
| ACM       |                                 | airspace coordinating measure                              |
| ACO       |                                 | administrative contracting officer; airspace control order |
| ACOS      |                                 | assistant chief of staff                                   |
| ACP       |                                 | airspace control plan; Allied communications publication   |
| ACS       |                                 | airspace control system                                    |
| ACSA      |                                 | acquisition and cross-servicing agreement                  |
| ACT       |                                 | advance civilian team                                      |
| ACU       |                                 | assault craft unit                                         |
| AD        |                                 | air defense; area denial                                   |
| ADA       |                                 | air defense artillery; Antideficiency Act                  |
| A/DACG    |                                 | arrival/departure airfield control group                   |
| ADAFCO    |                                 | air defense artillery fire control officer                 |
| ADAM      | air defense airspace management |                                                            |
| ADAM/BAE  |                                 | air defense airspace management/brigade aviation element   |
| ADC       |                                 | area damage control                                        |
| ADCON     |                                 | administrative control                                     |
| ADCS      |                                 | air defense coordination section                           |
| ADM       |                                 | air defense measure                                        |
| ADOS      |                                 | active duty for operational support                        |
| ADP       |                                 | Army doctrine publication; automated data processing       |
| ADR       |                                 | airfield damage repair                                     |
| ADRP      |                                 | Army doctrine reference publication                        |
| ADS       |                                 | air defense sector; authoritative data source              |
| ADUSD(TP) |                                 | Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of Defense,               |
|           | Transportation Policy           |                                                            |
| ADVON     |                                 | advanced echelon                                           |
| ADWC      |                                 | air defense warning condition                              |
| ADZ       |                                 | amphibious defense zone                                    |
| AE        |                                 | aeromedical evacuation; assault echelon                    |
| AECA      |                                 | Arms Export Control Act                                    |
| AECT      |                                 | aeromedical evacuation control team                        |
| AEF       |                                 | air expeditionary force                                    |
| AELT      |                                 | aeromedical evacuation liaison team                        |
| AEODP     |                                 | allied explosive ordnance disposal publication             |
| AEODPS    |                                 | Automated Explosive Ordnance Disposal Publication          |
|           | System                          |                                                            |
| AEOT      |                                 | aeromedical evacuation operations team                     |
| AESC      |                                 | aeromedical evacuation support cell                        |
| AETF        |                                                 | air expeditionary task force                                |
|-------------|-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| AF          |                                                 | Air Force; Air Force (form); amphibious force               |
| AF/A2       |                                                 | Deputy Chief of Staff of the Air Force for Intelligence,    |
|             | Surveillance, and Reconnaissance                |                                                             |
| AF/A3M-CVAM |                                                 | Chief of the United States Air Force Special Air Missions   |
|             | Division                                        |                                                             |
| AFATDS      |                                                 | Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System               |
| AFB         |                                                 | Air Force base                                              |
| AFCAP       |                                                 | Air Force Contract Augmentation Program                     |
| AFCEC       |                                                 | Air Force Civil Engineer Center                             |
| AFDA        |                                                 | Air Force doctrine annex                                    |
| AFDD        |                                                 | Air Force doctrine document                                 |
| AFE         |                                                 | Armed Forces Entertainment                                  |
| AFFOR       |                                                 | Air Force forces                                            |
| AFH         |                                                 | Air Force handbook                                          |
| AFHSB       |                                                 | Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch (DHA)               |
| AFI         |                                                 | Air Force instruction                                       |
| AFIC        |                                                 | Five Eyes Air Force Interoperability Council                |
| AFJI        |                                                 | Air Force joint instruction                                 |
| AFLE        |                                                 | Air Force liaison element                                   |
| AFMAN       |                                                 | Air Force manual                                            |
| AFME        |                                                 | Armed Forces Medical Examiner                               |
| AFMES       |                                                 | Armed Forces Medical Examiner System                        |
| AFMS        |                                                 | Air Force Medical Service                                   |
| AFNORTH     |                                                 | Air Force North                                             |
| AFNWC       |                                                 | Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center                            |
| AFOE        |                                                 | assault follow-on echelon                                   |
| AFOSI       |                                                 | Air Force Office of Special Investigations                  |
| AFOSIMAN    |                                                 | Air Force Office of Special Investigations manual           |
| AFPD        |                                                 | Air Force policy directive                                  |
| AFRC        |                                                 | Air Force Reserve Command                                   |
| AFRCC       |                                                 | Air Force Rescue Coordination Center                        |
| AFRRI       |                                                 | Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute                |
| AFRTS       |                                                 | American Forces Radio and Television Service                |
| AFSB        |                                                 | afloat forward staging base; Army field support brigade     |
| AFSMO       |                                                 | Air Force Spectrum Management Office                        |
| AFSOAE      |                                                 | Air Force special operations air element                    |
| AFSOC       |                                                 | Air Force Special Operations Command                        |
| AFSOF       |                                                 | Air Force special operations forces                         |
| AFSPC       |                                                 | Air Force Space Command                                     |
| AFTRANS     | Air Forces Transportation                       |                                                             |
| AFTTP       |                                                 | Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures               |
| AFTTP(I)    |                                                 | Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures (instruction) |
| AGILE       |                                                 | Advanced Global Intelligence Learning Environment           |
| AGL         |                                                 | above ground level                                          |
| AGO         |                                                 |                                                             |
|             | Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation |                                                             |
| AGS       |                                               | authorized government support; aviation ground support     |
|-----------|-----------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
| AGT       |                                               | Automated Global Force Management Tool                     |
| AH        |                                               | attack helicopter                                          |
| AHA       |                                               | alert holding area                                         |
| AHD       |                                               | antihandling device                                        |
| AI        |                                               | acquisition instruction; air interdiction                  |
| AIDPMO    |                                               | Army Intermodal and Distribution Platform Management       |
|           | Office                                        |                                                            |
| AIP       | aeronautical information publication          |                                                            |
| AIRCOR    |                                               | air corridor                                               |
| AIRSUPREQ |                                               | air support request                                        |
| AIS       |                                               | automated information system                               |
| AIT       |                                               | automatic identification technology                        |
| AJA       |                                               | annual joint assessment                                    |
| AJBPO     |                                               | area joint blood program office                            |
| AJD       |                                               | Allied joint doctrine                                      |
| AJODWG    |                                               | Allied Joint Operations Doctrine Working Group             |
| AJP       |                                               | Allied joint publication                                   |
| AKRCC     |                                               | Alaska Rescue Coordination Center                          |
| ALARA     |                                               | as low as reasonably achievable                            |
| ALCF      |                                               | airlift control flight                                     |
| ALCOM     |                                               | United States Alaskan Command                              |
| ALCT      |                                               | airlift control team                                       |
| ALD       |                                               | available-to-load date                                     |
| ALEP      |                                               | amphibious lift enhancement program                        |
| ALERTORD  |                                               | alert order                                                |
| ALLOREQ   |                                               | allocation request                                         |
| ALO       |                                               | air liaison officer                                        |
| ALOC      |                                               | air line of communications                                 |
| ALSA      |                                               | Air Land Sea Application (Center)                          |
| ALT       |                                               | acquisition, logistics, and technology                     |
| ALTRV     |                                               | altitude reservation                                       |
| AM        |                                               | amplitude modulation                                       |
| AMC       |                                               | airborne mission coordinator; Air Mobility Command         |
| AMCC      |                                               | allied movement coordination center                        |
| AMC/CC    |                                               | Commander, Air Mobility Command                            |
| AMCM      |                                               | airborne mine countermeasures                              |
| AMC/SGXM  | Air Mobility Command/Command Surgeon's Office |                                                            |
| AMCT      |                                               | air mobility control team                                  |
| AMD       |                                               | air and missile defense; air mobility division             |
| AMDC      |                                               | air and missile defense commander                          |
| AMedP     |                                               | Allied medical publication                                 |
| AMETL     |                                               |                                                            |
|           | agency mission-essential task list            |                                                            |
| AMLO      |                                               | air mobility liaison officer                               |
| AMOC      |                                               | Air and Marine Operations Center (DHS)                     |
| AMOG      |                                               | air mobility operations group                              |
| AMOS    |                                                            | air mobility operations squadron                   |
|---------|------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|
| AMOW    | air mobility operations wing                               |                                                    |
| AMP     |                                                            | analysis of mobility platform                      |
| AMP-PAT | analysis of mobility platform suite of port analysis tools |                                                    |
| AMPS    |                                                            | Automated Mail Postal System                       |
| AMS     |                                                            | air mobility squadron                              |
| AMS-TAC |                                                            | Automated Manifesting System-Tactical              |
| AMT     |                                                            | aerial mail terminal                               |
| amu     |                                                            | atomic mass unit                                   |
| AMX     |                                                            | air mobility express                               |
| ANG     |                                                            | Air National Guard                                 |
| ANGLICO | air-naval gunfire liaison company                          |                                                    |
| ANR     |                                                            | Alaskan North American Aerospace Defense Command   |
|         | Region                                                     |                                                    |
| ANSI    |                                                            | American National Standards Institute              |
| AN/VRC  |                                                            | Army Navy vehicle radio communications             |
| ANW2    |                                                            | Adaptive Networking Wideband Waveform              |
| AO      |                                                            | action officer; air officer; area of operations    |
| AOA     |                                                            | amphibious objective area                          |
| AOC     |                                                            | air operations center                              |
| AOD     |                                                            | air operations directive                           |
| AODB    |                                                            | air operations database                            |
| AOF     |                                                            | azimuth of fire                                    |
| AOG     |                                                            | Army Operations Group                              |
| AOI     |                                                            | area of interest                                   |
| AOR     |                                                            | area of responsibility                             |
| AOS     |                                                            | aircraft on station                                |
| AOTR    |                                                            | aviation operational threat response               |
| AP      |                                                            | antipersonnel                                      |
| APAN    |                                                            | All Partners Access Network                        |
| APE     |                                                            | airfield pavement evaluation                       |
| APF     |                                                            | afloat pre-positioning force                       |
| APHIS   |                                                            | Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA)  |
| APL     |                                                            | antipersonnel land mine                            |
| APO     |                                                            | Army post office                                   |
| APOD    |                                                            | aerial port of debarkation                         |
| APOE    |                                                            | aerial port of embarkation                         |
| APS     |                                                            | Army pre-positioned stocks                         |
| APS-3   |                                                            | Army pre-positioned stocks-3                       |
| APTD    |                                                            | aircraft attack position target designation        |
| AR      |                                                            | air refueling; Army regulation                     |
| ARC     |                                                            | air Reserve Components; American Red Cross         |
| ARCENT  |                                                            | United States Army Central Command                 |
| ARDEC   |                                                            | United States Army Armament Research, Development, |
|         | and Engineering Center                                     |                                                    |
| ARFOR   |                                                            | Army forces                                        |
| ARG            |                                                             | amphibious ready group                                     |
|----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
| ARM            |                                                             | air reference measure                                      |
| ARNG           |                                                             | Army National Guard                                        |
| ARS            |                                                             | acute radiation syndrome                                   |
| ARSOAD         |                                                             | Army special operations aviation detachment                |
| ARSOF          |                                                             | Army special operations forces                             |
| ARSST          |                                                             | Army space support team                                    |
| ASAT           |                                                             | antisatellite                                              |
| ASBP           |                                                             | Armed Services Blood Program                               |
| ASBPO          |                                                             | Armed Services Blood Program Office                        |
| ASC            |                                                             | Army Sustainment Command                                   |
| ASCC           |                                                             | Army Service component command; Army Service               |
|                | component commander                                         |                                                            |
| ASCOPE         | areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and |                                                            |
|                | events                                                      |                                                            |
| ASCS           |                                                             | air support control section                                |
| ASD(GSA)       |                                                             | Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic        |
|                | Affairs                                                     |                                                            |
| ASD(HA)        |                                                             | Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs)            |
| ASD(HD&ASA)    |                                                             | Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense and       |
|                | Americas' Security Affairs)                                 |                                                            |
| ASD(HD&GS)     |                                                             | Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense        |
|                | and Global Security                                         |                                                            |
| ASD(NII)       |                                                             | Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks and Information   |
|                | Integration)                                                |                                                            |
| ASD(OEPP)      |                                                             | Assistant Secretary of Defense for Operational Energy      |
|                | Plans and Programs                                          |                                                            |
| ASD(RA)        |                                                             | Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs)           |
| ASD(S)         |                                                             | Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment             |
| ASD(SO/LIC)    |                                                             | Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations/Low- |
|                | Intensity Conflict                                          |                                                            |
| ASD(SO/LIC&IC) |                                                             | Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations      |
|                | and Low-Intensity Conflict and Interdependent               |                                                            |
|                | Capabilities                                                |                                                            |
| ASG            |                                                             | Allied System for Geospatial Intelligence                  |
| ASIC           |                                                             | Air and Space Interoperability Council                     |
| ASLT           |                                                             | air support liaison team; assault support landing table    |
| ASM            |                                                             | air-to-surface missile; Army Spectrum Manager              |
| ASMO           |                                                             | Army Spectrum Management Office                            |
| ASOC           |                                                             | air support operations center                              |
| ASOG           |                                                             | air support operations group                               |
| ASOS           |                                                             | air support operations squadron                            |
| ASP            |                                                             | Allied spectrum publication                                |
| ASPR           |                                                             | Office of Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and         |
|                | Response (DHHS)                                             |                                                            |
| ASW            |                                                             | antisubmarine warfare                                      |
| ASWC         |                                                 | antisubmarine warfare commander                          |
|--------------|-------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| AT           |                                                 | antiterrorism                                            |
| ATACMS       |                                                 | Army Tactical Missile System                             |
| ATB          |                                                 | articulated tug barge                                    |
| ATC          |                                                 | air traffic control                                      |
| ATCM         |                                                 | air traffic control measure                              |
| ATCS         |                                                 | air traffic control section                              |
| ATF          |                                                 | amphibious task force; Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,       |
|              | Firearms, and Explosives (DOJ)                  |                                                          |
| ATI          |                                                 | asset target interaction                                 |
| ATO          |                                                 | air tasking order; antiterrorism officer                 |
| ATOC         |                                                 | air terminal operations center                           |
| ATP          |                                                 | Allied tactical publication; Army techniques publication |
| ATSD(PA)     |                                                 | Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public         |
|              | Affairs                                         |                                                          |
| ATSDR        |                                                 | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (DHHS)  |
| ATTP         | Army tactics, techniques, and procedures        |                                                          |
| AU           |                                                 | African Union                                            |
| AUF          |                                                 | airborne use of force                                    |
| AUSCANNZUKUS | Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, |                                                          |
|              | United States                                   |                                                          |
| AV           |                                                 | asset visibility                                         |
| AVC          |                                                 | Bureau of Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance     |
|              | (DOS)                                           |                                                          |
| AVL          |                                                 | anti-vehicle land mine                                   |
| AVS          |                                                 | asset validation system                                  |
| AWACS        |                                                 | Airborne Warning and Control System                      |
| AWG          |                                                 | Asymmetric Warfare Group (USA)                           |
| AWNIS        |                                                 | Allied Worldwide Navigational Information System         |
| AXO          |                                                 | abandoned explosive ordnance                             |
|              |                                                 |                                                          |
|              |                                                 |                                                          |


Intentionally Blank


BAE
brigade aviation element
BAH
basic allowance for housing
BALS
berthing and loading schedule
BAS
basic allowance for subsistence
bbl
barrel (42 US gallons)
BCC
battle control center
BCD
battlefield coordination detachment (USA)
BCG
beach control group
BCL
battlefield coordination line
BCOC
base cluster operations center
BCT
brigade combat team
BD
barge derrick
BDA
battle damage assessment
BDAREP
battle damage assessment report
BDE
brigade
BDOC
base defense operations center
BDS
BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
BEAR
base expeditionary airfield resources (USAF); basic

 expeditionary airfield resources
BEB
brigade engineer battalion
BEI
biometrics-enabled intelligence
BEST
border enforcement security task force
BEWL
biometric-enabled watchlist
BI
battlefield illumination; battle injury
BIA
behavioral influences analysis
BICES
battlefield information collection and exploitation system

 (NATO)
BIFS
Border Intelligence Fusion Section (DHS)
BIS
Bureau of Industry and Security (DOC)
BLCP
beach lighterage control point
BLOS
beyond line-of-sight
BLT
battalion landing team
BM
ballistic missile; beach module
BMD
ballistic missile defense
BMET
biomedical electronics technician
BMU
beachmaster unit
BN
battalion
BOC
bomb on coordinate
BOG
beach operations group
BOS
base operating support
BOS-I
base operating support-integrator
BOT
bomb on target
BP
battle position
BPA
blanket purchase agreement
| BPC   |                           | building partnership capacity           |     |
|-------|---------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-----|
| BPG   |                           | beach party group                       |     |
| BPLAN |                           | base plan                               |     |
| BPT   |                           | beach party team                        |     |
| BSA   |                           | beach support area                      |     |
| BSB   | brigade support battalion |                                         |     |
| BSC   |                           | behavioral science consultant           |     |
| BSI   |                           | base support installation               |     |
| BSZ   | base security zone        |                                         |     |
| BT    |                           | bathythermograph                        |     |
| BTC   |                           | blood transshipment center              |     |
| BTU   |                           | beach termination unit                  |     |
| BTWC  |                           | Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention |     |
| BVR   |                           | beyond visual range                     |     |
| BZ    |                           | buffer zone                             |     |
|       |                           |                                         |     |
C
Celsius
C2
command and control
C2CRE
command and control chemical, biological, radiological,

 and nuclear response element
C-2X
coalition Intelligence Directorate counterintelligence

 and human intelligence staff element
CA
civil affairs; combat assessment; coordinating altitude;

 credibility assessment
CAA
combat aviation advisor; command arrangement

 agreement
CAAF
contractors authorized to accompany the force
CAB
commander's assessment board
CAC
common access card
CACOM
civil affairs command
CAD
Canadian air division
CAF
combat air forces; Conflict Assessment Framework

 (USAID)
CAG
civil affairs group
CAGO
contractor-acquired, government-owned
CAIS
civil authority information support
CAL
critical asset list
CALICS
communication, authentication, location, intentions,

 condition, and situation
CAMOC
Caribbean Air and Marine Operations Center
CAMPS
Consolidated Air Mobility Planning System
CANR
Canadian North American Aerospace Defense Command

 Region
CANUS
Canada-United States
CAO
civil affairs operations; controlled asset operation
CAP
Civil Air Patrol; civil assistance plan; civil augmentation

 program; combat air patrol
CAPM
credibility assessment program manager
CAPT
civil affairs planning team
CARVER
criticality, accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability,

 effect, and recognizability
CAS
close air support
CASEVAC
casualty evacuation
CAT
category; civil affairs team; crisis action team
CATF
commander, amphibious task force
CBCP
Customs and Border Clearance Program (DOD)
CBEC
Contingency Basing Executive Council
CBG
coalition building guide
CBIRF
Chemical-Biological Incident Response Force
CBMU
construction battalion maintenance unit
| CBP          |                                                          | capabilities-based planning; Customs and Border             |
|--------------|----------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
|              | Protection (DHS)                                         |                                                             |
| CBR          |                                                          | chemical, biological, and radiological                      |
| CBRN         |                                                          | chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear             |
| CBRNE        |                                                          | chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield |
|              | explosives (USA/NGB/USCG)                                |                                                             |
| CbT          |                                                          | combating terrorism                                         |
| CC           |                                                          | component commander; critical capability                    |
| CCA          |                                                          | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-controlled activity;  |
|              | contract construction agent; country container authority |                                                             |
| CCAS         |                                                          | contingency contract administration services                |
| CCATT        |                                                          | critical care air transport team                            |
| CCC          |                                                          | coalition coordination center                               |
| CCD          |                                                          | camouflage, concealment, and deception                      |
| CCDB         |                                                          | consolidated counterdrug database                           |
| CCDR         |                                                          | combatant commander                                         |
| CCEB         |                                                          | Combined Communications-Electronics Board                   |
| CCG          |                                                          | combat communications group                                 |
| CCICA        |                                                          | command counterintelligence coordinating authority          |
| CCIF         |                                                          | Combatant Commander Initiative Fund                         |
| CCIR         |                                                          | commander's critical information requirement                |
| CCLI         |                                                          | commerce control list item                                  |
| CCMD         |                                                          | combatant command                                           |
| CCMF         |                                                          | Cyber Combat Mission Force                                  |
| CCO          |                                                          | central control officer; container control officer          |
| CCORB        |                                                          | commander's contract oversight review board                 |
| CCP          |                                                          | combatant command campaign plan; consolidation              |
|              | and containerization point                               |                                                             |
| CCS          |                                                          | commander's communication                                   |
|              | synchronization; core capability set                     |                                                             |
| CCW          |                                                          | 1980 United Nations Convention on Conventional              |
|              | Weapons                                                  |                                                             |
| CD           |                                                          | counterdrug; customer direct                                |
| CDC          |                                                          | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (DHHS)           |
| CDE          |                                                          | collateral damage estimation                                |
| CDI          |                                                          | cargo disposition instructions                              |
| CDIO         |                                                          | collateral duty intelligence officer                        |
| CDIPO        |                                                          | counterdrug intelligence preparation for operations         |
| CDM          |                                                          | collateral damage methodology                               |
| CDO          |                                                          | commander, detainee operations                              |
| CDRAFNORTH   |                                                          | Commander, Air Force North                                  |
| CDRJSOTF     |                                                          | commander, joint special operations task force              |
| CDRNORAD     |                                                          | Commander, North American Aerospace Defense Command         |
| CDRSOJTF     |                                                          | commander, special operations joint task force              |
| CDRTSOC      |                                                          | commander, theater special operations command               |
| CDRUSAFRICOM |                                                          |                                                             |
|              | Commander, United States Africa Command                  |                                                             |
|                | CDRUSARNORTH                                            | Commander, United States Army, North                        |
|----------------|---------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| CDRUSCENTCOM   |                                                         | Commander, United States Central Command                    |
| CDRUSCYBERCOM  |                                                         | Commander, United States Cyber Command                      |
| CDRUSELEMNORAD |                                                         | Commander, United States Element, North American            |
|                | Aerospace Defense Command                               |                                                             |
| CDRUSEUCOM     |                                                         | Commander, United States European Command                   |
| CDRUSINDOPACOM |                                                         | Commander, United States Indo-Pacific Command               |
| CDRUSNORTHCOM  |                                                         | Commander, United States Northern Command                   |
| CDRUSSOCOM     |                                                         | Commander, United States Special Operations Command         |
| CDRUSSOUTHCOM  |                                                         | Commander, United States Southern Command                   |
| CDRUSSPACECOM  |                                                         | Commander, United States Space Command                      |
| CDRUSSTRATCOM  |                                                         | Commander, United States Strategic Command                  |
| CDRUSTRANSCOM  |                                                         | Commander, United States Transportation Command             |
| CDS            |                                                         | Chief of Defence Staff (Canada); command disablement        |
|                | system; container delivery system                       |                                                             |
| C-E            |                                                         | communications-electronics                                  |
| CE             |                                                         | circular error; command element (USMC)                      |
| CEB            |                                                         | combat engineer battalion                                   |
| CEHC           |                                                         | Counter Explosive Hazards Center (USA)                      |
| CEMA           |                                                         | cyberspace electromagnetic activities (USA)                 |
| CEMIRT         | civil engineer maintenance, inspection, and repair team |                                                             |
| CENTRIXS       |                                                         | Combined Enterprise Regional Information Exchange           |
|                | System                                                  |                                                             |
| CEP            |                                                         | Chairman's Exercise Program                                 |
| CERFP          |                                                         | chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield |
|                | explosives enhanced response force package              |                                                             |
| CERP           |                                                         | Commanders' Emergency Response Program                      |
| CERT           |                                                         | contingency engineering response team                       |
| CEW            |                                                         | civilian expeditionary workforce                            |
| CEWCC          |                                                         | combined electronic warfare coordination cell               |
| CEXC           |                                                         | combined explosives exploitation cell                       |
| CF             |                                                         | carrier-furnished; causeway ferry; conventional forces      |
| CFA            |                                                         | critical factors analysis                                   |
| CFB            |                                                         | Canadian forces base                                        |
| CFE-DM         |                                                         | Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and            |
|                | Humanitarian Assistance (USINDOPACOM)                   |                                                             |
| CFL            |                                                         | coordinated fire line                                       |
| CFLCC          |                                                         | coalition forces land component commander                   |
| CFPM           |                                                         | causeway ferry power module                                 |
| CFR            |                                                         | Code of Federal Regulations                                 |
| CFSCC          |                                                         | Combined Forces Space Component Command                     |
|                | (USSPACECOM)                                            |                                                             |
| CFST           |                                                         | coalition forces support team                               |
| CG             |                                                         | Coast Guard; commanding general                             |
| CG-652         |                                                         | Coast Guard Spectrum Management and                         |
|                | Telecommunications Policy Division                      |                                                             |
| CGCIS                                   |                                                 | Coast Guard Counterintelligence Service                     |
|-----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| CGDEFOR                                 |                                                 | Coast Guard defense force                                   |
| CGICC                                   |                                                 | Coast Guard Intelligence Coordination Center                |
| CGIS                                    |                                                 | United States Coast Guard Investigative Service             |
| CGTTP                                   |                                                 | Coast Guard tactics, techniques, and procedures             |
| CHCSS                                   |                                                 | Chief, Central Security Service                             |
| CHD                                     |                                                 | counterintelligence and human intelligence detachment       |
| CHE                                     |                                                 | cargo-handling equipment; container handling equipment      |
| CI                                      |                                                 | counterintelligence                                         |
| CIA                                     |                                                 | Central Intelligence Agency                                 |
| CIB                                     |                                                 | Common Interactive Broadcast; controlled image base         |
| CICA                                    |                                                 | counterintelligence coordinating authority                  |
| CICR                                    |                                                 | counterintelligence collection requirement                  |
| CID                                     |                                                 | combat identification                                       |
| CIE                                     |                                                 | collaborative information environment; cultural             |
|                                         | intelligence element                            |                                                             |
| CIEA                                    |                                                 | classification, identification, and engagement area         |
| C-IED                                   |                                                 | counter-improvised explosive device                         |
| C-IEDTF                                 |                                                 | counter-improvised explosive device task force              |
| CI/KR                                   |                                                 | critical infrastructure and key resources                   |
| CIL                                     |                                                 | critical information list                                   |
| CIM                                     |                                                 | civil information management                                |
| CIMIC                                   |                                                 | civil-military cooperation                                  |
| CIO                                     |                                                 | chief information officer                                   |
| CIOC                                    |                                                 | counterintelligence operations cell                         |
| CIOTA                                   |                                                 | counterintelligence operational tasking authority           |
| CIP                                     |                                                 | critical infrastructure protection                          |
| CIRT                                    |                                                 | Collaborative Issue Resolution Tool                         |
| CISAR                                   |                                                 |                                                             |
| catastrophic incident search and rescue |                                                 |                                                             |
|                                         |                                                 |                                                             |
| CITE                                    |                                                 | computer intrusion technical exploitation                   |
| CITP                                    |                                                 | counter-improvised explosive device targeting program       |
| CIVMAR                                  |                                                 | civil service mariner                                       |
| CJ-4                                    |                                                 | combined-joint logistic office                              |
| CJCS                                    |                                                 | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff                       |
| CJCSI                                   |                                                 | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction           |
| CJCSM                                   |                                                 | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual                |
| CJE                                     |                                                 | component joint data networks operations officer equivalent |
| CJEODC                                  | combined joint explosive ordnance disposal cell |                                                             |
| CJFC                                    |                                                 | combined joint force commander                              |
| CJLOTS                                  |                                                 | combined joint logistics over-the-shore                     |
| CJOC                                    |                                                 | Canadian Joint Operations Command                           |
| CJSART                                  |                                                 | Criminal Justice Sector Assessment Rating Tool              |
| CJSMPT                                  |                                                 | Coalition Joint Spectrum Management Planning Tool           |
| CJSOTF                                  |                                                 | combined joint special operations task force                |
| CJTF                                    |                                                 | combined joint task force (NATO); commander, joint          |
|                                         | task force                                      |                                                             |
| C-JWICS   |                                                    | Containerized Joint Worldwide Intelligence                  |
|-----------|----------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
|           | Communications System                              |                                                             |
| CL        |                                                    | contingency location; coordination level                    |
| CLA       |                                                    | critical logistics asset; landing craft, air cushion launch |
|           | area                                               |                                                             |
| CLB       | combat logistics battalion                         |                                                             |
| CLF       |                                                    | combat logistics force; commander, landing force            |
| CLIA      | Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 |                                                             |
| CLIP      |                                                    | Clinical Laboratory Improvement Program                     |
| CLML      |                                                    | contingency location master list                            |
| CLPSB     |                                                    | combatant commander logistics procurement support board     |
| CLR       | combat logistics regiment                          |                                                             |
| CLS       |                                                    | contractor logistics support                                |
| CLZ       |                                                    | landing craft, air cushion landing zone                     |
| CM        |                                                    | combination module; cruise missile                          |
| cm        |                                                    | centimeter(s)                                               |
| CMA       |                                                    | collection management authority                             |
| CMAA      |                                                    | cooperative military airlift agreement                      |
| CMC       |                                                    | Commandant of the Marine Corps; Office of Civilian-         |
|           | Military Cooperation (USAID)                       |                                                             |
| CMCB      |                                                    | civil-military coordination board                           |
| CMCC      | combined movement coordination center              |                                                             |
| CMDO      |                                                    | command military deception officer                          |
| CME       |                                                    | civil-military engagement                                   |
| CMF       |                                                    | Cyber Mission Force                                         |
| CMM       |                                                    | Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation (USAID)        |
| CMO       |                                                    | civil-military operations                                   |
| CMOC      |                                                    | civil-military operations center                            |
| CMOS      |                                                    | cargo movement operations system; Cargo Movement            |
|           | Operations System (USAF)                           |                                                             |
| CMP       |                                                    | contractor management plan                                  |
| CMPF      |                                                    | commander, maritime pre-positioning force                   |
| CMSE      |                                                    | civil-military support element                              |
| CMST      |                                                    | consequence management support team                         |
| CMT       |                                                    | combat mission team                                         |
| CNBG      |                                                    | commander, naval beach group                                |
| CNGB      |                                                    | Chief, National Guard Bureau                                |
| CNGBI     |                                                    | Chief, National Guard Bureau instruction                    |
| CNMF      |                                                    | Cyber National Mission Force                                |
| CNMF-HQ   |                                                    | Cyber National Mission Force-Headquarters                   |
| CNMI      |                                                    | Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands                |
| CNO       |                                                    | Chief of Naval Operations                                   |
| CNR       |                                                    | combat net radio                                            |
| CO        |                                                    | cyberspace operations                                       |
| COA       |                                                    | course of action                                            |
| COB       |                                                    | contingency operating base                                  |
| COC            |                                          | combat operations center                                |
|----------------|------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
| CoC            |                                          | Code of Conduct                                         |
| COCO           |                                          | contractor-owned, contractor-operated                   |
| COCOM          |                                          | combatant command (command authority)                   |
| COD            |                                          | combat operations division                              |
| COE            |                                          | concept of employment                                   |
| COF            |                                          | conduct of fire                                         |
| COG            |                                          | center of gravity; continuity of government             |
| COI            |                                          | community of interest                                   |
| COIC           |                                          | Counter-Improvised Explosive Device Operations/         |
|                | Intelligence Integration Center (JIEDDO) |                                                         |
| COIN           |                                          | counterinsurgency                                       |
| CO-IPE         |                                          | cyberspace operations-integrated planning element       |
| COLDS          |                                          | cargo offload and discharge system                      |
| COLISEUM       |                                          | community on-line intelligence system for end-users and |
|                | managers                                 |                                                         |
| COLPRO         |                                          | collective protection                                   |
| COLS           |                                          | concept of logistics support                            |
| COM            |                                          | chief of mission; collection operations management      |
| COMAFFOR       |                                          | commander, Air Force forces                             |
| COMALOC        |                                          | commercial air line of communications                   |
| COMARFOR       |                                          | commander, Army forces                                  |
| COMCAM         |                                          | combat camera                                           |
| COMDTINST      |                                          | Commandant instruction (USCG)                           |
| COMFLTCYBERCOM |                                          | Commander, Fleet Cyber Command                          |
| COMINT         |                                          | communications intelligence                             |
| COMMARFOR      |                                          | commander, Marine Corps forces                          |
| COMNAVFOR      |                                          | commander, Navy forces                                  |
| COMNET         |                                          | communications network                                  |
| COMPACAF       |                                          | Commander, Pacific Air Forces                           |
| COMPASS        |                                          | Computerized Movement Planning and Status System        |
| COMSC          |                                          | Commander, Military Sealift Command                     |
| COMSCINST      |                                          | Commander, Military Sealift Command instruction         |
| COMSEC         |                                          | communications security                                 |
| COMSUBLANT     |                                          | Commander Submarine Force, United States Atlantic Fleet |
| COMSUBPAC      |                                          | Commander Submarine Force, United States Pacific Fleet  |
| COMUSNAVNORTH  |                                          | Commander, United States Naval Forces, Northern         |
|                | Command                                  |                                                         |
| COMUSPACFLT    |                                          | Commander, United States Pacific Fleet                  |
| CONOPS         |                                          | concept of operations                                   |
| CONPLAN        |                                          | concept plan; operation plan in concept format          |
| CONR           |                                          | continental United States North American Aerospace      |
|                | Defense Command Region                   |                                                         |
| CONUS          |                                          | continental United States                               |
| COOP           |                                          | continuity of operations                                |
| COP            |                                          | common operational picture                              |
| COR      |                                                      | contracting officer's representative                           |
|----------|------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|
| CORIVRON |                                                      | coastal riverine squadron                                      |
| COS      |                                                      | chief of staff                                                 |
| COSC     |                                                      | combat and operational stress control                          |
| COTP     |                                                      | captain of the port                                            |
| COTS     |                                                      | commercial off-the-shelf                                       |
| CP       |                                                      | command post; contact point                                    |
| CPA      |                                                      | campaign plan assessment                                       |
| CPD      |                                                      | combat plans division                                          |
| CPF      |                                                      | Cyber Protection Force                                         |
| CPG      |                                                      | Contingency Planning Guidance                                  |
| CPO      |                                                      | chief petty officer                                            |
| CPT      |                                                      | cyberspace protection team                                     |
| CR       | civil reconnaissance; contingency response; critical |                                                                |
|          | requirement                                          |                                                                |
| CRA      |                                                      | continuing resolution authority; coordinating review           |
|          | authority                                            |                                                                |
| CRAF     |                                                      | Civil Reserve Air Fleet                                        |
| C-RAM    |                                                      | counter-rocket, artillery, mortar                              |
| CRC      |                                                      | coastal riverine company; control and reporting center; crisis |
|          | reaction center                                      |                                                                |
| CRE      |                                                      | contingency response element                                   |
| CREstT   |                                                      | Casualty Rate Estimation Tool                                  |
| CREW     |                                                      | counter radio-controlled improvised explosive device           |
|          | electronic warfare                                   |                                                                |
| CRF      |                                                      | coastal riverine force; contingency response force             |
| CRG      |                                                      | contingency response group                                     |
| CRM      |                                                      | collection requirements management; comment                    |
|          | resolution matrix                                    |                                                                |
| CRMx     |                                                      | collection requirements matrix                                 |
| CRSP     |                                                      | centralized receiving and shipping point                       |
| CRT      |                                                      | chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield    |
|          | explosives response team; contingency response team  |                                                                |
| CRTS     |                                                      | casualty receiving and treatment ship                          |
| CRW      |                                                      | contingency response wing                                      |
| CS       |                                                      | combat support                                                 |
| CS&C     |                                                      | Office of Cybersecurity and Communications (DHS)               |
| CSA      |                                                      | combat support agency                                          |
| CSAR     |                                                      | combat search and rescue                                       |
| CSC      |                                                      | convoy support center                                          |
| CSCS     |                                                      | country-specific security cooperation section                  |
| CSE      |                                                      | contingency support element                                    |
| CSEL     |                                                      | command senior enlisted leader                                 |
| CSG      |                                                      | carrier strike group; cryptologic services group               |
| CSL      |                                                      | cooperative security location                                  |
| CSNP     |                                                      | causeway section, nonpowered                                   |
| CSO      |                                                  | Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations (DOS)    |
|----------|--------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| CSP      |                                                  | campaign support plan; career sea pay                    |
| CSPOC    |                                                  | Combined Space Operations Center (USSPACECOM)            |
| CSS      |                                                  | Central Security Service (NSA); combat service support   |
| CSSA     |                                                  | combat service support area                              |
| CSSAMO   |                                                  | combat service support automation management office      |
| CSSB     | combat sustainment support battalion             |                                                          |
| CSSP     |                                                  | cybersecurity service provider                           |
| CST      |                                                  | combat support team                                      |
| CSTO     |                                                  | combined space tasking order                             |
| CSW      |                                                  | coordinate seeking weapons                               |
| CT       |                                                  | computed tomography; counterterrorism                    |
| CTBT     |                                                  | Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty                    |
| CTF      |                                                  | commander, task force; counter threat finance            |
| CTF IAMD |                                                  | commander, task force integrated air and missile defense |
| CTFP     |                                                  | Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program                   |
| CTIP     |                                                  | combating trafficking in persons                         |
| CTITF    | Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force (UN) |                                                          |
| CTL      |                                                  | candidate target list                                    |
| CTN      |                                                  | countering threat networks                               |
| CTP      |                                                  | common tactical picture                                  |
| CTR      | cooperative threat reduction                     |                                                          |
| CTS      |                                                  | commodity tracking system; Contingency Tracking          |
|          | System; controlled technical services            |                                                          |
| CTU      |                                                  | commander, task unit                                     |
| C-UAS    |                                                  | counter-unmanned aircraft system                         |
| CUI      |                                                  | controlled unclassified information                      |
| CUL      |                                                  | common-user logistics                                    |
| CULT     |                                                  | common-user land transportation                          |
| CV       |                                                  | critical vulnerability                                   |
| CVE      |                                                  | countering violent extremism                             |
| CVS      |                                                  | commercial vendor services                               |
| CVT      |                                                  | criticality-vulnerability-threat                         |
| CVW      |                                                  | carrier air wing                                         |
| CW       |                                                  | chemical warfare; continuous wave                        |
| CWA      |                                                  | chemical warfare agent                                   |
| CWC      |                                                  | Chemical Weapons Convention; composite warfare           |
|          | commander                                        |                                                          |
| CWG      |                                                  | counterdeception working group                           |
| CWMD     | countering weapons of mass destruction           |                                                          |
| CWP      |                                                  | causeway pier                                            |
| CWT      |                                                  | customer wait time                                       |
| CZTE     |                                                  | combat zone tax exclusion                                |
|          |                                                  |                                                          |
|          |                                                  |                                                          |
D&F
determinations and findings
D&M
detection and monitoring
D3A
decide, detect, deliver, and assess
DA
Department of the Army; direct action; double agent
DAADC
deputy area air defense commander
DACAS
digitally aided close air support
DACG
departure airfield control group
DACO
directive authority for cyberspace operations
DAF
Department of the Air Force
DAFL
directive authority for logistics
DAL
defended asset list
DALIS
Disaster Assistance Logistics Information System
DAO
defense attache office
DART
disaster assistance response team
DASC
direct air support center
DASD(CN&GT)
Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for

 Counternarcotics and Global Threats
DASD(Log)
Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Logistics)
DASD(SO/CT)
Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special

 Operations and Combating Terrorism
DATT
defense attache
DAWIA
Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act
DBIDS
Defense Biometric Identification System
DBSMC
Defense Business Systems Management Committee
DC3
Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center
DC
Deputies Committee; directed communication; dislocated

 civilian
DCA
defense cooperation agreement; defensive counterair
DCAA
Defense Contract Audit Agency
DCAPES
Deliberate and Crisis Action Planning and Execution

 Segments
DCCC
Defense Collection Coordination Center (DIA)
DCE
defense coordinating element
DCGS
distributed common ground/surface system
DCGS-A
distributed common ground system-Army
DCGS-MC
distributed common ground/surface system Marine Corps
DCHA
Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian

 Assistance (USAID)
DCHC
Defense Counterintelligence and Human Intelligence Center
DCI
defense critical infrastructure
D/CIA
Director, Central Intelligence Agency
DCID
Director of Central Intelligence directive
DCIP
Defense Critical Infrastructure Program
DCISE
Defense Industrial Base Collaborative Information
|           |  Sharing Environment                             |                                                         |
|-----------|--------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
| DCJTF     |                                                  | deputy commander, joint task force                      |
| DCM       |                                                  | defense collection manager; deputy chief of mission;    |
|           | directed communication model                     |                                                         |
| DCMA      |                                                  | Defense Contract Management Agency                      |
| DCME      |                                                  | Defense Collection Management Enterprise                |
| DCO       |                                                  | defense coordinating officer; defensive cyberspace      |
|           | operations                                       |                                                         |
| DCO-IDM   |                                                  | defensive cyberspace operations-internal defensive      |
|           | measures                                         |                                                         |
| DCO-RA    |                                                  | defensive cyberspace operations-response actions        |
| DCP       |                                                  | data collection plan;  detainee collection point        |
| DCR       |                                                  | doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership  |
|           | and education, personnel, facilities, and policy |                                                         |
|           | change recommendation                            |                                                         |
| DCRF      |                                                  | defense chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear |
|           | response force                                   |                                                         |
| DCS       |                                                  | Defense Collaboration Services                          |
| DCTC      | Defense Combating Terrorism Center (DIA)         |                                                         |
| DD        |                                                  | Department of Defense (form)                            |
| DDA       |                                                  | deputy development advisor                              |
| DDE       |                                                  | Defense Logistics Agency distribution expeditionary     |
| DDM       |                                                  | Defense Logistics Agency Distribution Mapping           |
| DDOC      |                                                  | Deployment and Distribution Operations Center           |
|           | (USTRANSCOM)                                     |                                                         |
| DDR       | disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration   |                                                         |
| DDS       |                                                  | Deployable Disbursing System                            |
| DDSBn     |                                                  | deployment and distribution support battalion           |
| DDSM      |                                                  | Defense Distinguished Service Medal                     |
| DDST      |                                                  | deployment and distribution support team                |
| DDXX      |                                                  | Defense Logistics Agency distribution expeditionary     |
| DE        |                                                  | decedent effects; directed energy                       |
| DEA       |                                                  | Drug Enforcement Administration (DOJ)                   |
| DEERS     |                                                  | Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System         |
| DEPORD    |                                                  | deployment order                                        |
| DepSecDef |                                                  | Deputy Secretary of Defense                             |
| DERP      |                                                  | Defense Environmental Restoration Program               |
| DES       |                                                  | deception event schedule                                |
| DF        |                                                  | dangerous fallout; direction finding                    |
| DFARS     |                                                  | Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement       |
| DFAS      |                                                  | Defense Finance and Accounting Service                  |
| DFBA      |                                                  | Defense Forensics and Biometrics Agency                 |
| DFC       |                                                  | detention facility commander                            |
| DFE       |                                                  | Defense Intelligence Agency forward element             |
| DFRIF     |                                                  | Defense Freight Railway Interchange Fleet               |
| DFU       |                                                  | dry filter unit                                         |
| DGT         |                              | designated ground target                                   |     |
|-------------|------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----|
| DHA         |                              | Defense Health Agency; detainee holding area               |     |
| DHE         |                              | defense human intelligence executor                        |     |
| DHE-M       |                              | Defense Human Intelligence Enterprise-manual               |     |
| DHHS        |                              | Department of Health and Human Services                    |     |
| DHM         |                              | defense human intelligence manager                         |     |
| DHP         |                              | Defense Health Program                                     |     |
| DHS         |                              | Department of Homeland Security                            |     |
| DI          |                              | Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) Directorate for Analysis |     |
| DIA         |                              | Defense Intelligence Agency                                |     |
| DIAP        |                              | Defense Intelligence Analysis Program                      |     |
| DIB         |                              | defense industrial base; defense institution building      |     |
| DIE         |                              | deception intelligence estimate                            |     |
| DIFC        |                              | Defence Intelligence Fusion Centre                         |     |
| DIMOC       |                              | Defense Imagery Management Operations Center               |     |
| DINFOS      |                              | Defense Information School                                 |     |
| DIO         |                              | defense intelligence officer                               |     |
| DIRI        |                              | Defense Institution Reform Initiative                      |     |
| DIRINT      |                              | Director of Intelligence (USMC)                            |     |
| DIRLAUTH    |                              | direct liaison authorized                                  |     |
| DIRMOBFOR   |                              | director of mobility forces                                |     |
| DIRNSA      |                              | Director, National Security Agency                         |     |
| DIRSPACEFOR |                              | director of space forces (USSF)                            |     |
| DISA        |                              | Defense Information Systems Agency                         |     |
| DISN        |                              | Defense Information Systems Network                        |     |
| DISO        |                              | deception in support of operations security                |     |
| DISR        |                              | Department of Defense Information Technology               |     |
|             | Standards Registry           |                                                            |     |
| DJ-7        |                              | Director, Joint Force Development                          |     |
| DJS         |                              | Director, Joint Staff                                      |     |
| DLA         |                              | Defense Logistics Agency                                   |     |
| DLD         | digital liaison detachment   |                                                            |     |
| DLEA        |                              | drug law enforcement agency                                |     |
| DLM         |                              | defense logistics manual                                   |     |
| DLMS        |                              | Defense Logistics Management System                        |     |
| DM          |                              | docking module                                             |     |
| DMA         |                              | Defense Media Activity                                     |     |
| DMDC        |                              | Defense Manpower Data Center                               |     |
| DMSM        |                              | Defense Meritorious Service Medal                          |     |
| DMT         |                              | disaster management team (UN)                              |     |
| DMZ         |                              | demilitarized zone                                         |     |
| DNA         |                              | deoxyribonucleic acid                                      |     |
| DNBI        |                              |                                                            |     |
|             | disease and nonbattle injury |                                                            |     |
| DNC         |                              | digital nautical chart                                     |     |
| DNDO        |                              | Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DHS)                    |     |
| DNI         |                              | Director of National Intelligence                          |     |
| DNWS      |                                              | Defense Nuclear Weapons School                             |
|-----------|----------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
| DOC       |                                              | Department of Commerce                                     |
| DOD       |                                              | Department of Defense                                      |
| DODD      |                                              | Department of Defense directive                            |
| DODFMR    |                                              | Department of Defense Financial Management Regulation      |
| DODI      |                                              | Department of Defense instruction                          |
| DODIIS    |                                              | Department of Defense Intelligence Information System      |
| DODIN     |                                              | Department of Defense information network                  |
| DODM      |                                              | Department of Defense manual                               |
| DODS-CWMD |                                              | Department of Defense Strategy for Countering Weapons      |
|           | of Mass Destruction                          |                                                            |
| DOE       |                                              | Department of Energy                                       |
| DOEHRS-IH |                                              | Defense Occupational and Environmental Health              |
|           | Readiness System - Industrial Hygiene        |                                                            |
| DOI       |                                              | Department of the Interior                                 |
| DOJ       |                                              | Department of Justice                                      |
| DOL       |                                              | Department of Labor                                        |
| DOMEX     |                                              | document and media exploitation                            |
| DON       |                                              | Department of the Navy                                     |
| DOS       |                                              | days of supply; Department of State                        |
| DOT       |                                              | Department of Transportation                               |
| DOTMLPF   |                                              | doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and |
|           | education, personnel, and facilities         |                                                            |
| DOTMLPF-P |                                              | doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and |
|           | education, personnel, facilities, and policy |                                                            |
| DOWG      |                                              | deception operations working group                         |
| DOX-T     |                                              | direct operational exchange-tactical                       |
| DP        |                                              | decisive point; displaced person                           |
| DPA       |                                              | danger pay allowance                                       |
| DPAA      |                                              | Defense Prisoner of War/Missing in Action Accounting       |
|           | Agency                                       |                                                            |
| DPAS      |                                              | Defense Priorities and Allocation System                   |
| DPC       |                                              | deception planning cell Defense Pricing and Contracting    |
| DPG       |                                              | Defense Planning Guidance                                  |
| dpi       |                                              | dots per inch                                              |
| DPI       |                                              | desired point of impact                                    |
| DPIP      |                                              | departing initial point                                    |
| DPM       |                                              | dissemination program manager                              |
| DPO       |                                              | Defense Press Office; distribution process owner           |
| DPPDB     |                                              | digital point positioning database                         |
| DR        |                                              | disaster relief                                            |
| DRL       |                                              | Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DOS)         |
| DRO       |                                              | departmental requirements officer                          |
| DRP       |                                              | digital reference point                                    |
| DRRS      |                                              | Defense Readiness Reporting System                         |
| DRRS-S    |                                              | Defense Readiness Reporting System-Strategic               |
| DRS      |                                                  | detainee reporting system                              |
|----------|--------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| DRT      |                                                  | directed readiness table                               |
| DS       |                                                  | direct support                                         |
| DSC      |                                                  | defensive space control; dual-status commander         |
| DSCA     |                                                  | Defense Security Cooperation Agency; defense support   |
|          | of civil authorities                             |                                                        |
| DSE      |                                                  | direct support element                                 |
| DSF      |                                                  | deployable specialized force; District Stability       |
|          | Framework (USAID)                                |                                                        |
| DSM      |                                                  | decision support matrix                                |
| DSN      |                                                  | Defense Switched Network                               |
| DSO      |                                                  | Defense Spectrum Organization (DISA)                   |
| DSPD     | defense support to public diplomacy              |                                                        |
| DSR      |                                                  | defense strategy review                                |
| DSRSG    |                                                  | Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General |
| DSS/ALOC | direct support system/air line of communications |                                                        |
| DSSM     |                                                  | Defense Superior Service Medal                         |
| DSSR     |                                                  | Department of State Standardized Regulation            |
| DST      |                                                  | decision support template; Defense Logistics Agency    |
|          | support team; district support team              |                                                        |
| DTA      |                                                  | dynamic threat assessment                              |
| DTD      |                                                  | Deployable Training Division                           |
| DTED     |                                                  | digital terrain elevation data                         |
| DTG      |                                                  | date-time group                                        |
| D/T/ID   |                                                  | detect/track/identify                                  |
| DTIRP    |                                                  | Defense Treaty Inspection Readiness Program            |
| DTL      |                                                  | deployable team leader                                 |
| DTM      |                                                  | directive-type memorandum                              |
| DTO      |                                                  | drug trafficking organization                          |
| DTPA     |                                                  | diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid                     |
| DTR      |                                                  | Defense Transportation Regulations                     |
| DTRA     |                                                  | Defense Threat Reduction Agency                        |
| DTS      |                                                  | Defense Transportation System; Defense Travel System   |
| DTSA     |                                                  | Defense Technology Security Administration             |
| DURC     |                                                  | dual-use research of concern                           |
| DVD      |                                                  | digital video disc                                     |
| DVIDS    |                                                  | Defense Video and Imagery Distribution System          |
| DWAS     |                                                  | Defense Working Capital Accounting System              |
| DWT      |                                                  | deadweight tonnage                                     |
| DZ       |                                                  | drop zone                                              |
| DZST     |                                                  | drop zone support team                                 |
|          |                                                  |                                                        |
|          |                                                  |                                                        |


Intentionally Blank


18 AF
Eighteenth Air Force
E
enhanced
E3
electromagnetic environmental effects
EA
electromagnetic attack; executive

 agent
EAC
emergency action committee
EACA
electromagnetic attack control authority
EAD
earliest arrival date
EADRCC
Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre
EADRU
Euro-Atlantic disaster response unit
EADS
Eastern Air Defense Sector
EAF
expeditionary airfield
EAP
emergency action plan
EAPC
Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
EBS
environmental baseline survey
ECC
engineer coordination cell; evacuation control center
ECHO
European Commission Directorate General for

 Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection
ECM
electromagnetic countermeasures; electronic

 countermeasures
ECOSOC
Economic and Social Council (UN)
ECS
environmental condition study; expeditionary combat

 support
EDA
excess defense articles
EDI
electronic data interchange
EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
EEE
emergency and extraordinary expense
EEI
essential element of information
EEO
equal employment opportunity
EER
enlisted employee review
EEZ
exclusive economic zone
EFT
electronic funds transfer
eGPL
Enhanced Geospatial Product Library (USAF)
EH
explosive hazard
EHCC
explosive hazards coordination cell
EHDB
explosive hazard database
EHSA
environmental health site assessment
EJPME
enlisted joint professional military education
EL
enduring location
ELCAS
elevated causeway system
ELCAS(M)
elevated causeway system (modular)
ELINT
electronic intelligence
ELIST
enhanced logistics intratheater support tool
ELML
enduring location master list
| ELOS     |                          | extended line-of-sight                                   |
|----------|--------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| ELT      |                          | emergency locator transmitter                            |
| EM       |                          | electromagnetic; emergency management                    |
| EMAC     |                          | emergency management assistance compact                  |
| EMBM     |                          | electromagnetic battle management                        |
| EMC      |                          | electromagnetic compatibility                            |
| EMCON    |                          | emission control                                         |
| EMD      |                          | expeditionary military information support detachment    |
| EME      |                          | electromagnetic environment                              |
| EMEDS    |                          | expeditionary medical support                            |
| EMF      |                          | expeditionary medical facility                           |
| EMI      |                          | electromagnetic interference                             |
| EMIO     |                          | expanded maritime interception operations                |
| EMP      |                          | electromagnetic pulse                                    |
| EMRE     |                          | Expeditionary Medicine Requirements Estimator            |
| EMS      |                          | electromagnetic spectrum                                 |
| EMSCA    |                          | electromagnetic spectrum coordinating authority          |
| EMSO     |                          | electromagnetic spectrum operations                      |
| EMSOC    |                          | electromagnetic spectrum operations cell (USMC)          |
| EMT      |                          | expeditionary military                                   |
|          | information support team |                                                          |
| EMU      |                          | expeditionary medical unit                               |
| ENAO     |                          | emergency nuclear airlift operations                     |
| EO       |                          | electro-optical; executive order                         |
| EOB      |                          | electromagnetic order of battle                          |
| EOC      |                          | emergency operations center                              |
| EOCA     |                          | explosive ordnance clearance agent                       |
| EOD      |                          | explosive ordnance disposal                              |
| EODB     |                          | explosive ordnance disposal bulletin                     |
| EODESU   |                          | explosive ordnance disposal expeditionary support unit   |
| EODGRU   |                          | explosive ordnance disposal group (USN)                  |
| EODIMS   |                          | Explosive Ordnance Disposal Information Management       |
|          | System                   |                                                          |
| EODMU    |                          | explosive ordnance disposal mobile unit                  |
| EODMU-1  |                          | explosive ordnance disposal mobile unit one              |
| EODT&T   |                          | explosive ordnance disposal technology and training      |
| EODTEU   |                          | explosive ordnance disposal training and evaluation unit |
| EODTIC   |                          | Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technical Information        |
|          | Centre (NATO)            |                                                          |
| EO-IR    |                          | electro-optical-infrared                                 |
| EO-IR CM |                          | electro-optical-infrared countermeasure                  |
| EP       |                          | electromagnetic protection; emergency preparedness;      |
|          | excess property          |                                                          |
| EPA      |                          | Environmental Protection Agency; evasion plan of action  |
| EPBS     |                          | expeditionary prime base engineer emergency force        |
|          | squadron                 |                                                          |
| EPF     |                         | expeditionary fast transport                         |
|---------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| EPH     |                         | emergency planning handbook                          |
| EPIC    |                         | El Paso Intelligence Center                          |
| EPIRB   |                         | emergency position-indicating radio beacon           |
| EPLO    |                         | emergency preparedness liaison officer               |
| EPU     |                         | expeditionary port unit                              |
| EPW     |                         | enemy prisoner of war                                |
| ERC     |                         | en route care; expeditionary railway center          |
| ERDC    |                         | Engineer Research and Development Center             |
| ERG     |                         | Emergency Response Guidebook                         |
| ERIMP   |                         | En Route Infrastructure Master Plan (USTRANSCOM)     |
| ERPSS   |                         | En Route Patient Staging System                      |
| ERSG    |                         | executive representative of the Secretary-General    |
| ERT     |                         | engineer                                             |
|         | reconnaissance team     |                                                      |
| ERU     | emergency response unit |                                                      |
| ERW     |                         | explosive remnants of war                            |
| ES      |                         | electromagnetic support; expeditionary salvage       |
| ESB     |                         | engineer support battalion; expeditionary sea base   |
| ESC     |                         | expeditionary sustainment command                    |
| ESCS    |                         | environmental site closure survey                    |
| ESD     |                         | expeditionary transfer dock                          |
| ESEO    |                         | environmental science and engineering officer        |
| ESF     |                         | Economic Support Fund; emergency support function    |
| ESG     |                         | executive steering group; expeditionary strike group |
| ESGR    |                         | Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve            |
| ESO     |                         | Expeditionary Support                                |
|         | Organization (DFAS)     |                                                      |
| ESORTS  |                         | Enhanced Status of Resources and Training System     |
| ESP     |                         | engineer support plan; Estimating Supplies Program   |
| ESR     |                         | external supported recovery                          |
| EST     |                         | embarked security team                               |
| ET      | electronics technician  |                                                      |
| ETF     |                         | electronic target folder                             |
| ETM     |                         | essential tasks matrix                               |
| ETO     |                         | Emergency Transportation Operations (DOT)            |
| EU      |                         | European Union                                       |
| Europol |                         | European Union Agency for Law Enforcement            |
|         | Cooperation             |                                                      |
| EVC     |                         | evasion chart                                        |
| EVE     |                         | equal value exchange                                 |
| EV WHS  |                         | Enhanced View Web Hosting Service                    |
| EW      |                         | electromagnetic warfare                              |
| EWC     |                         | electronic warfare cell                              |
| EWCA    |                         | electronic warfare control authority                 |
| EWCC    |                         | electromagnetic warfare coordination cell            |
| EWO   |     | electromagnetic warfare officer     |
|-------|-----|-------------------------------------|
| EXORD |     | execute order                       |
| EXU-1 |     | Expeditionary Exploitation Unit One |
| EZ    |     | exchange zone                       |
|       |     |                                     |
|       |     |                                     |
F2T2EA
find, fix, track, target, engage, and assess
F3EAD
find, fix, finish, exploit, analyze, and disseminate
FA
field artillery
FAA
Federal Aviation Administration (DOT); Foreign

 Assistance Act
FAC
forward air controller
FAC(A)
forward air controller (airborne)
FACT
field advance civilian team; field assessment and

 coordination team
F/AD
force/activity designator
FAD
forward area detachment
FADM
force allocation decision matrix
FAH
final attack heading; foreign affairs handbook
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization (UN)
FAR
Federal Acquisition Regulation; formal assessment report
FARC
flyaway recompression chamber
FARP
forward arming and refueling point
FAS
Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA)
FAST
fleet antiterrorism security team
FB
forward boundary
FBI
Federal Bureau of Investigation (DOJ)
FC
final coordination; fires cell (USA); floating causeway
FCA
Foreign Claims Act
FCC
federal coordinating

 center
FCE
forward command element
FCO
federal coordinating officer
FCP
functional campaign plan
FCP-CWMD
Functional Campaign Plan for Countering Weapons of

 Mass Destruction
FCT
firepower control team
FD
first draft; from temporary duty (USMC)
FDA
Food and Drug Administration (DHHS)
FDC
fire direction center
FDO
flexible deterrent option; foreign

 disclosure officer
FDPMU
forward-deployable preventive medicine unit
FDR
foreign disaster relief
FE
fires element
FEA
front-end analysis
FEBA
forward edge of the battle area
FEC
facilities engineering command; fires and effects

 coordinator
FECC
fires and effects coordination center (USMC)
| FEI     |                                  | forensic-enabled intelligence                            |     |
|---------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|-----|
| FEMA    |                                  | Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS)                |     |
| FEP     |                                  | foreign excess property                                  |     |
| FEPP    |                                  | foreign excess personal property                         |     |
| FES     |                                  | fire emergency services                                  |     |
| FEST    |                                  | foreign emergency support team                           |     |
| FEZ     |                                  | fighter engagement zone                                  |     |
| FFA     |                                  | free-fire area                                           |     |
| FFC     |                                  | force fires coordinator                                  |     |
| FFCC    |                                  | force fires coordination center (USMC)                   |     |
| FFE     |                                  | field force engineeringt                                 |     |
| FFIR    |                                  | friendly force information requirement                   |     |
| FFP     |                                  | fresh frozen plasma; Office of Food for Peace (USAID)    |     |
| FFT     |                                  | friendly force tracking                                  |     |
| FGS     |                                  | final governing standard; Force Generation Service (UN)  |     |
| FHA     |                                  | foreign humanitarian assistance                          |     |
| FHP     |                                  | force health protection                                  |     |
| FHWA    |                                  | Federal Highway Administration (DOT)                     |     |
| FID     |                                  | foreign internal defense                                 |     |
| FIE     |                                  | foreign intelligence entity                              |     |
| FIOP    |                                  | federal interagency operational plan                     |     |
| FISINT  |                                  | foreign instrumentation signals intelligence             |     |
| FIST    |                                  | fire support team (USA); fleet intelligence support team |     |
| FLIR    |                                  | forward-looking infrared                                 |     |
| FLITE   |                                  | federal legal information through electronics            |     |
| FLN     |                                  | Front de Liberation Nationale                            |     |
| FLO/FLO |                                  | float-on/float-off                                       |     |
| FLOT    |                                  | forward line of own troops                               |     |
| FM      |                                  | field manual (USA); financial management; frequency      |     |
|         | management; frequency modulation |                                                          |     |
| FMA     |                                  | foreign materiel acquisition                             |     |
| FMF     |                                  | Fleet Marine Force (USN); foreign military financing     |     |
| FMS     |                                  | foreign military sales                                   |     |
| FMTS    |                                  | Fourth Estate Manpower Tracking System                   |     |
| FMV     | full-motion video                |                                                          |     |
| FN      |                                  | foreign nation                                           |     |
| FOB     |                                  | forward operating base                                   |     |
| FORCE   |                                  | fuels operational readiness capability equipment (USAF)  |     |
| FORSCOM |                                  | United States Army Forces Command                        |     |
| FOS     |                                  | forward observer system; forward operating site; full    |     |
|         | operational status               |                                                          |     |
| FOUO    |                                  | for official use only                                    |     |
| FOV     |                                  | field of view                                            |     |
| FP      |                                  | firing point; force protection; force provider           |     |
| FPCON   |                                  | force protection condition                               |     |
| FPD     |                                  | force protection detachment; foreign post differential   |     |
| FPE     |                         | force provider expeditionary (USA)      |
|---------|-------------------------|-----------------------------------------|
| FPF     |                         | final protective fire                   |
| FPO     |                         | fleet post office                       |
| FPS     |                         | Federal Protective Service (DHS)        |
| FPWG    |                         | force protection working group          |
| FRA     |                         | Federal Railroad Administration (DOT)   |
| FRAGORD |                         | fragmentary order                       |
| FRC     |                         | forward resuscitative care              |
| FRO     |                         | flexible response option                |
| FSA     |                         | fire support area                       |
| FSC     |                         | fire support coordinator (USMC)         |
| FSCC    |                         | fire support coordination center (USMC) |
| FSCL    |                         | fire support coordination line          |
| FSCM    |                         | fire support coordination measure       |
| FSCOORD |                         | fire support coordinator (USA)          |
| FSEM    |                         | fire support execution matrix           |
| FSF     | foreign security forces |                                         |
| FSO     |                         | fire support officer                    |
| FSP     |                         | functional support plan                 |
| FSS     |                         | fast sealift ship; fire support station |
| FSSP    |                         | fuel system supply point                |
| FST     |                         | fire support task                       |
| FSW     |                         | feet of seawater                        |
| ft      |                         | feet; foot                              |
| FTM     |                         | free text message                       |
| FTN     |                         | force tracking number                   |
| FTO     |                         | foreign terrorist organization          |
| FW      |                         | fixed-wing                              |
| FWA     |                         | fraud, waste, and abuse                 |
| FWRA    |                         | food and water risk assessment          |
| FXL     |                         | forensic exploitation laboratory        |
| FY      |                         | fiscal year                             |
| FY1     |                         | current fiscal year                     |
| FY2     |                         | budget year                             |
| FY3     |                         | program year                            |
| FY4     |                         | out year                                |
| FY5     |                         | out year                                |
| FYDP    |                         | Future Years Defense Program            |
|         |                         |                                         |


Intentionally Blank


## G

 G-1
 Army component manpower or personnel staff officer

  (Army division or higher staff); assistant chief of staff,

 personnel/personnel staff section (USMC)
G-2
Army Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence; Army

 component intelligence staff officer (Army division or

 higher staff); assistant chief of staff,

 intelligence/intelligence staff section (USMC)
G-2X
Army counterintelligence and human intelligence staff

 element
G-3
Army or Marine Corps component operations staff

 officer (Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps

 brigade or higher staff); assistant chief of staff,

 operations
G-4
Army or Marine Corps component logistics staff officer

 (Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps brigade or

 higher staff); assistant chief of staff, logistics/logistics

 staff section (USMC)
G-5
assistant chief of staff, plans (USA); assistant chief of

 staff, plans/plans staff section (USMC)
G-6
Army component command, control, communications,

 and computer systems staff officer (Army division or

 higher staff); assistant chief of staff,

 communications/communications system staff section

  (USMC)
G-7
Army component information operations staff officer;

 assistant chief of staff, information

 engagement/information operations staff section

  (USMC)
GA
tabun
GABA
gamma-aminobutyric acid
GAFS
General Accounting and Finance System
GAMSS
Global Air Mobility Support System
GAO
Government Accountability Office
GAP CITE
Global Adaptive Planning Collaborative

 Information Technology Environment
GARS
Global Area Reference System
GAT
governmental assistance team
GATES
Global Air Transportation Execution System
GB
sarin
GBS
Global Broadcast Service
GC
general counsel; Geneva Convention Relative to the

 Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
GCCC
global contingency construction contract
GCCMAC
Global Contingency Construction Multiple Award
|         |  Contract (USN)                          |                                                         |
|---------|------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
| GCCS    |                                          | Global Command and Control System                       |
| GCCS-A  |                                          | Global Command and Control System-Army                  |
| GCCS-I3 |                                          | Global Command and Control System-Integrated            |
|         | Imagery and Intelligence                 |                                                         |
| GCCS-J  |                                          | Global Command and Control System-Joint                 |
| GCE     |                                          | ground combat element (USMC)                            |
| GCI     |                                          | ground control intercept                                |
| GCM     | global container manager                 |                                                         |
| GC-MS   |                                          | gas chromatography-mass spectrometry                    |
| GCP     |                                          | global campaign plan                                    |
| GCSC    |                                          | global contingency service contract                     |
| GCSMAC  |                                          | Global Contingency Services Multiple Award Contract     |
|         | (USN)                                    |                                                         |
| GCSS    | Global Command Support System            |                                                         |
| GCSS-J  |                                          | Global Combat Support System-Joint                      |
| GD      |                                          | soman                                                   |
| GDP     |                                          | global defense posture                                  |
| GDSS    |                                          | Global Decision Support System                          |
| GE      |                                          | general engineering                                     |
| GENTEXT |                                          | general text                                            |
| GEO     |                                          | geosynchronous Earth orbit                              |
| GEOINT  |                                          | geospatial intelligence                                 |
| GEOREF  |                                          | geographic reference                                    |
| GETM    |                                          | Geospatially Enabled Target Materials (NGA)             |
| GETS    |                                          | Geospatial Intelligence Enterprise Tasking, Processing, |
|         | Exploitation, and Dissemination Services |                                                         |
| GFE     |                                          | government-furnished equipment                          |
| GFM     |                                          | global force management                                 |
| GFMAP   |                                          | Global Force Management Allocation Plan                 |
| GFMB    |                                          | Global Force Management Board                           |
| GFMIG   |                                          | Global Force Management Implementation Guidance         |
| GFP     |                                          | government-furnished property                           |
| GI&S    |                                          | geospatial information and services                     |
| GIBCO   |                                          | geospatial-intelligence base for contingency operations |
| GICNT   |                                          | Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism           |
| GIF     |                                          | global integration framework                            |
| GIMS    |                                          | Geospatial Intelligence Information Management Services |
| GIS     |                                          | geographic information system                           |
| GL      | government-leased                        |                                                         |
| GLD     |                                          | ground liaison detachment                               |
| GLINT   |                                          | gated laser intensifier                                 |
| GLO     |                                          | ground liaison officer                                  |
| GLOC    |                                          | ground line of communications                           |
| GLONASS |                                          | Global Navigation Satellite System                      |
| GLTD    |                                          | ground laser target designator                          |
| GMD      |                                                   | ground-based midcourse defense                         |
|----------|---------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| GME      |                                                   | global mobility enterprise                             |
| GMI      |                                                   | general military intelligence                          |
| GMLRS    |                                                   | Global Positioning System Multiple Launch Rocket       |
|          | System                                            |                                                        |
| GMSC     |                                                   | Global Mission Support Center (USSOCOM)                |
| GNSS     |                                                   | global navigation satellite system                     |
| GNZ      |                                                   | Geospatial Intelligence New Zealand                    |
| GO       | government-owned                                  |                                                        |
| GO/FO    |                                                   | general officer/flag officer                           |
| GPC      |                                                   | geospatial planning cell; government purchase card     |
| GPE      |                                                   | geospatial intelligence preparation of the environment |
| GPEC     |                                                   | Global Posture Executive Council                       |
| GPM      |                                                   | gallons per minute; global pallet manager              |
| GPMRC    |                                                   | Global Patient Movement Requirements Center            |
| GPOI     |                                                   | Global Peace Operations Initiative                     |
| GPS      |                                                   | Global Positioning System                              |
| GPW      |                                                   | Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of         |
|          | Prisoners of War                                  |                                                        |
| GRG      |                                                   | gridded reference graphic                              |
| GROOVE   |                                                   | Geospatial Requirements One-Stop Visualization         |
|          | Environment                                       |                                                        |
| GS       |                                                   | general service; general support                       |
| GSA      |                                                   | General Services Administration                        |
| GSORTS   |                                                   | Global Status of Resources and Training System         |
| GSR      |                                                   | ground surveillance radar                              |
| GTAS     |                                                   | ground-to-air signals                                  |
| GTL      |                                                   | gun-target line                                        |
| GTM      |                                                   | global transportation management                       |
| G-TSCMIS |                                                   | Global Theater Security Cooperation Management         |
|          | Information System                                |                                                        |
| GWS      |                                                   | Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the          |
|          | Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces |                                                        |
|          | in the Field                                      |                                                        |
| GWS Sea  |                                                   | Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the          |
|          | Condition of the Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked   |                                                        |
|          | Members of the Armed Forces at Sea                |                                                        |
|          |                                                   |                                                        |


Intentionally Blank


HA
holding area; humanitarian assistance
HAC
human intelligence analysis cell
HACC
humanitarian assistance coordination center
HAP
humanitarian assistance program
HAST
humanitarian assistance survey team
HC
humanitarian coordinator
HCA
head of a contracting activity; humanitarian and civic

 assistance
HCCC
harbormaster command and control center
HCR
human intelligence collection requirement
HD
homeland defense
HDC
harbor defense commander; helicopter direction center
HDM
Humanitarian Assistance, Disaster Relief, and Mine

 Action (DSCA); humanitarian demining
HDR
humanitarian daily ration
HDTC
Humanitarian Demining Training Center
HE
high explosives
HEMP
high-altitude electromagnetic pulse
HEO
highly elliptical orbit
HERF
hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels
HERO
hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance
HERP
hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel
HEVR
high-explosive violent reaction
HEWSweb
Humanitarian Early Warning Service
HF
high frequency
HFP
hostile fire pay
HHQ
higher headquarters
HHR
hand-held radio
HW
health and welfare
HIDACZ
high-density airspace control zone
HIFLD
homeland infrastructure foundation-level data
HIMARS
High Mobility Artillery Rocket System
HIMEZ
high-altitude missile engagement zone
HIU
Humanitarian Information Unit (DOS)
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HMA
humanitarian mine action
HMCS
helmet-mounted cueing system
HMIRS
Hazardous Material Information Resource System
HN
host nation
HNA
host-nation agreement
HNC
host-nation coordination
HNCC
host nation coordination center
HNS
host-nation support
HNSCC
host-nation support coordination cell
| HNSF    |                      | host-nation security forces                        |     |
|---------|----------------------|----------------------------------------------------|-----|
| HOB     |                      | height of burst                                    |     |
| HOC     |                      | human intelligence operations cell; humanitarian   |     |
|         | operations center    |                                                    |     |
| HOD     |                      | head of delegation                                 |     |
| HOM     |                      | head of mission                                    |     |
| HPT     |                      | high-payoff target                                 |     |
| HQ      |                      | headquarters                                       |     |
| HQCOMDT |                      | headquarters commandant                            |     |
| HQMC    |                      | Headquarters, United States Marine Corps           |     |
| HR      |                      | helicopter request; hostage rescue                 |     |
| HRB     |                      | high-risk billet                                   |     |
| HRC     |                      | high-risk-of-capture                               |     |
| HRF     |                      | homeland response force                            |     |
| HRI     |                      | high risk of isolation                             |     |
| HRP     |                      | high-risk personnel                                |     |
| HRT     |                      | health response team                               |     |
| HS      |                      | homeland security                                  |     |
| HSC     |                      | Homeland Security Council                          |     |
| HSI     |                      | hyperspectral imagery; Office of Homeland Security |     |
|         | Investigations (DHS) |                                                    |     |
| HSIN    |                      | Homeland Security Information Network (DHS)        |     |
| HSM     |                      | humanitarian service medal                         |     |
| HSPD    |                      | homeland security Presidential directive           |     |
| HSS     |                      | health service support                             |     |
| HST     |                      | high-speed transport                               |     |
| HSV     |                      | high-speed vessel                                  |     |
| HTH     |                      | high-test hypochlorite                             |     |
| HUD     |                      | Department of Housing and Urban Development        |     |
| HUMINT  |                      | human intelligence                                 |     |
| HVA     |                      | high-value asset                                   |     |
| HVAA    |                      | high-value airborne asset                          |     |
| HVCDS   |                      | high-velocity container delivery system            |     |
| HVE     |                      | homegrown violent extremist                        |     |
| HVT     |                      | high-value target                                  |     |
| HW      |                      | hazardous waste                                    |     |
|         |                      |                                                    |     |
|         |                      |                                                    |     |
|         |                      |                                                    |     |
|         |                      |                                                    |     |

## I

 I
interservice (USAF)
I2
identity intelligence
I2SP
identity intelligence support packet
I2WD
Intelligence and Information Warfare Directorate (USA)
I&A
Office of Intelligence and Analysis (DHS)
IA
individual augmentee; information assurance
IAA
incident awareness and assessment
IADS
integrated air defense system
IAM
inertially aided munition
IAMD
integrated air and missile defense
IAMSAR
International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and

 Rescue
IAP
incident action plan; integrated assessment and planning
IAPP
Interagency Partnership Program
IAS
International Assistance System
IASC
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (UN)
IAW
in accordance with
IBCT
infantry brigade combat team
IBET
integrated border enforcement team
IBS
Integrated Booking System; integrated broadcast service
IC
incident commander; intelligence community
ICAF
Interagency Conflict Assessment Framework (DOS)
ICAM
improved chemical agent monitor
ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization
ICBM
intercontinental ballistic missile
ICBRN-R
international chemical, biological, radiological, and

 nuclear response
ICC
Intelligence Coordination Center (USCG); International

 Criminal Court
ICD
intelligence community directive
ICDS
improved container delivery system
ICE
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (DHS)
ICF
intelligence contingency funds
ICIS
integrated consumable item support
ICITAP
International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance

 Program (DOJ)
ICJ
International Court of Justice
ICM
image city map
ICODES
Integrated Computerized Deployment System
ICP
integrated contingency plan; intertheater communications

 security package; inventory control point
ICPO-INTERPOL
International Criminal Police Organization-International

 Police
ICRC
International Committee of the Red Cross
| ICS   |                                                     | incident command system; integrated country strategy;     |
|-------|-----------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|
|       | intelligence community standard; interim contractor |                                                           |
|       | support                                             |                                                           |
| ICU   |                                                     | intensive care unit                                       |
| ICVA  |                                                     | International Council of Voluntary Agencies               |
| ICW   |                                                     | in coordination with                                      |
| ID    |                                                     | identification; identifier; initiating directive          |
| IDAD  |                                                     | internal defense and development                          |
| IDENT |                                                     | Automated Biometric Identification System (DHS)           |
| IDF   |                                                     | indirect fire                                             |
| IDL   |                                                     | initialization data load; integrated distribution lane    |
| IDP   |                                                     | imagery derived product; imminent danger pay;             |
|       | internally displaced person                         |                                                           |
| IDSRS |                                                     | Integrated Defense Source Registration System             |
| IED   |                                                     | improvised explosive device                               |
| IEM   |                                                     | installation emergency management                         |
| IER   |                                                     | information exchange requirement                          |
| IFF   |                                                     | identification, friend or foe                             |
| IFO   |                                                     | integrated financial operations; intermediate fuel oil    |
| IFRC  |                                                     | International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent    |
|       | Societies                                           |                                                           |
| IG    |                                                     | inspector general                                         |
| IGC   |                                                     | Integrated Data Environment/Global Transportation         |
|       | Network Convergence                                 |                                                           |
| IGL   |                                                     | intelligence gain/loss                                    |
| IHS   |                                                     | international health specialist                           |
| IIP   |                                                     | Bureau of International Information Programs (DOS);       |
|       | interagency implementation plan                     |                                                           |
| IIR   |                                                     | intelligence information report                           |
| IJSTO |                                                     | integrated joint special technical operations             |
| ILAB  |                                                     | Bureau of International Labor Affairs (DOL)               |
| ILOC  |                                                     | integrated line of communications                         |
| IM    |                                                     | information management; intermediate module               |
| IMA   |                                                     | individual mobilization augmentee                         |
| IMAAC |                                                     | Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment           |
|       | Center                                              |                                                           |
| IMAT  |                                                     | incident management assistance team                       |
| IMDG  |                                                     | international maritime dangerous goods (UN)               |
| IMET  |                                                     | international military education and training             |
| IMINT |                                                     | imagery intelligence                                      |
| IMM   |                                                     | integrated materiel management                            |
| IMO   |                                                     | information management officer; International Maritime    |
|       | Organization                                        |                                                           |
| IMP   |                                                     | information management plan; inventory management         |
|       | plan                                                |                                                           |
| IMT   |                                                     | incident management team                                  |
| INCLE       |                                                | International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement          |
|-------------|------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
|             | (DOS)                                          |                                                              |
| IND         |                                                | improvised nuclear device                                    |
| INFLTREP    |                                                | inflight report                                              |
| INL         |                                                | Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement        |
|             | Affairs (DOS)                                  |                                                              |
| INLS        |                                                | improved Navy lighterage system                              |
| INR         |                                                | Bureau of Intelligence and Research (DOS)                    |
| INS         |                                                | inertial navigation system                                   |
| INSARAG     | International Search and Rescue Advisory Group |                                                              |
| INSCOM      |                                                | United States Army Intelligence and Security Command         |
| InterAction |                                                | American Council for Voluntary International Action          |
| IO          |                                                | information operations                                       |
| IOCB        |                                                | information operations coordination board                    |
| IOII        |                                                | information operations intelligence integration              |
| IOM         |                                                | International Organization for Migration                     |
| IOSS        |                                                | Interagency Operations Security Support Staff                |
| IOWG        |                                                | information operations working group                         |
| IP          |                                                | initial point; integrated policy (USAF); intelligence        |
|             | planning; Internet protocol                    |                                                              |
| IPB         |                                                | intelligence preparation of the battlespace                  |
| IPC         |                                                | interagency planning cell; interagency policy committee      |
| IPDP        |                                                | inland petroleum distribution plan                           |
| IPDS        |                                                | inland petroleum distribution system (USA)                   |
| IPE         |                                                | individual protective equipment; integrated planning element |
| IPG         |                                                | isolated personnel guidance                                  |
| IPI         |                                                | indigenous populations and institutions                      |
| IPR         |                                                | in-progress review                                           |
| IPT         |                                                | intelligence planning team                                   |
| IR          |                                                | information requirement; infrared; intelligence              |
|             | requirement                                    |                                                              |
| IRA         | Provisional Irish Republican Army              |                                                              |
| IRBM        |                                                | intermediate-range ballistic missile                         |
| IRC         |                                                | information-related capability; Internet relay chat          |
| IROM        |                                                | infrared operations manager                                  |
| IRR         |                                                | Individual Ready Reserve                                     |
| IRTPA       |                                                | Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act             |
| IS          |                                                | information system                                           |
| ISA         |                                                | individual Service augmentee; international                  |
|             | standardization agreement                      |                                                              |
| ISAF        |                                                | International Security Assistance Force                      |
| ISB         |                                                | intermediate staging base                                    |
| ISDDC       |                                                | Integrated Mission Support for Surface Deployment and        |
|             | Distribution Cargo                             |                                                              |
| ISE         |                                                | information sharing environment                              |
| ISG         |                                                | isolated Soldier guidance                                    |
| ISIL    |                                                         | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant                   |
|---------|---------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| ISIR    |                                                         | identify, separate, influence, and renunciation        |
| ISN     |                                                         | Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation  |
|         | (DOS); internment serial number                         |                                                        |
| ISO     |                                                         | International Organization for Standardization         |
| ISOPAK  |                                                         | International Organization for Standardization package |
| ISOPREP |                                                         | isolated personnel report                              |
| ISP     |                                                         | Internet service provider                              |
| ISPR    |                                                         | intelligence support to personnel recovery             |
| ISR     |                                                         | intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance         |
| ISRD    | intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance division |                                                        |
| ISRLO   |                                                         | intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance liaison |
|         | officer (USAF)                                          |                                                        |
| I/T     |                                                         | interpreter and translator                             |
| IT      |                                                         | information system technician; information technology  |
| ITA     |                                                         | International Trade Administration (DOC)               |
| ITF     |                                                         | integrated task force; intelligence task force (DIA)   |
| ITO     |                                                         | installation transportation officer                    |
| ITU     |                                                         | International Telecommunications Union                 |
| ITV     |                                                         | in-transit visibility                                  |
| ITW/AA  |                                                         | integrated tactical warning and attack assessment      |
| IVA     |                                                         | intermediate volatility agent                          |
| IW      |                                                         | irregular warfare                                      |
| IWC     |                                                         | information operations warfare commander               |
| IWG     |                                                         | intelligence working group                             |
| IWW     |                                                         | inland waterway                                        |
| IWWS    |                                                         | inland waterway system                                 |
|         |                                                         |                                                        |
J-1
manpower and personnel directorate of a joint staff
J-2
intelligence directorate of a joint staff
J-2E
joint force exploitation staff element
J-2X
joint force counterintelligence and human intelligence

 staff element
J-3
operations directorate of a joint staff
J-35
future operations cell
J-39 DDGO
Joint Staff, Deputy Director for Global Operations
J-4
logistics directorate of a joint staff
J-5
plans directorate of a joint staff
J-6
communications system directorate of a joint staff
J-7
engineering staff section of a joint staff; operational plans

 and interoperability directorate of a joint staff; training

 and education directorate of a joint staff; training

 directorate of a joint staff
J-8
force structure, resource, and assessment directorate of a

 joint staff; resource management and financial support

 directorate of a joint staff
J-9
civil-military operations/interagency cooperation

 directorate of a joint staff; civil-military operations

 directorate/interagency operations directorate of a joint

 staff; civil-military operations directorate of a joint staff
J-35
future operations cell
J-39 DDGO
Joint Staff, Deputy Director for Global Operations
JA
judge advocate
JA/ATT
joint airborne and air transportability training
JACCE
joint air component coordination element
JACE
joint air coordination element
JADOC
Joint Air Defense Operations Center (NORAD)
JADOCS
Joint Automated Deep Operations Coordination System
JAG
judge advocate general
JAGIC
joint air-ground integration center
JAMMS
Joint Asset Movement Management System
JAOC
joint air operations center
JAOP
joint air operations plan
JARN
joint air request net
JASSM
joint air-to-surface standoff missile
JAT
joint assessment team
JBPO
joint blood program office
JCA
joint capability area
JCASO
Joint Contingency Acquisition Support Office (DLA)
JCC
joint cyberspace center
JCCA
joint combat capability assessment
JCCC
Joint Combat Camera Center
| JCEOI               |                                          | joint communications-electronics operating instructions     |
|---------------------|------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| JCET                |                                          | joint combined exchange training                            |
| JCEWR               |                                          | joint coordination of electromagnetic warfare               |
|                     | reprogramming                            |                                                             |
| JCEWS               |                                          | joint force commander's electronic warfare staff            |
| JCIU                |                                          | joint counterintelligence unit                              |
| JCM                 |                                          | Joint Container Management                                  |
| JCMA                |                                          | joint communications security monitoring activity           |
| JCMB                |                                          | joint collection management board                           |
| JCMEB               |                                          | joint civil-military engineering board                      |
| JCMEC               |                                          | joint captured materiel exploitation center; Joint Captured |
|                     | Materiel Exploitation Center (DIA)       |                                                             |
| JCMO                |                                          | joint communications security management office             |
| JCMOTF              |                                          | joint civil-military operations task force                  |
| JCRM                |                                          | Joint Capabilities Requirements Manager                     |
| JCS                 |                                          | Joint Chiefs of Staff                                       |
| JCSB                |                                          | joint contracting support board                             |
| JCSE                |                                          | Joint Communications Support Element                        |
|                     | (USTRANSCOM)                             |                                                             |
| JDAB                |                                          | Joint Doctrine Analysis Branch                              |
| JDAM                |                                          | Joint Direct Attack Munition                                |
| JDB                 |                                          | Joint Doctrine Branch                                       |
| JDD                 |                                          | joint doctrine distribution                                 |
| JDDAS               |                                          | Joint Doctrine Development and Assessment Schedule          |
| JDDC                |                                          | Joint Deployment and Distribution Coordinator               |
|                     | (USTRANSCOM); joint doctrine development |                                                             |
|                     | community                                |                                                             |
| JDDE                |                                          | joint deployment and distribution enterprise                |
| JDDOC               |                                          | joint deployment and distribution operations center         |
| JDDT                |                                          | Joint Doctrine Development Tool                             |
| JDEC                |                                          | joint document exploitation center                          |
| JDEIS               |                                          | Joint Doctrine, Education, and Training Electronic          |
|                     | Information System                       |                                                             |
| JDET                |                                          | joint distribution enabling team                            |
| JDIGS               |                                          | Joint Digital Information Gathering System                  |
| JDISS               |                                          | joint deployable intelligence support system                |
| JDN                 |                                          | joint data network;                                         |
| joint doctrine note |                                          |                                                             |
|                     |                                          |                                                             |
| JDNC                |                                          | joint data network operations cell                          |
| JDNO                |                                          | joint data network operations officer                       |
| JDPC                |                                          | Joint Doctrine Planning Conference                          |
| JDPI                |                                          | joint desired point of impact                               |
| JDPO                |                                          | joint deployment process owner                              |
| JECC                |                                          | Joint Enabling Capabilities Command (USTRANSCOM)            |
| JED                 |                                          | Joint Education and Doctrine                                |
| JEDD                |                                          | Joint Education and Doctrine Division                       |
| JEL                 |                                          | Joint Electronic Library                                    |
| JEL+       |                                                      | Joint Electronic Library Plus                          |
|------------|------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| JEMB       |                                                      | joint environmental management board                   |
| JEMSO      |                                                      | joint electromagnetic spectrum operations              |
| JEMSOC     |                                                      | joint electromagnetic spectrum operations cell         |
| JENM       |                                                      | joint enterprise network manager                       |
| JEODOC     | joint explosives ordnance disposal operations center |                                                        |
| JEODTF     |                                                      | joint explosives ordnance disposal task force          |
| JEPAC      |                                                      | Joint Electromagnetic Preparedness for Advanced Combat |
|            | (USSTRATCOM)                                         |                                                        |
| JEPES      |                                                      | Joint Engineer Planning and Execution System           |
| JET        |                                                      | joint expeditionary team; Joint Operation Planning and |
|            | Execution System editing tool                        |                                                        |
| JETS       |                                                      | joint equipment, tactical, and space                   |
| JEWC       |                                                      | Joint Electromagnetic Warfare Center (USSTRATCOM)      |
| JEWCS      |                                                      | joint electronic warfare core staff (NATO)             |
| JEZ        |                                                      | joint engagement zone                                  |
| JFACC      |                                                      | joint force air component commander                    |
| JFAST      |                                                      | Joint Flow and Analysis System for Transportation      |
| JFC        |                                                      | joint force commander                                  |
| JFCC-IMD   |                                                      | Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated      |
|            | Missile Defense                                      |                                                        |
| JFCC-ISR   |                                                      | Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence,   |
|            | Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (USSTRATCOM)        |                                                        |
| JFCC Space |                                                      | Joint Functional Component Command for Space           |
|            | (USSTRATCOM)                                         |                                                        |
| JFCH       |                                                      | joint force chaplain                                   |
| JFE        |                                                      | joint fires element                                    |
| JFHQ       |                                                      | joint force headquarters                               |
| JFHQ-C     |                                                      | joint force headquarters-cyberspace                    |
| JFHQ-DODIN |                                                      | Joint Force Headquarters-Department of Defense         |
|            | Information Network (USCYBERCOM)                     |                                                        |
| JFHQ-NCR   |                                                      | Joint Force Headquarters-National Capital Region       |
| JFLCC      |                                                      | joint force land component commander                   |
| JFM        |                                                      | joint functional manager                               |
| JFMC       |                                                      | joint fleet mail center                                |
| JFMCC      |                                                      | joint force maritime component commander               |
| JFMO       |                                                      | joint frequency management office                      |
| JFO        |                                                      | joint field office; joint fires observer               |
| JFP        |                                                      | joint force provider                                   |
| JFRG II    |                                                      | joint force requirements generator II                  |
| JFRR       |                                                      | Joint Force Readiness Review                           |
| JFS        |                                                      | joint force surgeon                                    |
| JFSA       |                                                      | Joint Force Sufficiency Assessment                     |
| JFSCC      |                                                      | Joint Force Space Component Commander                  |
|            | (USSTRATCOM)                                         |                                                        |
| JFSOCC     |                                                      | joint force special operations component commander     |
| JFUB       |                                         | joint facilities utilization board                            |
|------------|-----------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| JG         |                                         | joint guide                                                   |
| JHNS       |                                         | Joint Hometown News Service                                   |
| JIA        |                                         | joint individual augmentation; joint individual augmentee     |
| JIACG      |                                         | joint interagency coordination group                          |
| JIATF      |                                         | joint interagency task force                                  |
| JIATF-S    |                                         | Joint Interagency Task Force-South                            |
| JIATF-W    |                                         | Joint Interagency Task Force-West                             |
| JIC        |                                         | joint information center                                      |
| JICO       |                                         | joint interface control officer                               |
| JIDC       |                                         | joint interrogation and debriefing center                     |
| JIDO       |                                         | Joint Improvised-Threat Defeat Organization (DTRA)            |
| JIEE       |                                         | Joint Information Exchange Environment                        |
| JIMB       |                                         | joint information management board                            |
| JIMPP      |                                         | joint industrial mobilization planning process                |
| JIOC       |                                         | joint intelligence operations center                          |
| JIOC-TRANS |                                         | Joint Intelligence Operations CenterTransportation           |
|            | (USTRANSCOM)                            |                                                               |
| JIOWC      |                                         | Joint Information Operations Warfare Center                   |
| JIPCL      |                                         | joint integrated prioritized collection list                  |
| JIPOE      |                                         | joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment |
| JIPTL      |                                         | joint integrated prioritized target list                      |
| JISE       |                                         | joint intelligence support element                            |
| JLB        |                                         | joint logistics board                                         |
| JLCC       |                                         | joint lighterage control center                               |
| JLEnt      |                                         | joint logistics enterprise                                    |
| JLLIS      |                                         | Joint Lessons Learned Information System                      |
| JLLP       |                                         | Joint Lessons Learned Program                                 |
| JLOA       |                                         | joint logistics over-the-shore operation area                 |
| JLOC       |                                         | joint logistics operations center                             |
| JLOP       |                                         | joint land operations plan                                    |
| JLOTS      |                                         | joint logistics over-the-shore                                |
| JLSB       |                                         | joint line of communications security board                   |
| JLSE       |                                         | joint legal support element                                   |
| JLSG       |                                         | joint logistic support group                                  |
| JMAA       |                                         | joint mission assurance assessment                            |
| JMAO       |                                         | joint mortuary affairs office                                 |
| JMC        |                                         | joint movement center                                         |
| JMD        |                                         | joint manning document                                        |
| JMEEL      |                                         | joint mission-essential equipment list                        |
| JMEM       |                                         |                                                               |
|            | Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual    |                                                               |
| JMET       |                                         | joint mission-essential task                                  |
| JMETL      |                                         | joint mission-essential task list                             |
| JMICS      |                                         | Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System            |
|            | mobile integrated communications system |                                                               |
| JMISTF     |                                         | joint military information support task force                 |
| JMO      |                                                         | joint meteorological and oceanographic officer;             |
|----------|---------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
|          | joint munitions office                                  |                                                             |
| JMOC     |                                                         | joint medical operations center                             |
| JMP      |                                                         | joint manpower program                                      |
| JMPA     |                                                         | joint military postal activity                              |
| JMPAB    |                                                         | Joint Materiel Priorities and Allocation Board              |
| JMPS     |                                                         | Joint Mission Planning System                               |
| JMPT     |                                                         | Joint Medical Planning Tool                                 |
| JMTCA    |                                                         | joint munitions transportation coordinating activity        |
| JMUA     |                                                         | Joint Meritorious Unit Award                                |
| JMWG     |                                                         | joint medical working group                                 |
| JNCC     |                                                         | joint network operations control center                     |
| JNWC     |                                                         | Joint Navigation Warfare Center                             |
| JOA      |                                                         | joint operations area                                       |
| JOAF     |                                                         | joint operations area forecast                              |
| JOC      |                                                         | joint operations center                                     |
| JOG      |                                                         | joint operations graphic                                    |
| JOPC     |                                                         | Joint Overhead Persistent Infrared Center                   |
| JOPES    |                                                         | Joint Operation Planning and Execution System               |
| JOPG     |                                                         | joint operations planning group                             |
| JOPPA    | joint operation planning process for air                |                                                             |
| JOSAC    |                                                         | joint operational support airlift center                    |
| JOSE     | Joint Operations Security Support Element (Joint Staff) |                                                             |
| JP       |                                                         | joint publication                                           |
| JPAC     |                                                         | joint planning augmentation cell                            |
| JPADS    |                                                         | joint precision airdrop system                              |
| JPARR    |                                                         | joint personnel accountability reconciliation and reporting |
| JPASE    |                                                         | joint public affairs support element; Joint Public Affairs  |
|          | Support Element (USTRANSCOM)                            |                                                             |
| JPAT     |                                                         | joint planning and advisory team                            |
| JPC      |                                                         | joint postal cell                                           |
| JPEC     |                                                         | joint planning and execution community                      |
| JPED     |                                                         | joint personal effects depot                                |
| JPEG     |                                                         | Joint Photographic Experts Group                            |
| JPERSTAT |                                                         | joint personnel status and casualty report                  |
| JPG      |                                                         | joint planning group                                        |
| JPME     |                                                         | joint professional military education                       |
| JPMRC    |                                                         | joint patient movement requirements center                  |
| JPO      |                                                         | joint petroleum office                                      |
| JPOC     |                                                         | joint personnel operations center                           |
| JPP      |                                                         | joint planning process                                      |
| JPPA     |                                                         | joint planning process for air                              |
| JPPC     |                                                         | joint personnel processing center                           |
| JPRA     |                                                         | Joint Personnel Recovery Agency                             |
| JPRC     |                                                         | joint personnel recovery center                             |
| JPSE     |                                                         | Joint Planning Support Element (USTRANSCOM)                 |
| JPTTA                         |                                                  | joint personnel training and tracking activity             |
|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
| JRC                           |                                                  | joint reconnaissance center                                |
| JRCC                          |                                                  | joint reception coordination center                        |
| JRERP                         |                                                  | Joint Radiological Emergency Response Plan                 |
| JRFL                          |                                                  | joint restricted frequency list                            |
| JRIC                          |                                                  | joint reserve intelligence center                          |
| JRIP                          |                                                  | Joint Reserve Intelligence Program                         |
| JROC                          |                                                  | Joint Requirements Oversight Council                       |
| JRRB                          |                                                  | joint requirements review board                            |
| JRSOI                         |                                                  | joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration |
| JS                            |                                                  | Joint Staff                                                |
| JSA                           |                                                  | joint security area                                        |
| JSAM                          |                                                  | Joint Service Achievement Medal                            |
| JSAP                          |                                                  |                                                            |
| Joint Staff action processing |                                                  |                                                            |
|                               |                                                  |                                                            |
| JSC                           |                                                  | joint security coordinator; Joint Spectrum Center (DISA)   |
| JSCC                          |                                                  | joint security coordination center                         |
| JSCM                          |                                                  | Joint Service Commendation Medal                           |
| JSDS                          |                                                  | Joint Staff doctrine sponsor                               |
| JSETS                         | Joint Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking |                                                            |
|                               | Electronic Tracking System                       |                                                            |
| JSIR                          |                                                  | joint spectrum interference resolution                     |
| JSME                          |                                                  | joint spectrum management element                          |
| JSO                           |                                                  | joint security operations                                  |
| JSOA                          |                                                  | joint special operations area                              |
| JSOAC                         |                                                  | joint special operations air component                     |
| JSOACC                        |                                                  | joint special operations air component commander           |
| JSOC                          |                                                  | joint special operations command                           |
| JSOTF                         |                                                  | joint special operations task force                        |
| JSOU                          |                                                  | Joint Special Operations University                        |
| JSPS                          |                                                  | Joint Strategic Planning System                            |
| JSTARS                        |                                                  | Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System              |
| JT&E                          |                                                  | joint test and evaluation                                  |
| JTAC                          |                                                  | joint terminal attack controller                           |
| JTAIC                         |                                                  | Joint Technical Analysis and Integration Cell (USA)        |
| JTAR                          |                                                  | joint tactical air strike request                          |
| JTB                           |                                                  | Joint Transportation Board                                 |
| JTCB                          |                                                  | joint targeting coordination board                         |
| JTCC                          |                                                  | joint transportation coordination center                   |
| JTCG/ME                       |                                                  | Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munitions           |
|                               | Effectiveness                                    |                                                            |
| JTD                           |                                                  | joint table of distribution                                |
| JTF                           |                                                  | joint task force                                           |
| JTF-CS                        |                                                  | Joint Task Force-Civil Support                             |
| JTF-E                         |                                                  | Joint Task Force-East (DHS); joint task force-elimination  |
| JTF-HD                        |                                                  | Joint Task Force-Homeland Defense                          |
| JTF-I                         |                                                  | Joint Task Force-Investigations (DHS)                      |
| JTF-N     |                             | Joint Task Force-North                              |
|-----------|-----------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| JTF-PO    |                             | joint task force-port opening                       |
| JTF-SD    |                             | Joint Task Force-Space Defense (USSPACECOM)         |
| JTF-State |                             | joint task force-state                              |
| JTF-W     |                             | Joint Task Force-West (DHS)                         |
| JTL       |                             | joint target list                                   |
| JTLM      |                             | joint theater logistics management                  |
| JTMD      |                             | joint table of mobilization and distribution; Joint |
|           | Terminology Master Database |                                                     |
| JTMS      |                             | joint theater movement staff                        |
| JTP       |                             | joint training plan                                 |
| JTR       |                             | Joint Travel Regulations                            |
| JTS       |                             | Joint Training System                               |
| JTSCC     |                             | joint theater support contracting command           |
| JTTF      |                             | joint terrorism task force                          |
| JTWG      |                             | joint targeting working group                       |
| JU        |                             | Joint Tactical Information Distribution System unit |
| JUO       |                             | joint urban operation                               |
| JUON      |                             | joint urgent operational need                       |
| JVB       |                             | joint visitors bureau                               |
| JWAC      |                             | Joint Warfare Analysis Center                       |
| JWG       |                             | joint working group                                 |
| JWICS     |                             | Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System  |
|           |                             |                                                     |
|           |                             |                                                     |


Intentionally Blank


 k
thousand
kg
kilogram(s)
K-Kill
catastrophic kill
KLE
key leader engagement
km
kilometer
KQ ID
tactical location identifier
KS
knowledge sharing
kt
kiloton(s); knot (nautical miles per hour)



Intentionally Blank

LA
lead agent
LAD
latest arrival date; launch area denied
LAN
local area network
LARC
lighter, amphibious resupply, cargo
LARC-V
lighter, amphibious resupply, cargo, 5 ton
lb
pound
lbs.
pounds
LC
legal counsel
LCAC
landing craft, air cushion
LCC
land component commander
LCE
logistics combat element (USMC)
LCM
landing craft, mechanized; letter-class mail
LCU
landing craft, utility
LD
light damage
LDA
limited depository account
LDF
local defense force
LDO
laser designator operator
LE
law enforcement
LEA
law enforcement agency
LEC
lead environmental component
LEDET
law enforcement detachment (USCG)
LEMP
low-altitude electromagnetic pulse
LEO
law enforcement operations; low Earth orbit
LF
landing force
LFA
lead federal agency
LFOC
landing force operations center
LFSP
landing force support party
LGB
laser-guided bomb
LGM
laser-guided missile
LGW
laser-guided weapon
LHA
amphibious assault ship (general purpose)
LHD
amphibious assault ship (multipurpose)
LL
lessons learned
LM
light maneuver
LMARS
Logistics Metrics Analysis Reporting System
LMSR
large, medium-speed roll-on/roll-off
LN
lead nation; local national
LNO
liaison officer
LOA
letter of assist; letter of authorization
LOAC
law of armed conflict
LOAL
lock-on after launch
LOBL
lock-on before launch
LOC
line of communications
LOD
line of departure
| LOE    |                      | letter of evaluation; line of effort                          |
|--------|----------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| LOGCAP |                      | Logistics Civil Augmentation Program (USA)                    |
| LOI    |                      | letter of instruction                                         |
| LO/LO  |                      | lift-on/lift-off                                              |
| LOMEZ  |                      | low-altitude missile engagement zone                          |
| LOO    |                      | line of operation                                             |
| LO/RO  |                      | lift-on/roll-off                                              |
| LOS    |                      | line of sight                                                 |
| LOTS   |                      | logistics over-the-shore                                      |
| LPD    |                      | amphibious transport dock; low probability of detection       |
| LRC    |                      | logistics readiness center                                    |
| LRF    |                      | laser range finder                                            |
| LRO    |                      | lighterage repair officer                                     |
| LRT    |                      | logistics response time                                       |
| LSA    |                      | logistics support analysis; logistics supportability analysis |
| LSC    |                      | lead Service for contracting                                  |
| LSCC   |                      | lead Service for contracting coordination                     |
| LSD    |                      | dock landing ship                                             |
| LSS    |                      | laser spot search; logistics support system; low, slow, and   |
|        | small                |                                                               |
| LSSS   |                      | logistics support, supplies, and services                     |
| LST    |                      | laser spot tracker                                            |
| LSV    |                      | logistics support vessel                                      |
| LT     |                      | long ton                                                      |
| LTD    |                      | laser target designator                                       |
| LTF    |                      | logistics task force                                          |
| LTIOV  |                      | latest time information is of value                           |
| LTL    | laser-to-target line |                                                               |
| LZ     |                      | landing zone                                                  |
|        |                      |                                                               |
|        |                      |                                                               |
m3
cubic meter(s)
M&E
monitoring and evaluation
MA
mission assurance; mortuary affairs
MAA
mission assurance assessment
MAAP
master air attack plan
MAC
mobility assault company
MACCS
Marine air command and control system
MACP
mortuary affairs collection point
MACS
Marine air control squadron
MAF
mobility air forces
MAG
Marine aircraft group
MAGTF
Marine air-ground task force (USMC)
MAJCOM
major command (USAF)
MANPADS
man-portable air defense system
MAOC-N
Maritime Analysis and Operations Center-Narcotics
MARAD
Maritime Administration
MARAD RRF
Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force
MARFOR
Marine forces
Marine TACC
Marine tactical air command center
MARLE
Marine liaison element
MARO
mass atrocity response operations
MARPOL
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution

 from Ships
MARS
Military Auxiliary Radio System
MARSOC
Marine Special Operations Command
MARSOF
Marine special operations forces
MARTS
Mortuary Affairs Reporting and Tracking System
MAS
maritime air support
MASA
mutual airlift support agreement
MASINT
measurement and signature intelligence
MASLO
measurement and signature intelligence liaison officer
MAW
Marine aircraft wing
MC
Military Committee (NATO); mobile

 communications
MC4EB
Military Command, Control, Communications, and

 Computers Executive Board
MCA
military civic action
MCB
movement control battalion
MCC
movement control center
MCCC
Marine Corps component command
MCCE
Movement Coordination Centre Europe
MCDP
Marine Corps doctrinal publication
MCESG
Marine Corps Embassy Security Group
MCI
multinational communications integration
| MCIA        |                                                     | Marine Corps Intelligence Activity                       |
|-------------|-----------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| MCIO        |                                                     | military criminal investigative organization             |
| MCIOC       |                                                     | Marine Corps Information Operations Center               |
| MCIP        |                                                     | Marine Corps interim publication; military customs       |
|             | inspection program                                  |                                                          |
| MCISRE      |                                                     | Marine Corps Intelligence, Surveillance, and             |
|             | Reconnaissance Enterprise                           |                                                          |
| MCM         |                                                     | maneuver control measure; Manual for Courts-Martial;     |
|             | military committee memorandum (memorandum issued in |                                                          |
|             | the name of the Chairman); mine countermeasures     |                                                          |
| MCMC        |                                                     | mine countermeasures commander                           |
| MCMO        |                                                     | medical civil-military operations                        |
| MCMREP      |                                                     | mine countermeasure report                               |
| MCMRON      |                                                     | mine countermeasures squadron                            |
| MCO         |                                                     | major combat operation; Mapping Customer Operations      |
|             | (Defense Logistics Agency); Marine Corps order      |                                                          |
| MCRP        |                                                     | Marine Corps reference publication                       |
| MCS         |                                                     | modular causeway system                                  |
| MCSFR       |                                                     | Marine Corps Security Forces Regiment                    |
| MCT         |                                                     | movement control team                                    |
| MCTB        |                                                     | Military Committee Terminology Board                     |
| MCTOG       |                                                     | Marine Corps Tactics and Operations Group                |
| MCTP        |                                                     | Marine Corps tactical publication                        |
| MCWP        |                                                     | Marine Corps warfighting publication                     |
| MD          |                                                     | missile defense; moderate damage                         |
| MDA         |                                                     | maritime domain awareness; Missile Defense Agency        |
| MDBS        |                                                     | medical detachment, blood support                        |
| MDDOC       |                                                     | Marine air-ground task force deployment and distribution |
|             | operations center                                   |                                                          |
| MDIOC       |                                                     | Missile Defense Integration and Operations Center        |
|             | (MDA)                                               |                                                          |
| MDM         |                                                     | maritime defense measure                                 |
| MDO         |                                                     | military deception officer                               |
| MDRO        |                                                     | mission disaster response officer                        |
| MDS         |                                                     | mobile diving and salvage                                |
| MDSS II     |                                                     | Marine Air-Ground Task Force Deployment Support          |
|             | System II                                           |                                                          |
| MDSU        |                                                     | mobile diving and salvage unit                           |
| MEA         |                                                     | munitions effectiveness assessment                       |
| MEB         |                                                     | maneuver enhancement brigade; Marine expeditionary       |
|             | brigade                                             |                                                          |
| ME/C        |                                                     | medical examiner and/or coroner                          |
| MEDCOM (DS) |                                                     | medical command (deployment support) (USA)               |
| MEDEVAC     |                                                     | medical evacuation                                       |
| MEDINT      |                                                     | medical intelligence                                     |
| MEDLOG      |                                                     | medical logistics                                        |
| MEF       |                                         | Marine expeditionary force                              |     |
|-----------|-----------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|-----|
| MEJA      |                                         | Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act              |     |
| MEO       |                                         | medium Earth orbit; military equal opportunity          |     |
| MET       |                                         | mobile environmental team                               |     |
| METL      |                                         | mission-essential task list                             |     |
| METOC     |                                         | meteorological and oceanographic                        |     |
| METT-T    |                                         | mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support |     |
|           | available-time available                |                                                         |     |
| MEU       |                                         | Marine expeditionary unit                               |     |
| MEZ       |                                         | missile engagement zone                                 |     |
| MF        |                                         | mobile facility                                         |     |
| MFC       |                                         | multinational force commander                           |     |
| MFE       |                                         | mobile field exchange                                   |     |
| MGRS      | military grid reference system          |                                                         |     |
| MHD       |                                         | maritime homeland defense                               |     |
| MHE       |                                         | materials handling equipment                            |     |
| MHS       |                                         | maritime homeland security; Military Health System      |     |
| MHz       |                                         | megahertz                                               |     |
| MI        |                                         | military intelligence                                   |     |
| MIA       |                                         | missing in action                                       |     |
| MIB       |                                         | Military Intelligence Board                             |     |
| MIDB      |                                         | modernized integrated database                          |     |
| MIFC      |                                         | maritime intelligence fusion center (USCG)              |     |
| MILALOC   |                                         | military air line of communications                     |     |
| MILCO     |                                         | minelike contact                                        |     |
| MILCON    |                                         | military construction                                   |     |
| MILDEC    |                                         | military deception                                      |     |
| MILDEP    |                                         | Military Department                                     |     |
| MILSATCOM |                                         | military satellite communications                       |     |
| MILSPEC   |                                         | military specification                                  |     |
| MIL-STD   |                                         | military standard                                       |     |
| MILSTRIP  |                                         | military standard requisitioning and issue procedure    |     |
| MILU      |                                         | multinational integrated logistic unit                  |     |
| MIMP      |                                         | Mobilization Information Management Plan                |     |
| MIO       |                                         | maritime interception operations                        |     |
| MIOC      |                                         | maritime interception operations commander              |     |
| MIP       |                                         | military intelligence program                           |     |
| MIPOE     |                                         | medical intelligence preparation of the operational     |     |
|           | environment                             |                                                         |     |
| MIPR      |                                         | military interdepartmental purchase request             |     |
| MIR       |                                         | multisensor imagery reconnaissance                      |     |
| MIS       |                                         | military information support                            |     |
| MISG      |                                         | military information support group                      |     |
| MISO      | military information support operations |                                                         |     |
| MISREP    |                                         | mission report                                          |     |
| MIST      |                                         | mechanism of injury, injury type, signs, treatment      |     |
| MISTF   |                                         | military information support task force                    |     |
|---------|-----------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----|
| MITAM   |                                         | mission tasking matrix                                     |     |
| MIW     |                                         | mine warfare                                               |     |
| MIWC    |                                         | mine warfare commander                                     |     |
| MJLC    |                                         | multinational joint logistics center                       |     |
| M-Kill  |                                         | mobility kill                                              |     |
| MLG     |                                         | Marine logistics group                                     |     |
| MLI     |                                         | munitions list item                                        |     |
| MLRS    |                                         | multiple launch rocket system                              |     |
| MLT     |                                         | military liaison team                                      |     |
| MMIM    |                                         | Modeled Meteorological Information Manager                 |     |
| MMS     |                                         | marine mammal system                                       |     |
| MMT     |                                         | military mail terminal                                     |     |
| MNC     |                                         | multinational corporation                                  |     |
| MNCC    |                                         | multinational coordination center                          |     |
| MNEODCC |                                         | multinational explosives ordnance disposal control center  |     |
| MNF     |                                         | multinational force                                        |     |
| MNFACC  |                                         | multinational force air component commander                |     |
| MNFC    |                                         | multinational force commander                              |     |
| MNFLCC  |                                         | multinational force land component commander               |     |
| MNFMCC  |                                         | multinational force maritime component commander           |     |
| MNFSOCC |                                         | multinational force special operations component commander |     |
| MNJLC   | multinational joint logistics component |                                                            |     |
| MNL     |                                         | master net list; multinational logistics                   |     |
| MNLC    |                                         | multinational logistic center                              |     |
| MNTF    |                                         | multinational task force                                   |     |
| MOA     |                                         | memorandum of agreement                                    |     |
| MOB     |                                         | main operating base                                        |     |
| MOBREP  |                                         | mobilization report                                        |     |
| MOC     |                                         | maritime operations center; media operations center        |     |
| MOD     |                                         | ministry of defense; modification                          |     |
| Mod     |                                         | model                                                      |     |
| MODA    |                                         | ministry of defense advisor                                |     |
| MOE     |                                         | measure of effectiveness                                   |     |
| MOEI    |                                         | measure of effectiveness indicator                         |     |
| MOG     |                                         | maximum (aircraft) on ground                               |     |
| MOP     |                                         | measure of performance                                     |     |
| MOPP    |                                         | mission-oriented protective posture                        |     |
| MOTR    |                                         | maritime operational threat response                       |     |
| MOU     |                                         | memorandum of understanding                                |     |
| MP      |                                         | military police (USA and USMC); multinational publication  |     |
| MPAT    |                                         | Multinational Planning Augmentation Team                   |     |
| MPF     |                                         | maritime pre-positioning force                             |     |
| MPFUB   |                                         | maritime pre-positioning force utility boat                |     |
| MPO     |                                         | military post office                                       |     |
| MPS     |                                         | maritime pre-positioning ship; Military Planning Service   |     |
|        |  (UN); Military Postal Service     |
|--------|------------------------------------|
| MPSA   | Military Postal Service Agency     |
| MPSRON |                                    |
| MPTk   |                                    |
| MRAT   |                                    |
| MRO    |                                    |
|        | regulating officer                 |
| MRR    |                                    |
| MSC    |                                    |
| MSCAT  |                                    |
| MSCO   |                                    |
| MSD    |                                    |
| MSF    |                                    |
| MSG    |                                    |
| MSI    |                                    |
| MSIC   |                                    |
| MSL    |                                    |
| MSO    |                                    |
| MSOC   |                                    |
| MSOG   |                                    |
| MSOR   |                                    |
| MSP    |                                    |
| MSR    |                                    |
| MSRT   |                                    |
| MSST   |                                    |
|        | team                               |
| MST    |                                    |
| MTAB   |                                    |
| MTCR   | Missile Technology Control Regime  |
| MTF    |                                    |
| MTFP   |                                    |
| MTN    |                                    |
| MTON   |                                    |
| MTT    |                                    |
| MUSE   |                                    |
| MWC    |                                    |
| MWD    |                                    |
| MWG    |                                    |
| MWR    |                                    |
| MWSD   |                                    |
| MWSS   |                                    |
| MWT    |                                    |
|        |                                    |


Intentionally Blank


## N

 N-2
Director of Naval Intelligence; Navy component

 intelligence staff officer
N-6
Director of Naval Communications Networks
NA5CRO
non-Article 5 crisis response operation (NATO)
NAC
North Atlantic Council (NATO)
NAD 83
North American Datum 1983
NADR
nonproliferation, antiterrorism, demining, and related

 programs
NAEC-ENG
Naval Air Engineering Center - Engineering
NAF
nonappropriated funds; numbered air force
NAI
named area of interest
NALC
Navy ammunition logistics code
NALE
naval and amphibious liaison element
NALSS
naval advanced logistic support site
NAMS
National Air Mobility System
NAR
nonconventional assisted recovery; notice of ammunition

 reclassification
NARAC
national atmospheric release advisory capability;

 National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (DOE)
NARP
Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures
NAS
naval air station
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASIC
National Air and Space Intelligence Center
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATOPS
Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures

 Standardization
NAVAIDS
navigational aids
NAVAIR
Naval Air Systems Command
NAVCYBERFOR
Navy Cyber Forces
NAVELSG
Navy expeditionary logistics support group
NAVEODTECHDIV
Naval Explosives Ordnance Disposal Technology

 Division
NAVFAC
Naval Facilities Engineering Command
NAVFACENGCOM
Naval Facilities Engineering Command
NAVFAC EXWC
Naval Facilities Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare

 Center
NAVFOR
Navy forces
NAVMED
Navy medicine
NAVMTO
Navy Material Transportation Office
NAVOCEANO
Naval Oceanographic Office
NAVSAT
navigation satellite
NAVSCOLEOD
Naval School Explosive Ordnance Disposal
NAVSEA
Naval Sea Systems Command
NAVSEAINST
Naval Sea Systems Command instruction
| NAVSOC        |                                                       | Naval Satellite Operations Center; naval special         |
|---------------|-------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
|               | operations command                                    |                                                          |
| NAVSOF        |                                                       | Navy special operations forces                           |
| NAVSPACECOM   |                                                       | Naval Space Command                                      |
| NAVSPECWARCOM |                                                       | Naval Special Warfare Command                            |
| NAVSUP        |                                                       | Naval Supply Systems Command                             |
| NAVWAR        |                                                       | navigation warfare                                       |
| NAWCAD        |                                                       | Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division              |
| Navy TACC     |                                                       | Navy tactical air control center                         |
| NBC           |                                                       | nuclear, biological, and chemical                        |
| NBG           |                                                       | naval beach group                                        |
| NBI           |                                                       | nonbattle injury                                         |
| NBVC          |                                                       | Naval Base Ventura County Agency                         |
| NC2           |                                                       | nuclear command and control                              |
| NC3           |                                                       | nuclear command, control, and communications             |
| NCAGS         |                                                       | naval cooperation and guidance for shipping              |
| NCAPS         |                                                       | naval coordination and protection of shipping            |
| NCB           |                                                       | noncompliant boarding                                    |
| NCC           |                                                       | Navy component command; Navy component                   |
|               | commander                                             |                                                          |
| NCCS          |                                                       | Nuclear Command and Control System                       |
| NCDC          |                                                       | National Climatic Data Center                            |
| NCES          | Net-Centric Enterprise Services                       |                                                          |
| NCESGR        |                                                       | National Committee of Employer Support for the Guard     |
|               | and Reserve                                           |                                                          |
| NCF           |                                                       | naval construction force                                 |
| NCG           |                                                       | naval construction group                                 |
| NCH           |                                                       | natural and cultural resources and historic properties   |
|               | (DOI)                                                 |                                                          |
| NCHB          |                                                       | Navy cargo-handling battalion                            |
| NCIJTF-AG     |                                                       | National Cyber Investigative Joint Task Force-Analytical |
|               | Group (DOD)                                           |                                                          |
| NCIS          |                                                       | Naval Criminal Investigative Service                     |
| NCIX          |                                                       | National Counterintelligence Executive                   |
| NCL           |                                                       | National System for Geospatial-Intelligence Consolidated |
|               | Library                                               |                                                          |
| NCMI          |                                                       | National Center for Medical Intelligence                 |
| NCMP          |                                                       | Navy Capabilities and Mobilization Plan                  |
| NCO           |                                                       | noncombat operations; noncommissioned officer            |
| NCOIC         |                                                       | noncommissioned officer in charge                        |
| NCOS          |                                                       | naval control of shipping                                |
| NCP           |                                                       | National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution          |
|               | Contingency Plan                                      |                                                          |
| NCPC          |                                                       | National Counterproliferation Center                     |
| NCR           |                                                       | National Capital Region (US); National Security          |
|               | Agency/Central Security Service representative; naval |                                                          |
|           |                                                    |  construction regiment                                |
|-----------|----------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
| NCRCC     |                                                    | National Capital Region Coordination Center; United   |
|           | States Northern Command Rescue Coordination Center |                                                       |
| NCRDEF    |                                                    | national cryptologic representative defense           |
| NCR-IADS  |                                                    | National Capital Region-Integrated Air Defense System |
| NCS       |                                                    | National Clandestine Service; National Communications |
|           | System; net control station                        |                                                       |
| NCSC      |                                                    | National Counterintelligence and Security Center      |
| NCSD      |                                                    | National Cyber Security Division (DHS)                |
| NCTC      |                                                    | National Counterterrorism Center (DNI)                |
| NDAA      |                                                    | national defense authorization act                    |
| NDAF      |                                                    | Navy, Defense Logistics Agency, Air Force             |
| NDB       |                                                    | nondirectional beacon                                 |
| NDCS      |                                                    | National Drug Control Strategy                        |
| NDDOC     |                                                    | North American Aerospace Defense Command and          |
|           | United States Northern Command Deployment and      |                                                       |
|           | Distribution Operations Cell                       |                                                       |
| NDHQ      |                                                    | National Defence Headquarters, Canada                 |
| NDIC      |                                                    | National Defense Intelligence College                 |
| NDMS      |                                                    | National Disaster Medical System (DHHS)               |
| NDP       |                                                    | national disclosure policy                            |
| NDPC      |                                                    | National Disclosure Policy Committee                  |
| NDRC      |                                                    | National Detainee Reporting Center                    |
| NDRF      |                                                    | National Defense Reserve Fleet                        |
| NDS       |                                                    | national defense strategy                             |
| NDSF      |                                                    | National Defense Sealift Fund                         |
| NDT       |                                                    | nuclear disablement team                              |
| NDU       |                                                    | National Defense University                           |
| NEA       |                                                    | Northeast Asia                                        |
| NEAT      |                                                    | naval embarked advisory team; nuclear employment      |
|           | augmentation team                                  |                                                       |
| NEC       |                                                    | National Economic Council                             |
| NECC      |                                                    | Navy Expeditionary Combat Command                     |
| NEIC      |                                                    | Navy Expeditionary Intelligence Command               |
| NELR      |                                                    | Navy expeditionary logistics regiment                 |
| NEO       |                                                    | noncombatant evacuation operation                     |
| NEOCC     |                                                    | noncombatant evacuation operation coordination center |
| NEP       |                                                    | National Exercise Program                             |
| NEPA      |                                                    | National Environmental Policy Act                     |
| NES       |                                                    | National Exploitation System                          |
| NEST      |                                                    | nuclear emergency support team (DOE)                  |
| NETWARCOM |                                                    | Naval Network Warfare Command                         |
| NEW       |                                                    | net explosive weight                                  |
| NFA       |                                                    | no-fire area                                          |
| NFC       |                                                    | numbered fleet commander                              |
| NFELC     |                                                    | Naval Facilities Expeditionary Logistics Center       |
| NFESC         |                                                   | Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center             |
|---------------|---------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
| NFI           |                                                   | national foreign intelligence                           |
| NFIB          |                                                   | National Foreign Intelligence Board                     |
| NFIP          |                                                   | National Flood Insurance Program (FEMA)                 |
| NFLS          |                                                   | naval forward logistic site                             |
| NG            |                                                   | National Guard                                          |
| NGA           |                                                   | National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency                 |
| NGB           |                                                   | National Guard Bureau                                   |
| NGB-OC        |                                                   | National Guard Bureau-Office of the Chaplain            |
| NGCC          |                                                   | National Guard Coordination Center                      |
| NGCDP         |                                                   | National Guard Counterdrug Program                      |
| NGCDP-State   |                                                   | National Guard Counterdrug Program-state                |
| NGCSP         |                                                   | National Guard Counterdrug Support Program              |
| NGDS          |                                                   | Net-Centric Geospatial-Intelligence Discovery Services; |
|               | Next Generation Delivery Service                  |                                                         |
| NGFS          |                                                   | naval gunfire support                                   |
| NGIC          |                                                   | National Ground Intelligence Center                     |
| NG-IFOG       |                                                   | National Guard Interoperability Field Operations Guide  |
| NG JFHQ-State |                                                   | National Guard joint force headquarters-state           |
| NGLO          |                                                   | naval gunfire liaison officer                           |
| NGO           |                                                   | nongovernmental organization                            |
| NGP           |                                                   | National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Program         |
| NHMD          |                                                   | National Human Intelligence Manager directive           |
| NIC           |                                                   | National Intelligence Council                           |
| NICC          |                                                   | National Intelligence Coordination Center               |
| NICCL         | National Incident Communications Conference Line  |                                                         |
| NICCP         |                                                   | National Interdiction Command and Control Plan          |
| NIH           |                                                   | National Institutes of Health (DHHS)                    |
| NIL           |                                                   | National Information Library                            |
| NIM           |                                                   | national intelligence manager                           |
| NIMS          |                                                   | National Incident Management System                     |
| NIOC          |                                                   | Navy Information Operations Command                     |
| NIP           |                                                   | National Intelligence Program                           |
| NIPF          |                                                   | National Intelligence Priorities Framework              |
| NIPRNET       |                                                   | Non-classified Internet Protocol Router Network         |
| NISP          |                                                   | national intelligence support plan                      |
| NIST          |                                                   | National Institute of Standards and Technology          |
| NIT           |                                                   | nuclear incident team                                   |
| NITF          |                                                   | national imagery transmission format                    |
| NJOIC         | National Joint Operations and Intelligence Center |                                                         |
| NJTTF         |                                                   | National Joint Terrorism Task Force (FBI)               |
| NKOCC         |                                                   | non-kinetic operations coordination cell (USAF)         |
| NLRP          |                                                   | nonlethal reference point                               |
| NLT           |                                                   | not later than                                          |
| NLW           |                                                   | nonlethal weapon                                        |
| nm            |                                                   | nautical mile                                           |
| NMA      |                                                           | non-mailable article                                    |
|----------|-----------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
| NMAWC    |                                                           | Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command           |
| NMC      |                                                           | Navy Munitions Command                                  |
| NMCB     |                                                           | naval mobile construction battalion                     |
| NMCC     |                                                           | National Military Command Center                        |
| NMCS     |                                                           | National Military Command System; not mission capable,  |
|          | supply                                                    |                                                         |
| NMCSO    |                                                           | Navy and Marine Corps spectrum office                   |
| NMEC     |                                                           | National Media Exploitation Center                      |
| NMIC     |                                                           | National Maritime Intelligence Center                   |
| NMIO     |                                                           | National Maritime Intelligence-Integration Office       |
| NMIST    |                                                           | National Military Intelligence Support Team (DIA)       |
| NMO      |                                                           | National Measurement and Signature Intelligence Office  |
| NMS      |                                                           | national military strategy                              |
| NMSA     |                                                           | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Mutual        |
|          | Support Act                                               |                                                         |
| NMSC     |                                                           | Navy and Marine Corps Spectrum Center                   |
| NMS-CO   |                                                           | National Military Strategy for Cyberspace Operations    |
| NMS-CWMD | National Military Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass      |                                                         |
|          | Destruction                                               |                                                         |
| NMSP-WOT | National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism |                                                         |
| NMT      |                                                           | national mission team                                   |
| NNSA     | National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE)            |                                                         |
| NNWC     |                                                           | Naval Network Warfare Command                           |
| NOAA     |                                                           | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (DOC)   |
| NOACT    |                                                           | Navy overseas air cargo terminal                        |
| NOC      |                                                           | National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Operation       |
|          | Center; National Operations Center (DHS); network         |                                                         |
|          | operations center                                         |                                                         |
| NOE      |                                                           | nap-of-the-Earth                                        |
| NOFORN   |                                                           | not releasable to foreign nationals                     |
| NOK      |                                                           | next of kin                                             |
| NOLSC    |                                                           | Naval Operational Logistics Support Center              |
| NOMWC    |                                                           | Navy Oceanographic Mine Warfare Center                  |
| non-CAAF | contractors not authorized to accompany the force         |                                                         |
| NORAD    |                                                           | North American Aerospace Defense Command                |
| NOSC     |                                                           | network operations and security center                  |
| NOSSA    |                                                           | Navy Ordnance Safety and Security Activity              |
| NOTAM    |                                                           | notice to airmen                                        |
| NPF      |                                                           | national planning framework                             |
| NPPD     |                                                           | National Protection and Programs Directorate (DHS)      |
| NPS      |                                                           | National Park Service; nonprior service                 |
| NPT      |                                                           | Nonproliferation Treaty                                 |
| NRAT     |                                                           |                                                         |
|          | nuclear/radiological advisory team                        |                                                         |
| NRC      |                                                           | National Response Center (USCG); non-unit-related cargo |
| NRCHB    |                                                           | Naval Reserve cargo-handling battalion                  |
|         | NRF                                                    | National Response Framework                                   |
|---------|--------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| NRG     |                                                        | notional requirements generator                               |
| NRO     |                                                        | National Reconnaissance Office                                |
| NRP     |                                                        | non-unit-related personnel                                    |
| NRT     |                                                        | near real time                                                |
| NSA     |                                                        | National Security Agency; national shipping authority;        |
|         | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)              |                                                               |
|         | Standardization Agency                                 |                                                               |
| NSABB   |                                                        | National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NIH)         |
| NSA/CSS |                                                        | National Security Agency/Central Security Service             |
| NSARC   |                                                        | National Search and Rescue Committee                          |
|         |                                                        |                                                               |
| NSAT    |                                                        | United States Northern Command situational awareness          |
|         | team                                                   |                                                               |
| NSAWC   |                                                        | Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center                           |
| NSC     |                                                        | National Security Council                                     |
| NSC/DC  |                                                        | National Security Council/Deputies Committee                  |
| NSC/IPC | National Security Council/interagency policy committee |                                                               |
| NSC/PC  |                                                        | National Security Council/Principals Committee                |
| NSCS    |                                                        | National Security Council System                              |
| NSD     |                                                        | National Security Directive; National Security Division (FBI) |
| NSDD    |                                                        | national security decision directive                          |
| NSDM    |                                                        | national security decision memorandum                         |
| NSE     |                                                        | national support element; Navy support element                |
| NS/EP   |                                                        | national security and emergency preparedness                  |
| NSF     |                                                        | national security forces; National Strike Force (USCG)        |
| NSFS    |                                                        | naval surface fire support                                    |
| NSG     |                                                        | National System for Geospatial Intelligence                   |
| NSHS    |                                                        | National Strategy for Homeland Security                       |
| NSL     |                                                        | no-strike list                                                |
| NSMS    |                                                        | National Strategy for Maritime Security                       |
| NSN     |                                                        | national stock number                                         |
| NSOC    |                                                        | National Security Operations Center                           |
| NSP     |                                                        | National Search and Rescue Plan                               |
| NSPA    |                                                        | North Atlantic Treaty Organization Support and                |
|         | Procurement Agency                                     |                                                               |
| NSPD    |                                                        | national security Presidential directive                      |
| NSPI    | National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza               |                                                               |
| NSPM    |                                                        | national security Presidential memorandum                     |
| NSS     |                                                        | National Search and Rescue Supplement; national security      |
|         | strategy; national security system                     |                                                               |
| NSSE    |                                                        | national special security event                               |
| NST     |                                                        | National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency support team;         |
|         | national support team                                  |                                                               |
| NSTAC   |                                                        | National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee       |
| NSTS    |                                                        | National Secure Telephone System                              |
| NSW     |                                                        | naval special warfare                                         |
| NSWCDD  |                                                        | Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division                |
| NSWC IHEODTD   |                                             | Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Explosive     |
|----------------|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
|                | Ordnance Disposal Technology Division       |                                                         |
| NSWTF          |                                             | naval special warfare task force                        |
| NSWTG          |                                             | naval special warfare task group                        |
| NSWTU          |                                             | naval special warfare task unit                         |
| NTA            |                                             | nontraditional agent                                    |
| NTACS          |                                             | Navy tactical air control system                        |
| NTIA           | National Telecommunications and Information |                                                         |
|                | Administration (DOC)                        |                                                         |
| NTRP           |                                             | Navy tactical reference publication                     |
| NTS            |                                             | noncombatant evacuation operation tracking system       |
| NTSB           |                                             | National Transportation Safety Board                    |
| NTTP           |                                             | Navy tactics, techniques, and procedures                |
| NUC            |                                             | non-unit-related cargo                                  |
| NUDET          |                                             | nuclear detonation                                      |
| NUFEA          |                                             | Navy-unique fleet essential aircraft                    |
| NURP           |                                             | non-unit-related personnel                              |
| NVD            |                                             | night-vision device                                     |
| NVDT           |                                             | National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency voluntary       |
|                | deployment team                             |                                                         |
| NVG            |                                             | night-vision goggle                                     |
| NVOAD          |                                             | National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster     |
| NWDC           |                                             | Navy Warfare Development Command                        |
| NWP            |                                             | Navy warfare publication                                |
| NWS            |                                             | National Weather Service                                |
| NZ             |                                             | New Zealand                                             |
|                |                                             |                                                         |


Intentionally Blank


1MC
general announcing system
1NCD
1st Naval Construction Division
O&I
operations and intelligence
O&M
operation and maintenance
OA
objective area; operational area
OAE
operational area evaluation
OAF
Operation ALLIED FORCE
OAFME
Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner
OAI
oceanographic area of interest
OAM
Office of Air and Marine (DHS)
OAP
offset aimpoint
OAS
offensive air support; Organization of American States
OASD
Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense
OASD(NII/CIO)
Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks

 and Information Integration/Chief Information Officer)
OASD(RA)
Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs)
OAU
Organization of African Unity
O/B
outboard
OB
order of battle; overcome by
OBA
Office of Biotechnology Activities (NIH); oxygen

 breathing apparatus
OBFS
offshore bulk fuel system
OBIM
Office of Biometric Identity Management (DHS)
OBP
object-based production
OCA
offensive counterair; operational control authority
OCBD
Office of Capacity Building and Development (USDA)
OCCA
ocean cargo clearance authority
OCDETF
Organized Crime and Drug Enforcement Task Force
OCHA
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
OCIE
organizational clothing and individual equipment
OCJCS
Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
OCO
offensive cyberspace operations; offload control officer
OCONUS
outside the continental United States
OCP
operational capability package
OCS
operational contract support
OCSIC
operational contract support integration cell
OCU
offload control unit
ODC
Office of Defense Cooperation
ODCSLOG
Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics (USA)
ODNI
Office of the Director of National Intelligence
OE
operational environment
OE&AS
organization for embarkation and assignment to shipping
OEBGD
Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document
OEC
Office of Emergency Communications (DHS)
| OECD        |                                                         | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development      |     |
|-------------|---------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|-----|
| OEF         |                                                         | Operation ENDURING FREEDOM                                  |     |
| OEG         |                                                         | operational experts group; operational exposure guidance;   |     |
|             | operations security executive group                     |                                                             |     |
| OEH         |                                                         | occupational and environmental health                       |     |
| OER         |                                                         | officer evaluation report                                   |     |
| OES         |                                                         | office of emergency services                                |     |
| OFAC        | Office of Foreign Assets Control (Treasury)             |                                                             |     |
| OFCO        |                                                         | offensive counterintelligence operation                     |     |
| OFDA        |                                                         | Office of United States Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID) |     |
| OHDACA      | Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid (DSCA)   |                                                             |     |
| OHDM        | Office of Humanitarian Assistance, Disaster Relief, and |                                                             |     |
|             | Mine Action                                             |                                                             |     |
| OI          |                                                         | operating instruction; operational interest                 |     |
| OIA         |                                                         | Office of Insular Affairs (DOI); Office of International    |     |
|             | Affairs (Treasury)                                      |                                                             |     |
| OIC         |                                                         | officer in charge                                           |     |
| OICC        |                                                         | officer in charge of construction                           |     |
| OIF         |                                                         | Operation IRAQI FREEDOM                                     |     |
| OIIL        |                                                         | Office of Intelligence and Investigative Liaison (CBP)      |     |
| OIR         |                                                         | other intelligence requirements                             |     |
| OJT         |                                                         | on-the-job training                                         |     |
| OLEM        |                                                         | Office of Land and Emergency Management (EPA)               |     |
| OMA         |                                                         | Office of Military Affairs (CIA and USAID)                  |     |
| OMB         |                                                         | Office of Management and Budget                             |     |
| OMC         |                                                         | office of military cooperation                              |     |
| OMSPH       |                                                         | Office of Medicine, Science, and Public Health (DHHS)       |     |
| ONDCP       |                                                         | Office of National Drug Control Policy                      |     |
| ONE         |                                                         | Operation NOBLE EAGLE                                       |     |
| ONI         |                                                         | Office of Naval Intelligence                                |     |
| OOB         |                                                         | order of battle                                             |     |
| OODA        |                                                         | observe, orient, decide, act                                |     |
| OOS         |                                                         | out of service                                              |     |
| OP          |                                                         | observation post; ordnance publication                      |     |
| OPC         |                                                         | Ocean Prediction Center (DOC)                               |     |
| OPCON       |                                                         | operational control                                         |     |
| OPDAT       |                                                         | Office of Overseas Prosecutorial Development,               |     |
|             | Assistance, and Training (DOJ)                          |                                                             |     |
| OPDEC       |                                                         | operational deception                                       |     |
| OPDS        |                                                         | offshore petroleum discharge system (USN)                   |     |
| OPDS-Future |                                                         | offshore petroleum discharge system-future (USN)            |     |
| OPDS-L      |                                                         | offshore petroleum discharge system-legacy (USN)            |     |
| OPE         | operational preparation of the environment              |                                                             |     |
| OPELINT     |                                                         | operational electronic intelligence                         |     |
| OPEO        |                                                         |                                                             |     |
|             | Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations (DHHS)  |                                                             |     |
| OPFOR       |                                                         | opposing force; opposition force                            |     |
| OPG           |                                     | operations planning group                            |
|---------------|-------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| OPGEN         |                                     | operation general matter                             |
| OPIR          |                                     | overhead persistent infrared                         |
| OPLAN         |                                     | operation plan                                       |
| OPLAW         |                                     | operational law                                      |
| OPM           |                                     | Office of Personnel Management                       |
| OPMG          |                                     | Office of the Provost Marshal General                |
| OPNAV         |                                     | Office of the Chief of Naval Operations              |
| OPNAVINST     |                                     | Chief of Naval Operations instruction                |
| OPORD         |                                     | operation order                                      |
| OPP           |                                     | off-load preparation party; orderwire patch panel    |
| OPR           |                                     | office of primary responsibility                     |
| OPREP         |                                     | operational report                                   |
| OPROJ         | operational project                 |                                                      |
| OPS           |                                     | operational project stock                            |
| OPSDEPS       |                                     | Service Operations Deputies                          |
| OPSEC         |                                     | operations security                                  |
| OPSTK         |                                     | operational stock                                    |
| OPT           |                                     | operational planning team                            |
| OPTAR         |                                     | operating target                                     |
| OPTASK        |                                     | operational tasking (message); operation task        |
| OPTASK AMPHIB |                                     | operational tasking amphibious message               |
| OPTASK COMM   |                                     | operational tasking communication (message) (USN)    |
| OPTASKLINK    |                                     | operations task link                                 |
| OPTEMPO       |                                     | operating tempo                                      |
| OR            |                                     | operational readiness                                |
| ORBAT         |                                     | order of battle                                      |
| ORD           |                                     | Office of Research and Development (EPA)             |
| ORM           |                                     | operational risk management                          |
| ORP           |                                     | ocean reception point                                |
| ORS           |                                     | operationally responsive space                       |
| ORSA          |                                     | operations research and systems analysis             |
| OS            |                                     | operating stocks; operating system                   |
| OSA           |                                     | operational support airlift                          |
| OSC           |                                     | offensive space control; on-scene commander; on-site |
|               | commander; Open Source Center (CIA) |                                                      |
| OSCE          |                                     | Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe  |
| OSD           |                                     | Office of the Secretary of Defense                   |
| OSD/DMDPO     |                                     | Office of the Secretary of Defense, Defense Military |
|               | Deception Program Office            |                                                      |
| OSE           |                                     | operations support element                           |
| OSEI          |                                     | operational significant event imagery                |
| OSINT         |                                     | open-source information; open-source intelligence    |
| OSM           |                                     | Office of Spectrum Management (NTIA)                 |
| OSOCC         |                                     | on-site operations coordination center               |
| OSR           |                                     | on-station report                                    |
|             | OT&E                                  |                                                          | operational test and evaluation    |
|-------------|---------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------|
| OTA         |                                       | Office of Technical Assistance (Treasury)                |                                    |
| OTC         |                                       | officer in tactical command; over the counter            |                                    |
| OTERA       |                                       | organize, train, equip, rebuild/build, and advise        |                                    |
| OTH         |                                       | over the horizon                                         |                                    |
| OTI         |                                       | Office of Transition Initiatives (USAID)                 |                                    |
| OUB         |                                       | offshore petroleum discharge system utility boat         |                                    |
| OUSD        |                                       | Office of the Under Secretary of Defense                 |                                    |
| OUSD(A&S)   |                                       | Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition |                                    |
|             | and Sustainment                       |                                                          |                                    |
| OUSD(C)     |                                       | Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)   |                                    |
| OUSD(C/CFO) |                                       | Office of the Under Secretary of Defense                 |                                    |
|             | (Comptroller/Chief Financial Officer) |                                                          |                                    |
| OUSD(I)     |                                       | Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Intelligence)  |                                    |
| OUSD(P)     |                                       | Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy      |                                    |
| OVM         |                                       | Operation VIGILANT MARINER                               |                                    |
| OWS         |                                       | operational weather squadron                             |                                    |
|             |                                       |                                                          |                                    |
P
publication
PA
physician assistant; primary agency; probability of arrival;

 public affairs
PACAF
Pacific Air Forces
PAD
patient administration director
PADD
person authorized to direct disposition of human remains
PAG
public affairs guidance
PALCON
pallet container
PAM
preventive and aerospace medicine
PaM
passage material
PAO
public affairs office; public affairs officer
PAR
population at risk
PARS
Personnel Accountability Reporting System
PAWS
phased array warning system
PAX
passengers; public affairs plans
PB
peace building
PB4T
planning board for training
PBA
performance-based agreement; production base analysis
PBIED
person-borne improvised explosive device
PBOS
Planning Board for Ocean Shipping
PBR
program and budget review
PC
patrol craft; preliminary coordination; Principals

 Committee
PC&S
post, camp, and station
PCA
Posse Comitatus Act
PCASS
Preliminary Credibility Assessment Screening System
PCC
police contributing country; policy coordination

 committee
PCO
primary control officer; procuring contracting officer
PCOF
Patient Condition Occurrence Frequency
PCRTS
primary casualty receiving and treatment ship
PCS
permanent change of station; primary control ship
PCTC
pure car and truck carrier
PD
position description; priority designator; probability of

 damage; probability of detection; program directive
PDA
preliminary damage assessment
PDAL
prioritized defended asset list
PDC
Pacific Disaster Center
PDD
Presidential decision directive
PDF
portable data file
PDSS
predeployment site survey
PDT
partnership development team
PDUSD(A&S)
Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for

 Acquisition and Sustainment
| PDUSD(P&R)                    |                                             | Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and     |
|-------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|
|                               | Readiness)                                  |                                                                |
| PE                            |                                             | personal effects; preparation of the environment; program      |
|                               | element                                     |                                                                |
| PECC                          |                                             | patient evacuation coordination cell                           |
| PED                           | processing, exploitation, and dissemination |                                                                |
| PEO                           |                                             | peace enforcement operations; program executive office         |
| PEP                           |                                             | personnel exchange program                                     |
| PERMA                         |                                             | planning, embarkation, rehearsal, movement, and action         |
| PERMREP                       |                                             | permanent representative (NATO)                                |
| PERSCO                        |                                             | personnel support for contingency operations                   |
| PFA                           |                                             | primary federal agency                                         |
| PFDB                          |                                             | planning factors database                                      |
| PFG                           |                                             | Preferred Force Generation                                     |
| PFO                           |                                             | principal federal official                                     |
| PfP                           |                                             | Partnership for Peace (NATO)                                   |
| PGI                           |                                             | procedures, guidance, and information                          |
| PGM                           |                                             | precision-guided munition                                      |
| PHEO                          |                                             | public health emergency officer                                |
| PHIBCB                        |                                             | amphibious construction battalion                              |
| PHIBOP                        |                                             | amphibious operation                                           |
| PHIBRON                       |                                             | amphibious squadron                                            |
| PHIT                          |                                             | port handling/in-land transportation                           |
| PI                            |                                             | pandemic influenza; point of impact; purposeful                |
|                               | interference                                |                                                                |
| P                             |                                             |                                                                |
| i                             |                                             |                                                                |
| probability of incapacitation |                                             |                                                                |
| PI&ID                         |                                             | pandemic influenza and infectious disease                      |
| PIAB                          |                                             | President's Intelligence Advisory Board                        |
| PIC                           |                                             | payment in cash                                                |
| PID                           |                                             | plan identification number; positive identification            |
| PII                           |                                             | pre-incident indicators                                        |
| PIO                           |                                             | public information officer                                     |
| PIR                           |                                             | priority intelligence requirement                              |
| PIREP                         |                                             | pilot report                                                   |
| PIRT                          |                                             | purposeful interference response team                          |
| PISA                          |                                             | post isolation support activity                                |
| PIT                           |                                             | platform information technology                                |
| PIU                           |                                             | patient isolation unit                                         |
| PJ                            |                                             | pararescue jumper                                              |
| PK                            |                                             | probability of kill                                            |
| PKB                           |                                             | purple kill box                                                |
| PKO                           |                                             | peacekeeping operations                                        |
| PKSOI                         |                                             | Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute                |
| PL                            |                                             | phase line                                                     |
| PLA                           |                                             | post-launch abort                                              |
| PLAD                          |                                             | plain language address directory                               |
| PLANORD   |                                                         | planning order                                           |
|-----------|---------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| PLB       |                                                         | personal locator beacon                                  |
| PLS       |                                                         | palletized load system                                   |
| PLT       |                                                         | platoon                                                  |
| PM        |                                                         | Bureau of Political-Military Affairs (DOS); patient      |
|           | movement; peacemaking; preventive medicine; program     |                                                          |
|           | management; program manager; provost marshal            |                                                          |
| PMA       |                                                         | political/military assessment                            |
| PMC       |                                                         | passenger, mail, and cargo; private military company     |
| PMCF      |                                                         | post maintenance check flight                            |
| PME       |                                                         | professional military education                          |
| PMESII    | political, military, economic, social, information, and |                                                          |
|           | infrastructure                                          |                                                          |
| PMGM      |                                                         | program manager's guidance memorandum                    |
| PMI       |                                                         | patient movement item; prevention of mutual interference |
| PMI-ATS   |                                                         | Patient Movement Items-Asset Tracking System             |
| PMITS     | Patient Movement Item Tracking System                   |                                                          |
| PMO       |                                                         | production management office(r); program management      |
|           | office                                                  |                                                          |
| PMR       |                                                         | patient movement request; patient movement requirement   |
| PMRC      |                                                         | patient movement requirements center                     |
| PN        |                                                         | partner nation                                           |
| PNA       |                                                         | postal net alert                                         |
| PNAF      |                                                         | prime nuclear airlift force                              |
| PNT       |                                                         | positioning, navigation, and timing                      |
| PO        |                                                         | peace operations; petty officer                          |
| POA       |                                                         | plan of action                                           |
| POB       |                                                         | persons on board                                         |
| POC       |                                                         | point of contact                                         |
| POCD      |                                                         | port operations cargo detachment                         |
| POD       |                                                         | plan of the day; port of debarkation; probability of     |
|           | detection                                               |                                                          |
| POE       |                                                         | port of embarkation; port of entry                       |
| POES      |                                                         | polar operational environment satellite                  |
| POF       |                                                         | priority of fires                                        |
| POG       |                                                         | port operations group; psychological operations group    |
| POI       |                                                         | person of interest; point of injury                      |
| POL       |                                                         | petroleum, oils, and lubricants                          |
| POLAD     |                                                         | policy advisor; political advisor                        |
| POLCAP    |                                                         | bulk petroleum capabilities report                       |
| POLMIL    |                                                         | political-military                                       |
| POM       |                                                         | program objective memorandum                             |
| PORTSIM   |                                                         | port simulation model                                    |
| POS       |                                                         | point of sale; Point-of-Service; probability of success  |
| POTUS     |                                                         | President of the United States                           |
| POV       |                                                         |                                                          |
|           | privately owned vehicle                                 |                                                          |
| POW        |                                           | prisoner of war                                                 |
|------------|-------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| POW/MIA    |                                           | prisoner of war/missing in action                               |
| PPAG       |                                           | proposed public affairs guidance                                |
| PPBE       |                                           | Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution                 |
| PPD        |                                           | Presidential policy directive                                   |
| PPE        |                                           | personal protective equipment                                   |
| PPF        |                                           | personnel processing file                                       |
| PPLI       |                                           | precise participant location and identification                 |
| PPTO       | petroleum pipeline and terminal operating |                                                                 |
| PPW        |                                           | patient protective wrap                                         |
| PR         |                                           | personnel recovery; Phoenix Raven; preliminary review;          |
|            | production requirement; program review    |                                                                 |
| PRA        |                                           | patient reception area; primary review authority                |
| PRAP       |                                           | Personnel Reliability Assurance Program                         |
| PRC        |                                           | populace and resources control; Presidential Reserve Call-      |
|            | up; primary receiving center              |                                                                 |
| PRCC       |                                           | personnel recovery coordination cell; personnel recovery        |
|            | coordination center                       |                                                                 |
| PRCS       |                                           | personnel recovery coordination section                         |
| PRD        |                                           | personnel readiness division; Presidential review directive     |
| PRDO       |                                           | personnel recovery duty officer                                 |
| PREPO      |                                           | pre-positioned force, equipment, or supplies; pre-              |
|            | positioning                               |                                                                 |
| PREREP     |                                           | pre-arrival report                                              |
| PRF        |                                           | pulse repetition frequency                                      |
| PRG        |                                           | personnel recovery guidance                                     |
| Prime BEEF |                                           | prime base engineer emergency force                             |
| PRISM      |                                           | Planning Tool for Resource, Integration, Synchronization,       |
|            | and Management                            |                                                                 |
| PRM        |                                           | Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (DOS)             |
| PRMS       |                                           | personnel recovery mission software                             |
| PRMx       |                                           | production requirements matrix                                  |
| PROVORG    |                                           | providing organization                                          |
| prowords   |                                           | procedure words                                                 |
| PRP        |                                           | Personnel Retrieval and Processing                              |
| PRRP       |                                           | personnel recovery reference product                            |
| PRT        |                                           | patient reception team; provincial reconstruction team          |
| PRTF       |                                           | personnel recovery task force                                   |
| PS         |                                           | port security                                                   |
| PSA        |                                           | port support activity; primary staff assistant; principal staff |
|            | assistant                                 |                                                                 |
| PSC        |                                           | private security contractor                                     |
| PSD        |                                           | port security detachment                                        |
| PSI        |                                           | Proliferation Security Initiative                               |
| psi        |                                           | pounds per square inch                                          |
| PSO        |                                           | peace support operations (NATO); post security officer          |
|          | PSS                      |                                                          | personnel services support    |
|----------|--------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|
| PSS-SOF  |                          | Precision Strike Suite-Special Operations Forces         |                               |
| P-STATIC |                          | precipitation static                                     |                               |
| PSU      |                          | port security unit                                       |                               |
| PSYOP    |                          | psychological operations (forces)                        |                               |
| PTDO     |                          | prepare to deploy order                                  |                               |
| PTL      |                          | pointer-to-target line                                   |                               |
| PTM      |                          | personnel transport module                               |                               |
| PTTI     |                          | precise time and time interval                           |                               |
| Pu-239   |                          | plutonium-239                                            |                               |
| Pu-240   |                          | plutonium-240                                            |                               |
| PV       |                          | prime vendor                                             |                               |
| PVNTMED  |                          | preventive medicine                                      |                               |
| PVT      |                          | positioning, velocity, and timing                        |                               |
| PWCS     |                          | port, waterways, and coastal security                    |                               |
| PWG      | protection working group |                                                          |                               |
| PWRM     |                          | pre-positioned war reserve materiel                      |                               |
| PWRR     |                          | pre-positioned war  reserve requirements                 |                               |
| PWRS     |                          | petroleum war reserve stocks; pre-positioned war reserve |                               |
|          | stock                    |                                                          |                               |
| PWT      |                          | precision weapons team                                   |                               |
|          |                          |                                                          |                               |
|          |                          |                                                          |                               |


Intentionally Blank


QA
quality assurance
QAR
quality assurance representative
QAT
quality assurance team
QC
quality control
QDR
quadrennial defense review
QHDA
qualified hazardous duty area
QIP
quick impact project
QM
quartermaster
QOL
quality of life
QRF
quick reaction force; quick response force
QRP
quick response posture
QS
quality surveillance
QSTAG
quadripartite standardization agreement
QUADCON
quadruple container


Intentionally Blank

## R

R&D
research and development
R&R
rest and recuperation
R&S
reconstruction and stabilization
R2P2
rapid response planning process
RA
response action; risk analysis
RAC-OT
readiness assessment system - output tool
RAD
routine aerial distribution
RADBN
radio battalion
RADC
regional air defense commander
RADCON
radiological control team
RAF
Royal Air Force (UK)
RAM
raised angle marker; random antiterrorism measure;

 rockets, artillery, and mortars
RAMCC
regional air movement control center
RAP
Radiological Assistance Program (DOE)
RAS-OT
readiness assessment system-output tool
RATE
refine, adapt, terminate, execute
RBA
reimbursable budget authority
RBC
red blood cell
RC
Reserve Component; resident coordinator (UN)
RCA
riot control agent
RCAT
Rapid Course of Action Analysis Tool
RCC
regional contracting center; rescue coordination center
RCD
regional collection detachment
RCEM
regional contingency engineering management
RCIED
radio-controlled improvised explosive device
RCM
Rules for Courts-Martial
RCMP
Royal Canadian Mounted Police
RCO
regional contracting office
RCP
regional campaign plan
RCT
regimental combat team; rescue coordination team (USN)
RDCFP
Regional Defense Counterterrorism Fellowship Program
RDCTFP
Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship

 Program
RDD
radiological dispersal device; required delivery date
RDO
request for deployment order
RDT&E
research, development, test, and evaluation
REA
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment
REAC/TS
radiation emergency assistance center/training site (DOE)
RED
radiological exposure device
RED HORSE
rapid engineer deployable heavy operational repair

 squadron engineer
REF
Rapid Equipping Force (USA)
REPOL
bulk petroleum contingency report
|         | REPUNIT                                          |                                                        | reporting unit     |
|---------|--------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| RES     |                                                  | radiation exposure status                              |                    |
| RESCAP  |                                                  | rescue combat air patrol                               |                    |
| RESCORT |                                                  | rescue escort                                          |                    |
| RESPROD |                                                  | responsible production                                 |                    |
| RF      |                                                  | radio frequency; reserve force                         |                    |
| RFA     |                                                  | request for assistance; restrictive fire area          |                    |
| RFC     |                                                  | request for capabilities; revision final coordination  |                    |
| RF CM   |                                                  | radio frequency countermeasures                        |                    |
| RFD     |                                                  | revision first draft                                   |                    |
| RFF     |                                                  | request for feedback; request for forces               |                    |
| RFI     |                                                  | radio frequency interference; request for information  |                    |
| RFID    |                                                  | radio frequency identification                         |                    |
| RFL     |                                                  | restrictive fire line                                  |                    |
| RFP     |                                                  | request for proposal                                   |                    |
| RFS     |                                                  | request for service; request for sourcing; request for |                    |
|         | support                                          |                                                        |                    |
| RGS     |                                                  | remote geospatial intelligence services                |                    |
| Rh      |                                                  | Rhesus                                                 |                    |
| Rh(D)   |                                                  | Rhesus (D antigen)                                     |                    |
| RHIB    |                                                  | rigid hull inflatable boat                             |                    |
| RICO    |                                                  | regional interface control officer                     |                    |
| RIK     |                                                  | replacement in kind                                    |                    |
| RLT     |                                                  | regimental landing team                                |                    |
| RM      |                                                  | ramp module; records management; recovery              |                    |
|         | mechanism; resource; management; risk management |                                                        |                    |
| RMC     |                                                  | rescue mission commander                               |                    |
| RMP     |                                                  | religious ministry professional                        |                    |
| RMT     |                                                  | response management team                               |                    |
| RNIFC   |                                                  | Regional Narcotics Interagency Fusion Cell             |                    |
|         | (USCENTCOM)                                      |                                                        |                    |
| ROC     |                                                  | rehearsal of concept                                   |                    |
| ROE     |                                                  | rules of engagement                                    |                    |
| ROICC   |                                                  | resident officer in charge of construction             |                    |
| ROK     |                                                  | Republic of Korea                                      |                    |
| ROM     |                                                  | restriction of movement; rough order of magnitude      |                    |
| ROMO    |                                                  | range of military operations                           |                    |
| RON     |                                                  | remain overnight                                       |                    |
| RO/RO   |                                                  | roll-on/roll-off                                       |                    |
| ROS     |                                                  | reduced operating status                               |                    |
| ROTC    |                                                  | Reserve Officer Training Corps                         |                    |
| ROWPU   |                                                  | reverse osmosis water purification unit                |                    |
| ROZ     |                                                  | restricted operations zone                             |                    |
| RP      |                                                  | red phosphorus; religious program specialist; retained |                    |
|         | personnel                                        |                                                        |                    |
| RPG     | rocket-propelled grenade                         |                                                        |                    |
| RPM     |                                           | revolutions per minute                                 |     |
|---------|-------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|-----|
| RPO     |                                           | rendezvous and proximity operations                    |     |
| RPOE    |                                           | rapid port opening element                             |     |
| RQT     |                                           | rapid query tool                                       |     |
| RR      |                                           | reattack recommendation                                |     |
| RRCC    |                                           | regional response coordination center                  |     |
| RRDF    |                                           | roll-on/roll-off discharge facility                    |     |
| RRF     |                                           | rapid response force; Ready Reserve Force              |     |
| RRS     |                                           | remote replication system                              |     |
| RS      |                                           | religious support                                      |     |
| RSC     |                                           | regional service center; rescue sub-center             |     |
| RSE     |                                           | retrograde support element                             |     |
| RSF     |                                           | recovery support function                              |     |
| RSI     |                                           | rationalization, standardization, and interoperability |     |
| RSN     |                                           | role specialist nation                                 |     |
| RSO     |                                           | reception, staging, and onward movement; regional      |     |
|         | security officer; remote split operations |                                                        |     |
| RSOF    |                                           | routing and safety of flight                           |     |
| RSOI    |                                           | reception, staging, onward movement, and integration   |     |
| RSS     |                                           | really simple syndication                              |     |
| RSSC    |                                           | regional space support center                          |     |
| RSSC-LO |                                           | regional space support center liaison officer          |     |
| RST     |                                           | religious support team                                 |     |
| RSTA    |                                           | reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition   |     |
| RT      |                                           | recovery team; rough terrain                           |     |
| RTB     |                                           | return to base                                         |     |
| RTCC    |                                           | rough terrain container crane                          |     |
| RTCH    |                                           | rough terrain container handler                        |     |
| RTD     |                                           | returned to duty                                       |     |
| RTF     |                                           | return to force                                        |     |
| RTL     |                                           | restricted target list                                 |     |
| RTSO    |                                           | real-time spectrum operations                          |     |
| RUF     |                                           | rules for the use of force                             |     |
| RV      |                                           | rendezvous                                             |     |
| RW      | rotary-wing                               |                                                        |     |
| RWR     |                                           | radar warning receiver                                 |     |
|         |                                           |                                                        |     |
|         |                                           |                                                        |     |


Intentionally Blank

618 AOC (TACC)
618th Air Operations Center (Tanker Airlift Control

 Center)
S&R
search and recovery
S&T
science and technology; scientific and technical
S&TI
scientific and technical intelligence
S-1
battalion or brigade manpower and personnel staff

 officer; personnel officer/personnel office (USMC)
S-2
battalion or brigade intelligence staff officer (USA);

 intelligence officer/intelligence office (USMC)
S-3
battalion or brigade operations staff officer (USA);

 operations and training officer/operations and training

 office (USMC)
SA
security assistance; situational awareness; staging area
SAA
senior airfield authority
SAAFR
standard use Army aircraft flight route
SAAM
special assignment airlift mission
SAC
special actions cell; Strategic Airlift Capability; supporting

 arms coordinator
SACC
supporting arms coordination center
SACEUR
Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (NATO)
SACT
Supreme Allied Commander Transformation
SADC
sector air defense commander
SADL
situation awareness data link
SADO
senior air defense officer
SAFE
secure analyst file environment; selected area for evasion;

 sexual assault forensic examination
SAG
surface action group
SALM
single-anchor leg mooring
SALT
supporting arms liaison team
SAM
surface-to-air missile
SAO
security assistance office; security assistance officer
SAP
special access program
SAPO
subarea petroleum office
SAPR
sexual assault prevention and response
SAR
satellite access request; search and rescue; special access

 requirement; suspicious activity report; synthetic

 aperture radar
SARC
sexual assault response coordinator
SARDOT
search and rescue point
SARIR
search and rescue incident report
SAROPS
Search and Rescue Optimal Planning System
SARREQ
search and rescue request
SARSAT
search and rescue satellite-aided tracking
SARSIT
search and rescue situation summary report
| SATCOM   |                                                      | satellite communications                               |
|----------|------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| SAWG     |                                                      | strategic assessment working group                     |
| SBACP    |                                                      | Southern Border and Approaches Campaign Plan (DHS)     |
| SBCT     |                                                      | Stryker brigade combat team                            |
| SBU      |                                                      | sensitive but unclassified                             |
| SC       |                                                      | security cooperation                                   |
| SCA      |                                                      | sociocultural analysis; space coordinating authority;  |
|          | support to civil administration                      |                                                        |
| SCAR     |                                                      | strike coordination and reconnaissance                 |
| SCC      |                                                      | Service component command; service cryptologic         |
|          | component; Service cyberspace component; shipping    |                                                        |
|          | coordination center                                  |                                                        |
| SCC-WMD  | United States Strategic Command Center for Combating |                                                        |
|          | Weapons of Mass Destruction                          |                                                        |
| SCF(US)  |                                                      | Save the Children Federation (United States)           |
| SCG      |                                                      | Security Cooperation Guidance                          |
| SCHBT    |                                                      | shape, clear, hold, build, and transition              |
| SCI      |                                                      | sensitive compartmented information                    |
| SCIF     |                                                      | sensitive compartmented information facility           |
| SCL      |                                                      | standard conventional load                             |
| SCM      |                                                      | security countermeasure; Service container manager     |
| SCO      |                                                      | secondary control officer; security cooperation        |
|          | organization; senior contracting official;  state    |                                                        |
|          | coordinating officer                                 |                                                        |
| SCP      |                                                      | security cooperation plan; service control point       |
| SCRM     |                                                      | supply chain risk management                           |
| S/CRS    |                                                      | Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and       |
|          | Stabilization (DOS)                                  |                                                        |
| SCT      |                                                      | shipping coordination team                             |
| S/CT     |                                                      | Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (DOS)   |
| SD       | severe damage; strategy division                     |                                                        |
| SDA      |                                                      | senior development advisor                             |
| SDB      |                                                      | Satellite Communications Database; small diameter bomb |
| SDDC     |                                                      | Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command   |
| SDDCTEA  |                                                      | Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command   |
|          | Transportation Engineering Agency                    |                                                        |
| SDF      |                                                      | self defense force                                     |
| SDO      |                                                      | senior defense official; ship's debarkation officer    |
| SDOB     |                                                      | Secretary of Defense Orders Book                       |
| SDO/DATT | senior defense official/defense attache              |                                                        |
| SDP      |                                                      | strategic distribution plan                            |
| SDP&M    |                                                      | sustainment distribution planning and management       |
| SDZ      |                                                      | self-defense zone                                      |
| SE       | site exploitation;                                   |                                                        |
| SEA      |                                                      | ships' bunkers easy acquisition; Southeast Asia        |
| Seabee   |                                                      | Navy construction engineer                             |
| SEAD       |                                  | suppression of enemy air defenses                         |
|------------|----------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| SEC        |                                  | submarine element coordinator                             |
| SECAF      |                                  | Secretary of the Air Force                                |
| SECARMY    |                                  | Secretary of the Army                                     |
| SecDef     |                                  | Secretary of Defense                                      |
| SECDHS     |                                  | Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security          |
| SECHS      |                                  | Secretary of Homeland Security                            |
| SECNAV     |                                  | Secretary of the Navy                                     |
| SECNAVINST |                                  | Secretary of the Navy instruction                         |
| SECOMP     |                                  | secure en route communications package                    |
| SECSTATE   |                                  | Secretary of State                                        |
| SECTRANS   |                                  | Secretary of Transportation                               |
| SEF        |                                  | sealift enhancement feature                               |
| SEL        | senior enlisted leader           |                                                           |
| SELEC      |                                  | Southeast European Law Enforcement Center                 |
| SEMA       |                                  | special electronic mission aircraft                       |
| SEPLO      |                                  | state emergency preparedness liaison officer              |
| SERE       |                                  | survival, evasion, resistance, and escape                 |
| SES        |                                  | senior executive service                                  |
| SEW        |                                  | shared early warning                                      |
| SEWOC      |                                  | signals intelligence/electronic warfare operations centre |
|            | (NATO)                           |                                                           |
| SF         |                                  | special forces; standard form                             |
| SFA        | security force assistance        |                                                           |
| SFAF       |                                  | standard frequency action format                          |
| SFAT       |                                  | spectrum flyaway team                                     |
| SFC        |                                  | single-fuel concept                                       |
| SFCP       |                                  | shore fire control party                                  |
| SFG        |                                  | special forces group                                      |
| SFMS       |                                  | special forces medical sergeant                           |
| SFODB      |                                  | Special Forces Operational Detachment-Bravo               |
| SFOR       |                                  | Stabilization Force                                       |
| SG         |                                  | steering group; surgeon general                           |
| SGS        |                                  | strategic guidance statement                              |
| SGXM       |                                  | Headquarters, Air Mobility Command/Surgeon                |
| SHAPE      |                                  | Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers, Europe                |
| SHF        |                                  | super-high frequency                                      |
| SHORAD     |                                  | short-range air defense                                   |
| SHORADEZ   |                                  | short-range air defense engagement zone                   |
| SI         |                                  | United States Strategic Command strategic instruction     |
| SIC        |                                  | supporting intelligence center                            |
| SICO       |                                  | sector interface control officer                          |
| SIDO       | senior intelligence duty officer |                                                           |
| SIF        |                                  | selective identification feature                          |
| SIGCON     |                                  | signature control                                         |
| SIGINT     |                                  | signals intelligence                                      |
| SIM       |                                      | system impact message                                         |
|-----------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| SIMLM     |                                      | single integrated medical logistics manager                   |
| SINCGARS  |                                      | single-channel ground and airborne radio system               |
| SIO       |                                      | senior intelligence officer                                   |
| SIOC      |                                      | Strategic Information and Operations Center (FBI)             |
| SIPRNET   |                                      | SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network                       |
| SIR       |                                      | specific information requirement; Strategic Military          |
|           | Intelligence Review                  |                                                               |
| SITREP    |                                      | situation report                                              |
| SIV       |                                      | special interest vessel                                       |
| SJA       |                                      | staff judge advocate                                          |
| SJFHQ(CE) |                                      | standing joint force headquarters (core element)              |
| SJFHQ-E   |                                      | standing joint force headquarters - elimination               |
| SJOA      |                                      | space joint operating area                                    |
| SJS       |                                      | Secretary, Joint Staff                                        |
| SLA       |                                      | special leave accrual                                         |
| SLBM      |                                      | submarine-launched ballistic missile                          |
| SLCM      |                                      | sea-launched cruise missile                                   |
| SLCP      |                                      | ship lighterage control point; ship's loading characteristics |
|           | pamphlet                             |                                                               |
| SLO       |                                      | space liaison officer                                         |
| SLOC      |                                      | sea line of communications                                    |
| SLRP      |                                      | survey, liaison, and reconnaissance party                     |
| SLS       |                                      | shoot-look-shoot                                              |
| SLWT      |                                      | side loadable warping tug                                     |
| SM        |                                      | spectrum management; standard missile                         |
| SMB       |                                      | spectrum management branch                                    |
| SMC       |                                      | search and rescue mission coordinator                         |
| SMCA      |                                      | single manager for conventional ammunition                    |
| SMCM      |                                      | surface mine countermeasures                                  |
| SME       |                                      | subject matter expert                                         |
| SMO       |                                      | senior meteorological and oceanographic officer; strategic    |
|           | mobility office(r)                   |                                                               |
| SMRC      |                                      | Specialized Medical Response Capabilities                     |
| SMS       |                                      | Single Mobility System                                        |
| SMU       |                                      | special mission unit                                          |
| SMWDC     |                                      | Surface and Mine Warfighting Development Center               |
| SN        |                                      | serial number                                                 |
| SNA       |                                      | social network analysis                                       |
| SNCO      |                                      | staff noncommissioned officer                                 |
| SNF       |                                      | strategic nuclear forces                                      |
| SOA       |                                      | special operations aviation (USA); sustained operations       |
|           | ashore                               |                                                               |
| SOAGS     | special operations air-ground system |                                                               |
| SO-ATP    |                                      | special operations-advanced tactical practitioner             |
| SOC       |                                      | special operations commander                                  |
| SOCCE      |                                              | special operations command and control element         |
|------------|----------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| SOCCET     |                                              | special operations critical care evacuation team       |
| SOC-FWD    |                                              | special operations command-forward                     |
| SOCM       |                                              | special operations combat medic                        |
| SOCNORTH   |                                              | United States Special Operations Command, North        |
| SOCPAC     |                                              | Special Operations Command Pacific                     |
| SOD        |                                              | special operations division                            |
| SOE        |                                              | special operations executive                           |
| SOF        |                                              | special operations forces                              |
| SOFA       |                                              | status-of-forces agreement                             |
| SOF-CF     |                                              | special operations forces-conventional forces          |
| SOFLE      |                                              | special operations forces liaison element              |
| SOG        |                                              | special operations group                               |
| SOI        |                                              | signal operating instructions                          |
| SOIC       |                                              | senior officer of the intelligence community           |
| SOJTF      | special operations joint task force          |                                                        |
| SOLE       |                                              | special operations liaison element                     |
| SOLO       |                                              | special operations liaison officer                     |
| SOM        |                                              | structured observation management                      |
| SOMA       |                                              | status-of-mission agreement                            |
| SOMARDS    |                                              | Standard Operation and Maintenance Army Research and   |
|            | Development System                           |                                                        |
| SOMARDS NT |                                              | Standard Operation and Maintenance Army Research and   |
|            | Development System Non-Technical             |                                                        |
| SOP        |                                              | standard operating procedure                           |
| SORTIEALOT |                                              | sortie allotment message                               |
| SORTS      |                                              | Status of Resources and Training System                |
| SOSB       |                                              | special operations support battalion                   |
| SOSI       |                                              | space object surveillance and identification           |
| SOST       |                                              | special operations support team                        |
| SOTA       |                                              | signals intelligence operational tasking authority     |
| SOTF       |                                              | special operations task force                          |
| SOW        |                                              | standoff weapon; statement of work                     |
| SP         |                                              | security police                                        |
| SPD        |                                              | space policy directive                                 |
| SPE        |                                              | senior procurement executive                           |
| SPECAT     |                                              | special category                                       |
| SPG        |                                              | Strategic Planning Guidance                            |
| SPI        |                                              | sensor point of interest; special investigative (USAF) |
| SPINS      |                                              | special instructions                                   |
| SPM        |                                              | service postal manager; single port manager            |
| SPMAGTF    | special purpose Marine air-ground task force |                                                        |
| SPOD       |                                              | seaport of debarkation                                 |
| SPOE       |                                              | seaport of embarkation                                 |
| SPOT       |                                              | Synchronized Predeployment and Operational Tracker     |
| SPOTREP    |                                              | spot report                                            |
| SPP       |                                                        | Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America; State     |
|-----------|--------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
|           | Partnership Program                                    |                                                                 |
| SR        |                                                        | special reconnaissance                                          |
| SRBM      | short-range ballistic missile                          |                                                                 |
| SRG       |                                                        | Seabee readiness group                                          |
| SRM       |                                                        | sustainment, restoration, and modernization                     |
| SROE      |                                                        | standing rules of engagement                                    |
| SRR       |                                                        | search and rescue region                                        |
| SRSG      |                                                        | special representative of the Secretary-General                 |
| SRUF      |                                                        | standing rules for the use of force                             |
| SS        |                                                        | steamship                                                       |
| SSA       |                                                        | security sector assistance; software support activity; space    |
|           | situational awareness; special support activity (NSA); |                                                                 |
|           | supply support activity                                |                                                                 |
| SSB       |                                                        | single side band                                                |
| SSBN      |                                                        | ballistic missile submarine (nuclear-powered)                   |
| SSC       |                                                        | small scale contingency; special security center                |
| SSCO      |                                                        | shipper's service control office                                |
| SSE       |                                                        | space support element                                           |
| SSI       |                                                        | standing signal instruction                                     |
| SSM       |                                                        | surface-to-surface missile                                      |
| SSN       |                                                        | Social Security number                                          |
| SSO       |                                                        | special security office(r)                                      |
| SSPM      |                                                        | single-service postal manager                                   |
| SSR       | security sector reform                                 |                                                                 |
| SSS       |                                                        | Selective Service System                                        |
| SST       |                                                        | special support team (National Security Agency)                 |
| SSTR      |                                                        | stability, security, transition, and reconstruction             |
| SSWG      |                                                        | space support working group                                     |
| ST        |                                                        | short ton; strike team                                          |
| STANAG    |                                                        | standardization agreement (NATO)                                |
| STAR      |                                                        | sensitive target approval and review                            |
| STARS     |                                                        | Standard Accounting and Reporting System                        |
| START     |                                                        | Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty                                 |
| S-Team    | staff augmentation team                                |                                                                 |
| STEP      |                                                        | standardized tactical entry point                               |
| STO       |                                                        | special technical operations                                    |
| STON      |                                                        | short ton                                                       |
| STS       |                                                        | special tactics squadron                                        |
| STT       |                                                        | special tactics team                                            |
| STU       |                                                        | secure telephone unit                                           |
| STW       |                                                        | strike warfare                                                  |
| STWC      |                                                        | strike warfare commander                                        |
| SUBOPAUTH |                                                        | submarine operating authority                                   |
| SUC       |                                                        | situation update code                                           |
| SUPP      |                                                        | supplement                                                      |
| SUPPO    |                     | supply officer                  |     |
|----------|---------------------|---------------------------------|-----|
| SUROBS   |                     | surf observation                |     |
| SUST BDE | sustainment brigade |                                 |     |
| SUW      |                     | surface warfare                 |     |
| SUWC     |                     | surface warfare commander       |     |
| SVC      |                     | stored value card               |     |
| SW       |                     | shallow water                   |     |
| SWO      |                     | staff weather officer           |     |
| SWPC     |                     | Space Weather Prediction Center |     |
| SXXI     |                     | SPECTRUM XXI                    |     |
| SXXI-O   |                     | SPECTRUM XXI-Online             |     |
| SYG      |                     | Secretary-General (UN)          |     |
| SYSCOM   |                     | systems command                 |     |
| SZ       |                     | surf zone                       |     |
|          |                     |                                 |     |


Intentionally Blank


2-D
two-dimensional
2E
Role 2 enhanced
2LM
Role 2 light maneuver
2X
counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element
3-D
three-dimensional
T&E
test and evaluation
T2
technology transfer
TA
target acquisition; target audience; technical arrangement;

 theater Army
TAA
tactical assembly area; target audience analysis
TAACOM
theater Army area command
TAAMDCOORD
theater Army air and missile defense coordinator
TAC
terminal attack control
TAC(A)
tactical air coordinator (airborne)
TACAIR
tactical air
TACAN
tactical air navigation
TACC
tanker airlift control center
TAC-D
tactical deception
TACLOG
tactical-logistical
TACO
theater allied contracting office
TACON
tactical control
TACOPDAT
tactical operational data
TACP
tactical air control party
TACRON
tactical air control squadron
T-ACS
auxiliary crane ship
TACS
tactical air control system; theater air control system
TACSAT
tactical satellite
TACT
tactical aviation control team
TAD
tactical air direction; temporary additional duty (non-unit-

 related personnel); theater air defense
TADC
tactical air direction center
TAF
tactical air force
TAFT
technical assistance field team
TAG
technical assistance group; the adjutant general
TAGS
theater air-ground system
T-AH
hospital ship
TAI
target area of interest
TAIS
Tactical Airspace Integration System
T-AKR
fast logistics ship
TAMP
Transitional Assistance Management Program
TAO
tactical air officer
TAOC
tactical air operations center (USMC)
TAR
tactical air request
TARWI
target weather and intelligence
| TASWC      |                                          | theater antisubmarine warfare commander                 |     |
|------------|------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|-----|
| TAT        |                                          | tactical analysis team; technical assistance team       |     |
| TATC       |                                          | tactical air traffic control                            |     |
| T-AVB      |                                          | aviation logistics support ship                         |     |
| TBC        |                                          | theater business clearance                              |     |
| TBM        |                                          | theater ballistic missile                               |     |
| TBMCS      |                                          | theater battle management core system                   |     |
| TBMD       |                                          | theater ballistic missile defense                       |     |
| TB MED     |                                          | technical bulletin medical                              |     |
| TB(X)      |                                          | transportation brigade (expeditionary)                  |     |
| TC         |                                          | training circular                                       |     |
| TCA        |                                          | traditional combatant commander activity                |     |
| TC-AIMS II |                                          | Transportation Coordinator's Automated Information for  |     |
|            | Movement System II                       |                                                         |     |
| TCC        |                                          | transportation component command; troop contributing    |     |
|            | country                                  |                                                         |     |
| TCCC       |                                          | tactical combat casualty care                           |     |
| TCCET      |                                          | tactical critical care evacuation team                  |     |
| TCCT       |                                          | tactical critical care transport                        |     |
| TCEM       |                                          | theater contingency engineering management              |     |
| TCF        |                                          | tactical combat force                                   |     |
| TCM        |                                          | theater construction manager; theater container manager |     |
| TCMD       |                                          | transportation control and movement document            |     |
| TCN        |                                          | third-country national; transportation control number   |     |
| TCO        |                                          | termination contracting officer; transnational criminal |     |
|            | organization                             |                                                         |     |
| TCPED      |                                          | tasking, collection, processing, exploitation, and      |     |
|            | dissemination                            |                                                         |     |
| TCS        |                                          | theater communications system                           |     |
| TCSG       |                                          | United States Transportation Command, Office of the     |     |
|            | Command Surgeon                          |                                                         |     |
| TCSP       | theater consolidation and shipping point |                                                         |     |
| TD         |                                          | temporary duty (USMC); theater distribution; tie down   |     |
| TDC        |                                          | target development cell                                 |     |
| TDCP       |                                          | theater distribution campaign plan                      |     |
| TDD        |                                          | time-definite delivery                                  |     |
| TDF        |                                          | theater detention facility                              |     |
| TDL        |                                          | tactical data link                                      |     |
| TDN        |                                          | tactical data network; target development nomination    |     |
| TDP        |                                          | theater distribution plan                               |     |
| TDR        |                                          | transportation discrepancy report                       |     |
| TDRC       |                                          | theater detainee reporting center                       |     |
| TDY        |                                          | temporary duty                                          |     |
| TEA        |                                          | Transportation Engineering Agency                       |     |
| TEC        |                                          | theater engineer command                                |     |
| TECHCON    |                                          | technical control                                       |     |
| TECHELINT   |                                         | technical electronic intelligence                         |
|-------------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| TECHINT     |                                         | technical intelligence                                    |
| TEDAC       |                                         | Terrorist Explosive Device Analytical Center (FBI)        |
| TEL         |                                         | transporter-erector-launcher                              |
| TEMPER      |                                         | tent extendible modular personnel                         |
| TENCAP      |                                         | tactical exploitation of national capabilities program    |
| TEO         |                                         | team embarkation officer                                  |
| TEP         |                                         | theater engagement plan                                   |
| TERCOM      |                                         | terrain contour matching                                  |
| T-ESD       |                                         | expeditionary transfer dock                               |
| TET         | targeting effects team                  |                                                           |
| TETK        | TeleEngineering Toolkit                 |                                                           |
| TEU         |                                         | technical escort unit; twenty-foot equivalent unit        |
| TEWLS       |                                         | Theater Enterprise Wide Logistics System                  |
| TF          |                                         | task force                                                |
| TFC         |                                         | threat finance cell                                       |
| TFCICA      |                                         | task force counterintelligence coordinating authority     |
| TFE         |                                         | tactical field exchange; threat finance exploitation      |
| TFF         |                                         | total force fitness                                       |
| TFI         |                                         | threat finance intelligence                               |
| TFMS-M      |                                         | Transportation Financial Management System-Military       |
| TG          |                                         | task group; technical guide                               |
| TGM         |                                         | terminally guided munitions                               |
| TGO         |                                         | terminal guidance operations                              |
| THAAD       |                                         | Terminal High Altitude Area Defense                       |
| THOC        |                                         | theater head of contracting                               |
| THT         |                                         | tactical human intelligence team                          |
| THX         |                                         | theater express                                           |
| TI          |                                         | threat identification                                     |
| TIA         |                                         | theater intelligence assessment                           |
| TIB         |                                         | theater intelligence brigade; toxic industrial biological |
| TIC         |                                         | target information center; toxic industrial chemical      |
| TIDE        |                                         | Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment                 |
| TIM         |                                         | toxic industrial material                                 |
| TIO         |                                         | target intelligence officer                               |
| TIP         |                                         | target intelligence package; trafficking in persons       |
| TIR         |                                         | toxic industrial radiological                             |
| TJAG        |                                         | the judge advocate general                                |
| T-JTB       |                                         | theater-joint transportation board                        |
| TLA         |                                         | theater logistics analysis                                |
| TLAM        |                                         | Tomahawk land-attack missile                              |
| TLAMM       |                                         |                                                           |
|             | theater lead agent for medical materiel |                                                           |
| TLE         |                                         | target location error                                     |
| TLM         |                                         | target list management; topographic line map              |
| TLO         |                                         | theater logistics overview                                |
| TM          |                                         | target materials; technical manual                        |
| TMAO          |                                       | theater mortuary affairs office; theater mortuary affairs     |
|---------------|---------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|               | officer                               |                                                               |
| TMD           |                                       | theater missile defense                                       |
| TMEP          |                                       | theater mortuary evacuation point                             |
| TMIP          |                                       | theater medical information program                           |
| TMM           |                                       | transregional, multi-domain, and multifunctional              |
| TMO           |                                       | target mensuration only; traffic management office;           |
|               | transportation management office      |                                                               |
| T/M/S         |                                       | type, model, and/or series                                    |
| TMT           |                                       | time-phased force and deployment data management tool         |
| TNCC          |                                       | theater network operations control center                     |
| TNL           |                                       | target nomination list                                        |
| TO            |                                       | technical order; theater of operations                        |
| TO&E          |                                       | table of organization and equipment                           |
| TOA           |                                       | table of allowance; transfer of authority                     |
| TOC           |                                       | tactical operations center; transnational organized crime     |
| TOD           |                                       | tactical ocean data                                           |
| TOI           |                                       | track of interest                                             |
| TOPINT        |                                       | technical operational intelligence                            |
| TOR           |                                       | term of reference                                             |
| TOS           |                                       | time on station                                               |
| TOT           |                                       | time on target                                                |
| TP            |                                       | transportation priority                                       |
| TPE           |                                       | theater provided equipment                                    |
| TPED          |                                       | tasking, processing, exploitation, and dissemination;         |
|               | theater personal effects depot        |                                                               |
| TPFDD         |                                       | time-phased force and deployment data                         |
| TPFDL         |                                       | time-phased force and deployment list                         |
| TPMRC         |                                       | United States Transportation Command patient movement         |
|               | requirements center                   |                                                               |
| TPP           |                                       | theater posture plan                                          |
| TPS           |                                       | transportation protective service                             |
| TPT           |                                       | tactical petroleum terminal                                   |
| TQ            |                                       | tactical questioning                                          |
| TRA           |                                       | technical review authority                                    |
| TRAC2ES       |                                       | United States Transportation Command Regulating and           |
|               | Command and Control Evacuation System |                                                               |
| TRADOC        |                                       | United States Army Training and Doctrine Command              |
| Trans BDE     |                                       | transportation brigade                                        |
| Trans Det RPO |                                       | transportation detachment rapid port opening                  |
| TRANSEC       |                                       | transmission security                                         |
| TRAP          |                                       | tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel (USMC); tactical  |
|               | related applications                  |                                                               |
| TRIADS        |                                       | Tri-Wall Aerial Distribution System                           |
| TRICON        |                                       | triple container                                              |
| TRO           |                                       | training and readiness oversight                              |
| TROPO   |                                   | tropospheric scatter                                        |
|---------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| TRP     | target reference point            |                                                             |
| TS      |                                   | time-sensitive; top secret                                  |
| TSA     |                                   | target system analysis; Transportation Security             |
|         | Administration (DHS)              |                                                             |
| TSC     |                                   | theater security cooperation; theater support command;      |
|         | theater sustainment command (USA) |                                                             |
| TSCIF   |                                   | temporary sensitive compartmented information facility      |
| TSCM    |                                   | technical surveillance countermeasures                      |
| TSCP    |                                   | theater security cooperation plan                           |
| TSM     |                                   | target sorting message                                      |
| TSOC    |                                   | tactical special operations command; theater special        |
|         | operations command                |                                                             |
| TSS     |                                   | target sensing system                                       |
| TSSA    |                                   | transitional security sector assistance                     |
| TST     |                                   | terminal support team; time-sensitive target                |
| TSWA    |                                   | temporary secure working area                               |
| TT&C    |                                   | telemetry, tracking, and commanding                         |
| TTAB    |                                   | Technical Training Acceptance Board                         |
| TTAN    |                                   | transportation tracking account number                      |
| TTD     |                                   | tactical terrain data                                       |
| TTL     |                                   | tagging, tracking, and locating                             |
| TTN     |                                   | transportation tracking number                              |
| TTP     |                                   | tactics, techniques, and procedures; trailer transfer point |
| TTT     |                                   | time to target                                              |
| TTU     |                                   | transportation terminal unit                                |
| TU      |                                   | targeted update; task unit                                  |
| TUCHA   |                                   | type unit characteristics file                              |
| TV      |                                   | television                                                  |
| TW&A    |                                   | threat warning and assessment                               |
| TWCF    |                                   | Transportation Working Capital Fund                         |
| TWDS    |                                   | tactical water distribution system                          |
| TYCOM   |                                   | type commander                                              |
|         |                                   |                                                             |
|         |                                   |                                                             |


Intentionally Blank


U-233
uranium-233
U-235
uranium-235
UA
unmanned aircraft
UAR
unconventional assisted recovery
UARCC
unconventional assisted recovery coordination cell
UAS
unmanned aircraft system
UAV
unmanned aerial vehicle
UCMJ
Uniform Code of Military Justice
UCP
Unified Command Plan
UCT
underwater construction team
UDL
unit deployment list
UEWR
upgraded early warning radar
UFAC
Underground Facilities Analysis Center
UFC
Unified Facilities Criteria
UFO
ultrahigh frequency follow-on
UGA
ungoverned area
UGIRH
Urban Generic Information Requirements Handbook
UGO
unified geospatial-intelligence operations
UH
utility helicopter
UHF
ultrahigh frequency
UIC
unit identification code
UJT
universal joint task
UJTL
Universal Joint Task List
UK
United Kingdom
ULN
unit line number
ULSD
ultra-low sulfur diesel
UMCC
unit movement control center
UMCM
underwater mine countermeasures
UMD
unit movement data
UMMIPS
Uniform Material Movement and Issue Priority System
UMO
unit movement officer
UMS
unmanned system
UN
United Nations
UNCLOS
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
UN CMCoord
United Nations humanitarian civil-military coordination
UNCT
United Nations country team
UND
urgency of need designator
UNDAC
United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination
UNDFS
United Nations Department of Field Support
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNDPKO
United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations
UNEP
United Nations Environment Programme
UNHAS
United Nations Humanitarian Air Service
UNHCHR
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
| UNHCR     |                         | United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees               |
|-----------|-------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| UNHQ      |                         | United Nations Headquarters                                 |
| UNICEF    |                         | United Nations Children's Fund                              |
| UNITAF    |                         | unified task force                                          |
| UNMEM     |                         | United Nations military expert on mission                   |
| UNO       |                         | unit number                                                 |
| UNOCHA    |                         | United Nations Office for the Coordination of               |
|           | Humanitarian Affairs    |                                                             |
| UNODC     |                         | United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime                    |
| UNOSOM    |                         | United Nations Operations in Somalia                        |
| UNPA      |                         | United Nations Participation Act                            |
| UNPROFOR  |                         | United Nations protection force                             |
| UNSC      |                         | United Nations Security Council                             |
| UNSCR     |                         | United Nations Security Council resolution                  |
| UNSG      |                         | United Nations Secretary-General                            |
| UON       |                         | urgent operational need                                     |
| URL       |                         | uniform resource locater                                    |
| URN       |                         | unit reference number                                       |
| US&R      |                         | urban search and rescue                                     |
| USA       |                         | United States Army                                          |
| USACE     |                         | United States Army Corps of Engineers                       |
| USACFSC   |                         | United States Army Community and Family Support             |
|           | Center                  |                                                             |
| USACHPPM  |                         | United States Army Center for Health Promotion and          |
|           | Preventive Medicine     |                                                             |
| USACIDC   |                         | United States Army Criminal Investigation Command           |
| USAEDS    |                         | United States Atomic Energy Detection System                |
| USAF      |                         | United States Air Force                                     |
| USAFE     |                         | United States Air Forces in Europe                          |
| USAFR     |                         | United States Air Force Reserve                             |
| USAFRICOM |                         | United States Africa Command                                |
| USAFSOS   |                         | United States Air Force Special Operations School           |
| USAID     |                         | United States Agency for International Development          |
| USAMC     |                         | United States Army Materiel Command                         |
| USAMMA    |                         | United States Army Medical Materiel Agency                  |
| USAMRICD  |                         | United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical   |
|           | Defense                 |                                                             |
| USAMRIID  |                         | United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious |
|           | Diseases                |                                                             |
| USAMRMC   |                         | United States Army Medical Research and Materiel            |
|           | Command                 |                                                             |
| USANCA    |                         | United States Army Nuclear and Countering Weapons of        |
|           | Mass Destruction Agency |                                                             |
| USAPHC    |                         | United States Army Public Health Center                     |
| USAR      |                         | United States Army Reserve                                  |
| USARCENT  |                         | United States Army, Central Command                         |
| USARDECOM       |                                       | United States Army Research, Development, and          |
|-----------------|---------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
|                 | Engineering Command                   |                                                        |
| USAREUR         |                                       | United States Army, European Command                   |
| USARNORTH       |                                       | United States Army, North                              |
| USARPAC         |                                       | United States Army, Pacific Command                    |
| USARSO          |                                       | United States Army, Southern Command                   |
| USASMDC/ARSTRAT |                                       | United States Army Space and Missile Defense           |
|                 | Command/Army Forces Strategic Command |                                                        |
| USASOC          |                                       | United States Army Special Operations Command          |
| US BICES        |                                       | United States Battlefield Information Collection and   |
|                 | Exploitation System                   |                                                        |
| US BICES-X      |                                       | United States Battlefield Information Collection and   |
|                 | Exploitation System Extended          |                                                        |
| USC             |                                       | United States Code; universal service contract         |
| USCENTCOM       |                                       | United States Central Command                          |
| USCG            |                                       | United States Coast Guard                              |
| USCGR           |                                       | United States Coast Guard Reserve                      |
| USCIS           |                                       | United States Citizenship and Immigration Services     |
| USCS            |                                       | United States Cryptologic System                       |
| USCYBERCOM      | United States Cyber Command           |                                                        |
| USDA            |                                       | United States Department of Agriculture                |
| USD(A&S)        |                                       | Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and         |
|                 | Sustainment                           |                                                        |
| USDAO           |                                       | United States defense attache office                   |
| USD(C)          |                                       | Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)               |
| USD(I)          |                                       | Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence            |
| USD(P)          |                                       | Under Secretary of Defense for Policy                  |
| USD(P&R)        |                                       | Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness |
| USELEMNORAD     |                                       | United States Element, North American Aerospace        |
|                 | Defense Command                       |                                                        |
| USERID          |                                       | user identification                                    |
| USERRA          |                                       | Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment         |
|                 | Rights Act                            |                                                        |
| USEUCOM         |                                       | United States European Command                         |
| USFF            |                                       | United States Fleet Forces Command                     |
| USFK            |                                       | United States Forces, Korea                            |
| USG             |                                       | Under-Secretary-General; United States Government      |
| USGS            |                                       | United States Geological Survey                        |
| USINDOPACOM     |                                       | United States Indo-Pacific Command                     |
| USIP            |                                       | United States Institute of Peace                       |
| USLO            |                                       | United States liaison office                           |
| USMC            |                                       | United States Marine Corps                             |
| USMCR           |                                       | United States Marine Corps Reserve                     |
| USMILGP         |                                       | United States military group                           |
| USML            |                                       | United States Munitions List                           |
| USMOG           |                                       | United States Military Observer Group                  |
| USMOG-W    |     | United States Military Observer Group - Washington      |
|------------|-----|---------------------------------------------------------|
| USMS       |     | United States Marshals Service                          |
| USMTF      |     | United States message text format                       |
| USN        |     | United States Navy                                      |
| USNAVSO    |     | US Naval Forces Southern Command                        |
| USNMR      |     | United States national military representative          |
| USNO       |     | United States Naval Observatory                         |
| USNORTHCOM |     | United States Northern Command                          |
| USNR       |     | United States Navy Reserve                              |
| USNS       |     | United States Naval Ship                                |
| USPHS      |     | United States Public Health Service (DHHS)              |
| USPS       |     | United States Postal Service                            |
| USSF       |     | United States Space Force                               |
| USSOCOM    |     | United States Special Operations Command                |
| USSOUTHCOM |     | United States Southern Command                          |
| USSPACECOM |     | United States Space Command                             |
| USSS       |     | United States Secret Service (DHS)                      |
| USSTRATCOM |     | United States Strategic Command                         |
| USTRANSCOM |     | United States Transportation Command                    |
| USUN       |     | United States Mission to the United Nations             |
| USW        |     | undersea warfare                                        |
| UTC        |     | Coordinated Universal Time; unit type code              |
| UTM        |     | universal transverse mercator                           |
| UTO        |     | unit table of organization                              |
| UUV        |     | unmanned underwater vehicle; unmanned underwater vessel |
| UW         |     | unconventional warfare                                  |
| UXO        |     | unexploded explosive ordnance; unexploded ordnance      |
|            |     |                                                         |
VA
Department of Veterans Affairs; victim advocate
VAAP
vulnerability assessment and assistance program
VBIED
vehicle-borne improvised explosive device
VBSS
visit, board, search, and seizure
VCJCS
Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
VDL
video downlink
VE
vertical error; violent extremism
VEE
Venezuelan equine encephalitis
VEO
violent extremist organization
VFR
visual flight rules
VFS
validating flight surgeon
VHF
very high frequency
VI
visual information
VID
visual identification
VIP
very important person
VIPPSA
very important personnel protection support activity
VIRIN
visual information record identification number
VIRS
verbally initiated release system
VISA
Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement
VISION ID
visual information professional identifier
VLF
very low frequency
VMap
vector map
VMAQ
Marine tactical electronic warfare squadron
VMD
volume median diameter
VMF
variable message format
VMI
vendor managed inventory
VOD
vertical onboard delivery
VPV
virtual prime vendor
VSW
very shallow water
VTA
voluntary tanker agreement
VTC
video teleconferencing
VTOL
vertical takeoff and landing
VTOL-UAS
vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aircraft system



Intentionally Blank


## W

 WADS
Western Air Defense Sector
WAI
weather area of interest
WAN
wide-area network
WANGO
World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations
WARMs
wartime reserve modes
WARNORD
warning order
WARP
web-based access and retrieval portal
WAS
wide area surveillance
WASP
war air service program
WB
wideband
WBGTI
wet bulb globe temperature index
WBIED
waterborne improvised explosive device
WCE
weapons of mass destruction coordination element
WCO
World Customs Organization
WCS
weapons control status
WDCO
well deck control officer
Web SM
Web Scheduling and Movement
WEBVLIPS
Web Visual Logistics Information Processing System
WETM
weather team
WEU
Western European Union
WEZ
weapon engagement zone
WFP
World Food Programme (UN)
WG
working group
WGS
Wideband Global Satellite Communications
WGS 84
World Geodetic System 1984
WHNS
wartime host-nation support
WHO
World Health Organization (UN)
WIA
wounded in action
WIF
Wales Initiative Fund
WIT
weapons intelligence team
WLG
Washington Liaison Group
WMD
weapons of mass destruction
WMD-CST
weapons of mass destruction-civil support team
WMO
World Meteorological Organization
WMP
Air Force War and Mobilization Plan
WOC
wing operations center (USAF)
WOD
wind-over deck
WOT
war on terrorism
WP
white phosphorous; working party
WPB
Coast Guard patrol boat
WPR
War Powers Resolution
WRA
Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement (DOS);

 weapons release authority
WRAIR
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
| WRM    |                                | war reserve materiel                        |
|--------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| WRS    |                                | war reserve stock                           |
| WRSA   | war reserve stocks for allies  |                                             |
| WS     |                                | weather squadron                            |
| WSESRB |                                | Weapon System Explosive Safety Review Board |
| WSM    |                                | waterspace management                       |
| WSR    |                                | weapon system reliability                   |
| WSV    |                                | weapons system video                        |
| WT     |                                | warping tug                                 |
| WTI    | weapons technical intelligence |                                             |
| WWII   |                                | World War II                                |
| WWX    |                                | worldwide express                           |
| WX     |                                | weather                                     |
|        |                                |                                             |
|        |                                |                                             |
|        |                                |                                             |

## X

 XCDS
extracted container delivery system
XCVR
transceiver
XMPP
extensible messaging and presence protocol
XO
executive officer



Intentionally Blank YR
year Intentionally Blank


ZF
zone of fire
ZULU
time zone indicator for Universal Time


Intentionally Blank


## Summary Of Changes 1.  Supersession

 a.  This document supersedes the DOD Dictionary as of August 2021.  The terms and definitions in the DOD Dictionary will be updated, per approval and according to policy, by modification, deletion, or addition, or remain per revalidation, in accordance with DODI 5025.12 and CJCSI 5705.01. b.  Shortened word forms (i.e., abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms) in the DOD
Dictionary are solely derived from currently approved JP glossaries and not centrally managed by the DOD Terminology Program for the joint force.  As of November 2019, those shortened word forms not currently found in active JPs are in the process of being removed. c.  Record of Updates:
January 2021:
JP 3-36
August 2021:
JS J-7 Acronym Reduction (ongoing), DODI 1342.22
November 2021 JS J-7 Acronym Reduction (ongoing)


## 2.  Terms Removed Or Replaced As Of November 2021 Terms Removed Or Replaced

| Term                 | Action    | Source    | Rationale    |
|----------------------|-----------|-----------|--------------|
| No changes to report |           |           |              |

3.  Terms Added or Modified as of November 2021
Terms Added or Modified
Term
Action
Source
landing force operational reserve material
Modified
J-7 Acronym
Reduction
launch on remote
Modified
J-7 Acronym
Reduction
line of departure
Modified
J-7 Acronym
Reduction
low-level transit route
Modified
J-7 Acronym
Reduction
maximum ordinate
Modified
J-7 Acronym
Reduction
Measurement and Signature Intelligence Requirements System
Modified
J-7 Acronym
Reduction
medium-range ballistic missile
Modified
J-7 Acronym
Reduction

Summary of Changes


| message                                       | Modified    | J-7 Acronym    |
|-----------------------------------------------|-------------|----------------|
| Reduction                                     |             |                |
| military standard transportation and movement |             |                |
| procedures                                    |             |                |
| Modified                                      | J-7 Acronym |                |
| Reduction                                     |             |                |
| military technician                           | Modified    | J-7 Acronym    |
| Reduction                                     |             |                |
| mobilization                                  | Modified    | J-7 Acronym    |
| Reduction                                     |             |                |
| National Defense Reserve Fleet                | Modified    | J-7 Acronym    |
| Reduction                                     |             |                |

## 4.  Proponency Changes As Of November 2021

Proponency Changes
Term
Previous Source
New Source
No changes to report