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## Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response

09 September 2016

## Preface 1.  Scope

This publication provides joint doctrine for military domestic or international response to minimize the effects of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident.

## 2.  Purpose

This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS).  It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in operations, and it provides considerations for military interaction with governmental and nongovernmental agencies, multinational forces, and other interorganizational partners.  It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes joint doctrine for operations and training.  It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing and executing their plans and orders.  It is not the intent of this publication to restrict the authority of the JFC from organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of objectives.

## 3.  Application

a.  Joint doctrine established in this publication applies to the Joint Staff, commanders of combatant commands, subunified commands, joint task forces, subordinate components of these commands, the Services, combat support agencies, and the National Guard.

b.  The guidance in this publication is authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be followed except when, in the judgment of the commander, exceptional circumstances dictate otherwise.  If conflicts arise between the contents of this publication and the contents of Service publications, this publication will take precedence unless the CJCS, normally in coordination with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more current and specific guidance.  Commanders of forces operating as part of a multinational (alliance or coalition) military command should follow multinational doctrine and procedures ratified by the United States.  For doctrine and procedures not ratified by the United States, commanders should evaluate and follow the multinational command's doctrine and procedures, where applicable and consistent with US law, regulations, and doctrine.

                                             For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff:

                                                     KEVIN D. SCOTT

                                                     Vice Admiral, USN

                                                     Director, Joint Force Development


## Intentionally Blank

-
Incorporates a new title highlighting the Department of Defense's (DOD's) integrated chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) response
enterprise capabilities and joint force matrix.
-
Characterizes CBRN response (previously consequence management), as a unique DOD response capability and responsibility.
-
Updates CBRN response construct.
-
Clarifies DOD's supporting roles during an international chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear response (previously foreign consequence management) on foreign territory, regardless of who is designated the United States Government
lead.
-
Clarifies the relationships of "unity of command" and "unity of effort" for a dualstatus commander (DSC).
-
Highlights the DSC will execute command and control separately over both federal and state military forces, through their respective chains of command.
-
Highlights the importance of the CBRN response force to minimize the effects of a
CBRN incident.
-
Updates to Appendix C, "Department of Defense Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response Enterprise Assets," to reflect the overall joint
force CBRN response construct.
-
Adds or revises two definitions and deletes two CBRN-related definitions in Joint
Publication (JP) 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated
Terminology.
-
Reduces redundancies and improves doctrinal guidance relationships between JP
3-11, Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments;
JP 3-27, *Homeland Defense;* JP 3-28, *Defense Support of Civil Authorities;* JP 3-29,
Foreign Humanitarian Assistance; and JP 3-40, Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction.


## Intentionally Blank

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  ........  vii

## Chapter I Overview


General  ........  I-1

Domestic, International, and Department of Defense-Led Situations ........  I-3

Emergency Preparedness for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Response  ........  I-4

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response ........  I-4

General Planning Considerations for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and
Nuclear Response ........  I-10

Limitation and Mitigation Strategies ........  I-29
CHAPTER II
DOMESTIC CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR
RESPONSE

General  ........ II-1

Roles, Responsibilities, Authorities, and Assets  ........ II-3

Command Relationships ........ II-12

Considerations ........ II-17

Unique Planning Considerations in the Domestic Operational Environment ....... II-27

Applicable Laws and Agreements in the Domestic Operational Environment ..... II-28
CHAPTER III
INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR RESPONSE


General  ........  III-1

Roles, Responsibilities, Authorities, and Assets  ........  III-6

Command Relationships  ........  III-11

Affected Nation Considerations  ........  III-14

Joint and Multinational Force Considerations ........  III-16

Unique Planning Considerations for Operations Outside of the United States ...  III-17

Applicable International Laws and Agreements ........  III-19

## Chapter Iv Department Of Defense-Led Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response


General  ........  IV-1

Roles and Responsibilities  ........  IV-3


Command Relationships  ........  IV-4

Joint Force Considerations  ........  IV-4

Planning Considerations During Military Operations  ........  IV-4

General Planning Considerations ........  IV-6
APPENDIX
A
Key Legal, Strategy, and Policy Documents and International Protocols  .....  A-1
B
Planning Considerations for Logistics and Other Services from Domestic
Base Support Installations and Foreign Theater Assets ........ B-1
C
Department of Defense Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Response Enterprise  ........ C-1
D
References ........  D-1
E
Administrative Instructions ........  E-1 GLOSSARY
Part I
Abbreviations and Acronyms  ........  GL-1
Part II
Terms and Definitions  ........  GL-7
FIGURE
I-1
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Responses  ........  I-2
I-2
Control Zones  ........  I-26
II-1
Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response .... II-2
II-2
Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response
Command Relationships ........ II-13
II-3
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response Activities
by Operational Phase  ........ II-21
III-1
International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Response  ........  III-2
III-2
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Affected State


Coordination Process ........  III-4
C-1
Department of Defense Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and
Nuclear Response Enterprise ........ C-2

## Executive Summary Commander's Overview

- Provides Overview of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN)
Response
- Discusses Domestic CBRN Response - Covers International CBRN Response - Explains Department of Defense-Led CBRN Response

     Overview of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response

General
                                 This publication focuses on the US military
                                 response to minimize the effects of a chemical,
                                 biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN)
                                 incident, regardless of who is designated the
                                 United States Government (USG) lead.  This
                                 includes the response to both deliberate and
                                 inadvertent CBRN hazards.  As preparation is a
                                 requirement for effective response efforts,
                                 emergency preparedness activities are discussed as
                                 well.  A US military response is not automatically
                                 triggered by a CBRN incident.


Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Incident

A CBRN incident is any occurrence resulting from
the use of CBRN weapons and devices; the
emergence of secondary hazards arising from
counterforce targeting; or the release of toxic
industrial materials (TIMs) into the environment,
involving the emergence of CBRN hazards.  A
USG response would normally only be required
when local, territorial, tribal, or state authorities
are overwhelmed by the incident; if there are
shortfalls in local, territorial, tribal, state, or federal
response capabilities, other USG departments and
agencies may require a defense support of civil
authorities (DSCA) request for Department of
Defense (DOD) assistance.  For CBRN incidents
occurring on foreign soil, either a host nation (HN)
or international organization could request a USG
response.  An incident likely to create a harmful
domestic effect, such as the spread of infectious
disease or radioactive material across borders into

the US, may require the President to declare an emergency under the National Emergencies Act.

Domestic, International, and Department of Defense-Led Situations

The geographic scope of the domestic CBRN
response is associated with the US homeland.  The
homeland is the physical region that includes the
continental US, Alaska, Hawaii, US territories, and
surrounding territorial waters and airspace.
Generally,
            DOD,
                    when
                           tasked,
                                    supports
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) within
the guidelines of the National Response
Framework
            (NRF)
                     and
                          National
                                    Incident
Management System.  DOD normally supports the
Department of State (DOS) as the lead agency in
USG
       international
                      chemical,
                                  biological,
radiological, and nuclear response (ICBRN-R)
efforts.  In cases where the HN lacks the capability
to request assistance or DOS lacks an established
diplomatic presence, the President may direct
DOD to lead an ICBRN-R mission.  DOD may
lead USG domestic and ICBRN-R efforts when
directed to do so by the President.  In these cases,
DOD is the supported agency for response until
they are able to transition lead agency
responsibilities to another interagency CBRN lead:
DHS in the case of a domestic response and DOS
in the case of an international response.  DOD will
always be the lead agency for a CBRN response on
military installations, in cases where the CBRN
hazard emerges from DOD property and where
required by law.  DOD will also lead CBRN
responses during combat operations, military
transportation mishaps, storage and/or weapon
handling mishaps, and other CBRN incidents in
which DOD is deemed responsible.


Emergency Preparedness for CBRN Response

CBRN
      response
              provides
                     the
                         operational
framework for authorized measures DOD
undertakes in preparation for anticipated CBRN
incidents to minimize the loss of life and property
and to assist with the response and any required
short-term recovery.  This includes having plans,
policies, procedures, training, and equipment
necessary to effectively respond to CBRN
incidents.


CBRN Response
CBRN response considers the total capabilities and limitations of affected civil authorities, from the local first responders, up through the state response, to the federal response level.  When civil
authorities, up to, and including the federal level, lack necessary CBRN capabilities to effectively respond to the situation, military CBRN support is requested.  The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) issuances frame US military support of a USG response for domestic and international CBRN incidents.
General Planning Considerations for CBRN Response

Planning considerations for responding to CBRN
incidents are influenced by a variety of factors, including USG policy decisions, lessons learned from responses to previous incidents, capability limitations, time, current military operations, studies and analyses, modeling and simulation, live-agent tests and experiments, as well as analysis and exercise of national planning scenarios.  Military planners need to be able to translate a military analysis of available capabilities for use in a CBRN response.

Limitation and Mitigation Strategies
The risk management process plays an integral role assisting commanders in making decisions where to apply scarce or limited resources, minimizing the effects of threats and hazards in order to accomplish the mission.  Risk management entails developing controls and making risk decisions, implementing
those controls, and then supervising and evaluating.
Any CBRN response must be rapid in order to save
lives and minimize the overall impact of the incident.

## Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response

General
Domestic CBRN response is a type of support provided within the DSCA mission, conducted by DOD forces in order to save lives, protect property and the environment, and meet basic human needs. As a DSCA activity, domestic CBRN response focuses on providing DOD support directly to the civil authorities leading the CBRN response at the incident.  State and local governments are closest to those affected by incidents, and have a lead role

in response and recovery.  A joint task force (JTF) typically leads DOD forces supporting domestic CBRN response, providing command and control (C2) of forces trained and equipped for this mission, as well as contingency sourced conventional forces.



Roles and Responsibilities
                                    Domestic CBRN response is managed at the
                                    lowest possible level, with DOD providing support
                                    as directed.  When the Secretary of Defense
                                    (SecDef) approves a request for DSCA during a
                                    CBRN incident, Commander, United States
                                    Northern Command, and Commander, United
                                    States Pacific Command, are the supported
                                    geographic combatant commanders (GCCs) for
                                    CBRN responses within their respective areas of
                                    responsibility (AORs) as designated in the Unified
                                    Command Plan for a federal response.  DOD
                                    supports the NRF primary and coordinating
                                    agencies during domestic CBRN response
                                    operations.  The operational chain of command for
                                    federal forces remains with the GCC; the
                                    operational chain of command for state controlled
                                    National Guard forces remains with the governor.


Command Relationships
Military forces always remain under the assigned C2 as established by either Title 10, United States Code (USC); Title 14, USC; Title 32, USC; or in state active duty.  A dual-status commander may be utilized in a domestic CBRN response in order to facilitate unity of command for participating
federal forces and also, unity of effort between
federal and state military forces operating within a single state.  Based on the magnitude, type of incident, and anticipated level of resource involvement, the supported combatant commander (CCDR) may utilize a JTF to command federal (Title 10, USC) military activities in support of the incident.  If a JTF is established, consistent with operational requirements, its C2 element is colocated at the joint field office and included within the unified coordination group to ensure coordination and unity of effort.
Considerations
Planning considerations are significantly different for the joint force conducting CBRN response as

the primary mission than for the joint force
conducting other missions.  Requirements for
protecting joint forces remain a constant priority
for the joint force commander (JFC), especially
when operating in a contaminated environment.
DSCA may also entail unique legal implications
that need to be considered through all phases of
CBRN response planning and operations.  To be
effective in such a response, key personnel need to
fully understand both interagency and CBRN
response techniques and procedures.  JTF-Civil
Support can function as the core JTF headquarters
element.


## Unique Planning Considerations In The Domestic Operational Environment

Unique planning considerations include: resources
provided by a designated base support installation,
United States Army Corps of Engineers services,
mortuary affairs assistance, decontamination
planning, and control zones.


## International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response

General
                                 ICBRN-R is assistance provided by the USG to an
                                 impacted nation to respond to the effects of a
                                 deliberate or inadvertent CBRN incident on
                                 foreign territory.  DOD's CBRN response includes
                                 immediate life saving measures for the affected
                                 HN population, as well as efforts to protect US
                                 citizens and Armed Forces abroad, as well as those
                                 of its friends and allies, in order to minimize
                                 human casualties and to provide temporary
                                 associated
                                                essential
                                                             services.  Primary
                                 responsibility for responding to an international
                                 CBRN incident resides with the impacted nation,
                                 unless otherwise stipulated under relevant
                                 international agreements.  ICBRN-R applies to
                                 international incidents involving the deliberate or
                                 inadvertent release of CBRN materials, including
                                 toxic industrial chemicals and TIMs.  It does not
                                 apply to the following activities:

                                  Acts of nature or acts of man which do not
                                    involve CBRN materials.  Response to such
                                    incidents is conducted as foreign disaster relief
                                    operations in accordance with Department of
                                    Defense Directive 5100.46, Foreign Disaster
                                    Relief (FDR).

 CBRN incidents that are the direct result of US
military operations in a foreign country where DOS does not have an established presence.


Roles and Responsibilities
                                    Primary
                                               responsibility
                                                               for
                                                                    responding
                                                                                  to,
                                    managing, and mitigating the consequences of an
                                    international CBRN incident resides with the
                                    affected
                                                nation's
                                                           government.

                                                                               When
                                    overwhelmed, the impacted nation is responsible
                                    for requesting international assistance and sharing
                                    all relevant information about the CBRN incident
                                    with international partners.  Normally, all USG
                                    support to the affected nation will be coordinated
                                    by the responsible chief of mission (COM) and
                                    country team.  All matters requiring DOS review
                                    or approval should be submitted to the COM.  The
                                    CJCS reviews all requests for ICBRN-R.  CJCS
                                    assesses whether US forces are able and available
                                    to support ICBRN-R operations concurrent with
                                    any on-going military operations.  CJCS develops
                                    US military strategy, policy, and positions to
                                    support GCC operational planning and provides
                                    recommendations for DOD support to USG
                                    ICBRN-R operations.  Each GCC identifies a
                                    headquarters element to provide the initial incident
                                    response and serve as the initial C2 element of
                                    DOD for ICBRN-R operations within their
                                    respective AOR.  When in a supporting role,
                                    CCDRs provide requested forces and assets to the
                                    supported GCCs.  As directed by SecDef,
                                    Commander,
                                                    United
                                                             States
                                                                      Transportation
                                    Command, plans and prepares to move selected
                                    DOD forces and identified elements, equipment,
                                    supplies, and other commodities and those of other
                                    USG departments and agencies, the impacted
                                    nation, and international partners in support of a
                                    President-directed ICBRN-R and/or other military
                                    CBRN response assistance operations.  Defense
                                    Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) provides
                                    operational and technical advice and support to
                                    DOD components and other USG departments and
                                    agencies, as requested and approved regarding
                                    ICBRN-R operations.  As in the US, if a CBRN
                                    incident occurs, US commanders on foreign
                                    territory may, when requested by the impacted
                                    nation, exercise their immediate response authority

to assist.  However, their response is more restrictive (i.e., limited to only saving lives) than within the US homeland.

Assets
Assets that could respond to an ICBRN-R incident include: foreign emergency support team,
consequence management support team; DTRA CBRN military advisory team; the US Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute; Air Force Radiation Assessment Team; the US Marine Corps Chemical-Biological Incident Response Force; and the United States Army 20th Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosives Command.

Command Relationships
The DOD supports the lead federal agency (LFA) during
USG
ICBRN-R
operations,
unless
otherwise directed by the President.  DOD forces remain under the C2 of the supported CCDR. DOS retains responsibility for coordination among USG entities.

Affected Nation Considerations
                                  A major part of any ICBRN-R operation is
                                  augmenting affected nation operations, not
                                  replacing them.  The US embassy within the
                                  country should identify HN CBRN response
                                  capabilities in order to maximize the effectiveness
                                  and efficiency of the USG response.  ICBRN-R
                                  may require specialized equipment such as
                                  decontamination systems, mobile laboratories,
                                  field hospitals, medical equipment, and emergency
                                  shelter.  However, the affected nation may have
                                  safety, interoperability, or other issues with the
                                  importation and use of such equipment in a CBRN
                                  response.  The affected nation will likely have its
                                  own guidelines for decontamination.  However,
                                  international standards may also apply to an
                                  international CBRN incident.


Joint and Multinational Force Considerations

In general, when conducting ICBRN-R, standing
rules of engagement (SROE) should be applied.
However, CCDRs may augment SROE with
supplemental
              measures
                          or
                              by
                                   submitting
supplemental measures to SecDef for approval.
During ICBRN-R operations, the ability of the JTF
to work with all organizations and groups is
essential to mission accomplishment.  The civil

military operations center is a focal point as the
primary meeting place of these elements,
represented by US Service liaisons, military liaisons
from participating countries, US Office of Foreign
Disaster Assistance representatives, DOS personnel,
affected nation representatives, and representatives
from the United Nations, nongovernmental
organizations
                 (NGOs),
                              and
                                     international
organizations.


Applicable International Laws and Agreements

The complexity of ICBRN-R policies, treaties, and agreements requires continuous involvement of the staff judge advocate or appropriate legal advisor with the planning, control, and assessment of operations.  International law, policies, treaties, and agreements to which the US is a signatory identify certain rights and obligations that may affect joint operations.  These legal requirements may pose constraints and restraints.

## Department Of Defense-Led Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response

General DOD-led CBRN response operations are generally conducted in one of two situations.  DOD may be directed to coordinate the USG CBRN response in a permissive or uncertain environment where the DOS has no established diplomatic presence in the joint operations area to facilitate LFA activities, or there is no functioning HN government to meet ICBRN-R requirements.  The US military will lead CBRN response operations conducted concurrently with military operations in hostile environments consistent with strategic planning guidance.

Roles and Responsibilities
OSD coordinates JFC requests for support and forces with other USG departments and agencies. OSD coordinates with other USG departments and agencies for the transition or transfer of responsibility of CBRN response operations to other USG departments and agencies, international agencies, or other countries, as appropriate.  CJCS, through the Joint Staff, coordinates with combatant commands and Services to make sure that DOD- led CBRN response operations are executed

incompliance with domestic, international, and foreign laws, policies, treaties, and agreements.

Joint Force Considerations
One major objective is to conduct DOD-led CBRN
response operations without jeopardizing critical military operations and objectives.  However, commanders should plan for the diversion of combat forces and possible changes to overall end states and objectives due to the significance of a CBRN incident.
Planning Considerations During Military Operations

DOD-led CBRN response operations may be
required to facilitate combat operations, and
depending on the nature and purpose of the
activities, may require coordination with response
operations of domestic civilian authorities,
multiple countries, partners, and a wide variety of
international organizations and other NGOs.
Regardless of the status of an impacted nation
government or partner nations, international
organizations, and NGOs will have significant
equities in the operation.  Therefore, JFCs should
anticipate
          considerable
                        interagency
                                    and
intergovernmental coordination requirements.
DOD-led CBRN response operations can occur at
any point in a campaign.  Therefore, these
operations should be considered as a branch to
contingency operations.


General Planning Considerations Many shaping activities take place to support DOD
                                 efforts to lead CBRN response.  These activities
                                 include
                                           joint,
                                                  interagency,
                                                                bilateral,
                                                                           and
                                 multinational CBRN response exercises and
                                 training; efforts to build partner CBRN response
                                 capacity; and consultation with partner nations and
                                 civil authorities.  US law, international law,
                                 policies, treaties, and agreements to which the US
                                 is a signatory, identify certain rights and
                                 obligations that may affect DOD-led CBRN
                                 response operations.  These legal requirements
                                 may pose constraints and restraints and shape the
                                 planning and execution of operations.



CONCLUSION


This publication provides joint doctrine for military domestic or international response to minimize the effects of a CBRN incident.



## Chapter I Overview

"DOD [Department of Defense] forces will prepare for and, when directed by the President of the United States or SecDef [Secretary of Defense], conduct CBRN [chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear] response operations in defense support of civil authorities in the homeland to save lives, protect property and the environment, and meet basic human needs in order to reduce the effects of a CBRN incident."
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 3125.01, Defense Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Incidents in the Homeland

## 1.  General

a.  This publication focuses on the US military response to minimize the effects of a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) incident, regardless of who is designated the United States Government (USG) lead.  This includes the response to both deliberate and inadvertent CBRN hazards.  As preparation is a requirement for effective response efforts, emergency preparedness (EP) activities are discussed as well.  A US military response is not automatically triggered by a CBRN incident.

(1)  **CBRN Incidents.**  A CBRN incident is any occurrence, resulting from the use of CBRN weapons and devices; the emergence of secondary hazards arising from counterforce targeting; or the release of toxic industrial materials (TIMs) into the environment, involving the emergence of CBRN hazards.  Domestically, a CBRN incident may result in a USG response under the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; the President declaring an emergency or a major disaster under the Robert T.  Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act or National Emergency Act; and response by USG departments and agencies under their own legal and regulatory authorities. A USG response would normally only be required when local, territorial, tribal, or state authorities are overwhelmed by the incident; if there are shortfalls in local, territorial, tribal, state, or federal response capabilities; or other USG departments and agencies may require a defense support of civil authorities (DSCA) request for Department of Defense (DOD) assistance.  For CBRN incidents occurring on foreign soil, either a host nation (HN) or international organization could request a USG response.  An incident likely to create a harmful domestic effect, such as the spread of infectious disease or radioactive material across borders into the US, may require the President to declare an emergency under the National Emergencies Act.  Outside of certain response requirements discussed in DOD issuances, an order from the President/Secretary of Defense (SecDef) is typically required for DOD CBRN response.

(2)  International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response
(ICBRN-R).  USG activity that assists foreign governments in responding to the effects from an intentional or accidental CBRN incident on foreign territory in order to save and sustain lives, stabilize the situation, protect property and the environment, and/or meet basic human needs.

b.  **USG Approach in Responding to a CBRN Incident.**  The USG approach when responding to and managing the effects of a CBRN incident is vested in CBRN response. CBRN response can be described generally as the overarching USG's capability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from the effects of a man-made or natural CBRN incident.  When required, the USG will coordinate its response to a CBRN incident in one of three ways, based on geopolitical situations:  normally, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the USG lead agency for domestic CBRN response.  However, other federal agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), may serve as the lead agency depending on the location and size of the incident and authorities under which the response is conducted; for an incident overseas, excluding homeland areas, the Department of State (DOS) is the USG lead agency for ICBRN-R.  In either of those situations, and when directed, DOD typically provides support to the appropriate USG lead; lastly, a scenario could require DOD to lead CBRN response when a HN is unable to respond effectively or DOS is unable to lead the USG
response.  This scenario occurs during ongoing military operations, when a nation is unable to provide an official request for support, or where DOS does not have an established presence.
c.  **DOD Perspectives of CBRN Response.**  DOD CBRN response falls under one of three distinct constructs (see Figure I-1).

## Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Responses

Ways:  Simultaneous and synchronized operations focused to contain and then minimize hazard
effects through security operations, reconnaissance, decontamination, provision of essential services, and rapid transition to appropriate authority where necessary. Key
elements include:  coordination of response with partners; rapid response and hazard
reduction; short-term remediation and restoration of essential services and facilities; and
effective communications to sustain assurance and dissuasion.
Means: Fully integrated US and partner nation capabilities linked across components and
echelons of command.

(1)  DOD conducts domestic CBRN response in order to save lives, protect property and the environment, and meet basic human needs.
(a)  Domestic CBRN response is a component of the DSCA mission when DHS
leads the USG domestic CBRN response effort.  See Joint Publication (JP) 3-28, Defense Support of Civil Authorities, for more information.
(b)  Domestic CBRN response is a component of the homeland defense (HD)
mission when DOD leads the USG domestic CBRN response effort.  See JP 3-27, Homeland Defense, for more information.

(2)  DOD conducts ICBRN-R in order to provide immediate, lifesaving assistance, including emergency provision of food, water, shelter, and medical aid to affected populations overseas.  Additionally, DOD conducts ICBRN-R to protect US citizens and US
Armed Forces abroad in order to minimize human casualties and provide temporary associated essential services.  ICBRN-R is conducted concurrently with foreign humanitarian assistance (FHA) mission whether DOS or DOD leads the USG response effort.  See JP 3- 29, *Foreign Humanitarian Assistance,* for more information.

(3)  When directed, DOD can lead USG domestic CBRN response and ICBRN-R
efforts and will always lead CBRN response on military installations, and in cases with CBRN hazards emerging during military operations (including combat, transportation, and storage) to protect personnel, property, and the environment in accordance with (IAW) existing laws and regulations.

## 2.  Domestic, International, And Department Of Defense-Led Situations

a.  Joint forces may respond to CBRN incidents under several different situations characterized as domestic, international, and DOD-led.  Both the geographic location and the political or diplomatic context factor into the selection of the USG lead for a CBRN incident response.

(1)  **Domestic Response.**  The geographic scope of the domestic CBRN response is associated with the US homeland.  The homeland is the physical region that includes the continental United States (CONUS), Alaska, Hawaii, US territories, and surrounding territorial waters and airspace.  For most domestic CBRN incidents, when requested by the affected state, tribe, or territory, DHS normally leads and coordinates the federal government's incident management efforts to include the resources utilized in responding to, or recovering from, terrorist attacks, major disasters, or other emergencies.  Generally, DOD, when tasked, supports DHS within the guidelines of the National Response Framework (NRF) and National Incident Management System (NIMS).  The complex and unique aspects of domestic CBRN response are detailed in Chapter II, "Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response."
(2)  **International Response.**  DOD normally supports DOS as the lead agency in USG ICBRN-R efforts.  A CBRN response that takes place in a permissive international operational environment requires a request for ICBRN-R to originate from an affected nation through DOS.  In cases where the HN lacks the capability to request assistance or DOS lacks an established diplomatic presence, the President may direct DOD to lead an ICBRN-R mission.

(3)  **DOD-Led Response.**  DOD may lead USG domestic and ICBRN-R efforts when directed to do so by the President.  In these cases, DOD is the supported agency for response until they are able to transition lead agency responsibilities to another interagency CBRN lead:  DHS in the case of a domestic response and DOS in the case of an international response.  DOD will always be the lead agency for a CBRN response on military installations, in cases where the CBRN hazard emerges from DOD property and where required by law.  DOD will also lead CBRN responses during combat operations, military transportation mishaps, storage and/or weapon handling mishaps, and other CBRN incidents in which DOD is deemed responsible.  In each of these cases, DOD coordinates its CBRN response with interagency partners, local civilian authorities, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) as appropriate to operate effectively within the operational area.
b.  DOD has an associated preparation and CBRN response framework for specific employment of military forces in the overall USG effort in each of the three designated CBRN response situations.

## 3.  Emergency Preparedness For Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response

CBRN response provides the operational framework for authorized measures DOD
undertakes in preparation for anticipated CBRN incidents to minimize the loss of life and property and to assist with the response and any required short-term recovery.  This includes having plans, policies, procedures, training, and equipment necessary to effectively respond to CBRN incidents.

a.  **Planning and Policies.**  All geographic combatant commanders (GCCs) plan and execute coordinated responses to CBRN incidents in their areas of responsibility (AORs)
IAW DOD policies and law.  Guidance documents are listed in Appendix A, "Key Legal, Strategy, and Policy Documents and International Protocols."
b.  **Training and Equipment.**  Responding to a CBRN incident requires specialized training and equipment, especially in warm (decontamination) and hot (contamination) zones.  However, DOD CBRN response forces receive required training and equipment to minimize CBRN effects under a variety of environmental conditions.  Procedures for employing DOD forces to effectively respond to the CBRN incidents are detailed in subsequent chapters.

## 4.  Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response

a.  CBRN response considers the total capabilities and limitations of affected civil authorities, from the local first responders, up through the state response, to the federal response level.  When civil authorities, up to and including the federal level, lack necessary CBRN capabilities to effectively respond to the situation, military CBRN support is requested.  For all domestic incidents (including a CBRN incident), the NRF and the National Disaster Recovery Framework provide national guidance for incident management and acknowledges the DOD as a full partner in the federal response when tasked.  The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)
issuances frame US military support of a USG response for domestic and international CBRN incidents.

b.  Domestic CBRN response is the USG's overall multiple department and agency effort to prepare for and respond to a CBRN incident within the US and its territories IAW the NRF.  Domestic DOD CBRN response (with DOD and/or National Guard [NG] in Title
10 or Title 32, United States Code [USC], status or in state active duty status) is a form of DSCA (with DHS as the lead for coordinating the USG response).  A domestic DOD CBRN
response leverages the total force capabilities of the Active Component (AC) and Reserve Component (RC) in the homeland.  The DOD CBRN Response Enterprise entails an integrated AC and RC approach for DOD to provide a CBRN response.  As such, different AC and RC elements of the DOD CBRN Response Enterprise may be in direct support of different civil entities, at any given time.  For example, during a CBRN incident, NG forces may remain under the command and control (C2) of a state governor, while Title 10, USC, active duty forces may remain under the separate C2 of Commander, United States Northern Command (CDRUSNORTHCOM) in support of the lead federal agency (LFA).  Also, an appointment of a dual-status commander (DSC) may be used for C2, when agreed upon by SecDef and the state governor.  In this case, the DSC would have C2 separately over both federal and state military forces, through their respective chains of command.
c.  **CBRN Response on DOD Installations.**  DOD installation commanders develop CBRN responses for the installation as part of their installation emergency action plan IAW Department of Defense Instruction (DODI) 3020.52, DOD Installation Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and High-Yield Explosive (CBRNE) Preparedness Standards; DODI
6055.17, *DOD Installation Emergency Management (IEM) Program; and* DODI 6200.03, Public Health Emergency Management Within the Department of Defense.  Note: "CBRN response" is captured in the NRF and in Presidential Policy Directive (PPD)-8, National Preparedness.  Domestically, DOD conducts CBRN response in support of broader USG CBRN activities to prepare for, respond to, and provide a foundation to recover from CBRN
effects, as a result of natural or man-made disasters.  The term ICBRN-R applies to USG
support, through DOS, to an HN and is a valid term, when used accordingly.

d.  In a DOD-led CBRN response, DOD serves as the lead USG agency.  However, DOD may be supported by other USG organizations.  A DOD-led CBRN response would typically occur during military operations, a CBRN hazard is involved, or in other situations in which DOS lacks sufficient local authority, or presence to lead the USG's response.

## E.  **The Joint Force In Cbrn Response**

(1)  Due to the potentially catastrophic nature of a CBRN incident, a DOD joint force may be called upon to assist with a domestic CBRN incident prior to civilian resources being overwhelmed or depleted.  Even prior to being formally tasked to assist, the joint force commander (JFC) should strive to develop full situational awareness with respect to the incident's cause to better understand the impact and to prevent further injury or harm to the civilian populace or the responding joint force.  Situational awareness is especially important in suspected or known adversary attacks for force protection considerations.
(2)  A SecDef-designated JFC is responsible for leading the DOD-led CBRN
response and its role to manage resources effectively so as to minimize the impact of the CBRN incident.

(3)  Many DOD strategies, activities, and programs support preparation for a CBRN
response.  Examples include training, planning, and exercises in both the domestic and international environments.
(4)  Security cooperation activities (e.g., multinational exercises, exchanges, experimentation, and counterproliferation and nonproliferation activities), while not a part of ICBRN-R, still serve to foster positive working relationships and build partner capacity to prepare for and respond to CBRN incidents, which may reduce the need for US forces in ICBRN-R operations.

(5)  **Notional Joint Task Force (JTF) Structure.**  A JTF may be established, or an existing one tasked, to provide or facilitate the provision of a variety of CBRN response capabilities to minimize the effects of the CBRN incident.  These capabilities may be located within the current force, or they may be requested from other DOD sources and attached to the JTF.  The capabilities may be CBRN specific (e.g., CBRN reconnaissance, decontamination) or general (e.g., security, transportation), capable of functioning in CBRN environment.  The composition of each CBRN response element will be based on incident type and severity.  Possible capabilities the JTF might be tasked to provide or facilitate are included in Appendix C, "Department of Defense Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response Enterprise."  The exact composition of each CBRN response element will be based on incident type and severity.

(a)  Command and Control Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response Element (C2CRE).  This JTF organizational element focuses on the overall C2 and management of the CBRN incident, as well as the intra-team communications, interagency communications, and ability to provide situational awareness to adjacent agencies and supported higher headquarters.  The C2CRE is tasked to provide:
1.  Secure, encrypted digital voice and data communications via Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET)/SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET)/Global C2 System.

2.  High-speed, secure multimedia communications with reachback
capability.

3.  Warning reporting services. 4.  Functionality to conduct incident simulation and projection exercises. 5.  Assistance in dealing with displaced civilians (civil affairs).
6.  Assistance in transitioning support to civilian authority.

(b)  **CBRN Response Reconnaissance and Surveillance Elements.**  These elements provide capabilities to locate, detect, identify, quantify, collect samples, survey, observe, monitor, report, and mark contaminated areas.

(c)  **CBRN Response Decontamination Elements.**  These elements support methods and technologies required to neutralize or remove hazmat, including chemical warfare (CW) agents, TIMs, biological warfare agents, and radiological contamination.  The capabilities needed for decontamination include:
1.  Rapid assembly and dissemination of the decontamination capability at multiple sites.

2.  Decontamination of personnel (ambulatory and non-ambulatory) and certain individual equipment.

(d)  **CBRN Response Medical Element.**  These elements support force health protection and provides capabilities required for the triage, treatment, initial tracking, and transport of casualties involved in a CBRN incident.

(e)  **CBRN Response Force Protection Element.**  These elements support the protection of DOD personnel responding to a CBRN incident.  Separate security elements may be required to provide convoy, airport, military aircraft, seaport, and ship security, as appropriate to the mission being performed.  Additionally, coordination with USG crime scene investigators may be necessary.  The force protection element may be called upon for:

1.  Implementing appropriate antiterrorism (AT) measures.
2.  Establishing early warning systems within the JTF operational area. 3.  Providing convoy and patient transport security. 4.  Incident site control, to include entry and exit management.
(f)  **Search and Rescue (SAR) Elements.**  These elements support all capabilities necessary to search for and rescue casualties from a contaminated or hazardous environment.  Casualties are usually decontaminated prior to transit from the incident site.  A SAR element requires specialized technical rescue training to support the rescue of personnel and equipment from a CBRN environment using unique SAR equipment for an urban and structural collapse environment
(g)  **General Support Element.**  These elements support all capabilities necessary to provide the general support to all the other mission areas and maintain force readiness.  This includes providing the transportation, maintenance, engineering, and personnel support services to enable the effective employment of the other mission areas.

Guidelines for establishing a JTF and standing JTF headquarters can be found in JP 3-33, Joint Task Force Headquarters.  Guidelines for obtaining operational contract support
(OCS) can be found in JP 4-10, Operational Contract Support.

f.  **Doctrinal Publication Relationships.**  Several joint doctrine publications relate to DOD CBRN response and provide critical information on employment of forces in a CBRN environment.  JP 3-41, *Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response,* shares a relationship with several publications within the joint doctrine hierarchy, specifically JP 3-
11, *Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments;* JP 3-27, Homeland Defense; JP 3-28, *Defense Support of Civil Authorities;* JP 3-29, Foreign Humanitarian Assistance; JP 3-40, *Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction;* and JP 4-02, Joint Health Services.  The Department of Defense Strategy for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction outlines three end states: no-new weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
possession, no-WMD use, and minimization of WMD effects.  As such, the strategy outlines key capabilities that DOD must have to perform effective CBRN response.  As for DOD, countering weapons of mass destruction (CWMD) is its efforts against actors of concern to curtail the conceptualization, development, possession, proliferation, use, and effects of WMD, related expertise, materials, technologies, and means of delivery (see JP 3-40, Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction).

g.  **Global Considerations.**  Whether in WMD form or occurring due to natural events, disasters, or accidents, CBRN threats, and any resulting incidents and accidents, may require Joint Publication (JP) 3-11, Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments, focuses on maintaining the joint forces' ability to continue military operations in a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) environment.  This is done by describing the CBRN environment in a strategic context, providing a CBRN defense framework, discussing planning and operational considerations, and highlighting the complexities of sustainment.  Furthermore, this publication carefully considers how logistics, personnel services, and health services are critical components of military operations in a CBRN environment.

JP 3-27, *Homeland Defense,* establishes the Department of Defense (DOD) as the lead for response in the homeland defense (HD) mission with support from international partners and United States Government (USG) departments and agencies.  JP 3-27, *Homeland Defense,* details the necessity for DOD to simultaneously coordinate its efforts to meet HD and defense support of civil authorities mission requirements.

JP 3-28, *Defense Support of Civil Authorities,* shares a close relationship with JP 3-41, *Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response,* as the DOD response activities to minimize the effects of a CBRN incident within a domestic scenario are provided as defense support of civil authorities operations.  Both publications address emergency preparedness and response, rely on the National Response Framework, and refer the user to the associated National Incident Management System for additional guidance on incident management.

JP 3-29, *Foreign Humanitarian Assistance,* provides joint doctrine for foreign humanitarian assistance (FHA) operations.  It characterizes foreign consequence management as a mission that is common with FHA operations. Foreign consequence management operations, now international chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear response (ICBRN-R), may be conducted concurrently with foreign disaster relief and humanitarian assistance operations.  DOD supports USG ICBRN-R operations as part of the USG response to CBRN incidents abroad to relieve suffering and avoid further loss of life.

JP 3-40, *Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction,* forms the foundation for all other joint and Service doctrine for addressing weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and provides overarching guidelines and principles to assist in planning and conducting operations to counter WMD.  Countering weapons of mass destruction is a continuous campaign and requires a coordinated, whole-of-government effort to curtail the conceptualization, development, possession, proliferation, use, and effects of WMD-related expertise, materials, and technologies.

JP 4-02, *Joint Health Services,* accepts that the joint force commander (JFC), at all levels, is faced with the possibility that any operation may have to be conducted in a CBRN environment.  Therefore, the component command surgeons, working with the appointed joint force surgeon/joint task force surgeon, have a critical role in guiding and integrating all health services capabilities available to the JFC toward mission accomplishment in a CBRN environment.

a coordinated ICBRN-R.  The USG partners with other likeminded nations to encourage countering of WMD, to promote increased security for storage of all hazardous CBRN materials, and also to build an international capacity to respond to global CBRN incidents.

h.  **Pandemic Influenza (PI) and Other Infectious Diseases.**  A pandemic is an outbreak of an infectious disease that may be of natural, accidental, or deliberate origin occurring over a wide geographic area.  A pandemic is unique in that it is not a discrete event; rather, it is a prolonged infectious disease environment where military operations, including any CBRN response, may continue.  The National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza uses a three-pillar construct for preparation and response, and can be extended to other pandemics, as well.  These three pillars are:  EP, surveillance and detection, and response and containment.  DOD plays a major role in the USG effort to contain, mitigate, and reduce the spread of PI or infectious diseases.  Such actions also help preserve US combat capabilities and readiness, support USG efforts to save lives, reduce human suffering, and minimize the spread of infection.  Additionally, biosurveillance, which relies heavily on surveillance and detection, is the process of gathering, integrating, interpreting, and communicating essential information related to all-hazards threats or disease activity affecting human, animal, or plant health to achieve early detection and warning, contribute to overall situational awareness of the health aspects of an incident, and to enable better decision making at all levels.

(1)  **EP Within DOD for PI and Infectious Diseases.**  Throughout a PI or infectious disease outbreak, US military forces strive to preserve combat capabilities, accomplish assigned missions, and achieve strategic objectives.  Implementation of force health protection measures is the primary focus throughout the entire spectrum of PI and infectious disease preparation, planning, and operations regardless of whether the biological hazard is natural, accidental, or of deliberate origin.

(2)  Health **Surveillance.**  Detecting and tracking the spread of an infectious disease is key to its containment.  Biosurveillance tools are used to detect and track biological threats and hazards and monitor any PI or infectious disease outbreaks that arise from them.  Health threats generate health surveillance requirements in order to document and summarize occupational and environmental health (OEH)/CBRN health risk exposures. Documentation of relevant OEH/CBRN health risk assessment data is maintained in the Defense Occupational and Environmental Health Readiness System.  Additional instructions regarding health surveillance requirements and developing occupational and environmental exposure summaries are found in JP 4-02, *Joint Health Services;* Navy Tactical Reference Publication (NTRP) 4-02.9/Air Force Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (AFTTP) 3-2.82- IP/Army Techniques Publication (ATP) 4-02.82, Occupational and Environmental Health Site Assessment; DODI 6490.03, *Deployment Health;* Department of Defense Directive
(DODD) 6490.02E, *Comprehensive Health Surveillance;* and the Military Committee Memorandum (memorandum issued in the name of the Chairman) (MCM) 0028-07, Procedures for Deployment Health Surveillance.

(3)  **Response and Containment.**  DOD CBRN forces should be prepared to respond to CBRN incidents during a pandemic.  While a pandemic is a medical event and not a CBRN event, CBRN capabilities may be called upon to assist in a variety of means including but not limited to sampling and decontamination.

## 5.  General Planning Considerations For Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response

a.  **Planning Considerations Regarding Hazard Effects.**  Planning considerations for responding to CBRN incidents are influenced by a variety of factors, including USG policy decisions, lessons learned from responses to previous incidents, capability limitations, time, current military operations, studies and analyses, modeling and simulation, live-agent tests and experiments, as well as analysis and exercise of national planning scenarios.  Military planners need to be able to translate a military analysis of available capabilities for use in a CBRN response.  For more information on possible scenarios, see the National Preparedness Guidelines.

(1)  The planning process begins with determining and assessing potential CBRN
responses with respect to the end state the supported combatant commander (CCDR) plans to attain.  The developed response includes standing contingency plans and procedures to determine what forces and capabilities are required in support of requests for assistance (RFAs).  Accidents may occur at chemical plants, nuclear power plants, or other facilities (to include those on DOD installations) that have the potential for release of CBRN material, or they may occur during the transportation of TIMs.  Intentional acts include use of CBRN
materials by adversaries, sabotage, and acts of terrorism.  CBRN materials present hazards that can be both immediate and delayed.  In some instances, the delayed effects can cause significant problems for joint forces and may alter planned operations.  In all cases, the setting and managing of operational exposure guidance (OEG) by the operational commander is a key requirement in protecting forces.

## (2)  **Chemical Agents, Industrial Chemicals, And Their Effects**

(a)  The JFC may be required to manage the consequences of a deliberate or accidental release of chemical agents (chemical substances intended for use in military operations to kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate mainly through their physiological effects)
or toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) (chemicals developed or manufactured for use in industrial operations or research).

(b)  The hazards associated with chemical agent and TIC release vary.  Such hazards include inhalation, absorption, or ingestion of a lethal or incapacitating dose, as well as secondary complications such as asphyxiation, smoke inhalation, and fire.  The use of appropriately certified personal protective equipment (PPE) is important during responses to CBRN incidents involving chemical agents and TICs.

(c)  The scope of CBRN hazards may be quite extensive in an industrialized area.  Any site that stores or uses TICs may pose a threat to personnel even if the site is operating under normal conditions.  Industrial accidents or sabotage, such as destruction of a large industrial complex, may release these potentially toxic substances.  For information on TIC hazards, see the current edition of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg, and the US Department of Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook, http://phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg.

For further doctrinal guidance on chemical agents and TICs, their effects, operational considerations, and force protection, refer to JP 3-11, Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments; Field Manual (FM) 3-11.9/Marine Corps Reference Publication (MCRP) 10-10E.4 [MCRP 3-37.1B]/NTRP 3-11.32/Air Force Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (Instruction) (AFTTP[I]) 3-2.55, Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds; and ATP 4-02.85/MCRP 3-40A.1 [MCRP 4- 11.1A]/NTRP 4-02.22/AFTTP(I) 3-2.69, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Treatment of Chemical Warfare Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries.

## (3)  **Biological Hazards And Their Effects**

(a)  Biological agents are microorganisms and/or biologically derived compounds or molecules that cause disease in personnel, plants, or animals; and/or cause the deterioration of material.  Biological agents are divided into two broad categories: pathogens and toxins.  Biological hazards from industrial, medical, or commercial toxic industrial biologicals can also cause a potential infectious or toxic threat.

(b)  Infectious diseases represent one of the greatest potential threats due to their reproductive ability and incubation period, the time delay from infection to the onset of symptom(s).  An infectious biological incident anywhere in the world may remain undetected for several days to weeks after release due to the incubation periods.  Diagnosis may be slow as many infectious agents have a slow onset and nonspecific symptoms that rapidly escalate in severity.  Another compounding problem is that infectious casualties may be contagious without showing symptoms specific to the disease as they move from one geographic location to another, spreading the range of infection.  Additionally, doctors often find difficulty in differentiating biological diagnoses as many initial symptoms often resemble those of the common cold.  Depending on the biological agent, preventive measures and treatment are difficult to implement due to factors such as large numbers of casualties, ease of travel, and challenges of quarantining.  Finally, first responders may be among the first casualties, rapidly overwhelming local and government support systems.
(c)  When people are infected, medical facilities may be the first source to notice an increase in specific symptoms.  Alternatively, the first signs of an attack may be unusually high and widespread purchase of over-the-counter medicines by civilians within a region.  Domestically, hospitals report to their state departments of health and to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).  The CDC and National Institutes of Health can then recommend steps for containment and treatment.  GCCs encounter similar reporting processes that serve as warning and information sources.

(d)  Terrorists and other enemy elements may also attempt to use biological agents to infect agricultural plants and animals or to contaminate infrastructure, industry, and the environment.
1.  Agriculture can be attacked through animals or crops.  This type of attack can affect a nation's food supply, economics, and international trade.

2.  Bacteria, fungi, and viruses can be genetically engineered for specific functions.  An example is an oil-eating bacterium.  This technology could be used to deteriorate or contaminate industrial supplies or materials.  A bacterial pathogen can be modified to be resistant to a variety of antibiotics and, thus, could be difficult to treat.

For further guidance on biological agents, their effects, operational considerations, and force protection against biological hazards, refer to JP 3-11, Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments; and ATP 4-02.84/MCRP 3-40A.3 [4-11.1C]/NTRP 4.02.23/Air Force Manual (AFMAN) 44-156_IP, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Treatment of Biological Warfare Agent Casualties.

## (4)  **Sources Of Radiation And Their Effects**

(a)  Radiological Sources.  Radioactive materials cause damage by ionizing effects of neutron, gamma, x-ray, beta, and/or alpha radiation.  A population may be exposed to radiation intentionally through two primary methods (other than a nuclear detonation):
radiological dispersal devices (RDDs) and radiological exposure devices (REDs).  RDDs and REDs require less technical knowledge to build and deploy as compared with a nuclear device.  Also, the radioactive materials used in RDDs and REDs are widely used in medicine, agriculture, industry, and research, and thus are far easier to obtain than weaponsgrade uranium or plutonium.  Personnel with access to nuclear materials and technical knowledge may be able to create an improvised nuclear device.  Alternatively, any population can be unintentionally exposed to radiation released during an industrial accident or a natural disaster involving a nuclear facility, such as a nuclear power plant.

1.  An RDD is an improvised assembly or process, other than a nuclear explosive device, designed to disseminate radioactive material in order to cause destruction, damage, or injury.  Adversary use of an RDD often called "dirty bomb" and is considered far more likely than employment of a nuclear explosive device.  A dirty bomb typically combines a conventional explosive device (such as a bomb) with radioactive material.  Dirty bombs are not designed to produce a nuclear detonation.  Rather, they produce a small blast area, an immediate hazard, and larger areas of residual radiological hazards.  The immediate blast dispersion incident produces airborne radioactive material.  Airborne radioactive material contains particles that can be inhaled into the lungs, embedded in open cuts/sores or incorporated into food products growing in nearby agricultural areas.
2.  REDs are radioactive sources placed to cause injury or death.
Constructed from partially or fully unshielded radioactive material, a RED could be hidden from sight in a public place, exposing those who pass by.  A RED does not distribute physical contamination.  However, if the seal around the source is broken, radiological contamination may occur.  The ability of a RED to cause injuries depends on several factors: the amount of radioactive material, radionuclide, distance and shielding materials between the source and personnel, and the duration and/or frequency of exposure.  Unless an installation routinely employs radiation detection devices and/or dosimeters, patients presenting to a medical facility with acute radiation syndrome (ARS) or radiation sickness will likely be the first indication of a RED's employment.

(b)  When responding to a radiological incident, the commander's priorities are to keep critical missions operating while keeping exposure of all personnel as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).  ALARA guidance or parameters should be utilized to establish acceptable levels of contamination as prescribed by policy or the appropriate authority based on the CBRN incident.  Unique post-radiological-incident challenges include determining personnel doses, decontamination challenges, hazard duration that measures in months to years, and lifelong health concerns for personnel with even low-level radiological exposure.  The setting and managing of OEG by the operational commander is a key requirement in protecting forces.

For further guidance on the sources of radiation, their effects, and force protection against radiological hazards (to include setting and managing OEG), refer to JP 3-11, Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments; ATP 3-11.32/MCRP
10-10E.5 [Marine Corps Warfighting Publication {MCWP} 3-37.2]/Navy Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (NTTP) 3-11.37, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Passive Defense; and ATP 4-02.83/MCRP 3-40A.2 [MCRP 4-11.1B]/NTRP 4-02.21/AFMAN 44-161(1), Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Treatment of Nuclear and Radiological Casualties.
For additional information on radiation injuries and ARS, see Medical Management of Radiological Casualties Handbook, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, https://www.usuhs.edu/sites/default/files/media/afrri/pdf/4edmmrchandbook.pdf, and ATP
4-02.83/MCRP 3-40A.2 [MCRP 4-11.1B]/NTRP 4-02.21/AFMAN 44-161(I), Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Treatment of Nuclear and Radiological Casualties.
The latter document is the Services' consensus reference for medically qualified personnel on the recognition and treatment of nuclear and radiological casualties.

(5)  **Nuclear Environment, Nuclear Detonations, and Their Effects.**  Nuclear detonations cause three types of injuries:  blast, thermal, and radiation; as well as additional electromagnetic pulse (EMP) effects.  The type and distribution of casualties depends on the weapon (e.g., yield, height of burst), environmental conditions (e.g., weather conditions), physical environment (e.g., structure types), and personnel conditions (e.g., age, health, skin tone, clothing).

(a)  Blast (pressure) injuries are caused by the overpressure wave traveling outwards from the center of the nuclear detonation.  The types of injuries are much the same as those which occur with conventional explosives.  The human body is remarkably resistant to overpressure, particularly when compared with rigid structures such as buildings. Although many would survive the blast overpressure itself, they will not easily survive the crushing injuries incurred during the collapse of buildings from the blast overpressure or the impact effects of unintentional projectiles (e.g., flying debris and glass).  The majority of casualties from blast effects result from the wind generated as the result of the blast overpressure.  For a 10 kiloton (kt) yield, the velocity of the wind within 1.01.6 kilometers of ground zero will lift and throw people, causing serious injuries.  It will also turn lighter objects into projectiles, resulting in impalement injuries (probability of injury increases with velocity).  Heavier objects may present crushing hazards.

(b)  Thermal (heat) injuries present as flash burns (burns from direct exposure to the thermal radiation pulse, typically ultraviolet, visible, and infrared waves) or flame burns (burns from materials set afire by the infrared energy wave igniting flammable materials).  Close to the fireball, the thermal energy is so intense that infrastructure and humans are incinerated.  Immediate lethality would be 100 percent in close proximity.  The distance of lethality will vary with nuclear yield, position of the burst relative to the Earth's surface, weather, environment, and how soon casualties can receive medical care.  People within line of sight of the burst may be subject to burn injuries up to two miles away for a 10 kt device.  The farther away from ground zero a person is, the less severe the burn injury will be.  Early treatment can reduce mortality rates among the severely burned victims.

(c)  Radiation (electromagnetic waves and/or radioactive particles) injuries from a nuclear blast occur from two sources: initial and residual.  Initial radiation effects occur due to the neutrons and high-energy gamma rays emitted within the first minute after detonation of the weapon.  Severity of exposure depends on the weapon's yield, emissions, shielding, and distance from the explosion.  Residual radiation effects result from either fallout or neutron-induced activity.  The amount of residual radiation will depend on whether the detonation is an air or surface burst (air burst, the fireball does not touch the ground;
surface burst, the fireball does).  A surface burst will cause a tremendous amount of residual radiation.  The fallout hazards from surface bursts are more prevalent due to the presence of emissions (typically alphas, betas, and low-energy gammas) generated when unused-fissile material mixes with vaporized dirt, debris, and other materials, drawn back into the fireball and subsequently deposited downwind.  In contrast, neutron-induced activity (when specific materials are bombarded by neutrons and become radioactive themselves) occurs more prevalently as a result of airbursts.  Collectively, these sources are called fallout.  The extent of fallout depends on the weapon's yield, type, and height of burst, while the area affected depends heavily on the wind.  The hazard to personnel depends on the level of radiation present in the area, the duration of exposure, the distance of the personnel from the radiation area, and any unintended or intended shielding from the contaminated area.

(d)  **EMP.**  An EMP is unlikely to have a direct health threat on individuals.
However, personnel with pacemakers or other implanted devices may be negatively affected.
An EMP can also damage electronic equipment, rendering it inoperable, if it is strong enough.

For further information on EMP effects with graphical representation, refer to the 2008, Critical National Infrastructures, Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse
(EMP)
Attack, www.empcommission.org/docs/A2473-EMP_Commission-7MB.pdf.  For further guidance on the nuclear weapon effects and hazard considerations, refer to JP 3-11, Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments.

## (6)  Impacts Of Cbrn Incidents On Infrastructure

(a)  A CBRN incident can disrupt production and delivery of essential goods and services.  Water supplies may be contaminated or unable to flow to incident area populace.  Public health and emergency services will likely be affected by the CBRN
incident either directly by their proximity to the incident or indirectly by the overwhelming need for the emergency response.  EMP can destroy or cause transitory disruption of the power grid and damage or destroy portable/mobile electronic devices or equipment.  EMP
may further complicate immediate response operations by damaging/destroying the electronics in equipment first responders require.  The transportation and communication infrastructure may be stressed through evacuations, providing relief supplies, or as a direct result of the CBRN incident.  The response required by a joint force could potentially span the range of these effects.

(b)  Support to civilian authorities may also include specific public health support to government health departments, hospitals, health clinics, mortuaries, and pharmacies, to include distribution of pharmaceutical stockpiles.  Joint forces supporting civilian authorities may assist in responding to the needs of affected communities.  A primary concern to all response efforts is restoration of government functions to the affected area.  Effects to public safety and security may result directly from CBRN attacks on government institutions or indirectly from cascading disruption of the institutions.  Indirect effects include cascading disruption and financial consequences to government, society, and the economy through public and private sector reactions to an incident.  Joint forces have the capability to assist in this area by supporting civilian authorities in restoration of essential goods and services.

(c)  Another consequence of CBRN incidents is contamination of infrastructure and terrain.  Contamination can be concentrated or be spread over a significant area depending on the means of delivery and the agent used.  These areas are of operational concern during the recovery phase of the incident.  For larger areas of contamination, specialized forces may be requested to assist governmental authorities logistically by providing transportation for the affected population, assisting with decontamination efforts, assisting with infrastructure restoration, and monitoring operations.

## B.  **General Planning Strategy For Decontamination**

(1)  Considering the scope of the emergency and determining proper decontamination procedures for different scenarios can help this process run more efficiently.  Different forms of decontamination can be worked into response plans for different scenarios.

(2)  The warm zone (contamination reduction zone) is the transition area between the hot zone (exclusion zone) and cold zone (support zone).  This area is where responders enter and exit the hot zone and where decontamination activities take place.

(3)  If the decontamination line or area is established outdoors, it should be in an area that is upwind of the hazard.

(4)  Locate decontamination lines in areas easily accessible to ambulances or other emergency transport vehicles if at all possible.

(5)  Determining the number of decontamination lines necessary is also a factor to consider.  For a small incident, one line may be sufficient.  If casualties are being taken from the area by one group of responders while another group of responders stops or cleans up a spill, it might be advantageous to have multiple lines:  one for ambulatory casualties, a second for responders and equipment or non-ambulatory casualties.

(6)  The hot zone (exclusion zone) is the area with actual or potential contamination and the highest potential for exposure to hazardous substances.  Everyone and everything that comes out of the hot zone must be checked for contamination and decontaminated as necessary.  While decontamination personnel should practice contamination control measures for radiologically contaminated casualties, they should give lifesaving medical care priority over thorough decontamination.  However, contaminated clothing from the casualty should be removed, and initial skin decontamination should be completed, if possible. Precautions should be taken to prevent a contaminated individual from passing contamination on to emergency medical personnel, ambulances or response vehicles, and hospital emergency roomspotentially putting these resources out of service until they can be properly decontaminated.  In a large-scale emergency, this can be very problematic. See ATP 3-11.32/MCWP 10-10E.5 [MCWP 3-37.2]/NTTP 3-11.37, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Passive Defense.

## C.  Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Or Nuclear Response Planning Considerations

(1)  **Assessment.**  A thorough assessment of the employed CBRN material and/or its effects provides feedback such as protection requirements, hazard levels, areas of contamination, expected duration of hazards, etc.  This information contributes to the commander's situational awareness and technical assessment capability throughout any response.  Objectives may include providing temporary critical life support; protecting critical infrastructure, preventing great property damage, protecting the environment;
containing the incident; and enabling community recovery.  In addition, it is advantageous to respond in such a manner that the effects of the incident are minimal and serve as a deterrent for future domestic and international terrorist attacks.  Every incident will be different, but the underlying concepts remain constant.

(a)  Immediately after a CBRN incident, initial assessments determine the scope and magnitude of the incident and ultimately determine the need for DOD and joint force participation.  Assessments should be done as quickly as possible to avoid additional lives being lost.

(b)  The CCDR, at the request of federal and state/territory or supported nation authorities, sends a site assessment team to conduct assessments to gain early situational awareness in response to a CBRN incident.  Common assessment requirements are provided below:
1.  **Damage and Injury Reports.**  Examine initial damage and injury reports for information on specific CBRN effects.  Reports should be scanned for details including contamination control measures initiated and the number of contaminated casualties.  Each CBRN incident has unique characteristics requiring appropriate follow-on response measures.

2.  **Nature of the Incident.**  Examine the effect on the population and infrastructure to identify response capabilities required to address the incident.  This includes assessing risk to responders in order to determine force protection requirements.

3.  **Force Protection.**  Plan for and implement force protection measures.
Force protection considerations are a top priority during any CBRN response operation and include providing proper protective equipment to personnel, planning for site safety, security, individual awareness of hazards and dangers, protection from contamination through proper marking and avoidance of contaminated areas, air monitoring, and health services.  Force protection efforts must include consideration of secondary incidents/devices that may target first responders or be designed to intentionally spread contamination.  While these factors are primarily CBRN-oriented, the force may also be vulnerable to multiple types of opportunistic threats by adversaries, so the threat assessment must not be focused solely on CBRN.

4.  **Duration and Geographical Extent of the Incident.**  Assess the number of jurisdictions affected by the incident and the likelihood of the scope expanding significantly due to population migration and weather/terrain.

5.  **Weather and Terrain.**  Examine the effects weather and terrain may have on the CBRN material to include dispersion of chemical, biological, or radiological agents or toxic material by wind or water (e.g., stream/river flows).

6.  **Public Reaction.**  Gauge public reaction to the incident as it can affect response requirements, particularly if the level of fear is high or likely to grow, or if massive population movement is under way or expected.

7.  **Mission Duration.**  Assess mission duration, as it drives sustainment requirements.  Extenuating circumstances may prolong CBRN response in the event civilian capability is lacking or inadequate.  However, transition back to local responders should occur as soon as practical.

8.  **CBRN Reconnaissance and Surveillance Tasks.**  Plan for the conduct of locating, detecting, identifying, quantifying, sample collecting, surveying, observing, monitoring, reporting, and marking contaminated areas.  Military forces generally have only basic sampling and detection capabilities, so specialized military units may be required.

9.  **Identification of Supporting DOD Forces.**  Local civil authorities may have NG and DOD forces assisting within their area under immediate response authority.  The GCC should coordinate through the Services who will coordinate their support under immediate response authority prior to the execute order (EXORD) and JTF establishment.  Understanding the capabilities of forces currently operating within the joint operations area (JOA), and leveraging their communications and logistics capabilities will accelerate JTF force arrival and employment.  CCDRs should also coordinate with OSD and the National Guard Bureau (NGB) to determine future mission support requirements to the local authorities.  Locally available forces may be able to continue response operations or be committed to emerging requirements, thereby eliminating duplication of capabilities required for the CBRN response.

## (2)  Coordination Planning

(a)  **Interorganizational Coordination.**  DOD will liaise and coordinate with other agencies and civilian authorities.  Interorganizational coordination is a continuous process that should be established and emphasized prior to an incident, as well as during and after an incident.  Coordination takes place at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels. Whether coordination is conducted through the CCDR's joint interagency coordination group or other means such as an interagency planning cell or group at the combatant command (CCMD) or JTF levels, the importance of interorganizational coordination in the planning process cannot be overstated.  Of particular concern is information management and public affairs (PA).  These activities are done in concert with DHS or the chief of mission (COM) and impacted nation, depending upon the operational environment.  The NRF provides additional guidance for domestic situations.  JFCs should be prepared to coordinate operational activities with the National Technical Nuclear Forensics Ground Collection Task Force in the event of a response to a radiological or nuclear incident.  The CCDR and staff will coordinate with the collection task force (TF) through DHS to the Department of Justice/Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for national incidents and via DOS in response to an international RFA. Refer to JP 3-08, Interorganizational Cooperation, for a detailed discussion on interagency, international organization, and NGO coordination during joint operations.

(b)  **State and Local Coordination.**  Determine if specialized national, international, or local assets are responding to the incident.  Commanders at all levels must ensure that all DOD forces, whether under Title 10, USC; Title 32, USC; or state active duty status, synchronize their CBRN response activities with all DOD CBRN responders, as well as, state and local responders.  Attempt to determine response capability gaps and seams that will require filling by DOD resources or capabilities, i.e., equipment, material, or personnel. These processes should be practiced during training events and exercises.

(c)  **Federal Coordination.**  The CCDR and staff coordinate through DHS for domestic incidents and DOS for incidents involving an international response.  These contacts should be verified during routine training events.

(d)  **Communications.**  Determine if communications infrastructure is intact.
If not, or if it is overwhelmed, joint forces may need to augment or replace the communications infrastructure in the affected areas using organic equipment.  This is particularly important in a nuclear incident with resulting EMP.  It should be anticipated that normal civilian communications means (i.e., land-line, cell phone, Internet) will be greatly affected and should not be considered as primary means of communications during a catastrophic incident.

(e)  Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) and **Technical Support.**  EOD
personnel should be part of any CBRN response.  They can provide the capability to detect/locate, access, identify, triage, diagnose, stabilize, render safe/neutralize, recover, exploit, and dispose of any weapons and explosives.  This includes conventional munitions, CBRN munitions, unexploded explosive ordnance, WMD, homemade explosives, and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) to include those enhanced with chemical, biological, and radiological material.  They also provide a reach back capability to the Joint EOD Technical Support Center who provides single point access to a corporate knowledge base of explosives, explosives ordnance, IEDs, and WMDs through the use of multiple databases, the technical information library and subject matter expert resources.

(f)  **Public Health.**  A DOD public health lead should be identified for all units and installations.  Typically the public health emergency officer will serve this function.  The public health emergency officer, or equivalent, should provide recommendations regarding occupational, environmental, and public health threats in the event of a CBRN incident or response.  The public health lead should serve as primary liaison to the local public health officials, the CDC, the National Institutes of Health, the EPA, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and any other pertinent agencies before and during a CBRN
incident.
(g)  **Biometric and Forensic Requirements.**  Where exclusive federal jurisdiction applies, coordinate with the appropriate military legal advisor to determine evidence collection procedures in case the incident is a criminal or terrorist act.  Ensure that biometric evidence is vetted with the Biometrics Identity Management Agency and queried against authoritative federal biometrics databases:  DOD Automated Biometric Identification System, DHS Automated Biometric Identification System, and the FBI Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System.

(h)  **Transition and Termination.**  Commanders need to plan for the termination of military CBRN support.  This is a politically sensitive phase requiring detailed planning.  DOD typically transitions from CBRN operations when the local authorities are capable of assuming the responsibility for the response operations.  This is normally when the immediate danger from the CBRN incident has been eliminated, the capabilities to save lives are in place, and critical services are restored.  DOD does not conduct site remediation or recovery operations as part of CBRN response or ICBRN-R.

(i)  **Legal Requirements.**  In both domestic and ICBRN-R, unique legal requirements may exist.  Legal review by the assigned staff judge advocate (SJA) should occur as the incident unfolds to ensure compliance with any such requirements.

For further guidance on applicable laws and agreements refer to the operational environment chapters and Appendix A, "Key Legal, Strategy, and Policy Documents and International Protocols."
(j)  **Commander's Communication Synchronization.**  Accurate and timely communication with the public is crucial.  Themes, messages, images, and actions should be synchronized across jurisdictions, agencies, and organizations.  Planning must include anticipated outages of civilian mass media capabilities for communicating evacuation and restriction of movement information.

For more information, see ATP 4-02.7/MCRP 3-40A.6 [MCRP 4-11.1F]/NTTP
4-02.7/AFTTP 3-42.3, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Health Service Support in a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environment.

## (3)  **Logistics Planning**

(a)  **Conduct Logistic Support.**  Providing logistic support for a CBRN
response produces numerous challenges.  The force may need to deploy with unique assets and specialized equipment depending upon the mission, situation, and the designated response force.  Examples of such equipment include decontamination systems, mobile laboratories, field hospitals, medical equipment, and facilities for temporary accommodation of persons.  Forces may also be required to operate and/or maintain unfamiliar equipment that will impact training, maintenance, and sustainment.  It is also likely that much of the most critical equipment must operate in a CBRN environment.  These additional requirements illustrate that the nature of such deployments require unique planning and significant joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration (JRSOI) support.
Plans should allow forces to rapidly deploy, conduct JRSOI, and successfully execute their mission immediately after a CBRN incident.  Contamination mitigation needs to be inherent in all CBRN logistics response planning in order to contain the spread of CBRN
contamination and to prevent the unnecessary loss of valuable US assets.  The responsiveness of support forces influences the success of the mission and the trust of the population affected by the CBRN incident.  Logistics planning should address the integration of support for Title 10 and Title 32, USC, and state active duty forces.  Logistics planning should also address support to United States Coast Guard (USCG) forces if they are to be a part of the support operations.  While the DOD CBRN Response Enterprise contains significant tactical-level logistics/support forces, it requires a responsive theater opening and a theater sustainment capability to support operations.

See Appendix B, "Planning Considerations for Logistics and Other Services from Domestic Base Support Installations and Foreign Theater Assets."
(b)  **Deployment and JRSOI.**  Commanders of CBRN response forces are responsible for coordinating and executing predeployment activities, deployment movements to and activities at ports of embarkation, and arrival at ports of debarkation (PODs).  The designated JTF, in coordination with the designated base support installation (BSI) commander and joint field office (JFO), coordinate activities for JRSOI activities.  Depending on the situation, JRSOI of incoming Title 10, USC, forces may not be tied to a designated installation.
It may have to be conducted through an abbreviated method of capturing personnel and equipment status without requiring the traditional deliberate JRSOI model. For other deployment and redeployment operations, see JP 3-35, Deployment and Redeployment Operations.

(c)  **Transportation.**  Planners must anticipate that critical transportation routes and infrastructure may be disrupted by the incident itself or by secondary effects such as populace movement and emergency response efforts.  Both primary and alternate transportation routes and staging areas need to be identified.  Federal and/or state joint force headquarters staff coordinates movement restrictions and transportation safety and determines accessibility and status of rail and road networks, aerial ports of embarkation, aerial ports of debarkation (APODs), seaports of embarkation, and seaports of debarkation
(SPODs) within the operational area.  The CJCS, by the authority of and at the direction of the President or SecDef, issues a deployment order (DEPORD) to deploy US forces supporting any CBRN response.

1.  All transportation modes should be considered for providing support to the CBRN response including organic assets.  The deployment of unit personnel, supplies, and equipment should be phased so as to not overwhelm throughput of ports of embarkation/PODs, rail and road networks, and on-site reception and support capabilities.
For those units that cannot deploy with organic assets, United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) can provide common-user air, land, and sea transportation for deployment, employment, and redeployment of forces and equipment conducting domestic CBRN response operations.  Due to the detrimental effects of aircraft contamination and the difficulties of decontaminating aircraft, operational commanders should consider all measures consistent with mission priorities and operational risks to debark uncontaminated or packaged decontaminated cargo, equipment, and personnel at clean (uncontaminated) airfields.
For more information on air mobility operations in a CBRN-contaminated environment, refer to MCM 0026-02, Chemical Warfare (CW) Agent Exposure Planning Guidance, and JP 3-17, Air Mobility Operations.

2.  USTRANSCOM also provides aeromedical evacuation, air refueling, and aerial port services to support CBRN response.  However, in a contaminated environment, USTRANSCOM will not transport contagious and contaminated casualties within the aeromedical patient movement system.  In extreme circumstances, there may be a requirement to move contagious index cases (approximately two) for evaluation or critical medical care.  If patient movement is required, the involved air evacuation of patients with potentially lethal, contagious infections poses unique challenges and risks to air crews and medical personnel.  The decision to move contagious casualties will be directed through USTRANSCOM and the GCC.  CCDRs; Commander, United States Transportation Command (CDRUSTRANSCOM); and SecDef, in consultation with medical authorities, provide necessary prior approval.  Logistic planners need to be cognizant of the potential issues pertaining to requirements for the staging, reuse, transportation of, and/or disposition of decontaminated or residually contaminated equipment used during the CBRN response. These issues could significantly slow the normal redeployment process.  Planners also need to consider the impact of cleanliness policy initiatives involving the transport of contaminated patients/cargo.

For more information on current cleanliness policy and air evacuation of contaminated/contagious policy, refer to Air Force Instruction (AFI) 41-307 (Attachment
12), Aeromedical Evacuation Patient Considerations and Standards of Care; and USTRANSCOM policy documents titled, Policy on Patient Movement of Contaminated Contagious or Potentially Exposed Casualties.
(d)  **Contracting Support.**  Effective OCS is critical to expedite the procurement of material and services in support of a CBRN response.  The operational contract support integration cells (OCSICs) are the instruments that coordinate OCS.  There is a permanent OCSIC at the CCMD and Service component levels.  An OCSIC may be activated at the JTF level, this cell with the assistance of the CCMD and Service component OCSICs is vital to the successful coordination and execution of OCS.  The OCSICs coordinate OCS requirements with personnel at the Service components, the BSIs, the NGB (US property and fiscal offices), combat support agencies (CSAs), and other federal agencies (Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA], etc.).  When contracting for supply, transportation, and services, OCS is used to identify existing contracts already supporting military installations and other USG departments and agencies in the operational area. Contracting support will be provided via the Services' contracting organizations, CSAs, state NG (US property and fiscal offices).  Logisticians should be familiar with the contracting support services provided by all of the identified organizations.

(e)  **Mortuary Affairs.**  When authorized by SecDef, DOD mortuary affairs assets can help minimize the potential health risks posed by mass fatalities and assist in incident response and recovery operations.  The primary mortuary affairs missions in a CBRN environment are mortuary affairs identification tasks and contamination mitigation.
When responding to a domestic incident the mortuary affairs assets perform mission assignments in support of the lead agency. For more information on joint mortuary affairs operations, refer to JP 4-06, Mortuary Affairs, *and Technical Guide 195,* Safety and Health Guidance for Mortuary Affairs Operations:  Infectious Materials and CBRN Handling.
(f)  **Resupply.**  Ensure that critical resupply items are identified and addressed
(e.g., self-contained breathing apparatus refills and other CBRN related consumables).

(g)  **Response Times.**  Time sensitivity for DOD response may vary depending upon the severity and type of incident and may determine the need for a particular mode of transportation.  Another factor that may influence response time is whether other high priority operational missions (e.g., technical nuclear forensics) are occurring simultaneously and compete for limited transportation.  Some logistics assets may be pre-positioned forward into theater to facilitate a more effective response. For more information on general logistic planning and support, refer to JP 4-0, Joint Logistics.

(4)  **Health Services Planning.**  Civil authorities require assistance in Emergency Support Function (ESF) #8 (Public Health and Medical Services) of the NRF.  Providing initial essential stabilizing medical care and forward resuscitative/surgical care are the two essential capabilities that are required in the first hours following any CBRN incident.  DOD
may also be required to provide medical augmentation to local hospitals, community health
(vaccinations, disease investigation, prophylaxis dispensing, preventive medicine, and veterinary support), and patient movement.  It may also be asked to assist with distribution/redistribution of patients, medical logistics distribution, and behavioral health, as well as direct medical treatment and patient decontamination.  DOD coordinates health services with the state health officer through the state's office of emergency management/homeland security (HS).

(a)  **Health Facilities.**  DOD health facilities have important roles in the National Disaster Medical System, local medical response organizations, DOD Laboratory Network, and the Laboratory Response Network.  Local health facilities should identify their capabilities to support and sustain patient movement, patient treatment, ancillary services, and medical sheltering.  DOD health facilities should plan to work in concert with operational medical units in CBRN responses.

(b)  **At-Risk Population.**  Identify the demographics of population at-risk
(elderly, young, pregnant, etc.).

(c)  **Medical.**  Augment the analysis of available information on epidemiological and diagnostic patterns resulting from the incident to address preventive medicine requirements, laboratory services, and casualty evacuation and treatment conducted by local, state, and federal public health authorities.  If international or local medical support is provided, ensure that operating procedures are provided.  Recognize that there are unique issues relating to military medical support to include personnel and supplies.

(5)  **Populace Care Planning.**  During a catastrophic CBRN incident, large numbers of people may be left temporarily or permanently homeless and may require prolonged temporary housing.  The JFC may provide immediate life-saving measures such as emergency food, water, shelter, hygiene, and medical care.  DOD may also provide emergency shelter.  At the earliest opportunity, DOD will transfer populace care responsibilities to civilian authorities for long-term recovery activities.  DOD forces maintain property accountability so that transfers/disposals are properly documented for eventual reimbursement when it is authorized.

(6)  **Decontamination Planning.**  Tasks may include decontamination of civilian and military personnel as well as civilian and military equipment and property.  Additionally, contamination mitigation of human remains require planning.  Planners must understand the decontamination procedures at local hospitals.  Contaminated waste disposal is a key requirement, and important in the context of interagency coordination.  A DOD medical/health representative, with appropriate technical expertise, should support civilian authorities to provide health-based recommendations concerning worker health and safety as well as environmental cleanup aspects related to military unique hazards (i.e., CW agents).
If expertise is not available within the operational area, a number of technical reachback agencies/capabilities that can be contacted (i.e., the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense [USAMRICD]) and US Army Public Health Center to assist the JFC can advise responders.

For the most current clearance criteria and policy guidance for materiel returning to the US, refer to the Office of the Secretary of Defense (Policy) Revised Radiological Clearance Criteria Guidelines for Platforms and Materiel, and Chemical Clearance Guidelines for Platforms and Materiel.  For more guidance on decontamination operations, refer to ATP 3-
11.32/MCWP 10-10E.5 [MCWP 3-37.2]/NTTP 3-11.37, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Passive Defense.

## (7)  Site Management Support Planning

(a)  **Detection/Identification.**  DOD CBRN response forces may be tasked to detect and identify the specific hazard(s) and set hazard boundaries.  Military CBRN surveillance and reconnaissance units may also be tasked to survey the contaminated area to determine extent and level/degree of contamination.  Survey elements might need to consider the incident site as a crime scene by setting boundaries and cordoning the site to safeguard responders and onlookers and prevent further contamination or environmental damage. Hazard areas may need to be marked and isolated to warn and protect the response personnel working in the area.  Setting boundaries facilitates strict control into and out of the incident site.

(b)  **Evidence.**  Evidence collected for forensic analysis on-site, or at a different location and time.

(c)  **Containment.**  Joint force CBRN response forces can provide the capability to minimize further risk or damage to persons, materiel, facilities, and the environment.  Contamination-control measures include leaving equipment in a potentially contaminated area until it is tested for contamination by qualified personnel.  Other measures include encapsulating contaminated items by covering the equipment with plastic bags or tarps.

(d)  **Zone Control.**  In a CBRN response role, joint forces may assist with verification and management of containment boundaries set by civilian (or affected nation)
authorities.  Control zones are operational areas established by civilian authorities at an incident site within which only specific types of operations are conducted.  Figure I-2 depicts these control zones.  The three zones established at a chemical, radiological, nuclear, and some biological incident sites (where there is a contaminated area such as may be the case with anthrax) are often referred to as the hot zone, the warm zone, and the cold zone. Control zones are established to ensure the safety of all responders and control access into and out of a contaminated area.  Personnel working in these areas must adhere to strict procedures to ensure the safety of those working in the zones.  In nearly all cases, the control zones will decrease in size with time as CBRN hazards naturally decrease.  Once the characteristics of the hazard are understood, the control zones and responder PPE can be effectively altered to allow more mission flexibility.
1.  **Hot Zone.**  The hot zone is an area immediately surrounding a hazardous material incident which extends far enough to prevent adverse effects from released contamination to personnel outside the zone.  The level of risk, and thus the included area is determined by the incident commander (IC), accounting for characteristics of the hazards.  The hot zone can also be referred to as the exclusion zone, red zone, or restricted zone and is the primary area of contamination.  The hot zone is the area the IC judges to be the most affected by the incident.  This includes any area to which the contaminant has spread or is likely to spread.  Primary contamination can occur when individuals enter this zone.  Usually, no decontamination or patient care except evacuation is carried out in this zone.  Access is only permitted to personnel who are properly trained and protected.  The IC sets the perimeters of this zone after giving consideration to the type of agent, the volume released, the means of dissemination, the prevailing meteorological conditions, and the potential of local topographic characteristics to channel agent dispersal.
The perimeters of this zone may change as the hazardous agent is carried with the wind. Priorities within the hot zone may include conducting SAR, performing hazard mitigation, and identifying CBRN hazards or other physical obstacles to the entry point.

2.  **Warm Zone.**  The warm zone is the area between the hot and cold zones where personnel and equipment decontamination and hot zone support take place.  The warm zone includes control points for the access corridor and thus assists in reducing the spread of contamination.  The warm zone can also be referred to as the decontamination zone, contamination-reduction zone, contamination-reduction corridor, yellow zone, or limited access zone.  Since this zone is potentially less hazardous than the hot zone, the IC
may authorize personnel to wear reduced levels of PPE based on the suspected hazard characteristics and the environment.  Management of the warm zone includes decontamination corridors where casualties, emergency responders, and equipment are decontaminated and where there is a risk of secondary contamination from objects or individuals brought from the hot zone.  Maintaining access control points connecting the warm zone to the hot and cold zones and for the decontamination corridor assists in reducing the spread of contamination.  Warm zone operation should be established in an area that is safe from downwind exposure and should include the bulk of the decontamination assets where survey teams are positioned and equipment decontamination is accomplished.

3.  **Cold Zone.**  The cold zone is the area where the incident command post, staging areas for equipment, and other support functions that are necessary to control the incident are located upwind and uphill of the warm zone.  Contaminated casualties and emergency response personnel must be decontaminated before entering this zone.  The same basic considerations that are used for the hot and warm zones influence the extent of the cold zone.  The cold zone must be readily accessible and provide the means for safety and rest.  It must also be large enough to accommodate local, state, and federal CBRN response forces (if required) and to serve as the staging area for personnel and equipment.  The operational priorities of the cold zone include providing C2 for operations being conducted in the warm and hot zones and ensuring that there is an area of security for emergency personnel and response forces conducting operations.  Access to the different zones should be tightly controlled and limited to as few people as possible.  Communication between work areas should be face-to-face whenever possible, particularly if the use of radios or other electronic devices (e.g., megaphones) is restricted because of the hazards involved.

4.  **Zone Control in Nuclear Detonations.**  DHS has worked with partner agencies and emergency response partners to establish standard response guidance for emergency planners when dealing with a nuclear detonation.  These recommendations are designed to maximize the preservation of life in the event of an urban nuclear detonation.
The planning guidance summarizes recommendations based on the effects of a 10 kt nuclear detonation in an urban environment.  There are two types of zones associated with a nuclear detonation: physical damage and radioactive fallout.  Although these two zones overlap they are distinct and should not cannot add to the complexity of responding to a nuclear detonation is the inconsistent overlapping of these two zones.  It is possible that responders may be able to access a higher damage zone that has little or no radioactive contamination or exposure and it is just as possible for responders to operate in a zone with little to no damage yet have to deal with radioactive fallout.
a.  **Damage Zones.**  The nuclear explosion's observable phenomena, in the area around ground zero, are linked to an accumulation of the hazards from pressure (blast), heat (thermal), and radiation as discussed in subparagraph 5a(5), "Nuclear Environment, Nuclear Detonations, and Their Effects."  These cumulative hazards make it more dangerous for rescue workers and less likely to find survivors the closer one moves toward the point of detonation.  The observable phenomenon of damage to infrastructure and other objects provides a way to describe zones with rough approximation delineations that can assist planners and the initial emergency responders in managing risk.  There are no clear boundaries between damage zones resulting from a nuclear detonation, but generally, the light damage (LD) zone is characterized by broken windows and easily managed injuries; the moderate damage (MD) zone by significant building damage, rubble, downed utility poles, overturned automobiles, fires, and serious injuries; and the severe damage (SD) zone by nearly complete destruction of buildings and infrastructure.

b.  **Radioactive Fallout Zones.**  The area covered by fallout that impacts responder life-saving operations and/or has acute radiation injury potential to the population is known as the dangerous fallout (DF) zone.  Unlike the LD, MD, and SD zones, the DF zone is distinguished not by structural damage, but by radiation levels.
For further guidance on the nuclear weapon effects, planning considerations, and zone control, refer to https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/24879, for DHS
Planning Guidance for Response to a Nuclear Detonation, and JP 3-11, Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments.

(e)  **Security.**  The JFC may provide Title 10, USC, forces in support of nonmilitary law enforcement agencies.  This support may include, but is not limited to, providing information concerning a violation of state or federal laws, loaning military equipment and facilities, providing personnel to operate and/or maintain the loaned equipment, and providing basic training or expert advice.

(f)  **Monitoring.**  The requirements to monitor personnel, vehicles, and equipment entering or exiting a contaminated zone must be considered in order to prevent the spread of contamination.

(g)  **Movement.**  Consider requirements to decontaminate personnel, vehicles, and equipment in support of evacuation, redeployment, or any movement from a contaminated site.  The intent to retrograde residually contaminated equipment/cargo will require special approval through CJCS due to potential risks and political and environmental sensitivities.

(h)  **Disposal.**  Consider requirements to dispose of unsalvageable equipment and vehicles.  Also, commanders should plan for disposal/disposition of contaminated materials that cannot be feasibly decontaminated.  Commanders for CONUS operations must coordinate waste disposal efforts with other federal, state, and local agencies.  For outside CONUS, the commander must coordinate with the HN.

(8)  **Safety Planning.**  An emphasis should be placed on operations safety during any CBRN response, as CBRN response forces may be requested and deployed with little warning and/or preparation time.  Forces may move immediately into employment with little rest and under extremely stressful conditions.  Military issue protective equipment may not protect against all CBRN hazards.  While Service safety programs are generally run by Service components, additional safety guidelines, standards, and instructions should be established by the JFC.  Tracking of exposure and force health protection compliance should be captured, analyzed, and acted upon as a joint safety effort.

## (9)  Religious Affairs

(a)  Guidance in this section pertains to domestic, foreign, and DOD-led CBRN
response operations.  The primary role for DOD chaplains during CBRN incidents will be to support authorized DOD personnel.  Only during rare and exceptional emergencies may DOD chaplains provide religious support (RS) to non-DOD civilians or first responders, and then only strictly in compliance with command direction, legal guidance, and supervisory chaplain oversight. For more information and legal considerations, see JP 1-05, Religious Affairs in Joint Operations.

## 1.  As Part Of The Dod Cbrn Response, Religious Support Teams (Rsts)

deliver RS and advisement to the commander and authorized recipients according to applicable policies and standard operating procedures.  They can work cooperatively and collaboratively to build partnerships with faith-based organizations and civilian clergy in order to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian care to the affected population.  Emergency spiritual care, traumatic incident management, respecting and honoring the dead, and other religious activities are critical to sustaining DOD personnel and supporting the restoration of a stable society.  Additionally, military chaplains are trained in counseling and, as such, may be able to augment medical forces in the provision of some level of psychological care, when necessary.

2.  Many DOD CBRN units do not contain an embedded RST.  Affected states will likely establish a NG JTF for C2 of NG forces, or a DSC-led JTF may be established utilizing Title 10, USC, RST personnel.  RST augmentation will likely be needed, through an emergency management assistance compact (EMAC) or a request for forces (RFF) for Title 10, USC, RSTs.  The NGB Office of the Chaplain can provide additional qualified RSTs as needed to support the NG JTF.

(b)  RST roles differ according to control zones.  Most RST activities including those pertaining to casualty care, counseling, worship opportunities, memorial services, and stress management occur in the cold zone.  Selected RSTs with proper training and certification, equipment, and command direction may also be tasked to provide limited RS in the warm zone.  RST warm zone activities could include hot zone casualty reception and support to medical triage, mass casualty decontamination, and mortuary affairs operations.  It is not recommended that RSTs enter the hot zone, but be prepared to provide RS to those personnel operating within the hot zone.

(c)  The following specific key locations at the incident site normally require the presence of properly trained, equipped, and authorized RSTs: the decontamination line, casualty collection point, medical treatment facilities, mortuary affairs collection points, and evacuation centers/emergency family assistance centers.  At these locations, RSTs normally focus on RS to casualties and care givers.  They also ensure honor and respect for the deceased.

For more information on legal guidance and supervisory chaplain oversight, see JP 1-05, Religious Affairs in Joint Operations.

(10)  **Biometrics and Identity Activities.**  When the US conducts CBRN response operations overseas, the employment of DOD's biometric capabilities will be a mission enabler.  Working with the partner nations, employment of biometric capabilities can assist in the management of local populations, force protection, initial accountability, access to relief sites, and casualty management (including food and medicine).

6.  Limitation and Mitigation Strategies

## A.  **Risk Management**

(1)  **Risk Assessment Process.**  The risk management process plays an integral role assisting commanders in making decisions where to apply scarce or limited resources, minimizing the effects of threats and hazards in order to accomplish the mission.  The process includes the identification of threats/hazards, critical capabilities and vulnerabilities to mission assets/resources.  A risk assessment involves the collection and evaluation of data concerning the criticality of the resource based on mission impacts, probable threats and hazards, and degrees of vulnerability determining the overall risk posture of the resource.
Matrixes and tables are often used to assist in this process.  The joint force may have an established standard operating procedure for risk assessment.

For further doctrinal guidance on force employment risk management during a CBRN
incident, refer to JP 3-11, Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments.  For further guidance on the risk management process and useful examples of matrixes and tables, refer to ATP 5-19, Risk Management.

For further guidance on force protection posture vulnerability analysis and risk reduction, refer to ATP 3-11.36/MCRP 10-10E.1 [MCRP 3-37B]/NTTP 3-11.34/AFTTP 3-2.70, Multi-
Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Aspects of Command and Control.

(2)  **Risk Control.**  Risk management entails developing controls and making risk decisions, implementing those controls, and then supervising and evaluating.  Maintaining safety discipline is extremely important during CBRN response operations.  The heightened sense of urgency in working to help parents, children, and the elderly who have been contaminated may impact on decisions and cause Service members to want to take more personal risk.  Other examples of long-term hazards requiring leaders to establish controls that consider the reason for the hazard and not just the hazard itself include climatic extremes, CBRN and hazardous waste contamination, or disease threats within the particular operational area or indigenous population. For more information, see ATP 5-19, Risk Management.

b.  **Operational and Strategic Risk.**  Any CBRN response must be rapid in order to save lives and minimize the overall impact of the incident.  JFCs providing CBRN response need to have viable plans and be prepared to make rapid decisions with minimal knowledge of the scope and magnitude of the incident.  Self-confidence and high competency are necessary to execute effectively in a hazardous environment.  Those forces committed by DOD to this mission as part of national preparedness need to be trained and ready when the nation calls.  When these conditions are met, the risk of strategic and operational failure has been minimized.

## Chapter Ii Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response

"The essential services that underpin American society must remain secure and functioning in the face of diverse threats and hazards.  Therefore, we take a Whole of Community approach, bringing together all elements of our societyindividuals, local communities, the private and non-profit sectors, faith-based organizations, and all levels of governmentto make sure America is resilient in the face of adversity... .  We will also continue to enhance pandemic preparedness at home and address the threat arising from new drug-resistant microbes and biological agents."

## 1.  General

a.  **Overview.**  Domestic CBRN response is a type of support provided within the DSCA
mission (see Figure II-1), conducted by DOD forces in order to save lives, protect property and the environment, and meet basic human needs.  See JP 3-28, Defense Support of Civil Authorities, for a complete discussion of DSCA operations.  Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 3125.01, Defense Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Incidents in the Homeland, establishes DOD roles and responsibilities for domestic CBRN response activities.  Domestic CBRN response requires unified effort among local, state, tribal, federal, and DOD organizations.  DOD support for domestic CBRN response can include active duty forces and NG forces serving under both Title 32, USC, and state active duty status.  As a DSCA activity, domestic CBRN response focuses on providing DOD support directly to the civil authorities leading the CBRN response at the incident.  State and local governments are closest to those affected by incidents and have a lead role in response and recovery.  DOD tailors its support to the scope and magnitude of the incident.  Specifically, DOD employs forces with a focus on specific response requirements beyond the resources of state and federal civil authorities.  A  JTF typically leads DOD forces supporting domestic CBRN response, providing C2 of forces trained and equipped for this mission, as well as contingency sourced conventional forces.  Using a phased approach, the JFC leads DOD forces through all phases of domestic CBRN response.

b.  **DSCA.**  DSCA policy and procedures guide DOD support provided by all DOD
personnel conducting domestic CBRN response.  It includes immediate response and followon CBRN operations executing approved RFAs (see Figure II-1).  This DSCA response includes support to federal departments and agencies that assist local, state, and tribal authorities within the US territories.  Figure II-1 illustrates the basic relationships among elements conducting domestic CBRN response.  It includes support provided by NG forces in Title 10 and Title 32, USC, or in state active duty status.  SecDef policy and Joint Staff instructions provide guidance for the operational framework for a joint force's relationship with local, state, tribal, other federal or nongovernmental entities.

## Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response

c.  **DOD and the NRF.**  DOD provides assistance, upon SecDef approval, of an RFA
from an appropriate civil authority.  DOD conducts CBRN response IAW the NRF, ESFs, and incident annexes.  DOD generally identifies DHS/FEMA as the primary agency in its EXORD, operation plan (OPLAN), or operation order (OPORD) authorizing federal military assistance. For more information on ESFs, see the NRF and JP 3-28, Defense Support of Civil Authorities.

(1)  The domestic environment for DSCA presents many challenges to the JFC and more so when responding to a CBRN incident.  It is imperative commanders and staffs at all levels understand the statutory and operational relationships among all federal departments and agencies involved in the operation.  NIMS provides a consistent nationwide template to enable federal, state, tribal, and local governments, the private sector, and NGOs to work together to prepare for, prevent, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of incidents regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity.  NIMS is designed to apply to all incidents, ranging from daily occurrences to incidents requiring a coordinated federal response.

(2)  Commanders at all levels should be knowledgeable about the NRF and NIMS
and how their commands fit in to the overall architecture.  The NRF is a guide to how the US conducts all-hazard responses.  It is built upon scalable, flexible, and adaptable coordinating structures to align key roles and responsibilities across the nation.  It describes specific authorities and best practices for managing domestic incidents that range from the serious but purely local, to large-scale terrorist attacks or catastrophic natural disasters.  The NRF
contains a number of incident annexes that apply to CBRN incidents.  Each annex lists the ESF coordinator and the primary and support agencies involved in the response, and provides information on applicable policies, authorities, planning assumptions, concept of operations, actions, and responsibilities of cooperating agencies for the particular incident described.

For more information on the NRF and NIMS, refer to the NRF Resource Center: http://www.fema.gov/NRF and the NIMS Resource Center: www.fema.gov/NIMS.  These online resources are routinely updated and evolving.

(3)  All domestic CBRN responses are managed at the lowest possible level, with DOD providing support as directed.  When SecDef approves a request for DSCA during a CBRN incident, CDRUSNORTHCOM and Commander, United States Pacific Command (CDRUSPACOM) are the supported GCCs for CBRN responses within their respective AORs as designated in the Unified Command Plan (UCP) for a federal response.  DOD supports the Secretary of Homeland Security (and subsequently the USG department, agency, or component of DHS that has the responsibility for directing or managing the response per the NRF during domestic CBRN response.  The operational chain of command for federal forces remains with the GCC; the operational chain of command for state controlled NG forces remains with the governor.

## 2.  Roles, Responsibilities, Authorities, And Assets

Domestic CBRN response is managed at the lowest possible level, with DOD providing support as directed.  When SecDef approves a request for DSCA during a CBRN incident, CDRUSNORTHCOM and CDRUSPACOM are the supported GCCs for CBRN responses within their respective AORs as designated in the UCP for a federal response.  DOD supports the NRF primary and coordinating agencies during domestic CBRN response operations.  The operational chain of command for federal forces remains with the GCC; the operational chain of command for state controlled NG forces remains with the governor.  A brief synopsis of specific DOD roles and responsibilities for CBRN response in the domestic operational environment is provided below:
a.  **SecDef.**  SecDef retains approval authority for the use of forces, personnel, units, and equipment for DSCA, to include support to any CBRN response.  SecDef has the primary responsibility to provide the overall policy and oversight for DOD in the event of a domestic incident.

(1)  Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense and Global Security)
(ASD[HD&GS]).  The Office of ASD(HD&GS) is within the office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (USD[P]).  ASD(HD&GS) serves as the DOD Domestic Crisis Manager and provides policy oversight for all domestic CBRN incident support. ASD(HD&GS) coordinates with the heads of the DOD components; the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness; and the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics on matters regarding the readiness posture of forces, to include critical infrastructure protection and CBRN response enterprise assets.  See Appendix C,
"Department of Defense Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response Enterprise," for a description of these assets.

(2)  **Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) (ASD[HA]).**  ASD(HA) is within the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness.  The ASD(HA) serves as the principal advisor to SecDef, Deputy Secretary of Defense, and the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness for clinical health care and health surveillance aspects of CBRN medical defense programs.  The office also advises on deployment matters as they pertain to force health protection and readiness for DOD support to USG CBRN response IAW DODD 5136.01, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs (ASD[HA]).  It also oversees the assigned responsibilities of the Director, Defense Health Agency.  This office is responsible for interactions with the Department of Health and Human Services in the National Disaster Medical System.  Each Service maintains federal coordinating centers, which are medical facilities responsible for locating all civilian beds in their geographic location, arranging the transport of patients from arriving aircraft, and all logistics in support of receiving mass casualties from a disaster area.

(3)  **Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for CWMD** supports the USD(P) and Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic Affairs by developing strategies and policies and overseeing the execution of approved policies and programs regarding CBRN defense, WMD missile proliferation, and global threats.

(4)  **Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs) (ASD[RA]).**  ASD(RA)
monitors RC CBRN personnel readiness.  ASD(RA) provides policy regarding the appropriate integration of RC forces into CBRN response efforts.

b.  **CJCS.**  CJCS serves as the principal military advisor to SecDef and the President in preparing for and responding to CBRN incidents, ensures that military planning is accomplished to support the lead or other primary agency during all CBRN responses, and provides strategic guidance to the CCDRs for the conduct of operations.  On behalf of CJCS, the Joint Staff J-3 [Operations Directorate], works closely with ASD(HD&GS) and the Services, CCDRs, and the NGB to produce military orders pertaining to domestic emergencies.  CJCS forwards these orders to SecDef for approval, and then to the appropriate military commander(s) for execution.  The initial request enters through the DOD Executive Secretary and is forwarded to the Office of ASD(HD&GS), who evaluates the request against six criteria: legality (compliance with laws), lethality (potential use of lethal force by or against DOD forces), risk (safety of DOD forces), readiness (impact on the DOD ability to perform its primary mission), appropriateness (whether the requested mission is in the interest of DOD to conduct), and cost (who pays, impact on DOD budget).

## C.  Ccmds

(1)  **CDRUSNORTHCOM.**  When directed by the President or SecDef, CDRUSNORTHCOM provides Title 10, USC, DSCA support to domestic CBRN response. CDRUSNORTHCOM, as DOD's operational CBRN response synchronizer, provides CBRN response  and assistance to US and allied authorities, as directed, within the United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) AOR, to include US territories and protectorates in that AOR.  Other CCMDs can be tasked to provide DSCA in support of CDRUSNORTHCOM during CBRN response.  USNORTHCOM has four subordinate commands to provide C2 for DOD Title 10, USC, CBRN response efforts within the AOR.

(a)  **United States Army North (USARNORTH).**  When approved by SecDef and directed by CDRUSNORTHCOM, Commander, United States Army, North (CDRUSARNORTH) deploys a mission-specific TF or JTF, and conducts CBRN response operations to support federal, state, local, and tribal authorities.  CDRUSARNORTH serves as the USNORTHCOM standing joint force land component commander (JFLCC) and has operational control (OPCON) of Joint Task Force-Civil Support (JTF-CS).  It is also prepared to deploy additional JTF-level, mission-specific headquarters for multiple CBRN incidents to provide appropriate C2 based on the magnitude of the response.  USARNORTH can be augmented by other Services to establish a JFC over subordinate JTFs and/or functional components when required by the scope and magnitude of the incident.  It supports single or multiple incidents with communication zone coordination and logistics operations.

(b)  **JTF-CS.**  JTF-CS is a standing joint operational headquarters dedicated to DOD planning and response to domestic CBRN and other high explosives incidents in support of civil authorities.  CDRUSNORTHCOM has CCMD (command authority) over JTF-CS, and the JFLCC has OPCON of the unit.  JTF-CS forms the command headquarters of the defense chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear response force (DCRF). Routine day-to-day functions include providing advice in doctrine development, requirements identification, training and exercise management, and the promotion of domestic interoperability for DOD CBRN response-capable assets in the AC and RC.  When approved by SecDef, and directed by CDRUSNORTHCOM, JTF-CS deploys to assume C2
of Title 10, USC, resources and forces, and conducts DSCA to assist civil authorities in responding to a CBRN incident within the homeland.  When CBRN incidents occur in the United States Pacific Command (USPACOM) AOR, CDRUSPACOM is the supported commander, and JTF-CS may deploy in their support.

See Appendix C, "Department of Defense Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response Enterprise," for unit descriptions and additional information on CBRN response forces.

(c)  **United States Alaskan Command (ALCOM).**  ALCOM is a subunified command responsible to CDRUSNORTHCOM for the conduct of HD and DSCA, to include CBRN response, within its assigned JOA.
(d)  **Joint Force Headquarters-National Capital Region (JFHQ-NCR).**  As a standing subordinate organization of USNORTHCOM, JFHQ-NCR plans, coordinates, and maintains situational awareness within its assigned JOA to accomplish assigned HD and DSCA missions.  When approved by SecDef and directed by CDRUSNORTHCOM, Joint Task Force-National Capital Region is established and provides C2 of military support operations to help federal, state, and local authorities respond to a CBRN incident within the National Capital Region.

(e)  Defense Coordinating Officer
(DCO), USARNORTH.
CDRUSARNORTH appoints a DCO to each of the 10 FEMA regions to serve as DOD's single point of contact at a JFO.  A DCO may be the first DOD representative on-site and acts as the single DOD point of contact.  The DCO is the designated DOD on-scene member of the FEMA-led JFO, the multiagency coordination center established locally for federal response related prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery actions.  The DCO, supported by a defense coordinating element (DCE), coordinates all RFAs and approved mission assignments with the principal federal official (PFO), federal coordinating officer
(FCO), or designated representative from the NRF primary and coordinating agencies.  If a JTF is established and colocated with the PFO at the JFO, this colocation does not replace the requirement for a DCO and DCE as part of the JFO coordination staff.  The DCO continues to exercise the JFO staff function of mission assignment coordination and validation and acts as a liaison between the JFO staff and the JTF staff.

(2)  **CDRUSPACOM.**  When directed by the President or SecDef, CDRUSPACOM provides Title 10, USC, DSCA support to domestic CBRN response. CDRUSPACOM, as DOD's operational CBRN response synchronizer, provides CBRN response and assistance to US and allied authorities, as directed, within the USPACOM AOR, to include US territories and protectorates in that AOR.  Other CCMDs can be tasked to provide DSCA in support of CDRUSPACOM during CBRN response.

(3)  Commander, United States Special Operations Command
(CDRUSSOCOM).  When directed by the President or SecDef, CDRUSSOCOM conducts special operations in support of national CBRN response activities.  CDRUSSOCOM may provide liaison officers (LNOs) and other assistance to the supported CCDR, as required.

(4)  **CDRUSTRANSCOM.**  CDRUSTRANSCOM serves as the mobility joint force provider for the deployment, distribution, sustainment, and redeployment of DOD forces using common-user and commercial air, land, and sea transportation in support of CBRN response and provides patient movement aeromedical evacuation as required, IAW
current guidance.

(5)  **Commander, United States Strategic Command (CDRUSSTRATCOM).**
CDRUSSTRATCOM is responsible for synchronizing DOD planning for CWMD efforts in coordination with other CCMDs, the Services, and as directed, appropriate USG departments and agencies.

## D.  **Services Within Dod**

(1)  DODD 2060.02, Department of Defense (DOD) Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Policy, directs the Services to organize, train, and equip to support the CWMD mission areas.  Each Service has varied CBRN capability (based on its available doctrine) to conduct and/or support CBRN response operations.  These capabilities may be called upon, when approved by SecDef, to provide forces, facilities, and assets to the supported CCDR as part of the DOD response to a CBRN incident.  Specifically, the Service Chief responsibilities are as follows:
(a)  Provide the Joint Staff J-3 with information on assigned CBRN response capabilities, assets, units, and research or support facilities that are capable of providing reachback or on-scene support to CBRN response operations.

(b)  Identify units available to the supported CCDR consistent with Title 10, USC.

(c)  Provide designated forces, to include Service RC forces, in order to prepare for and to respond to a CBRN incident.  CBRN response support will be provided to the supported CCDR through the appropriate Service component commanders.

(2)  United States Marine Corps Chemical-Biological Incident Response Force
(CBIRF).  CBIRF is a unit that was created to deploy on short notice in response to CBRN
incidents.  CBIRF consists of specially trained personnel and specialized equipment suited for operations in a wide range of contingencies.  CBIRF is designed to minimize the effects of a CBRN incident through detection, identification, extraction, mass decontamination, medical triage, and emergency medical support.

e.  **RC Forces.**  Reserve and NG forces are known collectively as RC forces.  RC forces consist of the Air Force Reserve, Army Reserve, Navy Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve, United States Coast Guard Reserve (USCGR), Army National Guard (ARNG) of the United States, and the Air National Guard (ANG) of the United States.  Guidelines for utilization of RC forces can be found in Title 10, USC, and Title 32, USC, and Title 14, USC, for USCG. Guidelines for utilization of NG forces under state active duty will be found in their respective state codes.
For more information on USCG, Title 14, USC, authorities, see Commandant of the Coast Guard Publication P5850.2C, Coast Guard Legal Authorities.

(1)  **Reserve Forces.**  The RC forces are structured and operated to mirror their respective AC counterparts.  Unlike the ANG and ARNG, the United States Army Reserve
(USAR), United States Navy Reserve (USNR), United States Air Force Reserve (USAFR), United States Marine Corps Reserve (USMCR), and USCGR C2 relationships remain intact in both peacetime and wartime.  These RC forces do not have state-specific relationships. When called to active duty, RC forces conduct DSCA missions under Title 10, USC, guidelines exactly as AC forces; USCGR is recalled pursuant to Title 14, USC.  While on federal active duty, members of the ARNG, ANG, USAR, USNR, USAFR, USMCR, and USCGR are subject to the provisions of the Uniform Code of Military Justice.  RC forces are called to active duty through the mobilization and demobilization processes.

For more information on the RC mobilization and demobilization processes, see JP 4-05, Joint Mobilization Planning.

(2)  **NG.**  The NG primarily operates under one of two separate chains of C2, state or federal.  However, NG forces may be operationally employed under three different legal duty statuses: Title 10, USC (federalized and federally funded); Title 32, USC (nonfederalized and federally funded); and state active duty (non-federalized and state funded).
Unless federalized, NG forces operate under the C2 of the governor and the adjutant general
(TAG) in either state active duty or Title 32, USC, duty status.
For more information, see JP 3-28, Defense Support of Civil Authorities.

(a)  The NG of one state can assist other states responding to a disaster through formal state-to-state agreements, such as the EMAC.  Typically, this occurs in state active duty (non-federalized and state funded).  When requested by the supported state's governor and authorized by the supporting state's governor under a separate memorandum of agreement (MOA), NG elements deploy to the supported state.  The supporting NG forces operate under operational command of the supported state's TAG as granted by the supporting state's governor.  Typically, deployments under a state-to-state MOA are limited to a specific period, such as 30 days.

(b)  Under certain circumstances, a governor may request that the USG pay for the costs associated with a state call up of the NG for emergency response.  The Chief, National Guard Bureau (CNGB) facilitates and resources ANG and ARNG forces and assets through the states adjutants general to conduct CBRN response operations to assist federal, state, local, and tribal authorities in responding to a domestic CBRN incident.  When directed by SecDef, the CNGB supports transition of state active duty or Title 32, USC, NG forces to Title 10, USC, status for DSCA in coordination with the GCCs, through the appropriate Service Chief, the individual states, and the ANG and ARNG.  Even though the NG forces are funded by the USG, in Title 32, USC, status, the governor retains C2 of their NG forces.
Although the distinction between funding lines is important to the respective state and federal treasuries, tactical employment of forces remains the same.  For the JFC, the important distinction is NG units in Title 32, USC, duty status remain under state control; and, as a result, have authority for some missions Title 10, USC units do not.  Because NG forces in Title 32, USC, duty status remain under the C2 of the governor, NG units may support law enforcement missions and are not subject to the restrictions imposed by the Posse Comitatus Act (PCA).

(c)  **NG Capabilities and Contribution.**  The National Guard Coordination Center (NGCC); NG joint operations centers (JOCs); National Guard joint force headquarters-state (NG JFHQs-State); joint task forces-state (JTFs-State); weapons of mass destruction-civil support teams (WMD-CSTs); chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives enhanced response force packages (CERFPs); homeland response forces (HRFs); and the deployable direct incident response emergency communications terminal form the key elements of the NG's CBRN response capabilities.

1.  **NGCC.**  The NGCC provides mutual, shared situational awareness among each NG JFHQs-State and USNORTHCOM during a CBRN incident or other major or catastrophic incidents.  The NGCC synchronizes alert notification and deployment of designated WMD-CSTs, CERFPs, and HRFs and synchronizes notification of deployment of other NG capabilities when requested by a state or agency.  The Joint Continental United States Communications Support Environment enables the NGCC to maintain situational awareness and share information with NG commanders at all levels throughout the 50 states and four territories.  Additionally, it provides a deployable, interoperable communications capability to the JTF-State commander.

2.  **NG JFHQ-State.**  The NG JFHQ-State provides the governor C2
capability for all NG forces in their state or territory.  In the case of the District of Columbia, the C2 of NG forces assigned in the District of Columbia has been delegated to the Secretary of the Army by SecDef.  Therefore, the Joint Force Headquarters-District of Columbia currently operates on behalf of the Secretary of the Army.  During a CBRN or bulk high explosives (HE) incident, the NG JFHQ-State assumes C2 of additional WMD-CSTs and CERFPs deployed into the supported state and provides JRSOI and logistical support.

3.  **JTF-State.**  The JTF-State controls all subordinate state NG assets deployed in support of a CBRN or bulk HE incident.  The JTF-State commander works closely with the IC to verify that NG resources are conducting CBRN operations effectively, safely, and legally.
4.  **WMD-CSTs.**  WMD-CSTs are NG units designed to support civil authorities at a domestic incident site during specified events, which include use or threatened use of a WMD; terrorist attack or threatened terrorist attack; intentional or unintentional release of nuclear, biological, radiological, or toxic or poisonous chemicals;
natural or manmade disasters in the US that result, or could result, in the catastrophic loss of life or property by identifying hazards, assessing current and projected consequences, advising on response measures, and assisting with appropriate requests for additional support.  The WMD-CST units execute their mission normally in a Title 32, USC, duty status within the US and its territories, as prescribed by Title 10, USC, Section 12310. For more information on WMD-CSTs, see ATP 3-11.46, Weapons of Mass Destruction-Civil Support Team Operations.

See Appendix C, "Department of Defense Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response Enterprise," for additional information on CBRN response forces.

5.  **CERFPs.**  CERFPs are designed and trained to provide search and extraction, medical triage, emergency medical treatment, decontamination of casualties, C2, and recovery of remains during CBRN and non-CBRN incidents, as well as advice and assistance to the IC, state emergency management, the NG JFHQ-State, TAG, the governor, other key officials, and representatives of federal agencies.  There are 27 NG CERFPs, 17 of those are considered stand-alone CERFPs, and 10 are embedded with HRFs to enhance lifesaving capability. For more information on CERFPs, see ATP 3-11.47, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and High-Yield Explosives Enhanced Response Force Package (CERFP)/Homeland Response Force (HRF) Operations.

See Appendix C, "Department of Defense Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response Enterprise," for additional information on CBRN response forces.

6.  **NG HRF.**  The HRF is an NG element of the comprehensive DOD
CBRN Response Enterprise designed to simultaneously manage multiple NG CBRN response elements at an incident site.  The HRF is designed to be employed primarily with forces in state active duty or Title 32, USC, duty status.  The HRF leverages the WMD-CST
and CERFP force structure and capabilities with augmentation by force packages, to include a brigade level C2 element, a company-sized CBRN response security element, and an ANG-DIRECT within each of the 10 FEMA regions.  Designated NG JFHQs-State will assign manning to the HRFs and maintain current NG HRFs with essential CBRN response capabilities.  The operational elements include a security element, a CERFP C2 element, a search and extraction element, a medical element, a fatality search and recovery team, and a decontamination element.

See Appendix C, "Department of Defense Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response Enterprise," for additional information on CBRN response forces.

f.  **USCG.**  The USCG is a Service and a branch of the Armed Forces at all times, and a law enforcement agency under DHS at all times.  When directed by the President, or by a congressional declaration of war, the USCG may be transferred from DHS to the Department of the Navy.  The USCG is not constrained by the PCA and has jurisdiction on US waters, the high seas, and at selected land-based maritime transportation and industrial facilities.  As part of the Armed Forces with Title 10, USC, authorities, a member of the US intelligence community, and a regulatory and law enforcement agency using Title 14, USC, authorities, the USCG is uniquely positioned to contribute to a layered, integrated, national CBRN detection, identification, classification, triage, and protection effort.

(1)  USCG's HS mission is to protect the US maritime domain and the US marine transportation system and deny their use and exploitation as a means for attacks on US territory, population, and critical infrastructure.  Additionally, USCG prepares for and, in the event of attack, conducts hazard response operations.

(2)  The USCG is the LFA for maritime security.  CCDRs may assign forces to USCG
area commanders under tactical control (TACON) to support short notice HS operations without a formal RFF for up to 48 hours.  Longer duration operations require an RFF.

(3)  USCG CBRN Capabilities.  The USCG provides unique authorities, surge capacities, and capabilities for CBRN response.  As an Armed Force and federal maritime law enforcement agency, the USCG authorities reside in a variety of statutory and regulatory titles.  Those relevant to CBRN response include Titles 10, 14, 33, and 50 of USC.  During CBRN response operations, the USCG may be employed in either a supporting or supported role with DOD forces.

(a)  USCG general forces include Coast Guard small boat stations, sectors, cutters, deployable specialized forces (DSFs), and emergency relocation group personnel are equipped with CBRN capabilities to conduct initial response operations in a known or suspected CBRN contaminated environment.

(b)  USCG expeditionary forces include USCG ships, aircraft, port security units, and law enforcement detachments operating in the GCCs' AORs.  These forces are trained and equipped to DOD CBRN defense standards and may support limited ICBRN-R operations and unique domestic military operations under the USCG defense readiness mission.

For more information on USCG expeditionary force capabilities, see Commandant of the Coast Guard Instruction (COMDTINST) 3400.4, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Policy for Coast Guard Expeditionary Forces.

(c)  USCG DSFs have CBRN response capabilities that include armed maritime security response teams (MSRTs), and unarmed national strike force (NSF) teams that are capable of performing technical response functions inside a known or suspected CBRN contaminated environment.  DSFs are equipped to detect, identify, and respond to CBRN incidents in a CBRN contaminated environment, and are capable of performing its statutory missions, and primary mission essential functions.  DSFs support domestic response and may deploy detachments to support overseas (expeditionary) military operations and ICBRN-R operations.
1.  **MSRTs** consist of advanced tactical teams with specialized capabilities for conducting law enforcement and counterterrorism operations.  MSRTs conduct maritime security and response, and chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives (CBRNE) detection and response.

2.  **USCG NSF s**trike teams facilitate preparedness for and response to oil and hazardous substance pollution incidents in order to protect public health and the environment.  NSF provides rapid response support in incident management through various specialized capabilities, to include maritime environmental response, WMD, and CBRN.  A NSF strike team operates in all operational areas and deploys specialized capabilities and incident command expertise to support lead agency IC, and federal on-scene coordinator preparation and response to CBRN incidents.  NSF organizations are based in several CONUS locations and strike teams can be pre-staged where a threat of CBRN release exists.
The NSF supports domestic response and requests of international assistance and may deploy detachments to support overseas military environmental response operations. For more information on USCG specialized forces, see COMDTINST *M16601.12,* Special Missions Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear High-Yield Explosive (CBRNE) Operations Manual.

g.  **CSAs.**  CSAs provide direct support to CCDRs during emergency situations and are subject to evaluation by CJCS.  The CSAs are the Defense Information Systems Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, Defense Health Agency, Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), National Security Agency, Defense Contract Management Agency, National Geospatial-
Intelligence Agency, and Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA).  Each plays a critical role in supporting CBRN response operations by ensuring the supported commander has the technical CBRN information, situational awareness, technical support, 24/7 reachback capability, logistics, and contracting support necessary to carry out the mission.  DTRA provides operational and technical advice and support to DOD components and other USG departments and agencies, as requested and approved, regarding CBRN response operations.
This is accomplished through training and exercises, the deployment of CBRN military advisory teams, and operational planning assistance.  DTRA also provides modeling, predictions, assessments, publications, lessons learned, analysis, and other support as required.  DTRA provides technical reachback support through the DTRA National Weapons of Mass Destruction Technical Reachback Enterprise, a 24/7 WMD and CBRN national reachback and situational awareness facility, for all technical analysis support.  During CBRN response, DTRA liaises with other technical support providers and the intelligence community to meet support requests.

## 3.  Command Relationships

a.  **Domestic CBRN Response C2.**  Domestic CBRN response operations may involve the full spectrum of government, NGOs, and the private sector.  The efficient coordination of military and civil capabilities and activities within a stricken operating environment requires a unifying command structure to achieve unity of effort.  Military forces always remain under the assigned C2 as established by either Title 10, USC; Title 14, USC; Title 32, USC;
or in state active duty.

b.  As previously discussed, NG Soldiers and Airmen may serve either in a Title 10, USC, duty status in a state active duty, or Title 32, USC, duty status, under the C2 of the governor.  The state governors, through TAGs, control NG forces when those forces are performing operations in state active duty and when in Title 32, USC, duty status.  Figure II- 2 depicts these command relationships.  Two crucial principles clarify the duty status of NG
personnel:
(1)  Unless ordered into federal service, NG Soldiers and Airmen serve in state active duty or Title 32, USC, status under a state C2 chain under the governor.

(2)  The duty status of these NG Soldiers or Airmen is not determined by who funds an operation; rather, it depends upon their legal status and associated chain of authority.

c.  **DSC.**  Legislation allows for a DSC to have command authority over both federal and state NG forces.  A DSC provides a means for providing unity of effort for military forces operating in Title 32, USC, or state active duty status, and Title 10, USC duty status.  A DSC must be duly appointed and can be an active duty officer who accepts an additional state commission or can be a federalized state NG officer.  By design, a DSC can leverage military leadership that has local situational awareness and existing relationships with local

## Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response Command Relationships

civil agencies, provide continuity as federal forces are integrated into the response effort, and provide for continuity in response (same JTF C2 prior to and after federal response).  Of note, DSC authority is vested in an individual commander, not the organization.  Therefore, a DSC should have a Title 10, USC, and state active duty/Title 32, USC, deputy, as well as a joint staff manned by Title 10, USC, personnel.  This augmented staff is particularly important should a dual-status JTF-state have to control naval forces since few states have naval militias from which to draw maritime expertise.  The primary shared DOD and state interests are unity of effort and effective execution.

For more information on DSC responsibilities and authority under Title 10, USC, and Title
32, USC, see JP 3-28, Defense Support of Civil Authorities.

d.  **Achieving Unity of Effort Without Unity of Command.**  When the US undertakes military operations, the Armed Forces of the United States are only one component of a national-level effort involving all instruments of national power.  A DSC may be utilized in a domestic CBRN response in order to facilitate unity of command for participating federal forces and also, unity of effort between federal and state military forces operating within a single state.  Unity of effort does not depend on "what" capabilities are employed; rather, it depends on "how" they are integrated and utilized effectively for employment.  Therefore, unity of effort can be achieved without unity of command and is the predominant solution in domestic CBRN response operations.

(1)  Joint doctrine focuses on multinational and interagency coordination employing the broad term of "unified action" in referring to the synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort.  Establishing unity of effort at the national level is, of necessity, a cooperative endeavor involving a number of federal departments and agencies. A similar unity of effort will be necessary at the state and local levels during a CBRN response operation.

For more information on interagency coordination and unity of effort, see JP 3-08, Interorganizational Cooperation.

(2)  National response doctrine in the NRF identifies unity of effort through unified command as one of its five key principles for the federal/state/local/tribal/ territorial/insular area response.  The NRF and the incident command system (ICS) "unified command"
concept is distinctly different from the military chain of command construct of "unity of command" and, as such, military forces do not operate under the authority of the IC, or under the ICS.  From a NRF perspective, effective unified command is indispensable to response activities and requires a clear understanding of the roles and responsibilities of each participating organization.  Success requires unity of effort, which respects the chain of command of each participating organization while harnessing seamless coordination across jurisdictions in support of common objectives.  Use of the ICS is an important element across multi-jurisdictional or multiagency incident management activities.  The ICS provides a structure to enable agencies with different legal, jurisdictional, and functional responsibilities to coordinate, plan, and interact effectively on scene.  In a team effort, the ICS allows all agencies with jurisdictional authority and/or functional responsibility for the incident to provide joint support through mutually developed incident objectives and strategies established at the command level.  Each participating agency maintains its own authority, responsibility, and accountability.  NIMS supports response through the following actions:  developing a single set of objectives; using a collective, strategic approach; improving information flow and coordination; creating common understanding of joint priorities and restrictions; ensuring that no agency's legal authorities are compromised or neglected; and optimizing the combined efforts of all agencies under a single plan.

For more information on unified command and unity of effort in the NRF, NIMS, and ICS, refer to the NRF Resource Center: www.fema.gov/NRF and the NIMS Resource Center: www.fema.gov/NIMS.  These online resources are routinely updated and evolving.

(3)  At the operational level, the JFO ensures unity of effort by identifying agencies that have the requisite capabilities to reach the common objectives or the ability to adapt their wide-area operations in light of the response by bringing their core competencies to the interagency forum.  When all participants in the interagency process understand what needs to be done, agree upon the means to accomplish it, and identify who will accomplish specific activities through coordination, a common sense of ownership and commitment toward resolution helps achieve unity of effort.

(a)  The unified coordination group functions as a multiagency coordination entity (as defined by the NIMS) and works to establish coordinated priorities (single or multiple incidents) and allocate resources, resolve agency policy issues, and provide strategic guidance to support federal incident management activities.  The unified coordination group coordinates field operations from a JFO and typically consists of the FCO, state coordinating officer, and senior officials from other entities with primary statutory or jurisdictional responsibility and significant operational responsibility for an aspect of an incident.  Because the principles of unified command apply to the unified coordination group, the objectives are a reflection of the agencies' collective approach rather than "tasking" from a senior commander.


JFO
standard operating procedures ensure consideration to departmental/agency timelines and requirements to ensure a coordinated federal response.

(b)  Based on the magnitude, type of incident, and anticipated level of resource involvement, the supported CCDR may utilize a JTF to command federal (Title 10, USC) military activities in support of the incident.  If a JTF is established, consistent with operational requirements, its C2 element is collocated at the JFO and included within the unified coordination group to ensure coordination and unity of effort.  NIMS standardized structures and tools enable a unified approach to be effective both on scene and at the emergency operations centers (EOCs).

(4)  Unity of effort is expected at the tactical level.  This is because the designated IC develops the incident objectives on which subsequent incident action planning is based and integrates all available capabilities into the response.  The IC approves the incident action plan (IAP) pertaining to ordering and releasing of incident resources.

(a)  Almost all tasks given to DOD are tasks that someone in a civil position normally does, but the disaster conditions have overwhelmed their capacity.  The technical knowledge and expertise is still resident with the activity or organization that needs the support (initial state requestor) but they are limited in their ability to cover the sheer magnitude of requirements on their own.
(b)  The JFC shapes tactical unity of effort by having a common operational picture with all levels of the local, state, tribal, and federal response where DOD capabilities are being employed.  Unity of effort in CBRN response is improved by interoperability with common methods of operation and common training using compatible or comparable equipment.  Finally, common control measures reflected in shared and common plans, concepts of execution, and IAPs can provide for civil authority oversight and direction in incident management, coordination of actions, and supervision of tactical effort without requiring a unity of command construct to get unity of effort.  The JFC tasked with integrating DOD capabilities at the tactical level into domestic operations improves unity of effort when there is clarity at the tactical level in these four areas:
1.  **Certainty as to Requirement(s).**  DSCA policy imposes strict controls for staying within the scope of the FEMA mission assignment process, leaving little latitude for tactical nimbleness in adjusting to quickly changing situations.  The JFC should put controls into place to ensure actual requirements are being met to the satisfaction of the entities closest to the situation.

2.  **Clarification of Expectations.**  Ground truth at the work site can often change from the initial situation described in the federal response IAP and mission assignment.  Thereafter, adjustments are made by first line leaders during execution to achieve the IC's objectives.  Direct coordination with the initial in-state requestor closest to the point of execution facilitates measured and reasonable adjustments while staying within the operational and fiscal constraints of the mission assignment.
3.  **Efficient Resolution of Performance Issues.**  Even with the best intentions, support efforts sometimes don't satisfy the expectations of the requestor who initially articulated the requirement.  During a catastrophic incident, lost productivity or additional rework because of incomplete or improper performance can have a devastating impact on meeting goals and objectives.  The JFC should encourage subordinate leaders to request routine checks and oversight by the initial state requestor to permit quick and efficient resolution of issues among requestors and responders closest to the point of performance.

4.  **Risk Management.**  Management of performance risk is allocated by the control measures agreed to by the contributing agencies, with the drafter (in this case the state requestor) initially setting the standards.  The JFC should ensure that the initial requestor is part of the controls that are in place to identify and manage performance risk and not rely completely on the ESF coordinator in the JFO.  Safety risks can many times be reduced by the initial requester, who routinely does the task, providing oversight over the DOD forces, perhaps even conducting on-site training for nontechnical forces.

e.  **Achieving Unity of Effort Between Initial DOD Response Forces.**  Effective employment of federal and NG forces requires common doctrine and organizational design. Presidential directives and DOD regulatory guidance mandate that DOD civilian personnel and Service members meet minimum federal compliance standards for emergency responders and command and staff personnel.  Law and circumstance enable unity of command and unity of effort; leaders at every level depend on their experience, flexible initiative, and understanding of DSCA operations to ensure integrated and synchronized military CBRN response.  Initial DOD response forces, consisting of both NG in Title 32, USC, status and federal forces in Title 10, USC, status, consult, coordinate with, and respond to state authorities or federal civil authorities in the tactical-level execution of assigned tasks, pursuant to an order by SecDef or the President to provide support to those authorities.  The DOD CBRN Response Enterprise is structured to achieve an early unity of effort and integration of capabilities for responding to CBRN incidents.  Key to achieving unity of effort is the integration of the enterprise through sourcing, training, exercising, readiness reporting, planning, and coordination prior to an incident.

See Appendix C, "Department of Defense Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response Enterprise," for additional information on response forces.

## 4.  Considerations

a.  **The Joint Force in a CBRN Response Environment.**  Overarching requirements for a joint force in a CBRN environment are two-fold:  the joint force shapes the composition of the response through proactive planning and interagency, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental coordination.  The joint force is also responsible for protecting each DOD member conducting DSCA.  The CBRN environment causes joint forces to plan in a unique way and recognize the primary reason for employment of the joint force is to support civil authorities and minimize the impacts of a CBRN incident.  Planning considerations are significantly different for the joint force conducting CBRN response as the primary mission than for the joint force conducting other missions.  Requirements for protecting joint forces remain a constant priority for the JFC, especially when operating in a contaminated environment.  DSCA may also entail unique legal implications that need to be considered through all phases of CBRN response planning and operations.

b.  **Tiered CBRN Response.**  The NRF describes a tiered response and emphasizes that response to incidents should be handled at the lowest jurisdictional level capable of handling the work.  The response to a CBRN incident requires the integration and synchronization of capabilities from the local, state, tribal, and federal level.  Federal agency teams respond on their agency's authority, if the problem exceeds the capabilities of lower tiers.  From the DOD perspective, the response will likely begin within hours with employment of NG WMD-CSTs, CERFPs, and HRFs in Title 32, USC, or state active duty status in addition to local Title 10, USC, commanders providing assistance under immediate response authority. When directed by SecDef, USNORTHCOM responds within hours with JTF-CS and the first echelons.

## C.  Integrated Cbrn Response Framework

(1)  **Strategic.**  During a CBRN incident, DHS coordinates the federal government's incident management efforts in support of the civil authorities.  However, it is likely that the major elements of operational framework will have already been established IAW strategic decisions made by state and local responders in the initial hours of the response effort.  A major decision is the determination of controls for the employment of first responders (police, fire, and emergency medical services) into the incident area to ensure that significant portions of the first responder community do not themselves become casualties.  Another major decision concerns the ability of local civil government to control the evacuation out of the incident area.  If the local government can control the evacuation through public information and rapid establishment of traffic control points, then operational conditions are favorable for the deliberate application of local, state, and federal resources at designated evacuee processing centers and urban SAR, decontamination, and medical triage and emergency medical sites at points upwind or crosswind from the incident area.  If the local civil government is unable to control the evacuation of the civil population, then evacuation centers are established at resulting choke points either on major roads or near hospitals and will result in a less deliberate approach to application of local, state, and federal resources.  Both these decisions have significant impact on the operational environment that CBRN response forces will find when they are employed into the incident area.  Therefore, the initial assessments conducted by NG WMD-CSTs or other federal assessment teams are critical in providing DHS and other federal departments and agencies the necessary situational awareness to make quick decisions regarding resource sharing and coordination.

(2)  **Operational.**  The WMD-CST deploys within three hours of notification.  The WMD-CST is able to provide the initial assessment to the NG JFHQ-State, JTF-State, and the IC, which forward the assessment to the NGCC and to USNORTHCOM.  It is important the NGCC and USNORTHCOM JOC forward the initial assessment and characterization of the threat to follow-on deploying NG WMD-CSTs, CERFPs, HRFs, and DCRF and C2CRE
units, respectively, so these units can be better prepared for conditions they will face in the incident area.  However, as discussed previously, much of the operational environment for CBRN response will be set based on early strategic decisions of the local authorities.  If the evacuation of the population is controlled, CBRN response forces deploy to staging areas where they link up with local responders and are integrated into an existing network of evacuation processing centers.  If the evacuation is uncontrolled, CBRN response forces may be required to establish evacuation centers at designated choke points or vicinity hospitals. For CBRN response forces, the most critical operational decision in the first 24 hours will be determination of how and where to employ life-saving (search and extraction, decontamination, and medical triage and emergency medical) capabilities.  The most likely employment of forces is at the upwind or crosswind points either reinforcing local responders or establishing additional search and extraction, decontamination, and medical triage and emergency medical sites at upwind and crosswind points that local responders do not have the capability to cover.

(3)  **Tactical.**  At the tactical level, the critical effort is a rapid, and effective employment of reconnaissance capabilities to provide assessments on the effects in terms of casualties and medical treatment (detect and monitor).  These assessments provide the necessary information to assist the IC in determining upwind and crosswind points and best locations for search and extraction, decontamination, medical triage and emergency medical services, and other sites.  The next major effort is to increase the capability and capacity of local responders to perform search and extraction, decontamination, and medical triage and emergency medical care of casualties.  DOD forces can reinforce evacuation centers to increase capacity and throughput or establish search and extraction, decontamination, medical triage and emergency medicalexpanding the geographic distribution of response capability.  An important force multiplier is DOD's ability to assist with decontamination of local fire, police, and emergency medical services personnel and equipment, enabling first responders to participate safely in the CBRN response.

## D.  **Organizing Considerations**

(1)  A JTF established in support of CBRN response is organized in a manner similar to a conventional JTF.  The CCDR normally establishes a JTF to plan and conduct CBRN response.  However, a JTF may be established subordinate to a CCMD or subunified command.  For example, a GCC may elect to form a JTF to conduct CBRN response in a specific region of the theater.  In establishing a JTF for CBRN response, the CCDR experiences significant organizational, operational, and training challenges as he fuses a diverse group of key personnel, with varying degrees of understanding and experience in joint operations, CBRN response, and interagency cooperation, into a functioning JTF that can conduct a CBRN response.  To be effective in such a response, key personnel need to fully understand both interagency and CBRN response techniques and procedures.  JTF-CS can function as the core JTF headquarters element.  Guidelines for establishing a JTF can be found in JP 3-33, *Joint Task Force Headquarters.*
(2)  **Augmentation.**  The JTF staff conducts crisis action planning (CAP) and determines whether mission requirements will exceed the JTF staff's capabilities (e.g., qualified personnel, facilities, or equipment).  The commander, joint task force (CJTF), requests assistance from the supported CCDR.  The supported CCDR prepares in advance to identify or request possible resources from both AC and RC forces to meet critical needs. Additionally, these augmentees train regularly with the JTF if it is organized on a standing basis.

(3)  **Joint Planning Augmentation Cell (JPAC).**  The JPAC is a tailored group of CBRN response joint planners.  The cell is manned, equipped, and trained by JTF-CS to assist other JTF staffs or the DCE.  JPAC members maintain currency in CBRN areas through professional education, participation in joint and multiagency exercises, and through planning for national special security event contingencies.  The JPAC is able to focus an ad hoc JTF staff on how to employ joint forces in conducting CBRN response.  The JPAC also assists the JTF with obtaining technical augmentation or dedicated reachback capability from DTRA, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), USAMRICD, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI), United States Army Forces Command's (FORSCOM's) 20th CBRNE Command, and the CDC.  These experts maintain liaison and reachback capability for the JTF and JPAC to national-level expertise, while providing on-staff subject matter expertise.  The JTF command surgeon, in particular, should consult with these technical experts, as they are able to provide information critical to medical planning considerations.

(4)  **Technical Augmentation and Liaison.**  CBRN incidents entail operational and force health protection risks.  The affected community and federal partners in the response may need technical advice and situational awareness in effects mitigation.

(a)  **DTRA.**  DTRA provides planning support through deployable teams and real-time technical reachback.  This includes expertise in CBRN incident modeling and potential consequences of CBRN incidents, as well as CBRN military advisory teams to assist in all phases of CBRN incidents.

(b)  **USAMRIID.**  The USAMRIID representative provides expertise in epidemiology and biological warfare defense.

(c)  **CDC.**  The CDC expert serves as the on-staff augmentation for national level EP and response, the Laboratory Response Network, and Public Health emergency response, and has expertise on the Strategic National Stockpile.

(d)  **20th CBRNE Command.**  The 20th CBRNE Command is subordinate to FORSCOM.  Its representatives are CBRNE subject matter experts, can serve as liaison to the CJTF, and are knowledgeable of the command's capabilities and units.

(e)  **USAMRICD.**  The USAMRICD representative provides an expert in the medical management of chemical casualties.

(f)  **Air Force Technical Applications Center.**  This center operates and maintains a global network of sensors called the United States Atomic Energy Detection System (USAEDS).  Once the USAEDS senses a disturbance underground, underwater, in the atmosphere, or in space, the incident is analyzed for nuclear identification, and findings are reported to SecDef and the President through Headquarters US Air Force.

(g)  **AFRRI.**  The AFRRI representative provides an expertise in radiological and nuclear warfare defense, response, and treatment for radiological/nuclear casualties.  For more discussion on the AFRRI, see Chapter III, "International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response."
(5)  **Boards, Centers, and Cells.**  The CJTF may elect to organize boards, centers, and cells to facilitate a number of functions required of the JTF.  To assist in this decision, the staff should determine what organizational structures have been formed within the JTF, and what organizational structures have been delegated to the CJTF by the supported CCDR. The CJTF then decides what boards, centers, and cells would be best suited to support the JTF mission and functions.  The DCO is closely associated with the JTF and resides within the JFO as the DOD single point of contact under the NRF.  JTFs typically will require planning, logistics, movement, medical fusion, current operations, future operations, communication, mortuary affairs, effects assessment, and intelligence coordination centers and boards.  Larger incidents may also require joint mortuary affairs, movement control, contracting, PA, visitor control, and a standing personnel reception center.

e.  **CBRN Response Operations.**  The JP 3-0, *Joint Operations,* phasing model is adapted for domestic CBRN response operations as described below and depicted in Figure II-3.

(1)  **Phase 0Shape (Shape).**  Phase 0 is continuous situational awareness and preparedness.  Actions in this phase include interagency coordination, planning, identification of gaps, exercises, and PA outreach.

(a)  This phase sets conditions for increased CBRN response interoperability and cooperation with interagency partners, through active participation in planning, conferences, and exercises.  These strategic- and theater-level objective activities continue through all phases.  Preparedness of the designated units is the operational and tactical focus during this phase in order to ensure readiness conditions are sustained for execution of CBRN response operations and building command relationships.  Units with designated C2
headquarters and the CCMD's Army Service component prepare to assume their mission. TF commanders focus on training and rehearsals for CBRN response, based on the joint mission-essential task list provided through the Army Service component command (ASCC) and as directed by the CCDR.  Individuals and detachments receive training from experts on operations in a contaminated environment.
(b)  Further, subordinate staffs, DCRF and C2CRE TF commanders, DCRF and C2CRE TFs, or others identify shortfalls and submit requests for additional capabilities through their parent headquarters.  Inevitably, some shortfalls will result in a requirement for contracted support.  Known shortfalls should be analyzed and prepared for expedited contract execution, to include comprehensive performance work statements and other necessary contractual documents.  These staffs modify existing plans to fit their particular organization and capabilities and review the plans with the CJTF.  This includes updating and submitting time-phased force and deployment data through the ASCC and their parent headquarters to USTRANSCOM.  The TF commander pays particular attention to interoperability between elements from the other Services, and includes LNOs and other requirements.

(c)  CBRN response units should conduct force health protection measures including mask fit testing and immunizations to prevent delays in response posture.  CBRN
response tasked units are to adhere to the CJCS CBRN EXORD medical readiness/immunization requirements, identified by their force provider, before assuming a CBRN response mission role.  Units must meet force health protection standards established in the operation or DEPORD prior to deployment into an operational area.  For units stationed in an operational area, force health protection standards are met prior to employment.  The CJTF should consider all these factors and recommend a viable force health protection course of action (COA) to the supported CCDR at the earliest available opportunity.

(d)  Finally, the shaping phase includes a mission rehearsal exercise designed by USNORTHCOM/USPACOM and supported by USARNORTH/US Army Pacific, respectively.  The phase ends with the identification of a potential CBRN response mission through warning, SecDef direction, or the occurrence of a no-notice event.

(2)  **Phase IDeter (Anticipate).**  Continued situational awareness is vital to understanding the CBRN response operation parameters.  The situation may warrant, due to warnings, the CAP process to begin before a CBRN incident occurs.  Determination of joint force command structure, the DOD anticipated response, and early and thorough collaboration with federal departments and agencies, state governments (including respective NG TAGs, commanders), and localities is paramount.  Alerting and preparing the joint force may be directed through a CJCS warning order, planning order, or alert order.  However, CBRN incidents may also occur without warning, resulting in accelerated procedures and the first notification being an EXORD.  This EXORD guidance may possibly even be verbal.  In this case, the operations would move directly into phase II, with relevant phase I tasks still requiring to be performed.  During this phase, the DCOs and situational awareness teams are employed post incident to provide assessments to USNORTHCOM and situational awareness to the JFLCC.

(a)  The assessment will determine the scope and magnitude of the incident, identify potential theater response forces, identify DCRF and C2CRE requirements to expedite response, and identify potential C2 node requirements.  The senior individual of the assessment element serves as the CCDR's LNO to gain on-scene situational awareness and provide recommendations on the appropriate level of C2 and initial resources required for the CBRN response.

(b)  The assessment element may include SJA, CBRN, medical, PA, mortuary affairs, operations, intelligence, plans, logistics, law enforcement, and communications officers and selected subject matter experts to assist in developing the assessment and recommending an appropriate response.  Other CCDRs have standing site assessment teams or survey and assessment teams prepared for this mission.

(c)  Because the vast majority of Title 10, USC, capabilities for DSCA falls under USNORTHCOM, the CCMD situational awareness team procedures are included here as an example of assessment processes and actions.  Following coordination with state civil and military officials (typically the state TAG or the NG JFHQ-State) and federal officials
(to include the FCO, incident management assistance team, the DCO and other on-scene technical advisors), the situational awareness team makes an evaluation of potential shortfalls in federal and state capabilities, which may become requests for DOD assistance. The situational awareness team prepares its report shaped by its knowledge of CBRN effects and how to minimize and manage the harm or damage the effects may cause.  The report identifies proposed methods of response, anticipated actions, and potentially required forces. Information gathered is developed, either independently or through the support of an appropriate joint planning group for CAP, into a commander's assessment using the Adaptive Planning and Execution format for a commander's estimate and forwarded to the CCDR.  This document provides specific recommendations to the CCDR relative to the CBRN response effort, to include tailoring and supplementing the CBRN response force structure required to employ.

(d)  The situational awareness assessment helps the CCDR conduct the mission analysis and prepare the commander's estimate with a recommended DOD COA to be taken in support of the incident and recommended DOD resources and capabilities for anticipated mission assignments.  The commander's estimate identifies force to task capabilities required to accomplish anticipated DOD mission assignments.  With SecDef approval and through CJCS direction, these capabilities are identified by the Services, CCDRs, and the DOD
agencies.  The CJCS EXORD identifies the designated forces allocated to the CCDR and specifies the type of command authority (normally OPCON) for exercises and mission execution.  Additionally, it provides approval of purpose, desired effect, and COA to be taken in support of USG departments and agencies for the CBRN response.

(e)  This phase ends when forces receive prepare-to-deploy orders and are staged and ready to deploy.  Once a unit receives a DEPORD through its parent headquarters specifying OPCON by the receiving CCDR, the TF deploys LNOs to a location designated by the CJTF for establishing the JTF deployable headquarters.  These LNOs provide C2 connectivity for dissimilar systems and pass situational assessments back to their TF as the situation develops.  Simultaneously, each TF deploys an advance party to the BSI identified by the JFLCC or JFC for JRSOI and base support.  JRSOI is the essential process that transitions deploying forces, consisting of personnel, equipment, and materiel arriving in theater, into forces capable of meeting the CCDR's operational requirements.  The TF commanders should coordinate with the CJTF on rules for the use of force (RUF), arming status, law enforcement missions, intelligence support and restrictions, PA guidance, deployment priorities, and mission assignments (if known).  Because of the nature of the most likely CBRN response operations, forces will likely deploy into and remain in the JOA for the entire length of the CBRN response.  Catastrophic incidents may require force rotation.

(3)  **Phase IISeize the Initiative (Respond).**  The key to success during the respond phase is sequencing the required JTF resources at the appropriate time and place. Phase II executes deployment of forces to key theater nodes and to the JOA to save lives, minimize human suffering, and maintain public confidence.  Speed and decisiveness are essential.  The JFC establishes C2 of designated DOD Title 10, USC, forces, establishes a common operational picture, continues JRSOI, and validates and establishes a BSI.  (See Appendix B, "Planning Considerations for Logistics and Other Services from Domestic Base Support Installations and Foreign Theater Assets.")  Participation in the JRSOI is essential for mission accomplishment and protection of the joint force.

(a)  Forces are prioritized to deploy for mission tasks that are directly involved in life saving and preventing further injury.  These forces have the highest movement priority for CBRN response force deployment.  Next in movement priority are forces that assess and establish operations or provide temporary critical life support.  These forces subsequently become the forces necessary to establish and sustain operations.  Biological incidents may or may not provide a clear point of origin.  In this case, TF-medical may be the primary effort and have priority in movement.  Elements of TF-operations normally have priority for movement in the force flow because they contain those capabilities needed to relieve and/or augment the efforts of first responders (i.e., monitoring, marking, decontamination, hot-zone extraction, security).  TF-operations are normally employed closest to the actual incident site.

(b)  Forces for the JTF are transferred using a DEPORD to the CCDR, and command relationships are established as designated in the EXORD and/or OPORD.  After coordinating with the BSI, the JTF commences JRSOI operations.  Commanders should appoint a capable officer and staff to continue to manage unit arrival and JRSOI.  As units complete JRSOI, they occupy their assigned operating bases and prepare for mission assignments.  Leaders take every available opportunity to reinforce soldier skills they will need when operating in their operational areas, stressing protective measures, RUF, and situation awareness and reporting.  TF commanders receive and integrate additional forces identified during phase II.  They provide updates to the CJTF and keep the supporting installations informed.

(c)  Phase II completion is generally marked by having forces deployed with enough C2 and unit-capability to safely and effectively begin operations.  Depending on the situation, the CJTF may decide to move into phase III operations before all phase II objectives are complete and continue to work on phase II objectives while in phase III.

(4)  **Phase IIIDominate (Operate).**  In phase III, planning and execution efforts are synchronized and integrated with the efforts of the supported civil authorities, as well as other military operations that may be occurring simultaneously (e.g., technical nuclear forensics sample collection for attribution) within the same operational area.  Phase III begins when DOD and/or NG forces begin executing mission assignments within the operational area.  The coordinating agency typically assigns mission assignments to supporting or cooperating agencies for action.  DOD accepts mission assignments as RFAs, which become mission assignments only after being received by Office of the Executive Secretary of DOD, then forwarded to the ASD(HD&GS) and the Joint Staff J-3 for validation and order processing, and approved by SecDef.  Once SecDef approves the request, an order is issued to CCMDs, Services, and/or agencies to accomplish the mission.
In the case of the DCRF and C2CRE, SecDef has authorized CDRUSNORTHCOM to approve the mission assignments as long as they are within the scope and capabilities of the DCRF and C2CRE.  During this phase, the primary focus is on mission assignments that involve incident site lifesaving and injury prevention.  Key tasks during this phase are hazard assessment, casualty search and extraction/rescue, ambulatory and non-ambulatory decontamination, emergency medical services, air and ground medical/casualty evacuation, and logistical support.

(a)  The CJTF exercises OPCON over all designated DOD forces as directed by the CCDR's EXORD.  The commander of a JTF-State exercises OPCON over all designated NG forces as directed by the approved EXORD or EMAC agreement.  The JTF may task organize functionally, by Service components, or a combination of both, depending on the situation.  The JTF executes mission assignments using the allocated DOD forces within the designated operational area.  The JTF-State executes mission assignments using NG forces within the designated operational area and requesting additional forces from the supported CCDR if those within the designated operational area are not adequate.  The JTF receives mission assignments from the DCO/DCE after they have been validated.  The JTF maintains force readiness and sustainment requirements for assigned forces in the designated operational area.

(b)  The CJTF begins to assign missions to the JTF component commanders, who in turn task their units as they become available within the JOA.  In some cases, mission assignments will be awaiting specialized units as they arrive.  Each TF can expect to receive multiple missions together with a priority of effort.  Commanders should inform residents and responders working near their forces of ongoing activities.

(c)  Certain units may work closely with highly specialized personnel from other agencies as part of their mission assignment.  The TF commander may be required to support these agencies and should coordinate with them to assess the progress of operations.

(d)  Normally joint tactics, techniques, and procedures and mission-essential task list conditions and standards derived from the Universal Joint Task List are adequate to meet the tactical expectation of civil authorities; however, in some circumstances, additional requirements may be established.  Joint forces should expect some local authority coordination and periodic work oversight to confirm that projects are progressing on time and confirm that performance is to acceptable civil standards.  Phase III ends when deployed Title 10, USC; Title 32, USC; and/or state active duty NG forces have completed the preponderance of incident site lifesaving mission assignments and the effort shifts to other state and/or federal mission assignments that have broader application to the JOA.

(5)  **Phase IVStabilize (Stabilize).**  Stability is marked by a scaling down of operations as DOD Title 10, USC, forces; Title 32, USC, NG; and/or state active duty utilization diminishes with the associated completion of a majority of incident site mission assignments.

(a)  Great loss of property or life is no longer the state's major concern; rather, the priority shifts to support life sustaining operations.  Key tasks during this phase are patient redistribution, logistical support, and ESF activities to minimize human suffering and enable community recovery.  During this operational phase, all RFFs have been identified and filled such that a smaller DOD C2 or a state-based NG C2 headquarters may be warranted.  The JTF may reposition capabilities to locations throughout the operations area that support the primary agency requests.  Determining whether DOD has met transition criteria requires close coordination and day-to-day interaction with the lead agency.  TF
commanders continue to exercise C2 while reviewing subordinate operations for ability to transition.  Redeployment of selected uncontaminated DOD force capabilities no longer required for operations may begin; however, selected contaminated assets such as aircraft require GCC and International Civil Aviation Organization approval before transition begins. Success equals civil authorities ready to respond effectively to continuing requirements and assuming full response without degradation of operations.

(b)  The phase ends when civil authorities are postured to transition to recovery operations and have the ability to accommodate surge requirements for treatment of casualties and critical life support.  DCRF and C2CRE units redeploy and reconstitute.

(6)  **Phase VEnable Civil Authorities (Transition).**  Transition functions begin when the effects of the CBRN incident have been minimized and adequate support of civil authorities has been provided such that further support is no longer required.

(a)  Civil authorities and the JTF, as well as the supported CCDR or supporting or supported JTF-State, agree to implement a seamless transition of operational responsibilities to a designated civil authority or a designated command.  Civil authorities are postured for full responsibility for NRF recovery operations and have the ability to accommodate surge requirements.  Well before this phase begins, TF and JTF planners develop transition criteria with specific measures of effectiveness for each mission assignment.  As required, they modify reporting requirements to indicate readiness for transition.  Resource managers should pay particular attention to accountability for nonexpendable items that are to be turned over to a civilian agency as part of transition.  Site clean-up is coordinated with federal, state, and local authorities, and hazmat is turned over for disposition.  Lessons learned and after action reports are completed.  Commanders review redeployment schedules and mode of transport details with their subordinates and ensure that leaders understand the schedule and requirements for a safe and efficient redeployment.  Redeploying forces may require decontamination, and medical observation and evaluation based on the pathogen or hazard involved.  Forces safely redeploy to home station to reset and reconstitute.

(b)  The phase ends when all response forces are moved out of the JOA and when DOD Title 10, USC; Title 32, USC; or state active duty NG forces have transitioned all operations back to civil authorities and redeployed to home stations.

## 5.  Unique Planning Considerations In The Domestic Operational Environment

a.  **BSI.**  A BSI is a military installation within the US or its territories controlled by any Service or agency, in or near an actual or projected domestic emergency operational area, designated by DOD to provide military support for DOD and federal agency disaster response operation efforts.

(1)  Resources provided by a designated BSI may include, but are not limited to, marshalling and lay down areas, security forces, personnel and equipment reception and staging areas and facilities, personnel support, billeting, transportation, material handling equipment, maintenance, general supply and subsistence support, contracting support, communications support, and medical services.

(2)  Logistic planners should consider appropriate Service and RC installations as potential BSIs that will facilitate JRSOI and sustainment of CBRN response units.  Although the Services, when directed by SecDef, designate the appropriate BSI, locations for potential BSI should be based on previous site surveys, assessments, and mission analysis.

For more information on BSI planning considerations, see Appendix B, "Planning Considerations for Logistics and Other Services from Domestic Base Support Installations and Foreign Theater Assets."
b.  **United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Services.**  USACE is the designated ESF #3 (Public Works and Engineering) coordinator and the primary agency for providing ESF #3 technical assistance, engineering, and construction management resources and support during response activities as directed by the NRF.  USACE shares ESF #3 primary agency with DHS/FEMA.  When activated under ESF #6 (Mass Care, Emergency Assistance, Housing, and Human Services), USACE is a supporting agency and fulfills commodities distribution, emergency power, debris removal, temporary roofing, temporary housing, and infrastructure assessment.  If ESF#3 or ESF#6 have not been activated, the JTF
or DCO may request engineering capabilities through the CCDR to the components.

c.  **Mortuary Affairs.**  The joint force may aid federal and state agencies by providing mortuary affairs assistance.  Any assistance provided will be IAW the NRF and existing civilian plans and local civilian direction.

(1)  The primary responsibility for responding to mortuary affairs issues rests with state and local authorities.  A local or state medical examiner and/or coroner (ME/C) will have the responsibility for leading the response effort.  DOD mortuary affairs assets are usually employed in support of the ME/C.  Other important state and local stakeholders who may have significant operational involvement include office of emergency management, department of public health, NG, state law enforcement, EPA, and fire department and hazmat units.

(2)  Several conditions affect the ability of local and state officials to respond to mass fatality operations.  Some of these factors include number of fatalities, quality and state of remains, the agent or agents (contaminated versus uncontaminated) present, location and size of the search and recovery area, conditions (weather, daylight, terrain), city and state resources available, and most important, public expectations.  Within the construct of the civilian operation there are a number of different missions where joint forces may be asked to provide mortuary affairs assistance.

(3)  A phased mortuary affairs plan may be required to assist civil authorities in augmenting ME/C.  Not all mortuary affairs assets are deployed for each mass fatality incident; the mortuary affairs response will be tailored to meet the needs of the local jurisdiction.

For additional information on mortuary affairs, see JP 4-06, Mortuary Affairs.

d.  **Decontamination Planning.**  The EPA is the ESF coordinator and primary agency responsible for hazardous waste.  The USCG may also play a significant role as a primary agency for hazmat as defined by the NRF and the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan.

e.  **Control Zones.**  In CBRN response, control zones are established to ensure the safety of all responders and control access into and out of a contaminated area.  The three zones established at a chemical, radiological, nuclear, and some biological incident sites
(where there is a contaminated area such as may be the case with anthrax) are often referred to as the hot zone, the warm zone, and the cold zone.  See Chapter I, "Overview," subparagraph 5c(7)(e), "Zone Control," for detailed discussion of control zones.  In nearly all cases, the control zones will decrease in size with time as CBRN hazards naturally decrease. Once the characteristics of the hazard are understood, the control zones can be effectively altered to allow more mission flexibility.

## 6.  Applicable Laws And Agreements In The Domestic Operational Environment

a.  **Key Executive and Legislative Guidance.**  PPDs, Presidential study directives, Presidential decision directives, national security Presidential directives (NSPDs), homeland security Presidential directives (HSPDs), and executive orders (EOs) are the primary means by which the President issues national security policy guidance.  These Presidential documents, national-level strategy documents, and laws provide the basis for the development of subordinate and implementing guidance by DOD agencies.  A list of documents that provide guidance for CBRN response is contained in Appendix A, "Key Legal, Strategy, and Policy Documents and International Protocols."  The following documents deserve special note due to their direct applicability to a domestic CBRN response:
(1)  HSPD-5, *Management of Domestic Incidents*.  HSPD-5 enhances the ability of the US to manage domestic incidents by establishing a single, comprehensive NIMS.  The NRF was developed as a result of HSPD-5 to integrate the family of federal domestic prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery plans into a single, all-discipline, allhazards plan to unify the domestic incident management process.  When the NRF is used, national interagency plans, such as the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, Mass Migration Emergency Plan, National Search and Rescue Plan, National Infrastructure Protection Plan, and National Maritime Transportation Security Plan, are incorporated as supporting and/or operational plans.  In addition to consolidating federal plans, the NRF establishes a National Operations Center, and the creation of a PFO, who may be appointed to represent the Secretary of Homeland Security at the incident site and the JFO.  HSPD-5 also created NIMS to provide a consistent nationwide approach for federal, state, and local governments to work effectively and efficiently together to prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents.

(2)  PPD-8, *National Preparedness*.  This directive establishes policies to develop a national preparedness goal that identifies the core capabilities necessary for preparedness and a national preparedness system to guide activities that will enable the nation to achieve the goal.  The national preparedness system will allow the nation to track progress of our ability to build and improve the capabilities necessary to prevent, protect against, minimize the effects of, respond to, and recover from those threats that pose the greatest risk to the security of the nation.

(3)  **The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act.**  The Stafford Act is the primary legal authority for federal participation in domestic disaster relief
(DR).  When incidents of national significance that are declared disasters or emergencies by the President occur, federal support to states is delivered IAW relevant provisions of the Stafford Act.  Based upon the overwhelming nature of a no-notice catastrophic CBRN incident, the approval process will be expedited through federal levels.  Under the NRF
construct, DOD is designated a supporting agency for all ESFs and a cooperating agency for a number of NRF support and incident annexes.  DOD approved support under the Stafford Act is generally provided on a reimbursable basis.  The ESF coordinators, located in the JFO, serve as the primary operational-level functional mechanisms to provide assistance to state, local, and tribal governments or to federal departments and agencies conducting missions of primary federal responsibility.

(4)  **The Economy Act of 1932 (Title 31, USC, Section 1535).**  IAW the Economy Act or other applicable authorities, federal agencies participating in the NRF may provide federal-to-federal support by executing interagency or intra-agency reimbursable agreements. Federal agencies providing mutual aid support may request reimbursement from the requesting agency for eligible expenditures.

(5)  The *National Strategy for Homeland Security*, the National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction, and the National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats.  The *National Strategy for Homeland Security* complements the National Security Strategy (NSS) of the US by providing a road map to mobilize and organize the nation to secure the US homeland from terrorist attacks.  This includes objectives around which society can mobilize, align, and focus on HS functions, align budgetary resources to the task of securing the homeland, and account for performance on HS efforts.  The National Strategy to Combat *Weapons of Mass Destruction* provides guidance to integrate USG and/or partner nation CBRN response efforts at home or abroad.  The National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats provides a framework for future USG planning efforts that supports the overall HSPD-10/NSPD-33, *Biodefense for the 21st Century,* and complements existing White House strategies related to biological threat preparedness and response.

(6)  **PCA, Title 18, USC, Section 1385.**  Under the PCA, federal military personnel in a Title 10, USC, duty status may not participate in law enforcement activities, except as otherwise authorized by the Constitution or statute.  For example, Congress specifically authorized military forces to conduct law enforcement activities as an exception to PCA when dealing with criminal investigations involving nuclear materials.  See Title 18, USC, Section 831, and DODI 3025.21, *Defense Support of Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies.*
(7)  **The EMAC.**  The EMAC is a congressionally approved interstate mutual aid compact that provides a legal structure by which states affected by an emergency may request assistance from other states.  Signatories to the compact resolve potential legal and financial obstacles that states might otherwise encounter as they provide assistance to the stricken state or states.  The compact sets out the responsibilities of the signatory states, provides authority to officials responding from other states (except that of arrest unless specifically authorized by the receiving state) equal to that held by residents of the affected state, ensures reciprocity in recognizing professional licenses or permits for professional skills, and provides liability protection (in certain areas) to responders from other states.  The National Emergency Management Association, a professional association of state emergency managers, administers the compact.  Since being ratified by Congress and signed into law in
1996 (Public Law 104-321), 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands have enacted legislation to become members of EMAC.  The compact establishes immunities, authorities, and liabilities for missions executed under its authority.
It allows the states to rely upon each other in responding to, among other things, emergencies such as man-made or natural disasters, insurgencies, or enemy attack.

## B.  Key Dod Guidance

(1)  **Implications.**  DOD guidelines are promulgated in a variety of documents that include strategy documents, planning guidance, DOD, and the CJCS policy documents. These documents are consistent with and complementary to the federal statutes and national security policy discussed earlier.  DOD issuances specifically address missions for HD and DSCA operations to include CBRN response.  The following documents, further discussed in Appendix A, "Key Legal, Strategy, and Policy Documents and International Protocols," are of special note:
(a)  The Strategy for HD and DSCA that builds on the concept of an active, layered defense outlined in the Defense Strategic Guidance (DSG).

(b)  DODD 3025.18, *Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA),* provides policy on and responsibilities for DSCA activities.
(c)  The DOD Strategy for CWMD seeks to ensure that the US and its allies and partners are neither attacked nor coerced by hostile actors with the threat of WMD.

(d)  CJCSI 3125.01, Defense Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Incidents in the Homeland, provides operational and policy guidance for US military forces supporting domestic CBRN response operations to prepare for and respond to the effects of a threatened or actual CBRN situation.

(2)  **Special Considerations.**  The following discussion provides general guidelines for functional areas that are associated with CBRN response.  Commanders should be aware of the specific legal implications of special considerations.

## (A)  **Intelligence Oversight, Information Collection, Sharing, And Handling.**

1.  In light of today's changing environment, commanders and their staffs should carefully consider the different rules when planning domestic operations.

2.  The SJA role is especially important during domestic operations as the parameters under which DOD operates are different in the US than they are overseas.  The military commander's need for information and intelligence within the homeland is on the riseforce protection information and counterintelligence integrated into domestic operations are expected due to a heightened awareness of potential terrorist threats.  These needs and expectations pose unique issues in the information and intelligence gathering arena.  DOD intelligence components are restricted by a set of rules referred to as intelligence oversight, governed and regulated by DODD 5240.01, DOD Intelligence Activities, and DOD 5240.1-R, Procedures Governing the Activities of DOD Intelligence Components that Affect United States Persons.  Everyone else in DOD is subject to a different set of rules governed by DODD 5200.27, Acquisition of Information Concerning Persons and Organizations not Affiliated with the Department of Defense.  Therefore, the commander must direct his need for information or intelligence to the right componentthe component with the capability and authority to achieve the commander's intent. Determining the nature of the data and the right unit to gather it are areas that often require SJA input.

(b)  **Military Information Support Operations.**  US law and DOD policy prohibit DOD from using military information support units to conduct operations against US persons.  However, assets can be used to help disseminate critical information to the civilian population.  DOD PA units may use military information support personnel and equipment to support activities such as information dissemination, printing, reproduction, distribution, and broadcasting.

## (C)  **Use Of Weapons And Ruf**

1.  CJCSI 3125.01, Defense Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Incidents in The Homeland, establishes a presumption that units deployed to CBRN incident sites will not carry arms.  Units may deploy to CBRN incident sites with their weapons in storage in the event that the unit is subsequently authorized to carry arms by SecDef or is deployed from the CBRN site to an assignment where weapons are authorized.
2.  JFCs should be thoroughly knowledgeable regarding the standing rules for the use of force (SRUF) IAW CJCSI 3121.01, Standing Rules of Engagement/Standing Rules for the Use of Force for US Forces (U).  National and local decisions about force protection conditions (FPCONs) may affect decisions regarding the arming policy.  The decision to implement a particular FPCON is a CJTF command decision.  The CJTF may request a higher FPCON from the CCDR if warranted by threat level assessments for the JOA.  FPCON is based on an assessment of the vulnerability of JTF personnel or facilities, criticality of personnel or facilities, availability of security resources, impact on operations and morale, damage control considerations, and other international or US actions.  Deterrent measures may include requesting SecDef authorization to arm the response forces along with taking other additional security measures based on local FPCON.

(d)  **Immediate Response Authority.**  The DOD's immediate response authority policy addresses the specific authority delegated to DOD component or military commanders to provide immediate DSCA to save lives, prevent human suffering, or minimize great property damage in the event of imminently serious conditions resulting from any civil emergency or attack.

1.  Immediate response is situation-specific and may or may not be associated with a declared or undeclared disaster.  The potentially catastrophic nature of CBRN incidents would most likely lead to DOD forces conducting some CBRN response activities under immediate response authority, but there are no policy exceptions or special authorities for CBRN response.  A JFC, responding to a SecDef-approved DSCA mission and/or EXORD, is like any other DOD military commander and may find the need to exercise his/her immediate response authority with available forces.  This is particularly relevant in the event of a second terrorist attack or TIM release within the JOA, since trained medical and specialized CBRN assessment/response teams are on the scene and able to rapidly respond to time-sensitive requests from the civil sector.

2.  It is important for commanders to understand immediate response authority is limited, restrictive, and conditional.  The situation must be a bona fide emergency that overwhelms the ability of civilians to respond and meets the restrictions criteria within DOD and Service directives.  As soon as practical, the military commander, or responsible official of a DOD component or agency rendering such assistance, reports the request, the nature of the response, and any other pertinent information through the chain of command to the National Military Command Center (NMCC).  The GCC should also be notified when the NMCC is notified.  IAW state law and DOD/NGB policies, state officials may also direct immediate response assistance by NG personnel under state C2, including Title 32, USC.  However, NG personnel will not be placed in or extended in Title 32, USC, status to conduct state immediate response activities.  Immediate response requests in the event of a CBRN incident may include, but are not limited to:
a.  Rescue, evacuation, and emergency medical treatment of casualties, maintenance or restoration of emergency medical capabilities, and safeguarding the public health.

b.  Emergency clearance of debris, rubble, and explosive ordnance from public facilities and other areas to permit rescue or movement of people and restoration of essential services.

c.  Detection, assessment, and containment (initial steps taken to facilitate emergency evacuation and public awareness warnings).

d.  Roadway movement control and planning.

e.  **Emergency Response.**  An action that commanders or individuals may take in extraordinary emergency circumstances where prior authorization is impossible, and where the delay or absence of a quick response to save lives, prevent human suffering, protect property and the environment, or meet basic human needs may contribute to greater danger, tragedy, or misfortune.

f.  Emergency restoration of essential public services (including firefighting, water, communications, transportation, power, and fuel). For more information on immediate response authority, see JP 3-27, Homeland Defense; JP
3-28, Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA); Deputy Secretary of Defense Memo OSD011873-13, Utilization of Immediate Response Authority for Defense Support of Civil Authorities in Complex Catastrophes, *and DODD 3025.18,* Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA).

(e)  Memoranda of understanding (**MOUs)** for mutual assistance are often established between military installations and local communities.  If an installation commander receives an RFA directly from local civil authorities prior to the President declaring a major disaster or emergency, the requesting agency should be referred to the local/state emergency management channels, unless an immediate response condition exists or a mutual assistance agreement is in effect.  Installations may have entered into earlier mutual assistance agreements with the local community in the areas of fire-fighting, hazmat, medical evacuation and/or other areas, as appropriate.  Dependent upon circumstances, this type of support may not be considered immediate response.  Accordingly, RFAs under mutual assistance MOUs must be considered IAW applicable DOD and Service directives.

c.  **NRF Guidance.**  The NRF is a guide to how the nation conducts all-hazards response.  It is built upon **scalable, flexible, and adaptable coordinating structures** to align key roles and responsibilities across the nation.  It describes specific authorities and best practices for managing incidents that range from the serious but purely local, to largescale terrorist attacks or catastrophic natural disasters.

(1)  The NRF explains the common discipline and structures that have been exercised and matured at the local, tribal, territorial, insular area, state, and national levels over time.  It describes key lessons learned from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, focusing particularly on how the USG is organized to support communities and states in catastrophic incidents.  Most important, it builds upon NIMS, which provides a consistent template for managing incidents.

(2)  The term "response," as used in the NRF, includes immediate actions to save lives, protect property and the environment, and meet basic human needs.  Response also includes the execution of emergency plans and actions to support short-term recovery.  The NRF is always in effect, and elements can be implemented as needed on a flexible, scalable basis to improve response.

(3)  The NRF is comprised of the core document, the ESF, Support, and Incident Annexes, and the partner guides.

(a)  **Core Document.**  The core document describes the doctrine that guides the national response, roles and responsibilities, response actions, response organizations, and planning requirements to achieve an effective national response to any incident that occurs.

(b)  **ESF Annexes.**  Appendix B of the NRF groups federal resources and capabilities into 15 functional areas that are most frequently needed in a national response.

(c)  **Support Annexes.**  The support annexes describe essential supporting aspects that are common to all incidents (e.g., financial management, volunteer and donations management).

(d)  **Incident Annexes.**  The incident annexes address the unique aspects of how agencies respond to seven broad incident categories (e.g., biological, nuclear, radiological).

(e)  **Partner guides** provide ready references describing key roles and actions for local, tribal, territorial, insular area, state, federal, and private-sector response partners.

d.  **Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP).**  The SPP is a US
Presidential initiative with DOD equities.  The SPP agreement, designed to reduce barriers on trade and facilitate economic growth while improving the security of the continent, was signed on 23 March 2005 by the President of the United States, the Prime Minister of Canada, and the President of Mexico.  DHS and the HS Council are the lead agencies for the agreement's security components, with DOD as a supporting agency.  The SPP Action Plan addresses goals and objectives associated with HS to include "protection, prevention, and response."  One of the goals of the agreement is to "develop and implement a common approach to critical infrastructure protection, response to cross-border terrorist incidents, and as applicable, natural disasters."  This includes a dual-binational (US/Canada and US/Mexico) objective on emergency management cooperation to develop and implement joint plans for cooperation in incident response, as well as conduct joint training and exercises in hazard response.  This drives the development of plans to build and strengthen mechanisms, protocols, and agreements for communicating and coordinating hazard response for mutual assistance and cooperation in the event of natural and technological/industrial disasters or malicious acts involving CBRN devices and hazards.

## Chapter Iii International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response

"A CBRN [chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear] incident that occurs on foreign territory may also present direct hazards to the homeland."
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 3214.01, Defense Support for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Incidents on Foreign Territory

## 1.  General

a.  ICBRN-R is assistance provided by the USG to an impacted nation to respond to the effects of a deliberate or inadvertent CBRN incident on foreign territory.  ICBRN-R encompasses coordinated USG efforts to assist a partner nation responding to CBRN
incidents.  DOD's CBRN response includes immediate life saving measures for the affected HN population as well as efforts to protect US citizens and Armed Forces abroad, as well as those of its friends and allies, in order to minimize human casualties and to provide temporary associated essential services.  Primary responsibility for responding to an international CBRN incident resides with the impacted nation, unless otherwise stipulated under relevant international agreements.  Unless otherwise directed by the President, DOS
leads and executes the overall USG ICBRN-R.  When requested by DOS and directed by SecDef, DOD supports ICBRN-R operations by performing CBRN response activities to the extent allowed by law and subject to the availability of DOD forces.

b.  Any ICBRN-R response typically includes a number of USG departments and agencies in addition to DOD.  In the case of a CBRN incident, the ability of the USG to assist an impacted nation government and its affected population is determined by the nature of the CBRN incident, the resources available to provide assistance, and the time required to deploy to the vicinity of the incident.  ICBRN-R operations will generally be conducted concurrently with FHA, noncombatant evacuation operations, and other USG response activities.  ICBRN-R operations generally occur in a permissive environment, but the relevant GCC is responsible for force protection requirements for US military personnel. Figure III-1 depicts the basic ICBRN-R relationships.

c.  A nation that endures a significant CBRN incident requiring international assistance may first request assistance from neighboring states, regional allies, and regional or international organizations that have the capacity to deliver that assistance in a timely manner.  The USG may be asked to provide assistance, or the USG may offer assistance, as part of a bilateral or international response to the CBRN incident.  It is unlikely that the USG would be the only international entity providing assistance.
For further guidance on FHA, refer to JP 3-29, Foreign Humanitarian Assistance.

## International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response

d.  **Limits on the Scope of ICBRN-R Operations.**  ICBRN-R applies to international incidents involving the deliberate or inadvertent release of CBRN materials, including TICs and TIMs.  It does not apply to the following activities:
(1)  Acts of nature or acts of man which do not involve CBRN materials.  Response to such incidents is conducted as foreign DR operations IAW DODD 5100.46, Foreign Disaster Relief (FDR).

(2)  CBRN incidents that are the direct result of US military operations in a foreign country where DOS does not have an established presence.  See Chapter IV, "Department of Defense-Led Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response," for additional information.

(3)  CBRN incidents that occur and are contained on DOD installations and facilities overseas for which DOD retains primary responsibility under relevant international agreements or arrangements IAW DODI 3020.52, DOD Installation Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and High-Yield Explosive (CBRNE) Preparedness Standards; DODI
6055.17, *DOD Installation Emergency Management (IEM) Program;* and CJCSI 3214.01, Defense Support for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Incidents on Foreign Territory.

e.  **USG Offer of Assistance Process.**  The impacted nation's CBRN response may or may not be sufficient to minimize the hazards from a CBRN incident.  Support requests for international assistance may begin immediately after an incident.  During this period, the US
embassy in the country, the applicable GCC, and other USG entities must gain situational awareness related to the nature and magnitude of effects from the CBRN incident, in order to decide whether to offer assistance to the impacted nation.

f.  **RFA Process**.  Figure III-2 depicts both the ICBRN-R RFA and ICBRN-R processes.
Once the impacted nation determines additional capabilities are required, the impacted nation notifies the US embassy with an RFA and provides known information about the incident.

(1)  The COM, usually the US ambassador, notifies DOS in Washington, DC.  DOS
conducts internal DOS and National Security Staff notifications and dispatches a foreign emergency support team (FEST) and/or a consequence management support team (CMST) to the US embassy.  Additionally, DOS begins logistics, transportation, and other support coordination with the country team.  It is expected the embassy country team will inform the appropriate GCC, who will dispatch a liaison element to work with the country team to assess the situation, identify potential support requirements, and begin the flow of information through the CCMD to the NMCC.

(2)  The National Security Staff coordinates interagency deliberations to assess the request and determine whether the US will honor it, identify what specific support will be provided and which agencies will provide that support, and develop initial guidance for responding organizations.  During this period it is expected that response elements from other nations and international organizations will also start deployment to the country stricken by the CBRN incident.

(3)  Following interagency coordination, the National Security Staff provides guidance to executive departments and other organizations to initiate the formal USG
response under ICBRN-R.  The US embassy country team increases coordination with the impacted nation regarding the specific support the US will provide and finalizes logistics, transportation, and legal negotiations.

(4)  Specific requests for DOD support are submitted to the OSD Executive Secretary or verbally through the NMCC with a follow-on formal request to the OSD Executive Secretary.  Upon receipt of a request, DOD assesses it against specific request criteria, issues appropriate orders, and coordinates for the movement of tasked resources. DOD identifies command relationships, and the supporting commands coordinate the

## Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear

provision of identified resources.  The supported CCMD identifies a TF organization, develops C2 guidance, and coordinates resource deployment with the country team.

g.  **RFA/Offer of Assistance Assessment Criteria.**  OSD and Joint Staff offices, in coordination with the supported GCC, will use the criteria outlined below to assess potential offers of, and requests for, assistance and provide a coordinated recommendation to SecDef.

(1)  Legalitycompliance with US and international laws and bilateral and multilateral agreements.

## International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And NuclearResponse During Operation Tomodachi

The disaster from a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, 46-foot tsunami, and catastrophic damage to the Fukushima Dai'ichi Nuclear Power Plant on Honshu Island, Japan, in March 2011 required the first international chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear response (ICBRN-R) (formerly foreign consequence management) by US forces.  This incident ultimately resulted in the voluntary departure of US citizens from Japan, significant loss of life, and displacement of Japanese citizens, and a Level 7 Major Accidentthe highest level on the International Nuclear Event Scale. Commander, United States Pacific Command (CDRUSPACOM) established Joint Support ForceJapan (JSF-J) to plan and execute several different missions concurrently including; humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HA/DR) ICBRN-R; departure of Department of Defense (DOD) dependents and force protection of US military bases.  Adding to the complexity, HA/DR and ICBRN-R operations were conducted bilaterally with the government of Japan and the Japanese Ministry of Defense. In order to support ICRBN-R operations, JSF-J employed a combination of CDRUSPACOM forces and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear assets resourced from outside the joint operations area including staff augmentation from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and Joint Task Force-Civil Support, the Air Force Radiological Assessment Team, the Army Area Medical Laboratory, and one Initial Response Force from the Marine Corps Chemical-Biological Incident Response Force.  In addition, unilateral response operations were required of JSF-J forces in addition to ICBRN-R. The radiological contamination from the nuclear power plant required unique and complex analysis of the potential radiation hazard areas and short- and long-term radiation hazard to US forces and citizens.  Differing national and international standards of radiation exposure, hazard modeling, exclusion zones, response procedures, and units of radiation measurement were issues faced by the response community.  Those issues coupled with the lack of reliable information of the state of the damaged reactors demonstrate that there can be uncertainty in situational awareness in ICBRN-R operations. The concurrent execution of various mission areas demonstrates that joint force commanders should be prepared to adapt to any dynamic situations that arise during response.

(2)  Lethalitypotential use of force by or against DOD assets.
(3)  Riskto national security (if the USG does or does not provide the requested assistance), the potential to affect US interests across national instruments of power, and to the health and safety of forces supporting ICBRN-R operations.

## Various Sources

(4)  Cost and Reimbursementavailability of funds, potential for reimbursement, and impact on DOD budget.

(5)  Readinessimpact on DOD's ability to perform its primary mission and availability of appropriate forces.

(6)  Appropriatenesswhether or not DOD can and should perform the mission.
Factors to be considered include the contributions provided by other USG departments or agencies, other nations, and international and private organizations.

(7)  CCDR inputGCC issues regarding mission execution and impact of the mission on country-specific and regional policies, plans, and initiatives, and other current or planned military operations.

(8)  Timelinessability to deliver the requested capabilities where needed in a timeframe that can achieve USG CBRN incident-specific policy objectives.

## 2.  Roles, Responsibilities, Authorities, And Assets A.  **Roles And Responsibilities**

(1)  **Impacted Nation.**  Primary responsibility for responding to, managing, and mitigating the consequences of an international CBRN incident resides with the affected nation's government.  When overwhelmed, the impacted nation is responsible for requesting international assistance and sharing all relevant information about the CBRN incident with international partners.

(2)  **DOS.**  Unless otherwise directed by the President, DOS coordinates all USG
support to an affected nation.  DOS typically serves as the LFA for ICBRN-R; however, DOS frequently coordinates support through the US Agency for International Development.
After such an ICBRN-R support request by DOS is approved by SecDef, DOD commences its support to the affected nation as part of the overall USG response.  This support may include negotiation of landing and/or overflight diplomatic clearances for contaminated or formerly contaminated aircraft.

(3)  **The US Embassy/COM.**  The US COM (normally the ambassador) is the President's top representative in the affected nation.  Normally, all USG support to the affected nation will be coordinated by the responsible COM and country team.  All matters requiring DOS review or approval should be submitted to the COM.

(4)  **The National Security Council/Staff.**  The National Security Council, through the National Security Staff, coordinates interagency deliberations during any ICBRN-R response to determine whether the US will honor a potential affected nation request, identifies what specific support will be provided and which agencies will provide that support, and develops initial guidance for responding organizations.

(5)  **ASD(HD&GS).**  The ASD(HD&GS) serves as the principal advisor to SecDef and the USD(P) on matters concerning any portion of the DOD response within an ICBRN-R
operation.  As such, the ASD(HD&GS) develops, coordinates, and oversees all aspects of associated policy.  The ASD(HD&GS) also serves as the OSD office of primary responsibility for the review of all CJCS plans, instructions, and manuals related to ICBRN- R operations, exercises, and plans.  The ASD(HD&GS) represents SecDef on all ICBRN-R
policy matters outside of DOD; provides policy oversight for the planning and prepositioning of DOD ICBRN-R assets for international incidents, including but not limited to, foreign events, summits, and conferences; and finally serves as the principal coordinator of DOD ICBRN-R  exercises within the USG.

(6)  **CJCS.**  The CJCS serves as the principal military advisor to SecDef and the President in preparing for and responding to an international CBRN incident.  The CJCS reviews all requests for ICBRN-R.  CJCS assesses whether US forces are able and available to support ICBRN-R operations concurrent with any on-going military operations.  CJCS
develops US military strategy, policy, and positions to support GCC operational planning and provides recommendations for DOD support to USG ICBRN-R operations.

(7)  **GCCs.**  Each GCC has the inherent responsibility to provide support to DOS as approved by SecDef.  Each GCC develops plans for ICBRN-R within their assigned AOR and is prepared to deploy a liaison element to the vicinity of the incident site to liaise with the US embassy and to provide situational awareness to the supported CCDR.  Each GCC identifies a headquarters element to provide the initial incident response and serve as the initial C2 element of DOD for ICBRN-R operations within their respective AOR.  When in a supporting role, CCDRs provide requested forces and assets to the supported GCCs.  The GCCs develop interface procedures for exchanging CBRN response-related operational support requests between the COM, Joint Staff, their subordinate commanders, and higher headquarters.  The interface procedures should include affected nation to DOS, DOS to DOD, DOD to supported CCDRs, and supported to supporting CCDRs' protocols, and reside in theater plans or standard operating procedures. For more information, see CJCSI 3214.01, Defense Support for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Incidents on Foreign Territory.

(8)  **CDRUSSTRATCOM.**  Consistent with USSTRATCOM's role to integrate and synchronize DOD's efforts in CWMD, advises the CCDRs and Joint Staff on the capabilities available to assist in ICBRN-R operations.

(9)  **CDRUSTRANSCOM.**  As directed by SecDef, CDRUSTRANSCOM plans and prepares to move selected DOD forces and identified elements, equipment, supplies, and other commodities and those of other USG departments and agencies, the impacted nation, and international partners in support of a President-directed ICBRN-R and/or other military CBRN response  assistance operations.

(10)  **Commander, US Special Operations Command.**  Prepares to deploy selected forces to support the GCC during Presidential-directed ICBRN-R and/or other military CBRN response operations.  Provides special operations assets to the supported CCMD as requested and approved by SecDef.

(11)  **Service Chiefs.**  When directed by SecDef, provide trained and equipped forces (to include forces from the RC) as part of the supported GCC's response during a CBRN incident.  Service forces may consist of, but are not limited to, specialized CBRN
personnel, teams, or units that have been trained and equipped to provide support in the warm and hot zone and conventional forces for  operations  in the cold zone; and force protection elements, transportation units, logistics activities, air assets, and research and medical capabilities.  See Chapter I, "Overview," subparagraph 5c(7)(e), "Zone Control," for detailed discussion of control zones.

(12)  **CNGB.**  CNGB coordinates with states and territories to provide capabilities as part of the supported GCC's response during a CBRN incident, to assist the LFA.  These forces may consist of, but are not limited to, specialized chemical and biological units with CBRN detection, identification, warning, reporting, protection, and decontamination capabilities, chemical detachments; EOD units; specialized medical units; force protection elements; transportation units; logistics activities; air assets; and research capabilities.

(13)  **DTRA.**  DTRA provides operational and technical advice and support to DOD
components and other USG departments and agencies, as requested and approved regarding ICBRN-R operations.  This is accomplished through training and exercises, the deployment of a CBRN military advisory team, and operational planning assistance.  DTRA also provides modeling, predictions, assessments, publications, lessons learned, analysis, and other support as required.  DTRA provides technical reachback through the DTRA
Operations Center, a 24/7 WMD and CBRN national reachback and situational awareness facility, for all technical support.  During ICBRN-R, DTRA liaises with other technical support providers and the intelligence community to meet support requests.

(14)  **Installation Commanders.**  As in the US, if a CBRN incident occurs, US
commanders on foreign territory may, when requested by the impacted nation, exercise their immediate response authority to assist.  However, their response is more restrictive (i.e., limited to only saving lives) than within the US homeland (see CJCSI 3214.01, Defense Support for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Incidents on Foreign Territory).  DOD has independent statutory authority (Title 10, USC, Section 404) to respond to overseas man-made or natural disasters when necessary to prevent loss of life. Under EO 12966, *Foreign Disaster Assistance,* SecDef provides such assistance at the direction of the President, or in consultation with the Secretary of State.  However, in emergency situations to save human lives, when there is not sufficient time to seek prior concurrence from the Secretary of State, DOD may provide assistance, and advise and seek the concurrence of the Secretary of State, as soon as practicable, thereafter (see also DODD 5100.46, *Foreign Disaster Relief [FDR],* and DODI 2000.21, DOD Support to International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear [CBRN] Incidents).

(15)  **NGOs and the Private Sector.**  NGOs are private, self-governing, not-forprofit organizations dedicated to alleviating human suffering; and/or promoting education, health care, economic development, environmental protection, human rights, and conflict resolution; and/or encouraging the establishment of democratic institutions and civil society.
Private sector is an umbrella term that may be applied in the US and in foreign countries to any or all of the nonpublic or commercial individuals and businesses, specified nonprofit organizations, most of academia and other scholastic institutions, and selected NGOs.  While many of these organizations are very capable of performing humanitarian assistance (HA) tasks, there is a great diversity of capabilities between the various NGOs and private sector entities.  For planning purposes, it should be assumed that these various agencies and entities will desire to participate in HA aspects of ICBRN-R operations.  It should also be expected that various organizations will interact with the responsible CCMD military elements in differing degrees and manners, from cooperative to indifferent.  These organizations often need to work separate from the USG to maintain the ability to be neutral in conflicts.

b.  **Authorities.**  In the event of a CBRN incident affecting foreign territory, various authorities exist to govern the response.  The two major laws which govern US responses to international CBRN incidents are the International Disaster Assistance section of the Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) (Title 22, USC) and the military humanitarian response authorities set forth in Title 10, USC.  In addition to a review of these authorizing laws, various restrictions on US international aid should be considered before any response or assistance is provided.

(1)  **The FAA of 1961** provides authorization for USG foreign aid programs.  The FAA authorizes the President "to furnish assistance to any foreign country, international organization, or private voluntary organization, on such terms as he may determine, for international DR and rehabilitation, including assistance relating to disaster preparedness, and to the prediction of, and contingency planning for, natural disasters abroad." Additionally it states, "In carrying out the provisions of this section the President shall insure that the assistance provided by the US shall, to the greatest extent possible, reach those most in need of relief and rehabilitation as a result of natural and man-made disasters."  The types of assistance that may be provided under this section are not enumerated.  However, assistance relating to disaster preparedness is expressly approved.

(2)  **EO 12966** authorizes DOD to provide disaster assistance outside of the US
either at the direction of the President, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, or on its own initiative to save human lives in emergency situations where there is insufficient time to consult with the Secretary of State.  The immediate response authority is similar to but more constrained than the military's immediate response authority for domestic disasters in that immediate response authority is only to save lives.  When such compelling conditions exist and time does not permit prior approval from higher headquarters, commanders or officials acting under immediate response authority may take necessary and prudent action to respond to requests from local affected nation authorities or the US COM.  Following their immediate response authority actions, commanders report to their higher headquarters of assistance being provided by the most expeditious means available and seek approval or additional authorizations as needed.  The GCC notifies the affected US COM at the time of higher headquarters notification.

c.  **Assets.**  The following paragraphs identify organizations that could respond to an ICBRN-R incident:
(1)  **FEST.**  The FEST is a DOS-led interagency support team that can be deployed immediately in support of the US embassy in response to actual or suspected terrorist incidents.  The Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism exercises responsibility for the management of the FEST.  The FEST is task-organized depending on the incident and may include DOD elements that provide support to the US embassy, consulate, or mission for foreign emergency operations.  The appropriate GCC provides liaison, and as required technical support to the FEST.  A small ICBRN-R advisory component should be on the FEST whenever CBRN materials are involved.  DOD provides additional support as required through the supported CCMD.

(2)  **CMST.**  The CMST is a DOS-led interagency support team that can be deployed pre- or post-incident.  The CMST provides CBRN response advice, assistance, and support to a US embassy, consulate, or mission in country.  It can be deployed in lieu of or as a subordinate element to the FEST.  It is comprised of subject matter experts from DOS and other USG departments and agencies as required.  The CMST provides ICBRN-R situation assessments to the USG and affected nation, as appropriate, and with the COM, coordinates the USG response for DOS.  Upon approval by SecDef, DOD provides support to the CMST
through the appropriate GCC as requested by DOS.

(3)  **DTRA CBRN Military Advisory Team.**  The CBRN military advisory team deploys to provide joint technical support to the supported commander with expertise in CBRN response procedures, requirements, resources, C2, health physics, PA, legal affairs, and specialized technical information.  The CBRN military advisory team is able to taskorganize and deploy to support commanders in the technical aspects of CBRN accidents or incidents.  The incident tailored force has secure communications, trained technical experts, hazard prediction modeling capability, and rapid reachback capability.

(4)  The **US AFRRI** can provide DOD technical support capability for nuclear and radiological incidents or accidents.  An AFRRI medical radiobiology advisory team (MRAT) responds as part of the DTRA CBRN military advisory team and is available at all times. The MRAT can provide on-site training to health professionals on the management of nuclear or radiological casualties.  The team provides state-of-the-art expertise and advice to commanders and primary care providers following a nuclear or radiological incident.  The MRAT provides access to biodosimetry and bioassay support to incident responders and local health authorities.

(5)  The **Air Force Radiation Assessment Team** is a globally responsive force support package that provides personnel and equipment for expert technical assistance and field response to radiological/nuclear accidents, incidents, or threats.  Capabilities include direct radiation measurements, collection of environmental samples, dosimetry and bioassay, field radioanalytical laboratory, quantitative hazard analysis, risk assessment and communication, and operational planning and commander decision support.
(6)  **US Marine Corps CBIRF.**  CBIRF deploys on short notice in response to an international CBRN incident to minimize the effects through detection, identification, search and extraction, technical rescue, mass casualty decontamination, medical triage, and emergency medical support.

(7)  The **United States Army 20th CBRNE Command** is the operational headquarters for Army CBRN specialized units.  The 20th CBRNE Command is the primary Army force provider of specialized CBRNE capabilities.  It conducts CBRNE operations in support of the CCDR, JFC, and Army; provides support to the LFA as required; provides C2 of assigned CBRN forces; provides CBRNE technical advice and assistance; and maintains a technical reachback assistance capability.

A more comprehensive listing of military capabilities, assets, and units for support to CBRN
response operations can be found in ATP 3-11.41/MCRP 10-10E.6 [MCRP 3-37.2C]/NTTP
3-11.24/AFTTP 3-2.37, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Consequence Management Operations.

## 3.  Command Relationships

a.  SecDef designates the supported and supporting CCMD relationships, and the supported CCDR establishes the command relationships of assigned forces for each specific CBRN response.  The DOD supports the LFA during USG ICBRN-R operations unless otherwise directed by the President.  DOD forces remain under the C2 of the supported CCDR.  DOS retains responsibility for coordination among USG entities.

b.  **C2 Element Considerations.**  Important considerations for commanders of C2
elements include:
(1)  **Assessment and Response.**  JTF assessment and response requirements may include:

(a)  Incident site surveillance and initial assessments. (b)  Incident site control, to include entry and exit management.
(c)  Assistance with decontamination of personnel, equipment, facilities and/or terrain.  The JTF assessment and response element may provide initial assistance to the affected nation in decontamination services.  The JTF assessment and response element should scope planning for potential decontamination services providing protection for public health and safety,  keeping in mind that protracted clean-up efforts will be performed by the affected nation.

(d)  Analysis and recommendations to the COM, USG departments and agencies, and affected nation for near-term management of the incident.

(e)  Temporary provision of essential service support.  This support may include providing assistance in critical infrastructure restoration or assistance in initial site clean-up and debris removal.  Note, however, that long-term recovery efforts are the responsibility of the affected country.

(f)  In the event of a radiological incident, a radiological control team may be needed to provide health physicists and/or other technical assistance (radiation control and safety).
(g)  Risk communications coordination to include developing strategy, addressing operational issues, and ensuring consistent messaging across the JTF.  Assistance with this task can be sought through the US Army Public Health Center (Provisional) or Service equivalents.

(h)  Coordination of information sharing protocols among data producers and data users in order to maintain a common operational picture among participating agencies. Provision of a share point or similar unique information clearinghouse that is access controlled and available to all participating agencies is recommended.

(2)  **Transportation and Logistics.**  Transportation and logistics may include the following:

(a)  Pre-positioning materials and supplies for use by the JTF.
(b)  Providing transport support, to include aviation, ground, and, if necessary,
waterborne assets.  Assisting the affected nation in the coordination of transportation.
1.  Depending upon the condition of the remaining transportation infrastructure including roads and railroads, rotary-wing aviation and ground units may be able to assist in the movement of personnel, supplies, debris, and equipment in and around the incident area.  The CCDR and CJTF should anticipate such assistance requests.

2.  The use of maritime forces is dependent upon waterway and helicopter/aerial access of incident site and JTF transportation requirements.

(c)  Providing contract support to the JTF.
(d)  Coordinating logistic support for the other components of the JTF.
(e)  Providing medical evacuation transportation support.
1.  Rotary-wing assets may be able to provide the most efficient means to move non-contaminated casualties within the vicinity of the incident site.

2.  Both fixed-wing and high speed waterborne assets can be used to quickly move casualties intertheater and/or intratheater depending upon the locations of the affected areas and the condition of surviving transportation infrastructure (e.g., airfields, ports, railroads).

(f)  Establish policy for the disposition of contaminated or formerly contaminated US materiel and equipment including aircraft, vehicles, and other major end items.  Note that this may apply in the HN, a third-party nation, or CONUS.

(g)  Establish policy for the maintenance of contaminated or formerly contaminated US materiel and equipment including aircraft, vehicles, and other major end items.  Supporting elements should be notified that although the item may have been decontaminated to standard, there may be remaining contamination in internal areas and components not normally accessible during routine operations.  Note that this may apply in the HN, a third-party nation, or CONUS.

(3)  **Health Services.**  Assess health risk of CBRN hazards and provide recommendations to minimize risk.  Health services tasks may include the following:

(a)  Triage of casualties. (b)  Treatment for casualties and responders. (c)  Augmentation to existing medical treatment facilities IAW status-of-forces
agreements (SOFAs).
(d)  Assistance in medical administration and management during an incident.
(e)  Collection of medical specimens as required for laboratory analysis and
identification.
(f)  Patient tracking/patient movement/evacuation teams for coordination
purposes.
(g)  Distribution of medical supplies.
(h)  Administration of medical countermeasures, to include immunizations and prophylaxes, as required.  Medical countermeasure administration may require the establishment of a point of dispensing for mass operations.

(i)  Stress management. (j)  Patient decontamination. (k)  Detection.
(l)  For radiological incidents, a radiological advisory medical team specifically trained in radiological health matters may be needed to provide on-site assistance and guidance to the CJTF and local medical authorities.

(m)  For chemical and biological incidents, consider the following specific consultation:
1.  The USAMRICD and USAMRIID provide telephonic consultation in cases of potential exposure.  Specialized response teams can deploy upon validated request by appropriate military or federal authorities to provide clinical event analysis and bedside clinical consultation (not direct patient care) in response to a chemical or biological event of national or international significance.

2.  For infectious diseases, US Air Force's Critical Care Transport Team is responsible for the transport of a highly contagious patient that has been exposed to a biological contaminant and to prevent further contamination to the medical staff and the environment.  The patient isolation unit (PIU) provides a capability to move a small number of highly contagious patients through the aeromedical evacuation system.  However, in most situations, it is recommended that the necessary medical resources be moved to the event location (treat in place) rather than moving the contagious patient.  The PIU enhances force protection by providing medical personnel the capability to transport contagious patients without fear of contamination to caregivers, other patients, passengers, and transport vehicles.

(n)  Develop policy and guidance on health monitoring of exposed and/or contaminated Service members or other impacted US citizens.  This may encompass short-, intermediate-, and/or long-term monitoring and follow-up.

(o)  Ensure coordination of force health protection measures with DOS and other USG and HN departments and agencies.
(4)  **Civil-Military Operations.**  Civil-military operations tasks may include the following:
(a)  Assistance in supporting the interface between the affected nation government and outside assets.

(b)  Assistance in dealing with displaced civilians. (c)  Interorganizational coordination.
(5)  **Security.**  Security tasks may be to:
(a)  Provide force protection and security for JTF, as required. (b)  Protect US citizens and casualties. (c)  Implement appropriate AT measures. (d)  Establish early warning systems within the JTF operational area. (e)  Provide convoy and patient transport security.
Guidelines for establishing a JTF and standing JTF headquarters can be found in JP 3-33, Joint Task Force Headquarters.

## 4.  Affected Nation Considerations

a.  An affected nation is one that has requested CBRN support in order to minimize the hazardous effects of the  incident.  The affected nation has primary responsibility to respond to, manage, and coordinate other nations' augmenting CBRN support.  Ultimately affected nation is responsible for minimizing the effects and concluding the CBRN incident within its borders.  A major part of any ICBRN-R operation is augmenting affected nation operations, not replacing them.  The US embassy within the country should identify HN CBRN response capabilities in order to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of the USG response.  To assist in the clarification of duties, a list of typical government ministries follows, although exact names will vary in each country.

(1)  Ministry of interior in many countries performs the national crisis response mission.

(2)  Ministry of agriculture typically has the responsibility for rural development and water conservation, as well as land resources.

(3)  Ministry of defense is typically responsible for ensuring the defense of the country by coordinating defense-related matters with the Services, as well as the applicable branches of government.

(4)  Ministry of finance is typically responsible for the administration of the finances of the affected nation government, regulation of expenditures of the government and is concerned with all economic and financial matters affecting the country as a whole.

(5)  Ministry of foreign affairs typically prepares the affected nation foreign affairs policy and represents the interests of the affected nation government outside of its borders.

(6)  Ministry of health is typically the health authority in the affected nation responsible for the coordination of the affected nation health care policy (if applicable) and sanitation.

(7)  Ministry of trade and industry is typically responsible for providing safe working conditions, administrating laws and regulations related to trade and industry, and dialogues with enterprises, organizations, and other authorities.

(8)  Ministry of justice is typically concerned with the creation and implementation of the affected nation laws, as well as advising the other ministries regarding these laws.

(9)  Ministry of labor is typically responsible for the affected nation employment policy, administration and personnel policy, competition and income policy, and matters concerning living standards.

(10)  Ministry of the environment typically handles issues such as pollution control, nature conservation, and waste management and minimization.

(11)  Ministry of public works and housing is typically responsible for affected nation programs that address housing needs; improves and develops communities; and enforcement of applicable housing and other public welfare laws.

(12)  Ministry of social development is typically entrusted with the welfare, social justice, and empowerment of the disadvantaged and marginalized section of the society.

(13)  Ministry of transportation typically ensures a fast, safe, efficient, accessible, and convenient transportation system that meets affected nation interests.

(14)  Ministry of education typically oversees the quality of education in the affected nation and prepares students for employment in the affected nation environment.

b.  **Negotiations Regarding Use of Specialized Equipment and Facilities.**  ICBRN-R
may require specialized equipment such as decontamination systems, mobile laboratories, field hospitals, medical equipment, and emergency shelter.  However, the affected nation may have safety, interoperability, or other issues with the importation and use of such equipment in a CBRN response.  For instance, US responders may have difficulty importing specialized CBRN detection equipment into foreign countries.  In the absence of agreements, responders may have to rely on such ad hoc negotiations to import and/or use equipment necessary for an effective response.  Ideally, relevant multinational CBRN response training exercises can identify special requirements and establish the necessary agreements prior to an incident.

c.  The affected nation will likely have its own guidelines for decontamination.  For instance, within the US, the EPA provides guidance on cleanup levels for radioactive sites and trains other US departments and agencies to prepare for such emergencies.  However, international standards may also apply to an international CBRN incident.

## 5.  Joint And Multinational Force Considerations

a.  **RUF/Rules of Engagement (ROE).**  CJCSI 3121.01, Standing Rules of Engagement/Standing Rules for the Use of Force for US Forces (U), outlines the DOD
standing rules of engagement (SROE) and SRUF for US forces.  In general, when conducting ICBRN-R, SROE should be applied.  However, CCDRs may augment SROE with supplemental measures or by submitting supplemental measures to SecDef for approval. Commanders also notify SecDef of restrictions placed on approved ROE/RUF.

b.  During ICBRN-R, commanders at all levels have the inherent right and obligation to defend their units and other US forces at all times against a "hostile act or demonstrated hostile intent."
c.  US forces under the OPCON or TACON of a multinational force will follow the ROE of the multinational force for mission accomplishment if authorized by SecDef.  Any inconsistencies between the multinational ROE and US ROE will be submitted through the chain of command for resolution.  Prior to resolution, US forces will follow US ROE. Additionally, US forces will remain bound by international agreements to which the US is a party regardless of whether the other members of the multinational force are party to the agreements.  However, international agreements, e.g., SOFAs, "may never be interpreted to limit US forces right of self-defense."  Self-defense, specifically unit self-defense, can be extended to, and includes, persons, vessels, or aircraft receiving emergency assistance from US aircraft or vessels. Enclosure A of CJCSI 3121.01, Standing Rules of Engagement/Standing Rules for the Use of Force for US Forces (U), details SROE policy and provides implementation guidance for the application of force for mission accomplishment and the exercise of self-defense.  It also addresses SROE for US forces operating with multinational forces.

d.  **Multinational Operations.**  The US has standing agreements with some foreign governments that allow for the sharing of high-level intelligence (e.g., special category), but in all cases, the release of classified information to multinational partners is made IAW the national disclosure policy (NDP).  Detailed guidance is provided to the senior US
commander by the chain of command IAW National Security Decision Memorandum 119, Disclosure of Classified United States Military Information to Foreign Governments and International Organizations, and NDP-1, National Policy and Procedures for the Disclosure of Classified Military Information to Foreign Governments and International Organizations.
JP 2-01, Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations, and JP 3-16, Multinational Operations, contain detailed discussions of sanitization and foreign disclosure procedures.

e.  **Civil-Military Operations Center (CMOC).**  During ICBRN-R operations, the ability of the JTF to work with all organizations and groups is essential to mission accomplishment.  A good working relationship between military forces, USG departments and agencies, civilian authorities, involved international and regional organizations, and the population is critical.  The CMOC is a focal point as the primary meeting place of these elements, represented by US Service liaisons; military liaisons from participating countries;
US Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance representatives; DOS personnel; affected nation representatives; and representatives from the United Nations (UN), NGOs, and international organizations.  More than one CMOC may be established in a JOA, and each is taskorganized based on the mission.  The organization of the CMOC is theater and mission dependentflexible in size and composition.  During large-scale hazards assessment operations, if a headquarters operations center is formed by the affected nation or UN, the CMOC becomes the focal point for coordination between participating military and civilian agencies.  The CMOC for ICBRN-R operations should include representatives from all agencies and organizations involved in the response. For further guidance on the interagency process, refer to JP 3-57, Civil-Military Operations, and JP 3-08, Interorganizational Cooperation.  Additional guidance on multinational operations is found in JP 3-16, Multinational Operations.

## 6.  Unique Planning Considerations For Operations Outside Of The United States

CJCSI 3214.01, Defense Support for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Incidents on Foreign Territory, establishes the phases of ICBRN-R operations.  As in the domestic operational environment, CBRN response is based on a six-phase construct. However, phase names and associated activities differ from the JP 3-0, *Joint Operations,* model.  It is unlikely that all forces will shift from each of these phases to the next phase simultaneously.  It is more likely that some forces will be still working the last issues associated with one phase as other components are commencing activities within the next phase.  The six phases follow:
a.  **Phase 0 (Shape).**  This is a continuous phase.  The intent of this phase is to ensure DOD is organized, trained, equipped, and prepared to support USG efforts to minimize the effects of CBRN incidents on foreign soil.  Key tasks of this phase include military engagement, interagency coordination, plans development, training, exercise, and constant monitoring for a developing crisis.  DOD will assist DOS in shaping the environment through security cooperation, information operations, partner capacity building and other military engagement activities on both a country and regional basis in an effort to prevent or avert a CBRN incident and to enhance partner capabilities to effectively manage the effects of a CBRN incident if such an incident cannot be prevented.  Additionally, CCMDs should coordinate response, support, and situational awareness processes, procedures, and requirements with US embassies within their AOR.

b.  **Phase I, Deter (Situation Assessment and Preparation).**  Transition to phase I
occurs on reliable warnings of a CBRN incident or upon notification that an incident has occurred.  Phase I includes those actions required to conduct situation assessment and preparation, including the timely and accurate assessment of the CBRN situation, preparation for deployment, and deployment of selected advance elements.  This may include, but is not limited to, the CCMD LNO or team.  Phase I ends when the nature and scope of the CBRN
situation and initial response force requirements are defined.  Additionally, any limited initial response to a CBRN incident conducted by DOD commanders operating under immediate response authority would likely occur during phase I.

c.  **Phase II, Seize the Initiative (Deployment).**  Phase II begins with SecDef-approved CJCS deployment and/or EXORD designating the intermediate and/or forward staging bases and establishing formal command relationships (i.e., supported and supporting commanders).
The order serves as the formal authority for the deployment of forces.  Phase II completion is generally marked by having forces deployed with enough C2 and unit capability to safely and effectively begin operations.  Depending on the situation, the CJTF may decide to move into phase III operations before all phase II objectives are complete and continue to work on phase II objectives while in phase III.

d.  **Phase III, Dominate (Assistance to Affected Nation Authorities).**  Phase III begins with the arrival of required military assistance at the incident location and supporting locations and ends with the determination that DOD support is no longer required or appropriate.  Commanders begin planning immediately for transition to affected nation and civilian agencies, including USG, other international governments, donors, and NGOs, and should identify the necessary or minimum conditions to initiate transition to other agencies.

e.  **Phase IV, Stabilize (Transition to Affected Nation and/or Other Agencies).**
Although planning for transition of CBRN response  activities begins as soon as practical following the initial response, phase IV begins with the formal implementation of the transition plan for those tasks and responsibilities being accomplished by DOD and ends when directed by SecDef or the affected nation has assumed full responsibility for response activities.

f.  **Phase V, Enable Civilian Authorities (Redeployment).**  Phase V begins with the redeployment of US military forces involved in CBRN response operations or the formal transition of those forces to a purely DR or HA mission.  Phase V is complete when all forces have returned to their previous military posture or completed transition to other missions.

## 7.  Applicable International Laws And Agreements

a.  **Legal Guidance.**  The complexity of ICBRN-R policies, treaties, and agreements requires continuous involvement of the SJA or appropriate legal advisor with the planning, control, and assessment of operations.  Because of the international nature of ICBRN-R efforts, this will also include continuous interorganizational coordination to establish the legal authorities, capabilities, and limitations associated with participating organizations.

(1)  The SJA should be involved throughout the planning process, including mission analysis and COA development, to ensure that the relevant GCC is aware of potential ICBRN-R related legal issues.  For instance, multinational partners, allies, and affected nations will have their own treaty obligations and laws that may significantly differ from our own and restrict or prohibit their participation in ICBRN-R operations.  The SJA can advise of potential associated issues, such as consequences of execution and harmful environmental impacts, collateral damage, or other ICBRN-R-related legal issues that should be considered during the response effort.

(2)  The SJA should address ICBRN-R-related legal issues associated with joint operations during both the mission analysis and the planning processes.  ICBRN-R-related legal issues should be outlined in appendix 4 (Legal) to annex E (Personnel) in plans and orders, and should reflect the description of legal support required to sustain the mission as developed during the planning process.  Protecting enemy prisoners of war and third country nationals from CBRN hazards are examples of two such issues.
b.  **International Law and Agreements.**  International law, policies, treaties, and agreements to which the US is a signatory identify certain rights and obligations that may affect joint operations.  These legal requirements may pose constraints and restraints.  They shape the design of operations and campaigns that deal with support to an ICBRN-R
mission. For further guidance on legal support, refer to JP 1-04, Legal Support to Military Operations.  For additional background on legal issues unique to ICBRN-R operations, refer to the DTRA Foreign Consequence Management Legal Deskbook.

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## Chapter Iv Department Of Defense-Led Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response

"Where DOS [Department of State] has no established diplomatic presence, POTUS [President of the United States] may direct the Department of Defense to coordinate the USG [United States Government] response."
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 3214.01, Defense Support for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Incidents on Foreign Territory

## 1.  General

a.  DOD conducts CBRN response operations to minimize the effects of CBRN
incidents on operations.  Although DOD CBRN response capabilities are primarily designed for use in support of military operations, like any other DOD response capability, these military assets may also be used in support of civilian operations or joint or multinational forces, when directed.  Minimizing the hazard reduces the threat to personnel, facilitates freedom of action, and supports mission completion.  In the majority of cases, DOD CBRN response capabilities are applied in support of DOS in the conduct of ICBRN-R and DHS for domestic CBRN response.  However, during combat operations or in specific instances where DOS or DHS is unable or incapable of leading the USG effort, DOD could be given primary mission responsibility.  DOD-led CBRN response can occur in either domestic CBRN response or ICBRN-R.  DOD may be delegated or tasked with leading a USG CBRN
response effort.

b.  For DOD, the CBRN environment is hazard-focused and may involve deliberate, prolonged actions in and around the hazard area to support response and recovery efforts. While some hazard mitigation can be conducted by conventional forces, specialized CBRN response operations to address the source of the hazard often require specialized training and equipment.

c.  DOD-led CBRN response operations are generally conducted in one of two situations.  DOD may be directed to coordinate the USG CBRN response in a permissive or uncertain environment where the DOS has no established diplomatic presence in the JOA to facilitate LFA activities, or there is no functioning HN government, to meet ICBRN-R requirements.  The US military will lead CBRN response operations conducted concurrently with military operations in hostile environments consistent with strategic planning guidance.

d.  These unique conditions require the JFC to assume primary responsibility for planning and conducting the incident responsible until conditions permit transfer of responsibility to DHS, DOS, or another authority.  In these cases, the JFC becomes the de facto USG lead for the initial response using available assets.  The JFC requests additional support from the USG and other nations through DHS or DOS for follow-on operations.  The conditions within the operational environment may range from active combat operations to crisis response in limited contingency in responding to or in minimizing effects of, such an incident.  DOD transitions CBRN response activities as soon as feasible to an appropriate civilian governmental authority.
e.  Strategic and operational objectives drive the priority of DOD-led CBRN response
operations in relation to other ongoing military operations.  JFC's should plan DOD-led CBRN response operations as a complex contingency or branch operation executed in any environment to:

(1)  Facilitate accomplishment of overall military objectives.
(2)  Minimize the effects of a CBRN incident on combat operations.
(3)  Provide assistance to civilian populace affected by a CBRN incident.
(4)  Facilitate transfer to stability operations.
f.  In general, DOD-led CBRN response  operations occur in one of the following operational contexts:
(1)  In response to CBRN incidents on foreign territory where DOS does not have an established diplomatic presence or there is no functioning HN government DOD may be required to act as the LFA for ICBRN-R requests to coordinate the USG response, including in-country activities and actions to minimize the effects of WMD use/CBRN hazards. Requested activities and actions will be assessed based on the following criteria: legality, lethality, risk, cost and reimbursement, readiness, appropriateness, GCC input, and timeliness to provide recommendations to SecDef and facilitate coordination of the USG
response through DOS and interagency partners.

(2)  DOD-led CBRN response operations conducted concurrently with military operations include:

(a)  CBRN response assistance to the local populace within the operational
area.
(b)  CBRN response at APODs/SPODs to maintain force projection capacity.
(c)  Activities to minimize potential collateral effects from targeting adversary WMD capabilities.

(d)  CBRN response as a result of US, allied, or adversary military operations that result in the release of CBRN or TIMs.

(e)  CBRN response to incidents on DOD installations.
(3)  DOD-led CBRN response for:
(a)  CBRN response to incidents involving DOD property located on or off a DOD installation at the time of the incident.

(b)  CBRN response as directed by the President.

## 2.  Roles And Responsibilities

Roles, responsibilities, and relationships for DOD-led CBRN response differ from those listed in Chapter II, "Domestic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response."
The following information applies only to DOD-led CBRN response operations:
a.  **OSD.**  OSD coordinates JFC requests for support and forces with other USG
departments and agencies.  OSD coordinates with other USG departments and agencies for the transition or transfer of responsibility of CBRN response operations to other USG
departments and agencies, international agencies, or other countries, as appropriate.  OSD
coordinates with either DHS or DOS and the Joint Staff to obtain legal authorities, protocols, standards, and agreements.  Additionally, OSD coordinates with DOS to notify the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons of discoveries or destruction of chemical weapons materials and former production facilities.

b.  **CJCS.**  CJCS, through the Joint Staff, coordinates with CCMDs and Services to make sure that DOD-led CBRN response operations are executed in compliance with domestic, international, and foreign laws, policies, treaties, and agreements.  They assist with interagency support for operations and assist in planning and exercising activities within the interagency process.  They also coordinate and provide intelligence support to the CCDRs for threat identification and prioritization.  When required after SecDef's approval, CJCS publishes appropriate EXORDs for DOD-led CBRN response operations.

c.  **GCCs.**  GCCs plan and execute DOD-led CBRN response operations within their AORs.  They incorporate DOD-led CBRN response operations into their operational plans.
GCCs also provide for intratheater movement of specialized personnel and equipment and coordinate transportation of suspect or confirmed CBRN-related material, to include weapons, agents, delivery systems, and infrastructure for short- to long-term storage, protection, dismantlement, destruction, or disposal.  This includes tracking, documenting, accounting, and reporting WMD material, facilities, and personnel discovered, stored, or destroyed in the AOR.  GCCs coordinate with OSD and the Joint Staff to plan for transition, or the transfer of responsibility of DOD-led CBRN response with other multinational forces or nation-states.  Finally, they coordinate with OSD and the Joint Staff to ensure operations are in compliance with US obligations under international laws, policies, treaties, and agreements.

d.  **DTRA.**  DTRA provides operational and technical advice and support to DOD
components and other USG departments and agencies, as requested and approved regarding DOD CBRN response operations.  This is accomplished through training and exercises, the deployment of CBRN military advisory teams, and operational planning assistance.  DTRA
also provides modeling, predictions, assessments, publications, lessons learned, analysis, and other support as required.  DTRA provides technical reachback through the DTRA
Operations Center, a 24/7 WMD and CBRN national reachback and situational awareness facility for all technical support.  During a CBRN response, DTRA liaises with other technical support providers and the intelligence community to meet support requests.

## 3.  Command Relationships

The JFC coordinates the response to a CBRN incident in the assigned JOA.  The JFC
requests additional support through the appropriate GCC.  For large incidents, a JTF as described in Chapter III, "International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response," should be considered for the response.  The GCC coordinates with DOS for support from other USG departments and agencies or foreign countries.  For DOD-led CBRN response operations the JFC is the supported commander.  JFCs should take into consideration that other USG departments and agencies may not be accustomed to working in a supporting capacity to DOD.

## 4.  Joint Force Considerations

In the context of DOD-led CBRN response operations, the appropriate JFC assumes responsibility for the execution of operations within the JOA when a CBRN incident requiring a response occurs.  The GCC approves end states for these operations by phase within the JOA.  One major objective is to conduct DOD-led CBRN response operations without jeopardizing critical military operations and objectives; however, commanders should plan for the diversion of combat forces and possible changes to overall end states and objectives due to the significance of a CBRN incident.

## 5.  Planning Considerations During Military Operations

a.  GCC security cooperation activities (phase 0) support DOD-led CBRN response operations by facilitating interaction with partners to identify partner capabilities, build partner capacity, and increase interoperability.  Planning for DOD-led CBRN response should build on these activities and incorporate the experience gained in working with partner nations in operations.

b.  DOD-led CBRN response operations may be required to facilitate combat operations, and depending on the nature and purpose of the activities, may require coordination with response operations of domestic civilian authorities, multiple countries, partners, and a wide variety of international organizations and other NGOs.  JFCs should be aware of the following planning considerations:

(1)  Integration of US military forces, USG departments and agencies, civilian
authorities, and contractors.
(2)  Integration of partner nation support and forces.
(3)  Support and integration of NGOs. (4)  Development of a strategic communication plan.
c.  Coordination between DOD and other USG departments and agencies, NGOs, and international organizations will also be important aspects of any DOD-led CBRN response
operation.  Regardless of the status of an impacted nation government or partner nations, international organizations, and NGOs will have significant equities in the operation;
therefore, JFCs should anticipate considerable interagency and intergovernmental coordination requirements.

(1)  Operations will likely be subject to monitoring by various government agencies or international organizations; therefore, planners should anticipate receiving specific US national level guidance.  As DOD-led CBRN response operations may involve significant interactions with civilian authorities and international organizations that do not normally operate in a supporting role to DOD, the JFC should strongly consider forming a CMOC or supplementing an existing CMOC with appropriate ICBRN-R expertise.  In addition to international organization participation, the CMOC often involves multinational partners that possess unique capabilities. For further guidance on CMOCs, refer to JP 3-57, Civil-Military Operations.  Additional guidance on multinational operations is found in JP 3-16, Multinational Operations.

(2)  As with USG departments and agencies, NGOs and international organizations may have significant equities and capabilities: planning for their participation in a hostile or uncertain environment is challenging.  Some of these agencies may demand to participate regardless of the risk, and others may not be willing to participate until a permissive environment exists.

d.  DOD-led CBRN response operations can occur at any point in a campaign; therefore, these operations should be considered as a branch to contingency operations.  DOD-led CBRN response-related activities are conducted in the following phases, which differ from traditional operational phases as found in JP 3-0, *Joint Operations:*
(1)  **Phase 0 (Shape).**  This is a continuous phase.  The intent of this phase is to ensure DOD is organized, trained, equipped, and prepared to minimize the effects of CBRN incidents on foreign soil.  Key tasks of this phase include planning response capabilities within the joint force, identifying possible partner nation ICBRN-R capabilities, incorporating DOD-led CBRN response scenarios into training and exercises, and developing intelligence on friendly, neutral, and enemy CBRN threats in the operational area.

(2)  **Phase I, Deter (Situation Assessment and Preparation).**  Transition to phase I occurs upon receipt of a warning of a CBRN incident or upon notification that an incident has occurred.  Phase I includes those actions required to conduct a timely and accurate assessment of the CBRN situation, preparation for deployment, and deployment of selected advance elements.  Phase I ends when the nature and scope of the CBRN situation and initial response requirements are defined.  The response spectrum may include technical expertise, specialized teams, or entire units.  Military forces will also be needed to carry out non- CBRN tasks (medical, transportation, security, etc.).  Any limited initial response to a CBRN incident conducted by DOD commanders operating under immediate response authority would likely occur during phase I.  Plans should also include FHA considerations for those affected by the CBRN incident or its cause.

(3)  **Phase II, Seize the Initiative (Deployment).**  Phase II begins with the deployment of designated forces and the establishment of formal command relationships between supported and supporting commanders.  Depending on the nature and scope of the hazard, forces may continue to flow for some time (days, weeks, or even months).
Commanders begin planning immediately for redeployment and transition to civilian agencies, including USG, other national governments, donors, and NGOs, and should identify the necessary or minimum conditions needed to effect the transition.  Phase II ends when the first capability arrives and is operational.

(4)  **Phase III, Dominate (Minimize Hazard Effects).**  Phase III begins with the initialization of efforts to minimize hazard effects.  These efforts may include lifesaving operations, personnel and equipment decontamination, actions to stop or reduce the source of contamination, and actions to support associated FHA efforts as a result of the CBRN
incident.  Remediation (return to a pre-contaminated state) is usually not possible by DOD forces.  Rather, the control of the hazard site and reduction of the threat to forces and any nearby civilians is the goal.  When (due to operations) transition is not possible, the area will be marked to protect forces and any civilians in the area.  Phase III ends when the on-scene commander determines that the incident site is under positive control.

(5)  **Phase IV, Stabilize (Transition to Close the Incident Site).**  Phase IV begins initiation of the redeployment plan.  The situation contained, the effort is now made to reduce the personnel needed to continue mitigation efforts.  When possible, HN, NGO, or USG personnel may replace functions performed by DOD personnel.  Otherwise, efforts will be made to mark the area to reduce any residual threat to personnel or civilians in the area.
Phase IV ends when the mitigation of the incident is at such a point where it is determined that no or minimal personnel are needed to maintain security of the site.

(6)  **Phase V, Enable Civilian Authorities (Redeployment).**  Phase V begins with the redeployment of the bulk of US military forces involved in civilian-led-CBRN response operations or the formal transition of those forces to a purely FHA mission.  Phase V is complete when all forces have returned to their previous military posture or completed transition to other missions.

## 6.  General Planning Considerations A.  **Overall Planning Considerations**

(1)  Many shaping activities take place to support DOD efforts to lead CBRN
response.  These activities include joint, interagency, bilateral, and multinational CBRN
response exercises and training; efforts to build partner CBRN response capacity; and consultation with partner nations and civil authorities.

(2)  US law, international law, policies, treaties, and agreements to which the US is a signatory identify certain rights and obligations that may affect DOD-led CBRN response operations.  These legal requirements may pose constraints and restraints and shape the planning and execution of operations.  The complexity of US laws, international laws, US policies, treaties, and agreements requires the involvement of the SJA or appropriate legal advisor with planning and execution.  This will also include consultation with civil authorities, other USG departments and agencies, multinational partners, impacted nation governments (if applicable), and international organizations to establish the legal authorities, capabilities, and limitations associated with their organizations.

## B.  **Additional Planning Guidance**

(1)  **Flexibility.  Geographic CCMD** and JTF commanders should be given maximum flexibility to both render assistance and continue to execute their command's primary mission.  Assistance that allows mission flexibility during conduct of DOD-led CBRN response includes:
(2)  **Hostile or Uncertain Environment Factors.**  Due to the nature of the environment in which DOD-led CBRN response operations occur, the following specific details need to be covered during JFC planning:
(a)  Additional force protection is provided for elements in direct support of the DOD-led CBRN response operation.

(b)  Medical evacuation resources are available for both the CBRN response force and for possible civilian CBRN casualties.

(c)  Communications are adequate for CBRN response operations during simultaneous combat operations and have as little priority competition as possible.

(d)  Intelligence and counterintelligence capabilities are focused on the CBRN
incident to reduce its impact or eliminate future incidents.

(e)  PA, civil-military operations, and military information support operations that reduce the civilian population panic, support the early return of civilian authority to the management of the CBRN-related incident, and facilitate the release of US and partner nation forces to the conduct of the primary combat operation.

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## Appendix A Key Legal, Strategy, And Policy Documents And International Protocols 1.  Legal, National Strategy, And National Policy Guidance

a.  **Key Executive and Legislative Guidance.**  The following documents are key references when addressing the DSCA mission area, to include CBRN response.

(1)  **The White House Notice,** Continuation of Emergency with Respect to Weapons of Mass Destruction.  Reissued every year since 1994, the notice concerns EO 12938, *Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction,* and as amended, that a national emergency exists because of the worldwide threat posed by the proliferation and potential use of WMD.

(2)  **PPD-1,** *Organization of the National Security Council System,* establishes the process and structure for the national security council system.

(3)  **HSPD-1,** Organization and Operation of the Homeland Security Council, established the Homeland Security Council to ensure coordination of all HS-related activities among the executive departments and agencies and promote the effective development and implementation of all HS policies.

(4)  **HSPD-3,** *The Homeland Security Advisory System,* provides the guidelines for a comprehensive and effective means to disseminate information regarding the risk of terrorist acts to federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial authorities and the American people. In 2011, DHS replaced the color-coded alerts of the HS Advisory System with the National Terrorism Advisory System, designed to more effectively communicate information about terrorist threats by providing timely, detailed information to the American public.  This document establishes the five threat conditions and their respective protective measures.

(5)  **DOD Strategy for CWMD** states that DOD seeks to ensure that the US and its allies and partners are neither attacked nor coerced by actors with WMD.  It outlines three end states: no-new WMD possession, no-WMD use, and minimization of WMD effects.  The strategy also establishes countering WMD priority objectives for the DOD, defines an approach for achieving them, and identifies essential activities and tasks.
(6)  **HSPD-5,** *Management of Domestic Incidents,* assigns the Secretary of the DHS
as the PFO for domestic incident management to coordinate the USG's resources utilized in response to, or recovery from terrorist attacks, major disasters, or other emergencies. Additionally, HSPD-5 established the NIMS to provide a consistent nationwide approach for federal, state, and local governments to work effectively and efficiently together to prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents.

(7)  **PPD-8,** *National Preparedness,* is aimed at strengthening the security and resilience of the US through systematic preparation for the threats that pose the greatest risk to the security of the nation, including acts of terrorism, cyberspace attacks, pandemics, and catastrophic natural disasters.

(8)  Federal Strategic Guidance Statement for Chemical Attacks in the United States.  The strategic guidance statement, issued pursuant to HSPD-8, Annex 1 (National Preparedness), guides USG efforts in addressing chemical attacks based on the applicable National Planning Scenarios along with threats of attacks using other possible chemical weapons.

(9)  **HSPD-9,** *Defense of United States Agriculture and Food,* establishes a national policy to defend the agriculture and food system against terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies.

(10)  **HSPD-10,** *Biodefense for the 21st Century,* outlines the essential pillars of our biodefense program and provides specific directives to further strengthen the significant gains put in place during the past three years.  These pillars include threat awareness, prevention and protection, surveillance and detection, and response and recovery, which include response planning, mass casualty care, risk communication, medical countermeasures, and decontamination.

(11)  **HSPD-14,** *Domestic Nuclear Detection,* seeks to protect against the unauthorized importation, possession, storage, transportation, development, or use of a nuclear explosive device, fissile material, or radiological material in the US, and to protect against attack using such devices or materials against the people, territory, or interests of the US.

(12)  **HSPD-15,** US Strategy and Policy on the War on Terror[ism] *(U),* discusses the coordination of all instruments of national power to meet six US goals for the war on terrorism:  deny terrorists resources, enable partner nations to counter terrorism, combat WMD, defeat terrorists and their organizations, counter support for terrorism in coordination with partner nations, and establish conditions that counter ideological support for terrorism.

(13)  **HSPD-18,** *Medical Countermeasures Against Weapons of Mass Destruction,*
describes the principles from which national guidance is derived for addressing the challenges presented by the diverse CBRN threat spectrum, optimizing the investments necessary for medical countermeasures development, and ensuring that USG activities significantly enhance domestic and international response and recovery capabilities.
Mitigating illness and preventing death from CBRN threats are the principal goals of the USG medical countermeasure efforts.

(14)  **PPD-17,** *Countering Improvised Explosive Devices,* establishes and implements measures to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate attacks using IEDs and their consequences at home and abroad.

(15)  **HSPD-20,** *National Continuity Policy,* establishes a comprehensive national policy on the continuity of USG structures and operations and a single national continuity coordinator responsible for coordinating the development and implementation of federal continuity policies.  The policy establishes "national essential functions," prescribes continuity requirements for all executive departments and agencies, and provides guidance for state, local, territorial, and tribal governments and private sector organizations in order to ensure a comprehensive and integrated national continuity program that will enhance the credibility of the USG national security posture and enable a more rapid and effective response to and recovery from a national emergency.

(16)  **HSPD-21,** *Public Health and Medical Preparedness,* establishes a national strategy for public health and a medical preparedness strategy which builds upon principles set forth in HSPD-10, *Biodefense for the 21st Century.*  The directive sets forth policy enabling the provision of public health and medical needs of the American people in the case of a catastrophic health incident through continual and timely flow of information and rapid public health and medical response that marshals all available nation capabilities and capacities in a rapid and coordinated manner.

(17)  **HSPD-22,** *Domestic Chemical Defense (U),* establishes a national policy and directs actions to strengthen the ability of the US to prevent, protect from, and respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks employing toxic chemicals and other chemical incidents.

(18)  **The NSS and the National Military Strategy (NMS).**  The NSS establishes broad strategic guidance for advancing US interests in the global environment through the instruments of national power.  The NMS describes how the USG will employ military forces to protect and advance US interests.
(19)  **The National Strategy for HS.**  Prepared for the President by the Office of Homeland Security, this document lays out the strategic objectives, organization, and critical areas for HS.  The strategy identifies critical areas that focus on preventing terrorist attacks, reducing the nation's vulnerabilities, minimizing the damage and recovering from said attacks.

(20)  **National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats.**  Issued by the National Security Council, this strategy guides efforts to prevent acts of bioterrorism or other significant outbreaks of infectious disease by reducing the risk of misuse of the life sciences or derivative materials, techniques, or expertise that will result in the use or intent to use biological agents to cause harm.  It also complements existing policies, plans, and preparations to advance the USG's ability to respond to public health crises of natural, accidental, or deliberate origin.

(21)  **National Strategy for Combating Terrorism.**  Expands on the National Strategy for HS and the NSS by expounding on the need to destroy terrorist organizations, win the war of ideas, and strengthen America's security at home and abroad.  While the national strategy focuses on preventing terrorist attacks within the US, this strategy is more proactive and focuses on identifying and defusing threats before they reach our borders.  The direct and continuous action against terrorist groups can disrupt, degrade, and destroy their capability to attack the US.

(22)  **National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza.**  Issued by the Homeland Security Council, this strategy presents the USG approach to address the threat of PI.  It outlines how the nation prepares, detects, and responds to a pandemic by documenting the responsibilities of federal, state, and local governments; private industry; international partners; and American citizens.

(23)  **Strategy for HD and DSCA.**  This strategy establishes strategic guidance for securing the US from direct attack by using an active, layered defense construct.  Expands on the DSG by establishing a lead, support, and enable construct in organizing DOD objectives.
Provides specific objectives to support managing the consequences of CBRN and bulk HE use resulting in mass casualties.

(24)  **FAA of 1961.**  Establishes DOS as the LFA for USG assistance to a foreign country during a disaster and describes the procedures for conducting that relief as well as the congressionally authorized funding.

(25)  Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 [as amended]).  This act enhances domestic security against terrorism.  It eases some of the restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering within the US and affords the US intelligence community greater access to information discovered during a criminal investigation.

(26)  The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act,
(Title 42, USC, Sections 51215207).  The Stafford Act provides for assistance by the USG
to the states in the event of natural and other disasters and emergencies.  It is the primary legal authority for federal participation in domestic DR.  Under the Stafford Act, the President may direct federal agencies, including DOD, to support DR.  DOD may be directed to provide assistance in one of three different scenarios:  a Presidential declaration of a major disaster, a Presidential order to perform emergency work for the preservation of life and property, or a Presidential declaration of emergency.

(27)  **The Economy Act of 1932 (Title 31, USC, Section 1535).**  The Economy Act authorizes federal agencies to provide goods or services on a reimbursable basis to other federal agencies, when more specific statutory authority to do so does not exist.

(28)  **PCA (Title 18, USC, Section 1385).**  This statute limits the use of federal military personnel to perform civilian law enforcement activities.  The PCA generally prohibits the use of US Army and US Air Force active duty (Title 10, USC) personnel for civilian law enforcement activities, except as authorized by the US Constitution or by statute. Additionally, DOD policy extends the prohibitions of the PCA to US Navy and US Marine Corps active duty (Title 10, USC) personnel.  DODI 3025.21, Defense Support of Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies, details express statutory exceptions to the PCA, such as the Insurrection Act and emergency assistance involving WMD, which, upon appropriate notifications and approval, allow for the otherwise prohibited use of federal military personnel to support civilian law enforcement activities during civilian led-CBRN response operations.

(29)  **Title 10, USC (Armed Forces).**  Title 10, USC, provides guidance on the Armed Forces.  Guidance is divided into five subtitles.  One covers general military law and one each for the US Army, US Navy, US Marine Corps, the US Air Force, and the RC.
Chapter 18 (Sections 371382) of Title 10, USC, is entitled and governs Military Support for Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies.  Title 10, USC, Section 375, directs SecDef to promulgate regulations that prohibit "direct participation by a member of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps in a search, seizure, arrest, or other similar activity unless participation in such activity by such member is otherwise authorized by law."
(30)  Title 14, USC **(Coast Guard).**  Sections 1, 2, 19, 88, 89, 99, 141, and 143, define the statutory authority of the USCG during HS missions.

(31)  **Title 32, USC (National Guard).**  Specifically, Title 32, USC, authorizes the use of US federal funds to train NG members, while they remain under the C2 of their respective state governors.  In certain limited instances, specific statutory or Presidential authority allows for NG forces to perform DOD operational missions funded by the USG
under Title 32, USC, authority, while they remain under the C2 of the governor.  Examples of those exceptions include the employment of WMD-CSTs, HD activities, and the President of the United States-directed airport security mission.

(32)  Memorandum of Understanding Between the Intelligence Community, Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, and the DHS Concerning Information Sharing, 4
March 2003.  This agreement provides a framework and guidance to govern information sharing, use, and handling among the following individuals and their agencies: Secretary of Homeland Security, Director of National Intelligence, the Attorney General, and any other organization having federal law enforcement responsibilities (other than those that are part of the DHS).  The agreement mandates minimum requirements for information sharing, use, and handling and for coordination and deconfliction of analytic judgments.

(33)  Memorandum of Agreement Between the Department of Defense and Department of Homeland Security on the Use of US Coast Guard Capabilities and Resources in Support of the National Military Strategy, 23 May 2008.  This agreement provides for the identification of certain national defense capabilities of the USCG and improves the process by which the USCG serves as a force provider for DOD missions.

(34)  **NRF.**  The NRF focuses on response and short-term recovery, and articulates doctrine, principles, and architectures by which the US prepares for and responds to allhazard disasters across all levels of government.  The NRF and supporting annexes are available at www.fema.gov/nrf.

(35)  Inter-Departmental Memorandum of Understanding for Foreign Consequence Management Preparedness and Response.  The purpose of this MOU is to synchronize and integrate USG foreign consequence management (now ICBRN-R) efforts.
The MOU details the USG's goals and objectives relating to foreign consequence management (now ICBRN-R) and provides policy relating to roles and responsibilities of departments and agencies to prepare for and respond to a CBRN incident on foreign soil.

(36)  **National Strategy for Biosurveillance.**  This strategy articulates an overarching goal supported by core functions.  Through a deliberate emphasis on the identified core functions and enabling focus areas, the aim is to enhance the Nation's ability to detect, track, investigate, and navigate incidents affecting human, animal, and plant health, thereby better protecting the safety, well-being, and security of the American people.

b.  **Key DOD Guidance.**  The following discussion identifies a number of key documents to make commanders and planners more aware of material that may assist in the planning and execution of the CBRN mission areas.

(1)  **UCP.**  The UCP provides basic guidance to all unified CCDRs, establishes their missions and responsibilities, delineates the general geographical AORs for GCCs, and specifies functional responsibilities for functional CCDRs.

(2)  **DSG.**  DSG establishes and directs how to accomplish broad strategic objectives.  Provides HD implementation guidelines.

(3)  **DOD Strategy for CWMD.**  The pursuit of WMD and potential use by actors of concern pose a threat to US national security and peace and stability around the world.
The 2014 DOD Strategy for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction represents the DOD's response to this global WMD threat.  It specifies desired end states, prescribes priority objectives, delineates a strategic approach for achieving those objectives, and outlines the CWMD activities and tasks necessary for success.
(4)  **National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism.**  This plan constitutes the comprehensive military plan to prosecute the global war on terrorism for the Armed Forces of the United States.  It is the plan that guides the contributions of the CCMDs the Military Departments, combat support agencies, and field support activities of the US to protect and defend the homeland, attack terrorists and their capacity to operate effectively at home and abroad, and support mainstream efforts to reject violent extremism.

(5)  **DODI 2000.12,** *DOD Antiterrorism (AT) Program.*  This instruction updates policies and assigns responsibilities for implementing the procedures for the DOD AT
program.  It establishes CJCS as the principal advisor and focal point responsible to SecDef for DOD AT issues.  It also defines the AT responsibilities of the Military Departments, commanders of CCMDs, DOD agencies, and DOD field activities.  Its guidelines are applicable for the physical security of all DOD activities both overseas and in the homeland.

(6)  **DODI 3025.20,** *Defense Support of Special Events.*  This instruction provides definitions for a special event and support and outlines policy guidelines and responsibilities for DOD support of special events.  It allows for the DOD component to designate a special events coordinator who is charged with providing timely information and technical support to the ASD (HD&GS).

(7)  **DODD 2060.02,** Department of Defense (DOD) Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Policy.  This directive recognizes the need for the Services to be prepared to support CWMD operations and directs Services to organize, train, and equip their forces to support them.

 (8)  **DODD 3025.18,** *Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA).*  This directive provides guidance for the execution and oversight of DSCA when requested by civil authorities approved by the appropriate DOD official or as directed by the President.  It authorizes immediate response authority for providing DSCA when requested and authorizes emergency authority for the use of military force under dire situations.

(9)  **DODI 3025.21,** *Defense Support of Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies.*  This instruction provides guidance on DSCA activities for civil disturbances and civil disturbance operations, including response to terrorist incidents, and covers the policy and procedures whereby the President is authorized by the Constitution and laws of the US to employ the Armed Forces to suppress insurrections, rebellions, and domestic violence under various conditions and circumstances.  Planning and preparedness by the USG and the DOD for civil disturbances are important due to the potential severity of the consequences of such incidents for the nation and the population.
(10)  **DODD 3150.08,** *DOD Response to Nuclear and Radiological Incidents.*  This directive promulgates policy and assigns responsibilities for DOD CBRN response to US nuclear weapon incidents and other nuclear or radiological incidents involving materials in DOD custody IAW the guidance in NSPD-28, US Nuclear Weapons Command and Control, Safety, and Security; the NRF; and the NIMS.

(11)  **DODD 5100.46,** *Foreign Disaster Relief (FDR),* details DOD policy for conducting DR operations which covers the scenarios of foreign consequence management (now ICBRN-R) and DOD-led CBRN response on foreign soil.

(12)  **DODD 5200.27,** Acquisition of Information Concerning Persons and Organizations not Affiliated with the Department of Defense.  This directive establishes the Defense Investigative Program general policy, limitations, procedures, and operational guidance pertaining to the collecting, processing, storing, and disseminating of information concerning persons and organizations not affiliated with DOD.

(13)  **DODD 5240.01,** *DOD Intelligence Activities.*  This directive is the primary authority used as guidance by DOD intelligence personnel and those performing an intelligence or counterintelligence function to collect, process, retain, or disseminate information concerning US persons.

(14)  **DOD 5240.1-R,** Procedures Governing the Activities of DOD Intelligence Components That Affect United States Persons.  This regulation sets forth procedures governing the activities of DOD intelligence components that affect US persons, to include the collection, retention, processing, and dissemination of US persons' information.

 (15)  **Department of Defense Manual (DODM) 3150.08-M,** Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures (NARP).  This manual is issued under the authority of DODD
3150.08, *DOD Response to Nuclear and Radiological Incidents.*  It provides a concept of operations as well as functional information necessary to execute a comprehensive and unified response to a nuclear weapon accident.  It provides information for planners and response elements to understand the overall response concept and roles of DOD and the Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration.

(16)  **DODI 3020.52,** DOD Installation Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and High-Yield Explosive (CBRNE) Preparedness Standards.  This instruction implements policy, assigns responsibilities, and prescribes procedures to establish and implement a program for a worldwide DOD installation hazard response to manage the consequences of a CBRN and bulk HE incident.  It provides guidance for the establishment of a CBRN and bulk HE preparedness program for emergency responders at all DOD
installations.  It also prescribes that DOD installation emergency responders must be prepared to respond to the effects of a CBRN or bulk HE incident to preserve life, prevent human suffering, minimize the effects of incident hazards, and protect critical assets and infrastructure.

(17)  **DODI 2000.21,** DOD Support to International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Incidents.  This instruction establishes policy and assigns responsibilities for DOD support to the United States Government response to international CBRN incidents.

(18)  **DODI 3001.02,** Personnel Accountability in Conjunction with Natural or Manmade Disasters.  This instruction establishes policy and assigns responsibilities for accounting and reporting of specified DOD-affiliated personnel, within CONUS and outside CONUS, following a natural or man-made disaster.

(19)  **DODI 6055.17,** *DOD Installation Emergency Management (IEM) Program.*
This instruction is a reference for response of a DOD installation to a CBRN incident.

(a)  Establishes policy, assigns responsibilities, and prescribes procedures for developing, implementing, and sustaining installation emergency management (IEM) programs at DOD installations worldwide for "all hazards" as defined in the glossary. Establishes the goals of the DOD IEM Program as follows:

1.  Prepare DOD installations for emergencies.
2.  Respond appropriately to protect personnel and save lives. 3.  Recover and restore operations after an emergency.
(b)  Aligns DOD emergency management activities with NIMS, the National Preparedness Guidelines, and the NRF.

(c)  Establishes the DOD Emergency Management Steering Group.

(20)  **DODI 6200.03,** Public Health Emergency Management within the Department of Defense.  Establishes DOD guidance IAW applicable law and ensures mission assurance and readiness by protecting installations, facilities, personnel, and other assets in managing the impact of public health emergencies caused by all-hazards incidents.

(21)  **CJCSI 3121.01,** Standing Rules of Engagement/Rules for the Use of Force for US Forces (Classified).  This instruction provides the SRUF to be employed by US forces in a Title 10, USC, status performing DSCA missions.

(22)  **CJCSI 3125.01,** Defense Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Incidents in the Homeland.  This instruction provides operational and policy guidance and instructions for US military forces responding to domestic CBRN and bulk HE incidents.  This instruction applies only to domestic operations.  This instruction is of specific importance to the geographic CCMDs with domestic CBRN and bulk HE responsibilities.  It identifies that domestic support encompasses both deliberate and inadvertent CBRN and bulk HE situations including terrorism, acts of aggression, industrial accidents, and acts of nature.  It recognizes that these operations may be conducted by US military forces under immediate response authority and in support of the designated LFA.

(23)  **CJCSI 3214.01,** Defense Support for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Incidents on Foreign Territory.  This instruction provides guidance for US military forces supporting USG-led foreign consequence management (now ICBRN-R) operations and DOD-led CBRN response operations in response to a CBRN incident.

(24)  **Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF).**  The GEF and the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP) inform DOD how to employ, and in part manage, the force in the near term.  The GEF provides strategic planning guidance and identifies security cooperation focus areas for campaign planningboth foreign language for US forces and English skills for allies.

(25)  **JSCP.**  The JSCP provides guidance to the CCDRs and the Joint Chiefs of Staff to accomplish tasks and missions based on current military capabilities.  It apportions limited forces and resources to CCDRs, based on military capabilities resulting from completed program and budget actions and intelligence assessments.  The JSCP provides a coherent framework for capabilities-based military advice provided to the President and SecDef.

## 2.  Key International Legal Documents A.  **Canada-United States (Canus) Agreements** (1)  **Integrated Line Of Communications (Iloc) Agreements.**  The Canus Iloc Agreements Facilitate Cooperation In Training And Operations And Provides For Reciprocal Logistical Support, Supplies, And/Or Services In Non-Routine Situations.

(2)  **Canada-US Agreement for Enhanced Military Cooperation.**  Under this agreement, both countries work together on contingency plans for defending against and responding to possible threats in Canada and the US including natural disasters and potential terrorist attacks.

(3)  Temporary Cross-Border Movement of Land Forces Between the United States and Canada Agreement.  This agreement provides principles and procedures for temporary cross-border movement of land forces between the two nations.

(4)  **CanadianUnited States Regional Emergency Management Agreements.**
Emergency management officials in Canada and the US have regional mutual assistance agreements to manage emergencies or disasters when the affected jurisdiction(s) requests assistance in response to natural disasters, technological hazards, man-made disasters, and civil emergencies.  These agreements are compliant with the Agreement between the Government of the United States and the Government of Canada on Cooperation in Comprehensive Emergency Planning and Management.  These agreements promote unity of effort with civil authorities in planning and executing military support to civilian authorities.
Three regional agreements implement regional emergency management mutual assistance covering specific states and provinces:

(a)  Pacific Northwest Emergency Management Agreement.
(b)  Prairie Region EMAC.
(c)  International Emergency Management Assistance Memorandum of Understanding.

(5)  **Joint Radiological Emergency Response Plan (JRERP).**  The CANUS
JRERP establishes the basis for cooperative measures to deal effectively with a potential or actual peacetime radiological incident involving Canada, the US, or both countries.  The JRERP will apply whenever a potential or actual radiological incident occurs that can affect both countries or, although affecting one country, is of a magnitude that the affected country may need to request assistance from the other.  The JRERP is designed to:
(a)  Alert the appropriate federal authorities within each country of the existence of a threat from a potential or actual radiological incident.

(b)  Establish a framework of cooperative measures to reduce, to the extent possible, the threat posed to public health and safety, property, and the environment.

(c)  Facilitate coordination between organizations of the federal government of each country in providing support to states and provinces affected by a potential or actual radiological incident.

(6)  **Inland Pollution Contingency Plan,** June 1998.  The US EPA and Environment Canada recognize that there is a high probability that there will be a spill or other release of oil or hazmat along the common border between Canada and the US.  The CANUS Joint Inland Pollution Contingency Plan provides for cooperative measures for dealing with accidental and unauthorized releases of pollutants that cause or may cause damage to the environment along the shared inland boundary and that may constitute a threat to the public health, property, or welfare.  The Inland Plan is made up of five regional annexes or regional plans.

## B.  **Military Agreements**

(1)  **CANUS Civil Assistance Plan.**  The CANUS Civil Assistance Plan provides a framework for the military of one nation to provide support to the military of the other nation in the performance of DSCA operations.

(2)  **Quadripartite Standardization Agreements (QSTAGs).**  The military forces of the US, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have agreed to adopt certain standard operational concepts in various QSTAGs.  The military forces further agreed to consult and wherever possible, reach mutual agreement, before introducing changes to these agreements.

(3)  North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Standardization Agreements
(STANAGs).  STANAGs are promulgated by the Director, NATO Standardization Agency.
No departure may be made from these agreements without informing the tasking authority in the form of a reservation at the time of ratification.  Ratifying nations have agreed that national orders, manuals, and instructions implementing these STANAGs will be developed. The aim of these agreements is to provide guidelines to commanders about operational issues.  Participating nations agree that NATO armed forces will adopt the standards outlined in each agreement.

c.  **SPP.**  The SPP agreement, designed to reduce barriers to trade and facilitate economic growth while improving the security of the continent, was signed on 23 March 2005 by the President of the United States, the Prime Minister of Canada, and the President of Mexico.  DHS and the HS Council are the lead agencies for the agreement's security components, with DOD as a supporting agency.  The SPP Action Plan addresses goals and objectives associated with HS to include "protection, prevention, and response."  This includes a dual-binational (US/Canada and US/Mexico) objective on emergency management cooperation to develop and implement joint plans for cooperation in incident response, as well as conduct joint training and exercises in hazard response.  This includes the development of a plan to build and strengthen mechanisms, protocols, and agreements for communicating and coordinating hazard response for mutual assistance and cooperation in the event of natural and technological/industrial disasters or malicious acts involving CBRN and bulk HE devices and hazards.

## D.  Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, And Procedures

(1)  FM 3-11/MCRP 10-10E.3 [MCWP 3-37.1]/Navy Warfare Publication
(NWP) 3-11/AFTTP 3-2.42, Multi-Service Doctrine for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Operations.  This publication provides tactical-level commanders and staffs with keystone doctrine for operations to prevent, counter, defend, and mitigate the entire range of CBRN threats, hazards, and incidents.

(2)  **ATP 3-11.32/MCWP 10-10E.5 [MCWP 3-37.2]/NTTP 3-11.37,** Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Passive Defense.  DOD personnel responding to a CBRN incident may be responsible for CBRN response and/or crisis planning and may be required to execute plans across the conflict spectrum.  This publication presents principles and tactical-level tactics, techniques, and procedures related to CBRN passive defense utilizing the operations process.  It summarizes existing policy and details responsibilities and procedures for CBRN contamination avoidance, protection, hazard awareness and understanding, contamination mitigation, decontamination, and installation CBRN passive defense.
(3)  ATP 3-11.41/MCRP 10-10E.6 [MCRP 3-37.2C]/NTTP 3-11.24/AFTTP 3-
2.37, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Consequence Management Operations, provides commanders, staffs, key agencies, and military members with a key reference for planning and conducting CBRN consequence management.  It provides the tools for CBRN responders to effectively manage the consequences of a CBRN incident.

## E.  **International Agreements That Affect Us Cbrn Activities With Mexico**

(1)  Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal.  The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal is the most comprehensive global environmental agreement on hazardous and other wastes.  While the US is not a party to the agreement, it is a signatory and conducts activities with many of the convention's 178 parties to help protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects resulting from the generation, management, transboundary movements, and disposal of hazardous and other wastes.

(2)  **Convention on the Transboundary Effect of Industrial Accidents.**  This convention applies to the prevention of, preparedness for, and response to industrial accidents capable of causing transboundary effects, including the effects of such accidents caused by natural disasters, and to international cooperation concerning mutual assistance, research and development, exchange of information, and exchange of technology in the area of prevention of, preparedness for, and response to industrial accidents.

(3)  **International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness** provides emergency response planning for oil pollution incidents.

(4)  The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident **Prevention, Preparedness, and Response.**  A
comprehensive document to help public authorities, industry, and communities worldwide prevent and prepare for accidents involving hazardous substances resulting from technological and natural disasters, as well as sabotage.

(5)  Mexico-US Joint Contingency Plan Preparedness for and Response to Emergencies and Contingencies Associated with Chemical Hazardous Substances in the Inland Border.  Also referred to as the Inland Border Plan, its purpose is to protect the health, human safety and the environment, providing joint and coordinated responses to significant chemical hazardous substances contingencies or emergencies that affect the inland border area between Mexico and the US.  It provides a mechanism for cooperation between Mexico and the US to provide response to a chemical hazardous substances contingency or emergency that may resent a significant threat for both participants or that affects one of them in such a way that justifies the notification of the other participant or RFA.


                                                        Intentionally Blank


## Appendix B Planning Considerations For Logistics And Other Services From Domestic Base Support Installations And Foreign Theater Assets 1.  Purpose

a.  The planning considerations contained in this appendix will assist commanders and their staff in conducting mission analysis, preparing to meet logistics and other service support requirements, and coordinating the potential use of a military installation for support of DOD forces during CBRN response operations.  These are considerations and not requirements.  They are not unique to CBRN response, but the difficult nature of responding to the catastrophic no-notice incidents described in this publication make it appropriate that they be contained here.  Managing the consequences of a CBRN incident often means that lifesaving forces deploy and are employed before the JFCs logistics structure is established.

b.  Depending on the physical location of the APOD and/or SPOD, the questions concerning airfield or port suitability may be analyzed separately or in conjunction with base support planning.  Some requirements may be adequately met or even better suited to the operation when obtained from impacted nation or local community capabilities rather than from a US controlled installation.

c.  Serving as a BSI is a uniquely domestic function of DOD Service and defense agency installations because the GCC has limited or no control over resources on installations within the US and its territories.  This is particularly true for CDRUSNORTHCOM who, by special SecDef restriction, does not have the authority to assume OPCON of forces within the US during an emergency.  SecDef establishes the supported/supporting relationship through an EXORD at the time of incident (or anticipation thereof) to task the specific installation to serve as a base for military forces conducting either HD or DSCA operation.  These planning considerations are helpful in selecting a BSI and arranging for necessary support.

d.  CBRN response operations in the foreign- or DOD-led military operational environments will find these planning considerations of value even when the affected country has unique relationships with the US in terms of access and support.

e.  **Planning.**  All GCCs have the responsibility to plan coordinated responses to the possible use of WMD in their AORs.  A GCC's plan(s) for CWMD are developed IAW DOD policies and law.  These guidance documents are listed in Appendix A, "Key Legal, Strategy, and Policy Documents and International Protocols."
(1)  **Plan.**  The JFC plans CBRN response actions to isolate and contain the physical effects, assure security, promote freedom of action, save lives, and provide essential services to continue operations.  One of the most important aspects of planning is anticipating the need to coordinate and integrate joint, multinational, interagency, and HN actions.  Planning should include the transition efforts to civil authority as soon as possible when supporting another agency or department other than DOD.

(2)  **Prepare.**  Preparing and posturing actions set the conditions for successful execution of response operations.  Preparation activities happen both before and after the incident.

(a)  Phase 0 mission analysis is critical to support the JFC's response operation.  Pre-incident activities are designed to collect and analyze militarily significant information on the operational environment such as industrial hazards (friendly, neutral, and enemy) in the operational area and any WMD actors' intent.  Mission analysis includes warnings focused on attack preparation and detection to provide early warning for response asset preparation and facilitating a rapid response to any intentional use of WMD or accidental release of any CBRN material.  Advance situational assessment teams should be developed to facilitate JTF entry through communication with the COMs. Additional preparation tasks may include directing intelligence activities to include provision of warning of any WMD attack on a non-domestic operational areas collaboratively assessing and monitoring the operational situation; developing and exercising C2 structures to integrate components (medical, logistics, engineering, security, communications), as well as any other partners and interagency support; integrating partner capabilities (first responder equipment, training, personal decontamination supplies, health care facilities, etc.) to maximize effectiveness; conducting exercises; providing passive defense capabilities that will allow all the interactive forces to maintain the necessary operational tempo; and identifying specialized individuals, teams, and forces needed to provide CBRN response support.

(b)  Plan for post-incident activities to allow sensor and intelligence assets to begin surveillance of the affected area for the detection, identification, characterization, support to attribution forensics activities, and analysis of the CBRN hazards.  Once the hazard and contaminated hot zones are established, the joint force concentrates upon hazard prediction and attribution analysis.  See Chapter I, "Overview," subparagraph 5c(7)(e),
"Zone Control," for detailed discussion of control zones.  The JFC also focuses upon the prevention of further injury, death, or illness.  Post-incident operations are designed to establish the extent and composition of a CBRN incident.  This effort increases the commander's awareness and his understanding of the incident and its effect on the force.

(3)  **Execute.**  The JFC may provide politico-military support to establish a secure environment that allows for the delivery of assistance and introduction of civilian relief resources.  A secure environment could include protection from the effects of contaminants and other external threats.  Execution also includes supporting efforts to concurrent operations brought about by the CBRN incident.

(4)  **Assess.**  The JFC assesses progress along each response line of operation that may be part of the plan.  The assessment facilitates the transition of response, remediation, and restoration efforts to civil authorities as desired conditions are met.  Collected forensic information assists in establishing attribution for the incident to support appropriate followon action.

## 2.  Checklists

Planning considerations should take into account, at a minimum, the following areas related to the key functions of logistics, service support, and other enabling requirements of the JFC in a CBRN response.  Those items that are solely domestic or foreign are annotated appropriately.

## A.  General

(1)  Is there a concise concept of the purpose of the supporting installation?  Is there a description of the functions that the installation is to support?

(2)  What forces have been identified to support the operation?  Has the deployment flow been analyzed to determine time phasing for induction of logistic elements?

(3)  What are the key assumptions the supporting installation operates under?

(4)  Is the installation a RC base?  If so, what will be required to activate personnel to provide required support (e.g., mobilization and man-days)?  Is funding available for activation?

(5)  Where is the incident response coordination center?  For domestic response, where is the established JFO in the affected area?  For ICBRN-R or DOD-led military operations, where is the impacted nation emergency operation center?

(6)  Where are non-DOD equipment, personnel, and materials arrival and staging areas?  For domestic CBRN incidents, where is the location(s) of the nearest FEMA incident support base(s)?  For ICBRN-R, where are the nearest APOD, SPOD, and JRSOI points?

(7)  How long will the supporting installation be expected to provide support to the JFC?
(8)  Where will the BSI headquarters be established?  (Domestic only) (9)  Where is the support installation location relative to incident or venue?

(10)  Is the installation identified to support other agencies or organizations simultaneously?  What is the current or projected utilization?

(11)  What are the proper coordination procedures to arrange for support? (12)  What CBRN response capabilities are resident in the state and local jurisdictions?  (Domestic only)
(13)  Where are FEMA, state, and local staging areas?  What is their capacity?
(Domestic only)
(14)  What CBRN response capabilities are resident in the impacted nation?  Will the impacted nation offer use of military/civilian facilities?  (Foreign only)
(15)  What mutual support agreements are in place for state/local support?
(Domestic only)
(16)  What mutual support agreements are in place for impacted nation support?
(Foreign only)
(17)  Develop the annex T (Consequence Management), for OPLANs consistent with the Adaptive Planning and Execution format.

## B.  **Airfield/Airspace Suitability**

(1)  Is the APOD contaminated or is the APOD in danger of becoming contaminated (weather, high threat)?  If contaminated, can airlift operations be accomplished without contaminating the aircraft?  Has an exchange zone (EZ) been established to continue operations despite airlift asset contamination?

(2)  Is the APOD capable of handling the flow of forces and material moving in/out and around the operational area?

(3)  Are the personnel and cargo reception and staging capabilities of the airfield capable of handling the deployment flow for onward movement?  (Refer to JP 3-35, Deployment and Redeployment Operations.)
(4)  Is a contingency response element needed to manage air mobility activities? (5)  What is the current condition of the airfield?  What are the runway lengths?
What is the current usage/throughput of the airfield?  What is the working and parking maximum (aircraft) on ground?

(6)  Can the airfield support medical evacuation and utility helicopter operations?

(7)  Is the weight bearing capacity of the airfield sufficient to handle the type of aircraft that will be used for movement?

(8)  What impact does weather have on airfield operations?  Night operations? (9)  Are adequate personnel and equipment assets available to assist in arrival/departure airfield control group operations?

(10)  What materials handling equipment (MHE) and patient movement equipment
(e.g. litters) are available?  Where can additional equipment be acquired (via contract and/or closest military installations)?

(11)  Is support available for mobile aeromedical staging facilities?

(12)  Is sufficient refueling capability/bulk fuel available?  What is the resupply turn-around time?  Has a stand-by bulk fuel vendor been requested?

(13)  Is direct support aircraft maintenance available?

(14)  What are the characteristics and capabilities of the main supply routes (MSRs)
that access the airfield?  Can the MSRs support over/out-sized vehicles?  Have over/outsized vehicles been identified?  Who handles Department of Defense Form 1266 (Request for Special Hauling Permit)?  Forms for hazardous cargo movement?

(15)  Are other nearby military or civilian airfields available? (16)  What is the threat level? (17)  What type of physical security is available at the airport? (18)  Are security personnel available?
(19)  After review of threat, vulnerability, and criticality assessments, what force protection measures are needed?

(20)  Coordinate with the appropriate military legal advisor to ensure that the operative RUF (domestic only) or ROE (foreign only) are properly tailored for the situation.

(21)  Are fire/crash/rescue available? (22)  What type of aircraft does the airfield support? (23)  What types of navigational aids are available? (24)  Can the airfield support aircraft decontamination operations if required?
(25)  Has an airspace control plan been put in place?  Are civil authorities still capable of controlling air traffic in and around APOD airspace?  Are airspace control elements in place to manage air operations for both civil and military air traffic?

## C.  **Supply**

(1)  Does the site have adequate supply support capabilities in place to sustain the forces in the operational area?

(2)  What supply capabilities are available?  Will military augmentation be required?

(3)  What is the process to establish requisition flow?  What type of automated or non-automated requisition system is used?  How will the forces tie into that system?

(4)  What supply support is available for common-user items in relation to the standard categories of supply?  What type of storage, handling, shipping, security, and safety measures and procedures are in place?  Is cold storage available?

(5)  What distribution capability is available?  What MHE is available?  Can it be moved to support multiple locations to include potential forward operating bases (FOBs)?

(6)  Is fuel storage and distribution available to support the rolling stock and potential FOBs?

(7)  What type of local support is available for FOBs or intermediate staging bases?

(8)  Are other DOD assets available (for instance DLA) that can assist the supporting installation?

## D.  **Maintenance Support**

(1)  Does the site have adequate maintenance capabilities in place to sustain the units in the operational area?

(2)  What maintenance capability is available to support primarily automotive, communications, and medical equipment?  Will military augmentation be required?

(3)  What are the procedures for disposal of contaminated fuel, oils, antifreezes, and other hazmat?  Is there an environmental office available?

(4)  Is local support available for repair parts?

## E.  **Transportation**

(1)  Can the site accommodate deployment, sustainment, and redeployment flow and facilitate movement of units in/out and around the operational area?

(2)  What transportation capability is available? (3)  What other transportation capabilities (rail lines or marine ports) are available to support military operations?

(4)  What transportation tracking systems are in place?  What automation is available for in-transit visibility/total asset visibility?

(5)  Are loading ramps available?  If so, what are their capabilities (i.e., weight, width restrictions)?  Are the ramps fixed or portable?

(6)  What are the characteristics and capabilities of the MSRs that access the base?
What are the primary and secondary routes?  What are the dimensions and classifications of bridges/tunnels along the routes?  Are there any restrictions or chokepoints?  What routes are identified for evacuation?  What are the grades of the primary and secondary routes?
(7)  What is the availability of installation transportation motor pool assets (truck, bus, passenger vehicles)?  Are drivers available for these assets?  Are rental vehicles available?

(8)  Does the installation transportation officer (ITO) have contract capability with local vendors (truck, bus, passenger vehicles) to support a surge?

(9)  Are the personnel and cargo reception and staging capabilities of the installation capable of handling the deployment flow for onward movement?  (Refer to JP 3-35, Deployment and Redeployment Operations.)

(10)  Will the ITO be able to support redeployment operations of DOD forces?
(11)  What are the procedures for and availability of ground refueling?
(12)  Who will provide transportation management services to coordinate personnel
and material movements into, within, and out of the JOA?
(13)  Who will provide daily operations briefings?
(14)  Who will provide technical guidance to subordinate units and civilian
agencies?
(15)  Who will coordinate and deconflict transportation movement mission
assignments?
(16)  Who will monitor freight and passenger movement by all modes in the JOA? (17)  Who will coordinate transit clearances for highway movement? (18)  Will there be a joint movement center (JMC) in the JOA? (19)  What tracking systems will the JMC have access to? (20)  Who will monitor flow and velocity in the supply distribution system?
(21)  Will an individual responsible for special assignment airlift mission validation
be located in the JMC?
(22)  Will unit movement officers back brief the ITO on the deployment plan? (23)  Has the unit created load plans for air movement/rail movement/sea
movement?
(24)  Has the unit completed appropriate hazmat declarations?
(25)  Has the unit completed appropriate country clearances?  (Foreign only)

## F.  **Engineering, Environmental, And Public Works**

(1)  What engineering assets are in place and available to support forces in the operational area?

(2)  What are the water planning factors in use on the installation?  Will sufficient water support be available to support the DOD forces?  What procedures are used to ensure the water is potable?

(3)  What are the procedures for trash collection and disposal?
(4)  What are the procedures for hazardous waste collection and disposal?
(5)  What environmental rules and procedures are in place?
(6)  Will the installation be able to handle the additional energy usage requirements or will supplemental generators be required?

(7)  What force protection considerations will require engineer support to implement?

(8)  What electrical power sources are available that may require voltage converters for DOD use?  (Foreign only)

## G.  **Health Services**

(1)  Does the site have adequate health service (medical, preventive medicine, dental, mental health, medical logistics, ground and aeromedical evacuation) support capabilities in place to sustain the forces in the operational area?

(2)  What medical assets are available and what capabilities do they have? (3)  Is there a primary and secondary hospital available?  What number of medical field units, operating rooms, and hospital beds are available?  What type and how many medical specialists are available?

(4)  Are there ground and air ambulances available?  Has an air ambulance helipad been identified?  What are the grid coordinates and physical location?

(5)  Is medical supply available? (6)  Is there a pharmacy available?  What types of medicine are in short supply/not generally available?

(7)  What are the availability and power requirements of mobile drug/blood registration storage units?

(8)  What medical capabilities exist in the local community? (9)  Are patient decontamination capabilities available? (10)  Are expanded medical/billeting facilities identified to support quarantine or isolation operations?

(11)  What are the diseases endemic in the local population and vectors present in the area?

(12)  Is there adequate electrical, water, drainage, and space to accommodate up to an expeditionary medical support +25 (25-bed rapid response medical package)?

(13)  Do medical practitioners require licensing and credentialing to practice on the supporting installation?  (Foreign only)

## H.  **Communications**

(1)  Does the support installation have look angles (latitude, azimuth, elevation, and longitude) to access required satellites?

(2)  What are the building specifics that may affect the communications at the command post?  Considerations:

(a)  Detailed description of proposed site (include drawings and photos).
(b)  Building composition. (c)  Roof composition. (d)  Roof shape. (e)  Roof access. (f)  Window description. (g)  Power. (h)  Phone and data lines. (i)  Location of trees surrounding buildings. (j)  Location of antennas surrounding buildings. (k)  Telephone lines and numbers. (l)  Can a communication room be secured?
(3)  What are the antenna placement factors that may affect the communications at the command post?  Considerations:
(a)  Selected location of tactical radios from antenna location (distance will depend on type and capabilities of available radios).

(b)  Location of radio antennas of other units within area without interfering with each other.

(c)  Recommended radio room set up and location.
(d)  Recommended coax cable runs. (e)  Recommended antenna grounds.
(f)  Placement (use roof as last resort). (g)  Location of power lines which may affect signal strength.
(4)  Power planning considerations:
(a)  Communications room/closet number/location. (b)  Type of power available (110 volts/60 hertz or 220 volts/50 hertz).
(c)  Type of outlets available (two-prong or three-prong).
(d)  Location of circuit breaker boxes. (e)  Access available to breakers. (f)  Circuit breaker numbers. (g)  Backup power. (h)  Type of power (generator, auto switching) and how long it will last.
(i)  Power test plan.
(5)  JFC communication requirement considerations:
(a)  Defense Switch Network or commercial voice (prefix, number, extension).
Commercial will be required if DOD communications are required to support commercial or government civilian agencies.

(b)  Commercial Internet, NIPRNET, or SIPRNET requirements.  (Commercial will be required if DOD communications are required to support commercial or government civilian agencies).

(c)  Tactical single channel radios (primarily used for DOD-to-DOD
communications).

(d)  Radio bridging capability; used to bridge disparate communication capabilities such as single channel tactical radios into commercial cell phones, etc.

(e)  Satellite phone requirements.
(f)  Communications on-the-move (enables communications while en route to the incident area or other locations).

## I.  Pa

(1)  What type of PA assistance is available in the incident area or, if using a military facility, what military support is available?  What PA personnel are already there?

(2)  Is there an appropriate non-classified facility for use by PA as well as members of the media?  Is it separate from the main JOC area?

(3)  Is there a facility large enough to host a news conference that could include hundreds of media representatives?

(4)  Does this facility offer Internet and cable/satellite television access?  Does it have the capacity for multiple Internet connections so that all PA staff and supporting personnel have access?  Is there enough capacity to allow media to use workstations if necessary?
(5)  Does the facility have adequate electrical plugs and wiring to support PA
equipment?

(6)  What kinds of major media outlets (television, radio, print) are in the area?

## J.  **Other Services**

(1)  Is there a contracting office on the installation?  What local contracting procedures are in place?  What existing contracts are in place to support the major items previously listed?  Is the support adequate?  Does the contracting office need augmentation from its higher HQ?

(2)  Is financial management support available?  Who is tracking costs associated with contracting and installation support?

(3)  Is there adequate infrastructure to support billeting and food service?  If not, what contract lodging and food service options are available?  How many can be handled per day at the current capacity?

(4)  Is there an adequate location to locate a JOC?

(5)  Are hardstand facilities available to support several large command operations centers?

(6)  What is the availability of laundry, shower, and latrine facilities?  Will the installation provide portable facilities as required?

(7)  Are exchange facilities available? (8)  Is there adequate infrastructure in place to support C2 communications requirements?

(9)  Are there adequate force protection and security procedures in place?  Will this require military augmentation?

(10)  What are the procedures for receiving mail?
(11)  What type of RS is available?
(12)  Are adequate security forces and trained security augmentation forces available to:

(a)  Secure the site and mark areas around the site clearly?
(b)  Provide convoy security on to the installation or from one area of the installation to another for containment of the crisis?  If convoys are required to travel outside of the installation, are there additional security requirements to protect from looting, vandalism, etc.?

(c)  Implement force protection tasks as assigned? (d)  Provide weapons and ammunition storage facilities?
(13)  Is there a CBRN response capability resident on the installation?
(14)  Is there a firefighting capability resident on the installation? (15)  What intelligence support/infrastructure is available? (16)  Is there an emergency 911 system in place?  (Domestic only)
(17)  Can the support installation coordinate off-installation law enforcement support/escort?



## Appendix C Department Of Defense Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response Enterprise 1.  General

a.  The CBRN Response Enterprise is a national multi-component military organization designed to save lives and minimize human suffering in the aftermath of a CBRN event.  It is geographically dispersed, incorporating NG capabilities in every state, to enable the most rapid state-directed initial response.  The CBRN Response Enterprise, composed of organizations ranging from platoon size through two-star commands, responds in a building approach from state to regional to federal response based on the size of the CBRN incident.
The response is orchestrated through a combination of state authorities, multi-state agreements, and federal authorities.  Response times vary, dependent on the mission and scale of the force, from the state WMD-CSTs advance elements' 1.5 hours to 96 hours for some federal elements.  CBRN Response Enterprise capabilities include highly technical skills necessary to operate in a contaminated environment, SAR, medical, transportation, and logistical functions and the command elements necessary to direct response in support of an IC.  The CBRN Response Enterprise functions everyday through WMD-CST responses to local events, such as a chemical industrial accident, but stands ready to respond to multiple large CBRN incidents or a catastrophic incident that could cause mass casualties on a national scale.  Figure C-1 identifies these units.

b.  As shown in Figure C-1, the NG forces under state C2 consist of the WMD-CSTs, CERFPs, and HRFs.  The federal military forces consist of the DCRF, and C2CRE A & B. The DCRF, C2CRE A, and C2CRE B are allocated to USNORTHCOM in the Global Force Management Allocation Plan JTF-CS is the division level C2 element of the DCRF.  JTF-CS conducts training and readiness oversight (TRO) authorities for allocated units of the DCRF.
CDRUSNORTHCOM exercises OPCON of allocated federal CBRN Response Enterprise forces upon arrival in the affected area for CBRN response operations and relinquishes OPCON back to the force providers upon the forces' departure from the affected area.

c.  DOD CBRN Response Enterprise Mission.  When directed (by SecDef for federal military forces and by the governor[s] concerned for NG forces under state C2), the DOD CBRN Response Enterprise conducts CBRN response operations within the US and its territories to support civil authorities in response to CBRN incidents in order to save lives and minimize human suffering.

## Department Of Defense Chemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Response Enterprise


Designed to address . . . one catastrophic or three near simultaneous significant CBRN incidents

Provides integrated State and Federal multi-component response

Focused on the provision of key life-saving capabilities: search and rescue, decontamination,
medical care and MEDEVAC

Integrated through significant phase 0 training/coordination and managed by OSD and JS co-led

chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear,
C2
command and control
C2CRE
command and control chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear response element
CASEVAC casualty evacuation CBRN
chemical, biological, radiological, and
nuclear
CERFP

and high-yield explosives enhanced response force package
CRPL
CBRN Response Posture Level
DCRF
defense chemical, biological, radiological,
and nuclear response force
| FP 1                                      | force package 1                    |
|-------------------------------------------|------------------------------------|
| FP 2                                      | force package 2                    |
| HRF                                       | homeland response force            |
| JS                                        | Joint Staff                        |
| MEDEVAC medical evacuation                |                                    |
| N+                                        | notification +                     |
| NLT                                       | not later than                     |
| OSD                                       | Office of the Secretary of Defense |
| RFF                                       | request for forces                 |
| WMD-CST weapons of mass destructioncivil |                                    |
| support team                              |                                    |

## 2.  Response Forces

a.  **NG WMD-CSTs.**  WMD-CSTs respond to a CBRN incident by providing a rapid response capability in the event of an intentional or unintentional release of CBRN threats and hazards.  These high priority and rapid response units are comprised of 22 full-time Army and Air Force NG and Army Reserve personnel.  These units were established by Congress and are certified by SecDef after they meet DOD certification guidelines.  By statute, each WMD-CST operates under the C2 of the governor, in Title 32, USC, duty status, and can be employed as a state asset.  TAG will direct employment of the WMD-CST
to support either a state's response or to provide support to another state's response, if requested.  Further, under Presidential mobilization, WMD-CSTs can be employed as part of the Title 10, USC, and CBRN response package.  Per direction of OSD, the NGB has established a national level response plan which provides a designated number of WMD-
CSTs for a rapid response to WMD incidents and national disasters.  On site, a WMD-CST is prepared to conduct continuous operations for 72 hours using organic assets.

(1)  The WMD-CST mission is to support civil authorities at a domestic incident site by identifying CBRN hazards/substances, assessing current or projected consequences, advising on response measures, and assisting with appropriate requests for state support to facilitate additional resources.  This includes the intentional or unintentional release of CBRN and natural or man-made disasters in the US that result, or could result, in the catastrophic loss of life or property.

(2)  WMD-CSTs in CONUS and Alaska are assigned to USNORTHCOM for TRO
which is provided by the GCC component, USARNORTH.  For WMD-CSTs in Hawaii and Guam, USPACOM has TRO, which is executed by US Army Pacific.

b.  **NG CERFPs.**  The CERFP mission is to alert, assemble, and deploy within 6-12
hours of notification in response to a CBRN incident to save lives, minimize human suffering, and prepare for follow-on forces in support of civil authorities.  The CERFP provides a C2 capability to assist local authorities with search and extraction, decontamination, medical services, on-site communications, and fatality search and recovery.
There are 17 stand-alone CERFPs and 10 HRFs (with CERFP capability) to enhance lifesaving capability.  They can be used as a state and federal CBRN capability.  They are a state and federal NG capability.  Personnel who augment the CERFPs are not in a Title 32, USC, "operational status," which means they cannot assemble and deploy until the governor orders the unit members into state active duty.  Units and personnel assigned to each of the CERFPs remain under the control of the governor of the state in which they reside.  Governors exercise their executive authority through TAGs.  Out-of-state CERFP support is requested from the state EOC IAW interstate agreements or EMACs.  The NG JFHQ-State JOC may enter the governor's request into the Joint Information Exchange Environment (JIEE) for coordination with the several states and NGB.  Requests are coordinated with other states and NGB based on a supporting/supported relationship and operational or TACON provided by the gaining supported state IAW established MOAs or other agreements.  In some circumstances, the President may federalize NG assets, to include HRFs, CERFPs, and WMD-CSTs.
c.  **NG HRFs.**  The HRF mission is, on order, to alert, assemble, and deploy within 6-12
hours of notification in response to a CBRN incident to save lives, minimize human suffering, and prepare for follow-on forces in support of civil authorities.  Capabilities include search and extraction, casualty decontamination, emergency medical triage and treatment, security element, and C2.  There are 10 HRFs, one existing within each FEMA region, consisting of 583 personnel in each HRF with 25 percent full-time manning in each, for a total of 5,780 personnel.  The HRFs will be sourced from the existing ARNG and ANG
force.  NG units that are selected as part of the HRF remain under the direction and control of the governor of the state in which they reside.  Governors exercise their command, operational authority, or TACON of military forces through TAGs.  Requests for out-of-state HRF support are requested from the state IAW interstate agreements or EMAC (via a Requisition A) of which all states are signatories.  The NG JFHQ-State JOC may enter the governor's request into the JIEE for coordination with other states and NGB.  Requests are coordinated with other states and NGB based on a supporting/supported relationship and OPCON or TACON provided by the gaining/supported state IAW established MOAs or other agreements.  The authority to notify, deploy, and employ an HRF, in almost all cases, is vested in the independent, sovereign state governors who control the NG capabilities with the understanding that HRFs are designed to be regional and national assets that support CBRN response  nationwide.  In some circumstances, the President may federalize NG assets, to include HRFs, CERFPs, and WMD-CSTs.  Each HRF has a medical treatment area with no holding capacity.  In addition, HRFs provide C2 and planning for all organic and attached units (WMD-CSTs and CERFPs) and provide security for CBRN site locations. They also coordinate and synchronize CBRN operations for designated areas and decontamination sites.  The HRF is responsible for integrating CBRN Response Enterprise planning (state and federal) with the assigned FEMA region.

d.  **JTF-CS.**  JTF-CS serves as the CBRN response headquarters for the DCRF.  JTF-CS
provides planning, training, and coordination for CBRN response operations.  It serves as lead planning authority for development of operational JTF and tactical TF level CBRN
response OPLANs and develops projected CBRN response and DSCA force requirements and structures to support mission requirements for all CBRN national planning scenarios. JTF-CS is the C2 element responsible for executing domestic CBRN response by responding to federal RFA IAW the NRF and DOD policy to provide immediate actions to save lives, protect property and the environment, and meet basic human needs.  The domestic CBRN response focuses on the operational to tactical levels in order to rapidly integrate and synchronize DOD capabilities in support of civil authorities.

e.  **DCRF.**  The DCRF includes approximately 5,200 personnel sourced primarily from the AC (multi-Service).  DCRF capabilities include CBRN incident assessment, SAR, decontamination of DOD personnel and equipment, evacuee and casualty decontamination, emergency medical, Role 2 medical care (advanced trauma management and emergency medical treatment including continuation of resuscitation), patient holding, ground and rotary-wing air patient movement, Role 3 medical care (surgical and intensive care), force health protection measures, military personnel and equipment operational security, site accessibility horizontal engineering, logistics, general support to enhance lifesaving and reduce human suffering, C2 aviation lift, mortuary affairs, and transportation.  The DCRF is designed to employ these capabilities in multi-function packages in order to provide critical lifesaving capabilities in a synchronized manner.  There are two force packages, Force Package 1 (2,100 personnel) and Force Package 2 (3,100 personnel).  Commander, JTF-CS, has the flexibility to task organize the DCRF based on the CBRN situation and mission in order to provide the most effective support to a CBRN response.  To better meet internal and external support of civil authorities during an incident, JTF-CS established CBRN battalion TFs, which are nested within the DCRF TF operations.  All other DCRF TFs and enablers (TF Aviation, TF Medical, TF Logistics, and TF Signal) will be primarily used in direct support of DCRF TF operations.  Battalion TFs are organized to be scalable, self-contained, semi-autonomous units (requiring limited C2 and support).  Battalion TFs are composed of mission command, communications, SAR, decontamination, medical, and logistic capabilities maneuvered into and employed in an operational area.  Battalion TFs are manned and equipped sufficiently to conduct six core lifesaving capabilities: mission command, hazard identification and detection, technical and nontechnical SAR, mass casualty and noncasualty decontamination, medical triage and stabilization, and support air and ground evacuation (medical and nonmedical).  The flexibility, versatility, and scalability of the battalion TF construct permit the JTF-CS commander to properly tailor the response package to the CBRN situation.

f.  **C2CRE A and B.**  The two C2CREs will include approximately 1,500 personnel each and be sourced from the AC and RC.  C2CRE A and C2CRE B will contain much smaller elements of many of the capabilities contained in the DCRF.  When directed, the C2CREs will begin initial operations, but must be quickly augmented with additional capabilities to sustain operations.  These additional capabilities may include federalized NG
assets (including WMD-CSTs, CERFPs, and HRFs) or forces from the AC and RC.
Dedicated C2CRE capabilities include CBRN assessment, SAR, decontamination, emergency medical, Role 2 medical, engineering, C2, logistics, and transportation.

3.  Unity of Effort in the Department of Defense Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response Enterprise The DOD CBRN Response Enterprise is one of many parts of the overall national CBRN response.  An effective, unified national response requires layered, mutually supporting capabilities.  The NRF systematically coordinates private sector and NGO capabilities with those of local, tribal, state, and federal for commitment in response to a CBRN incident.  If requested, SecDef is responsible for assisting DHS and the ESF primary and coordinator agencies in CBRN response operations for a domestic CBRN incident.  The synergistic construct of the DOD CBRN Response Enterprise supports unity of effort by facilitating a rapid and echeloned response providing redundancy of critical lifesaving capabilities and a layered integration of NG resources reinforced by federal capabilities.

##


Intentionally Blank


## Appendix D References

The development of JP 3-41 is based upon the following references:

## 1.  General

a.  *The Constitution of the United States.*
b.  Title 10, USC. c.  Title 14 USC.
d.  Title 18, USC.
e.  Title 22, USC. f.  Title 31, USC. g.  Title 32, USC. h.  Title 42, USC. i. *Flood Control and Coastal Emergency Act.*
j.  *Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act.*
k.  Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act.

l.  *Homeland Security Act of 2002.* m.  EO-12966, *Foreign Disaster Assistance.* n.  HSPD-1, Organization and Operation of the Homeland Security Council.
o.  HSPD-3, The Homeland Security Advisory System.
p.  HSPD-4/NSPD-17, National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction.
q.  HSPD-5, Management of Domestic Incidents.
r.  PPD-8, National Preparedness.
s.  HSPD-9, Defense of United States Agriculture and Food. t.  HSPD-10, Biodefense for the 21st Century. u.  HSPD-14, Domestic Nuclear Detection.
v.  HSPD-15, US Strategy and Policy on the War on Terrorism (U). w.  HSPD-18, Medical Countermeasures Against Weapons of Mass Destruction.
x.  PPD-17, Countering Improvised Explosive Devices.
y.  HSPD-20, National Continuity Policy.
z.  HSPD-21, Public Health and Medical Preparedness.
aa.  HSPD-22, Domestic Chemical Defense (U).
bb.  NDP-1, National Policy and Procedures for the Disclosure of Classified Military Information to Foreign Governments and International Organizations.

cc.  NSPD-28, United States Nuclear Weapons Command and Control, Safety, and Security.

dd.  National Security Decision Memorandum 119, Disclosure of Classified United States Military Information to Foreign Governments and International Organizations.

ee.  *National Security Strategy.* ff.  *The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, Glasstone and Dolan, DOD.* gg.  *National Strategy for Homeland Security.* hh.  *National Strategy for Combating Terrorism.* ii.  *National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction.* jj.  *National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats.* kk.  *National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza.* ll.  *Department of Defense Strategy for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction.* mm.  *National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza* Implementation Plan.
nn.  *National Strategy for Biosurveillance.*
oo.  NRF Resource Center: http://www.fema.gov/NRF.

pp.  NRF: http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-core.pdf.
qq.  NRF, *Catastrophic Incident Annex.*
rr.  4 March 2003, Memorandum of Understanding Between the Intelligence Community, Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, and the DHS Concerning Information Sharing.

ss.  *Planning Guidance for Response to a Nuclear Detonation.*
tt.  *JFO Standard Operating Procedures and JFO Field Operations Guide:*
http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nrf/jobaids.htm.

uu.  *NIMS Resource Center:* www.fema.gov/NIMS.

vv.  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/pdfs/2005-149.pdf.

ww.  *US Department of Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook:*
http://hazmat.dot.gov/pubs/erg/guidebook.htm.

xx.  *Are You Ready? An In-depth Guide to Citizen Preparedness,* FEMA "Are You Ready Guides": http://www.fema.gov/areyouready/terrorism.shtm.

yy.  National Disaster Recovery Framework:
http://www.fema.gov/pdf/recoveryframework/ndrf.pdf.

## 2.  Department Of Defense Publications

a.  *Unified Command Plan.*
b.  *Guidance for Employment of the Force.* c.  *2014 Quadrennial Defense Review.*
d.  *National Defense Strategy.*
e.  *National Military Strategy.* f.  Strategy for Homeland Defense and *Defense Support of Civil Authorities.*
g.  *The National Military Strategy for Combating Terrorism.* h.  *DOD Global Concept Plan.*
i.  DTRA Foreign Consequence Management Legal Deskbook.
j.  DODD 2060.02, Department of Defense (DOD) Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Policy.

k.  DODD 3025.18, Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA).
l.  DODD 3150.08, DOD Response to Nuclear and Radiological Incidents.
m.  DODD 5100.46, Foreign Disaster Relief (FDR).
n.  DODD 5200.27, Acquisition of Information Concerning Persons and Organizations not Affiliated with the Department of Defense.

o.  DODD 5240.01, *DOD Intelligence Activities.*
p.  DODD 6490.02E, Comprehensive Health Surveillance. q.  DODI 2000.12, *DOD Antiterrorism (AT) Activities.*
r.  DODI 2000.21, DOD Support to International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Incidents.

s.  DODI 3020.52, DOD Installation Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and High-Yield Explosive (CBRNE) Preparedness Standards.

t.  DODI 3025.20, Defense Support of Special Events. u.  DODI 3025.21, Defense Support of Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies. v.  DODI 3025.22, The Use of the National Guard for Defense Support of Civil Authorities.

w.  DODI 3150.09, The Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN)
Survivability Policy.

x.  DODI 3150.10, *DOD Response to US Nuclear Weapon Incidents.*
y.  DODI 6055.17, DOD Installation Emergency Management (IEM) Program.

z.  DODI 6200.03, Public Health Emergency Management Within the Department of Defense.

aa.  DODI 6490.03, Deployment Health. bb.  DODM 3150.08, Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures (NARP).
cc.  DODM 5200.01, Volume 1, DOD Information Security Program: Overview, Classification, and Declassification.

dd.  DOD 5240.1-R, Procedures Governing the Activities of DOD Intelligence Components that Affect United States Persons.

ee.  *Medical Management of Radiological Casualties Handbook,* Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute: http://www.afrri.usuhs.mil.

ff.  USTRANSCOM policy document:  Policy for Patient Movement of Contaminated Contagious or Potentially Exposed Casualties.

## 3.  Chairman Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff

a.  CJCSI 3110.01J, 2015 Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP) (U).

b.  CJCSI 3121.01B, Standing Rules of Engagement/Standing Rules for the Use of Force for US Forces (U).

c.  CJCSI 3125.01D, Defense Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Incidents in the Homeland.

d.  CJCSM 3130.03, *Adaptive Planning and Execution (APEX) Formats and Guidance.*
e.  CJCSI 3150.25F, Joint Lessons Learned Program.
f.  CJCSI 3214.01E, Defense Support for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Incidents on Foreign Territory.

g.  CJCSM 3122 Series, Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES).
h.  CJCSM 3150.13C, Joint Reporting StructurePersonnel Manual. i.  CJCSM 3500.03E, Joint Training Manual for the Armed Forces of the United States,.
j.  MCM 0028-07, Procedures for Deployment Health Surveillance.
k.  CJCS CBRN Response EXORD 24 March 2016.


## 4.  Joint Publications

a.  JP 1-0, *Joint Personnel Support.*
b.  JP 1-04, *Legal Support to Military Operations.*
c.  JP 1-05, *Religious Affairs in Joint Operations.*
d.  JP 2-01, *Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations.*
e.  JP 3-06, *Joint Urban Operations.* f.  JP 3-08, *Interorganizational Cooperation.*
g.  JP 3-11, Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments.

h.  JP 3-16, Multinational Operations.
i.  JP 3-27, *Homeland Defense.*
j.  JP 3-28, *Defense Support of Civil Authorities.*
k.  JP 3-29, *Foreign Humanitarian Assistance.*
l.  JP 3-30, *Command and Control of Joint Air Operations.*
m.  JP 3-33, *Joint Task Force Headquarters.*
n.  JP 3-35, Deployment and Redeployment Operations. o.  JP 3-40, *Countering  Weapons of Mass Destruction.*
p.  JP 3-57, *Civil-Military Operations.*
q.  JP 3-61, *Public Affairs.*
r.  JP 4-0, *Joint Logistics.*
s.  JP 4-02, *Joint Health Services.* t.  JP 4-05, Joint Mobilization Planning. u.  JP 4-06, Mortuary Affairs. v.  JP 4-10, Operational Contract Support. w.  JP 5-0, Joint Planning. x.  *Universal Joint Task List.*

## 5.  Multi-Service Publications

a.  FM 3-11/MCRP 10-10E.3 [MCWP 3-37.1]/NWP 3-11/AFTTP 3-2.42, Multi-Service Doctrine for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Operations.


b.  FM 3-11.9/MCRP 10-10E.4 [MCRP 3-37.1B]/NTRP 3-11.32/AFTTP(I)
3-2.55, Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds.

c.  ATP 3-11.32/MCWP 10-10E.5 [MCWP 3-37.2]/NTTP 3-11.37, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Passive Defense.

d.  ATP 3-11.41/MCRP 10-10E.6 [MCRP 3-37.2C]/NTTP 3-11.24/AFTTP 3-2.37, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Consequence Management Operations.

e.  ATP 3-28.1/MCRP 3-30.6 [MCWP 3-36.2]/NTTP 3-57.2/AFTTP 3-2.67, Multi-
Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques and Procedures For Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA).

f.  ATP 4-02.7/MCRP 3-40A.6 [MCRP 4-11.1F]/NTTP 4-02.7/AFTTP 3-42.3, Multi-
Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Health Service Support in a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environment.
g.  ATP 4-02.83/ MCRP 3-40A.2 [MCRP 4-11.1B]/ NTRP 4.02.21/AFMAN 44-161(I), Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Treatment of Nuclear and Radiological Casualties.

h.  ATP 4-02.84/MCRP 3-40A.3 [MCRP 4-11.1C]/NTRP 4-02.23/AFMAN 44-156_IP, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Treatment of Biological Warfare Agent Casualties.
i.  ATP 4-02.85/MCRP 3-40A.1 [MCRP 4-11.1A]/NTRP 4-02.22/AFTTP(I) 3-2.69, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Treatment of Chemical Warfare Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries.

j.  NTRP 4-02.9/AFTTP 3-2.82_IP/ATP 4-02.82, Occupational and Environmental Health Site Assessment.

## 6.  Army Publication

ATP 5-19, *Risk Management.*

## 7.  Air Force Publications

a.  AFMAN 10-2608, Disease Containment.

b.  AFI 41-307 (Attachment 12), Aeromedical Evacuation Patient Considerations and Standards of Care.

## 8.  Coast Guard Publications

a.  COMDINST M16601.12, Special Missions Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear High-Yield Explosives (CBRNE) Operations Manual.

b.  COMDTINST 3400.4A, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear High-Yield Explosives (CBRN) Policy for Cost Guard Expeditionary Forces.

c.  COMDINST 3400.3B, Weapons of Mass Destruction and Catastrophic Hazardous Material Releases.

d.  COMDTINST M3010.11D, Contingency Preparedness Planning Manual, Volume I:
Contingency Planning Policy.

e.  Commandant Publication P5850.2C, Coast Guard Legal Authorities.
f.  Coast Guard Publication 3-0, Operations.

## 8.  International Documents A.  **Canadian Legislation**

(1)  Emergencies Act (Revised Statutes of Canada: 1985 c.22 4th Supplement).
(2)  EP Act (Revised Statutes of Canada: 1985 c.6 4th Supplement).

## B.  Canus Agreements

(1)  CanadaUnited States ILOCs Agreement. (2)  CanadaUS Agreement for Enhanced Military Cooperation.
(3)  Temporary Cross-Border Movement of Land Forces Between the United States and Canada Agreement.

(4)  CanadianUnited States Regional Emergency Management Agreements. (5)  CanadianUnited States Joint Radiological Emergency Response Plan.
(6)  Inland Pollution Contingency Plan.
c.  Canada Command and United States Northern Command, 25 January 2012, Canada and US Civil Assistance Plan (JOINT UNCLASSIFIED CAN USA/FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY).

d. Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America. e.  NATO Article 5. f.  Chemical Weapons Convention Article X.


## Appendix E Administrative Instructions 1.  User Comments

Users in the field are highly encouraged to submit comments on this publication to: Joint Staff J-7, Deputy Director, Joint Education and Doctrine, ATTN: Joint Doctrine Analysis Division, 116 Lake View Parkway, Suffolk, VA 23435-2697.  These comments should address content (accuracy, usefulness, consistency, and organization), writing, and appearance.

## 2.  Authorship

The lead agent for this publication is the US Northern Command Director, Strategy Policy and Plans (J5).  The Joint Staff doctrine sponsor for this publication is the Director, Operations (J-3).

## 3.  Supersession

This publication supersedes JP 3-41, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Consequence Management, 21 June 2012.

## 4.  Change Recommendations Recommendations For Urgent Changes To This Publication Should Be Submitted:

TO:  Deputy Director, Joint Education and Doctrine (DD JED), Attn: Joint Doctrine Division,
7000
Joint Staff
(J-7), Washington, DC,
20318-7000
or email:js.pentagon.j7.list.dd-je-d-jdd-all@mail.mil.

a.  Routine changes should be submitted electronically to the Deputy Director, Joint Education and Doctrine, ATTN: Joint Doctrine Analysis Division, 116 Lake View Parkway, Suffolk, VA 23435-2697, and info the lead agent and the Director for Joint Force Development, J-7/JED.

b.  When a Joint Staff directorate submits a proposal to the CJCS that would change source document information reflected in this publication, that directorate will include a proposed change to this publication as an enclosure to its proposal. The Services and other organizations are requested to notify the Joint Staff J-7 when changes to source documents reflected in this publication are initiated.

## 5.  Lessons Learned

The Joint Lessons Learned Program (JLLP) primary objective is to enhance joint force readiness and effectiveness by contributing to improvements in doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, facilities, and policy.  The Joint Lessons Learned Information System (JLLIS) is the DOD system of record for lessons learned and facilitates the collection, tracking, management, sharing, collaborative resolution, and dissemination of lessons learned to improve the development and readiness of the joint force.  The JLLP integrates with joint doctrine through the joint doctrine development process by providing lessons and lessons learned derived from operations, events, and exercises.  As these inputs are incorporated into joint doctrine, they become institutionalized for future use, a major goal of the JLLP.  Lessons and lessons learned are routinely sought and incorporated into draft JPs throughout formal staffing of the development process.  The JLLIS Website can be found at https://www.jllis.mil or http://www.jllis.smil.mil.

## 6.  Distribution Of Publications

Local reproduction is authorized, and access to unclassified publications is unrestricted.
However, access to and reproduction authorization for classified JPs must be IAW DOD
Manual 5200.01, Volume 1, DOD Information Security Program: Overview, Classification, and Declassification, and DOD Manual 5200.01, Volume 3, DOD Information Security Program: Protection of Classified Information.

## 7.  Distribution Of Electronic Publications

a.  Joint Staff J-7 will not print copies of JPs for distribution.  Electronic versions are available on JDEIS Joint Electronic Library Plus (JEL+) at https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/index.jsp (NIPRNET) and http://jdeis.js.smil.mil/jdeis/index.jsp (SIPRNET), and on the JEL at http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine (NIPRNET).

b.  Only approved JPs are releasable outside the combatant commands, Services, and Joint Staff.  Defense attaches may request classified JPs by sending written requests to Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)/IE-3, 200 MacDill Blvd., Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling, Washington, DC 20340-5100.

c.  JEL CD-ROM.  Upon request of a joint doctrine development community member, the Joint Staff J-7 will produce and deliver one CD-ROM with current JPs.  This JEL CD- ROM will be updated not less than semi-annually and when received can be locally reproduced for use within the combatant commands, Services, and combat support agencies.


## Glossary Part IAbbreviations And Acronyms

| AC            | Active Component                                            |
|---------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| AFI           | Air Force instruction                                       |
| AFMAN         | Air Force manual                                            |
| AFRRI         | Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute                |
| AFTTP         |                                                             |
| AFTTP(I)      | Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures (instruction) |
| ALARA         | as low as reasonably achievable                             |
| ALCOM         |                                                             |
| ANG           | Air National Guard                                          |
| AOR           | area of responsibility                                      |
| APOD          | aerial port of debarkation                                  |
| ARNG          | Army National Guard                                         |
| ARS           | acute radiation syndrome                                    |
| ASCC          | Army Service component command                              |
| ASD(HA)       | Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs)             |
| ASD(HD&GS)    | Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense and        |
|               | Global Security)                                            |
| ASD(RA)       | Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs)            |
| AT            | antiterrorism                                               |
| ATP           | Army techniques publication                                 |
|               |                                                             |
| BSI           | base support installation                                   |
|               |                                                             |
| C2            | command and control                                         |
| C2CRE         | command and control chemical, biological, radiological,     |
|               | and nuclear response element                                |
| CANUS         | Canada-United States                                        |
| CAP           | crisis action planning                                      |
| CBIRF         | Chemical-Biological Incident Response Force                 |
| CBRN          | chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear             |
| CBRNE         | chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear,                |
|               | and high-yield explosives                                   |
| CCDR          | combatant commander                                         |
| CCMD          | combatant command                                           |
| CDC           | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (DHHS)           |
| CDRUSARNORTH  | Commander, United States Army, North                        |
| CDRUSNORTHCOM | Commander, United States Northern Command                   |
| CDRUSPACOM    | Commander, United States Pacific Command                    |
| CDRUSSOCOM    | Commander, United States Special Operations Command         |
| CDRUSSTRATCOM | Commander, United States Strategic Command                  |
| CDRUSTRANSCOM | Commander, United States Transportation Command             |
| CERFP     | chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear,              |
|-----------|-----------------------------------------------------------|
|           | and high-yield explosives enhanced response force package |
| CJCS      | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff                     |
| CJCSI     | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction         |
| CJTF      | commander, joint task force                               |
| CMOC      | civil-military operations center                          |
| CMST      | consequence management support team                       |
| CNGB      | Chief, National Guard Bureau                              |
| COA       | course of action                                          |
| COM       | chief of mission                                          |
| COMDTINST | Commandant of the Coast Guard instruction                 |
| CONUS     | continental United States                                 |
| CSA       | combat support agency                                     |
| CW        | chemical warfare                                          |
| CWMD      | countering weapons of mass destruction                    |
|           |                                                           |
| DCE       | defense coordinating element                              |
| DCO       | defense coordinating officer                              |
| DCRF      | defense chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear   |
|           | response force                                            |
| DEPORD    | deployment order                                          |
| DF        | dangerous fallout                                         |
| DHS       | Department of Homeland Security                           |
| DLA       | Defense Logistics Agency                                  |
| DOD       | Department of Defense                                     |
| DODD      | Department of Defense directive                           |
| DODI      | Department of Defense instruction                         |
| DODM      | Department of Defense manual                              |
| DOS       | Department of State                                       |
| DR        | disaster relief                                           |
| DSC       | dual-status commander                                     |
| DSCA      | defense support of civil authorities                      |
| DSF       | deployable specialized force                              |
| DSG       | Defense Strategic Guidance                                |
| DTRA      | Defense Threat Reduction Agency                           |
|           |                                                           |
| EMAC      | emergency management assistance compact                   |
| EMP       | electromagnetic pulse                                     |
| EO        | executive order                                           |
| EOC       | emergency operations center                               |
| EOD       | explosive ordnance disposal                               |
| EP        | emergency preparedness                                    |
| EPA       | Environmental Protection Agency                           |
| ESF       | emergency support function                                |
| EXORD     | execute order                                             |
|           |                                                           |
| FAA      | Foreign Assistance Act                                |
|----------|-------------------------------------------------------|
| FBI      | Federal Bureau of Investigation (DOJ)                 |
| FCO      | federal coordinating officer                          |
| FEMA     | Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS)             |
| FEST     | foreign emergency support team                        |
| FHA      | foreign humanitarian assistance                       |
| FM       | field manual (Army)                                   |
| FOB      | forward operating base                                |
| FORSCOM  | United States Army Forces Command                     |
| FPCON    | force protection condition                            |
|          |                                                       |
| GCC      | geographic combatant commander                        |
| GEF      | Guidance for Employment of the Force                  |
|          |                                                       |
| HA       | humanitarian assistance                               |
| HD       | homeland defense                                      |
| HE       | high explosives                                       |
| HN       | host nation                                           |
| HRF      | homeland response force                               |
| HS       | homeland security                                     |
| HSPD     | homeland security Presidential directive              |
|          |                                                       |
| IAP      | incident action plan                                  |
| IAW      | in accordance with                                    |
| IC       | incident commander                                    |
| ICBRN-R  | international chemical, biological, radiological, and |
|          | nuclear response                                      |
| ICS      | incident command system                               |
| IED      | improvised explosive device                           |
| IEM      | installation emergency management                     |
| ILOC     | integrated line of communications                     |
| ITO      | installation transportation officer                   |
|          |                                                       |
| JFC      | joint force commander                                 |
| JFHQ-NCR | Joint Force Headquarters-National Capital Region      |
| JFLCC    | joint force land component commander                  |
| JFO      | joint field office                                    |
| JIEE     | Joint Information Exchange Environment                |
| JMC      | joint movement center                                 |
| JOA      | joint operations area                                 |
| JOC      | joint operations center                               |
| JP       | joint publication                                     |
| JPAC     | joint planning augmentation cell                      |
| JRERP    | Joint Radiological Emergency Response Plan            |
| JRSOI         | joint reception, staging, onward movement, and     |
|---------------|----------------------------------------------------|
|               | integration                                        |
| JSCP          | Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan                  |
| JTF           | joint task force                                   |
| JTF-CS        | Joint Task Force-Civil Support                     |
| JTF-State     | joint task force-state                             |
|               |                                                    |
| kt            | kiloton(s)                                         |
|               |                                                    |
| LD            | light damage                                       |
| LFA           | lead federal agency                                |
| LNO           | liaison officer                                    |
|               |                                                    |
| MCM           | military committee memorandum (memorandum issued   |
|               | in the name of the Chairman)                       |
| MCRP          | Marine Corps reference publication                 |
| MCWP          | Marine Corps warfighting publication               |
| MD            | moderate damage                                    |
| ME/C          | medical examiner and/or coroner                    |
| MHE           | materials handling equipment                       |
| MOA           | memorandum of agreement                            |
| MOU           | memorandum of understanding                        |
| MRAT          | medical radiobiology advisory team                 |
| MSR           | main supply route                                  |
| MSRT          | Maritime Security Response Team (USCG)             |
|               |                                                    |
| NATO          | North Atlantic Treaty Organization                 |
| NDP           | national disclosure policy                         |
| NG            | National Guard                                     |
| NGB           | National Guard Bureau                              |
| NGCC          | National Guard Coordination Center                 |
| NG JFHQ-State | National Guard joint force headquarters-state      |
| NGO           | nongovernmental organization                       |
| NIMS          | National Incident Management System                |
| NIPRNET       | Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router Network         |
| NMCC          | National Military Command Center                   |
| NMS           | national military strategy                         |
| NRF           | National Response Framework                        |
| NSF           | National Strike Force (USCG)                       |
| NSPD          | national security Presidential directive           |
| NSS           | national security strategy                         |
| NTRP          | Navy tactical reference publication                |
| NTTP          | Navy tactics, techniques, and procedures           |
| NWP           | Navy warfare publication                           |
|               |                                                    |
| OCS           | operational contract support                       | | OCSIC    | operational contract support integration cell        |
|----------|------------------------------------------------------|
| OEG      | operational exposure guidance                        |
| OEH      | occupational and environmental health                |
| OPCON    | operational control                                  |
| OPLAN    | operation plan                                       |
| OPORD    | operation order                                      |
| OSD      | Office of the Secretary of Defense                   |
|          |                                                      |
| PA       | public affairs                                       |
| PCA      | Posse Comitatus Act                                  |
| PFO      | principal federal official                           |
| PI       | pandemic influenza                                   |
| PIU      | patient isolation unit                               |
| POD      | port of debarkation                                  |
| PPD      | Presidential policy directive                        |
| PPE      | personal protective equipment                        |
|          |                                                      |
| QSTAG    | quadripartite standardization agreement              |
|          |                                                      |
| RC       | Reserve Component                                    |
| RDD      | radiological dispersal device                        |
| RED      | radiological exposure device                         |
| RFA      | request for assistance                               |
| RFF      | request for forces                                   |
| ROE      | rules of engagement                                  |
| RS       | religious support                                    |
| RST      | religious support team                               |
| RUF      | rules for the use of force                           |
|          |                                                      |
| SAR      | search and rescue                                    |
| SD       | severe damage                                        |
| SecDef   | Secretary of Defense                                 |
| SIPRNET  | SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network              |
| SJA      | staff judge advocate                                 |
| SOFA     | status-of-forces agreement                           |
| SPOD     | seaport of debarkation                               |
| SPP      | Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America |
| SROE     | standing rules of engagement                         |
| SRUF     | standing rules for the use of force                  |
| STANAG   | standardization agreement (NATO)                     |
|          |                                                      |
| TACON    | tactical control                                     |
| TAG      | the adjutant general                                 |
| TF       | task force                                           |
| TIC      | toxic industrial chemical                            |
| TIM      | toxic industrial material                            |
| TRO        | training and readiness oversight                 |
|------------|--------------------------------------------------|
|            |                                                  |
| UCP        | Unified Command Plan                             |
| UN         | United Nations                                   |
| USACE      | United States Army Corps of Engineers            |
| USAEDS     | United States Atomic Energy Detection System     |
| USAFR      | United States Air Force Reserve                  |
| USAMRICD   | United States Army Medical Research Institute of |
|            | Chemical Defense                                 |
| USAMRIID   | United States Army Medical Research Institute of |
|            | Infectious Diseases                              |
| USAR       | United States Army Reserve                       |
| USARNORTH  | United States Army, North                        |
| USC        | United States Code                               |
| USCG       | United States Coast Guard                        |
| USCGR      | United States Coast Guard Reserve                |
| USD(P)     | Under Secretary of Defense for Policy            |
| USG        | United States Government                         |
| USMCR      | United States Marine Corps Reserve               |
| USNORTHCOM | United States Northern Command                   |
| USNR       | United States Navy Reserve                       |
| USPACOM    | United States Pacific Command                    |
| USTRANSCOM | United States Transportation Command             |
|            |                                                  |
| WMD        | weapons of mass destruction                      |
| WMD-CST    | weapons of mass destruction-civil support team   |
|            |                                                  |
|            |                                                  |

## Part IiTerms And Definitions

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear consequence management.  None.
(Approved for removal from JP 1-02.)

dispersion.  1. The spreading or separating of troops, materiel, establishments, or activities,
which are usually concentrated in limited areas to reduce vulnerability.  (JP 5-0)  2. In chemical and biological operations, the dissemination of agents in liquid or aerosol
form.  (JP 3-41)  3. In airdrop operations, the scatter of personnel and/or cargo on the
drop zone.  (JP 3-17)  4. In naval control of shipping, the reberthing of a ship in the periphery of the port area or in the vicinity of the port for its own protection in order to
minimize the risk of damage from attack.  (JP 1-02.  SOURCE: JP 4-01.2)
emergency operations center.  A temporary or permanent facility where the coordination of
information and resources to support domestic incident management activities normally
takes place.  Also called **EOC.**  (JP 1-02.  SOURCE: JP 3-41)
exposure dose.  None.  (Approved for removal from JP 1-02.) flash burn.  A burn caused by excessive exposure (of bare skin) to thermal radiation.
(JP 1-02.  SOURCE: JP 3-41)
foreign consequence management.  None.  (Approved for removal from JP 1-02.)
height of burst.  The vertical distance from the Earth's surface or target to the point of burst.
Also called **HOB.**  (JP 1-02.  SOURCE: JP 3-41)
international chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear response.  United States
Government activity that assists foreign governments in responding to the effects from an intentional or accidental chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incident on
foreign territory.  Also called **ICBRN-R.**  (Approved for incorporation into JP 1-02.)
joint operations center.  A jointly manned facility of a joint force commander's
headquarters established to plan, monitor, and guide the execution of the commander's
decisions.  Also called **JOC.**  (Approved for incorporation into JP 1-02.)
Joint Task Force-Civil Support.  A standing joint task force established to plan and
integrate Department of Defense support to the designated lead federal agency for domestic chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives
consequence management operations.  Also called **JTF-CS.**  (JP 1-02.  SOURCE:
JP 3-41)
lead federal agency.  The federal agency that leads and coordinates the overall federal
response to an emergency.  Also called **LFA.**  (JP 1-02.  SOURCE: JP 3-41)
National Disaster Medical System.  A federally coordinated medical system, augmenting
the United States' medical response capability to assist state, local, and tribal authorities
in dealing with medical impacts during major peacetime disasters.  Also called **NDMS.**
(Approved for incorporation into JP 1-02.)

National Incident Management System.  A national crisis response system that provides a
consistent, nationwide approach for federal, state, local, and tribal governments; the private sector; and nongovernmental organizations to work effectively and efficiently together to prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of
cause, size, or complexity.  Also called **NIMS.**  (JP 1-02.  SOURCE: JP 3-41)
nuclear incident.  An unexpected incident involving a nuclear weapon, facility, or
component, but not constituting a nuclear weapon(s) accident, resulting in any of the following: a. an increase in the possibility of explosion or radioactive contamination; b. errors committed in the assembly, testing, loading, or transportation of equipment,
and/or the malfunctioning of equipment and materiel which could lead to an
unintentional operation of all or part of the weapon arming and/or firing sequence, or which could lead to a substantial change in yield, or increased dud probability; and c. any act of God, unfavorable environment, or condition resulting in damage to the weapon, facility, or component.  (JP 1-02.  SOURCE: JP 3-41)
nuclear weapon(s) accident.  None.  (Approved for removal from JP 1-02.)

principal federal official.  The federal official designated by the Secretary of Homeland
Security to act as his/her representative locally to oversee, coordinate, and execute the Secretary's incident management responsibilities under Homeland Security Presidential
Directive 5.  Also called **PFO.**  (JP 1-02.  SOURCE: JP 3-41)
technical nuclear forensics.  The collection, analysis and evaluation of pre-detonation
(intact) and post-detonation (exploded) radiological or nuclear materials, devices, and debris, as well as the immediate effects created by a nuclear detonation.  (JP 1-02.
SOURCE: JP 3-41)
thermal radiation.  1. The heat and light produced by a nuclear explosion.  2.
Electromagnetic radiations emitted from a heat or light source as a consequence of its temperature.  (JP 1-02.  SOURCE: JP 3-41)

## Joint Doctrine Publications Hierarchy

 FD comment matrix adjudication
 JS J-7 produces the final coordination (FC) draft, staffs to
JDDC and JS via Joint Staff Action Processing (JSAP) system
 Joint Staff doctrine sponsor (JSDS) adjudicates FC comment
matrix