## Adp 1-02 Terms And Military Symbols August 2018

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes ADP 1-02, dated 31 August 2012, and ADRP 1-02, dated 16 November 2016.

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site
(https://armypubs.army.mil/), and the Central Army Registry site
(https://atiam.train.army.mil/catalog/dashboard).

## Terms And Military Symbols Contents

Page
PREFACE........ vii
INTRODUCTION ........ ix
Chapter 1
MILITARY TERMS ........ 1-1
Chapter 2
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND COUNTRY CODES ........ 2-1
Section I - Acronyms and Abbreviations ........ 2-1
Section II - Geographical Entity Codes ........ 2-22
Chapter 3
MILITARY SYMBOLOGY BASICS ........ 3-1
Framed Symbols ........ 3-1
Lettering for All Symbols ........ 3-9
The Building Process for Framed Symbols ........ 3-9
Unframed Symbols ........ 3-10
Chapter 4
UNITS, INDIVIDUALS, AND ORGANIZATIONS ........ 4-1
Main Icons for Units ........ 4-1 Main Icons for Defense Support of Civil Authorities Individuals and Organizations (Civilian) ........ 4-30
Chapter 5
EQUIPMENT ........ 5-1
Icons and Modifiers for Land Equipment Symbols ........ 5-1 Main Icons for Equipment ........ 5-4
Sector 1 Modifiers for Equipment ........ 5-11
Sector 2 Modifiers for Equipment ........ 5-15
Mobility Indicators ........ 5-17
Chapter 6
INSTALLATIONS ........ 6-1
Main Icons for Installations ........ 6-1
Sector 1 Modifiers for Installations ........ 6-3
Sector 2 Modifiers for Installations ........ 6-6
Chapter 7
ACTIVITIES ........ 7-1
Main Icons for Activities ........ 7-1
Sector 1 Modifiers for Activities ........ 7-5
Sector 2 Modifiers for Activities ........ 7-10
Chapter 8
CONTROL MEASURE SYMBOLS ........ 8-1
Fundamentals of Control Measure Symbols ........ 8-1
Composition of Control Measure Symbols ........ 8-1
Figure 4-4.Template for operational condition amplifier ........ 4-27
Figure 4-5.Template for combat effectiveness amplifier ........ 4-28 Figure 4-6. Offset locator indicators ........ 4-29 Figure 4-7. Headquarters offset locator indicators ........ 4-29
Figure 5-1. Placement of land equipment symbol amplifiers ........ 5-1
Figure 8-1. Composition of control measure symbols ........ 8-1 Figure 8-2. Amplifier descriptions usage examples for control measure symbols ........ 8-4 Figure 8-3. CBRN events composition template ........ 8-5
Figure 8-4. Boundary composition template ........ 8-6
Figure 8-5. Template for sustainment point (left) and supply distribution point (right) control
measure symbols ........ 8-11
Figure 8-6. Template for line control measure symbols ........ 8-11 Figure 8-7. Template for area control measure symbols ........ 8-12 Figure 9-1. Example of tactical mission task symbol connected to task organization composition
symbol ........ 9-4
Figure 10-1. Task organization icon and amplifier fields ........ 10-2
Figure 10-2. Brigade combat team example ........ 10-4

## Tables

Table 3-1. Frame shapes for standard identities ........ 3-2
Table 3-2. Friendly frames in present, planned, or suspected status ........ 3-3 Table 3-3. Examples of horizontal and vertical bounding octagons ........ 3-4 Table 3-4. Descriptions of amplifier fields ........ 3-7 Table 3-5. Building process for framed symbols ........ 3-10 Table 3-6. Building process for control measure symbols ........ 3-12 Table 4-1. Main icons for units ........ 4-1
Table 4-2. Main icons for named units ........ 4-6
Table 4-3. Sector 1 modifiers for units ........ 4-8
Table 4-4. Sector 2 modifiers for unit mobility ........ 4-17
Table 4-5. Sector 2 modifiers for unit equipment size, range, or altitude ........ 4-20
Table 4-6. Echelon amplifiers ........ 4-24
Table 4-7. Task force and team amplifiers ........ 4-26 Table 4-8. Attached and detached amplifiers ........ 4-27 Table 4-9. Operational condition amplifiers ........ 4-28
Table 4-10. Examples of unit symbols ........ 4-30 Table 4-11. Main icons for defense support of civil authorities individuals and organizations .... 4-31 Table 4-12. Sector 1 modifiers for defense support of civil authorities individuals and
organizations ........ 4-33
Table 4-13. Sector 2 modifiers for defense support of civil authorities individuals and
organizations ........ 4-36
Table 5-1. Descriptions and formats of land equipment symbol modifiers and amplifiers ........ 5-2

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## Preface

ADP 1-02 constitutes approved Army doctrinal terminology and symbology for general use. It builds on the foundational doctrine established in ADP 1-02. The principal audience for ADP 1-02 is all members of the profession of Arms. Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters serving as joint task force or multinational headquarters should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning the range of military operations and joint or multinational forces. Trainers and educators throughout the Army will also use this publication. Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure their decisions and actions comply with applicable U.S., international, and, in some cases, host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all echelons ensure their Soldiers operate in accordance with the law of war and the rules of engagement. (See FM 27-10.) This publication implements the following international agreements: STANAG 1059 (ED. 8). *Letter Codes for Geographical Entities*. 1 April 2004.

STANAG 1241 (ED. 5). *NATO Standard Identity Description Structure for Tactical Use*. 6 April 2005. STANAG 2019 (ED. 7)/APP-6 (D). *NATO Joint Military Symbology*. 16 October 2017. STANAG 3680 (ED. 5)/AAP-6 (2017) (2). *NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions (English and French)*. 7 February 2018. ADP 1-02 uses joint terms where applicable. ADP 1-02 applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated. The proponent of ADP 1-02 is the United States Army Combined Arms Center. The preparing agency is the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate, United States Army Combined Arms Center. Send written comments and recommendations on DA Form 2028 (*Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms*) to Commander, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center and Fort Leavenworth, ATTN: ATZL MCK D (ADP 1-02), 300
McPherson Avenue, Fort Leavenworth, KS
66027
2337;
by email to usarmy.leavenworth.mccoe.mbx.cadd-org-mailbox@mail.mil; or submit an electronic DA Form 2028.

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## Introduction

This revision of ADP 1-02 compiles definitions of all Army terms approved for use in Army doctrinal publications, including ADPs, FMs, and ATPs. It also includes joint terms appearing in the glossaries of Army doctrinal publications as of March 2018. ADP 1-02 also lists shortened forms (whether considered acronyms or abbreviations) approved for use in Army doctrinal publications. In addition, ADP 1-02
incorporates North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) terms appearing in the glossaries of Army doctrinal publications. This publication is augmented by the *Army Dictionary* online. Changes to terminology occur more frequently than traditional publication media can be updated. The terminology and symbology database, known as the Army Dictionary, is updated monthly to reflect the latest editions of Army publications. (To access the database, go to https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/index.jsp?pindex=207, and log in with a common access card.) This database is an official Department of Defense (DOD) Web site, maintained by the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate in collaboration with the Joint Staff Directorate for Joint Force Development. The site is part of the Joint Doctrine, Education, and Training Electronic Information System. It includes all Army doctrinal terms and all military symbols in MIL-STD 2525D, including air, land, maritime, space, activities control measures, and meteorological symbols. While the database includes the same joint terms appearing in ADP 1-02, readers should consult the DOD *Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms* for up-to-date joint terminology.

ADP 1-02 also provides a single standard for developing and depicting hand-drawn and computer-generated military symbols for situation maps, overlays, and annotated aerial photographs for all types of military operations. It is the Army proponent publication for all military symbols, and it complies with Department of Defense (DOD) Military Standard (MIL-STD) 2525D. The symbology chapters of this ADP focus primarily on military symbols applicable to Army land operations. When communicating instructions to subordinate units, commanders and staffs from company through corps echelons should use this publication as a dictionary of operational terms and military symbols. ADP 1-02 is organized as follows: Chapter 1 presents terms. Chapter 2 presents acronyms, abbreviations, and country codes. Chapter 3 introduces military symbology fundamentals.

Chapters 4 through 7 provide icons for units, individuals, organizations, equipment, installations, and activities. Chapter 8 introduces control measure symbols. Chapter 9 discusses tactical mission tasks. Chapter 10 discusses the course of action sketch. The terminology entries in chapter 1 of this publication fall into three categories: Definitions applicable to the Army only. Joint (DOD) definitions commonly used in Army publications. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) definitions commonly used in Army publications. For each term and definition, a proponent publication is cited in parentheses after the definition.

Definitions applicable to the Army only. The Army definition is preceded by "(Army)" if the term also has a joint definition that differs from the Army definition. (See the definition for "attack position" listed below.)
If the term has no associated joint definition, the Army definition is not preceded by "(Army)". (See the

## Introduction

definition for "situational understanding" listed below.) All Army-unique definitions must be followed by the proponent Army publication in parentheses, as in the following examples:
attack position - (Army) The last position an attacking force occupies or passes through before crossing the line of departure. (ADRP 3-90)
situational understanding - The product of applying analysis and judgment to relevant information to determine the relationship among the operational and mission variables to facilitate decisionmaking. (ADP 5-0)
Definitions that are joint (DOD) and appear in the glossaries of Army publications. Each joint definition is preceded by "(DOD)." A cross-reference such as "See ADRP X-YY" follows the definition, signifying the publication discussing Army usage of the term, as in the following example:
airspace control - (DOD) Capabilities and procedures used to increase operational effectiveness by promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace. (JP 3-52) See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-90, ADRP 5-0, FM 3-52, and FM 3-90-1.

Definitions that are NATO and appear in the glossaries of Army publications. Each NATO definition is preceded by "(NATO)." A cross-reference such as "See ADRP X-YY" follows the definition, signifying the publication discussing Army usage of the term, as in the following example:
explosive ordnance disposal incident - (NATO) The suspected or detected presence of unexploded explosive ordnance, or damaged explosive ordnance, which constitutes a hazard to operations, installations, personnel or material. Not included in this definition are the accidental arming or other conditions that develop during the manufacture of high explosive material, technical service assembly operations or the laying of mines and demolition charges. (STANAG 3680) See ATP 4-32.

DOD and NATO terms with multiple definitions. The related definition number will precede the definition to denote the definition or definitions applicable to Army doctrine. For example the DOD term
"demonstration" has two different definitions (1 and 2) for this term, and the Army only uses definition number 2 in doctrine:
demonstration - (DOD) 2. In military deception, a show of force in an area where a decision is not sought that is made to deceive an adversary. It is similar to a feint but no actual contact with the adversary is intended.

(JP 3-13.4) See FM 3-90-1.

In addition, two other descriptors may appear after a definition: Also called. See also.

Also called. If a term has a shortened form (acronym or abbreviation) approved for doctrinal use, the shortened form appears after the definition, preceded by also called, as in the following example:
after action review - A guided analysis of an organization's performance, conducted at appropriate times during and at the conclusion of a training event or operation with the objective of improving future performance. It includes a facilitator, event participants, and other observers. Also called AAR. (ADRP 7-0)
See also. If related terms are defined elsewhere in ADP 1-02, they are cross-referenced after the definition.

The related terms are bolded and preceded by "See also," as in the following example:
area security - A security task conducted to protect friendly forces, installation routes, and actions within a specific area. (ADRP 3-90) See also area reconnaissance, **security operations**.

The acronym and abbreviation entries listed in section I of chapter 2 are Army and joint. Shortened forms applicable only to Army doctrine are shown in boldface, to distinguish Army from joint usage. Acronyms are added to ADP 1-02 and the online "Army Dictionary" when a defined term has an associated acronym or if an acronym has doctrinal cross branch or functional usage. The cross branch usage criterion for considering an acronym for inclusion is that it must appear in two or more doctrinal publications that are not branch specific or related.

The symbology chapters (chapters 3 through 10) provide detailed requirements for composing and constructing symbols. The rules for building a set of military symbols allow enough flexibility for users to create any symbol to meet their operational needs. Although this publication serves as the Army proponent for military symbols, within DOD MIL-STD 2525D is the proponent for military symbols. This publication compiles control measure symbols. Readers can find defined terms used for symbology in chapter 1, including cross-references to publications that discuss usage of control measure symbols. All control measure symbols in this publication are linked to doctrine. ADP 1-02 is now the proponent of terms for which ADRP 1-02 had been the proponent.

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## Chapter 1 Military Terms

This chapter presents selected military terms.

## A

access control point - A corridor at the installation entrance through which all vehicles and pedestrians must
pass when entering or exiting the installation. (ATP 3-39.32)
accountability - (DOD) The obligation imposed by law or lawful order or regulation on an officer or other
person for keeping accurate record of property, documents, or funds. (JP 1) See ATP 3-06.20.
actions on contact - A series of combat actions, often conducted simultaneously, taken upon contact with the
enemy to develop the situation. (ADRP 3-90)
active air defense - (DOD) Direct defensive action taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of
hostile air and missile threats against friendly forces and assets. (JP 3-01) See ADRP 3-09, ADRP 3-90,
FM 3-01, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-01.94.
active defense - (DOD) The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested
area or position to the enemy. See also passive defense. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-01.94.
act of mercy - (DOD) In personnel recovery, assistance rendered to evaders by an individual or elements of the
local population who sympathize or empathize with the evaders' cause or plight. See also evader; evasion;
recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-50.22.
Adaptive Planning and Execution system - (DOD) A Department of Defense system of joint policies,
processes, procedures, and reporting structures, supported by communications and information technology, that is used by the joint planning and execution community to monitor, plan, and execute mobilization, deployment, employment, sustainment, redeployment, and demobilization activities associated with joint operations. Also called APEX system. (JP 5-0) See ATP 3-05.2.
administrative contracting officer - (DOD) Contracting officers whose primary duties involve contract
administration. Also called ACO. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10.
administrative control - (DOD) Direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other organizations in
respect to administration and support. Also called ADCON. (JP 1) See ADRP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-94,
FM 6-0, ATP 3-53.1.
administrative movement - A movement in which troops and vehicles are arranged to expedite their
movement and conserve time and energy when no enemy ground interference is anticipated. (FM 3-90-2)
advanced force operations - (DOD) Operations conducted to refine the location of specific, identified targets
and further develop the operational environment for near-term missions. Also called AFO. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05.
advanced operations base - A small, temporary base established near or within a joint operations area to
command, control, and support special operations training or tactical operations. (ADRP 3-05)
advanced trauma management - Resuscitative and stabilizing medical or surgical treatment provided to
patients to save life or limb and to prepare them for further evacuation without jeopardizing their well-being or prolonging the state of their condition. (FM 4-02)
adversary - (DOD) A party acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of
force may be envisaged. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-37, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-53, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-20.97, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-53.2.
aerial delivery - The air transport of cargo, equipment and/or personnel to a desired location on the ground by
aircraft. (ATP 4-48)
aerial port - (DOD) An airfield that has been designated for the sustained air movement of personnel and
materiel as well as an authorized port for entrance into or departure from the country where located. Also
called APORT. See also port of debarkation, port of embarkation. (JP 3-17) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-04.7,
ATP 3-17.2.
aeromedical evacuation - (DOD) The movement of patients under medical supervision to and between
medical treatment facilities by air transportation. Also called AE. (JP 4-02) See ATP 4-02.2.
after action review - A guided analysis of an organization's performance, conducted at appropriate times
during and at the conclusion of a training event or operation with the objective of improving future performance. It includes a facilitator, event participants, and other observers. Also called AAR. (FM 7-0)
aimpoint - (DOD) 1. A point associated with a target and assigned for a specific weapon impact. (JP 3-60) See
FM 3-12.
air and missile defense - (DOD) Direct [active and passive] defensive actions taken to destroy, nullify, or
reduce the effectiveness of hostile air and ballistic missile threats against friendly forces and assets. Also called AMD. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.5. (Army) The direct defensive actions taken to protect friendly forces by destroying or reducing the effectiveness of hostile air and ballistic missile threats against friendly forces and assets in support of joint force commanders' objectives.
(ADRP 3-09)
air apportionment - (DOD) The determination and assignment of the total expected effort by percentage
and/or by priority that should be devoted to the various air operations for a given period of time. (JP 3-0) See ATP 3-52.2.
air assault - (DOD) The movement of friendly assault forces by rotary-wing aircraft to engage and destroy
enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. (JP 3-18) See FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 3-99.
air assault force - (DOD) A force composed primarily of ground and rotary-wing air units organized,
equipped, and trained for air assault operations. (JP 3-18) See FM 3-99.
air assault operation - (DOD) An operation in which assault forces, using the mobility of rotary wing assets
and the total integration of available firepower, maneuver under the control of a ground or air maneuver commander to engage enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. (JP 3-18) See FM 3-96, FM 3-99.
airborne assault - (DOD) The use of airborne forces to parachute into an objective area to attack and eliminate
armed resistance and secure designated objectives. (JP 3-18) See FM 3-0, FM 3-96, FM 3-99.
airborne mission coordinator - (DOD) The designated individual that serves as an airborne extension of the
component commander or supported commander responsible for the personnel recovery mission. Also
called AMC. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-55.6.
airborne operation - (DOD) An operation involving the air movement into an objective area of combat forces
and their logistic support for execution of a tactical, operational, or strategic mission. (JP 3-18) See FM 3-96, FM 3-99.
air defense - (DOD) Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the
atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. Also called AD. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-01.18, ATP 3-01.48.
air defense artillery - (DOD) Weapons and equipment for actively combating air targets from the ground.
Also called ADA. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-01.48, ATP 3-01.81.(Army) The defensive measures designated to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack either through surveillance actions or active engagements of aerial threat. (ADRP 3-09)
air defense warning condition - (DOD) An air defense warning given in the form of a color code
corresponding to the degree of air raid probability with yellow standing for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is probable; red for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is imminent or is in progress; and white for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is improbable. Also called ADWC.
(JP 3-01) See ATP 3-01.7.
airdrop - (DOD) The unloading of personnel or materiel from aircraft in flight. (JP 3-17) See ATP 4-48.
airfield - (DOD) An area prepared for the accommodation (including any buildings, installations, and
equipment), landing, and takeoff of aircraft. See also departure airfield; landing area; landing site. (JP 3-17) See FM 3-99, ATP 3-17.2.
air-ground operations - The simultaneous or synchronized employment of ground forces with aviation
maneuver and fires to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative. Also called AGO. (FM 3-04)
airhead - (DOD) 1. A designated area in a hostile or potentially hostile operational area that, when seized and
held, ensures the continuous air landing of troops and materiel and provides the maneuver space necessary for projected operations. Also called a lodgment area. (JP 3-18) See FM 3-99.
airhead line - (DOD) A line denoting the limits of the objective area for an airborne assault. (JP 3-18) See
FM 3-99.
air interdiction - (DOD) Air operations conducted to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy's military
surface capabilities before it can be brought to bear effective against friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives that are conducted at such distances from friendly forces that detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of friendly forces is not required. (JP 3-03) See FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2.
airland - (DOD) Move by air and disembark, or unload, after the aircraft has landed or while an aircraft is
hovering. (JP 3-17) See ATP 4-48.
air liaison officer - (DOD) The senior tactical air control party member attached to a ground unit who
functions as the primary advisor to the ground commander on air power. An air liaison officer is usually an aeronautically rated officer. Also called ALO. (JP 3-09.3) See FM 4-01, FM 6-05, ATP 3-09.42.
Air Mobility Command - (DOD) The Air Force component command of the United States Transportation
Command. Also called AMC. (JP 3-17) See FM 4-01.
air movement - (DOD) Air transport of units, personnel, supplies, and equipment including airdrops and air
landings. (JP 3-17) See FM 3-99, ATP 4-48.
air movements - (Army) Operations involving the use of utility and cargo rotary-wing assets for other than air
assaults. (FM 3-90-2)
airspace control - (DOD) Capabilities and procedures used to increase operational effectiveness by promoting
the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace. (JP 3-52) See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-90, ADRP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-52, and FM 3-90-1.
airspace control authority - (DOD) The commander designated to assume overall responsibility for the
operation of the airspace control system in the airspace control area. Also called ACA. (JP 3-52) See FM 3-01, FM 3-09, FM 3-52, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-52.1, ATP 3-52.2.
airspace control order - (DOD) An order implementing the airspace control plan that provides the details of
the approved requests for airspace coordinating measures. It is published either as part of the air tasking order or as a separate document. Also called ACO. (JP 3-52) See FM 3-09, FM 3-52, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-52.3, ATP 3-60.2.
airspace control plan - (DOD) The document approved by the joint force commander that provides specific
planning guidance and procedures for the airspace control system for the joint force operational area. Also called ACP. (JP 3-52) See FM 3-01, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-52.1, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-52.3.
airspace control system - (DOD) An arrangement of those organizations, personnel, policies, procedures, and
facilities required to perform airspace control functions. Also called ACS. (JP 3-52) See FM 3-52.
airspace coordinating measures - (DOD) Measures employed to facilitate the efficient use of airspace to
accomplish missions and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Also called ACM.
(JP 3-52) See FM 3-09, FM 3-52, FM 3-99, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-52.1, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
airspace coordination area - (DOD) A three-dimensional block of airspace in a target area, established by the
appropriate ground commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. The airspace coordination area may be formal or informal. Also called ACA. (JP 3-09.3) See FM 3-09, FM 3-99, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-09.24.
airspace management - (DOD) The coordination, integration, and regulation of the use of airspace of defined
dimensions. (JP 3-52) See FM 3-52, FM 3-96, ATP 3-01.81.
air support operations center - (DOD) The principal air control agency of the theater air control system
responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat element. Also called ASOC. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-60.2.
air tasking order - (DOD) A method used to task and disseminate to components, subordinate units, and
command and control agencies projected sorties, capabilities and/or forces to targets and specific missions.
Also called ATO. (JP 3-30) See FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-04.64,
ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-60.2.
air terminal - (DOD) A facility on an airfield that functions as an air transportation hub and accommodates the
loading and unloading of airlift aircraft and the intransit processing of traffic. (JP 3-17) See ATP 4-13.
alkalinity - The content of carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides, and occasionally berates, silicates, and
phosphates in water. (ATP 4-44)
alliance - (DOD) The relationship that results from a formal agreement between two or more nations for broad,
long-term objectives that further the common interests of the members. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-16, FM 4-95.
allocation - (DOD) Distribution of limited forces and resources for employment among competing
requirements. (JP 5-0) See FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 2-01.
all-source intelligence - (DOD) 1. Intelligence products and/or organizations and activities that incorporate all
sources of information, most frequently including human intelligence, imagery intelligence, measurement and signature intelligence, signals intelligence, and open-source data in the production of finished intelligence. See FM 3-24, ATP 3-90.1. 2. In intelligence collection, a phrase that indicates that in the satisfaction of intelligence requirements, all collection, processing, exploitation, and reporting systems and
resources are identified for possible use and those most capable are tasked. See also **intelligence**. (JP 2-0)
See ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-90.1. (Army) The integration of intelligence and information from all relevant
sources to analyze situations or conditions that impact operations. (ADRP 2-0)
alternate position - A defensive position that the commander assigns to a unit or weapon for occupation when
the primary position becomes untenable or unsuitable for carrying out the assigned task. (ADRP 3-90)
alternate supply route - A route or routes designated within an area of operations to provide for the movement
of traffic when main supply routes become disabled or congested. Also called ASR. (FM 4-01) See also
area of operations, **main supply route**.
altitude - The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from mean sea
level. (ATP 3-09.30)
ambulance control point - This consists of a Soldier (from the ambulance company or platoon) stationed at a
crossroad or road junction where ambulances may take one of two or more directions to reach loading points. The Soldier, knowing from which location each loaded ambulance has come, directs empty ambulances returning from the rear. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambulance exchange point - A location where a patient is transferred from one ambulance to another en route
to a medical treatment facility. This may be an established point in an ambulance shuttle or it may be designated independently. Also called AXP. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambulance loading point - This is the point in the shuttle system where one or more ambulances are stationed
ready to receive patients for evacuation. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambulance relay point - This is a point in the shuttle system where one or more empty ambulances are
stationed. They are ready to advance to a loading point or to the next relay post to replace an ambulance that has moved. As a control measure, relay points are generally numbers from front to rear. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambulance shuttle system - This is an effective and flexible method of employing ambulances during
operations. It consists of one or more ambulance loading points, relay points, and when necessary, ambulance control points, all echeloned forward from the principal group of ambulances, the company location, or basic relay points as tactically required. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambush - An attack by fire or other destructive means from concealed positions on a moving or temporarily
halted enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
ammunition load - A support package designed or tailored specifically for munitions operations. (ATP 4-35)
ammunition supply point - An ammunition support activity operated by one or more modular ammunition
platoons. (ATP 4-35)
ammunition support activity - Locations that are designated to receive, store, maintain, and provide
munitions support to Army forces. (FM 4-30)
ammunition transfer holding point - A designated site operated by a brigade support battalion distribution
company where ammunition is received, transferred, or temporarily stored to supported units within a brigade combat team. Also called ATHP. (ATP 4-35)
amphibious operation - (DOD) A military operation launched from the sea by an amphibious force, embarked
in ships or craft with the primary purpose of introducing a landing force ashore to accomplish the assigned mission. (JP 3-02) See ATP 3-52.3.
anticipation - The ability to foresee operational requirements and initiate actions that satisfy a response
without waiting for an operation order or fragmentary order. (ADP 4-0)
Antideficiency Act violations - (DOD) The incurring of obligations or the making of expenditure (outlays) in
violation of appropriation law as to purpose, time, and amounts as specified in the defense appropriation or appropriations of funds. (JP 1-06) See ATP 1-06.2
antiterrorism - (DOD) Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to
terrorist acts, to include rapid containment by local military and civilian forces. Also called AT. (JP 3-07.2)
See ATP 2-01.3.
apportionment - (DOD) In the general sense, distribution of forces and capabilities as the starting point for
planning. (JP 5-0) See FM 3-09, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-52.2.
approach march - The advance of a combat unit when direct contact with the enemy is intended. (ADRP 3-90)
area air defense commander - (DOD) The component commander with the preponderance of air defense
capability and the required command, control, and communications capabilities who is assigned by the joint force commander to plan and execute integrated air defense operations. Also called AADC. (JP 3-01) See FM 3-01, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-52.2.
area command - In unconventional warfare, the irregular organizational structure established within an
unconventional warfare operational area to command and control irregular forces advised by Army Special Forces. (ATP 3-05.1)
area defense - A defensive task that concentrates on denying enemy forces access to designated terrain for a
specific time rather than destroying the enemy outright. (ADRP 3-90)
area of influence - (DOD) A geographical area wherein a commander is directly capable of influencing
operations by maneuver or fire support systems normally under the commander's command or control. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-94, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4,
ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-94.2.
area of interest - (DOD) That area of concern to the commander, including the area of influence, areas
adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory. This area also includes areas occupied by enemy forces who could jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission. Also called AOI. (JP 3-0) See ADP 3-0,
ADRP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-90-1, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-01.64, ATP 3-21.20,
ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 4-02.55, ATP 5-0.1.
area of operations - (DOD) An operational area defined by the joint force commander for land and maritime
forces that should be large enough to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. Also called AO. (JP 3-0) See ADP 1-01, ADP 3-0, ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-52,
FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 4-40, FM 6-05, ATP 1-06.3, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-01.64,
ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 4-02.2, ATP 4-94.
area of responsibility - (DOD) The geographical area associated with a combatant command within which a
geographic combatant commander has authority to plan and conduct operations. Also called AOR. (JP 1) See ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 4-43.
area reconnaissance - A form of reconnaissance that focuses on obtaining detailed information about the
terrain or enemy activity within a prescribed area. (ADRP 3-90)
area security - A security task conducted to protect friendly forces, installation routes, and actions within a
specific area. (ADRP 3-90) See also area reconnaissance, **security operations**.
area support - Method of logistics, medical support, and personnel services in which support relationships are
determined by the location of the units requiring support. Sustainment units provide support to units located in or passing through their assigned areas. (ATP 4-90)
ARFOR - The Army component and senior Army headquarters of all Army forces assigned or attached to a
combatant command, subordinate joint force command, joint functional command, or multinational command. (FM 3-94)
Army Civilian Corps - A community within the Army Profession composed of civilians serving in the
Department of the Army. (ADRP 1)
Army core competencies - The Army's essential and enduring capabilities that define the Army's fundamental
contributions to the Nation's security. (ADP 1-01)
Army design methodology - A methodology for applying critical and creative thinking to understand,
visualize, and describe unfamiliar problems and approaches to solving them. (ADP 5-0)
Army doctrine - Fundamental principles, with supporting tactics, techniques, procedures, and terms and
symbols, used for the conduct of operations and which the operating force, and elements of the institutional Army that directly support operations, guide their actions in support of national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment in application. (ADP 1-01)
Army ethic - The evolving set of laws, values, and beliefs, embedded within the Army culture of trust that
motivates and guides the conduct of the Army professionals bound together in common moral purpose. (ADRP 1)
Army Health System - A component of the Military Health System that is responsible for operational
management of the health service support and force health protection missions for training, predeployment, deployment, and postdeployment operations. Army Health System includes all mission support services performed, provided, or arranged by the Army Medical Department to support health service support and force health protection mission requirements for the Army and as directed, for joint, intergovernmental agencies, coalition, and multinational forces. (FM 4-02)
Army leader - Anyone who by virtue of assumed role or assigned responsibility inspires and influences people
to accomplish organizational goals. Army leaders motivate people both inside and outside the chain of command to pursue actions, focus thinking, and shape decisions for the greater good of the organization. (ADP 6-22)
Army personnel recovery - The military efforts taken to prepare for and execute the recovery and
reintegration of isolated personnel. (FM 3-50)
Army Profession - A unique vocation of experts certified in the ethical design, generation, support, and
application of landpower, serving under civilian authority and entrusted to defend the Constitution and the rights and interests of the American people. (ADRP 1)
Army professional - A Soldier or Army Civilian who meets the Army Profession's certification criteria in
character, competence, and commitment. (ADRP 1)
Army requirements review board - The Army force commander's established board to review, validate,
approve, and prioritize selected contract support requests. Also called ARRB. (ATP 4-92)
Army Service component command - (DOD) Command responsible for recommendations to the joint force
commander on the allocation and employment of Army forces within a combatant command. Also called ASCC. (JP 3-31) See FM 3-0, FM 3-94, ATP 3-94.1.
Army special operations aviation - Designated Active Component forces and units organized, trained, and
equipped specifically to conduct air mobility, close air support, and other special air operations. (ADRP 3-05)
Army special operations forces - ((DOD) Those Active and Reserve Component Army forces designated by
the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called ARSOF. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-18, ATP 3-75, ATP 3-76.
Army team building - A continuous process of enabling a group of people to reach their goals and improve
their effectiveness through leadership and various exercises, activities and techniques. (FM 6-22)
artillery target intelligence zone - An area in enemy territory that the commander wishes to monitor closely.
(FM 3-09)
art of command - The creative and skillful exercise of authority through timely decisionmaking and
leadership. (ADP 6-0)
art of tactics - This consists of three interrelated aspects: the creative and flexible array of means to accomplish
assigned missions, decisionmaking under conditions of uncertainty when faced with a thinking and adaptive enemy, and understanding the effects of combat on Soldiers. (ADRP 3-90)
assailable flank - A flank which is exposed to attack or envelopment. (ADRP 3-90) See also **flank**.
assault echelon - (Army) The element of a force that is scheduled for initial assault on the objective area.
(ADP 1-02)
assault position - A covered and concealed position short of the objective, from which final preparations are
made to assault the objective. (ADRP 3-90)
assault time - The moment to attack the initial objective throughout the geographical scope of the operation.
(ADRP 3-90)
assembly area - (Army) An area a unit occupies to prepare for an operation. (FM 3-90-1)
assembly line rigging - A method of mass rigging designed to get the maximum amount of equipment rigged
for airdrop in a minimum amount of time. (ATP 4-48)
assessment - (DOD) 1. A continuous process that measures the overall effectiveness of employing joint force
capabilities during military operations. See FM 3-07, FM 3-24. 2, ATP 3-01.7. 2. Determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or achieving an objective. See ADP 3-37,
ADP 5-0, ADRP 3-37, ADRP 5-0, FM 3-13, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, FM 7-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-01.7,
ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 4-13, ATP 5-0.1, ATP 6-0.5, ATP 6-01.1. 3. Analysis of the security,
effectiveness, and potential of an existing or planned intelligence activity. 4. Judgment of the motives, qualifications, and characteristics of present or prospective employees or "agents." (JP 3-0) See FM 3-07, ATP 3-01.7.
asset visibility - (DOD) Provides users with information on the location, movement, status, and identity of
units, personnel, equipment, and supplies, which facilitates the capability to act upon that information to improve overall performance of the Department of Defense's logistics practices. Also called AV. (JP 3-35) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-35, ATP 4-0.1.
assign - (DOD) 1. To place units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively permanent,
and/or where such organization controls and administers the units or personnel for the primary function, or greater portion of the functions, of the unit or personnel. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0.
assumption - (DOD) A supposition on the current situation or a presupposition on the future course of events,
either or both assumed to be true in the absence of positive proof, necessary to enable the commander in the process of planning to complete an estimate of the situation and make a decision on the course of action. (JP 5-0) See FM 6-0, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 5-0.1.
assured mobility - A frameworkof processes, actions, and capabilitiesthat assures the ability of a force to
deploy, move, and maneuver where and when desired, without interruption or delay, to achieve the mission. (ATP 3-90.4)
attach - (DOD) 1. The placement of units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively
temporary. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0.
attack - An offensive task that destroys or defeats enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both.
(ADRP 3-90) See also defeat, deliberate attack, demonstration, destroy; feint, **offensive operations**,
raid, secure, seize, **spoiling attack**.
attack by fire - A tactical mission task in which a commander uses direct fires, supported by indirect fires, to
engage an enemy force without closing with the enemy to destroy, suppress, fix, or deceive that enemy.
(FM 3-90-1) See also destroy, fix, frontal attack, support by fire, suppress, **tactical mission task**.
attack by fire position - The general position from which a unit conducts the tactical task of attack by fire.
(ADRP 3-90) See also **attack by fire**.
attack guidance matrix - A targeting product approved by the commander, which addresses the how and when
targets are engaged and the desired effects. Also called AGM. (ATP 3-60)
attack position - (Army) The last position an attacking force occupies or passes through before crossing the
line of departure. (ADRP 3-90)
authentication - (DOD) 1. A security measure designed to protect a communications system against
acceptance of a fraudulent transmission or simulation by establishing the validity of a transmission, message, or originator. 2. A means of identifying individuals and verifying their eligibility to receive specific categories of information. 3. Evidence by proper signature or seal that a document is genuine and official. 4. In personnel recovery missions, the process whereby the identity of an isolated person is confirmed. (JP 3-50) See ATP 6-02.53, ATP 3-50.22.
authority - The delegated power to judge, act or command. (ADP 6-0)
auxiliary - For the purpose of unconventional warfare, the support element of the irregular organization whose
organization and operations are clandestine in nature and whose members do not openly indicate their sympathy or involvement with the irregular movement. (ADRP 3-05)
available-to-load date - (DOD) A date specified for each unit in a time-phased force and deployment data
indicating when that unit will be ready to load at the point of embarkation. Also called ALD. (JP 5-0) See FM 4-01.
avenue of approach - (DOD) An air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading to its
objective or to key terrain in its path. Also called AA. (JP 2-01.3) See FM 6-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4.
(Army) The air or ground route leading to an objective (or key terrain in its path) that an attacking force can use. (ADRP 3-90)
axis of advance - (Army) The general area through which the bulk of a unit's combat power must move.
(ADRP 3-90) See also attack, movement to contact, **offensive operations**.
azimuth - A horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line that could be true north, magnetic
north, or grid north. (ATP 3-09.50)
azimuth of fire - The direction, expressed in mils, that a firing unit is laid (oriented) on when it occupies a
position. (ATP 3-09.50)
azimuth of the orienting line - The direction from the orienting station to a designated end of the orienting
line. (ATP 3-09.50)

## B

back-azimuth - The direction equal to the azimuth plus or minus 3200 mils. (ATP 3-09.50) backbrief - A briefing by subordinates to the commander to review how subordinates intend to accomplish
their mission. (FM 6-0)
ballistic missile - (DOD) Any missile which does not rely upon aerodynamic surfaces to produce lift and
consequently follows a ballistic trajectory when thrust is terminated. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.5.
banking support - The provision of cash, non-cash and electronic commerce mechanisms necessary to support
the theater procurement process and host nation banking infrastructure. (FM 1-06)
base - (DOD) A locality from which operations are projected or supported. (JP 4-0) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-14,
FM 4-95, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.20, ATP 3-91, ATP 4-94.
base boundary - (DOD) A line that delineates the surface area of a base for the purpose of facilitating
coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas. (JP 3-10) See
ATP 3-90.20.
base camp - An evolving military facility that supports that military operations of a deployed unit and provides
the necessary support and services for sustained operations. (ATP 3-37.10)
base cluster - (DOD) In base defense operations, a collection of bases, geographically grouped for mutual
protection and ease of command and control. (JP 3-10) See ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.20, ATP 3-91, ATP 4-93.
base cluster commander - (DOD) In base defense operations, a senior base commander designated by the
joint force commander responsible for coordinating the defense of bases within the base cluster and for
integrating defense plans of bases into a base cluster defense plan. (JP 3-10) See ATP 3-90.20.
base cluster operations center - (DOD) A command and control facility that serves as the base cluster
commander's focal point for defense and security of the base cluster. Also called BCOC. (JP 3-10) See ATP 3-90.20.
base defense - (DOD) The local military measures, both normal and emergency, required to nullify or reduce
the effectiveness of enemy attacks on, or sabotage of, a base, to ensure that the maximum capacity of its facilities is available to United States forces. (JP 3-10) See ADRP 3-37, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.20, ATP 3-91.
base defense operations center - (DOD) A command and control facility established by the base commander
to serve as the focal point for base security and defense. Also called BDOC. (JP 3-10) See ATP 3-90.20.
base defense zone - (DOD) An air defense zone established around an air base and limited to the engagement
envelope of short-range air defense weapons systems defending that base. Base defense zones have specific entry, exit, and identification, friend or foe procedures established. Also called BDZ. (JP 3-52) See ATP 3-52.3.
base defense operations - The combined activities of counterintelligence, security, military police, emergency
responders, antiterrorism and force protection working groups, and the commander to deny, disrupt, or counter foreign intelligence entities, insider, and other threats targeting United States bases and facilities. Also called BDO. (ATP 2-22.2-1)
basic load - (DOD) The quantity of supplies required to be on hand within, and which can be moved by, a unit
or formation. It is expressed according to the wartime organization of the unit or formation and maintained at the prescribed levels (JP 4-09). See ATP 3-04.7, ATP 4-35.
battalion - A unit consisting of two or more company-, battery-, or troop-size units and a headquarters.
(ADRP 3-90) See also battery, **company**.
battalion aid station - The forward-most medically staffed treatment location organic to a maneuver battalion.
(ATP 4-02.3)
battalion task force - A maneuver battalion-size unit consisting of a battalion headquarters, at least one
assigned company-size element, and at least one attached company-size element from another maneuver or support unit (functional and multifunctional). (ADRP 3-90)
battery - A company-size unit in a fires or air defense artillery battalion. (ADRP 3-90)
battle - A set of related engagements that lasts longer and involves larger forces than an engagement.
(ADRP 3-90) See also campaign, engagement, **major operation**.
battle damage assessment - (DOD) The estimate of damage composed of physical and functional damage
assessment, as well as target system assessment, resulting from the application of lethal or nonlethal military force. Also called BDA. (JP 3-0) See ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2.
battlefield coordination detachment - (DOD) An Army liaison located in the air operations center that
provides selected operational functions between the Army forces and the air component commander. Also called BCD. (JP 3-03) See FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-09.13, ATP 3-60.2.
battle handover line - A designated phase line on the ground where responsibility transitions from the
stationary force to the moving force and vice versa. Also called BHL. (ADRP 3-90) See also handover
line, **phase line**.
battle injury - (DOD) Damage or harm sustained by personnel during or as a result of battle conditions. Also
called BI. (JP 4-02) See ATP 4-02.55.
battle management - (DOD) The management activities within the operational environment based on the
commands, direction, and guidance given by appropriate authority. Also called BM. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-52.2.
battle position - 1. A defensive location oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach. (ADRP 3-90) 2. For
attack helicopters, an area designated in which they can maneuver and fire into a designated engagement
area or engage targets of opportunity. Also called BP. (ADP 1-02) See also **airspace coordination area**, avenue of approach.
battle rhythm - A deliberate cycle of command, staff, and unit activities intended to synchronize current and
future operations. (FM 6-0)
beach capacity - The per day estimate expressed in terms of measurement tons, weight tons, or cargo unloaded
over a designated strip of shore. (ATP 4-13)
begin morning civil twilight - (DOD) The period of time at which the sun is halfway between beginning
morning and nautical twilight and sunrise, when there is enough light to see objects clearly with the unaided eye. Also called BMCT. (JP 2-01.3) See ATP 2-01.3.
begin morning nautical twilight - (DOD) The start of that period where, in good conditions and in the absence
of other illumination, the sun is 12 degrees below the eastern horizon and enough light is available to identify the general outlines of ground objects and conduct limited military operations. Also called BMNT. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 2-01.3.
be-prepared mission - A mission assigned to a unit that might be executed. (FM 6-0) See also **on-order**
mission.
biological agent - (DOD) A microorganism (or a toxin derived from it) that causes disease in personnel, plants,
or animals or causes the deterioration of materiel. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20.
biological hazard - (DOD) An organism, or substance derived from an organism, that poses a threat to human
or animal health. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20.
biological weapon - (DOD) An item of material which projects, disperses, or disseminates a biological agent
including arthropod vectors. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.84.
biometrics - (DOD) The process of recognizing an individual based on measurable anatomical, physiological,
and behavioral characteristics. (JP 2-0) See FM 3-16, FM 3-24, ATP 2-22.82, ATP 3-55.4, ATP 3-90.15.
biometrics-enabled intelligence - (Army) Intelligence resulting from the combination of biometric
information with other intelligence, threat information, or information relating to other aspects of the operational environment in order to answer intelligence requirements. Also called BEI. (ATP 2-22.82)
blister agent - (DOD) A chemical agent that injures the eyes and lungs, and burns or blisters the skin. Also
called vesicant agent. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
block - A tactical mission task that denies the enemy access to an area or prevents his advance in a direction or
along an avenue of approach. Block is also an obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to stop an attacker along a specific avenue of approach or to prevent the attacking force from passing
through an engagement area. (FM 3-90-1) See also avenue of approach, contain, disrupt, fix, tactical
mission task, **turn**.
blood agent - (DOD) A chemical compound, including the cyanide group, that affects bodily functions by
preventing the normal utilization of oxygen by body tissues. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.85.
blood chit - (DOD) A small sheet of material depicting an American flag and a statement in several languages
to the effect that anyone assisting the bearer to safety will be rewarded. See also evasion aid. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-50.22.
blue kill box - A fire support and airspace coordination measure used to facilitate the attack of surface targets
with air-to-surface munitions without further coordination with the establishing headquarters. Also called BKB. (ATP 3-09.34)
board - A grouping of predetermined staff representatives with delegated decision authority for a particular
purpose or function. (FM 6-0) See also working group, **battle rhythm**.
boost phase - (DOD) That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile or space vehicle during which the booster
and sustainer engines operate. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5.
boundary - (DOD) A line that delineates surface areas for the purpose of facilitating coordination and
deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.48.
bounding overwatch - A movement technique used when contact with enemy forces is expected. The unit
moves by bounds. One element is always halted in position to overwatch another element while it moves. The overwatching element is positioned to support the moving unit by fire or fire and movement.
(FM 3-90-2)
box formation - A unit formation with subordinate elements arranged in a box or square, or two elements up
and two elements back. It is a flexible formation that provides equal firepower in all directions. It is generally used when the enemy location is known. This formation can cause 50 percent of force to be decisively engaged at the same time, therefore limiting the combat power available to maneuver against an
enemy. (FM 3-90-1) See also column formation, **echelon formation**.
branch - (DOD) 1. A subdivision of any organization. See FM 3-07. 2. A geographically separate unit of an
activity, which performs all or part of the primary functions of the parent activity on a smaller scale. See FM 3-07. 3. An arm or service of the Army. See FM 3-07. 4. The contingency options built into the base plan used for changing the mission, orientation, or direction of movement of a force to aid success of the
operation based on anticipated events, opportunities, or disruptions caused by enemy actions and reactions.
(JP 5-0) See FM 3-07, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-01.16.
breach - 1. A tactical mission task in which the unit employs all available means to break through or establish a
passage through an enemy defense, obstacle, minefield, or fortification. (FM 3-90-1) 2. Synchronized
combined arms activity under the control of the maneuver commander conducted to allow maneuver through an obstacle. (ATP 3-90.4)
breach area - The area where a breaching operation occurs. (ATP 3-90.4)
breakbulk ship - (DOD) A ship with conventional holds for stowage of breakbulk cargo and a limited number
of containers, below or above deck, and equipped with cargo-handling gear. (JP 4-09) See FM 4-01.
breakout - An operation conducted by an encircled force to regain freedom of movement or contact with
friendly units. It differs from other attacks only in that a simultaneous defense in other areas of the
perimeter must be maintained. (ADRP 3-90) See also encirclement, follow and support, **main body**.
breakpoint chlorination - The application of chlorine to water containing free ammonia. (ATP 4-44)
breakthrough - A rupturing of the enemy's forward defenses that occurs as a result of a penetration. A
breakthrough permits the passage of an exploitation force. (FM 3-90-1) See also attack, **exploitation**,
penetration.
bridgehead - An area on the enemy's side of the linear obstacle that is large enough to accommodate the
majority of the crossing force, has adequate terrain to permit defense of the crossing sites, provides security of crossing forces from enemy direct fire, and provides a base for continuing the attack. (ATP 3-90.4)
bridgehead force - A force that assaults across a gap to secure the enemy side (the bridgehead) to allow the
buildup and passage of a breakout force during gap crossing. (ATP 3-90.4)
brigade - A unit consisting of two or more battalions and a headquarters company or detachment. (ADRP 3-90)
See also battalion, **division**.
brigade combat team - (Army) A combined arms organization consisting of a brigade headquarters, at least
two maneuver battalions, and necessary supporting functional capabilities. Also called BCT. (ADRP 3-90)
brigade support area - A designated area in which sustainment elements locate to provide support to a
brigade. Also called BSA. (ATP 4-90)
buffer zone - (DOD) 1. A defined area controlled by a peace operations force from which disputing or
belligerent forces have been excluded. Also called area of separation in some United Nations operations.
Also called BZ. See also line of demarcation; peace operations. (JP 3-07.3) See ATP 3-07.31.
bypass - A tactical mission task in which the commander directs his unit to maneuver around an obstacle,
position, or enemy force to maintain the momentum of the operation while deliberately avoiding combat
with an enemy force. (FM 3-90-1) See also **tactical mission task**.
bypass criteria - Measures during the conduct of an offensive operation established by higher headquarters
that specify the conditions and size under which enemy units and contact may be avoided. (ADRP 3-90)
See also **bypass**.

## C

cache - (DOD) A source of subsistence and supplies, typically containing items such as food, water, medical
items, and/or communications equipment, packaged to prevent damage from exposure and hidden in isolated locations by such methods as burial, concealment, and/or submersion, to support isolated personnel. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-05.1.
call for fire - A request for fire containing data necessary for obtaining the required fire on a target. (FM 3-09)
call for fire zone - A radar search area from which the commander wants to attack hostile firing systems.
(FM 3-09)
call forward area - (Army) 1. In gap crossing, the final preparations waiting area within the crossing area
(Marine Corps) 2. The area at the departure airfield where plane loads are assembled in a ready condition
before being directed to the loading ramp area. The joint inspection is conducted in this area. (ATP 3-90.4)
call sign - (DOD) Any combination of characters or pronounceable words, which identifies a communication
facility, a command, an authority, an activity, or a unit; used primarily for establishing and maintaining communications. Also called CS. (JP 3-50) See ATP 6-02.53.
campaign - (DOD) A series of related major operations aimed at achieving strategic and operational objectives
within a given time and space. (JP 5-0) See ADRP 3-0, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-92.
campaign plan - (DOD) A joint operation plan for a series of related major operations aimed at achieving
strategic or operational objectives within a given time and space. (JP 5-0) See FM 6-0.
canalize - (Army) A tactical mission task in which the commander restricts enemy movement to a narrow zone
by exploiting terrain coupled with the use of obstacles, fires, or friendly maneuver. (FM 3-90-1) See also
tactical mission task.
capacity building - The process of creating an environment that fosters host-nation institutional development,
community participation, human resources development, and strengthening of managerial systems. (FM 3-07)
captivity exploitation - The captor's effort to achieve its goals and objectives through the use of propaganda,
interrogation, legal justification, concessions, reprisal, indoctrination, and forced labor against captive
individuals or groups. (ATP 3-50.20)
captured enemy documents and media - Any piece of recorded information previously under enemy control
regardless of its formwritten, printed, engraved, and photographic matter as well as recorded media and media devicesthat pertains to the enemy, weather, or terrain that are under the U.S. Government's physical control and are not publicly available. (ATP 2-91.8)
carrier-owned containers - Containers owned or leased by the ocean liner carrier for the movement of
intermodal cargo. (ATP 4-12)
casualty - (DOD) Any person who is lost to the organization by having been declared dead, duty status -
whereabouts unknown, missing, ill, or injured. (JP 4-02) See ATP 4-02.2, ATP 4-02.55.
casualty evacuation - (DOD) The unregulated movement of casualties that can include movement both to and
between medical treatment facilities. Also called CASEVAC. (JP 4-02) See ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 4-01.45. (Army) Nonmedical units use this to refer to the movement of casualties aboard nonmedical vehicles or aircraft without en route medical care. (FM 4-02)
catastrophic event - (DOD) Any natural or man-made incident, including terrorism, which results in
extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, infrastructure, environment, economy, national morale, and/or government functions. (JP 3-28) See ADRP 3-28.
cell - (DOD) A subordinate organization formed around a specific process, capability, or activity within a
designated larger organization of a joint force commander's headquarters. (JP 3-33) See ATP 3-92.
C-day - (DOD) The unnamed day on which a deployment operation commences or is to commence. (JP 5-0)
See FM 4-01, FM 6-0.
center of gravity - (DOD) The source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or
will to act. Also called COG. (JP 5-0) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-24, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-92, ATP 5-0.1.
censor zone - An area from which radar is prohibited from reporting acquisitions. Normally placed around
friendly weapon systems to prevent them from being acquired by friendly radars. (FM 3-09)
certification - Verification and validation of an Army professional's character, competence, and commitment
to fulfill responsibilities and successfully perform assigned duty with discipline and to standard. (ADRP 1)
character - Dedication and adherence to the Army Ethic, including Army Values, as consistently and faithfully
demonstrated in decisions and actions. (ADRP 1)
characteristic - A feature or quality that marks an organization or function as distinctive or is representative of
that organization or function. (ADP 1-01)
checkpoint - A predetermined point on the ground used to control movement, tactical maneuver, and
orientation. Also called CP. (ATP 3-50.20)
chemical agent - (DOD) A chemical substance that is intended for use in military operations to kill, seriously
injure, or incapacitate mainly through its physiological effects. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 4-02.85.
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear consequence management - Chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear consequence management consists of actions taken to plan, prepare, respond to, and recover from chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incidents that require force and resource allocation beyond passive defense capabilities. (FM 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense - (Army) Chemical, biological, radiological, and
nuclear active defense comprises measures taken to defeat an attack with chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons by employing actions to divert, neutralize, or destroy those weapons or their means of delivery while en route to their target. (FM 3-11) (DOD) Measures taken to minimize or negate the vulnerabilities and/or effects of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear hazard incident. Also called CBRN defense. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-21.20, ATP 4-02.84.
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environment - (DOD) An operational environment that
includes chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards and their potential resulting effects. Also called CBRN environment. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-21.20.
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazard - (DOD) Chemical, biological, radiological, and
nuclear elements that could create adverse effects due to an accidental or deliberate release and dissemination. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20.
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear operations - Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
operations include the employment of tactical capabilities that counter the entire range of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards through weapons of mass destruction proliferation prevention; weapons of mass destruction counterforce; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense; and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear consequence management activities. Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear operations support operational and strategic objectives to combat weapons of mass destruction and operate safely in a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
environment. (FM 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear responders - Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
responders are Department of Defense military and civilian personnel who are trained to respond to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incidents and certified to operate safely at the awareness, operations, technician, or installation level according to Section 120, Part 1910, Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations and National Fire Protection Association 472. (FM 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats - Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
threats include the intentional employment of, or intent to employ, weapons or improvised devices to produce chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards. (FM 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident - (DOD) Any occurrence, resulting from the use of
chemical, biological radiological and nuclear weapons and devices; the emergence of secondary hazards arising from counterforce targeting; or the release of toxic industrial materials into the environment, involving the emergence of chemical biological, radiological and nuclear hazards. (JP 3-11) See ADP 3-28, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 4-02.3.
chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear sample management - Chemical, biological, radiological, or
nuclear sample management is the process whereby chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear samples are collected, packaged, transported, stored, transferred, analyzed, tracked, and disposed. It begins with the decision to collect chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear samples and continues to the reporting of
information produced by the final analysis of that sample. This process includes safeguarding and
prioritizing chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear samples, tracking their movements and analytical status, and reporting the end result of sample analysis. The chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear sample management process establishes procedures, guidelines, and constraints at staff and unit levels to protect and preserve the integrity of chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear samples that may have tactical, operational, and/or strategic implications. (ATP 3-11.37)
chemical hazard - (DOD) Any chemical manufactured, used, transported, or stored that can cause death or
other harm through toxic properties of those materials, including chemical agents and chemical weapons prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention as well as toxic industrial chemicals. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.85.
chemical warfare - (DOD) All aspects of military operations involving the employment of lethal and
incapacitating munitions/agents and the warning and protective measures associated with such offensive operations. Also called CW. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 4-02.85.
chemical weapon - (DOD)Together or separately, (a) a toxic chemical and its precursors, except when
intended for a purpose not prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention; (b) a munition or device, specifically designed to cause death or other harm through toxic properties of those chemicals specified in (a), above, which would be released as a result of the employment of such munition or device; (c) any equipment specifically designed for use directly in connection with the employment of munitions or devices specified in (b), above. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
chief of fires - The senior fires officer at division and higher headquarters level who is responsible for advising the commander on the best use of available fire support resources, providing input to necessary orders, and developing and implementing the fires support plan. (ADRP 3-09)

chief of mission - (DOD) The principal officer in charge of a diplomatic facility of the United States, including
any individual assigned temporarily to be in charge of such a facility. Also called COM. (JP 3-08) See FM 3-53.
chief train dispatcher - Supervises train movement, reroutes rail traffic in emergencies, determines train
tonnage, orders motive power, determines rail line capacity, and establishes train movement priority. (ATP 4-14)
choking agent - A chemical warfare agent which produces irritation to the eyes and upper respiratory tract and
damage to the lungs, primarily causing pulmonary edema. Also known as lung-damaging agent.
(ATP 4-02.85)
civil administration - (DOD) An administration established by a foreign government in (1) friendly territory,
under an agreement with the government of the area concerned, to exercise certain authority normally the function of the local government; or (2) hostile territory, occupied by United States forces, where a foreign government exercises executive, legislative, and judicial authority until an indigenous civil government can be established. Also called CA. (JP 3-05) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80.
civil affairs - (DOD) Designated Active and Reserve Component forces and units organized, trained, and
equipped specifically to conduct civil affairs operations and to support civil-military operations. Also called CA. (JP 3-57) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-18, FM 3-57, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80.
civil affairs operations - (DOD) Actions planned, executed, and assessed by civil affairs forces that enhance
awareness of and manage the interaction with the civil component of the operational environment; identify and mitigate underlying causes of instability within civil society; or involve the application of functional specialty skills normally the responsibility of civil government. Also called CAO. (JP 3-57) See
ADRP 3-05, FM 1-04, FM 3-07, FM 3-18, FM 3-57, ATP 1-06.2, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-57.10,
ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80.
civil affairs operations project management - The six step process by which civil affairs forces identify,
validate, plan, coordinate, facilitate, and monitor both material and nonmaterial civil affairs operations projects to achieve a supported commander's objectives relating to the civil component of the operational environment. (FM 3-57)
civil assistance - Assistance, based on a commander's decision, in which life-sustaining services are provided,
order is maintained, and/or goods and services are distributed within the commander's assigned area of operations. (FM 3-57)
civil augmentation program - (DOD) Standing, long-term external support contacts designed to augment
Service logistic capabilities with contract support in both preplanned and short notice contingencies. Also called CAP. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10.
civil authorities - (DOD) Those elected and appointed officers and employees who constitute the government
of the United States, the governments of the 50 states, the District of Colombia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, United States possessions and territories, and political subdivisions thereof. (JP 3-28) See ADP 3-28, FM 3-53, ATP 2-91.7.
civil authority information support - (DOD) Department of Defense information activities conducted under a
designated lead federal agency or other United States civil authority to support dissemination of public or other critical information during domestic emergencies. Also called CAIS. (JP 3-13.2) See FM 3-53.
civil considerations - The influence of manmade infrastructure, civilian institutions, and attitudes and activities
of the civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within an area of operations on the conduct of military operations. (ADRP 5-0)
civilian internee - (DOD) A civilian who is interned during armed conflict, occupation, or other military
operation for security reasons, for protection, or because he or she committed an offense against the detaining power. Also called CI. (DODD 2310.01E) See FM 1-04.
civil information - (DOD) Relevant data relating to the civil areas, structures, capabilities, organizations,
people, and events of the civil component of the operational environment used to support the situational awareness of the supported commander. (JP 3-57) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.70.
civil information management - (DOD) Process whereby data relating to the civil component of the
operational environment is gathered, collated, processed, analyzed, produced into information products,
and disseminated. Also called CIM. (JP 3-57) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.70.
civil liaison team - Provides limited civil-military interface capability as a spoke for exchange of information
between indigenous populations and institutions, intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and other governmental agencies, and has limited capability to link resources to prioritized requirements. The civil liaison team is a stand-alone team for the civil-military operations center. It provides the supported level civil-military operations center with a storefront for civil affairs operations and civil-military operations coordination capability without interfering with the regular staff functions. Also called CLT. (FM 3-57)
civil-military engagement - A formal program that facilitates the U.S. interagency, host nation indigenous
authorities, select intergovernmental and nongovernmental partners, and the private sector to build, replace, repair, and sustain civil capabilities and capacities that eliminate, reduce, or mitigate civil vulnerabilities to local regional populations. Civil-military engagement is a globally synchronized and regionally coordinated program of country-specific and regional actions executed through and with indigenous and U.S. interagency partners to eliminate the underlying conditions and core motivations for local and regional population support to violent extremist organizations and the networks. Also called CME. (FM 3-57)
civil-military operations - (DOD) Activities of a commander performed by designated civil affairs or other
military forces that establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between military forces, indigenous populations, and institutions, by directly supporting the attainment of objectives relating to the reestablishment or maintenance of stability within a region or host nation. Also called CMO. (JP 3-57) See
ADRP 3-05, FM 3-57, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60,
ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 6-0.5.
civil-military operations center (DOD) An organization normally comprised of civil affairs, established to
plan and facilitate coordination of activities of the Armed Forces of the United States with indigenous populations and institutions, the private sector, intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, multinational forces, and other governmental agencies in support of the joint force commander. Also called CMOC. (JP 3-57) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70.
civil-military support element - A tasked-organized civil affairs force that conducts civil-military engagement
in a specified country or region. A civil-military support element is composed of a persistent-presence element of civil affairs leaders/planners, and a presence-for-purpose element composed of a civil affairs team(s) that may include enablers (for example, health service support, engineer, etc.) who are task organized for a specific time to execute a coordination mission. Also called CMSE. (FM 3-57)
civil reconnaissance - (DOD) A targeted, planned, and coordinated observation and evaluation of specific civil
aspects of the environment such as areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, or events. Also called CR. (JP 3-57) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70.
Civil Reserve Air Fleet - (DOD) A program in which the Department of Defense contracts for the services of
specific aircraft, owned by a United States entity or citizen, during national emergencies and defense-oriented situations when expanded civil augmentation of military airlift activity is required. Also called CRAF. (JP 3-17) See FM 4-01.
clandestine - (DOD) Any activity or operation sponsored or conducted by governmental departments or
agencies with the intent to assure secrecy and concealment. (JP 2-01.2) See ATP 3-05.20.
clandestine operation - (DOD) An operation sponsored or conducted by governmental departments or
agencies in such a way as to assure secrecy or concealment. (JP 3-05) See FM 3-18, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-53.1.
classes of supply - (DOD) The ten categories into which supplies are grouped in order to facilitate supply
management and planning. I. Rations and gratuitous issue of health, morale, and welfare items. II. Clothing, individual equipment, tentage, tool sets, and administrative and housekeeping supplies and equipment. III. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants. IV. Construction materials. V. Ammunition. VI. Personal demand items. VII. Major end items, including tanks, helicopters, and radios. VIII. Medical. IX. Repair parts and components for equipment maintenance. X. Nonstandard items to support nonmilitary programs
such as agriculture and economic development. (JP 4-09) [*Note.* Army doctrine also includes a
miscellaneous category comprising water, captured enemy material, and salvage material.] See ADRP 4-0, ATP 3-35.
clear - A tactical mission task that requires the commander to remove all enemy forces and eliminate organized
resistance within an assigned area. (FM 3-90-1) See also reduce, **tactical mission task**.
clearance of fires - The process by which the supported commander ensures that fires or their effects will have
no unintended consequences on friendly units or the scheme of maneuver. (FM 3-09)
clearing - A mobility task that involves the elimination or neutralization of an obstacle that is usually
performed by follow-on engineers and is not done under fire. (ATP 3-90.4)
close air support - (DOD) Air action by fixed and rotary wing aircraft against hostile targets that are in close
proximity to friendly forces and that require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces. Also called CAS. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-09, FM 3-99, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-20.97, ATP 3-21.18, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-91.1, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-01.45.
close area - The portion of a commander's area of operations assigned to subordinate maneuver forces.
(ADRP 3-0)
close combat - Warfare carried out on land in a direct-fire fight, supported by direct and indirect fires, and
other assets. (ADRP 3-0)
close quarters battle - Sustained combative tactics, techniques, and procedures employed by small, highly
trained special operations forces using special purpose weapons, munitions, and demolitions to recover specified personnel, equipment, or material. (ADRP 3-05)
close support - (DOD) That action of the supporting force against targets or objectives which are sufficiently
near the supported force as to require detailed integration or coordination of the supporting action. (JP 3-31) See FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0.
coalition - (DOD) An arrangement between two or more nations for common action. (JP 5-0) See ADRP 3-0,
FM 4-95, FM 3-16, FM 3-07.
code word - (DOD) 1. A word that has been assigned a classification and a classified meaning to safeguard
intentions and information regarding a classified plan or operation. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-50.22.
collaborative planning - Commanders, subordinate commanders, staffs, and other partners sharing
information, knowledge, perceptions, ideas, and concepts regardless of physical location throughout the planning process. (ADRP 5-0)
collateral damage - (DOD) Unintentional or incidental injury or damage to persons or objects that would not
be lawful military targets in the circumstances ruling at the time. (JP 3-60) See FM 3-09, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2.
collection management - (DOD) In intelligence usage, the process of converting intelligence requirements into
collection requirements, establishing priorities, tasking or coordinating with appropriate collection sources or agencies, monitoring results, and retasking, as required. (JP 2-0) See ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6.
collection point(s) **(patient or casualty)** - A specific location where casualties are assembled to be transported
to a medical treatment facility. It is usually predesignated and may or may not be staffed. (FM 4-02)
collective protection - (DOD) The protection provided to a group of individuals that permits relaxation of
individual chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear protection. Also called COLPRO. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11.
column formation - The column formation is a combat formation in which elements are placed one behind the
other. (FM 3-90-1)
combat assessment - (DOD) The determination of the overall effectiveness of force employment during
military operations. Combat assessment is composed of three major components: (a) battle damage assessment; (b) munitions effectiveness assessment; and (c) reattack recommendation. Also called CA.
(JP 3-60) See ATP 3-92.
combat and operational stress control - A coordinated program for the prevention of and actions taken by
military leadership to prevent, identify, and manage adverse combat and operational stress reactions in units. (FM 4-02)
combatant command - (DOD) A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission under a
single commander established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also called CCMD. (JP 1) See FM 3-0, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-34.84.
combatant command (command authority) - (DOD) Nontransferable command authority, which cannot be
delegated, of a combatant commander to perform those functions of command over assigned forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces; assigning tasks; designating objectives; and giving authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations, joint training, and logistics necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the command. Also called COCOM. (JP 1) See ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-52.3, ATP 4-43.
combatant commander - (DOD) A commander of one of the unified or specified combatant commands
established by the President. Also called CCDR. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-53, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-90.20.
combatant command historian - The senior joint historian with overall staff responsibility for developing
historical policy and plans for the combatant command and executing joint historical operations within the
combatant command's area of responsibility. (ATP 1-20)
combat camera - (DOD) Specially-trained expeditionary forces from Service-designated units capable of
providing high-quality directed visual information during military operations. Also called COMCAM. (JP-3-61) See ATP 3-07.31.
combat formation - A combat formation is an ordered arrangement of forces for a specific purpose and the
general configuration of a unit on the ground. (ADRP 3-90)
combat identification - (DOD) The process of attaining an accurate characterization of detected objects in the
operational environment sufficient to support an engagement decision. Also called CID. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.1.
combat information - (DOD) Unevaluated data, gathered by or provided directly to the tactical commander
which, due to its highly perishable nature or the criticality of the situation, cannot be processed into tactical intelligence in time to satisfy the user's tactical intelligence requirements. (JP 2-01) See ADRP 2-0,
ADRP 3-90, FM 2-0, ATP 3-55.4.
combat lifesaver - A nonmedical Soldier trained to provide enhanced first aid as a secondary mission.
Normally, one member of each squad, team, or crew is trained. (FM 4-02)
combat load - The minimum mission-essential equipment and supplies as determined by the commander
responsible for carrying out the mission, required for Soldiers to fight and survive immediate combat operations. (FM 4-40)
combat observation and lasing team - A field artillery team controlled at the brigade level that is capable of
day and night target acquisition and has both laser range finding and laser-designating capabilities. Also called COLT. (ADRP 3-09)
combat outpost - A reinforced observation post capable of conducting limited combat operations. (FM 3-90-2)
combat patrol - A patrol that provides security and harasses, destroys, or captures enemy troops, equipment, or
installations. (ATP 3-21.8)
combat power - (DOD) The total means of destruction and/or disruptive force which a military unit/formation
can apply against the opponent at a given time. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-07, ATP 3-90.5. (Army) The total means of destructive, constructive, and information capabilities that a military unit or formation can apply at a given time. (ADRP 3-0)
combat search and rescue - (DOD) The tactics, techniques, and procedures performed by forces to effect the
recovery of isolated personnel during combat. Also called CSAR. (JP 3-50) See ADRP 3-05.
combination yard - Yard that is a combination of receiving, classifying, and departure facilities. (ATP 4-14)
combined arms - The synchronized and simultaneous application of arms to achieve an effect greater than if
each arm was used separately or sequentially. (ADRP 3-0)
combined arms team - (DOD) The full integration and application of two or more arms or elements of one
Service into an operation. (JP 3-18) See ATP 3-01.81. (Army) Two or more arms mutually supporting one another, usually consisting of a mixture of infantry, armor, aviation, field artillery, air defense artillery, and engineers. (ADRP 3-90)
command - (DOD) 1. The authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over subordinates
by virtue of rank or assignment. See ADP 6-0, ADP 6-22, ADRP 3-0, ADRP 6-0, FM 3-24, ATP 3-92. 2. An order given by a commander; that is, the will of the commander expressed for the purpose of bringing about a particular action. 3. A unit or units, an organization, or an area under the command of one individual. Also called CMD. (JP-1). See FM 3-07.
command and control - (DOD) The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander
over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Also called C2. (JP 1). See FM 3-07, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-52.3, ATP 3-92.
command and control system - (DOD) The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures, and personnel
essential to a commander for planning, directing, and controlling operations of assigned and attached forces
pursuant to the missions assigned. (JP 6-0) See ATP 3-52.2.
commander's communication synchronization - (DOD) A process to coordinate and synchronize narratives,
themes, messages, images, operations, and actions to ensure their integrity and consistency to the lowest tactical level across all relevant communication activities. Also called CCS. (JP 3-61) See FM 3-13.
commander's critical information requirement - (DOD) An information requirement identified by the
commander as being critical to facilitating timely decision making. Also called CCIR. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 5-0, FM 3-13, FM 3-98, FM 4-40, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.4, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-93.
commander's intent - (DOD) A clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired
military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commander's desired results without further orders, even when
the operation does not unfold as planned. (JP 3-0) See ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-28, ADRP 5-0, ADRP 6-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-09, FM 3-13, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-94.
commander's visualization - The mental process of developing situational understanding, determining desired
end state, and envisioning an operational approach by which the force will achieve that end state. (ADP 5-0)
command group - The commander and selected staff members who assist the commander in controlling
operations away from a command post. (FM 6-0)
command post - A unit headquarters where the commander and staff perform their activities. Also called CP.
(FM 6-0)
command post cell - A grouping of personnel and equipment organized by warfighting function or by planning
horizon to facilitate the exercise of mission command. (FM 6-0)
command relationships - (DOD) The interrelated responsibilities between commanders, as well as the
operational authority exercised by commanders in the chain of command; defined further as combatant command (command authority), operational control, tactical control, or support. (JP 1) See ATP 3-52.2.
commitment - Resolve to contribute honorable service to the Nation, and accomplish the mission despite
adversity, obstacles, and challenges. (ADRP 1)
committed force - A force in contact with an enemy or deployed on a specific mission or course of action
which precludes its employment elsewhere. (ADRP 3-90) See also attack, **decisive engagement**.
common control - The horizontal and vertical map or chart location of points in the target and position area,
tied in with the horizontal and vertical control in use by two or more units. (ATP 3-09.02)
common deflection - The deflection, which may vary based on the weapon's sight system, corresponding to
the firing unit's azimuth of fire. (ATP 3-09.50)
common grid - Refers to all firing and target-locating elements within a unified command located and
oriented, to prescribed accuracies, with respect to a single three-dimensional datum. (ATP 3-09.02)
common operational picture - (DOD) A single identical display of relevant information shared by more than
one command that facilitates collaborative planning and assists all echelons to achieve situational awareness. (JP 3-0) See ATP 2.22.7, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-52.2. (Army) A single display of relevant
information within a commander's area of interest tailored to the user's requirements and based on
common data and information shared by more than one command. Also called COP. (ADRP 6-0)
common sensor boundary - A line (depicted by a series of grid coordinates, grid line, phase line or major
terrain feature) established by the force counterfire headquarters that divides target acquisition search areas into radar acquisition management areas. (FM 3-09)
common tactical picture - (DOD) An accurate and complete display of relevant tactical data that integrates
tactical information from the multi-tactical data link network, ground network, intelligence network, and
sensor networks. Also called CTP. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-01.15.
common-user land transportation - (DOD) Point-to-point land transportation service operated by a single
Service for common use by two or more Services. Also called CULT. (JP 4-01.5) See ATP 3-35, ATP 4-0.1.
common-user logistics - (DOD) Materiel or service support shared with or provided by two or more Services,
Department of Defense agencies, or multinational partners to another Service, Department of Defense agency, non-Department of Defense agency, and/or multinational partner in an operation. Also called CUL. (JP 4-09) See FM 3-0, ATP 3-93, ATP 4-93.
communications network - (DOD) An organization of stations capable of intercommunications, but not
necessarily on the same channel. Also called COMNET. (JP 6-0) See ATP 6-02.53.
communications security - (DOD) The protection resulting from all measures designed to deny unauthorized
persons information of value that might be derived from the possession and study of telecommunications, or to mislead unauthorized persons in their interpretation of the results of such possession and study. Also called COMSEC. (JP 6-0) See FM 6-02, ATP 3-05.60, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.75.
company - A company is a unit consisting of two or more platoons, usually of the same type, with a
headquarters and a limited capacity for self-support. (ADRP 3-90)
company team - A combined arms organization formed by attaching one or more nonorganic armor,
mechanized infantry, Stryker infantry, or light infantry platoons to a tank, mechanized infantry, Stryker, or infantry company either in exchange for, or in addition to its organic platoons. (ADRP 3-90)
competence - Demonstrated ability to successfully perform duty with discipline and to standard. (ADRP 1)
complex terrain - A geographical area consisting of an urban center larger than a village and/or of two or more
types of restrictive terrain or environmental conditions occupying the same space. (ATP 3-34.80)
comprehensive approach - An approach that integrates the cooperative efforts of the departments and
agencies of the United States Government, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, multinational partners, and private sector entities to achieve unity of effort toward a shared goal. (FM 3-07)
concealment - Protection from observation or surveillance. (FM 3-96) concept of operations - (DOD) A verbal or graphic statement that clearly and concisely expresses what the
joint force commander intends to accomplish and how it will be done using available resources. (JP 5-0)
See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-90, FM 3-07, ATP 3-52.2, FM 3-53, FM 3-90-1, FM 6-05. (Army) A statement
that directs the manner in which subordinate units cooperate to accomplish the mission and establishes the sequence of actions the force will use to achieve the end state. (ADRP 5-0) See also commander's intent, operation plan.
concept plan - (DOD) In the context of joint operation planning level 3 planning detail, an operation plan in an
abbreviated format that may require considerable expansion or alteration to convert it into a complete operation plan or operation order. Also called CONPLAN. (JP 5-0) See FM 6-0.
confined space - An area large enough and so configured that a member can bodily enter and perform assigned
work, but which has limited or restricted means for entry and exit and is not designed for continuous human occupancy. (ATP 3-11.23)
confirmation brief - A briefing subordinate leaders give to the higher commander immediately after the
operation order is given. It is their understanding of his intent, their specific tasks, and the relationship between their mission and the other units in the operation. (ADRP 5-0) See also **commander's intent**,
operation order.
conflict prevention - (DOD) A peace operation employing complementary diplomatic, civil, and, when
necessary, military means, to monitor and identify the causes of conflict, and take timely action to prevent the occurrence, escalation, or resumption of hostilities. (JP 3-07.3) See ATP 3-07.31.
conflict transformation - The process of reducing the means and motivations for violent conflict while
developing more viable, peaceful alternatives for the competitive pursuit of political and socio-economic
aspirations. (FM 3-07)
consolidate gains - The activities to make permanent any temporary operational success and set the conditions
for a sustainable stable environment allowing for a transition of control to legitimate civil authorities. (ADRP 3-0)
consolidation - Organizing and strengthening in newly captured position so that it can be used against the
enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
constraint - (Army) A restriction placed on the command by a higher command. A constraint dictates an action
or inaction, thus restricting the freedom of action a subordinate commander. (FM 6-0)
contact point - (DOD) In land warfare, a point on the terrain, easily identifiable, where two or more units are
required to make contact. Also called CP. (JP 3-50) See FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1.
contain - A tactical mission task that requires the commander to stop, hold, or surround enemy forces or to
cause them to center their activity on a given front and prevent them from withdrawing any part of their forces for use elsewhere. (FM 3-90-1)
container - (DOD) An article of transport equipment that meets American National Standards
Institute/International Organization for Standardization standards that is designed to facilitate and optimize the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transportation without intermediate handling of the contents. (JP 4-01) See FM 4-01.
container control officer - (DOD) A designated official (E6 or above or civilian equivalent) within a
command, installation, or activity who is responsible for control, reporting, use, and maintenance of all Department of Defense-owned and controlled intermodal containers and equipment. This officer has custodial responsibility for containers from time received until dispatched. Also called CCO. (JP 4-09) See ATP 4-12.
container management - The process of establishing and maintaining visibility and accountability of all cargo
containers moving within the Defense Transportation System. (ADP 4-0)
contaminated remains - (DOD) Remains of personnel which have absorbed or upon which have been
deposited radioactive material, or biological or chemical agents. (JP 4-06) See ATP 3-05.11.
contamination - (DOD) 1. The deposit, absorption, or adsorption of radioactive material, or of biological or
chemical agents on or by structures, areas, personnel, or objects. 2. Food and/or water made unfit for
consumption by humans or animals because of the presence of environmental chemicals, radioactive elements, bacteria or organisms, the byproduct or the growth of bacteria or organisms, the decomposing material (to include the food substance itself), or waste in the food or water. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.84, ATP 4-44.
contamination control - (DOD) A combination of preparatory and responsive measures designed to limit the
vulnerability of forces to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and toxic industrial hazards and to avoid, contain, control exposure to, and, where possible, neutralize them. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.84.
contamination mitigation - (DOD) The planning and actions taken to prepare for, respond to, and recover
from contamination associated with all chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards
in order to continue military operations. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-21.20.
contiguous area of operations - An area of operations where all of a commander's subordinate forces' areas of
operations share one or more common boundary. (FM 3-90-1) See also area of operations, **boundary**.
contingency - (DOD) A situation requiring military operations in response to natural disasters, terrorists,
subversives, or as otherwise directed by appropriate authority to protect United States interests. (JP 5-0) See ATP 3-90.20.
continental system - A diesel or electric locomotive classification system that uses letters and figures to
identify them by their axles. (ATP 4-14)
continuity - The uninterrupted provision of sustainment. (ADP 4-0) continuity of care - Attempt to maintain the role of care during movement between roles at least equal to the
role of care at the originating role. (FM 4-02)
continuous tractive effort - The effort required to keep a train rolling after it has started. Also called CTE.
(ATP 4-14)
contract administration - (DOD) A subset of contracting that includes efforts to ensure that supplies, services,
and construction are delivered in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10.
contracting officer - (DOD) The Service member or Department of Defense civilian with the legal authority to
enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts. (JP 4-10) See ATP 1-06.2, ATP 4-10.
contracting officer representative - (DOD) A Service member or Department of Defense civilian or a foreign
government civilian or military member appointed in writing and trained by a contracting officer, responsible for monitoring contract performance and performing other duties specified by their appointment letter. Also called COR. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10.
contracting support operations - The staff section that oversees contracting operations and leads external
coordination efforts. Also called CSPO. (ATP 4-92)
contractor management - (DOD) The oversight and integration of contractor personnel and associated
equipment providing support to the joint force in a designated operational area. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10.
contractors authorized to accompany the force - (DOD) Contingency contractor employees and all tiers of
subcontractor employees who are authorized to accompany the force in applicable contingency operations and have afforded such status through the issuance of a letter of authorization. Also called CAAF. (JP 4-10) See ATP 3-50.20, ATP 4-10.
control - (DOD) 1. The regulation of forces and warfighting functions to accomplish the mission in accordance
with the commander's intent. (ADP 6-0) 2. A tactical mission task that requires the commander to maintain physical influence over a specified area to prevent its use by an enemy or to create conditions necessary for
successful friendly operations. (FM 3-90-1) 3. An action taken to eliminate a hazard or reduce its risk.
(ATP 5-19)
controlled supply rate - The rate of ammunition consumption that can be supported, considering availability,
facilities, and transportation. It is expressed in rounds per unit, individual, or vehicle per day. (ATP 3-09.23)
control measure - A means of regulating forces or warfighting functions. (ADRP 6-0)
conventional forces - (DOD) 1. Those forces capable of conducting operations using nonnuclear weapons; 2.
Those forces other than designated special operations forces. Also called CF. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-53, FM 6-05, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-53.2.
convoy - (DOD) 2. A group of vehicles organized for the purpose of control and orderly movement with or
without escort protection that moves over the same route at the same time and under one commander. (JP 3-02.1) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-18.14, ATP 4-01.45.
convoy escort - (DOD) 2. An escort to protect a convoy of vehicles from being scattered, destroyed, or
captured. (JP 4-01.5) See ATP 4-01.45.
convoy security - A specialized area security task conducted to protect convoys. (ATP 3-91)
coordinated fire line - (DOD) A line beyond which conventional surface-to-surface direct fire and indirect fire
support means may fire at any time within the boundaries of the establishing headquarters without additional coordination. Also called CFL. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-09.34.
coordinating altitude - (DOD) An airspace coordinating measure that uses altitude to separate users and as the
transition between different airspace coordinating entities. Also called CA. (JP 3-52) See FM 3-09,
ATP 3-04.64.
coordinating authority - (DOD) The commander or individual who has the authority to require consultation
between the specific functions or activities involving forces of two or more Services, joint force components, or forces of the same Service or agencies, but does not have the authority to compel agreement. (JP 1) See FM 3-0.
cordon and search - A technique of conducting a movement to contact that involves isolating a target area and
searching suspect locations within that target area to capture or destroy possible enemy forces and
contraband. (FM 3-90-1)
cordon security - The security provided between two combat outposts positioned to provide mutual support.
(ATP 3-91)
core competency - An essential and enduring capability that a branch or an organization provides to Army
operations. (ADP 1-01)
counterair - (DOD) A mission that integrates offensive and defensive operations to attain and maintain a
desired degree of air superiority and protection by neutralizing or destroying enemy aircraft and missiles, both before and after launch. (JP 3-01) FM 3-01, FM 3-09, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15.
counterattack - Attack by part or all of a defending force against an enemy attacking force, for such specific
purposes as regaining ground lost, or cutting off or destroying enemy advance units, and with the general objective of denying to the enemy the attainment of the enemy's purpose in attacking. In sustained
defensive operations, it is undertaken to restore the battle position and is directed at limited objectives. (ADP 1-02)
counterfire - (DOD) Fire intended to destroy or neutralize enemy weapons. (JP 3-09) See ADRP 3-09,
FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-09.12, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42.
countering weapons of mass destruction - (DOD) Efforts against actors of concern to curtail the
conceptualization, development, possession, proliferation, use, and effects of weapons of mass destruction, related expertise, materials, technologies, and means of delivery. Also called CWMD. (JP 3-40) See ATP 3-21.20.
counterinsurgency - (DOD) Comprehensive civilian and military efforts designed to simultaneously defeat
and contain insurgency and address its root causes. Also called COIN. (JP 3-24) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, ADRP 3-07, FM 3-05, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.6,
ATP 3-57.30, ATP 4-14.
counterintelligence - (DOD) Information gathered and activities conducted to identify, deceive, exploit,
disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons or their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities. Also called CI. (JP 2-01.2) See FM 3-16, ATP 2-22.2-1, ATP 3-05.20.
countermeasures - (DOD) That form of military science that, by the employment of devices and/or techniques,
has as its objective the impairment of the operational effectiveness of enemy activity. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12.
countermobility operations - (DOD) The construction of obstacles and emplacement of minefields to delay,
disrupt, and destroy the enemy by reinforcement of the terrain. (JP 3-34) See ATP 3-90.8, ATP 3-92. (Army/Marine Corps) Those combined arms activities that use or enhance the effects of natural and
man-made obstacles to deny enemy freedom of movement and maneuver. (ATP 3-90.8) See also **destroy**, disrupt.
counterpreparation fire - Intensive prearranged fire delivered when the imminence of the enemy attack is
discovered. (FM 3-09)
counterproliferation - (DOD) Those actions taken to defeat the threat and/or use of weapons of mass
destruction against the United States, our forces, allies, and partners. Also called CP. (JP 3-40) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-53, ATP 3-05.2.
counterreconnaissance - A tactical mission task that encompasses all measures taken by a commander to
counter enemy reconnaissance and surveillance efforts. Counterreconnaissance is not a distinct mission, but
a component of all forms of security operations. (FM 3-90-1) See also **tactical mission task**.
counterterrorism - (DOD) Activities and operations taken to neutralize terrorists and their organizations and
networks in order to render them incapable of using violence to instill fear and coerce governments or societies to achieve their goals. Also called CT. (JP 3-26) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-53, ATP 3-75.
country container authority - The appointed staff element that is responsible for enforcement of theater
container management policy and procedures established by the combatant commander. (ATP 4-12)
country team (DOD) The senior, in-country United States coordinating and supervising body, headed by the
chief of the United States diplomatic mission, and composed of the senior member of each represented United States department or agency, as desired by the chief of the United States diplomatic mission.
(JP 3-07.4) See FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20,
ATP 3-57.80.
course of action - (DOD) 1. Any sequence of activities that an individual or unit may follow. See
ATP 3-01.81. 2. A scheme developed to accomplish a mission. Also called COA. (JP 5-0) See ATP 5-0.1.
cover - (DOD) In intelligence usage, those measures necessary to give protection to a person, plan, operation,
formation, or installation from the enemy intelligence effort and leakage of information. (JP 2-01.2) See ATP 2-01.3. (Army) 1. Protection from the effects of fires. (FM 3-96) 2. A security task to protect the main body by fighting to gain time while also observing and reporting information and preventing enemy ground
observation of and direct fire against the main body. (ADRP 3-90) See also covering force, security
operations.
covered approach - 1. Any route that offers protection against enemy fire. 2. An approach made under the
protection furnished by other forces or by natural cover. (ADP 1-02) See also **cover**.
covering force - (Army) A self-contained force capable of operating independently of the main body, unlike a
screen or guard force to conduct the cover task. (FM 3-90-2)
covering force area - The area forward of the forward edge of the battle area out to the forward positions
initially assigned to the covering forces. It is here that the covering forces execute assigned tasks.
(FM 3-90-2) See also covering force, **forward edge of the battle area**.
covert crossing - A planned crossing of an inland water obstacle or other gap that is intended to be undetected.
(ATP 3-90.4)
covert operation - (DOD) An operation that is so planned and executed as to conceal the identity of or permit
plausible denial by the sponsor. (JP 3-05) See FM 3-18, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-18.4.
crew - Consists of all personnel operating a particular system. (ADRP 3-90) crime prevention - A direct crime control method that applies to efforts to reduce criminal opportunity, protect
potential human victims, and prevent property loss by anticipating, recognizing, and appraising crime risk and initiating actions to remove or reduce it. (ATP 3-39.10)
criminal intelligence - A category of police intelligence derived from the collection, analysis, and
interpretation of all available information concerning known potential criminal threats and vulnerabilities of supported organizations. (FM 3-39)
crisis action planning - (DOD) The Adaptive Planning and Execution system process involving the timesensitive development of joint operation plans and operation orders for the deployment, employment, and sustainment of assigned and allocated forces and resources in response to an imminent crisis. Also called CAP. (JP 5-0) See ATP 3-27.5.
critical asset list - (DOD) A prioritized list of assets, normally identified by phase of the operation and
approved by the joint force commander, that should be defended against air and missile threats. (JP 3-01) See ADRP 3-09, ADRP 3-37, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-09.42.
critical asset security - The protection and security of personnel and physical assets or information that is
analyzed and deemed essential to the operation and success of the mission and to resources required for
protection. (ADRP 3-37)
critical capability - (DOD) A means that is considered a crucial enabler for a center of gravity to function as
such and is essential to the accomplishment of the specified or assumed objective(s). (JP 5-0) See ATP 3-05.20.
critical event - An event that directly influences mission accomplishment. (FM 6-0)
critical information - (DOD) Specific facts about friendly intentions, capabilities, and activities needed by
adversaries for them to plan and act effectively so as to guarantee failure or unacceptable consequences for friendly mission accomplishment. (JP 2-0) See ATP 3-06.20.
critical requirement - (DOD) An essential condition, resource, and means for a critical capability to be fully
operational. (JP 5-0) See ATP 3-05.20.
critical vulnerability - (DOD) An aspect of a critical requirement which is deficient or vulnerable to direct or
indirect attack that will create decisive or significant effects. (JP 5-0) See ATP 3-05.20.
cross-leveling - (DOD) At the theater strategic and operational levels, it is the process of diverting en route or
in-theater materiel from one military element to meet the higher priority of another within the combatant commander's directive authority for logistics. (JP 4-0) See ATP 3-35.
cueing - The integration of one or more types of reconnaissance or surveillance systems to provide information
that directs follow-on collection of more detailed information by another system. (FM 3-90-2)
culminating point - The point at which a force no longer has the capability to continue its form of operations,
offense or defense. (JP 5-0)
Cultural Intelligence Element - An organic element of the Military Information Support Operations
Command, providing culturally nuanced analyses and intelligence to subordinate unit commanders and their staffs, as well as to other agencies, focused on political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure, and other political-military factors. (FM 3-53)
curve resistance - The resistance offered by a curve to the progress of a train. Also called CR. (ATP 4-14) customer wait time - (DOD) The total elapsed time between issuance of a customer order and satisfaction of
that order. Also called CWT. (JP 4-09) See ATP 3-04.7.
cybersecurity - (DOD) Prevention of damage to, protection of, and restoration of computers, electronic
communications systems, electronic communications services, wire communication, and electronic communication, including information contained therein, to ensure its availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and nonrepudiation. (DODI 8500.01) See ATP 6-02.60.
cyberspace - (DOD) A global domain within the information environment consisting of the interdependent
network of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers. (JP 3-12) See FM 3-0, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-24, FM 6-02.
cyberspace electromagnetic activities - The process of planning, integrating, and synchronizing cyberspace
and electronic warfare operations in support of unified land operations. Also called CEMA. (ADRP 3-0)
cyberspace operations - (DOD) The employment of cyberspace capabilities where the primary purpose is to
achieve objectives in or through cyberspace. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, ATP 3-21.20.
cyberspace superiority - (DOD) The degree of dominance in cyberspace by one force that permits the secure,
reliable conduct of operations by that force, and its related land, air, maritime, and space forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by an adversary. (JP 3-12) See FM 3-12, ATP 3-92.

## D

danger close - (DOD) In close air support, artillery, mortar, and naval gunfire support fires, it is the term
included in the method of engagement segment of a call for fire which indicates that friendly forces are
within close proximity of the target. (JP 3-09.3) See FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 3-06.1.
data - (Army) Unprocessed signals communicated between any nodes in an information system, or sensing
from the environment detected by a collector of any kind (human, mechanical, or electronic). (ADRP 6-0)
datum (geodetic) - (DOD) 1. A reference surface consisting of five quantities: the latitude and longitude of an
initial point, the azimuth of a line from that point, and the parameters of the reference ellipsoid. 2. The mathematical model of the earth used to calculate the coordinates on any map. Different nations use different datum for printing coordinates on their maps. (JP 2-03) See ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.02, ATP 3-50.3.
D-day - (DOD) The unnamed day on which a particular operation commences or is to commence. (JP 3-02)
See FM 3-99, FM 6-0.
debarkation - (DOD) The unloading of troops, equipment, or supplies from a ship or aircraft. (JP 3-02.1) See
FM 4-01.
debriefing - The systematic questioning of individuals to procure information to answer specific collection
requirements by direct and indirect questioning techniques. (FM 2-22.3)
decentralized execution - (DOD) Delegation of execution authority to subordinate commanders. (JP 3-30) See
FM 4-01.
decision point - (DOD) A point in space and time when the commander or staff anticipates making a key
decision concerning a specific course of action. (JP 5-0) See ADRP 5-0, FM 3-98, FM 6-0, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-21.20.
decision support matrix - A written record of a war-gamed course of action that describes decision points and
associated actions at those decision points. Also called DSM. (ADRP 5-0) See also branch, **decision point**,
decision support template, **sequel**.
decision support template - (DOD) A combined intelligence and operations graphic based on the results of
wargaming that depicts decision points, timelines associated with movement of forces and the flow of the operation, and other key items of information required to execute a specific friendly course of action. Also called DST. (JP 2-01.3) See ADRP 5-0, FM 3-98, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 6-0.5.
decisive action - (Army) The continuous, simultaneous combinations of offensive, defensive, and stability or
defense support of civil authorities tasks. (ADRP 3-0)
decisive engagement - An engagement in which a unit is considered fully committed and cannot maneuver or
extricate itself. In the absence of outside assistance, the action must be fought to a conclusion and either
won or lost with the forces at hand. (ADRP 3-90)
decisive operation - The operation that directly accomplishes the mission. (ADRP 3-0) See also **battle**,
engagement, major operation, **shaping operation**.
decisive point - (DOD) A geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted
upon, allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute materially to achieving success. (JP 5-0) See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-07, ADRP 5-0, ATP 5-0.1.
decisive terrain - Decisive terrain, when, present, is key terrain whose seizure and retention is mandatory for
successful mission accomplishment. (FM 3-90-1) See also **key terrain**.
deck - The surface of a railcar on which a load rests. (ATP 4-14)
decontamination - (DOD) The process of making any person, object, or area safe by absorbing, destroying,
neutralizing, making harmless, or removing chemical or biological agents, or by removing radioactive material clinging to or around it. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.7, ATP 4-02.84.
deep area - The portion of the commander's area of operations that is not assigned to subordinate units.
(ADRP 3-0)
defeat - A tactical mission task that occurs when an enemy force has temporarily or permanently lost the
physical means or the will to fight. The defeated force's commander is unwilling or unable to pursue his adopted course of action, thereby yielding to the friendly commander's will, and can no longer interfere to
a significant degree with the actions of friendly forces. Defeat can result from the use of force or the threat
of its use. (FM 3-90-1) See also decisive point, **tactical mission task**.
defeat in detail - Concentrating overwhelming combat power against separate parts of a force rather than
defeating the entire force at once. (ADRP 3-90) See also **combat power**.
defeat mechanism - The method through which friendly forces accomplish their mission against enemy
opposition. (ADRP 3-0)
defended asset list - (DOD) A listing of those assets from the critical asset list prioritized by the joint force
commander to be defended with the resources available. Also called DAL. (JP 3-01) See ADRP 3-09, ADRP 3-37, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-01.81.
defense coordinating element - (DOD) A staff and military liaison officers who assist the defense
coordinating officer in facilitating coordination and support to activated emergency support functions. Also called DCE. (JP 3-28) See ATP 2-91.7.
defense coordinating officer - (DOD) Department of Defense single point of contact for domestic emergencies
who is assigned to a joint field office to process requirements for military support, forward mission assignments through proper channels to the appropriate military organizations, and assign military liaisons, as appropriate, to activated emergency support functions. Also called DCO. (JP 3-28) See ATP 2-91.7.
defense design - A strategy for defense based on a compiled list of defensive tasks required to defend against a
specific threat or support specific mission operations. Each defensive task is built using intelligence, features such as friendly force lay down, adversary forces lay down, named area of interest or ballistic missile operations areas, and characteristics such as defended assets, terrain, system location or orientation, and limitations. (FM 3-27)
defense industrial base - (DOD) The Department of Defense, government, and private sector worldwide
industrial complex with capabilities to perform research and development, design, produce, and maintain military weapon systems, subsystems, components, or parts to meet military requirements. Also called DIB. (JP 3-27) See FM 4-95, ATP 4-0.1.
defense plan - Multiple defense designs combined together to create a cohesive plan for defending a broad
area. (FM 3-27)
defense support of civil authorities - (DOD) Support provided by U.S. Federal military forces, Department of
Defense civilians, Department of Defense contract personnel, Department of Defense component assets, and National Guard forces (when the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the governors of the affected States, elects and requests to use those forces in Title 32, United States Code, status) in response to
requests for assistance from civil authorities for domestic emergencies, law enforcement support, and other domestic activities, or from qualifying entities for special events. Also called DSCA. Also known as civil support. (DODD 3025.18) See ADP 3-28, ADRP 3-28, FM 1-04, FM 3-09, FM 3-14, FM 3-52, FM 3-57, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-14.3, ATP 3-28.1.
Defense Transportation System - (DOD) That portion of the worldwide transportation infrastructure that
supports Department of Defense transportation needs in peace and war. Also called DTS. See also common-user transportation; transportation system. (JP 4-01) See FM 4-01, ATP 4-13, ATP 4-15.
defensive counterair - (DOD) All defensive measures designed to neutralize or destroy enemy forces
attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace. Also called DCA. (JP 3-01) See ADRP 3-09, FM 3-01, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-55.6.
defensive cyberspace operation response action - (DOD) Deliberate, authorized defensive measures or
activities taken outside of the defended network to protect and defend Department of Defense cyberspace capabilities or other designated systems. Also called DCO-RA. (JP 3-12) See FM 3-12.
defensive cyberspace operations - (DOD) Passive and active cyberspace operations intended to preserve the
ability to utilize friendly cyberspace capabilities and protect data, networks, net-centric capabilities, and other designated systems. Also called DCO. (JP 3-12) See FM 3-12, FM 6-02.
defensive fires - Fires that protect friendly forces, population centers, and critical infrastructure. (FM 3-09)
defensive task - A task conducted to defeat an enemy attack, gain time, economize forces, and develop
conditions favorable for offensive or stability tasks. (ADRP 3-0)
definitive care - (1) That care which returns an ill or injured Soldier to full function, or the best possible
function after a debilitating illness or injury. Definitive care can range from self-aid when a Soldier applies a dressing to a grazing bullet wound that heals without further intervention, to two weeks bed-rest in theater for Dengue fever, to multiple surgeries and full rehabilitation with a prosthesis at a continental United States medical center or Department of Veterans Affairs hospital after a traumatic amputation. (2) That treatment required to return the Service member to health from a state of injury or illness. The Service member's disposition may range from return to duty to medical discharge from the military. It can be
provided at any role depending on the extent of the Service member's injury or illness. It embraces those
endeavors which complete the recovery of the patient. (FM 4-02)
definitive identification - The employment of multiple state-of-the-art, independent, established protocols and
technologies by scientific experts in a nationally recognized laboratory to determine the unambiguous identity of a chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear hazard with the highest level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary to support strategic-level decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
definitive treatment - The final role of comprehensive care provided to return the patient to the highest degree
of mental and physical health possible. It is not associated with a specific role or location in the continuum of care; it may occur in different roles depending upon the nature of the injury or illness. (FM 4-02)
deflection - A horizontal clockwise angle measured from the line of fire or the rearward extension line of fire
to the line of sight to a given aiming point with the vertex of the angle at the instrument. (ATP 3-09.50)
delay - To slow the time of arrival of enemy forces or capabilities or alter the ability of the enemy or adversary
to project forces or capabilities. (FM 3-09)
delay line - A phase line where the date and time before which the enemy is not allowed to cross the phase line
is depicted as part of the graphic control measure. (FM 3-90-1) See also control measure, **phase line**.
delaying operation - (DOD) An operation in which a force under pressure trades space for time by slowing
down the enemy's momentum and inflicting maximum damage on the enemy without, in principle,
becoming decisively engaged. (JP 3-04) See ADP 3-90, ADRP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96,
ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-91.
deliberate crossing - The crossing of an inland water obstacle or other gap that requires extensive planning and
detailed preparations. (ATP 3-90.4)
deliberate operation - An operation in which the tactical situation allows the development and coordination of
detailed plans, including multiple branches and sequels. (ADRP 3-90)
deliberate planning - (DOD) 1. The Adaptive Planning and Execution system process involving the
development of joint operation plans for contingencies identified in joint strategic planning documents. 2. A planning process for the deployment and employment of apportioned forces and resources that occurs in response to a hypothetical situation. (JP 5-0) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-27.5.
demobilization - (DOD) The process of transitioning a conflict or wartime military establishment and
defense-based civilian economy to a peacetime configuration while maintaining national security and economic vitality. (JP 4-05) See ADRP 3-07, FM 3-07.
demonstration - (DOD) 2. In military deception, a show of force in an area where a decision is not sought that
is made to deceive an adversary. It is similar to a feint but no actual contact with the adversary is intended. (JP 3-13.4) See FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5.
denial operations - Actions to hinder or deny the enemy the use of space, personnel, supplies, or facilities.
(FM 3-90-1)
denied area - (DOD) An area under enemy or unfriendly control in which friendly forces cannot expect to
operate successfully within existing operational constraints and force capability. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1. (Army) An area that is operationally unsuitable for conventional forces due to political, tactical, environmental, or geographical reasons. It is a primary area for special operations forces.
(FM 3-05)
denied, degraded, or disrupted space operational environment - A composite of those conditions and
influences in which space-enabled capabilities have been impaired by hostile threats or non-hostile means. Also called D3SOE. (FM 3-14)
deny - A task to hinder or prevent the enemy from using terrain, space, personnel, supplies, or facilities.
(ATP 3-21.20)
Department of Defense information network - (DOD) The set of information capabilities, and associated
processes for collecting, processing, storing, disseminating, and managing information on-demand to warfighters, policy makers, and support personnel, whether interconnected or stand-alone, including owned and leased communications and computing systems and services, software (including applications), data, security services, other associated services, and national security systems. Also called DODIN. (JP 6-0) See FM 3-0, FM 3-12, FM 6-02, ATP 3-05.60.
Department of Defense information network operations - (DOD) Operations to design, build, configure,
secure, operate, maintain, and sustain Department of Defense networks to create and preserve information assurance on the Department of Defense information networks. (JP 3-12) See FM 3-12, FM 6-02.
departure airfield - (DOD) An airfield on which troops and/or materiel are enplaned for flight. (JP 3-17) See
ATP 3-18.11.
departure yard - Yard where classified cars are made up into trains. (ATP 4-14)
deployment - (DOD) The rotation of forces into and out of an operational area. (JP 3-35) See ATP 3-35,
ATP 3-91, ATP 4-02.1.
depth - The extension of operations in time, space, or purpose to achieve definitive results. (ADRP 3-0)
derailer - Safety devices designed to limit unauthorized movement of a car or locomotive beyond a specific
point. (ATP 4-14)
destroy - A tactical mission task that physically renders an enemy force combat-ineffective until it is
reconstituted. Alternatively, to destroy a combat system is to damage it so badly that it cannot perform any
function or be restored to a usable condition without being entirely rebuilt. (FM 3-90-1) See also
reconstitution, **tactical mission task**.
destruction - 1. In the context of the computed effects of field artillery fires, destruction renders a target out of
action permanently or ineffective for a long period of time, producing 30-percent casualties or materiel
damage. 2. A type of adjustment for destroying a given target. (FM 3-09)
detachment - A detachment is a tactical element organized on either a temporary or permanent basis for
special duties. (ADRP 3-90) See also assign, attach, command relationships, **operational control**.
detachment left in contact - An element left in contact as part of the previously designated (usually rear)
security force while the main body conducts its withdrawal. Also called DLIC. (FM 3-90-1) See also
breakout, **retrograde**.
detainee - (DOD) Any person captured, detained, or otherwise under the control of Department of Defense
personnel. (JP 3-63) See FM 1-04, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-55.4, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-91.
detection - (DOD) 2. In surveillance, the determination and transmission by a surveillance system that an event
has occurred. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-55.6. 4. In chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environments, the act of locating chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards by use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear detectors or monitoring and/or survey teams. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-55.6.
detention - A charge made on a carrier conveyance held by or otherwise delayed through the cause of the
United States Government. (ATP 4-12)
deterrence - (DOD) The prevention of action by the existence of a credible threat of unacceptable
counteraction and/or belief that the cost of action outweighs the perceived benefits. (JP 3-0) See ATP 3-27.3.
diamond formation - A diamond formation is a variation of the box combat formation with one maneuver unit
leading, maneuver units positioned on each flank, and the remaining maneuver unit to the rear.
(ADRP 3-90) See also box formation, **flank**.
direct action - (DOD) Short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive actions conducted as a special
operation in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments and which employ specialized military capabilities to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover, or damage designated targets. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-53, ATP 3-75.
direct air support center - (DOD) The principal air control agency of the US Marine air command and control
system responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat element. It processes and coordinates requests for immediate air support and coordinates air missions requiring integration with ground forces and other supporting arms. It normally collocates with the senior fire support coordination center within the ground combat element and is subordinate to the tactical air command center. Also called DASC. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-60.2.
direct approach - The manner in which a commander attacks the enemy's center of gravity or principal
strength by applying combat power directly against it. (ADRP 3-90)
direct exchange - A supply method of issuing serviceable materiel in exchange for unserviceable materiel on
an item-for-item basis. (FM 4-40)
directed energy - (DOD) An umbrella term covering technologies that relate to the production of a beam of
concentrated electromagnetic energy or atomic or subatomic particles. Also called DE. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12.
directed obstacle - An obstacle directed by a higher commander as a specified task to a subordinate unit.
(ATP 3-90.8)
direct fire - (DOD) Fire delivered on a target using the target itself as a point of aim for either the weapon or
the director. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-21.20.
direct haul - Single transport mission completed by the same vehicle(s). (ATP 4-11)
direction finding - (DOD) A procedure for obtaining bearings of radio frequency emitters by using a highly
directional antenna and a display unit on an intercept receiver or ancillary equipment. Also called DF. (JP 3-13.1) See ATP 6-02.70.
direction of attack - A specific direction or assigned route a force uses and does not deviate from when
attacking. (ADRP 3-90) See also **axis of advance**.
direction of fire - The direction on which a fire unit is laid to the most significant threat in the target area, to
the chart direction to the center of the zone of fire, or to the target. (ATP 3-09.50)
directive authority for logistics - (DOD) Combatant command authority to issue directives to subordinate
commanders, including peacetime measures, necessary to ensure effective execution of approved operation plans. Essential measures include the optimized use or reallocation of available resources and prevention of elimination of redundant facilities and/or overlapping functions among the Service component commands. Also called DAFL. (JP 1) See ADRP 4-0.
direct liaison authorized - (DOD) That authority granted by a commander (any level) to a subordinate to
directly consult or coordinate an action with a command or agency within or outside of the granting command. Also called DIRLAUTH. (JP 1) See FM 3-0, FM 6-0.
direct pressure force A force employed in a pursuit operation that orients on the enemy main body to prevent
enemy disengagement or defensive reconstitution prior to envelopment by the encircling force. It normally
conducts a series of attacks to slow the enemy's retirement by forcing him to stand and fight. (FM 3-90-1)
See also disengage, encircling force, **envelopment, reconstitution**.
direct support - (DOD) A mission requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing it to
answer directly to the supported force's request for assistance. Also called DS. (JP 3-09.3) See FM 6-0,
ATP 2-01, ATP 4-43. (Army) A support relationship requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing it to answer directly to the supported force's request for assistance. (FM 3-0)
disarmament - (Army) The collection, documentation, control, and disposal of small arms, ammunition,
explosives, and light and heavy weapons of former combatants, belligerents, and the local populace. (FM 3-07)
disease and nonbattle injury - (DOD) All illnesses and injuries not resulting from enemy or terrorist action or
caused by conflict. Also called DNBI. (JP 4-02) See ATP 4-02.55.
disengage - A tactical mission task where a commander has his unit break contact with the enemy to allow the
conduct of another mission or to avoid decisive engagement. (FM 3-90-1) See also **decisive engagement**,
tactical mission task.
disengagement line - A phase line located on identifiable terrain that, when crossed by the enemy, signals to
defending elements that it is time to displace to their next position. (ADRP 3-90) See also **phase line**.
disintegrate - To disrupt the enemy's command and control system, degrading its ability to conduct operations
while leading to a rapid collapse of the enemy's capabilities or will to fight. (ADRP 3-0)
dislocate - To employ forces to obtain significant positional advantage, rendering the enemy's dispositions less
valuable, perhaps even irrelevant. (ADRP 3-0)
dislocated civilian - (DOD) A broad term primarily used by the Department of Defense that includes displaced
person, an evacuee, an internally displaced person, a migrant, a refugee, or a stateless person. Also called
DC. (JP 3-29) See FM 3-07, FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.60.
dismounted march - Movement of troops and equipment mainly by foot, with limited support by vehicles.
Also called foot march. (FM 3-90-2)
displaced person - (DOD) A broad term used to refer to internally and externally displaced persons
collectively. (JP 3-29) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.31.
display - (DOD) In military deception, a static portrayal of an activity, force, or equipment intended to deceive
the adversary's visual observation. (JP 3-13.4) See FM 6-0.
disrupt - 1. A tactical mission task in which a commander integrates direct and indirect fires, terrain, and
obstacles to upset an enemy's formation or tempo, interrupt his timetable, or cause enemy forces to commit
prematurely or attack in piecemeal fashion. 2. An obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to cause the enemy to break up his formation and tempo, interrupt his timetable, commit breaching
assets prematurely, and attack in a piecemeal effort. (FM 3-90-1)
distribution - (DOD) 5. The operational process of synchronizing all elements of the logistic system to deliver
the "right things" to the "right place" at the "right time" to support the geographic combatant commander.
(JP 4-0) See FM 4-01, FM 4-95, ATP 4-48.
distribution management - The function of synchronizing and coordinating a complex of networks (physical,
communications, information, and financial) and the sustainment functions (logistics, personnel services, and health service support) to achieve responsive support to operational requirements. (ATP 4-0.1)
distribution manager - (DOD) The executive agent for managing distribution with the combatant
commander's area of responsibility. (JP 4-09) See ATP 4-0.1.
distribution system - (DOD) That complex of facilities, installations, methods, and procedures designed to
receive, store, maintain, distribute, and control the flow of military materiel between the point of receipt into the military system and the point of issue to using activities and units. (JP 4-09) See FM 4-01, FM 4-40, FM 4-95, ATP 4-93.
diversion - (DOD) 1. The act of drawing the attention and forces of an enemy from the point of the principal
operation; an attack, alarm, or feint that diverts attention. (JP 3-03) See FM 3-09.
division - An Army echelon of command above brigade and below corps. It is a tactical headquarters which
employs a combination of brigade combat teams, multifunctional brigades, and functional brigades in land operations. (ADRP 3-90)
document and media exploitation - The processing, translation, analysis, and dissemination of collected
hardcopy documents and electronic media that are under the U.S. Government's physical control and are
not publicly available. (ATP 2-91.8)
double envelopment - This results from simultaneous maneuvering around both flanks of a designated enemy
force. (FM 3-90-1)
drawbar pull - The actual pulling ability of a locomotive after deducting from tractive effort, the energy
required to move the locomotive itself. Also called DBP. (ATP 4-14)
drop zone - (DOD) A specific area upon which airborne troops, equipment, or supplies are airdropped. Also
called DZ. (JP 3-17) See ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-18.11.
dynamic target - Any target that is identified too late or not selected for action during the deliberate targeting
process. (ATP 3-60.1)
dynamic targeting - (DOD) Targeting that prosecutes targets identified too late, or not selected for action in
time to be included in deliberate targeting. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-91.

## E

earliest arrival date - (DOD) A day, relative to C-day, that is specified as the earliest date when a unit, a
resupply shipment, or replacement personnel can be accepted at a port of debarkation during a deployment. Also called EAD. See also latest arrival date. (JP 5-0) See FM 4-01.
early-entry command post - A lead element of a headquarters designed to control operations until the
remaining portions of the headquarters are deployed and operational. (FM 6-0)
early warning - (DOD) Early notification of the launch or approach of unknown weapons or weapons carriers.
Also called EW. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-01.48.
echelon - Separate level of command. (ADP 1-02)
echelon formation - A unit formation with subordinate elements arranged on an angle to the left or to the right
of the direction of attack (echelon left, echelon right). This formation provides for firepower forward and to the flank of the direction of the echelon. It facilitates control in open areas. It provides minimal security to
the opposite flank of the direction of the echeloning. (FM 3-90-1) See also **box formation**.
echelon support - The method of supporting an organization arrayed within an area of an operation.
(ATP 4-90)
economy - Providing sustainment resources in an efficient manner to enable a commander to employ all assets
to achieve the greatest effect possible. (ADP 4-0)
effect - (DOD) 1. The physical or behavioral state of a system that results from an action, a set of actions, or
another effect. 2. The result, outcome, or consequence of an action. 3. A change to a condition, behavior, or degree of freedom. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-53, FM 3-57, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-60.
electromagnetic compatibility - (DOD) The ability of systems, equipment, and devices that use the
electromagnetic spectrum to operate in their intended environments without causing or suffering unacceptable or unintentional degradation because of electromagnetic radiation or response. Also called EMC. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12.
electromagnetic environmental effects - (DOD) The impact of the electromagnetic environment upon the
operational capability of military forces, equipment, systems, and platforms. Also called E3. (JP 3-13.1) See ATP 6-02.70.
electromagnetic hardening - (DOD) Action taken to protect personnel, facilities, and/or equipment by
blanking, filtering, attenuating, grounding, bonding, and/or shielding against undesirable effects of electromagnetic energy. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12.
electromagnetic interference - (DOD) Any electromagnetic disturbance, induced intentionally or
unintentionally, that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective performance of
electronics and electrical equipment. Also called EMI. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12, ATP 3-14.3, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.70.
electromagnetic intrusion - (DOD) The intentional insertion of electromagnetic energy into transmission paths
in any manner, with the objective of deceiving operators or of causing confusion. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12.
electromagnetic jamming - (DOD) The deliberate radiation, reradiation, or reflection of electromagnetic
energy for the purpose of preventing or reducing an enemy's effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum,
and with the intent of degrading or neutralizing the enemy's combat capability. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12.
electromagnetic operational environment - (DOD) The background electromagnetic environment and the
friendly, neutral, and adversarial electromagnetic order of battle within the electromagnetic area of influence associated with a given operational area. Also called EMOE. (JP 6-01) See FM 3-99, ATP 6-02.70.
electromagnetic pulse - (DOD) The electromagnetic radiation from a strong electronic pulse, most commonly
caused by a nuclear explosion that may couple with electrical or electronic systems to produce damaging current and voltage surges. Also called EMP. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 6-02.53.
electromagnetic radiation - (DOD) Radiation made up of oscillating electric and magnetic fields and
propagated with the speed of light. (JP 6-01) See ATP 4-32.
electromagnetic spectrum - (DOD) The range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation from zero to
infinity. It is divided into 26 alphabetically designated bands. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-0, FM 3-12, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.70.
electromagnetic spectrum control - (DOD) The coordinated execution of joint electromagnetic spectrum
operations with other lethal and nonlethal operations that enable freedom of action in the electromagnetic operational environment. Also called EMSC. (JP 3-13.1) See ATP 6-02.70.
electromagnetic spectrum management - (DOD) Planning, coordinating, and managing use of the
electromagnetic spectrum through operational, engineering, and administrative procedures. (JP 6-01) See FM 3-12, FM 3-99, ATP 6-02.70.
electronic attack - (DOD) Division of electronic warfare involving the use of electromagnetic energy, directed
energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability and is considered a form of fires. Also called EA. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-09, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 6-02.70.
electronic intelligence - (DOD) Technical and geolocation intelligence derived from foreign
noncommunications electromagnetic radiations emanating from other than nuclear detonations or radioactive sources. Also called ELINT. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12, ATP 3-05.20.
electronic masking - (DOD) The controlled radiation of electromagnetic energy on friendly frequencies in a
manner to protect the emissions of friendly communications and electronic systems against enemy electronic warfare support measures/signals intelligence without significantly degrading the operation of friendly systems. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12.
electronic probing - (DOD) Intentional radiation designed to be introduced into the devices or systems of
potential enemies for the purpose of learning the functions and operational capabilities of the devices or systems. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12.
electronic protection - (DOD) Division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to protect personnel,
facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability. Also called EP. (JP 3-13.1) See ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.70.
electronic reconnaissance - (DOD) (DOD) The detection, location, identification, and evaluation of foreign
electromagnetic radiations. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12.
electronics security - (DOD) The protection resulting from all measures designed to deny unauthorized
persons information of value that might be derived from their interception and study of noncommunications
electromagnetic radiations, e.g., radar. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12.
electronic warfare - (DOD) Military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control
the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. Also called EW. (JP 3-13.1) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-12, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 4-32, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.70.
electronic warfare reprogramming - (DOD) The deliberate alteration or modification of electronic warfare or
target sensing systems, or the tactics and procedures that employ them, in response to validated changes in equipment, tactics, or the electromagnetic environment. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12.
electronic warfare support - (DOD) Division of electronic warfare involving actions tasked by, or under
direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning and conduct of future operations. Also called ES. (JP 3-13.1) See ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.70.
electro-optical-infrared countermeasure - (DOD) A device or technique employing electro-optical-infrared
materials or technology that is intended to impair the effectiveness of enemy activity, particularly with respect to precision guided weapons and sensor systems. Also called EO-IR CM. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12.
embarkation - (DOD) The process of putting personnel and/or vehicles and their associated stores and
equipment into ships and/or aircraft. (JP 3-02.1) See FM 4-01.
emergency management - Emergency management, as a subset of incident management and concerns the
coordination and integration of activities that are necessary to build, sustain, and improve the capability to prepare for, protect against, respond, recover from, or mitigate threatened or actual natural disaster, acts of terrorism, or other manmade disasters. (FM 3-11)
emergency medical treatment - The immediate application of medical procedures to the wounded, injured, or
sick by specially trained medical personnel. (FM 4-02)
emergency operations center - (DOD) A temporary or permanent facility where the coordination of
information and resources to support domestic incident management activities normally takes place. Also called EOC. (JP 3-41) See ADRP 3-28.
emergency preparedness liaison officer - (DOD) A senior reserve officer who represents their Service at the
appropriate joint field office conducting planning and coordination responsibilities in support of civil authorities. Also called EPLO. (JP 3-28) See ATP 2-91.7.
emergency support functions - (DOD) A grouping of government and certain private-sector capabilities into
an organizational structure to provide the support, resources, program implementation, and services that are most likely to be needed to save lives, protect property and the environment, restore essential services and critical infrastructure, and help victims and communities return to normal, when feasible, following domestic incidents. Also called ESF. (JP 3-28) See ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.
emerging target - Detection that meets sufficient criteria to be developed as a potential target using dynamic
targeting. The criticality and time sensitivity of an emerging target, and its probability of being a potential target, is initially undetermined. (ATP 3-60.1)
emission control - (DOD) The selective and controlled use of electromagnetic, acoustic, or other emitters to
optimize command and control capabilities while minimizing, for operations security: a. detection by enemy sensors; b. mutual interference among friendly systems; and/or c. enemy interference with the ability to execute a military deception plan. Also called EMCON. (JP 3-13.1) See FM 3-12, ATP 6-02.53.
employment - (DOD) The strategic, operational, or tactical use of forces. (JP 5-0) See ATP 4-02.1.
encirclement operations - Operations where one force loses its freedom of maneuver because an opposing
force is able to isolate it by controlling all ground lines of communications and reinforcement. (ADRP 3-90)
encircling force - In pursuit operations, the force which maneuvers to the rear or flank of the enemy to block
his escape so that the enemy can be destroyed between the direct pressure force and encircling force. This
force advances or flies along routes parallel to the enemy's line of retreat. If the encircling force cannot
outdistance the enemy to cut the enemy off, the encircling force may also attack the flank of a retreating
enemy. (FM 3-90-1) See also block, destroy, direct pressure force, **envelopment**.
end delivery tonnage - The through tonnage, in short tons, of payload that is delivered at the end of the railway
line (railhead) each day. Also called EDT. (ATP 4-14)
end evening civil twilight - (DOD) The point in time when the sun has dropped 6 degrees beneath the western
horizon, and is the instant at which there is no longer sufficient light to see objects with the unaided eye. Also called EECT. (JP 2-01.3) See ATP 2-01.3.
end of evening nautical twilight - (DOD) The point in time when the sun has dropped 12 degrees below the
western horizon, and is the instant of last available daylight for the visual control of limited military operations. Also called EENT. (JP 2-01.3) See ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16.
end state - (DOD) The set of required conditions that defines achievement of the commander's objectives.
(JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-13, FM 3-24.
enemy - A party identified as hostile against which the use of force is authorized. (ADRP 3-0)
enemy combatant - (DOD) In general, a person engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition
partners during an armed conflict. Also called EC. (DODD 2310.01E) See FM 1-04.
engage - (DOD) 1. In air defense, a fire control order used to direct or authorize units and/or weapon systems to
fire on a designated target. (JP 3-01) 2. To bring the enemy under fire. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-01.7.
engagement - (DOD) 1. In air defense, an attack with guns or air-to-air missiles by an interceptor aircraft, or
the launch of an air defense missile by air defense artillery and the missile's subsequent travel to intercept. (JP 3-01) See FM 3-07, ATP 3-01.8. 2. A tactical conflict, usually between opposing, lower echelon maneuver forces. (JP 3-0) See ADP 3-90, ADRP 3-90, FM 3-07, ATP 3-01.8. 2, ATP 3-20.15.
engagement area - An area where the commander intends to contain and destroy an enemy force with the
massed effects of all available weapons and supporting systems. Also called EA. (FM 3-90-1) See also
contain, **destroy**.
engagement criteria - Protocols that specify those circumstances for initiating engagement with an enemy
force. (FM 3-90-1) See also decision point, engagement, **engagement area**.
engagement priority - Specifies the order in which the unit engages enemy systems or functions. (FM 3-90-1)
engineer regulating point - Checkpoint to ensure that vehicles do not exceed the capacity of the crossing
means and to give drivers final instructions on site-specific procedures and information, such as speed and vehicle interval. Also called ERP. (ATP 3-90.4)
engineer work line - A coordinated boundary or phase line used to compartmentalize an area of operations to
indicate where specific engineer units have primary responsibility for the engineer effort. (FM 3-34)
en route care - The care required to maintain the phased treatment initiated prior to evacuation and the
sustainment of the patient's medical condition during evacuation. (FM 4-02)
envelopment - A form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to avoid the principal enemy defenses by
seizing objectives behind those defenses that allow the targeted enemy force to be destroyed in their current
positions. (FM 3-90-1)
environmental assessment - A study to determine if significant environmental impacts are expected from a
proposed action. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental compliance - The unconditional obeying of international, foreign nation, federal, state, and
local environmental rules, regulations, and guidelines that affect current operations. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental conditions report - A concise summary of events or situations that created a negative or
positive change in environmental conditions at a base camp site. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental protection level - The varying level of environmental protection that can reasonably be
afforded at any particular time during military operations, given the absolute requirement that such a diversion of resources away from the mission at hand does not adversely affect that mission, any friendly personnel, or indigenous or refugee populations. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental reconnaissance - The systematic observation and recording of site or area data collected by
visual or physical means, dealing specifically with environmental conditions as they exist, and identifying areas that are environmentally sensitive or of relative environmental concern, for information and decisionmaking purposes. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental restoration - The systematic removal of pollution or contaminants from the environment,
especially from the soil or groundwater, by physical, chemical, or biological means; also known as remediation or environmental cleanup. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental services - Environmental services are the various combinations of scientific, technical, and
advisory activities (including modification processes and the influence of man-made and natural factors) required to acquire, produce, and supply information on the past, present, and future states of space, atmospheric, oceanographic, and terrestrial surroundings for use in military planning and decisionmaking processes or to modify those surroundings to enhance military operations. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental stewardship - The integration and application of environmental values into the military
mission to sustain readiness, improve the quality of life, strengthen civil relations, and preserve valuable natural resources. (ATP 3-34.5)
esoteric communications - Public statements whose surface meaning (manifest content) does not reveal the
real purpose, meaning, or significance (latent content) of the author. (ATP 2-22.9)
esprit de corps - A traditional military expression that denotes the Army's common spirit, a collective ethos of
camaraderie and cohesion within the team. (ADRP 1)
essential care - Medical care and treatment within the theater of operations and which is mission, enemy,
terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, and civil considerations-dependent. It includes first responder care, initial resuscitation and stabilization as well as treatment and hospitalization. Forward care may include stabilizing surgery to ensure the patient can tolerate further evacuation as well as en route care during evacuation. The objective is to either return the patient to duty within the theater evacuation policy, or to begin initial treatment required for optimization of outcome. (FM 4-02)
essential element of friendly information - (Army) A critical aspect of a friendly operation that, if known by
the enemy, would subsequently compromise, lead to failure, or limit success of the operation and therefore should be protected from enemy detection. Also called EEFI. (ADRP 5-0) See also **commander's critical**
information requirement.
essential task - (Army) A specified or implied task that must be executed to accomplish the mission. (FM 6-0)
See also implied task, **specified task**.
evacuation - (DOD) 2. The clearance of personnel, animals, or materiel from a given locality. 4. The ordered
or authorized departure of noncombatants from a specific area by Department of State, Department of Defense, or appropriate military commander. This refers to the movement from one area to another in the same or different countries. The evacuation is caused by unusual or emergency circumstances and applies equally to command or non-command sponsored family members. (JP 3-68) See ATP 3-05.68.
evacuee - (DOD) A civilian removed from a place of residence by military direction for reasons of personal
security or the requirements of the military situation. See also displaced person; refugee. (JP 3-57) See ATP 3-05.68.
evader - (DOD) Any person isolated in hostile or unfriendly territory who eludes capture. (JP 3-50) See
ATP 3-50.22.
evaluating - Using criteria to judge progress toward desired conditions and determining why the current degree
of progress exists. (ADRP 5-0)
evasion - (DOD) The process whereby isolated personnel avoid capture with the goal of successfully returning
to areas under friendly control. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-50.22.
evasion plan of action - (DOD) A course of action, developed prior to executing a combat mission, that is
intended to improve a potential isolated person's chances of successful evasion and recovery by providing
the recovery forces with an additional source of information that can increase the predictability of the evader's action and movement. Also called EPA. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-50.3, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.22.
event matrix - (DOD) A cross-referenced description of the indicators and activity expected to occur in each
named area of interest. See also activity; area of interest; indicator. (JP 2-01.3) See ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16.
event template - (DOD) A guide for collection planning that depicts the named areas of interest where activity,
or its lack of activity, will indicate which course of action the adversary has adopted. See also activity; area of interest; collection planning; course of action. (JP 2-01.3) See ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16.
execution - Putting a plan into action by applying combat power to accomplish the mission. (ADP 5-0) See
also adjustment decision, combat power, execution decision, **situational understanding**.
execution matrix - A visual and sequential representation of the critical tasks and responsible organizations by
time. (ADRP 5-0)
executive agent - (DOD) A term used to indicate a delegation of authority by the Secretary of Defense or
Deputy Secretary of Defense to a subordinate to act on behalf of the Secretary of Defense. Also called EA. (JP 1) See FM 4-95, ATP 4-44, ATP 4-93.
exfiltrate - A tactical mission task where a commander removes Soldiers or units from areas under enemy
control by stealth, deception, surprise, or clandestine means. (FM 3-90-1)
exfiltration - (DOD) The removal of personnel or units from areas under enemy control by stealth, deception,
surprise, or clandestine means. See also special operations; unconventional warfare. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-18.4.
explicit knowledge - Codified or formally documented knowledge organized and transferred to others through
digital or non-digital means. (ATP 6-01.1)
exploitation - (DOD) 1. Taking full advantage of success in military operations, following up initial gains, and
making permanent the temporary effects already created. See ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-90.15. 2. Taking full advantage of any information that has come to hand for tactical, operational, or strategic purposes. See ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-90.15, ATP 4-32. 3. An offensive operation that usually follows a successful attack and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth. (JP 2-01.3) See ATP 3-06.20,
ATP 3-90.15. (Army) An offensive task that usually follows a successful attack and is designed to
disorganize the enemy in depth. (ADRP 3-90) See also attack, **offensive operations**.
explosive hazards - A condition where danger exists because explosives are present that may react in a mishap
with potential unacceptable effects to people, property, operational capability, or the environment. (FM 4-30)
explosive ordnance - (DOD) All munitions containing explosives, nuclear fission or fusion materials, and
biological and chemical agents. (JP 3-34) See ATP 4-32, ATP 4-32.2.
explosive ordnance disposal - (DOD) The detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering safe,
recovery, and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Also called EOD. (JP 3-34) See ATP 4-32.2. (Army) The detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering safe, exploitation, recovery, and final disposal of explosive ordnance. (FM 4-30)
explosive ordnance disposal incident - (NATO) The suspected or detected presence of unexploded explosive
ordnance, or damaged explosive ordnance, which constitutes a hazard to operations, installations, personnel or material. Not included in this definition are the accidental arming or other conditions that develop during the manufacture of high explosive material, technical service assembly operations or the laying of mines
and demolition charges. (STANAG 3680) See ATP 4-32.
explosive ordnance disposal procedures - (NATO) Those particular courses or modes of action taken by
explosive ordnance disposal personnel for access to, diagnosis, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of explosive ordnance or any hazardous material associated with an explosive ordnance disposal incident. a. Access procedures - Those actions taken to locate exactly and to gain access to unexploded explosive
ordnance. b. Diagnostic procedures - Those actions taken to identify and evaluate unexploded explosive
ordnance. c. Render safe procedures - The portion of the explosive ordnance disposal procedures involving
the application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components of unexploded explosive ordnance to prevent an unacceptable detonation. d. Recovery procedures - Those actions taken to recover unexploded explosive
ordnance. e. Final disposal procedures - The final disposal of explosive ordnance which may include
demolition or burning in place, removal to a disposal area or other appropriate means. (STANAG 3680) See ATP 4-32.
explosive ordnance disposal unit - (DOD) Personnel with special training and equipment who render
explosive ordnance safe, make intelligence reports on such ordnance, and supervise the safe removal thereof. (JP 3-34) See ATP 4-32.
exterior lines - Lines on which a force operates when its operations converge on the enemy. (ADRP 3-0)

external support contract - (DOD) Contract awarded by contracting organizations whose contracting
authority does not derive directly from the theater support contracting head(s) of contracting activity or from systems support contracting authorities. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10.
external trust - The confidence and faith that the American people have in the Army to serve the Nation
ethically, effectively, and efficiently. (ADRP 1)

## F

facility - (DOD) A real property entity consisting of one or more of the following: a building, a structure, a
utility system, pavement, and underlying land. (JP 3-34) See ATP 3-22.40, ATP 4-13.
far side objective - A defined location oriented on terrain or an enemy force that an assaulting force seizes to
eliminate enemy direct fires to prevent the enemy from interfering with the reduction of the obstacle and allow follow-on forces to move securely through the created lanes. (ATP 3-90.4)
federal service - (DOD) A term applied to National Guard members and units when called to active duty to
serve the United States Government under Article I, Section 8 and Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution
and the Title 10, United States Code, Sections 12401 to 12408. (JP 4-05) See ADRP 3-28.
feint - (DOD) In military deception, an offensive action involving contact with the adversary conducted for the
purpose of deceiving the adversary as to the location and/or time of the actual main offensive action.
(JP 3-13.4) See FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5.
field artillery - (DOD) Equipment, supplies, ammunition, and personnel involved in the use of cannon, rocket,
or surface-to-surface missile launchers. Field artillery cannons are classified according to caliber as
follows. Light - 120mm and less. Medium - 121-160mm. Heavy - 161-210mm. Very heavy - greater
than 210mm. Also called FA. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-09. (Army) The equipment, supplies, ammunition, and personnel involved in the use of indirect fire cannon, rocket, or surface-to-surface missile launchers. (ADRP 3-09)
field confirmatory identification - The employment of technologies with increased specificity and sensitivity
by technical forces in a field environment to identify chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear hazard with a moderate level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary to support follow-on tactical decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
field force engineering - The application of the Engineer Regiment capabilities from the three engineer
disciplines (primarily general engineering) to support operations through reachback and forward presence. (FM 3-34)
field historian - An Army historian, military or civilian, that serves outside of the Center of Military History
documenting, recording, and reporting the official history of the Army at the command and unit levels.
(ATP 1-20)
field maintenance - On system maintenance, repair and return to the user including maintenance actions
performed by operators. (FM 4-30)
field of fire - The area that a weapon or group of weapons may cover effectively from a given position.
(FM 3-90-1)
field services - Includes aerial delivery, clothing and light-textile repair, food service, shower and laundry,
mortuary affairs, and water purification. These services enhance unit effectiveness and mission success by providing for Soldier basic needs. (ADRP 4-0)
fighter engagement zone - (DOD) In air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the
responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with fighter aircraft. Also called FEZ. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-01.15.
final coordination line - A phase line close to the enemy position used to coordinate the lifting or shifting of
supporting fires with the final deployment of maneuver elements. Also called FCL. (ADRP 3-90) See also
assault, assault echelon, **phase line**.
final protective fire - (DOD) An immediately available prearranged barrier of fire designed to impede enemy
movement across defensive lines or areas. Also called FPF. (JP 3-09.3) See ADRP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20.
final protective line - A selected line of fire where an enemy assault is to be checked by interlocking fire from
all available weapons and obstacles. Also called FPL. (ADP 1-02) See also field of fire, final protective fire.
finance operations - The execution of the joint financial management mission to provide financial advice and
guidance, support the procurement process, provide pay support, and provide banking and disbursing support. (FM 1-06)
financial management - The sustainment of U.S. Army, joint, interagency, interdepartmental, and
multinational operations through the execution of two mutually supporting core functions, resource management and finance operations. These two functions are comprised of the following core competencies: fund the force, banking and disbursing support, pay support, accounting support and cost management, financial management planning and operations, and management internal controls. (FM 1-06)
fire and movement - The concept of applying fires from all sources to suppress, neutralize, or destroy the
enemy, and the tactical movement of combat forces in relation to the enemy (as components of maneuver, applicable at all echelons). At the squad level, it entails a team placing suppressive fire on the enemy as another team moves against or around the enemy. (FM 3-96)
fire direction center - (DOD) That element of a command post, consisting of gunnery and communications
personnel and equipment, by means of which the commander exercises fire direction and/or fire control. The fire direction center receives target intelligence and requests for fire, and translates them into appropriate fire direction. The fire direction center provides timely and effective tactical and technical fire control in support of current operations. Also called FDC. (JP 3-09.3) See FM 3-09.
fire plan - A tactical plan for using the weapons of a unit or formation so that their fire will be coordinated.
(FM 3-09)
fires - (DOD) The use of weapons systems to create a specific lethal or nonlethal effect on a target. (JP 3-0) See
ADP 3-09, FM 3-09, FM 6-05, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-21.20.
fire strike - The massed, synchronized, and nearly simultaneous delivery of primarily terminally guided
indirect fire and area munitions. (FM 3-90-2)
fire superiority - That degree of dominance in the fires of one force over another that permits that force to
conduct maneuver at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
See also maneuver.
fire support - (DOD) Fires that directly support land, maritime, amphibious, and special operations forces to
engage enemy forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit of tactical and operational objectives.
(JP 3-09) See ADP 3-09, ADRP 3-09, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.30,
ATP 3-21.20.
fire support area - (DOD) An appropriate maneuver area assigned to fire support ships by the naval force
commander from which they can deliver gunfire support to an amphibious operation. Also called FSA.
(JP 3-09) See FM 3-09.
fire support coordination - (DOD) The planning and executing of fire so that targets are adequately covered
by a suitable weapon or group of weapons. (JP 3-09) See ADP 3-09, ADRP 3-09, FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-90.5.
fire support coordination center - (DOD) A single location in which are centralized communications facilities
and personnel incident to the coordination of all forms of fire support. Also called FSCC. (JP 3-09) See ATP 3-60.2.
fire support coordination line - (DOD) A fire support coordination measure established by the land or
amphibious force commander to support common objectives within an area of operation; beyond which all fires must be coordinated with affected commanders prior to engagement, and short of the line, all fires must be coordinated with the establishing commander prior to engagement. Also called FSCL. (JP 3-09)
See FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-94.2.
fire support coordination measure - (DOD) A measure employed by commanders to facilitate the rapid
engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Also called FSCM. (JP 3-0). See FM 3-09, FM 3-99, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-52.1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-90.5.
fire support coordinator - The brigade combat team's organic field artillery battalion commander; if a fires
brigade is designated as the division force field artillery headquarters, the fires brigade commander is the division's fire support coordinator and is assisted by the chief of fires who then serves as the deputy fire
support coordinator during the period the force field artillery headquarters is in effect. (ADRP 3-09) See
also **fire support**.
fire support officer - (Army) The field artillery officer from the operational to tactical level responsible for
advising the supported commander or assisting the senior fires officer of the organization on fires functions and fire support. (ADRP 3-09)
fire support plan - A plan that that addresses each means of fire support available and describes how Army
indirect fires, joint fires, and target acquisition are integrated with maneuver to facilitate operational success. (FM 3-09)
fire support planning - The continuing process of analyzing, allocating, and scheduling fires to describe how
fires are used to facilitate the actions of the maneuver force. (FM 3-09)
fire support station - (DOD) An exact location at sea within a fire support area from which a fire support ship
delivers fire. Also called FSS. (JP 3-02) See FM 3-09.
fire support team - (DOD) A field artillery team provided for each maneuver company/troop and selected
units to plan and coordinate all supporting fires available to the unit, including mortars, field artillery, naval surface fire support, and close air support integration. Also called FIST. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-09.30. (Army) A field artillery team organic to each maneuver battalion and selected units to plan and coordinate all available company supporting fires, including mortars, field artillery, naval surface fire support, and close air support integration. (ADRP 3-09)
fires warfighting function - The related tasks and systems that provide collective and coordinated use of Army
indirect fires, air and missile defense, and joint fires through the targeting process. (ADRP 3-0)
fire team - A small military unit. (ADRP 3-90)
first aid (self-aid/buddy aid) - Urgent and immediate lifesaving and other measures which can be performed
for casualties (or performed by the victim himself) by nonmedical personnel when medical personnel are not immediately available. (FM 4-02)
fix - A tactical mission task where a commander prevents the enemy from moving any part of his force from a
specific location for a specific period. Fix is also an obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle
effort to slow an attacker's movement within a specified area, normally an engagement area. (FM 3-90-1)
See also block, contain, disrupt, support by fire, tactical mission task, **turn**.
flank - The right or left limit of a unit. (ADRP 3-90)
flank attack - A form of offensive maneuver directed at the flank of an enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
flanking position - A geographical location on the flank of the force from which effective fires can be placed
on that flank. (ADRP 3-90)
flexible deterrent option - (DOD) A planning construct intended to facilitate early decision making by
developing a wide range of interrelated responses that begin with deterrent-oriented actions carefully tailored to create a desired effect. Also called FDO. (JP 5-0) See FM 3-0.
flexible response - (DOD) The capability of military forces for effective reaction to any enemy threat or attack
with actions appropriate and adaptable to the circumstances existing. (JP 5-0) See FM 3-0.
flexibility - The employment of a versatile mix of capabilities, formations, and equipment for conducting
operations. (ADRP 3-0)
follow and assume - A tactical mission task in which a second committed force follows a force conducting an
offensive task and is prepared to continue the mission if the lead force is fixed, attrited, or unable to
continue. (FM 3-90-1) See also attack, fix, follow and support, offensive operations, tactical mission
task.
follow and support - A tactical mission task in which a committed force follows and supports a lead force
conducting an offensive task. (FM 3-90-1) See also direct pressure force, encircling force, **exploitation**,
follow and assume, offensive operations, **tactical mission task**.
follow-on echelon - Those additional forces moved into the objective area after the assault echelon. (FM 3-99)
See also air assault operation, **assault echelon**.
force closure - (DOD) The point in time when a supported joint force commander determines that sufficient
personnel and equipment resources are in the assigned operational area to carry out assigned tasks. (JP 3-35) See ATP 3-35.
force field artillery headquarters - If designated by the supported commander, is normally the senior field
artillery headquarters organic, assigned, attached, or placed under the operational control of that command.
The supported commander specifies the commensurate responsibilities of the force field artillery
headquarters and the duration of those responsibilities. (ADRP 3-09)
force health protection - (DOD) 1. Measures to promote, improve, or conserve the behavioral and physical
well-being of Service members to enable a healthy and fit force, prevent injury and illness, and protect the
force from health hazards. Also called FHP. (JP 4-02) See FM 4-02, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 4-02.55,
ATP 4-02.84. (Army) 2. Encompasses measures to promote, improve, conserve or restore the mental or physical well-being of Soldiers. These measures enable a healthy and fit force, prevent injury and illness, and protect the force from health hazards. These measures also include the prevention aspects of a number of Army Medical Department functions (preventive medicine, including medical surveillance and occupational and environmental health surveillance; veterinary services, including the food inspection and animal care missions, and the prevention of zoonotic disease transmissible to man; combat and operational stress control; dental services (preventive dentistry); and laboratory services [area medical laboratory support]. (FM 4-02)
force projection - (DOD) The ability to project the military instrument of national power from the United
States or another theater, in response to requirements for military operations. (JP 3-0) See ADP 4-0, FM 3-0, FM 4-95, ATP 3-06.20.
force protection - (DOD) Preventive measures taken to mitigate hostile actions against Department of Defense
personnel (to include family members), resources, facilities, and critical information. Also called FP. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-37, FM 4-01, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-07.31.
force protection condition - (DOD) A Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-approved standard for
identification of and recommended responses to terrorist threats against United States personnel and
facilities. Also called FPCON. (JP 3-07.2) See ATP 3-07.31.
force tailoring - The process of determining the right mix of forces and the sequence of their deployment in
support of a joint force commander. (ADRP 3-0)
forcible entry - (DOD) Seizing and holding of a military lodgment in the face of armed opposition. (JP 3-18)
See FM 3-0, FM 3-99, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-91, ATP 3-92.
foreign disaster relief - (DOD) Prompt aid that can be used to alleviate the suffering of foreign disaster
victims. Normally, it includes humanitarian services and transportation; provision of food, clothing, medicine, beds, and bedding; temporary shelter and housing; the furnishing of medical materiel and medical and technical personnel; and making repairs to essential services. (JP 3-29) See ATP 3-57.20.
foreign humanitarian assistance - (DOD) Department of Defense activities conducted outside the United
States and its territories to directly relieve or reduce human suffering, disease, hunger, or privation. Also called FHA. (JP 3-29) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-57, ATP 1-06.2, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-92.
foreign instrumentation signals intelligence - (DOD) A subcategory of signals intelligence, consisting of
technical information and intelligence derived from the intercept of foreign electromagnetic emissions associated with the testing and operational deployment of non-US aerospace, surface, and subsurface systems. Foreign instrumentation signals include but are not limited to telemetry, beaconry, electronic interrogators, and video data links. Also called FISINT. (JP 2-01) See ATP 3-05.20.
foreign intelligence entity - (DOD) Any known or suspected foreign organization, person, or group (public,
private, or governmental) that conducts intelligence activities to acquire US information, block or impair US intelligence collection, influence US policy, or disrupts US systems and programs. The term includes foreign intelligence and security services and international terrorists. Also called FIE. (JP 2-01.2) See ATP 2-22.2-1.
foreign internal defense - (DOD) Participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in any of the
action programs taken by another government or other designated organization to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security. Also called FID. (JP 3-22) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-05, ADRP 3-07, FM 3-0, FM 3-05, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-93.
foreign military sales - (DOD) That portion of United States security assistance authorized by the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended. This assistance differs from the Military Assistance Program and the International Military Education and Training Program in that the recipient provides reimbursement for defense articles and services transferred. Also called FMS. (JP 4-08) See ATP 3-57.30, Title 22 USC Chapters 39 and 2151.
foreign security forces - Forces, including, but not limited to military, paramilitary, police, and intelligence
forces; border police, coast guard, and customs officials; and prison guards and correctional personnel, that provide security for a host nation and its relevant population or support a regional security organization's
mission. (FM 3-22)
forms of maneuver - Distinct tactical combinations of fire and movement with a unique set of doctrinal
characteristics that differ primarily in the relationship between the maneuvering force and the enemy. (ADRP 3-90)
forward air controller - (DOD) An officer (aviator/pilot) member of the tactical air control party who, from a
forward ground or airborne position, controls aircraft in close air support of ground troops. Also called FAC. See also close air support. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 4-01.45.
forward air controller (airborne) - (DOD) A specifically trained and qualified aviation officer, normally an
airborne extension of the tactical air control party, who exercises control from the air of aircraft engaged in close air support of ground troops. Also called FAC(A). (JP 3-09.3) See FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 4-01.45.
forward arming and refueling point - (DOD) A temporary facility, organized, equipped, and deployed to
provide fuel and ammunition necessary for the employment of aviation maneuver units in combat. Also
called **FARP**. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-17.2.
forward boundary - A boundary of an echelon that is primarily designated to divide responsibilities between it
and its next higher echelon (FM 3-90-1)
forward edge of the battle area - (DOD) The foremost limits of a series of areas in which ground combat
units are deployed, excluding the areas in which the covering or screening forces are operating, designated to coordinate fire support, the positioning of forces, or the maneuver of units. Also called FEBA.
(JP 3-09.3) See ADRP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1.
forward line of own troops - (DOD) A line that indicates the most forward positions of friendly forces in any
kind of military operation at a specific time. Also called FLOT. (JP 3-03) See FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-60.2,
ATP 6-02.53.
forward logistics element - Comprised of task-organized multifunctional logistics assets designed to support
fast-moving offensive operations in the early phases of decisive action. Also called FLE. (ATP 4-90)
forward-looking infrared - (DOD) An airborne, electro-optical thermal imaging device that detects farinfrared energy, converts the energy into an electronic signal, and provides a visible image for day or night viewing. Also called FLIR. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-06.1.
forward observer - (DOD) An observer operating with front line troops and trained to adjust ground or naval
gunfire and pass back battlefield information. Also called FO. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.20.
forward operating base - (DOD) An airfield used to support tactical operations without establishing full
support facilities. Also called FOB. (JP 3-09.3) See ADRP 3-0, ATP 3-21.20.
forward operating site - (DOD) A scaleable location outside the United States and US territories intended for
rotational use by operating forces. Such expandable "warm facilities" may be maintained with a limited US
military support presence and possibly pre-positioned equipment. Forward operating sites support rotational rather than permanently stationed forces and are a focus for bilateral and regional training. Also called FOS. (CJCS CM-0007-05) See ATP 3-17.2.
forward passage of lines - Occurs when a unit passes through another unit's positions while moving toward
the enemy. (ADRP 3-90) See also passage of lines, **rearward passage of lines**.
forward resuscitative surgery - Urgent initial surgery required to render a patient transportable for further
evacuation to a medical treatment facility staffed and equipped to provide for the patient's care. (FM 4-02)
463L system - (DOD) A material handling system that consists of military and civilian aircraft cargo restraint
rail systems, aircraft pallets, nets, tie down, coupling devices, facilities, handling equipment, procedures, and other components designed to efficiently accomplish the air logistics and aerial delivery mission. (JP 4-09) See FM 4-01.
fragmentary order - (DOD) An abbreviated form of an operation order issued as needed after an operation
order to change or modify that order or to execute a branch or sequel to that order. Also called FRAGORD. (JP 5-0) See FM 6-0.
fratricide - The unintentional killing or wounding of friendly or neutral personnel by friendly firepower.
(ADRP 3-37)
free-fire area - (DOD) A specific area into which any weapon system may fire without additional coordination
with the establishing headquarters. Also called FFA. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1,
ATP 3-09.34.
frequency deconfliction - (DOD) A systematic management procedure to coordinate the use of the
electromagnetic spectrum for operations, communications, and intelligence functions. Frequency deconfliction is one element of electromagnetic spectrum management. (JP 3-13.1) See ATP 6-02.70.
friendly - (DOD) A contact positively identified as friendly. (JP 3-01) See ADRP 3-37.
friendly force information requirement - (DOD) Information the commander and staff need to understand
the status of friendly and supporting capabilities. Also called FFIR. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 5-0, FM 3-98, FM 6-0, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-21.20.
friendly force tracking - (DOD) The process of fixing, observing, and reporting the location and movement of
friendly forces. Also called FFT. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
frontal attack - A form of maneuver in which the attacking force seeks to destroy a weaker enemy force or fix
a larger enemy force in place over a broad front. (FM 3-90-1)
function - (Army) A practical grouping of tasks and systems (people, organizations, information, and
processes) united by a common purpose. (ADP 1-01)
fusion - Consolidating, combining, and correlating information together. (ADRP 2-0)

## G

gap - 1. An area free of armed mines or obstacles whose width and direction allow a friendly force to pass
through while dispersed in a tactical formation. (ADP 1-02) 3. A ravine, mountain pass, river, or other terrain feature that presents an obstacle that may be bridged. (ATP 3-90.4)
gap crossing - The projection of combat power across a linear obstacle (wet or dry gap). (ATP 3-90.4)
general support - (DOD) 1. That support which is given to the supported force as a whole and not to any
particular subdivision thereof. Also called GS. (JP 3-09.3) See ADRP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 4-02.2.
general supportreinforcing - (Army) A support relationship assigned to a unit to support the force as a whole
and to reinforce another similar-type unit. (ADRP 5-0)
generated obscuration - Obscuration produced by generator systems, smoke pots, and hand grenades.
(ATP 3-11.50)
geospatial data and information - The geographic-referenced and tactical objects and events that support the
unit mission, task, and purpose. (ATP 3-34.80)
geospatial engineering - (DOD) Those engineering capabilities and activities that contribute to a clear
understanding of the physical environment by providing geospatial information and services to commanders and staffs. (JP 3-34) See ATP 2-22.7.
geospatial information - (DOD) Information that identifies the geographic location and characteristics of
natural or constructed features and boundaries on the Earth, including: statistical data and information derived from, among other things, remote sensing, mapping, and surveying technologies; and mapping, charting, geodetic data and related products. (JP 2-03) See ATP 2-22.7.
geospatial information and services - (DOD) The collection, information extraction, storage, dissemination,
and exploitation of geodetic, geomagnetic, imagery, gravimetric, aeronautical, topographic, hydrographic, littoral, cultural, and toponymic data accurately referenced to a precise location on the Earth's surface. Also
called GI&S. (JP 2-03) See FM 3-14, ATP 2-22.7.
geospatial intelligence - (DOD) The exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial information to
describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on the Earth. Geospatial intelligence consists of imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial information. Also called GEOINT. (JP 2-03) See ADRP 2-0, FM 2-0, FM 3-14, FM 3-16, ATP 2-22.7, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-90.1.
global ballistic missile defense - (DOD) Defense against ballistic missile threats that cross one or more
geographical combatant command boundaries and requires synchronization among the affected combatant commands. Also called GBMD. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.3, ATP 3-27.5.
global engagement manager - Provides automated tools and decision aids that enable commanders to exercise
mission command of ballistic missile defense forces deployed within the combatant command area of
responsibility. (ATP 3-27.5)
global force management - (DOD) 1. A process that provides near-term sourcing solutions while providing
the integrating mechanism between force apportionment, allocation, and assignment. Also called GFM. (JP 3-35) See ATP 3-35.
Global Positioning System - (DOD) A satellite-based radio navigation system operated by the Department of
Defense to provide all military, civil, and commercial users with precise positioning, navigation, and timing. Also called GPS. (JP 3-14) See FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
governance - (DOD) The state's ability to serve the citizens through the rules, processes, and behavior by
which interests are articulated, resources are managed, and power is exercised in a society, including the representative participatory decision-making processes typically guaranteed under inclusive, constitutional authority. (JP 3-24) See FM 3-07, FM 3-96.
government-in-exile - A government that has been displaced from its country, but remains recognized as the
legitimate sovereign authority. (ATP 3-05.1)
government-owned containers - Containers purchased by the U.S. Government identified by ISO numbers
starting with USAU or USAX. (ATP 4-12)
grade resistance - The resistance offered by a grade to the progress of a train. Also called GR. (ATP 4-14) graphic control measure - A symbol used on maps and displays to regulate forces and warfighting functions.
(ADRP 6-0)
ground-based interceptor - (DOD) A fixed-based, surface-to-air missile for defense against long-range
ballistic missiles using an exo-atmospheric hit-to-kill interception of the targeted reentry vehicle in the midcourse phase of flight. Also called GBI. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.3.
ground-based midcourse defense - (DOD) A surface-to-air ballistic missile defense system for
exo-atmospheric midcourse phase interception of long-range ballistic missiles using the ground-based interceptors. Also called GMD. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.3, ATP 3-27.5.
gross trailing load - The maximum tonnage that a locomotive can move under given conditions. Also called
GTL. (ATP 4-14)
guard - A security task to protect the main force by fighting to gain time while also observing and reporting
information and preventing enemy ground observation of and direct fire against the main body. Units
conducting a guard mission cannot operate independently because they rely upon fires and functional and multifunctional support assets of the main body. (ADRP 3-90)
guard rail - A rail or series of rails that lay parallel to the running rails of a track that help prevent derailments
by holding wheels in alignment and keeping derailed wheels on the ties. (ATP 4-14)
guarded frequencies - (DOD) A list of time-oriented, enemy frequencies that are currently being exploited for
combat information and intelligence or jammed after the commander has weighed the potential operational gain against the loss of the technical information. (JP 3-13.1) See ATP 6-02.70.
guerrilla - An irregular, predominantly indigenous member of a guerrilla force organized similar to military
concepts and structure in order to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory. Although a guerrilla and guerrilla forces can exist independent of an insurgency, guerrillas normally operate in covert and overt resistance operations of an insurgency. (ATP 3-05.1)
guerrilla base - A temporary site where guerrilla installations, headquarters, and some guerrilla units are
located. A guerrilla base is considered to be transitory and must be capable of rapid displacement by personnel within the base. (ATP 3-05.1)
guerrilla force - (DOD) A group of irregular, predominantly indigenous personnel organized along military
lines to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1.
gun-target line - (DOD) An imaginary straight line from gun to target. Also called GTL. (JP 3-09.3) See
ATP 3-09.30.

## H

hasty breach - (DOD) The creation of lanes through enemy minefields by expedient methods such as blasting
with demolitions, pushing rollers or disabled vehicles through the minefields when the time factor does not permit detailed reconnaissance, deliberate breaching, or bypassing the obstacle. (JP 3-15) See ATP 3-21.20.
hasty crossing - The crossing of an inland water obstacle or other gap using the crossing means at hand or
those readily available, and made without pausing for elaborate preparations. (ATP 3-90.4)
hasty operation - An operation in which a commander directs immediately available forces, using fragmentary
orders, to perform activities with minimal preparation, trading planning and preparation time for speed of
execution. (ADRP 3-90) See also **fragmentary order**.
hazard - (DOD) A condition with the potential to cause injury, illness, or death of personnel; damage to or loss
of equipment or property; or mission degradation. (JP 3-33) See ADP 3-0, ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-37.
hazardous waste - A solid waste that is listed as such in federal law or exhibits any of the hazardous
characteristics of ignitability, corrosiveness, reactivity, or toxicity. Also called HW. (ATP 3-34.5)
hazardous waste accumulation site - A specially designated site for the temporary collection of hazardous
wastes where no container may remain on site without permit for more than a specified duration, of which is correlative to the amount of refuse stored. (ATP 3-34.5)
health service support - (DOD) All services performed, provided, or arranged to promote, improve, conserve,
or restore the mental or physical wellbeing of personnel, which include, but are not limited to, the management of health services resources, such as manpower, monies, and facilities; preventive and curative health measures; evacuation of wounded, injured, or sick; selection of the medically fit and disposition of the medically unfit; blood management; medical supply, equipment, and maintenance thereof; combat and operational stress control; medical, dental, veterinary, laboratory, optometric, nutrition therapy, and medical intelligence services. Also called HSS. (JP 4-02) See FM 4-02, ATP 4-02.55, ATP 4-02.84. (Army) Health service support encompasses all support and services performed, provided, and arranged by the Army Medical Department to promote, improve, conserve, or restore the mental and physical well-being of personnel in the Army. Additionally, as directed, provide support in other Services, agencies, and organizations. This includes casualty care (encompassing a number of Army Medical Department functionsorganic and area medical support, hospitalization, the treatment aspects of dental care and behavioral/neuropsychiatric treatment, clinical laboratory services, and treatment of chemical,
biological, radiological, and nuclear patients), medical evacuation, and medical logistics. (FM 4-02)
health surveillance - (DOD) The regular or repeated collection, analysis, and interpretation of health related
data and the dissemination of information to monitor the health of a population and to identify potential health risks, thereby enabling timely interventions to prevent, treat, reduce, or control disease and injury, which includes occupational and environmental health surveillance and medical surveillance subcomponents. (JP 4-02.) See ATP 4-02.7.
H-hour - (DOD) The specific hour on D-day at which a particular operation commences. (JP 5-0) See
FM 3-99, FM 6-0.
high-payoff target - (DOD) A target whose loss to the enemy will significantly contribute to the success of the
friendly course of action. Also called HPT. (JP 3-60) See FM 3-09, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-92.
high-payoff target list - A prioritized list of high-payoff targets by phase of the operation. (FM 3-09) high-risk personnel - (DOD) Personnel who, by their grade, assignment, symbolic value, or relative isolation,
are likely to be attractive or accessible terrorist targets. Also called HRP. (JP 3-07.2) See ADRP 3-37.
high-value airborne asset protection - (DOD) A defensive counterair mission using fighter escorts that
defend airborne national assets which are so important that the loss of even one could seriously impact United States warfighting capabilities or provide the enemy with significant propaganda value. Also called HVAA protection. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-55.6.
high-value individual - A person of interest who is identified, surveilled, tracked, influenced, or engaged. Also
called HVI. (ATP 3-60)
high-value target - (DOD) A target the enemy commander requires for the successful completion of the
mission. Also called HVT. (JP 3-60) See FM 3-09, FM 3-96, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-92.
historical documents - Documents, materials, and data collected by the field historian to supplement the
official record. (ATP 1-20)
historical monograph - An in-depth, systematically researched and presented historical work that focuses on a
single subject or event. (ATP 1-20)
homeland - (DOD) The physical region that includes the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, United
States possessions and territories, surrounding waters and air space. (JP 3-28) See ADP 3-28, ATP 2-91.7.
homeland defense - (DOD) The protection of United States sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and
critical defense infrastructure against external threats and aggression or other threats as directed by the President. Also called HD. (JP 3-27) See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-28, ATP 4-32.
homeland security - (DOD) A concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States;
reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, major disasters, and other emergencies; and minimize the
damage and recover from attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies that occur. Also called HS.
(JP 3-28) See ADRP 3-28.
honorable service - Support and defense of the Constitution, the American people, and the national interest in
a manner consistent with the Army Ethic. (ADRP 1)
hospital - A medical treatment facility capable of providing inpatient care. It is appropriately staffed and
equipped to provide diagnostic and therapeutic services, as well as the necessary supporting services required to perform its assigned mission and functions. A hospital may, in addition, discharge the functions of a clinic. (FM 4-02)
hostile act - (DOD) An attack or other use of force against the United States, United States forces, or other
designated persons or property to preclude or impede the mission and/or duties of United States forces, including the recovery of United States personnel or vital United States Government property. (JP 3-28) See ATP 3-22.40.
hostile intent - (DOD) The threat of imminent use of force against the United States, United States forces, or
other designated persons or property. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-22.40, ATP 4-02.55.
host nation - (DOD) A nation which receives the forces and/or supplies of allied nation and/or NATO
organizations to be located on, operate in, or to transit through its territory. Also called HN. (JP 3-57) See FM 3-53, FM 3-57, FM 4-01, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 4-15, ATP 4-43, ATP 6-02.70.
host-nation support - (DOD) Civil and/or military assistance rendered by a nation to foreign forces within its
territory during peacetime, crisis or emergencies, or war based agreements mutually concluded between nations. Also called HNS. (JP 4-0) See FM 3-0, FM 3-57, FM 4-01, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-15.
hub - (DOD) An organization that sorts and distributes inbound cargo from wholesale supply sources (airlifted,
sealifted, and ground transportable) and/or from within the theater. See also hub and spoke distribution (JP 4-09) See FM 4-01. (Army) An organization that sorts and distributes inbound cargo from multiple supply sources. (ATP 4-11)
hub and spoke distribution - (DOD) A physical distribution system, in which a major port serves as a central
point from which cargo is moved to and from several radiating points to increase transportation efficiencies and in-transit visibility. (JP 4-09) See FM 4-01.
human intelligence - (DOD) A category of intelligence derived from information collected and provided by
human sources. (JP 2-0) See FM 3-16, FM 3-24, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-90.1. (Army) The collection by a trained human intelligence collector of foreign information from people and multimedia to identify elements, intentions, composition, strength, dispositions, tactics, equipment, and capabilities. Also
called HUMINT. (FM 2-22.3) See also **intelligence**.
humanitarian and civic assistance - (DOD) Assistance to the local populace is specifically authorized by Title
10, United States Code, Section 401, and funded under separate authorities, provided by predominantly United States forces in conjunction with military operations. Also called HCA. (JP 3-29) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.80.
humanitarian assistance coordination center - (DOD) A temporary center established by a geographic
combatant commander to assist with interagency coordination and planning. A humanitarian assistance coordination center operates during the early planning and coordination stages of foreign humanitarian assistance operations by providing the link between the geographic combatant commander and other United
States Government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and international and regional organizations at the strategic level. Also called HACC. (JP 3-29) See FM 3-57.
humanitarian mine action - (DOD) Activities that strive to reduce the social, economic, and environmental
impact of land mines, unexploded ordnance and small arms ammunition - also characterized as explosive remnants of war. (JP 3-15) See ATP 4-32.
hybrid threat - The diverse and dynamic combination of regular forces, irregular forces, terrorist forces, or
criminal elements unified to achieve mutually benefitting threat effects. (ADRP 3-0)
hypo-chlorination - The application of a hypo-chlorinator to feed calcium or sodium hypochlorite. (ATP 4-44)
I

identification - (DOD) 1. The process of determining the friendly or hostile character of an unknown detected
contact. See ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-22.40, ATP 3-55.6. 2. In arms control, the process of determining which nation is responsible for the detected violations of any arms control measure. See ATP 3-01.81. 3. In ground combat operations, discrimination between recognizable objects as being friendly or enemy, or the name that belongs to the object as a member of a class. Also called ID. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-60.2.
imagery - (DOD) A likeness or presentation of any natural or man-made feature or related object or activity,
and the positional data acquired at the same time the likeness or presentation was acquired, including: product produced by space-based national intelligence reconnaissance systems; and likeness and presentations produced by satellites, airborne platforms, unmanned aerial vehicles, or other similar means (except that such term does not include handheld or clandestine photography taken by or on behalf of human intelligence collection organizations). (JP 2-03) See ATP 2-22.7, ATP 3-55.6.
imagery exploitation - (DOD) The cycle of processing, using, interpreting, mensuration and/or manipulating
imagery, and any assembly or consolidation of the results of dissemination. (JP 2-03) See ATP 3-55.6.
imagery intelligence - (DOD) The technical, geographic, and intelligence information derived through the
interpretation or analysis of imagery and collateral materials. Also called IMINT. (JP 2-03) See ATP 2-22.7, ATP 3-05.20.
immediate decontamination - (DOD) Decontamination carried out by individuals immediately upon
becoming contaminated to save lives, minimize casualties, and limit the spread of contamination. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11.
immediate response authority - (DOD) A Federal military commander's, Department of Defense component
head's, and/or responsible Department of Defense civilian official's authority temporarily to employ
resources under their control, subject to any supplemental direction provided by higher headquarters, and provide those resources to save lives, prevent human suffering, or mitigate great property damage in
response to a request for assistance from civil authority, under imminently serious conditions when time
does not permit approval from a higher authority within the United States. Immediate response authority does not permit actions that would subject civilians to the use of military power that is regulatory, prescriptive, proscriptive, or compulsory. (DODD 3025.18) See ADP 3-28, ADRP 3-28, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.
improvisation - The ability to adapt sustainment operations to unexpected situations or circumstances affecting
a mission. (ADP 4-0)
improvised explosive device - (DOD) A weapon that is fabricated or emplaced in an unconventional manner
incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals designed to kill, destroy, incapacitate, harass, deny mobility, or distract. Also called IED. (JP 3-15.1) See ATP 4-01.45, ATP 4-32, ATP 4-32.2.
implied task - (Army) A task that must be performed to accomplish a specified task or mission but is not stated
in the higher headquarters' order. (FM 6-0) See also essential task, **specified task**.
incapacitating agent - (DOD) A chemical agent, which produces temporary disabling conditions that can be
physical or mental and persist for hours or days after exposure to the agent has ceased. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.85.
incident - (DOD) An occurrence, caused by either human action or natural phenomena, that requires action to
prevent or minimize loss of life or damage, loss of, or other risks to property, information, and/or natural resources. (JP 3-28) See ADP 3-28, ADRP 3-28, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.
incident awareness and assessment - (DOD) The Secretary of Defense approved use of Department of
Defense intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and other intelligence capabilities for domestic non-intelligence support for defense support of civil authorities. Also called IAA. (JP 3-28) See ATP 2-91.7.
incident command system (DOD) A standard on-scene emergency management construct designed to aid in
the management of resources during incidents. Also called ICS. (JP 3-28) See ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.
incident management - (DOD) A national comprehensive approach to preventing, preparing for, responding
to, and recovering from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies. (JP 3-28) See ADP 3-28, ATP 3-28.1.
indications - (DOD) In intelligence usage, information in various degrees of evaluation, all of which bear on
the intention of a potential enemy to adopt or reject a course of action. (JP 2-0) See ATP 2-33.4.
indicator - (DOD) In intelligence usage, an item of information which reflects the intention or capability of an
adversary to adopt or reject a course of action. (JP 2-0) See FM 3-98, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-19.4. (Army) In the context of assessment, an item of information that provides insight into a measure of effectiveness or
measure of performance. (ADRP 5-0) See also **intelligence**.
indigenous populations and institutions - (DOD) The societal framework of an operational environment
including citizens, legal and illegal immigrants, dislocated civilians, and governmental, tribal, ethnic, religious, commercial, and private organizations and entities. Also called IPI. (JP 3-57) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.70.
indirect approach - The manner in which a commander attacks the enemy's center of gravity by applying
combat power against a series of decisive points while avoiding enemy strength. (ADRP 3-90)
individual protective equipment - (DOD) In chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear operations, the
personal clothing and equipment required to protect an individual from chemical, biological, and radiological hazards. Also called IPE. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.84.
infiltration - (Army) A form of maneuver in which an attacking force conducts undetected movement through
or into an area occupied by enemy forces to occupy a position of advantage in the enemy rear while exposing only small elements to enemy defensive fires. (FM 3-90-1)
infiltration lane - A control measure that coordinates forward and lateral movement of infiltrating units and
fixes fire planning responsibilities. (FM 3-90-1) See also **infiltration**.
influent - Water flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment operation. (ATP 4-44) information collection - An activity that synchronizes and integrates the planning and employment of sensors
and assets as well as the processing, exploitation, and dissemination systems in direct support of current and future operations. (FM 3-55)
information environment - (DOD) The aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect,
process, disseminate, or act on information. (JP 3-13) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, FM 3-99, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-53.2.
information for effect - Factual information used in publication or broadcast to negatively affect perceptions
and/or damage credibility and capability of the targeted group. (FM 3-53)
information fratricide - Adverse effects on the information environment resulting from a failure to effectively
synchronize the employment of multiple information related capabilities which may impede the conduct of friendly operations or adversely affect friendly forces. (FM 3-13)
information management - (Army) The science of using procedures and information systems to collect,
process, store, display, disseminate, and protect data, information, and knowledge products. (ADRP 6-0) See also situational understanding.
information operations - (DOD) The integrated employment, during military operations, of information
related capabilities in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own. Also called IO. (JP 3-13) See FM 3-0, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 3-99, FM 6-05, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 6-0.5.
information protection - Active or passive measures used to safeguard and defend friendly information and
information systems. (ADRP 6-0)
information-related capabilities - (DOD) A tool, technique, or activity employed within a dimension of the
information environment that can be used to create effects and operationally desirable conditions. Also called IRC. (JP 3-13) See FM 3-07, FM 3-13, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-92.
information-related capability - (DOD) A tool, technique, or activity employed within a dimension of the
information environment that can be used to create effects and operationally desirable conditions. Also called IRC. (JP 3-13) See FM 3-07, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, ATP 3-92.
information requirement - (Army) Any information elements the commander and staff require to successfully
conduct operations. (ADRP 6-0)
information requirements - (DOD) In intelligence usage, those items of information regarding the adversary
and other relevant aspects of the operational environment that need to be collected and processed in order to meet the intelligence requirements of a commander. Also called IR. (JP 2-0) See ADRP 2-0, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-55.6.
information superiority - (DOD) The operational advantage derived from the ability to collect, process, and
disseminate an uninterrupted flow of information while exploiting or denying an adversary's ability to do the same. (JP 3-13) See FM 3-57, FM 3-99, ATP 3-18.4.
information system - (Army) Equipment that collects, processes, stores, displays, and disseminates
information. This includes computershardware and softwareand communications, as well as policies
and procedures for their use. (ADP 6-0)
infrastructure reconnaissance - A multidisciplinary reconnaissance focused on gathering technical
information on the condition and capacity of existing public systems, municipal services, and facilities within an assigned area of operations. (ATP 3-34.81)
initial response force - (Army) A unit designated by the commander to respond to threat attacks or emergency
situations. (FM 3-39)
inland petroleum distribution system - (DOD) A multi-product system consisting of both commercially
available and military standard petroleum equipment that can be assembled by military personnel and,
when assembled into an integrated petroleum distribution system, provides the military with the capability
required to support an operational force with bulk fuels. The inland petroleum distribution system is comprised of three primary subsystems: tactical petroleum terminal, pipeline segments, and pump stations. Also called IPDS. (JP 4-03) See FM 4-01, ATP 4-43.
inpatient - A person admitted to and treated within a Role 3 and 4 hospital and who cannot be returned to duty
within the same calendar day. (FM 4-02)
institutional training domain - The Army's institutional training and education system, which primarily
includes training base centers and schools that provide initial training and subsequent professional military education for Soldiers, military leaders, and Army Civilians. (ADP 7-0)
instruments of national power - (DOD) All of the means available to the government in its pursuit of national
objectives. They are expressed as diplomatic, economic, informational and military. (JP 1) See ATP 3-57.60.
insurgency - (DOD) The organized use of subversion and violence to seize, nullify, or challenge political
control of a region. Insurgency can also refer to the group itself. (JP 3-24) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-20.96, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 4-14.
integrated air and missile defense - (DOD) The integration of capabilities and overlapping operations to
defend the homeland and United States national interests, protect the joint force, and enable freedom of action by negating an adversary's ability to create adverse effects from their air and missile capabilities.
Also called IAMD. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-27.5.
integration - (DOD) 1. In force protection, the synchronized transfer of units into an operational commander's
force prior to mission execution. See FM 6-05. 2, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-92. 2. The arrangement of military forces and their actions to create a force that operates by engaging as a whole. See FM 3-07, FM 3-96, FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.7. ATP 3-21.20. 3. In photography, a process by which the average radar picture seen
on several scans of the time base may be obtained on a print, or the process by which several photographic images are combined into a single image. (JP 1) See FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.7. (Army) Combining all of the elements of sustainment (task, functions, systems, processes, organizations) to operations assuring unity of command and effort. (ADP 4-0)
intelligence - (DOD) 1. The product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, evaluation, analysis,
and interpretation of available information concerning foreign nations, hostile or potentially hostile forces or elements, or areas of actual or potential operations. See ADRP 2-0, ATP 3-01.81, FM 3-24, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-55.6. 2. The
activities that result in the product. See ADRP 2-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-55.6. 3. The organizations engaged in such activities. (JP 2-0) See ADRP 2-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-55.6.
intelligence analysis - The process by which collected information is evaluated and integrated with existing
information to facilitate intelligence production. (ADRP 2-0)
intelligence community - (DOD) All departments or agencies of a government that are concerned with
intelligence activity, either in an oversight, managerial, support, or participatory role. (JP 2-0) See ADRP 2-0.
intelligence estimate - (DOD) The appraisal, expressed in writing or orally, of available intelligence relating to
a specific situation or condition with a view to determining the courses of action open to the enemy or adversary and the order of probability of their adoption. (JP 2-0) See ATP 2-01.3.
intelligence operations - (DOD) The variety of intelligence and counterintelligence tasks that are carried out
by various intelligence organizations and activities within the intelligence process. (JP 2-01) See ATP 2-01, ATP 3-05.1. (Army) The tasks undertaken by military intelligence units and Soldiers to obtain information to satisfy validated requirements. (ADRP 2-0)
intelligence preparation of the battlefield/battlespace - (Army, Marine Corps) The systematic process of
analyzing the mission variables of enemy, terrain, weather, and civil considerations in an area of interest to determine their effect on operations. (Marine Corps) The systematic, continuous process of analyzing the threat and environment in a specific geographic area. Also called IPB. (ATP 2-01.3/MCRP 2-3A)
intelligence preparation of the battlespace - (DOD) The analytical methodologies employed by the Services
or joint force component commands to reduce uncertainties concerning the enemy, environment, time, and terrain. Also called IPB. (JP 2-01.3) See ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.20.
intelligence process - (DOD) The process by which information is converted into intelligence and made
available to users, consisting of the six interrelated intelligence operations: planning and direction, collection, processing and exploitation, analysis and production, dissemination and integration, and evaluation and feedback. (JP 2-01) See ATP 3-55.6.
intelligence reach - The activity by which intelligence organizations proactively and rapidly access
information from, receive support from, and conduct direct collaboration and information sharing with other units and agencies, both within and outside the area of operations, unconstrained by geographic proximity, echelon, or command. (ADRP 2-0)
intelligence requirement - (DOD) 1. Any subject, general or specific, upon which there is a need for the
collection of information, or the production of intelligence. 2. A requirement for intelligence to fill a gap in the command's knowledge or understanding of the operational environment or threat forces. (JP 2-0) See
ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-05.20.
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance - (DOD) An activity that synchronizes and integrates the
planning and operation of sensors, assets, and processing, exploitation, and dissemination systems in direct support of current and future operations. This is an integrated intelligence and operations function. Also called ISR. (JP 2-01) See ADRP 2-0, FM 2-0, FM 3-16, FM 6-05, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2.
intelligence synchronization - The "art" of integrating information collection and intelligence analysis with
operations to effectively and efficiently support decisionmaking. (ADRP 2-0)
intelligence system - (DOD) Any formal or informal system to manage data gathering, to obtain and process
the data, to interpret the data, and to provide reasoned judgments to decision makers as a basis for action. (JP 2-01) See ATP 2-91.7.
intelligence warfighting function - The related tasks and systems that facilitate understanding the enemy,
terrain, weather, civil considerations, and other significant aspects of the operational environment. (ADRP 3-0) See also warfighting function.
interagency - (DOD) Of or pertaining to United States Government agencies and departments, including the
Department of Defense. (JP 3-08) See FM 3-07, FM 3-53, ATP 1-06.2, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
interagency coordination - (DOD) Within the context of Department of Defense involvement, the
coordination that occurs between elements of Department of Defense, and engaged US Government agencies and departments for the purpose of achieving an objective. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-53, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
interdict - A tactical mission task where the commander prevents, disrupts, or delays the enemy's use of an
area or route. (FM 3-90-1) See also delay, disrupt, **tactical mission task**.
interdiction - (DOD) 1. An action to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy's military surface capability
before it can be used effectively against friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives. (JP 3-03) See FM 3-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-91.1, ATP 3-92.
interior lines - Lines on which a force operates when its operations diverge from a central point. (ADRP 3-0) intermediate staging base - (DOD) A tailorable, temporary location used for staging forces, sustainment
and/or extraction into and out of an operational area. Also called ISB. (JP 3-35) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-99, ATP 3-35.
intermodal - (DOD) Type of international freight system that permits transshipping among sea, highway, rail,
and air modes of transportation through use of American National Standards Institute and International Organization for Standardization containers, linehaul assets, and handling equipment. (JP 4-09) See FM 4-01, ATP 4-13.
intermodal operations - The process of using multimodal capabilities (air, sea, highway, rail) and
conveyances (truck, barge, containers, pallets) to move troops, supplies and equipment through expeditionary entry points and the network of specialized transportation nodes to sustain land forces. (ATP 4-13)
internal advisement - A required religious support capability that advises on religion, morals, and morale
within units, and ethical decision making of the command. (ATP 1-05.04)
internal defense and development - (DOD) The full range of measures taken by a nation to promote its
growth and to protect itself from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its
security. Also called IDAD. (JP 3-22) See ADRP 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-57.20,
ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-91.
internal trust - Reliance on the character, competence, and commitment of Army professionals to live by and
uphold the Army Ethic. (ADRP 1)
internally displaced person - (DOD) Any person who has been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their home
or place of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized state border. Also called IDP. (JP 3-29) See FM 3-57.
international military education and training - (DOD) Formal or informal instruction provided to foreign
military students, units, and forces on a nonreimbursable (grant) basis by offices or employees of the United States, contract technicians, and contractors. Instruction may include correspondence courses; technical, educational, or informational publications; and media of all kinds. Also called IMET. (JP 3-22) See ATP 3-57.30.
international organization - (NATO) An intergovernmental, regional or global organization governed by
international law and established by a group of states, with international juridical personality given by international agreement, however characterized, creating enforceable rights and obligations for the purpose of fulfilling a given function and pursuing common aims. (STANAG 3680/AAP-6) See ATP 3-07.31.
interoperability - (DOD) 1.The ability to operate in synergy in the execution of assigned tasks. (JP 3-0)
FM 3-16, FM 4-01, FM 6-05. 2. The condition achieved among communications-electronics systems or items of communications-electronics equipment when information or services can be exchanged directly and satisfactorily between them and/or their users. The degree of interoperability should be defined when referring to specific cases. (JP 6-0) See FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-94.1.
interorganizational coordination - (DOD) The interaction that occurs among elements of the Department of
Defense; engaged United States Government agencies; state, territorial, local, and tribal agencies; foreign military forces and government agencies; intergovernmental organizations; nongovernmental organizations; and the private sector. (JP 3-08) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-07, ATP 2-91.7.
intertheater airlift - (DOD) The common-user airlift linking theaters to the continental United States and to
other theaters as well as the airlift within the continental United States. (JP 3-17) See FM 4-01, ATP 4-48.
interzonal operations - Operations which cross area of operation boundaries of a specific transportation
organization and operate under the area control of more than one headquarters or command. (ATP 4-11)
in-transit visibility - (DOD) The ability to track the identity, status, and location of Department of Defense
units, and non-unit cargo (excluding bulk petroleum, oils, and lubricants) and passengers; patients, and personal property from origin to consignee or destination across the range of military operations. Also called ITV. (JP 4-01.2) See ADP 4-0, FM 3-0, FM 4-01, FM 4-40, FM 4-95, ATP 4-0.1, ATP 4-12.
intratheater airlift - (DOD) Airlift conducted within a theater with assets assigned to a geographic combatant
commander or attached to a subordinate joint force commander. (JP 3-17) See FM 4-01, ATP 4-48.
intrazonal operations - Operations confined within a specific transportation organization's area of operation.
(ATP 4-11)
inventory control - (DOD) That phase of military logistics that includes managing, cataloging, requirements
determinations, procurement, distribution, overhaul, and disposal of materiel. Also called inventory
management; materiel control; materiel management; supply management. (JP 4-09) See ATP 4-42.2.
ionizing radiation - (DOD) Particulate (alpha, beta, and neutron) and electromagnetic (X-ray and gamma)
radiation of sufficient energy to displace electrons from atoms, producing ions. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-50.20.
irregular warfare - (DOD) A violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence
over the relevant population(s). Also called IW. (JP 1) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 6-05, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6.
isolate - A tactical mission task that requires a unit to seal offboth physically and psychologicallyan
enemy from sources of support, deny the enemy freedom of movement, and prevent the isolated enemy
force from having contact with other enemy forces. (FM 3-90-1) See also encirclement, tactical mission
task.
isolated personnel - (DOD) United States military, Department of Defense civilians and contractor personnel
(and others designated by the President or Secretary of Defense) who are separated from their unit (as an individual or a group) while participating in a United States sponsored military activity or mission and are, or may be, in a situation where they must survive, evade, resist, or escape. See also combat search and rescue; search and rescue. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-50.22.
isolated personnel report - (DOD) A Department of Defense form containing information designed to
facilitate the identification and authentication of an isolated person by a recovery force. Also called ISOPREP. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-50.3, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.22, ATP 3-53.1,
DD Form 1833-Test (V2). *Isolated Personnel Report (ISOPREP) Instructions*.
J
joint - (DOD) Connotes activities, operations, organizations, etc., in which elements of two or more Military
Departments participate. (JP 1) See ATP 3-05.20.
joint air attack team - (DOD) A combination of attack and/or scout rotary-wing aircraft and fixed-wing close
air support aircraft operating together to locate and attack high priority targets and other targets of opportunity. Also called JAAT. (JP 3-09.3) See FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42.
joint air-ground integration center - (DOD) A staff organization designed to enhance joint collaborative
efforts to deconflict joint air-ground assets in the division's airspace. Also called JAGIC. (JP 3-09.3) See
ATP 3-60.2.
joint air operations center - (DOD) A jointly staffed facility established for planning, directing, and executing
joint air operations in support of the joint force commander's operation or campaign objectives. Also called
JAOC. (JP 3-30) ATP 3-52.3, ATP 3-60.2.
joint combined exchange training - (DOD) A program conducted overseas to fulfill United States forces
training requirements and at the same time exchange the sharing of skills between United States forces and host nation counterparts. Also called JCET. (JP 3-05) See ATP 3-53.1.
joint deployment and distribution enterprise - (DOD) The complex of equipment, procedures, doctrine,
leaders, technical connectivity, information, shared knowledge, organizations, facilities, training, and materiel necessary to conduct joint distribution operations. Also called JDDE. (JP 4-0) See ATP 4-13.
joint deployment and distribution operations center - (DOD) A combatant command movement control
organization designed to synchronize and optimize national and theater multimodal resources for deployment, distribution, and sustainment, Also called JDDOC. (JP 4-09) See FM 4-01.
joint doctrine - (DOD) Fundamental principles that guide the employment of United States military forces in
coordinated action toward a common objective and may include terms, tactics, techniques, and procedures. (CJCSI 5120.02D) See ADP 1-01.
joint electromagnetic spectrum operations - (DOD) Those activities consisting of electronic warfare and
joint electromagnetic spectrum management operations used to exploit, attack, protect, and manage the
electromagnetic operational environment to achieve the commander's objectives. Also called JEMSO.
(JP 6-01) See ATP 6-02.70.
joint engagement zone - (DOD) In air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which multiple air
defense systems (surface-to-air missiles and aircraft) are simultaneously employed to engage air threats. Also called JEZ. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-01.15.
joint field office - (DOD) A temporary multiagency coordination center established at the incident site to
provide a central location for coordination of federal, state, local, tribal, nongovernmental, and private-sector organizations with primary responsibility for incident oversight, direction, or assistance to effectively coordinate protection, prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery actions. Also called JFO. (JP 3-28) See ATP 2-91.7.
joint fires - (DOD) Fires delivered during the employment of forces from two or more components in
coordinated action to produce desired effects in support of a common objective. (JP 3-0) See ADP 3-09, ADRP 3-09, FM 3-09, FM 6-05, FM 3-52, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-92.
joint fires element - (DOD) An optional staff element that provides recommendations to the operations
directorate to accomplish fires planning and synchronization. Also called JFE. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-60.2.
joint fires observer - (DOD) A trained Service member who can request, adjust, and control surface to surface
fires, provide targeting information in support of Type 2 and 3 close air support terminal attack control, and perform autonomous terminal guidance operations. Also called JFO. (JP 3-09.3) See ADRP 3-09, FM 3-09, FM 3-52, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.20.
joint fire support - (DOD) Joint fires that assist air, land, maritime, and special operations forces to move,
maneuver, and control territory, populations, airspace, and key waters. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-09, FM 3-09, FM 6-05, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-92.
joint force - (DOD) A general term applied to a force composed of significant elements, assigned or attached,
of two or more Military Departments operating under a single joint force commander. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-52.2.
joint force air component commander - (DOD) The commander within a unified command, subordinate
unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking air forces; planning and coordinating air operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFACC. (JP 3-0) See ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
joint force commander - (DOD) A general term applied to a combatant commander, subunified commander,
or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command (command authority) or
operational control over a joint force. Also called JFC. See also joint force. (JP 1) See FM 4-40, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-52.3, ATP 3-60.2.
joint force land component commander - (DOD) The commander within a unified command, subordinate
unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking land forces; planning and coordinating land operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFLCC. (JP 3-0) See ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 4-43.
joint force maritime component commander - (DOD) The commander within a unified command,
subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking maritime forces and assets; planning and coordinating maritime operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFMCC. (JP 3-0) See ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
joint force special operations component commander - (DOD) The commander within a unified command,
subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking special operations forces and assets; planning and coordinating special operations; or accomplishing such
operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFSOCC. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-05, ATP 3-01.94,
ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-76.
joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment - (DOD) The analytical process used by joint
intelligence organizations to produce intelligence estimates and other intelligence products in support of the joint force commander's decision-making process. It is a continuous process that includes defining the operational environment; describing the impact of the operational environment; evaluating the adversary; and determining adversary courses of action. Also called JIPOE. (JP 2-01.3) See ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-55.6.
joint integrated prioritized target list - (DOD) A prioritized list of targets approved and maintained by the
joint force commander. Also called JIPTL. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-60.2.
joint logistics over-the-shore operations - (DOD) Operations in which Navy and Army logistics
over-the-shore forces conduct logistics over-the-shore operations together under a joint force commander. Also called JLOTS. (JP 4-01.6) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 4-15, ATP 4-43.
joint operation planning process - (DOD) An orderly, analytical process that consists of a logical set of steps
to analyze a mission, select the best course of action, and produce a joint operation plan or order. Also called JOPP. (JP 5-0) See ATP 3-57.60.
joint operations - (DOD) Military actions conducted by joint forces and those Service forces employed in
specified command relationships with each other, which of themselves, do not establish joint forces. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-0, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-09.13, ATP 3-52.2.
joint operations area - (DOD) An area of land, sea, and airspace, defined by a geographic combatant
commander or subordinate unified commander, in which a joint force commander (normally a joint task force commander) conducts military operations to accomplish a specific mission. Also called JOA. (JP 3-0) See FM 4-40, FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 4-93.
joint personnel recovery center - (DOD) The primary joint force organization responsible for planning and
coordinating personnel recovery for military operations within the assigned operational area. Also called JPRC. (JP 3-50) See FM 3-50.
joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration - (DOD) A phase of joint force projection
occurring in the operational area during which arriving personnel, equipment, and materiel transition into forces capable of meeting operational requirements. Also called JRSOI. (JP 3-35) See ATP 3-35.
joint restricted frequency list - (DOD) A time and geographically oriented listing of TABOO, PROTECTED,
and GUARDED functions, nets, and frequencies and limited to the minimum number of frequencies necessary for friendly forces to accomplish objectives. Also called JRFL. (JP 3-13.1) See ATP 6-02.70.
joint special operations air component commander - (DOD) The commander within a force special
operations command responsible for planning and executing joint special operations air activities. Also called JSOACC. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, ATP 3-76.
joint special operations area - (DOD) An area of land, sea, and airspace assigned by a joint force commander
to the commander of a joint special operations force to conduct special operations activities. Also called JSOA. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 6-05, ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-76.
joint special operations task force - (DOD) A joint task force composed of special operations units from more
than one Service, formed to carry out a specific special operation or prosecute special operations in support of a theater campaign or other operations. Also called JSOTF. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-18, FM 6-05, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-75, ATP 3-76.
joint targeting coordination board - (DOD) A group formed by the joint force commander to accomplish
broad targeting oversight functions that may include but are not limited to coordinating targeting information, providing targeting guidance, synchronization, and priorities, and refining the joint integrated prioritized target list. Also called JTCB. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-09.34.
joint task force - (DOD) A joint force that is constituted and so designated by the Secretary of Defense, a
combatant commander, subunified commander, or an existing joint task force commander. Also called JTF.
(JP 1) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-52.3, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.70.
joint terminal attack controller - (DOD) A qualified (certified) Service member who, from a forward
position, directs the action of combat aircraft engaged in close air support and other offensive air operations. Also called JTAC. (JP 3-09.3) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 4-01.45.
jumpmaster - (DOD) The assigned airborne qualified individual who controls paratroops from the time they
enter the aircraft until they exit. (JP 3-17) See ATP 3-18.11.

## K

key communicator - An individual to whom the target audience turns most often for an analysis or
interpretation of information and events. (FM 3-53)
key leader engagement - Planned meeting(s) with an influential leader with the intent of building a
relationship that facilitates communication and cooperation across a wider population. (FM 3-53)
key tasks - Those activities the force must perform as a whole to achieve the desired end state. (ADRP 5-0) key terrain - (DOD) (DOD) Any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked advantage
to either combatant. (JP 2-01.3) See FM 3-12, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4,
ATP 3-06, ATP 3-21.20.
kill box - (DOD) A three-dimensional permissive fire support coordination measure with an associated airspace
coordinating measure used to facilitate the integration of joint fires. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
kill box coordinator - The aircraft assigned responsibility to de-conflict aircraft and manage/direct effective
target engagement in a kill box. Also called KBC. (ATP 3-09.34)
kill zone - That part of an ambush site where fire is concentrated to isolate, fix, and destroy the enemy. See also
ambush, destroy, fix, isolate. (FM 3-90-1)
knowledge management - The process of enabling knowledge flow to enhance shared understanding, learning,
and decisionmaking. (ADRP 6-0)

## L

land domain - (DOD) The area of the Earth's surface ending at the high water mark and overlapping with the
maritime domain in the landward segment of the littorals. (JP 3-31) See ADP 1-01.
landing area - (DOD) 1. That part of the operational area within which are conducted the landing operations of
an amphibious force. 2. In airborne operations, the general area used for landing troops and materiel either by airdrop or air landing. 3. Any specially prepared or selected surface of land, water, or deck designated or used for takeoff and landing of aircraft. (JP 3-02) See ATP 3-17.2.
landing zone - (DOD) Any specific zone used for the landing of aircraft. Also called LZ. (JP 3-17) See
ATP 3-17.2, ATP 3-60.1.
land mine - A munition on or near the ground or other surface area that is designed to be exploded by the
presence, proximity, or contact of a person or vehicle. (ATP 3-90.8)
landpower - The abilityby threat, force, or occupationto gain, sustain, and exploit control over land,
resources, and people. (ADRP 3-0)
LandWarNet - The Army's portion of the Department of Defense information networks. A technical network
that encompasses all Army information management systems and information systems that collect, process, store, display, disseminate, and protect information worldwide. (FM 6-02)
lane - A route through, over, or around an enemy or friendly obstacle that provides passage of a force.
(ATP 3-90.4)
lane training exercise - A standardized and structured exercise or simulation used to train on one or more
collective tasks that includes a designated area, terrain, or facility. Also called LTX. (FM 7-0)
lateral boundary - A boundary that extends from the rear boundary to the unit's forward boundary.
(FM 3-90-1)
latest arrival date - (DOD) A day, relative to C-Day, that is specified by the supported combatant commander
as the latest date when a unit, a resupply shipment, or replacement personnel can arrive at the port of debarkation and support the concept of operations. Also called LAD. (JP 5-0) See FM 4-01.
latest time information is of value - The time by which an intelligence organization or staff must deliver
information to the requestor in order to provide decisionmakers with timely intelligence. This must include the time anticipated for processing and disseminating that information as well as for making the decision. Also called LTIOV. (ATP 2-01)
law enforcement interrogation - The systematic effort by law enforcement investigators to prove, disprove, or
corroborate information relevant to a criminal investigation using direct questioning in a controlled environment. (ATP 3-39.10)
law of war - (DOD) That part of international law that regulates the conduct of armed hostilities. Also called
the law of armed conflict. (JP 1-04) See ADP 3-0, ADRP 3-0, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-60.1. (Army) Also called the law of armed conflictis that part of international law that regulates the conduct of armed
hostilities. (FM 27-10)
lead agency - (DOD) The US Government agency designated to coordinate the interagency oversight of the
day-to-day conduct of an ongoing operation. (JP 3-08) See FM 3-16.
lead Service or agency for common-user logistics - (DOD) A Service component or Department of Defense
agency that is responsible for execution of common-user item or service support in a specific combatant command or multinational operation as defined in the combatant or subordinate joint force commander's operation plan, operation order, and/or directives. (JP 4-0) See FM 4-95.
leadership - The process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish
the mission and improve the organization. (ADP 6-22)
letter of authorization - (DOD) A document issued by the procuring contracting officer or designee that
authorizes contractor personnel authorized to accompany the force to travel to, from, and within the
operational area; and, outlines government furnished support authorizations within the operational area. Also called LOA. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10.
level I threat - A small enemy force that can be defeated by those units normally operating in the echelon
support area or by the perimeter defenses established by friendly bases and base clusters. (ATP 3-91)
level II threat - An enemy force or activities that can be defeated by a base or base cluster's defensive
capabilities when augmented by a response force. (ATP 3-91)
level III threat - An enemy force or activities beyond the defensive capability of both the base and base cluster
and any local reserve or response force. (ATP 3-91)
level of detail - (DOD) Within the current joint planning and execution system, movement characteristics for
both personnel and cargo are described at six distinct levels of detail. Levels I, V, and VI describe personnel and Levels I through IV and VI for cargo. Levels I through IV are coded and visible in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System automated data processing. Levels V and VI are used by Joint
Operation Planning and Execution System automated data processing feeder systems. a. level I - personnel:
expressed as total number of passengers by unit line number. Cargo: expressed in total short tons, total measurement tons, total square feet, and total thousands of barrels by unit line number. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants is expressed by thousands of barrels by unit line number. b. level II - cargo: expressed by short tons and measurement tons of bulk, oversize, outsize, and non-air transportable cargo by unit line number. Also square feet for vehicles and non self-deployable aircraft and boats by unit line number. c. level III - cargo: detail by cargo category code expressed as short tons and measurement tons as well as square feet associated to that cargo category code for an individual unit line number. d. level IV - cargo: detail for individual dimensional data expressed in length, width, and height in number of inches, and weight/volume in short tons/measurement tons, along with a cargo description. Each cargo item is associated with a cargo category code and a unit line number). e. level V - personnel: any general summarization/aggregation of level VI detail in distribution and deployment. f. level VI - personnel: detail expressed by name, Service, military occupational specialty and unique identification number. Cargo: detail expressed by association to a transportation control number or single tracking number or item of equipment to include federal stock number/national stock number and/or requisition number. Nested cargo, cargo that is contained within another equipment item, may similarly be identified. Also called JOPES level of detail. (CJCSM 3122.01A) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
levels of warfare - A framework for defining and clarifying the relationship among national objectives, the
operational approach, and tactical tasks. (ADP 1-01)
L-hour - (DOD) The specific hour on C-day at which a deployment operation commences or is to commence.
(JP 5-0) FM 6-0.
liaison - (DOD) That contact or intercommunication maintained between elements of military forces or other
agencies to ensure mutual understanding and unity of purpose and action. (JP 3-08) See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 5-0, FM 6-0, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-94.2.
lighterage - (DOD) The process in which small craft are used to transport cargo or personnel from
ship-to-shore using amphibians, landing craft, discharge lighters, causeways, and barges. (JP 4-01.6) See FM 4-01, ATP 4-13, ATP 4-15.
limited depositary account - A checking account in a United States or foreign commercial bank that is
designated by the Treasury Department to receive deposits from Disbursing Officers for credit to their official limited depositary checking accounts. (FM 1-06)
limit of advance - A phase line used to control forward progress of the attack. The attacking unit does not
advance any of its elements or assets beyond the limit of advance, but the attacking unit can push its
security forces to that limit. Also called LOA. (ADRP 3-90)
line formation - When a unit's subordinate ground maneuver elements move abreast of each other.
(FM 3-90-1)
line haul - An operation in which vehicles cannot make more than one round trip per day due to distance,
terrain restrictions, or transit time. (ATP 4-11)
line of communications - (DOD) A route, either land, water, and/or air, that connects an operating military
force with a base of operations and along which supplies and military forces move. Also called LOC. (JP 2-01.3) See FM 3-90-1, FM 4-01, FM 4-40, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-60.2.
line of communications bridging - Bridges used to establish semipermanent or permanent support to road
networks. (ATP 3-90.4)
line of contact - A general trace delineating the locations where friendly and enemy forces are engaged.
(FM 3-90-1) See also forward edge of the battle area, forward line of own troops, **line of departure**.
line of demarcation - (DOD) A line defining the boundary of a buffer zone used to establish the forward limits
of disputing or belligerent forces after each phase of disengagement or withdrawal has been completed. (JP 3-07.3) See ATP 3-07.31.
line of departure - (Army) A phase line crossed at a prescribed time by troops initiating an offensive
operation. Also called LD. (ADRP 3-90) See also line of contact, **phase line**.
line of effort - (DOD) In the context of joint operation planning, using the purpose (cause and effect) to focus
efforts toward establishing operational and strategic conditions by linking multiple tasks and missions. Also called LOE. (JP 5-0) See FM 3-24. (Army) A line that links multiple tasks using the logic of purpose rather than geographical reference to focus efforts toward establishing a desired end state. (ADRP 3-0)
line of fire - 1. As it relates to the principle of the reciprocal laying of field artillery weapons, any line parallel
to the azimuth of fire. 2. The direction of the line established by the tube or any line parallel to that line in the firing battery. (ATP 3-09.50)
line of operation(s) - (DOD) A line that defines the interior or exterior orientation of the force in relation to the
enemy or that connects actions on nodes and/or decisive points related in time and space to an objective(s). Also called LOO. (JP 5-0) See FM 3-24. (Army) A line that defines the directional orientation of a force in time and space in relation to the enemy and links the force with its base of operations and objectives. (ADRP 3-0)
line of sight - (Army, Marine Corps) The unobstructed path from a Soldier's/*Marine's* weapon, weapon sight,
electronic sending and receiving antennas, or piece of reconnaissance equipment from one point to another. (ATP 2-01.3/MCRP-3-3A)
lines of patient drift - Natural routes along which wounded Soldiers may be expected to go back for medical
care from a combat position. (ATP 4-02.2)
link - (DOD) 1. A behavioral, physical, or functional relationship between nodes. See FM 3-57. 2. In
communications, a general term used to indicate the existence of communications facilities between two points. 3. A maritime route, other than a coastal or transit route, which links any two or more routes. (JP 3-0) See ATP 3-57.70.
linkup - A meeting of friendly ground forces, which occurs in a variety of circumstances. (ADRP 3-90)
linkup point - The point where two infiltrating elements in the same or different infiltration lanes are
scheduled to meet to consolidate before proceeding on with their missions. (FM 3-90-1)
local haul - An operation in which vehicles can make two or more round trips per day based on distance and
transit time. (ATP 4-11)
local security - A security task that includes low-level security activities conducted near a unit to prevent
surprise by the enemy. (ADRP 3-90) See also **security operations**.
lodgment - (DOD) A designated area in a hostile or potentially hostile operational area that, when seized and
held, makes the continuous landing of troops and materiel possible and provides maneuver space for subsequent operations. (JP 3-18) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-99, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-91.
logistics - (DOD) Planning and executing the movement and support of forces. (JP 4-0) See ATP 3-06,
ATP 4-48. (Army) Planning and executing the movement and support of forces. It includes those aspects of military operations that deal with: design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation and disposition of materiel, acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities, and acquisition or furnishing of services. (ADP 4-0)
logistics package - A grouping of multiple classes of supply and supply vehicles under the control of a single
convoy commander. Also called LOGPAC. (FM 3-90-1) See also **classes of supply**.
logistics over-the-shore operations - (DOD) The loading and unloading of ships without the benefit of deep
draft-capable, fixed port facilities; or as a means of moving forces closer to tactical assembly areas dependent on threat force capabilities. Also called LOTS operations. (JP 4-01.6) See ATP 3-34.84, ATP 4-15.
low visibility operations - (DOD) Sensitive operations wherein the political-military restrictions inherent in
covert and clandestine operations are either not necessary or not feasible; actions are taken as required to limit exposure of those involved and/or their activities. Execution of these operations is undertaken with the knowledge that the action and/or sponsorship of the operation may preclude plausible denial by the
initiating power. (JP 3-05) See ATP 3-05.1.

## M

main battle area - The area where the commander intends to deploy the bulk of the unit's combat power and
conduct decisive operations to defeat an attacking enemy. Also called MBA. (ADRP 3-90) See also
combat power, defensive operations, **forward edge of the battle area**.
main body - The principal part of a tactical command or formation. It does not include detached elements of
the command, such as advance guards, flank guards, and covering forces. (ADRP 3-90) See also covering
force, **flank guard**.
main command post - A facility containing the majority of the staff designed to control current operations,
conduct detailed analysis, and plan future operations. (FM 6-0)
main effort - A designated subordinate unit whose mission at a given point in time is most critical to overall
mission success. (ADRP 3-0)
main supply route - (DOD) The route or routes designated within an operational area upon which the bulk of
traffic flows in support of military operations. Also called MSR. (JP 4-01.5) See FM 3-90-1, FM 4-01.
main track - Track that extends through yards and between stations. (ATP 4-14)
major operation - (DOD) A series of tactical actions (battles, engagements, strikes) conducted by combat
forces of a single or several Services, coordinated in time and place, to achieve strategic or operational objectives in an operational area. See ADRP 3-0, ATP 3-07.5.
manned unmanned teaming - The integrated maneuver of Army Aviation rotary wing and unmanned aircraft
system to conduct movement to contact, attack, reconnaissance, and security tasks. Also called MUM-T. (FM 3-04)
maneuver - (DOD) 1. A movement to place ships, aircraft, or land forces in a position of advantage over the
enemy. See FM 3-07. 2. A tactical exercise carried out at sea, in the air, on the ground, or on a map in imitation of war. See FM 3-07. 3. The operation of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle, to cause it to perform desired movements. See FM 3-07, ATP 3-18.14. 4. Employment of forces in the operational area through movement in combination with fires to achieve a position of advantage in respect to the enemy. (JP 3-0) See ADP 3-0, ADRP 3-0, ADP 3-90, ADRP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-96, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-21.20.
maneuver support operations - Integrate the complementary and reinforcing capabilities of mobility,
countermobility, protection, and sustainment tasks to enhance decisive action. (FM 3-81)
march column - A march column consists of all elements using the same route for a single movement under
control of a single commander. (FM 3-90-2) See also march serial, **march unit**.
march serial - A major subdivision of a march column that is organized under one commander who plans,
regulates, and controls the serial. (FM 3-90-2) See also march column, **march unit**.
march unit - A subdivision of a march serial. It moves and halts under the control of a single commander who
uses voice and visual signals. (FM 3-90-2) See also march column, **march serial**.
Marine air command and control system - (DOD) A system that provides the aviation combat element
commander with the means to command, coordinate, and control all air operations within an assigned sector and to coordinate air operations with other Services. It is composed of command and control agencies with communications-electronics equipment that incorporates a capability from manual through semiautomatic control. Also called MACCS. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-60.2.
marking obscuration - Obscuration effects that are employed to mark targets for destruction by lethal fires,
identify friendly positions and locations, and provide a form of prearranged area of operations communications. (ATP 3-11.50)
marshalling - (DOD) 1. The process by which units participating in an amphibious or airborne operation group
together or assemble when feasible or move to temporary camps in the vicinity of embarkation points, complete preparations for combat, or prepare for loading. (JP 3-17) See FM 3-99.
marshalling area - (DOD) A location in the vicinity of a reception terminal or pre-positioned equipment
storage site where arriving unit personnel, equipment, materiel, and accompanying supplies are
reassembled, returned to the control of the unit commander, and prepared for onward movement. See also marshalling. (JP 3-35) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
mass atrocity response operations - (DOD) Military activities conducted to prevent or halt mass atrocities.
Also called MARO. (JP 3-07.3) See ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31.
mass casualty - (DOD) Any large number of casualties produced in a relatively short period of time, usually as
the result of a single incident such as a military aircraft accident, hurricane, flood, earthquake, or armed attack that exceeds local logistic support capabilities. Also called MASCAL. (JP 4-02) See FM 4-02, ATP 4-02.2, ATP 4-02.7.
massed fire - (DOD) 1. The fire of the batteries of two or more ships directed against a single target. 2. Fire
from a number of weapons directed at a single point or small area. (JP 3-02) See FM 3-09, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20.
materiel - (DOD) All items necessary to equip, operate, maintain, and support military activities without
distinction as to its application for administrative or combat purposes. (JP 4-0) See ATP 3-22.40, ATP 3-90.15, ATP 4-42.2, ATP 4-90.
M-day - (DOD) Mobilization day; unnamed day on which mobilization of forces begins. (JP 4-06) See FM 6-0. measurement and signature intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence obtained by quantitative and qualitative
analysis of data (metric, angle, spatial, wavelength, time dependence, modulation, plasma, and hydromagnetic) derived from specific technical sensors for the purpose of identifying any distinctive features associated with the emitter or sender, and to facilitate subsequent identification and/or measurement of the same. The detected feature may be either reflected or emitted. Also called MASINT. (JP 2-0) See FM 3-16, ATP 3-05.20.
measurement ton - (DOD) The unit of volumetric measurement of equipment associated with surfacedelivered cargo equal to the total cubic feet divided by 40. Also called MTON. (JP 4-01.5) See ATP 4-13.
measure of effectiveness - (DOD) A criterion used to assess changes in system behavior, capability, or
operational environment that is tied to measuring the attainment of an end state, achievement of an objective, or creation of an effect. Also called MOE. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-07, ADRP 3-37, ADRP 5-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-24, FM 3-57, FM 6-0, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.4, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 6-01.1.
measure of performance - (DOD) A criterion used to assess friendly actions that is tied to measuring task
accomplishment. Also called MOP. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 5-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-13, FM 3-24, FM 3-57, FM 6-0, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 6-01.1.
media source analysis - The systematic comparison of the content, behavior, patterns, and trends of organic
media organizations and sources of a country. (ATP 2-22.9)
medical evacuation - The process of moving any person who is wounded, injured, or ill to and/or between
medical treatment facilities while providing en route medical care. (FM 4-02)
medical regulating - (DOD) The actions and coordination necessary to arrange for the movement of patients
through the roles of care and to match patients with a medical treatment facility that has the necessary health service support capabilities, and available bed space. (JP 4-02) See FM 4-02, ATP 4-02.2, ATP 4-02.55.
medical surveillance - (DOD) The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data derived
from instances of medical care or medical evaluation, and the reporting of population-based information for characterizing and countering threats to a population's health, well-being and performance. (JP 4-02) See
ATP 4-02.7.
medical treatment facility - (DOD) A facility established for the purpose of furnishing medical and/or dental
care to eligible individuals. (JP 4-02) See FM 4-02. (Army) Any facility established for the purpose of providing medical treatment. This includes battalion aid stations, Role 2 facilities, dispensaries, clinics, and hospitals. (FM 4-02)
meeting engagement - A combat action that occurs when a moving force, incompletely deployed for battle,
engages an enemy at an unexpected time and place. (FM 3-90-1)
mensuration - (DOD) The process of measurement of a feature or location on the earth to determine an
absolute latitude, longitude, and elevation. (JP 3-60) See FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42,
ATP 3-91.1.
mentorship - The voluntary developmental relationship that exists between a person of greater experience and
a person of lesser experience that is characterized by mutual trust and respect. (AR 600-100) See ADRP 6-22.
message - (DOD) 1. Any thought or idea expressed briefly in a plain or secret language and prepared in a form
suitable for transmission by any means of communication. (JP 6-0) See ATP 3-53.2. 2. A narrowly focused communication directed at a specific audience to support a specific theme. (JP 3-61) See FM 3-13, FM 3-53, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 6-02.53.
midcourse phase - (DOD) That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile between the boost phase and the
terminal phase. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5.
Military Assistance Program - (DOD) That portion of the US security assistance authorized by the Foreign
Assistance Act of l961, as amended, which provides defense articles and services to recipients on a nonreimbursable (grant) basis. Also called MAP. (JP 3-22) See ATP 3-57.30, Title 22 USC Chapter 2151.
military civic action - (DOD) Programs and projects managed by United States forces but executed primarily
by indigenous military or security forces that contribute to the economic and social development of a host nation civil society thereby enhancing the legitimacy and social standing of the host nation government and its military forces. Also called MCA. (JP 3-57) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30.
military deception - (DOD) Actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military decision makers as to
friendly military capabilities, intentions, and operations, thereby causing the adversary to take specific actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly mission. Also called MILDEC. (JP 3-13.4) See ADRP 6-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-13, FM 3-53, ATP 3-53.1.
military decisionmaking process - An interactive planning methodology to understand the situation and
mission, develop a courses of action, and produce an operation plan or order. Also called MDMP.
(ADP 5-0) See also operation order, **operation plan**.
military engagement - (DOD) Routine contact and interaction between individuals or elements of the Armed
Forces of the United States and those of another nation's armed forces, or foreign and domestic civilian
authorities or agencies to build trust and confidence, share information, coordinate mutual activities, and maintain influence. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-0, FM 3-07, ATP 3-92.
military expertise - Ethical design, generation, support, and application of landpower, primarily in unified land
operations, and all supporting capabilities essential to accomplish the mission in defense of the American people. (ADRP 1)
military information support operations - (DOD) Planned operations to convey selected information and
indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals in a manner favorable to the originator's objectives. Also called MISO. (JP 3-13.2) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-18,
FM 3-53, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-53.2.
Military Sealift Command - (DOD) A major command of the United States Navy reporting to Commander
Fleet Forces Command, and the United States Transportation Command's component command
responsible for designated common-user sealift transportation services to deploy, employ, sustain, and redeploy United States forces on a global basis. Also called MSC. (JP 4-01.2) See FM 4-01, ATP 4-43.
mine - (DOD) 2. In naval mine warfare, an explosive device laid in the water with the intention of damaging or
sinking ships or of deterring shipping from entering an area. (JP 3-15) See ATP 4-32.2.
minefield - (DOD) 1. In land warfare, an area of ground containing mines emplaced with or without a pattern.
2. In naval warfare, an area of water containing mines emplaced with or without a pattern. See also mine; mine warfare. (JP 3-15) See ATP 4-32.2.
misinformation - Incorrect information from any source that is released for unknown reasons or to solicit a
response or interest from a non-political or nonmilitary target. (FM 3-53)
missile defense - (DOD) Defense measures designed to destroy attacking enemy missiles, or to nullify or
reduce the effectiveness of such attack. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-55.6.
mission - (DOD) 1. The task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the
reason therefore. (JP 3-0) See ADP 1-01, ADP 5-0, ADRP 5-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20.
mission command - (Army) The exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to
enable disciplined initiative within the commander's intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the
conduct of unified land operations. (ADP 6-0) See also commander's intent, **mission orders**. (DOD) The
conduct of military operations through decentralized execution based upon mission-type orders. (JP 3-31) See FM 3-01, ATP 3-06.1.
mission command system - The arrangement of personnel, networks, information systems, processes and
procedures, and facilities and equipment that enable commanders to conduct operations. (ADP 6-0)
mission command warfighting function - The related tasks and systems that develop and integrate those
activities enabling a commander to balance the art of command and the science of control in order to integrate the other warfighting functions. (ADRP 3-0)
mission configured load - An ammunition load configured to support specific mission requirements across
task forces or organizations. (ATP 4-35)
mission creep - Tangential efforts to assist in areas of concern unrelated to assigned duties that cripple efficient
mission accomplishment. (FM 3-16)
mission-essential task - A collective task on which an organization trains to be proficient in its designed
capabilities or assigned mission. Also called MET. (FM 7-0) See also **mission-essential task list**.
mission-essential task list - A tailored group of mission-essential tasks. Also called METL. (FM 7-0) See also
mission-essential task.
mission orders - Directives that emphasize to subordinates the results to be attained, not how they are achieve
them. (ADP 6-0) See also **mission command**.
mission-oriented protective posture - (DOD) A flexible system of protection against chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear contamination in which personnel are required to wear only that protective clothing and equipment appropriate to the threat level, work rate imposed by the mission, temperature, and humidity. Also called MOPP. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.7.
mission statement - (DOD) A short sentence or paragraph that describes the organization's essential task(s),
purpose, and action containing the elements of who, what, when, where, and why. (JP 5-0) See ADP 1-01, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-57.60.
mission support site - A preselected area used as a temporary base or stopover point. The mission support site
is used to increase the operational range within the joint special operations area. (ATP 3-05.1)
mission variables - The categories of specific information needed to conduct operations. (ADP 1-01)
mixing - Using two or more different assets to collect against the same intelligence requirement. (FM 3-90-2)
mobile defense - A defensive task that concentrates on the destruction or defeat of the enemy through a
decisive attack by a striking force. (ADRP 3-90)
mobile security force - (DOD) A highly mobile and dedicated security force with the capability to defeat
Level I and II threats in a joint security area. Also called MSF. (JP 3-10) See ATP 4-01.45.
mobility - (DOD) A quality or capacity of military forces which permits them to move from place to place
while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission. (JP 3-17) See ADRP 3-90, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1,
ATP 3-21.20.
mobility corridor - (DOD) Areas that are relatively free of obstacles where a force will be canalized due to
terrain restrictions allowing military forces to capitalize on the principles of mass and speed. (JP 2-01.3) See ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4.
mobility tasks - Those combined arms activities that mitigate the effects of obstacles to enable freedom of
movement and maneuver. (ATP 3-90.4)
mobilization - (DOD) 1. The process of assembling and organizing national resources to support national
objectives in time of war or other emergencies. See also industrial mobilization. 2. The process by which the Armed Forces or part of them are brought to a state of readiness for war or other national emergency. Which includes activating all or part of the Reserve Component as well as assembling and organizing personnel, supplies, and materiel. Also called MOB. (JP 4-05) See FM 4-01, ATP 4-02.1.
mode operations - The execution of movements using various conveyances (truck, lighterage, railcar, aircraft)
to transport cargo. (ADRP 4-0)
modified combined obstacle overlay - (DOD) A joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment
product used to portray the militarily significant aspects of the operational environment, such as obstacles restricting military movement, key geography, and military objectives. Also called MCOO. (JP 2-01.3) See ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16.
monitoring - Continuous observation of those conditions relevant to the current operation. (ADRP 5-0)
motor transportation - A ground support transportation function that includes moving and transferring units,
personnel, equipment and supplies by vehicle to support the operations. (ATP 4-11)
movement and maneuver warfighting function - The related tasks and systems that move and employ forces
to achieve a position of relative advantage over the enemy and other threats. (ADRP 3-0) See also
warfighting function.
movement control - (DOD) The planning, routing, scheduling, and control of personnel and cargo movements
over lines of communications, includes maintaining in-transit visibility of forces and material through the deployment and/or redeployment process. (JP 4-01.5) See ADRP 3-90, ATP 4-48. (Army) The dual process of committing allocated transportation assets and regulating movements according to command priorities to
synchronize distribution flow over lines of communications to sustain land forces. (ADRP 4-0)
movement control team - (DOD) An Army team used to decentralize the execution of movement
responsibilities on an area basis or at key transportation nodes. Also called MCT. (JP 4-09) See FM 4-01.
movement corridor - A designated area established to protect and enable ground movement along a route.
(FM 3-81)
movement to contact - (Army) An offensive task designed to develop the situation and establish or regain
contact. (ADRP 3-90)
mounted march - The movement of troops and equipment by combat and tactical vehicles. (FM 3-90-2)
multiechelon training - A training technique that allows for the simultaneous training of more than one
echelon on different or complementary tasks. (ADRP 7-0)
multimodal The movement of cargo and personnel using two or more transportation methods (air, highway,
rail, sea) from point of origin to destination. (ATP 4-13)
multinational doctrine - (DOD) The agreed upon fundamental principles that guide the employment of forces
of two or more nations in coordinated action toward a common objective. (JP 3-16) See ADP 1-01.
multinational logistics - (DOD) Any coordinated logistic activity involving two or more nations supporting a
multinational force conducting military operations under the auspices of an alliance or coalition, including
those conducted under United Nations mandate. Also called MNL. (JP 4-08) See FM 4-95.
multinational operations - (DOD) A collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or
more nations, usually undertaken within the structure of a coalition or alliance. (JP 3-16) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-09, FM 3-16, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 6-0.5.
multi-Service publication - (DOD) A publication containing principles, terms, tactics, techniques, and
procedures used and approved by the forces of two or more Services to perform a common military function consistent with approved joint doctrine. (CJCSM 5120.01A) See ADP 1-01.
multispectral imagery - (DOD) The image of an object obtained simultaneously in a number of discrete
spectral bands. Also called MSI. (JP 3-14). See FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
munition - A complete device charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition or
chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear material, for use in operations, including demolitions. (FM 4-30)
music headquarters - The mission command element of a music performance unit. Also called MHQ.
(ATP 1-19)
music performance detachment - An organic musical unit of a parent music performance unit at a
non-collocated installation. Also called MPD. (ATP 1-19)
music performance team - A compact, modular unit designed to serve as the building block of the music
performance unit. Also called MPT. (ATP 1-19)
music performance unit - A modular music unit in Army force structure. Also called MPU. (ATP 1-19)
mutual support - (DOD) That support which units render each other against an enemy, because of their
assigned tasks, their position relative to each other and to the enemy, and their inherent capabilities. (JP 3-31) See ADP 3-0, ADRP 3-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.20.

## N

named area of interest - (DOD) A geospatial area or systems node or link against which information that will
satisfy a specific information requirement can be collected. Named areas of interest are usually selected to capture indications of adversary courses of action, but also may be related to conditions of the operational environment. (JP 2-01.3) See FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-98, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-21.20,
ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2.
national defense strategy - (DOD) A document approved by the Secretary of Defense for applying the Armed
Forces of the United States in coordination with Department of Defense agencies and other instruments of national power to achieve national security strategy objectives. Also called NDS. (JP 1) See ADRP 3-28.
National Incident Management System - (DOD) A national crisis response system that provides a consistent,
nationwide approach for Federal, state, local, and tribal governments; the private sector; and nongovernmental organizations to work effectively and efficiently together to prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of cause, size or complexity. Also called NIMS. (JP 3-41) See ADP 3-28, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.
national military strategy - (DOD) A document approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for
distributing and applying military power to attain national security strategy and national defense strategy objectives. Also called NMS. (JP 1) See ADRP 3-28.
national security strategy - (DOD) A document approved by the President of the United States for
developing, applying, and coordinating the instruments of national power to achieve objectives that contribute to national security. Also called NSS. (JP 1) See ADRP 3-28.
nation assistance - (DOD) Assistance rendered to a nation by foreign forces within that nation's territory based
on agreements mutually concluded between nations. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-24, FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80.
natural disaster - (DOD) An emergency situation posing significant danger to life and property that results
from a natural cause. See also domestic emergencies. (JP 3-29) See FM 3-53.
national special security event - (DOD) A designated event that, by virtue of its political, economic, social, or
religious significance, may be the target of terrorism or other criminal activity. Also called NSSE. (JP 3-28) See ATP 2-91.7.
naval surface fire support - (DOD) Fire provided by Navy surface gun and missile systems in support of a
unit or units. Also called NSFS. (JP 3-09.3) See FM 3-09.
navigation warfare - (DOD) Deliberate defensive and offensive action to assure and prevent positioning,
navigation, and timing information through coordinated employment of space, cyberspace, and electronic
warfare operations. Also called NAVWAR. (JP 3-14) See ATP 3-14.3.
negation - (DOD) In space operations, active and offensive measures to deceive, disrupt, degrade, deny or
destroy space capabilities being used to interfere with or attack United States/allied systems. See also space
control. (JP 3-14) See FM 3-14.
nerve agent - (DOD) A potentially lethal chemical agent that interferes with the transmission of nerve
impulses. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
nested concept - A planning technique to achieve unity of purpose whereby each succeeding echelon's concept
of operations is aligned by purpose with the higher echelon's concept of operations. (ADRP 5-0) See also
concept of operations.
net control station - A communications station designated to control traffic and enforce circuit discipline
within a given net. Also called NCS. (ATP 6-02.53)
net division tonnage - The tonnage in short tons, or payload, which can be moved over a railway division each
day. Also called NDT. (ATP 4-14)
net trainload - The payload carried by a train. Also called NTL. (ATP 4-14)
networked munitions - (DOD) Remotely controlled, interconnected, weapons system designed to provide
rapidly emplaced ground-based countermobility and protection capability through scalable application of lethal and nonlethal means. (JP 3-15) See ATP 3-90.8, ATP 3-21.20.
network operations - (DOD) Activities conducted to operate and defend the Global Information Grid. Also
called NETOPS. (JP 6-0) See FM 6-02.
network transport - A system of systems including the people, equipment, and facilities that provide
end-to-end communications connectivity for network components. (FM 6-02)
neutral - (DOD) In combat and combat support operations, an identity applied to a track whose characteristics,
behavior, origin, or nationality indicate that it is neither supporting nor opposing friendly forces. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-07. (Army) A party identified as neither supporting nor opposing friendly or enemy forces. (ADRP 3-0)
neutralization - In the context of the computed effects of field artillery fires renders a target ineffective for a
short period of time, producing 10-percent casualties or materiel damage. (FM 3-09)
neutralization fire - Fire delivered to render the target ineffective or unusable. (FM 3-09) neutralize - (DOD) 1. As pertains to military operations, to render ineffective or unusable. 2. To render enemy
personnel or materiel incapable of interfering with a particular operation. 3. To render safe mines, bombs, missiles, and booby traps. 4. To make harmless anything contaminated with a chemical agent. (JP 3-0) See ATP 3-06.20. (Army) A tactical mission task that results in rendering enemy personnel or materiel incapable of interfering with a particular operation. (FM 3-90-1)
N-hour - The time a unit is notified to assemble its personnel and begin the deployment sequence. (FM 3-99)
N-hour sequence - Starts the reverse planning necessary after notification to have the first assault aircraft en
route to the objective area for commencement of the parachute assault according to the order for execution. (FM 3-99)
night vision device - (DOD) Any electro-optical device that is used to detect visible and near-infrared energy,
and provide a visible image. Night vision goggles, forward-looking infrared, thermal sights, and low-light
level television are night vision devices. Also called NVD. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-06.1.
night vision goggle - (DOD) An electro optical image intensifying device that detects visible and near-infrared
energy, intensifies the energy, and provides a visible image for night viewing. Also called NVG. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-06.1.
node - (DOD) 1. A location in a mobility system where a movement requirement is originated, processed for
onward movement, or terminated. (JP 3-17) See FM 4-40, ATP 3-57.60. 2. In communications and computer systems, the physical location that provides terminating, switching, and gateway access services to support information exchange. (JP 6-0) See ATP 3-05.60. 3. An element of a system that represents a person, place, or physical thing. (JP 3-0) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-57.60.
no-fire area - (DOD) An area designated by the appropriate commander into which fires or their effects are
prohibited. (JP 3-09.3) Also called NFA. See FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.34.
noncombatant evacuation operations - (DOD) Operations directed by the Department of State or other
appropriate authority, in conjunction with the Department of Defense, whereby noncombatants are evacuated from foreign countries when their lives are endangered by war, civil unrest, or natural disaster to safe havens as designated by the Department of State. Also called NEO. (JP 3-68) See FM 3-07, ATP 3-05.68, ATP 3-75.
noncombatant evacuees - (DOD) 1. US citizens who may be ordered to evacuate by competent authority
include: a. civilian employees of all agencies of the US Government and their dependents, except as noted in 2a below; b. military personnel of the Armed Forces of the United States specifically designated for evacuation as noncombatants; and c. dependents of members of the Armed Forces of the United States. 2. US (and non-US) citizens who may be authorized or assisted (but not necessarily ordered to evacuate) by competent authority include: a. civilian employees of US Government agencies and their dependents, who are residents in the country concerned on their own volition, but express the willingness to be evacuated; b. private US citizens and their dependents; c. military personnel and dependents of members of the Armed Forces of the United States outlined in 1c above, short of an ordered evacuation; and d. designated personnel, including dependents of persons listed in 1a through 1c above, as prescribed by the Department of State. (JP 3-68) See ATP 3-05.68.
noncontiguous area of operations Where one or more of the commander's subordinate forces' areas of
operation do not share a common boundary. See also **area of operations**. (FM 3-90-1)
nonconventional assisted recovery - (DOD) Personnel recovery conducted by indigenous/surrogate personnel
that are trained, supported, and led by special operations forces, unconventional warfare ground and
maritime forces, or other government agencies' personnel that have been specifically trained and directed
to establish and operate indigenous or surrogate infrastructures. Also called NAR. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-05.1.
nongovernmental organization - (DOD) A private, self-governing, not-for-profit organization dedicated to
alleviating human suffering; and/or promoting education, health care, economic development, environmental protection, human rights, and conflict resolution; and/or encouraging the establishment of democratic institutions and civil society. Also called NGO (JP 3-08) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-50, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
nonlethal weapon - (DOD) A weapon that is explicitly designed and primarily employed so as to incapacitate
personnel or materiel, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment. Also called NLW. (JP 3-28) See ATP 3-07.31.
nonpersistent agent - (DOD) A chemical agent that when released dissipates and/or loses its ability to cause
casualties after 10 to 15 minutes. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
nonstandard bridging - Bridging that is purposely designed for a particular gap and typically built using
commercial or locally available materials. (ATP 3-90.4)
nontransportable patient - A patient whose medical condition is such that he could not survive further
evacuation to the rear without surgical intervention to stabilize his medical condition. (FM 4-02)
no-strike list - (DOD) A list of objectives or entities characterized as protected from the effects of military
operations under international law and/or rules of engagement. Also called NSL. (JP 3-60) See ADRP 3-09, FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-57.60.

## O

objective - 1. The clearly defined, decisive, and attainable goal toward which every operation is directed.
(JP 5-0) See ADRP 5-0, ATP 3-06.20. 2. The specific target of the action taken which is essential to the commander's plan. See ATP 3-06.20. 3. (Army) A location on the ground used to orient operations, phase operations, facilitate changes of direction, and provide for unity of effort. (ADRP 3-90)
objective area - (DOD) A geographical area, defined by competent authority, within which is located an
objective to be captured or reached by the military forces. Also called OA. (JP 3-06) See ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-21.20.
objective rally point - A rally point established on an easily identifiable point on the ground where all
elements of the infiltrating unit assemble and prepare to attack the objective. (ADRP 3-90)
obscurant - Material that decreases the level of energy available for the functions of seekers, trackers, and
vision enhancement devices. (ATP 3-11.50)
obscuration - The employment of materials into the environment that degrade optical and/or electro-optical
capabilities within select portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order to deny acquisition by or deceive an enemy or adversary. (ATP 3-11.50)
obscuration blanket - A dense horizontal concentration of smoke covering an area of ground with visibility
inside the concentration less than 50 meters. (ATP 3-11.50)
obscuration curtain - A vertical development of smoke that reduces the enemy's ability to clearly identify
what is occurring on the other side of the cloud. (ATP 3-11.50)
obscuration haze - Obscuration placed over friendly areas to restrict adversary observations and fire, but not
dense enough to disrupt friendly operations within the screen. (ATP 3-11.50)
observation - The condition of weather and terrain that permits a force to see the friendly, enemy, and neutral
personnel and systems, and key aspects of the environment. (ADP 1-02)
observation post - A position from which military observations are made, or fire directed and adjusted, and
which possesses appropriate communications. While aerial observers and sensors systems are extremely
useful, those systems do not constitute aerial observation posts. Also called OP. (FM 3-90-2)
obstacle - (DOD) Any natural or man-made obstruction designed or employed to disrupt, fix, turn, or block the
movement of an opposing force, and to impose additional losses in personnel, time, and equipment on the opposing force. (JP 3-15) See FM 3-90-1, FM 3-99, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-21.20.
obstacle belt - (DOD) A brigade-level command and control measure, normally given graphically, to show
where within an obstacle zone the ground tactical commander plans to limit friendly obstacle employment and focus the defense. (JP 3-15) See FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-21.20.
obstacle control measures - Specific measures that simplify the granting of obstacle-emplacing authority
while providing obstacle control. (FM 3-90-1)
obstacle groups - One or more individual obstacles grouped to provide a specific obstacle effect. (FM 3-90-1)
obstacle line - A conceptual control measure used at battalion or brigade level to show placement intent
without specifying a particular type of linear obstacle. (ADP 1-02)
obstacle restricted areas - (DOD) A command and control measure used to limit the type or number of
obstacles within an area. (JP 3-15) See also **obstacle**. See ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.8.
obstacle zone - (DOD) A division-level command and control measure, normally done graphically, to
designate specific land areas where lower echelons are allowed to employ tactical obstacles. (JP 3-15) See FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-21.20.
occupational and environmental health surveillance - (DOD) The regular or repeated collection, analysis,
archiving, interpretation, and dissemination of occupational and environmental health-related data for
monitoring the health of, or potential health hazard impact on, a population and individual personnel, and for intervening in a timely manner to prevent, treat, or control the occurrence of disease or injury when determined necessary. (JP 4-02) See ATP 4-02.7.
occupy - A tactical mission task that involves a force moving a friendly force into an area so that it can control
that area. Both the force's movement to and occupation of the area occur without enemy opposition.
(FM 3-90-1)
offensive counterair - (DOD) Offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles,
launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, and as close to their source as possible. Also called OCA. (JP 3-01) See FM 3-01, FM 3-09, ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-55.6.
offensive cyberspace operations - (DOD) Cyberspace operations intended to project power by the application
of force in or through cyberspace. Also called OCO. (JP 3-12) See FM 6-02.
offensive fires - Fires that preempt enemy actions. (FM 3-09) offensive task - A task conducted to defeat and destroy enemy forces and seize terrain, resources, and
population centers. (ADRP 3-0)
offshore petroleum discharge system - (DOD) Provides bulk transfer of petroleum directly from an offshore
tanker to a beach termination unit located immediately inland from the high watermark. Bulk petroleum then is either transported inland or stored in the beach support area. Also called OPDS. (JP 4-03) See ATP 4-43.
on-call target - (DOD) Planned target upon which fires or other actions are determined using deliberate
targeting and triggered, when detected or located, using dynamic targeting. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-60.1.
on-order mission - A mission to be executed at an unspecified time. (FM 6-0)
open source - Any person or group that provides information without the expectations of privacy - the
information, the relationship, or both is not protected against public disclosure. (ATP 2-22.9)
open-source intelligence - (DOD) Relevant information derived from the systematic collection, processing,
and analysis of publicly available information in response to known or anticipated intelligence requirements. Also called OSINT. (JP 2-0) See FM 3-16, ATP 2-22.9, ATP 3-05.20.
operation - (DOD) 1. A sequence of tactical actions with a common purpose or unifying theme. (JP 1) See
FM 3-0, FM 3-09., ATP 3-09.42. A military action or the carrying out of a strategic, operational, tactical, service, training, or administrative military mission. (JP 3-0) See ADP 1-01, ADRP 3-90, FM 3-09,
FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-09.42.
operational approach - (DOD) A broad description of the mission, operational concepts, tasks, and actions
required to accomplish the mission.. (JP 5-0) See ADP 1-01, ADP 5-0, ADRP 3-0, ADRP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 5-0.1.
operational area - (DOD) An overarching term encompassing more descriptive terms (such as area of
responsibility and joint operations area) for geographic areas in which military operations are conducted. Also called OA. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-07, FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60.2.
operational area security - A form of security operations conducted to protect friendly forces, installations,
routes, and actions within an area of operations. (ADRP 3-37)
operational art - (DOD) The cognitive approach by commanders and staffssupported by their skill,
knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgmentto develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to
organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means. (JP 3-0) See ADP 1-01, ADP 3-0, ADRP 3-0, ADRP 5-0, FM 3-0, ATP 5-0.1.
operational concept - A fundamental statement that frames how Army forces, operating as part of a joint
force, conduct operations. (ADP 1-01)
operational control - (DOD) The authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces
involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and
giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. Also called OPCON. (JP 1) See
ADRP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 4-30, FM 6-0, FM 6-05, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 4-43.
operational decontamination - (DOD) Decontamination carried out by an individual and/or a unit, restricted
to specific parts of operationally essential equipment, materiel and/or working areas, in order to minimize contact and transfer hazards and to sustain operations. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.7.
operational environment - (DOD) A composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the
employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander. Also called OE. (JP 3-0) See ADP 1-01, ADP 5-0, ADRP 3-0, ADRP 6-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-13, FM 3-24, FM 3-52, FM 3-53, FM 3-57, FM 4-30, FM 4-95, FM 6-05, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-20.97, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 4-43, ATP 4-48, ATP 5-0.1.
operational framework - A cognitive tool used to assist commanders and staffs in clearly visualizing and
describing the application of combat power in time, space, purpose, and resources in the concept of operations. (ADP 1-01)
operational initiative - The setting or dictating the terms of action throughout an operation. (ADRP 3-0) operational intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence that is required for planning and conducting campaigns and
major operations to accomplish strategic objectives within theaters or operational areas. See also intelligence; strategic intelligence; tactical intelligence. (JP 2-0) See ATP 3-92.
operational reach - (DOD) The distance and duration across which a joint force can successfully employ
military capabilities. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-94, FM 4-01, FM 4-95, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-15.
operational training domain - The training activities organizations undertake while at home station, at
maneuver combat training centers, during joint exercises, at mobility centers, and while operationally deployed. (ADP 7-0)
operational variables - A comprehensive set of information categories used to define an operational
environment. (ADP 1-01)
operation order - (DOD) A directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders for the purpose of
effecting the coordinated execution of an operation. Also called OPORD. (JP 5-0) See ADP 1-01, FM 6-0, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
operation plan - (DOD) 1. Any plan for the conduct of military operations prepared in response to actual and
potential contingencies. See ATP 4-43. 2. A complete and detailed joint plan containing a full description of the concept of operations, all annexes applicable to the plan, and a time phased force and deployment data. Also called OPLAN. (JP 5-0) See FM 6-0, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
operations data report - An annotated chronology of the unit's operations that will be fully supported by an
indexed set of key historical documents. (ATP 1-20)
operations process - The major mission command activities performed during operations: planning, preparing,
executing, and continuously assessing the operation. (ADP 5-0)
operations security - (DOD) A process of identifying critical information and subsequently analyzing friendly
actions attendant to military operations and other activities. Also called OPSEC. (JP 3-13.3) See ADRP 3-37, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-07.31.
ordnance - (DOD) Explosives, chemicals, pyrotechnics, and similar stores, e.g., bombs, guns and ammunition,
flares, smoke, or napalm. (JP 3-15) See ATP 4-32.2.
organic - (DOD) Assigned to and forming an essential part of military organization. Organic parts of a unit are
those listed in its table of organization for the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, and are assigned to the administrative organizations of the operating forces for the Navy. (JP 1) See ADRP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 4-30, FM 6-0.
orienting angle - A horizontal, clockwise angle measured from the line of fire to the orienting line.
(ATP 3-09.50)
orienting line - A line of known direction in the firing unit's area that serves as a basis for laying the firing unit
for direction. (ATP 3-09.50)
orienting station - 1. A point established on the ground that has directional control. 2. An orienting device,
such as an aiming circle or gun laying and positioning system, set up over a point to lay the weapons by the orienting angle method. (ATP 3-09.50)
outpatient - A person receiving medical/dental examination and/or treatment from medical personnel and in a
status other than being admitted to a hospital. Included in this category is the person who is treated and retained (held) in a medical treatment facility (such as a Role 2 facility) other than a hospital. (FM 4-02)
overbridging - A method used to reinforce, provide emergency repair, or augment existing bridges or bridge
spans using standard bridging. (ATP 3-90.4)
overhead persistent infrared - (DOD) Those systems originally developed to detect and track foreign
intercontinental ballistic missile systems. Also called OPIR. (JP 3-14) See ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.5.
overt - (DOD) Activities that are openly acknowledged by or are readily attributable to the United States
Government, including those designated to acquire information through authorized and open means without concealment. Overt information may be collected by observation, elicitation, or from knowledgeable human sources. (JP 2-01.2) See ATP 3-53.1.
overt operation - (DOD) An operation conducted openly, without concealment. (JP 2-01.2) See ATP 3-05.2.

## P

parallel planning - Two or more echelons planning for the same operation and sharing information
sequentially through warning orders from the higher headquarters prior to the headquarters publishing its operation plan or operation order. (ADRP 5-0)
paramilitary forces - (DOD) Forces or groups distinct from the regular armed forces of any country, but
resembling them in organization, equipment, training, or mission. (JP 3-24) See ATP 3-20.96.
partner nation - (DOD) Those nations that the United States works with to disrupt the production,
transportation, distribution, and sale of illicit drugs, as well as the money involved with this illicit activity. Also called PN. (JP 3-07.4) See FM 3-53, ATP 3-57.20.
passage lane - A lane through an enemy or friendly obstacle that provides a safe passage for a passing force.
(FM 3-90-2)
passage of lines - (DOD) An operation in which a force moves forward or rearward through another force's
combat positions with the intention of moving into or out of contact with the enemy. (JP 3-18) See ADRP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-90-2, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5.
passage point - A specifically designated place where the passing units will pass through the stationary unit.
Also called PP. (FM 3-90-2) See also **passage of lines**.
passive air defense - (DOD) All measures other than active air defense, taken to minimize the effectiveness of
hostile air and missile threats against friendly forces and assets. (JP 3-01) See ADRP 3-09, ADRP 3-90, FM 3-01, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-27.5.
patient - A sick, injured or wounded Soldier who receives medical care or treatment from medically trained
personnel. (FM 4-02)
patient decontamination - The removal and/or the neutralization of hazardous levels of chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear contamination from patients before admission into a medical treatment facility under the supervision of medical personnel to prevent further injury to the patient during the decontamination process. (ATP 4-02.7)
patient estimates - Estimates derived from the casualty estimate prepared by the personnel staff
officer/assistant chief of staff, personnel. The patient medical workload is determined by the Army Health System support planner. Patient estimate only encompasses medical casualty. (FM 4-02)
patient movement - The act of moving a sick, injured, wounded, or other person to obtain medical and/or
dental care or treatment. Functions include medical regulating, patient evacuation, and en route medical care. (FM 4-02)
patrol - A detachment sent out by a larger unit to conduct a specific mission that operates semi-independently
and return to the main body upon completion of mission. (ATP 3-21.8)
peace building - (DOD) Stability actions, predominately diplomatic and economic, that strengthen and rebuild
governmental infrastructure and institutions in order to avoid a relapse into conflict. Also called PB. (JP 3-07.3) See ADRP 3-07, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-07.5.
peace enforcement - (DOD) Application of military force, or threat of its use, normally pursuant to
international authorization, to compel compliance with resolutions or sanctions designed to maintain or restore peace and order. (JP 3-07.3) See ADRP 3-07, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-07.5.
peacekeeping - (DOD) Military operations undertaken with the consent of all major parties to a dispute,
designed to monitor and facilitate implementation of an agreement (cease fire, truce, or other such agreement) and support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political settlement. (JP 3-07.3) See ADRP 3-07, FM 3-53, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6.
peacemaking - (DOD) The process of diplomacy, mediation, negotiation, or other forms of peaceful
settlements that arranges an end to a dispute and resolves issues that led to it. (JP 3-07.3) See ADRP 3-07, FM 3-07, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31.
peace operations - (DOD) A broad term that encompasses multiagency and multinational crisis response and
limited contingency operations involving all instruments of national power with military missions to contain conflict, redress the peace, and shape the environment to support reconciliation and rebuilding and facilitate the transition to legitimate governance. Also called PO. (JP 3-07.3) See ADRP 3-07, FM 3-07, FM 3-53, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6.
penetration - A form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to rupture enemy defenses on a narrow
front to disrupt the defensive system. (FM 3-90-1)
performance work statement - (DOD) A statement of work for performance based acquisitions that describe
the results in clear, specific, and objective terms with measurable outcomes. Also called PWS (JP 4-10) See
ATP 1-06.2, ATP 4-10.
permissive environment - (DOD) Operational environment in which host country military and law
enforcement agencies have control as well as the intent and capability to assist operations that a unit intends to conduct. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.10.
persistent agent - (DOD) A chemical agent that, when released, remains able to cause casualties for more than
24 hours to several days or weeks. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
personal protective equipment - (DOD) The equipment provided to shield or isolate a person from the
chemical, physical, and thermal hazards that can be encountered at a hazardous materials incident. Personal protective equipment includes both personal protective clothing and respiratory protection. Also called PPE. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.84.
personnel recovery - (DOD) The sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the
recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel. Also called PR. (JP 3-50) See ADRP 3-05, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.6.
personnel services - Sustainment functions that man and fund the force, maintain Soldier and family readiness,
promote the moral and ethical values of the nation, and enable the fighting qualities of the Army. (ADP 4-0)
phase - (Army) A planning and execution tool used to divide an operation in duration or activity. (ADRP 3-0)
phase line - (DOD) line utilized for control and coordination of military operations, usually an easily identified
feature in the operational area. Also called PL. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-20.15.
P-hour - The specific hour on D-day at which a parachute assault commences with the exit of the first Soldier
from an aircraft over a designated drop zone. P-hour may or may not coincide with H-hour. (FM 6-0)
physical security - (DOD) 1. That part of security concerned with physical measures designed to safeguard
personnel; to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material, and documents; and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-13, FM 3-96.
physical security inspection - A formal, recorded assessment of the physical protective measures and security
procedures that are implemented to protect unit and activity assets. (ATP 3-39.32)
physical security survey - A formal recorded assessment of an installation's overall physical security program,
including electronic security measures. (ATP 3-39.32)
piecemeal commitment - The immediate employment of units in combat as they become available instead of
waiting for larger aggregations of units to ensure mass, or the unsynchronized employment of available
forces so that their combat power is not employed effectively. (ADRP 3-90) See also **combat power**.
pilot team - A deliberately structured composite organization comprised of Special Forces operational
detachment members, with likely augmentation by interagency or other skilled personnel, designed to infiltrate a designated area to conduct sensitive preparation of the environment activities and assess the potential to conduct unconventional warfare in support of U.S. objectives. (ATP 3-05.1)
planned target - (DOD) Target that is known to exist in the operational environment, upon which actions are
planned using deliberate targeting, creating effects which support commander's objectives. There are two
subcategories of planned targets: scheduled and on-call. (JP 3-60) See FM 3-09, FM 3-99, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-60.1.
planning - The art and science of understanding a situation, envisioning a desired future, and laying out
effective ways of bringing that future about. (ADP 5-0)
planning horizon - A point in time commanders use to focus the organization's planning efforts to shape
future events. (ADRP 5-0) See also **planning**.
plan requirements and assess collection - The task of analyzing requirements, evaluating available assets
(internal and external), recommending to the operations staff taskings for information collection assets,
submiting requests for information for adjacent and higher collection support, and assessing the
effectiveness of the information collection plan. (ATP 2-01)
platoon - A subdivision of a company or troop consisting of two or more squads or sections. (ADRP 3-90)
pointee-talkee - (DOD) A language aid containing selected phrases in English opposite a translation in a
foreign language used by pointing to appropriate phrases. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-50.22.
point of breach - The location at an obstacle where the creation of a lane is being attempted. (ATP 3-90.4)
point of departure - The point where the unit crosses the line of departure and begins moving along a direction
of attack. (ADRP 3-90) See also **line of departure**.
point of penetration - The location, identified on the ground, where the commander concentrates their efforts
at the enemy weakest point to seize a foothold on the far side objective. (ATP 3-90.4)
police information - Available information concerning known and potential enemy and criminal threats and
vulnerabilities collected during police activities, operations, and investigations. (FM 3-39)
police intelligence - The application of systems, technologies, and processes that analyze applicable data and
information necessary for situational understanding and focusing policing activities to achieve social order. (FM 3-39)
policing - The application of control measures within an area of operations to maintain law and order, safety,
and other matters affecting the general welfare of the population. (FM 3-39)
populace and resources control - Operations which provide security for the populace, deny personnel and
materiel to the enemy, mobilize population and materiel resources, and detect and reduce the effectiveness of enemy agents. Populace control measures include curfews, movement restrictions, travel permits, registration cards, and resettlement of civilians. Resource control measures include licensing, regulations or guidelines, checkpoints (for example, road blocks), ration controls, amnesty programs, and inspection of facilities. Most military operations employ some type of populace and resources control measures. Also called PRC. (FM 3-57)
port of debarkation - (DOD) The geographic point at which cargo or personnel are discharged. Also called
POD. (JP 4-0) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 4-13.
port of embarkation - (DOD) The geographic point in a routing scheme from which cargo or personnel depart.
Also called POE. See also port of debarkation. (JP 4-01.2) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 4-13.
port opening - The ability to establish, initially operate and facilitate throughput for ports of debarkation to
support unified land operations. (ADRP 4-0)
port support activity - (DOD) A tailorable support organization composed of mobilization station assets that
ensures the equipment of the deploying units is ready to load. Also called PSA. See also support. (JP 3-35) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
position area for artillery - An area assigned to an artillery unit where individual artillery systems can
maneuver to increase their survivability. A position area for artillery is not an area of operations for the
artillery unit occupying it. Also called PAA. (FM 3-90-1)
positive control - (DOD) A method of airspace control that relies on positive identification, tracking, and
direction of aircraft within an airspace, conducted with electronic means by an agency having the authority and responsibility therein. (JP 3-52) See FM 3-52, FM 3-96, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-21.20.
positive identification - (DOD) An identification derived from observation and analysis of target
characteristics including visual recognition, electronic support systems, non-cooperative target recognition techniques, identification friend or foe systems, or other physics-based identification techniques. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-60.2.
precision-guided munition - (DOD) A guided weapon intended to destroy a point target and minimize
collateral damage. Also called PGM, (JP 3-03) See FM 3-09, FM 3-98, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-09.50.
precision munition - A munition that corrects for ballistic conditions using guidance and control up to the
aimpoint or submunitions dispense with terminal accuracy less than the lethal radius of effects. (FM 3-09)
precision smart munition - A munition or submunition that autonomously searches for, detects, classifies,
selects, and engages a target or targets. A precision smart munition has a limited target discrimination capability. (FM 3-09)
preparation - Those activities performed by units and Soldiers to improve their ability to execute an operation.
(ADP 5-0)
preparation fire - Normally a high volume of fires delivered over a short period of time to maximize surprise
and shock effect. Preparation fire include electronic attack and should be synchronized with other electronic warfare activities. (FM 3-09)
preparation of the environment - (DOD) An umbrella term for operations and activities conducted by
selectively trained special operations forces to develop an environment for potential future special operations. Also called PE. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, FM 3-0, FM 3-18, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-53.1.
presumptive identification - The employment of technologies with limited specificity and sensitivity by
general-purpose forces in a field environment to determine the presence of a chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear hazard with a low level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary to support immediate tactical decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
prevention - (DOD) In space usage, measures to preclude an adversary's hostile use of United States or thirdparty space systems and services. See also space control. (JP 3-14) See FM 3-14.
preventive medicine - The anticipation, prediction, identification, prevention, and control of communicable
diseases (including vector-, food-, and waterborne diseases), illnesses, injuries, and diseases due to exposure to occupational and environmental threats, including nonbattle injury threats, combat stress responses, and other threats to the health and readiness of military personnel and military units. (FM 4-02)
primary position - The position that covers the enemy's most likely avenue of approach into the area of
operations. (ADRP 3-90) See also alternate position, area of operations, avenue of approach, battle
position, subsequent position, **supplementary position**.
principle - A comprehensive and fundamental rule or an assumption of central importance that guides how an
organization or function approaches and thinks about the conduct of operations. (ADP 1-01)
principles of joint operations - Time-tested general characteristics of successful operations that serve as
guides for the conduct of future operations. (ADP 1-01)
priority intelligence requirement - (DOD) An intelligence requirement, stated as a priority for intelligence
support, that the commander and staff need to understand the adversary or other aspects of the operational environment. Also called PIR. (JP 2-01) See ADRP 2-0, ADRP 5-0, FM 3-57, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 4-93.
priority of fires - The commander's guidance to his staff, subordinate commanders, fire support planners, and
supporting agencies to organize and employ fire support in accordance with the relative importance of the
unit's mission. (ADRP 3-09) See also **fire support**.
priority of support - A priority set by the commander to ensure a subordinate unit has support in accordance
with its relative importance to accomplishing the mission. (ADRP 5-0)
priority target - A target, based on either time or importance, on which the delivery of fires takes precedence
over all the fires for the designated firing unit or element. (FM 3-09)
private information - Data, facts, instructions, or other material intended for or restricted to a particular
person, group, or organization. (ATP 2-22.9)
private sector - (DOD) An umbrella term that may be applied in the United States and in foreign countries to
any or all of the nonpublic or commercial individuals and businesses, specified nonprofit organizations,
most of academia and other scholastic institutions, and selected nongovernmental organizations. (JP 3-57) See ATP 3-57.20.
privity of contract - (DOD) The legal relationship that exists between two contracting parties. (JP 4-10) See
ATP 4-10.
probable line of deployment - A phase line that designates the location where the commander intends to
deploy the unit into assault formation before beginning the assault. Also called PLD. (ADRP 3-90) See also
phase line.
procedure word - (DOD) A word or phrase limited to radio telephone procedure used to facilitate
communication by conveying information in a condensed standard form. Also called proword. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 6-02.53.
procedures - (DOD) Standard, detailed steps that prescribe how to perform specific tasks. (CJCSM 5120.01A)
See ADP 1-01, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.90.
procedural control - (DOD) A method of airspace control which relies on a combination of previously agreed
and promulgated orders and procedures. (JP 3-52) See FM 3-52, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-01.7.
Profession of Arms - A Community within the Army Profession composed of Soldiers of the Regular Army,
Army National Guard, and Army Reserve. (ADRP 1)
program of targets - A planned sequential attack of similar targets. (ATP 3-09.42)
progressive yard - A multifunctional yard structured to move cars in a fluid and rapid manner, containing
receiving, classification, and departure yards. (ATP 4-14)
projected obscuration - An obscurant produced by artillery or mortar munitions, naval gunfire,
helicopter-delivered rockets or, potentially, weapon grenades. (ATP 3-11.50)
proof - The verification that a lane is free of mines or explosive hazards and that the width and trafficability at
the point of breach are suitable for the passing force. (ATP 3-90.4)
propaganda - (DOD) Any form of adversary communication, especially of a biased or misleading nature,
designed to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes, or behavior of any group in order to benefit the sponsor, either directly or indirectly. (JP 3-13.2) See FM 3-53.
protected frequencies - (DOD) Friendly, generally time-oriented, frequencies used for a particular operation,
identified and protected to prevent them from being inadvertently jammed by friendly forces while active electronic warfare operations are directed against hostile forces. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) See ATP 6-02.70.
protection - (DOD) 1. Preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related military and
nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure deployed or located within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-37, ADRP 5-0, FM 1-04, FM 3-07, ATP 3-94.2. 2. In space usage, active and passive defensive measures to ensure the United States and friendly space systems perform as designed by seeking to overcome an adversary's attempts to negate them and to minimize damage if negation is attempted. (JP 3-14) See FM 3-07, FM 3-14, ATP 3-05.11.
protection obscuration - Obscuration effects placed within the area of operations that contribute to the
increased protection of United States forces and their interests by defeating on degrading adversary detection, observation, and engagement capabilities. (ATP 3-11.50)
protection warfighting function - The related tasks and systems that preserve the force so the commander can
apply maximum combat power to accomplish the mission. (ADRP 3-0) See also **warfighting function**.
prudent risk - A deliberate exposure to potential injury or loss when the commander judges the outcome in
terms of mission accomplishment as worth the cost. (ADP 6-0)
purple kill box - A fire support and airspace coordination measure used to facilitate the attack of surface
targets with subsurface-, surface-to-surface, and air-to-surface munitions without further coordination with
the establishing headquarters. Also called PKB. (ATP 3-09.34)
psychological action - Lethal and nonlethal actions planned, coordinated, and conducted to produce a
psychological effect in a foreign individual, group, or population. (FM 3-53)
psychological objective - A statement of a measurable response that reflects the desired attitude or behavior
change of a selected foreign target audience as a result of Military Information Support Operations. (FM 3-53)
public affairs - (DOD) Communication activities with external and internal audiences. Also called PA. See
also command information, **public information**. (JP 3-61) See FM 3-24.
public information - (DOD) Within public affairs, that information of a military nature, the dissemination of
which is consistent with security and approved for release. (JP 3-61) See FM 3-53.
public key infrastructure - (DOD) An enterprise-wide service that supports digital signatures and other public
key-based security mechanisms for Department of Defense functional enterprise programs, including generation, production, distribution, control, and accounting of public key certificates. Also called PKI. (JP 2-03) See ATP 6-02.75.
publicly available information - Data, facts, instructions, or other material published or broadcast for general
public consumption; available on request to a member of the general public; lawfully seen or heard by any casual observer; or made available to a meeting open to the general public. (ATP 2-22.9)
pursuit - An offensive operation designed to catch or cut off a hostile force attempting to escape, with the aim
of destroying it. (ADRP 3-90)

## Q

quartering party - A group of unit representatives dispatched to a probable new site of operations in advance
of the main body to secure, reconnoiter, and organize an area prior to the main body's arrival and
occupation. (FM 3-90-2)
quay - (DOD) A structure of solid construction along a shore or bank that provides berthing and generally
provides cargo-handling facilities. (JP 4-01.5) See ATP 4-13.
quick response force - A dedicated force on a base with adequate tactical mobility and fire support designated
to defeat Level I and Level II threats and shape Level III threats until they can be defeated by a tactical combat force or other available response forces. (ATP 3-37.10)

## R

radiological dispersal device - (DOD) An improvised assembly or process, other than a nuclear explosive
device, designed to disseminate radioactive material in order to cause destruction, damage, or injury. Also called RDD. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-50.20.
radiological exposure device - (DOD) A radioactive source placed to cause injury or death. Also called RED.
(JP 3-11) See ATP 3-50.20.
radio silence - The status on a radio network in which all stations are directed to continuously monitor without
transmitting, except under established criteria. (ATP 6-02.53)
raid - (DOD) An operation to temporarily seize an area in order to secure information, confuse an adversary,
capture personnel or equipment, or to destroy a capability culminating with a planned withdrawal. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-75, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5,
ATP 3-94.2.
rally point - An easily identifiable point on the ground at which units can reassemble and reorganize if they
become dispersed. (ATP 3-21.20)
Rangers - (DOD) Rapidly deployable airborne light infantry organized and trained to conduct highly complex
joint direct action operations in coordination with or in support of other special operations units of all Services. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, FM 3-05, ATP 3-75.
Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineer - (DOD) Air Force units
wartime-structured to provide a heavy engineer capability that are mobile, rapidly deployable, and largely self-sufficient for limited periods of time. Also called RED HORSE. (JP 3-34) See ATP 4-32.2.
reachback - (DOD) The process of obtaining products, services, and applications, or forces, or equipment, or
material from organizations that are not forward deployed. (JP 3-30) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 6-02.60.
ready-to-load date - (DOD) The date when a unit will be ready to move from the origin, i.e., mobilization
station. Also called RLD. (JP 5-0) See FM 4-01.
rear boundary - A boundary that defines the rearward limits of a unit's area. It usually also defines the start of
the next echelon's support area. (FM 3-90-1) See also area of operations, **boundary**.
rear echelon - The echelon containing those elements of the force that are not required in the objective area.
(FM 3-99)
rearward extension of the line of fire - An imaginary line in the exact opposite direction of the line of fire that
extends through the center axis of the tube when looking down through the muzzle to the breech of the weapon. (ATP 3-09.50)
rearward passage of lines - Occurs when a unit passes through another unit's positions while moving away
from the enemy. (ADRP 3-90) See also forward passage of lines, **passage of lines**.
reattack recommendation - (DOD) An assessment, derived from the results of battle damage assessment and
munitions effectiveness assessment, providing the commander systematic advice on reattack of a target.
Also called RR. (JP 3-60) See FM 3-09.
receiving yard - Yard where trains are cleared promptly on arrival to prevent main line congestion. (ATP 4-14)

reception - (DOD) 3. The process of receiving, off-loading, marshalling, accounting for, and transporting of
personnel, equipment, and materiel from the strategic and/or intratheater deployment phase to a sea, air, or surface transportation point of debarkation to the marshalling area. (JP 3-35) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-35, ATP 3-93.
reconnaissance - (DOD) A mission undertaken to obtain, by visual observation or other detection methods,
information about the activities and resources of an enemy or adversary, or to secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic or geographic characteristics of a particular area. Also called RECON.
(JP 2-0) See ADRP 3-90, FM 2-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-90-2, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.16,
ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-91.
reconnaissance by fire - A technique in which a unit fires on a suspected enemy position to cause the enemy
forces to disclose their presence by movement or return fire. (FM 3-90-2)
reconnaissance handover - The action that occurs between two elements in order to coordinate the transfer of
information and/or responsibility for observation of potential threat contact, or the transfer of an assigned area from one element to another. (FM 3-98)
reconnaissance handover line - A designated phase line on the ground where reconnaissance responsibility
transitions from one element to another. (FM 3-98)
reconnaissance in force - A deliberate combat operation designed to discover or test the enemy's strength,
dispositions, and reactions or to obtain other information. (ADRP 3-90)
reconnaissance objective - A terrain feature, geographical area, enemy force, adversary, or other mission or
operational variable, such as specific civil considerations, about which the commander wants to obtain additional information. (ADRP 3-90)
reconnaissance-pull - Reconnaissance that determines which routes are suitable for maneuver, where the
enemy is strong and weak, and where gaps exist, thus pulling the main body toward and along the path of
least resistance. This facilitates the commander's initiative and agility. (FM 3-90-2)
reconnaissance-push - Reconnaissance that refines the common operational picture, enabling the commander
to finalize the plan and support shaping and decisive operations. It is normally used once the commander
commits to a scheme of maneuver or course of action. (FM 3-90-2)
reconnaissance squadron - A unit consisting of two or more company, battery, or troopsize units and a
headquarters. (ADRP 3-90)
reconstitution - Actions that commanders plan and implement to restore units to a desired level of combat
effectiveness commensurate with mission requirements and available resources. (ATP 3-21.20)
recovered explosive ordnance - Devices that are retrieved in the operational environment, from field storage
sites and licensed storage areas that contain explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in operations, including demolitions which when salvaged have not been primed for use and may or may not be in their primary or logistic packaging. (FM 4-30)
recovery area - A predetermined expanse of terrain of no standard dimension where isolated personnel and
recovery forces can safely link-up if communications are degraded or immediate recovery efforts are not successful. (ATP 3-50.20)
recovery force - (DOD) In personnel recovery, an organization consisting of personnel and equipment with a
mission of locating, supporting, and recovering isolated personnel, and returning them to friendly control. (JP 3-50) See FM 3-50.
recovery vehicle - (DOD) In personnel recovery, the vehicle on which isolated personnel are boarded and
transported from the recovery site. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-18.14.
redeployment - (DOD) The transfer or rotation of forces and materiel to support another joint force
commander's operational requirements, or to return personnel, equipment, and materiel to the home and/or
demobilization stations for reintegration and/or outprocessing. (JP 3-35) See FM 4-01, FM 4-95, ATP 3-35.
(Army) The transfer of forces and materiel to home and/or demobilization stations for reintegration and/or out-processing. (ATP 3-35)
red team - (DOD) An organizational element comprised of trained and educated members that provide an
independent capability to fully explore alternatives in plans and operations in the context of the operational environment and from the perspective of adversaries and others. (JP 2-0) See ATP 2-19.3.
reduce - 1. A tactical mission task that involves the destruction of an encircled or bypassed enemy force.
(FM 3-90-1) 2. A mobility task to create and mark lanes through, over, or around an obstacle to allow the
attacking force to accomplish its mission. (ATP 3-90.4) See also assault, bypass, destroy, **neutralize**,
obscure, secure, suppress, **tactical mission task**.
reduction - (DOD) The creation of lanes through a minefield or obstacle to allow passage of the attacking
ground force. (JP 3-15) See ATP 3-21.20.
reduction area - A number of adjacent points of breach that are under the control of the breaching commander.
(ATP 3-90.4)
redundancy - Using two or more like assets to collect against the same intelligence requirement. (FM 3-90-2)
refer - To measure, using the panoramic telescope, the deflection to a given aiming point without moving the
tube of the weapon. (ATP 3-09.50)
referred deflection - The deflection measured to an aiming point without moving the tube of the weapon.
(ATP 3-09.50)
refugee - (DOD) A person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion,
nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his or her nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country. (JP 3-29) See FM 3-07, FM 3-57.
regional air defense commander - (DOD) Commander, subordinate to the area air defense commander, who
is responsible for air and missile defense in the assigned region and exercises authorities as delegated by the area air defense commander. Also called RADC. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5.
regionally aligned forces - Those forces that provide a combatant commander with up to joint task force
capable headquarters with scalable, tailorable capabilities to enable the combatant commander to shape the environment. They are those Army units assigned to combatant commands, those Army units allocated to a
combatant command, and those Army capabilities distributed and prepared by the Army for combatant command regional missions. (FM 3-22)
regional hub node - A component of the network service center, which provides a transport connection
between the Warfighter Information Network-Tactical and the wider Department of Defense information network. (ATP 6-02.60)
regional mechanism - The primary method through which friendly forces affect indigenous populations, host
nations, or the enemy to establish the conditions needed to safeguard our interests and those of our allies. (ADRP 3-05)
regional satellite communications support center - (DOD) United States Strategic Command operational
element responsible for providing the operational communications planners with a point of contact for accessing and managing satellite communications resources. Also called RSSC. (JP 3-14) See FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
regional support group - A deployable headquarters that manages base camps or base clusters with a
population of 6,000 or more personnel and requires services beyond basic life support. (ATP 3-90.20)
registering piece - The howitzer designated by the fire direction center to conduct a registration fire mission.
(ATP 3-09.50)
rehearsal - A session in which a staff or unit practices expected actions to improve performance during
execution. (ADRP 5-0)
reinforcing - A support relationship requiring a force to support another supporting unit. (FM 3-0) reintegration - The process through which former combatants, belligerents, and displaced civilians receive
amnesty, reenter civil society, gain sustainable employment, and become contributing members of the local populace. (ADRP 3-07)
relay - A single transport mission completed in one trip and utilizes multiple vehicles without transferring the
load. (ATP 4-11)
release point - A location on a route where marching elements are released from centralized control. Also
called RP. (FM 3-90-2) See also lane, march column, march serial, march unit, **start point**.
relief in place - (DOD) An operation in which, by direction of higher authority, all or part of a unit is replaced
in an area by the incoming unit and the responsibilities of the replaced elements for the mission and the assigned zone of operations are transferred to the incoming unit. (JP 3-07.3) See FM 3-0, FM 3-90-2, ATP 3-20.96, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.1.
render safe procedures - (DOD) The portion of the explosive ordnance disposal procedures involving the
application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components of unexploded explosive ordnance to prevent an unacceptable detonation. (JP 3-15.1) See ATP 4-32.2.
reorganization - All measures taken by the commander to maintain unit combat effectiveness or return it to a
specified level of combat capability. (FM 3-90-1)
repatriation - (DOD) 2. The release and return of enemy prisoners of war to their own country in accordance
with the 1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. (JP 1-0) See ATP 3-07.31.
request for information - (DOD) 1. Any specific time-sensitive ad hoc requirement for intelligence
information or products to support an ongoing crisis or operation not necessarily related to standing requirements or scheduled intelligence production. Also called RFI. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) See ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-09.42.
required delivery date - (DOD) The date that a force must arrive at the destination and complete unloading.
Also called RDD. (JP 5-0) See FM 4-01.
required supply rate - The amount of ammunition expressed in terms of rounds per weapon per day for
ammunition items fired by weapons, in terms of other units of measure per day for bulk allotment, and
other items estimated to be required to sustain operations of any designated force without restriction for a specified period. (ATP 3-09.23)
requirements determination - (DOD) All activities necessary to develop, consolidate, coordinate, validate,
approve, and prioritize joint force contract support requirements. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10.
requirements development - (DOD) The process of defining actual contract support requirements and
capturing these requirements in acquisition ready contract support requirements packages. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10.
requiring activity - (DOD) A military or other designated supported organization that identifies and receives
contracted support during military operations. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10.
rerailer - Cast iron devices used in simple derailments to retrack cars and locomotives. (ATP 4-14)
reserve - (Army) That portion of a body of troops which is withheld from action at the beginning of an
engagement, in order to be available for a decisive movement. (ADRP 3-90)
reserved obstacle - (Army/Marine Corps) Obstacles of any type, for which the commander restricts execution
authority. (ATP 3-90.8)
resistance movement - (DOD) An organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a country to
resist the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability.
(JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.2.
resource management operations - The execution of the resource management mission includes analyze
resource requirements, ensure commanders are aware of existing resource implications in order for them to make resource informed decisions, and then obtain the necessary funding that allows the commander to accomplish the overall unit mission. (FM 1-06)
responsiveness - The ability to react to changing requirements and respond to meet the needs to maintain
support. (ADP 4-0)
restricted operations zone - (DOD) Airspace reserved for specific activities in which the operations of one or
more airspace users is restricted. Also called ROZ. (JP 3-52) See ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-21.20.
restricted target - (DOD) A valid target that has specific restrictions placed on the actions authorized against it
due to operational considerations. (JP 3-60) See ADRP 3-09, FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42.
restricted target list - (DOD) A list of restricted targets nominated by elements of the joint force and approved
by the joint force commander or directed by higher authorities. Also called RTL. (JP 3-60) See ADRP 3-09, FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42.
restrictive fire area - (DOD) An area in which specific restrictions are imposed and into which fires that
exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the establishing headquarters.
Also called RFA. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-09.34.
restrictive fire line - (DOD) A line established between converging friendly surface forces that prohibits fires
or their effects across that line. Also called RFL. See FM 3-09.
resuscitative care - Advanced trauma management care and surgery limited to the minimum required to
stabilize a patient for transportation to a higher role of care. (FM 4-02)
retain - A tactical mission task in which the commander ensures that a terrain feature controlled by a friendly
force remains free of enemy occupation or use. (FM 3-90-1) See also **tactical mission task**.
retirement - A form of retrograde in which a force out of contact moves away from the enemy. (ADRP 3-90)
retrograde - (DOD) The process for the movement of non-unit equipment and materiel from a forward
location to a reset (replenishment, repair, or recapitalization) program or to another directed area of operations to replenish unit stocks, or to satisfy stock requirements. (JP 4-09) See ATP 3-06.20, ATP 4-48.
(Army) A defensive task that involves organized movement away from the enemy. (ADRP 3-90)
retrograde movement - Any movement of a command to the rear, or away from the enemy. It may be focused
by the enemy or may be made voluntarily. Such movements may be classified as a withdrawal, retirement,
or delaying action. (FM 3-90-1)
retrograde of material - An Army logistics function of returning materiel from the owning or using unit back
through the distribution system to the source of supply, directed ship to location, or point of disposal. (ATP 4-0.1)
return to duty - A patient disposition which, after medical evaluation and treatment when necessary, returns a
Soldier for duty in his unit. (FM 4-02)
riot control agent - (DOD) Any chemical, not listed in a schedule of the Convention on the Prohibition of the
Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction that can produce rapidly in humans sensory irritation or disabling physical effects that disappear within a short time following termination of exposure. Also called RCA. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
risk - (DOD) Probability and severity of loss linked to hazards. (JP 5-0) See ATP 5-19.
risk assessment - (DOD) The identification and assessment of hazards (first two steps of risk management
process). Also called RA. (JP 3-07.2) See ATP 3-60.1, ATP 5-19.
risk management - (DOD) The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling risks arising from operational
factors and making decisions that balance risk cost with mission benefits. Also called RM. (JP 3-0) See
ADRP 5-0, FM 3-57, FM 6-0, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-94.2,
ATP 6-01.1.
role - The broad and enduring purpose for which the organization or branch is established. (ADP 1-01)
route - The prescribed course to be traveled from a specific point of origin to a specific destination.
(FM 3-90-1)
route classification - (DOD) Classification assigned to a route using factors of minimum width, worst route
type, least bridge, raft, or culvert military load classification, and obstructions to traffic flow. (JP 3-34) See ATP 4-01.45.
route reconnaissance - A directed effort to obtain detailed information of a specified route and all terrain from
which the enemy could influence movement along that route. (ADRP 3-90)
rolling resistance - The force components acting on a train in a direction parallel with the track, which tend to
hold or retard the train's movement. Also called RR. (ATP 4-14)
rule of law - A principle under which all persons, institutions, and entities, public and private, including the
state itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced, and independently adjudicated, and that are consistent with international human rights principles. (FM 3-07)
rules of engagement - (DOD) Directives issued by competent military authority that delineate the
circumstances and limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/or continue combat engagement with other forces encountered. Also called ROE. (JP 1-04) See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-05, ADRP 3-09, FM 1-04, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-27.3, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-01.45.
running estimate - The continuous assessment of the current situation used to determine if the current
operation is proceeding according to the commander's intent and if planned future operations are supportable. (ADP 5-0)
running track - Tracks that extend the entire length of the yard and provide a route of travel to any point in the
yard independent of the switching leads and classification tracks. (ATP 4-14)
ruse - (DOD) In military deception, a trick of war designed to deceive the adversary, usually involving the
deliberate exposure of false information to the adversary's intelligence collection system. (JP 3-13.4) See
FM 6-0.

## S

safe area - (DOD) A designated area in hostile territory that offers the evader or escapee a reasonable chance
of avoiding capture and of surviving until he or she can be evacuated. (JP 3-50) See ADRP 3-05.
safety factor - The ratio of the strength of the rope to the working load. (ATP 4-14) scheduled target - (DOD) Planned target upon which fires or other actions are scheduled for prosecution at a
specific time. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-09.30.
scheme of fires - The detailed, logical sequence of targets and fire support events to find and engage targets to
accomplish the supported commander's intent. (FM 3-09)
scheme of maneuver - (DOD) The central expression of the commander's concept for operations that governs
the design of supporting plans or annexes of how arrayed forces will accomplish the mission. (JP 5-0) See ATP 3-06.20.
science of control - The systems and procedures used to improve the commander's understanding and support
accomplishing missions. (ADP 6-0)
science of tactics - Encompasses the understanding of those military aspects of tacticscapabilities,
techniques and proceduresthat can be measured and codified. (ADRP 3-90)
scientific and technical intelligence - (DOD) The product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis,
and interpretation of foreign scientific and technical information that covers: a. foreign developments in
basic and applied research and in applied engineering techniques; and b. scientific and technical
characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of all foreign military systems, weapons, weapon systems, and materiel; the research and development related thereto; and the production methods employed for their manufacture. Also called S&TI. (JP 2-01) See ATP 2-22.4.
screen - A security task that primarily provides early warning to the protected force. (ADRP 3-90) See also
flank guard, guard, security operations, sensor, **surveillance**.
seaport - (DOD) A land facility designated for reception of personnel or materiel moved by sea, and that serves
as an authorized port of entrance into or departure from the country in which located. See also port of debarkation; port of embarkation. (JP 4-01.2) See FM 4-01, ATP 4-13.
search - (DOD) A systematic reconnaissance of a defined area, so that all parts of the area have passed within
visibility. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-21.20.
search and attack - A technique for conducting a movement to contact that shares many of the characteristics
of an area security mission. (FM 3-90-1)
search and rescue numerical encryption grid - (DOD) A predesignated ten-letter word without repeated
letters used exclusively by recovery forces or isolated personnel to encrypt numerical data such as position,
time, and/or headings in a covert manner. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.22.
search and rescue point - (DOD) A predesignated specific location, relative to which isolated personnel
provide their position to recovery forces. Also called SARDOT. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.22.

## Secret Internet Protocol Router Network - (Dod) The Worldwide Secret-Level Packet Switch Network That Uses High-Speed Internet Protocol Routers And High-Capacity Defense Information Systems Network Circuitry. Also Called Siprnet. (Jp 6-0) See Atp 6-02.53.

section - An Army unit smaller than a platoon and larger than a squad. (ADRP 3-90) sector air defense commander - (DOD) Commander subordinate to an area/regional air defense commander,
who is responsible for air and missile defense in the assigned sector and exercises authorities delegated by the area/regional air defense commander. Also called SADC. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5.
sector of fire - That area assigned to a unit, crew-served weapon, or an individual weapon within which it will
engage targets as they appear in accordance with established engagement priorities. (FM 3-90-1)
secure - A tactical mission task that involves preventing a unit, facility, or geographical location from being
damaged or destroyed as a result of enemy action. (FM 3-90-1) See also assault, breach, **denial measure**,
destroy, reduce, suppress, **tactical mission task**.
security - (DOD) 1. Measures taken by a military unit, activity, or installation to protect itself against all acts
designed to, or which may, impair its effectiveness. (JP 3-10) See ATP 3-21.20. 2. A condition that results from the establishment and maintenance of protective measures that ensure a state of inviolability from hostile acts or influences. (JP 3-10) 3. With respect to classified matter, the condition that prevents unauthorized persons from having access to official information that is safeguarded in the interests of national security. (JP 2-0) See ATP 3-06.20.
security area - That area that begins at the forward area of the battlefield and extends as far to the front and
flanks as security forces are deployed. Forces in the security area furnish information on the enemy and delay, deceive, and disrupt the enemy and conduct counterreconnaissance. (ADRP 3-90) See also
counterreconnaissance, delay, **disrupt**.
security assistance - (DOD) Group of programs authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as
amended, and the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended, or other related statutes by which the United States provides defense articles, military training, and other defense-related services, by grant, loan, credit, or cash sales in furtherance of national policies and objectives. Security assistance is an element of
security cooperation funded and authorized by Department of State to be administered by Department of
Defense/Defense Security Cooperation Agency. Also called SA. (JP 3-22) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.80, Title 22 USC Chapter 39 and 2151.
security cooperation - (DOD) All Department of Defense interactions with foreign defense establishments to
build defense relationships that promote specific United States security interests, develop allied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations, and provide United States forces with peacetime and contingency access to a host nation. Also called SC. (JP 3-22) See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-05, ADRP 3-07, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-93.
security cooperation organization - (DOD) All Department of Defense elements located in a foreign country
with assigned responsibilities for carrying out security assistance/cooperation management functions. It includes military assistance advisory groups, military missions and groups, offices of defense and military cooperation, liaison groups, and defense attache personnel designated to perform security assistance/cooperation functions. Also called SCO. (JP 3-22) See ATP 3-05.2.
security force assistance - (DOD) The Department of Defense activities that support the development of the
capacity and capability of foreign security forces and their supporting institutions. Also called SFA. (JP 3-22) See ADRP 3-05, ADRP 3-07, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3- 07.10, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-93. (Army) The unified action to generate, employ, and sustain local, host nation, or regional security forces in support of legitimate authority. (FM 3-07)
security forces - (DOD) Duly constituted military, paramilitary, police, and constabulary forces of a state.
(JP 3-22) See FM 3-0, ATP 3-05.2.
security operations - Those operations undertaken by a commander to provide early and accurate warning of
enemy operations, to provide the force being protected with time and maneuver space within which to react to the enemy, and to develop the situation to allow the commander to effectively use the protected force.
(ADRP 3-90) See also cover, guard, **screen**.
security sector reform - (DOD) A comprehensive set of programs and activities undertaken to improve the
way a host nation provides safety, security, and justice. Also called SSR. (JP 3-07) See FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20.
seize - (DOD) To employ combat forces to occupy physically and to control a designated area. (JP 3-18) See
ATP 3-06.20. (Army) A tactical mission task that involves taking possession of a designated area using
overwhelming force. (FM 3-90-1) See also contain, **tactical mission task**.
self-defense obscuration - Obscuration employed to protect United States forces at the vehicle level.
Self-defense obscuration is used to defeat or degrade adversary area of operations weapon system guidance links. (ATP 3-11.50)
self-development training domain - Planned, goal-oriented learning that reinforces and expands the depth and
breadth of an individual's knowledge base, self-awareness, and situational awareness; complements institutional and operational learning; enhances professional competence; and meets personal objectives. (ADP 7-0)
senior airfield authority - (DOD) An individual designated by the joint force commander to be responsible for
the control, operation, and maintenance of an airfield to include the runways, associated taxiways, parking ramps, land, and facilities whose proximity directly affects airfield operations. Also called SAA. (JP 3-17) See ATP 3-17.2, ATP 3-52.3.
sensitive site - (DOD) A geographically limited area that contains, but is not limited to, adversary information
systems, war crimes sites, critical government facilities, and areas suspected of containing high value targets. (JP 3-31) See ATP 3-90.15.
sensitive-site assessment - Determination of whether threats or hazards associated with a sensitive site warrant
exploitation. Also called SSA. (ATP 3-11.23)
sequel - (DOD) The subsequent major operation or phase based on the possible outcomes (success, stalemate,
or defeat) of the current major operation or phase. (JP 5-0) See FM 3-07, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-01.16.
Service component command - (DOD) A command consisting of the Service component commander and all
those Service forces, such as individuals, units, detachments, organizations, and installations under that
command, including the support forces that have been assigned to a combatant command or further
assigned to a subordinate unified command or joint task force. (JP 1) See ATP 3-52.3.
Service doctrine - Those publications approved by a single Service for use within that Service. (ADP 1-01)
shadow government - Governmental elements and activities performed by the irregular organization that will
eventually take the place of the existing government. Members of the shadow government can be in any element of the irregular organization (underground, auxiliary, or guerrilla force). (ATP 3-05.1)
shaping operation - An operation that establishes conditions for the decisive operation through effects on the
enemy, other actors, and the terrain. (ADRP 3-0) See also decisive operation, **sustaining operation**.
sheaf - The lateral distribution of the bursts of two or more pieces fired together. (ATP 3-09.50) short ton - Equivalent of 2,000 pounds (0.907 metric ton) of weight. (ATP 4-35)
shuttle - A single transport mission completed in repeated trips by the same vehicles between two points.
(ATP 4-11)
signal operating instructions - (DOD) A series of orders issued for technical control and coordination of the
signal communication activities of a command. (JP 6-0) See ATP 6-02.53.
signals intelligence - (DOD) 1. A category of intelligence comprising either individually or in combination all
communications intelligence, electronic intelligence, and foreign instrumentation signals intelligence, however transmitted. (JP 2-0) See FM 2-0, FM 3-16. 2. Intelligence derived from communications, electronic, and foreign instrumentation signals. Also called SIGINT. (JP 2-0) See FM 2-0, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-21.20.
simplicity - Relates to processes and procedures to minimize the complexity of sustainment. (ADP 4-0)
single envelopment - A form of maneuver that results from maneuvering around one assailable flank of a
designated enemy force. (FM 3-90-1)
single port manager - (DOD) The transportation component, designated by the Department of Defense
through the US Transportation Command, responsible for management of all common-user aerial and seaports worldwide. Also called SPM. (JP 4-01.5) See ATP 4-13.
site characterization - A complete description and inventory of all personnel, equipment, material, and
information discovered during exploitation. (ATP 3-11.23)
site exploitation - (DOD) A series of activities to recognize, collect, process, preserve, and analyze
information, personnel, and/or materiel found during the conduct of operations. Also called SE. (JP 3-31) See FM 3-24, FM 3-98, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-60. (Army) The synchronized and integrated application of scientific and technological capabilities and enablers to answer information requirements, facilitate subsequent operations, and support host-nation rule of law. (ATP 3-90.15)
situation template - (DOD) A depiction of assumed adversary dispositions, based on that adversary's preferred
method of operations and the impact of the operational environment if the adversary should adopt a particular course of action. (JP 2-01.3) See ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16.
situational obstacle - An obstacle that a unit plans and possibly prepares prior to starting an operation, but
does not execute unless specific criteria are met. (ATP 3-90.8)
situational understanding - The product of applying analysis and judgment to relevant information to
determine the relationship among the operational and mission variables to facilitate decisionmaking. (ADP 5-0)
sociocultural factors - (DOD) The social, cultural, and behavioral factors characterizing the relationships and
activities of the population or a specific region or operational environment. (JP 2-01.3) See ADRP 3-05, ATP 2-01.3.
Soldier and leader engagement - Interpersonal interactions by Soldiers and leaders with audiences in an area
of operations. (FM 3-13)
space asset - (DOD) Equipment that is an individual part of a space system, which is or can be placed in space
or directly supports space activity terrestrially. (JP 3-14) See FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space capability - (DOD) 1. The ability of a space asset to accomplish a mission. 2. The ability of a
terrestrial-based asset to accomplish a mission in or through space. See also space asset. (JP 3-14) See FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3 .
space coordinating authority - (DOD) 2.A commander or individual assigned responsibility for planning,
integrating, and coordinating space operations support in the operational area. Also called SCA. (JP 3-14) See FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3, ATP 3-52.2.
space environment - (DOD) The environment corresponding to the space domain, where electromagnetic
radiation, charged particles, and electric and magnetic fields are the dominant physical influences, and that encompasses the earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere, interplanetary space, and the solar atmosphere. (JP 3-59) See FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space forces - (DOD) The space and terrestrial systems, equipment, facilities, organizations, and personnel
necessary to access, use and, if directed, control space for national security. See also national security; space systems. (JP 3-14) See FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space power - (DOD) The total strength of a nation's capabilities to conduct and influence activities to, in,
through, and from space to achieve its objectives. (JP 3-14) See FM 3-14.
space situational awareness - (DOD) Cognizance of the requisite current and predictive knowledge of the
space environment and the operational environment upon which space operations depend. (JP 3-14) See ATP 3-14.3.
space superiority - (DOD) The degree of dominance in space of one force over any others that permits the
conduct of its operations at a given time and place without prohibitive interference from terrestrial and space-based threats. (JP 3-14) See FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space systems - (DOD) All of the devices and organizations forming the space network. (JP 3-14) See
ATP 3-14.3.
space weather - (DOD) The conditions and phenomena in space and specifically in the near-Earth environment
that may affect space assets or space operations. (JP 3-59) See ATP 3-14.3.
special forces - (DOD) United States Army forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct special
operations with an emphasis on unconventional warfare capabilities. Also called SF. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-18, ATP 3-75.
special operations - (DOD) Operations requiring unique modes of employment, tactical techniques,
equipment, and training often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments and characterized by one or more of the following: time sensitive, clandestine, low visibility, conducted with and/or through indigenous forces, requiring regional expertise, and/or a high degree of risk. Also called SO. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, FM 1-04, FM 3-05, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-09.13, ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-57.50, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-75.
special operations command - (DOD) A subordinate unified or other joint command established by a joint
force commander to plan, coordinate, conduct, and support joint special operations within the joint force
commander's assigned operational area. See also **special operations**. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05,
ATP 3-05.11.
special operations command and control element - (DOD) A special operations element that is the focal
point for the synchronization of special operations forces activities with conventional forces. Also called SOCCE. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05.
special operations forces - (DOD) Those Active and Reserve Component forces of the Military Service
designated by the Secretary of Defense and specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called SOF. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, FM 3-53, FM 6-05, ATP 3-09.13, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-60.2.
special operations liaison element - (DOD) A special operations liaison team provided by the joint force
special operations component commander to coordinate, deconflict, and synchronize special operations air, surface, and subsurface operations with conventional air operations. Also called SOLE. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05.
special operations-peculiar - (DOD) Equipment, material, supplies, and services required for special
operations missions for which there is no Service-common requirement. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-53.
special operations task force - A temporary or semipermanent grouping of Army special operations forces
units under one commander and formed to carry out a specific operation or a continuing mission. Also called SOTF. (ADRP 3-05)
special reconnaissance - (DOD) Reconnaissance and surveillance actions conducted as a special operation in
hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to collect or verify information of strategic or operational significance, employing military capabilities not normally found in conventional forces. Also called SR. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, ADRP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-05, FM 3-90-2, FM 3-96,
FM 3-98, ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-20.97, ATP 3-21.20.
special tactics team - (DOD) An Air Force task-organized element of special tactics that may include combat
control, pararescue, tactical air control party, and special operations weather personnel. Also called STT. (JP 3-05) See ATP 3-18.11.
special warfare - The execution of activities that involve a combination of lethal and nonlethal actions taken
by a specially trained and educated force that has a deep understanding of cultures and foreign language, proficiency in small-unit tactics, and the ability to build and fight alongside indigenous combat formations in a permissive, uncertain, or hostile environment. (ADRP 3-05)
specified task - (Army) A task specifically assigned to a unit by its higher headquarters. (FM 6-0)
spectrum management operations - The interrelated functions of spectrum management, frequency
assignment, host nation coordination, and policy that together enable the planning, management, and execution of operations within the electromagnetic operational environment during all phases of military operations. Also called SMO. (FM 6-02)
spoiling attack - A tactical maneuver employed to seriously impair a hostile attack while the enemy is in the
process of forming or assembling for an attack. (FM 3-90-1)
spoke - (DOD) The portion of the hub and spoke distribution system that refers to transportation mode
operators responsible for scheduled delivery to a customer of the "hub". (JP 4-09) See FM 4-01. (Army) A
portion of the distribution system that refers to the transportation mode operator's responsibility for
scheduled delivery to a receiving unit. (ATP 4-11)
spot report - (DOD) A concise narrative report of essential information covering events or conditions that may
have an immediate and significant effect on current planning and operations that is afforded the most
expeditious means of transmission consistent with requisite security. Also called SPOTREP. (*Note.* In
reconnaissance and surveillance usage, spot report is not to be used.) (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 2-22.2-1, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 4-32.2.
squad - A small military unit typically containing two or more fire teams. (ADRP 3-90)
stability mechanism - The primary method through which friendly forces affect civilians in order to attain
conditions that support establishing a lasting, stable peace. (ADRP 3-0)
stability operations (DOD) An overarching term encompassing various military missions, tasks, and activities
conducted outside the United States in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment, provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief. (JP 3-0) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-37, FM 1-04,
FM 3-07, FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.70, FM 3-94, FM 4-30, FM 4-95, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-22.4, ATP 2-33.4,
ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-57.10.
stability tasks - Tasks conducted as part of operations outside the United States in coordination with other
instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment and provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief. (ADRP 3-07)
stabilization - The process by which underlying tensions that might lead to resurgence in violence and a
breakdown in the law and order are managed and reduced, while efforts are made to support preconditions for successful long-term development. (FM 3-07)
stabilized patient - (1) Patient may require emergency intervention, but not surgery, within the next 24 hours.
The patient's condition is characterized by a secure airway, control or absence of hemorrhage, shock
adequately treated, vital signs stable, and major fractures immobilized. Stabilization is a precondition of extended duration evacuation (up to 24 hours). This includes, but is not limited to: (a) Ventilator. (b) Physiologic monitors. (c) Skull free of air or functioning drains in place. (d) Chest tube functional or x-ray free of pneumothorax. (e) Oxygen requirement is acceptable. (f) Functioning nasogastric tube or absence of ileus. (g) Bone fixator is acceptable. (h) Plaster bi-valved. (i) Pulses present after vascular repair. Despite these definitive example characteristics, there are patients who do not fit these descriptions, and yet may be considered stabilizedas always, this clinical decision is decided on between the originating and receiving
physicians. (2) Patient whose condition may require emergency interventions within the next 24 hours. The
patient's condition is characterized by a minimum of a secured airway, control or absence of hemorrhage,
treated shock, and immobilized fractures. Stabilization is a necessary precondition for further evacuation. (3) A patient whose airway is secured, hemorrhage is controlled, shock is treated, and fractures are immobilized. (FM 4-02)
staff section - A group of staff members by area of expertise under a coordination, special, or personal staff
officer. (FM 6-0)
staging - (DOD) Assembling, holding, and organizing arriving personnel, equipment, and sustaining materiel
in preparation for onward movement. See also staging area. (JP 3-35) See ATP 3-35, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-13.
staging area - (DOD) 2. Other movements - a general locality established for the concentration of troop units
and transient personnel between movements over the lines of communications. Also called SA. (JP 3-35) See ATP 3-35, FM 4-01.
standard bridging - Any bridging constructed using manufactured bridge systems and components that are
designed to be transportable, easily constructed, and reused. (ATP 3-90.4)
standardization - (DOD) The process by which the Department of Defense achieves the closest practicable
cooperation among the Services and Department of Defense agencies for the most efficient use of research, development, and production resources, and agrees to adopt on the broadest possible basis the use of: a. common or compatible operational, administrative, and logistic procedures; b. common or compatible technical procedures and criteria; c. common, compatible, or interchangeable supplies, components, weapons, or equipment; and d. common or compatible tactical doctrine with corresponding organizational compatibility. (JP 4-02) See FM 3-16, ATP 4-12.
standard **operating procedure** - (DOD) A set of instructions covering those features of operations which lend
themselves to a definite or standardized procedure without loss of effectiveness. The procedure is applicable unless ordered otherwise. Also called SOP. (JP 3-31) See ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-90.90.
start point - A location on a route where the march elements fall under the control of a designated march
commander. Also called SP. (FM 3-90-2)
starting tractive effort - The power exerted by a locomotive to move itself and its load from a dead stop. Also
called STE. (ATP 4-14)
status-of-forces agreement - (DOD) A bilateral or multilateral agreement that defines the legal position of a
visiting military force deployed in the territory of a friendly state. Also called SOFA. (JP 3-16) See
ATP 3-07.31.
stay behind operation - An operation in which the commander leaves a unit in position to conduct a specified
mission while the remainder of the forces withdraw or retire from an area. (FM 3-90-1)
stewardship - The responsibility of Army professionals to strengthen the Army as a profession and to care for
the people and other resources entrusted to them by the American people. (ADRP 1)
strike - (DOD) An attack to damage or destroy an objective or a capability. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-09, FM 3-24,
ATP 3-09.42.
strike coordination and reconnaissance - A mission flown for the purpose of detecting targets and
coordinating or performing attack or reconnaissance on those targets. Also called SCAR. (JP 3-03) See ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2.
striking force - A dedicated counterattack force in a mobile defense constituted with the bulk of available
combat power. (ADRP 3-90) See also **mobile defense**.
strong point - A heavily fortified battle position tied to a natural or reinforcing obstacle to create an anchor for
the defense or to deny the enemy decisive or key terrain. (ADRP 3-90) Also called SP. See also **battle**
position, **mobile defense**.
subsequent position - A position that a unit expects to move to during the course of battle. (ADRP 3-90)
subversion - (DOD) Actions designated to undermine the military, economic, psychological, or political
strength or morale of a governing authority. (JP 3-24) See ADRP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.2.
supplementary position - A defensive position located within a unit's assigned area of operations that
provides the best sectors of fire and defensive terrain along an avenue of approach that is not the primary
avenue along where the enemy is expected to attack. (ADRP 3-90) See also alternate position, **area of**
operations, avenue of approach, battle position, **sector of fire**.
supply - (DOD) The procurement, distribution, maintenance while in storage, and salvage of supplies,
including the determination of kind and quantity of supplies. a. **producer phase**That phase of military
supply that extends from determination of procurement schedules to acceptance of finished supplies by the
Services. b. **consumer phase** That phase of military supply that extends from receipt of finished supplies
by the Services through issue for use or consumption. (JP 4-0) See ATP 4-48. (Army) The process of providing all items necessary to equip, maintain, and operate a military command. (ADP 1-02) See also
classes of supply.
supply chain - (DOD) The linked activities associated with providing materiel from a raw materiel stage to an
end user as a finished product. (JP 4-09) See ATP 4-0.1.
supply discipline - Command responsibility to identify and redistribute excess materials, observe senior
commander's priorities, and ensure subordinates operate within the legal boundaries of the logistics system.
(ADP 1-02)
supply support activity - (DOD) Activities assigned a Department of Defense activity address code and that
have a supply support mission. Also called SSA. (JP 4-09) See ATP 3-04.7.
support - (DOD) 1. The action of a force that aids, protects, complements, or sustains another force in
accordance with the directive requiring such action. See FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 6-05. 2. A unit that helps another unit in battle. 3. An element of a command that assists, protects, or supplies other forces in combat. (JP 1) See FM 3-07, FM 6-05.
support area - In contiguous areas of operations, an area for any commander that extends from its rear
boundary forward to the rear boundary of the next lower level of command. (ADRP 3-0)
support bridging - Bridges used to establish semipermanent or permanent support to planned movements and
road networks. (ATP 3-90.4)
support by fire - A tactical mission task in which a maneuver force moves to a position where it can engage
the enemy by direct fire in support of another maneuvering force. (FM 3-90-1) See also **attack by fire**,
overwatch, **tactical mission task**.
support by fire position - The general position from which a unit conducts the tactical mission task of support
by fire. (ADRP 3-90)
support operations - The staff function of planning, coordinating, and synchronizing sustainment in support of
units conducting decisive action in an area of operations. (ATP 4-93)
support to civil administration - Assistance given by U.S. armed forces to stabilize or to continue the
operations of the governing body or civil structure of a foreign country, whether by assisting an established government or by establishing military authority over an occupied population. Also called SCA. (FM 3-57)
supported commander - (DOD) 1. The commander having primary responsibility for all aspects of a task
assigned by the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan or other joint operation planning authority. 2. In the context of joint operation planning, the commander who prepares operation plans or operation orders in response to requirements of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 3. In the context of a support command relationship, the commander who receives assistance from another commander's force or
capabilities, and who is responsible for ensuring that the supporting commander understands the assistance required. (JP 3-0) See FM 6-05, ATP 3-60.2.
supported unit - (DOD) As related to contracted support, a supported unit is the organization that is the
recipient, but not necessarily the requester of, contractor-provided support. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10.
supporting arms coordination center - (DOD) A single location on board an amphibious command ship in
which all communication facilities incident to the coordination of fire support of the artillery, air, and naval gunfire are centralized. This is the naval counterpart to the fire support coordination center utilized by the landing force. Also called SACC. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-60.2.
supporting commander - (DOD) 1.A commander who provides augmentation forces or other support to a
supported commander or who develops a supporting plan. 2. In the context of a support command relationship, the commander who aids, protects, complements, or sustains another commander's force, and who is responsible for providing the assistance required by the supported commander. See also support, supported commander. (JP 3-0) See FM 6-05.
supporting distance - The distance between two units that can be traveled in time for one to come to the aid of
the other and prevent its defeat by an enemy or ensure it regains control of a civil situation. (ADRP 3-0)
See also **supporting range**.
supporting effort - A designated subordinate unit with a mission that supports the success of the main effort.
(ADRP 3-0)
supporting plan - (DOD) An operation plan prepared by a supporting commander, a subordinate commander,
or an agency to satisfy the requests or requirements of the supported commander's plan. (JP 5-0) See
FM 6-0, ATP 3-57.60.
supporting range - The distance one unit may be geographically separated from a second unit yet remain
within the maximum range of the second unit's weapons systems. (ADRP 3-0) See also **supporting** distance.
suppress - A tactical mission task that results in temporary degradation of the performance of a force or
weapons system below the level needed to accomplish the mission. (FM 3-90-1) See also tactical mission
task.
suppression - (DOD) Temporary or transient degradation by an opposing force of the performance of a
weapons system below the level needed to fulfill its mission objectives. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-21.20. (Army)In the context of the computed effects of field artillery fires, renders a target ineffective for a short period of time producing at least 3-percent casualties or materiel damage. (FM 3-09)
suppression of enemy air defenses - (DOD) Activity that neutralizes, destroys, or temporarily degrades
surface-based enemy air defenses by destructive and/or disruptive means. Also called SEAD. (JP 3-01) See FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-55.6.
suppressive fire - Fires on or about a weapons system to degrade its performance below the level needed to
fulfill its mission objectives during the conduct of the fires. (FM 3-09)
surgical strike - The execution of activities in a precise manner that employ special operations forces in
hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover, or damage designated targets, or influence threats. (ADRP 3-05)
surveillance - (DOD) The systematic observation of aerospace, surface or subsurface areas, places, persons, or
things by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. (JP 3-0) See FM 2-0, FM 3-55, FM 3-96, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6.
survivability - (DOD) All aspects of protecting personnel, weapons, and supplies while simultaneously
deceiving the enemy. (JP 3-34) See ADRP 3-90, FM 3-90-1, FM 4-01, FM 4-95, ATP 3-91. (Army, Marine
Corps) A quality or capability of military forces which permits them to avoid or withstand hostile actions or environmental conditions while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission. (ATP 3-37.34)
survivability move - A move that involves rapidly displacing a unit, command post, or facility in response to
direct and indirect fires, the approach of an enemy unit, a natural phenomenon, or as a proactive measure based on intelligence, meteorological data, and risk analysis of enemy capabilities and intentions (including weapons of mass destruction). (ADRP 3-90)
survivability operations - (Army, Marine Corps) Those military activities that alter the physical environment
to provide or improve cover, concealment, and camouflage. (ATP 3-37.34)
survival, evasion, resistance, and escape - (DOD) Actions performed by isolated personnel designed to
ensure their health, mobility, safety, and honor in anticipation of or preparation for their return to friendly
control. Also called SERE. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.22.
sustaining operation - An operation at any echelon that enables the decisive operation or shaping operations
by generating and maintaining combat power. (ADRP 3-0) See also decisive operation, shaping
operation.
sustainment - (DOD) The provision of logistics and personnel services required to maintain and prolong
operations until successful mission accomplishment. (JP 3-0) See FM 4-40. (Army) The provision of logistics, personnel services, and health service support necessary to maintain operations until successful mission completion. (ADP 4-0)
sustainment maintenance - Off -system component repair and/or end item repair and return to the supply
system or by exception to the owning unit, performed by national level maintenance providers. (FM 4-30)
sustainment preparation of the operational environment - The analysis to determine infrastructure,
environmental factors, and resources in the operational environment that will optimize or adversely impact friendly forces means for supporting and sustaining the commander's operations plan. (ADP 4-0)
sustainment warfighting function - The related tasks and systems that provide support and services to ensure
freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance. (ADRP 3-0) See also **warfighting**
function.
subballast - Gravel, sand, or cinders used to provide a level surface for the ballast and other track components.
(ATP 4-14)
switch engines - The type of motive power used for receiving cars, classifying, and reassembling them for
delivery or forward movement. (ATP 4-14)
switch stand - The mechanism which controls the operation of the switch and shows its position. (ATP 4-14) switch tie - Specially cut and formed hardwood crossties, designed to support switches, switch stands, and the
moveable rails of a switch. (ATP 4-14)
synchronization - (DOD) 1. The arrangement of military actions in time, space, and purpose to produce
maximum relative combat power at a decisive place and time (JP 2-0) See ADP 3-0, ADRP 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-05. 2. In the intelligence context, application of intelligence sources and methods in concert with the operation plan to ensure intelligence requirements are answered in time to influence the decisions they
support. (JP 2-0) See FM 3-07, FM 6-05.
system - (DOD) A functionally, physically, and/or behaviorally related group of regularly interacting or
interdependent elements; that group of elements forming a unified whole. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-07.
systems support contract - (DOD) A prearranged contract awarded by a Service acquisition program
management office that provides technical support, maintenance and, in some cases, repair parts for selected military weapon and support systems. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10.

## T

TABOO frequencies - (DOD) Any friendly frequency of such importance that it must never be deliberately
jammed or interfered with by friendly forces including international distress, safety, and controller frequencies. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) See ATP 6-02.70.
tacit knowledge - What individuals know; a unique, personal store of knowledge gained from life experiences,
training, and networks of friends, acquaintances, and professional colleagues. (ATP 6-01.1)
tactical air command center - (DOD) The principal US Marine Corps air command and control agency from
which air operations and air defense warning functions are directed. It is the senior agency of the US Marine air command and control system that serves as the operational command post of the aviation combat element commander. It provides the facility from which the aviation combat element commander and his battle staff plan, supervise, coordinate, and execute all current and future air operations in support of the Marine air-ground task force. The tactical air command center can provide integration, coordination, and direction of joint and combined air operations. Also called TACC (USMC). (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
tactical air control center - (DOD) The principal air operations installation (ship-based) from which all
aircraft and air warning functions of tactical air operations are controlled. Also called TACC (USN). (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
tactical air control party - (DOD) A subordinate operational component of a tactical air control system
designed to provide air liaison to land forces and for the control of aircraft. Also called TACP. (JP 3-09.3) See FM 3-09, FM 6-05, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-52.2.
tactical air coordinator (airborne) - (DOD) An officer who coordinates, from an aircraft, the actions of other
aircraft engaged in air support of ground or sea forces. Also called TAC(A). (JP 3-09.3) See FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42.
tactical assembly area - (DOD) An area that is generally out of the reach of light artillery and the location
where units make final preparations (pre-combat checks and inspections) and rest, prior to moving to the line of departure. See also line of departure. Also called TAA. (JP 3-35) See ATP 3-35.
tactical bridging - Bridges employed under the threat of direct or indirect fire for the immediate mobility
support of combat maneuver forces in close combat and are intended to be used multiple times for short periods. (ATP 3-90.4)
tactical combat force - (DOD) A rapidly deployable, air-ground mobile combat unit, with appropriate combat
support and combat service support assets assigned to and capable of defeating Level III threats including
combined arms. Also called TCF. (JP 3-10) See FM 3-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-91.
tactical command post - A facility containing a tailored portion of a unit headquarters designed to control
portions of an operation for a limited time. (FM 6-0)
tactical control - (DOD) The authority over forces that is limited to the detailed direction and control of
movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned. Also called TACON. (JP 1) See ADRP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0, FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-53.1.
tactical level of war - (DOD) The level of war at which battles and engagements are planned and executed to
achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces. (JP 3-0) See ADP 3-90.
tactical mission task - The specific activity performed by a unit while executing a form of tactical operation or
form of maneuver. It may be expressed in terms of either actions by a friendly force or effects on an enemy
force. See also mission statement, **operation order**. (FM 3-90-1)
tactical questioning - (DOD) The field-expedient initial questioning for information of immediate tactical
value of a captured or detained person at or near the point of capture and before the individual is placed in a detention facility. Also called TQ. (JP 3-63) See FM 1-04, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-55.4.
tactical road march - A rapid movement used to relocate units within an area of operations to prepare for
combat operations. (ADRP 3-90) See also **area of operations**.
tactics - (DOD) The employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other.
(CJCSM 5120.01A) See ADP 1-01, ADP 3-90, ADRP 3-90, FM 3-09, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20.
tailgate medical support - An economy of force device employed primarily to retain maximum mobility
during movement halts or to avoid the time and effort required to set up a formal, operational treatment facility (for example, during rapid advance and retrograde operations). (FM 4-02)
target - (DOD) 1. An entity or object considered for possible engagement or other action. See ADP 3-09,
ADRP 3-09, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-06.20, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42. 2. In intelligence usage, a country, area, installation, agency, or person against which intelligence operations are directed. See FM 3-09, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-06.20. 3. An area designated and numbered for future firing. See FM 3-0,
FM 3-90-1, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-09.30. 4. In gunfire support usage, an impact burst that hits the target.
(JP 3-60) See ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-60.
target acquisition - (DOD) The detection, identification, and location of a target in sufficient detail to permit
the effective employment of weapons. Also called TA. (JP 3-60) See ADRP 3-09, FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.12, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.6.
target analysis - (DOD) An examination of potential targets to determine military importance, priority of
attack, and weapons required to obtain a desired level of damage or casualties. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-55.6.
target area of interest - (DOD) The geographical area where high-value targets can be acquired and engaged
by friendly forces. Also called TAI. (JP 2-01.3) See FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-98, ATP 3-01.16,
ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2. See also high-payoff target, **high-value target.**
target audience - (DOD) An individual or group selected for influence. Also called TA (JP 3-13) See FM 3-24,
FM 3-53, ATP 3-53.2.
target development - (DOD) The systematic examination of potential target systems - and their components,
individual targets, and even elements of targets - to determine the necessary type and duration of the
action that must be exerted on each target to create an effect that is consistent with the commander's
specific objectives. (JP 3-60) See ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-94.2.
target identification - The accurate and timely characterization of a detected object on the battlefield as friend,
neutral, or enemy. (ATP 3-21.20)
targeting - (DOD) The process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response to
them, considering operational requirements and capabilities. (JP 3-0) See ADP 3-09, ADRP 3-09, ADRP 5-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-16, FM 3-98, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-22.4, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-94.2.
target intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence that portrays and locates the components of a target or target complex
and indicates its vulnerability and relative importance. (JP 3-60) See ATP 2-19.3.
target location error - (DOD) The difference between the coordinates generated for a target and the actual
location of the target. Also called TLE. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-09.42.
target of opportunity - (DOD) 1. A target identified too late, or not selected for action in time, to be included
in deliberate targeting that, when detected or located, meets criteria specific to achieving objectives and is processed using dynamic targeting. See ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-53.2. 2. A target visible to a surface or air sensor or observer, which is within range of available weapons and against which fire has not
been scheduled or requested. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-60.1.
target reference point - (DOD) A predetermined point of reference, normally a permanent structure or terrain
feature that can be used when describing a target location. Also called TRP. (JP 3-09.3) See FM 3-0,
ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-21.20. See also engagement area, **sector of fire**.
task - (DOD) A clearly defined action or activity specifically assigned to an individual or organization that
must be done as it is imposed by an appropriate authority. (JP 1) See ADP 1-01, ATP 3-93.
task order - (DOD) Order for services placed against an established contract. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10. task organization - (Army) A temporary grouping of forces designed to accomplish a particular mission.
(ADRP 5-0)
task-organizing - (DOD) An organization that assigns to responsible commanders the means with which to
accomplish their assigned tasks in any planned action. (JP 3-33) See FM 3-98. (Army) The act of designing an operating force, support staff, or sustainment package of specific size and composition to meet a unique task or mission. (ADRP 3-0)
technical control - The supervision of human intelligence, counterintelligence, and signals intelligence
collection tactics, techniques, and procedures. Technical control does not interfere with tasking organic human intelligence, counterintelligence, and signals intelligence collection assets; it ensures adherence to existing policies or regulations by providing technical guidance for human intelligence, counterintelligence, and signals intelligence tasks within the information collection plan. (ATP 2-01)
technical intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence derived from the collection, processing, analysis, and exploitation
of data and information pertaining to foreign equipment and materiel for the purposes of preventing technological surprise, assessing foreign scientific and technical capabilities, and developing
countermeasures designed to neutralize an adversary's technological advantages. Also called TECHINT.
(JP 2-0) See FM 3-16, ATP 2-22.4, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-90.1.
techniques - (DOD) Non-prescriptive ways or methods used to perform missions, functions, or tasks.
(CJCSM 5120.01A) See ADP 1-01, ADRP 3-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.50, ATP 3-21.20.
tempo - The relative speed and rhythm of military operations over time with respect to the enemy. (ADRP 3-0)
tenets of operations - Desirable attributes that should be built into all plans and operations and are directly
related to the Army's operational concept. (ADP 1-01)
terminal - (DOD) A facility designed to transfer cargo from one means of conveyance to another. (JP 4-01.6)
See FM 4-01, ATP 4-13.
terminal attack control - (DOD) The authority to control the maneuver of and grant weapons release
clearance to attacking aircraft. (JP 3-09.3) See FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20.
terminal guidance operations - (DOD) Those actions that provide electronic, mechanical, voice or visual
communications that provide approaching aircraft and/or weapons additional information regarding a specific target location. Also called TGO. (JP 3-09) See ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20.
terminal operations - (DOD) The reception, processing, and staging of passengers; the receipt, transit storage
and marshalling of cargo; the loading and unloading of modes of transport conveyances; and the manifesting and forwarding of cargo and passengers to a destination. (JP 4-01.5) See FM 4-01, ATP 4-11,
ATP 4-13.
terminal phase - (DOD) That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile that begins when the warhead or
payload reenters the atmosphere and ends when the warhead or payload detonates, release its submunitions,
or impacts. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5.
termination criteria - (DOD) The specified standards approved by the President and/or the Secretary of
Defense that must be met before a joint operation can be concluded. (JP 3-0) See ATP 4-93.
terrain analysis - DOD) The collection, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of geographic information on
the natural and man-made features of the terrain, combined with other relevant factors, to predict the effect of the terrain on military operations. (JP 2-03) See ATP 2-01.3. (Army) The study of the terrain's
properties and how they change over time, with use, and under varying weather conditions. (ATP 3-34.80)
terrain management - The process of allocating terrain by establishing areas of operation, designating
assembly areas, and specifying locations for units and activities to deconflict activities that might interfere
with each other. (ADRP 5-0) See also **area of operations**.
terrorism - (DOD) The unlawful use of violence or threat of violence, often motivated by religious, political,
or other ideological beliefs, to instill fear and coerce governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are usually political. (JP 3-07.2) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.80.
theater - (DOD) The geographical area for which a commander of a geographic combatant command has been
assigned responsibility. (JP 1) See ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
theater closing - The process of redeploying Army forces and equipment from a theater, the drawdown and
removal or disposition of Army non-unit equipment and materiel, and the transition of materiel and facilities back to host nation or civil authorities. (ADP 4-0)
theater container management - The supervision and control of containers as they move through the
distribution system to ensure they are delivered, discharged and returned in accordance to the combatant commander's concept of operations. (ATP 4-12)
theater distribution - (DOD) The flow of equipment, personnel, and material within theater to meet the
geographic combatant commander's mission. (JP 4-09) See ADRP 4-0, ATP 4-0.1, ATP 4-48.
theater distribution system - (DOD) A distribution system comprised of four independent and mutually
supported networks within theater to meet the geographic combatant commander's requirements: the
physical network; the financial network; the information network; and the communications network.
(JP 4-01) See FM 4-01.
theater evacuation policy - A command decision indicating the length in days of the maximum period of
noneffectiveness that patients may be held within the command for treatment. Patients that, in the opinion of a responsible medical officer, cannot be returned to duty status within the period prescribed are evacuated by the first available means, provided the travel involved will not aggravate their disabilities. (FM 4-02)
theater event system - (DOD) Architecture for reporting ballistic missile events, composed of three
independent processing and reporting elements: the joint tactical ground stations, tactical detection and reporting, and the space-based infrared system mission control station. Also called TES. (JP 3-14) See FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.5.
theater of operations - (DOD) An operational area defined by the geographic combatant commander for the
conduct or support of specific military operations. Also called TO. (JP 3-0) See ATP 3-52.2, ATP 4-43, ATP 4-93.
theater opening - The ability to establish and operate ports of debarkation (air, sea, and rail), to establish a
distribution system, and to facilitate throughput for the reception, staging, and onward movement of forces within a theater of operations. (ADP 4-0)
theater special operations command - (DOD) A subordinate unified command established by a combatant
commander to plan, coordinate, conduct, and support joint special operations. Also called TSOC. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, FM 3-53, ATP 3-05.2.
theater support contract - (DOD) A type of contingency contract awarded by contracting officers in the
operational area serving under the direct contracting authority of the Service component or designated joint head of contracting activity for the designated contingency operation. (JP 4-10) See ATP 4-10.
theater validation identification - The employment of multiple independent, established protocols and
technologies by scientific experts in the controlled environment of a fixed or mobile/transportable laboratory to characterize a chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear hazard with a high level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary to support operational-level decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
thorough decontamination - (DOD) Decontamination carried out by a unit to reduce contamination on
personnel, equipment, materiel, and/or working areas equal to natural background or to the lowest possible levels, to permit the partial or total removal of individual protective equipment and to maintain operations with minimum degradation. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.7.
threat - Any combination of actors, entities, or forces that have the capability and intent to harm United States
forces, United States national interests, or the homeland. (ADRP 3-0)
threat assessment - (DOD) In antiterrorism, examining the capabilities, intentions, and activities, past and
present, of terrorist organizations as well as the security environment within which friendly forces operate to determine the level of threat. Also called TA. (JP 3-07.2) See FM 3-16.
throughput - (DOD) 1. In transportation, the average quantity of cargo and passengers that can pass through a
port on a daily basis from arrival at the port to loading onto a ship or plane, or from the discharge from a ship or plane to the exit (clearance) from the port complex. (JP 4-01.5) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-01.91, ATP 4-0.1, ATP 4-13, ATP 4-93. 2. In patient movement and care, the maximum number of patients (stable or stabilized) by category, that can be received at the airport, staged, transported, and received at the proper hospital within any 24-hour period. (JP 4-02) See FM 4-01.
throughput capacity - (DOD) The estimated capacity of a port or an anchorage to clear cargo and/or
passengers in 24 hours usually expressed in tons for cargo, but may be expressed in any agreed upon unit of measurement. See also clearance capacity. (JP 4-01.5) See FM 4-01.
throughput distribution - A method of distribution which bypasses one or more intermediate supply echelons
in the supply system to avoid multiple handling. (ATP 4-11)
time of attack - The moment the leading elements of the main body cross the line of departure or, in a night
attack, the point of departure. (ADRP 3-90) See also line of departure, **point of departure**.
time on target - (DOD) The actual time at which munitions impact the target. Also called TOT. (JP 3-09.3)
See ATP 3-60.2.
time-phased force and deployment data - (DOD) The time-phased force data, non-unit cargo and personnel
data, and movement data for the operation plan or operation order or ongoing rotation of forces. Also called TPFDD. See also time-phased force and deployment list. (JP 5-0) See FM 4-01.
time-phased force and deployment list - (DOD) Appendix 1 to Annex A of the operation plan. It identifies
types and/or actual units required to support the operation plan and indicates origin and ports of debarkation or ocean area. It may also be generated as a computer listing from the time-phased force and deployment data. Also called TPFDL. See also time-phased force and deployment data. (JP 4-05) See FM 4-01.
times - (DOD) The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff coordinates the proposed dates and times with the
commanders of the appropriate unified and specified commands, as well as any recommended changes to
when specified operations are to occur (C-, D-, M-days end at 2400 hours Universal Time [Zulu time] and
are assumed to be 24 hours long for planning). (JP 5-0) See FM 6-0.
time-sensitive target - (DOD) A joint force commander validated target or set of targets requiring immediate
response because it is a highly lucrative, fleeting target of opportunity or it poses (or will soon pose) a danger to friendly forces. Also called TST. (JP 3-60) See FM 6-05, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2.
token - An electronic identification method used within a multi-node configured command and control, battle
management, and communications suite to identify the lead server for transmission of track data. The token may be transferred between suites to maintain positive integrity of track data. The suite where the token resides is the only suite that may make changes to the AN/TPY-2 system configuration. The token methodology also applies within a single node command and control, battle management, and communications suite, but the token remains within the single node. (ATP 3-27.5)
toxic industrial biological - (DOD) Any biological material manufactured, used, transported, or stored by
industrial, medical, or commercial processes which could pose an infectious or toxic threat. Also called TIB. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11.
toxic industrial chemical - (DOD) A chemical developed or manufactured for use in industrial operations or
research by industry, government, or academia that poses a hazard. Also called TIC. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.82.
toxic industrial material - (DOD) A generic term for toxic, chemical, biological, or radioactive substances in
solid, liquid, aerosolized, or gaseous form that may be used, or stored for use, for industrial, commercial,
medical, military, or domestic purposes. Also called TIM. (JP 3-11) See ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.7.
track - (DOD) 1. A series of related contacts displayed on a data display console or other display device.
(JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5. 2. To display or record the successive positions of a moving object. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-27.5. 3, ATP 3-55.6. To lock onto a point of radiation and obtain guidance therefrom. 4. To keep a gun properly aimed, or to point continuously a target-locating instrument at a moving target. 5. The actual path of an aircraft above or a ship on the surface of the Earth. 6. One of the two endless belts of which a full-track or half-track vehicle runs. 7. A metal part forming a path of a moving object such as the track around the inside of a vehicle for moving a mounted machine gun. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5.
track alignment - The horizontal dimension of a track; for example, curves. (ATP 4-14)
tracking - (DOD) Precise and continuous position-finding of targets by radar, optical, or other means.
(JP 3-07.4) See ATP 3-04.7.
track profile - The vertical dimensions of the track caused by terrain features such as hills or valleys.
(ATP 4-14)
tractive effort - A measure of the potential power of a locomotive expressed in pounds. (ATP 4-14)
traffic control post - A manned post that is used to preclude the interruption of traffic flow or movement along
a designated route. (FM 3-39)
trail party - The last march unit in a march column and normally consists of primarily maintenance elements
in a mounted march. (FM 3-90-2) See also march serial, **march unit**.
train density - The number of trains that may be operated safely over a division in each direction during a
24-hour period. Also called TD. (ATP 4-14)
train dispatcher - Responsible for main-line movement of passenger and freight trains on a division.
(ATP 4-14)
training and evaluation outline - A summary document that provides information on individual or collective
task training objectives, resource requirements, and evaluation procedures. Also called T&EO. (FM 7-0)
training and readiness oversight - (DOD) The authority that combatant commanders may exercise over
assigned Reserve Component forces when not on active duty or when on active duty for training. Also
called TRO. See also combatant commander. (JP 1) See FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
training objective - A statement that describes the desired outcome of a training activity in the unit.
(ADRP 7-0)
transitional military authority - A temporary military government exercising the functions of civil
administration in the absence of a legitimate civil authority. (FM 3-07)
transportation - A logistics function that includes movement control and associated activities to incorporate
military, commercial, and multinational motor, rail, air, and water mode assets in the movement of units, personnel, equipment, and supplies in support the concept of operations. (ADP 1-02)
transportation component command - (DOD) A major command of its parent Service under United States
Transportation Command, which includes Air Force Air Mobility Command, Navy Military Sealift Command, and Army Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command. Also called TCC. (JP 4-01.6) See FM 4-01.
transportation feasibility - (DOD) A determination that the capability exists to move forces, equipment, and
supplies from the point of origin to the final destination within the time required. (JP 4-09) See FM 4-01.
transportation priorities - (DOD) Indicators assigned to eligible traffic that establish its movement
precedence. (JP 4-09) See FM 4-01.
transportation system - (DOD) All the land, water, and air routes and transportation assets engaged in the
movement of United States forces and their supplies during military operations, involving both mature and
immature theaters and at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war. (JP 4-01) See FM 4-01.
traveling - A movement technique used when speed is necessary and contact with enemy forces is not likely.
(ATP 3-21.20)
traveling overwatch - A movement technique used when contact with enemy forces is possible. The lead
element and trailing element are separated by a short distance which varies with the terrain. The trailing element moves at variable speeds and may pause for short periods to overwatch the lead element. It keys its movement to terrain and the lead element. The trailing element over-watches at such a distance that, should the enemy engage the lead element, it will not prevent the trailing element from firing or moving to support the lead element. (FM 3-90-2)
triage - The medical sorting of patients. The categories are: MINIMAL (OR AMBULATORY) those who
require limited treatment and can be returned to duty; IMMEDIATEpatients requiring immediate care to save life or limb; DELAYEDpatients who, after emergency treatment, incur little additional risk by delay or further treatment; and EXPECTANTpatients so critically injured that only complicated and prolonged
treatment will improve life expectancy. (FM 4-02)
trigger line - A phase line located on identifiable terrain that crosses the engagement area that is used to initiate
and mass fires into an engagement area at a predetermined range for all or like weapon systems.
(ATP 3-21.20) See also engagement area, **phase line**.
troop - A company-size unit in a cavalry organization. (ADRP 3-90)
troop leading procedures - A dynamic process used by small-unit leaders to analyze a mission, develop a
plan, and prepare for an operation. (ADP 5-0)
troop movement - The movement of troops from one place to another by any available means. (ADRP 3-90) turn - 1. A tactical mission task that involves forcing an enemy force from one avenue of approach or mobility
corridor to another. 2. A tactical obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to divert an enemy formation from one avenue of approach to an adjacent avenue of approach or into an engagement
area. (FM 3-90-1) See also avenue of approach, **tactical mission task**.
turning movement - (Army) A form of maneuver in which the attacking force seeks to avoid the enemy's
principle defensive positions by seizing objectives behind the enemy's current positions thereby causing the
enemy force to move out of their current positions or divert major forces to meet the threat. (FM 3-90-1)
two-level maintenance - Tiered maintenance system comprised of field and sustainment maintenance.
(FM 4-30)

## U

unanticipated target - (DOD) A target of opportunity that was unknown or not expected to exist in the
operational environment. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-60.1.
unauthorized commitment - (DOD) An agreement that is not binding solely because the United States
Government representative who made it lacked the authority to enter into that agreement on behalf of the United States Government. (JP 4-10) See FM 1-04, ATP 4-10.
uncertain environment - (DOD) Operational environment in which host government forces, whether opposed
to or receptive to operations that a unit intends to conduct, do not have totally effective control of the territory and population in the intended operational area. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.10.
uncommitted force - A force that is not in contact with an enemy and is not already deployed on a specific
mission or course of action. (ADRP 3-90)
unconventional assisted recovery - (DOD) Nonconventional assisted recovery conducted by special
operations forces. Also called UAR. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-05.1.
unconventional assisted recovery coordination cell - (DOD) A compartmented special operations forces
facility, established by the joint force special operations component commander, staffed on a continuous basis by supervisory personnel and tactical planners to coordinate, synchronize, and de-conflict nonconventional assisted recovery operations within the operational area assigned to the joint force
commander. Also called UARCC. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-05.1.
unconventional warfare - (DOD) Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to
coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerilla force in a denied area. Also called UW. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-53, FM 6-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 4-14.
underframe - The structure of a railcar under the deck that supports the weight of the load. (ATP 4-14)
underground - A cellular covert element within unconventional warfare that is compartmentalized and
conducts covert or clandestine activities in areas normally denied to the auxiliary and the guerrilla force. (ADRP 3-05)
unexploded explosive ordnance - (DOD) Explosive ordnance which has been primed, fused, armed or
otherwise prepared for action, and which has been fired, dropped, launched, projected, or placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installations, personnel, or material and remains unexploded
either by malfunction or design or for any other cause. Also called UXO. (JP 3-15) See ATP 3-07.31,
ATP 4-32, ATP 4-32.2.
unified action - (DOD) The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental
and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort. (JP 1) See ADP 6-0, ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-07, ADRP 3-28, ADRP 6-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-52, FM 3-96, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 6-22.6.
unified action partners - Those military forces, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and
elements of the private sector with whom Army forces plan, coordinate, synchronize, and integrate during the conduct of operations. (ADRP 3-0)
unified command - (DOD) A command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander and
composed of significant assigned components of two or more Military Departments that is established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also called unified combatant command. (JP 1) See FM 3-57, ATP 4-43.
Unified Command Plan - (DOD) The document, approved by the President, that sets forth basic guidance to
all unified combatant commanders; establishes their missions, responsibilities, and force structure; delineates the general geographical area of responsibility for geographic combatant commanders; and specifies functional responsibilities for functional combatant commanders. Also called UCP. See also combatant command; combatant commander. (JP 1) See FM 3-53, ATP 3-27.5.
unified land operations - How the Army seizes, retains, and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a
position of relative advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution. (ADP 3-0)
unit - (DOD) Any military element whose structure is prescribed by competent authority, such as a table of
organization and equipment; specifically, part of an organization. (JP 3-33) See chapter 4 of this publication.
unit distribution - A method of distributing supplies by which the receiving unit is issued supplies in its own
area, with transportation furnished by the issuing agency. (FM 4-40)
unit historical officer - An individual, military or civilian, who is designated as the unit historian and is
responsible for military history activities. (ATP 1-20)
unit history - An informal narrative that covers the entire history of a specific unit, written in an easy-to-read
manner for the benefit of the Soldiers. (ATP 1-20)
unit line number - (DOD) A seven-character alphanumeric code that describes a unique increment of a unit
deployment, i.e., advance party, main body, equipment by sea and air, reception team, or trail party, in the time-phased force and deployment data. Also called ULN. (JP 3-35) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
unit movement data - (DOD) A unit equipment and/or supply listing containing corresponding transportability
data. Tailored unit movement data has been modified to reflect a specific movement requirement. Also
called UMD. (JP 3-35) See FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
unity of command - (DOD) The operation of all forces under a single responsible commander who has the
requisite authority to direct and employ those forces in pursuit of a common purpose. (JP 3-0) See ADP 6-0, FM 3-24.
unity of effort - (DOD) Coordination, and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the participants are
not necessarily part of the same command or organization, which is the product of successful unified action. (JP 1) See ADP 3-0, ADP 6-0, ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-28, ADRP 6-0, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 6-05, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 6-22.6.
Universal Time - (DOD) A measure of time that conforms, within a close approximation, to the mean diurnal
rotation of the Earth and serves as the basis of civil timekeeping. Also called ZULU time. (Formerly called Greenwich Mean Time.) (JP 5-0) See ATP 6-02.53.
unmanned aircraft - (DOD) An aircraft that does not carry a human operator and is capable of flight with or
without human remote control. Also called UA. (JP 3-30) See ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-60.2.
unmanned aircraft system - (DOD) That system whose components include the necessary equipment,
network, and personnel to control an unmanned aircraft. Also called UAS. (JP 3-30) See FM 3-16, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-04.64.
unplanned target - (DOD) A target of opportunity that is known to exist in the operational environment.
(JP 3-60) See ATP 3-60.1.
unexploded explosive ordnance - (DOD) Explosive ordnance which has been primed, fused, armed or
otherwise prepared for action, and which has been fired, dropped, launched, projected, or placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installations, personnel, or material and remains unexploded either by malfunction or design or for any other cause. Also called UXO. (JP 3-15) See ATP 4-32.
urban operations - Operations across the range of military operations planned and conducted on, or against
objectives on a topographical complex and its adjacent natural terrain, where man-made construction or the density of population are the dominant features. (ATP 3-06)
U.S. military prisoner - A person sentenced to confinement or death during a court-martial and ordered into
confinement by a competent authority, whether or not the convening authority has approved the sentence. (FM 3-39)

## V

validate - (DOD) Execution procedure used by combatant command components, supporting combatant
commanders, and providing organizations to confirm to the supported commander and United States Transportation Command that all the information records in a time-phased force and deployment data not only are error-free for automation purposes, but also accurately reflect the current status, attributes, and availability of units and requirements. (JP 5-0) See FM 4-01.
validation - (DOD) 1. A process associated with the collection and production of intelligence that confirms that
an intelligence collection or production requirement is sufficiently important to justify the dedication of intelligence resources, does not duplicate an existing requirement, and has not been previously satisfied. See ATP 3-60.1. 2. A part of target development that ensures all vetted targets meet the objectives and
criteria outlined in the commander's guidance and ensures compliance with the law of war and rules of
engagement. See ATP 3-60.1. 3. In computer modeling and simulation, the process of determining the degree to which a model or simulation is an accurate representation of the real world from the perspective of the intended uses of the model or simulation. See ATP 3-60.1. 4. Execution procedure whereby all the information records in a time-phased force and deployment data are confirmed error free and accurately reflect the current status, attributes, and availability of units and requirements. (JP 3-35) See ATP 3-35, ATP 3-60.1.
vehicle-borne improvised explosive device - (DOD) A device placed or fabricated in an improvised manner
on a vehicle incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals and designed to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract. Otherwise known as a car bomb. Also called VBIED. (JP 3-10) See ATP 3-18.14.
vehicle distance - The clearance between vehicles in a column which is measured from the rear of one vehicle
to the front of the following vehicle. (ATP 3-21.20) See also march column, march serial, **march unit**.
vertical interval - The difference in altitude between the unit or observer and the target or point of burst.
(ATP 3-09.50)
vetting - (DOD) A part of target development that assesses the accuracy of the supporting intelligence to
targeting. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1.
visual information - (DOD) Various visual media with or without sound. Generally, visual information
includes still and motion photography, audio video recording, graphic arts, visual aids, models, displays, and visual presentations. Also called VI. (JP 3-61) See FM 6-02, ATP 6-02.40.
Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement - (DOD) An agreement that provides the Department of Defense
with assured access to United States flag assets, both vessel capacity and intermodal systems, to meet Department of Defense contingency requirements. Also called VISA. (JP 4-01.2) See FM 4-01.
vulnerabilities - Characteristics, motives, or conditions of the target audience that can be used to influence
behavior. (FM 3-53)

## W

waiting area - A location on both banks (or sides) that are adjacent to the route or axis used for the
concealment of vehicles, troops, and equipment while an element is waiting to resume movement. (ATP 3-90.4)
warfighting function - A group of tasks and systems (people, organizations, information, and processes),
united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions and training objectives. (ADRP 3-0)
warning intelligence - (DOD) Those intelligence activities intended to detect and report time-sensitive
intelligence information on foreign developments that forewarn of hostile actions or intention against United States entities, partners, or interests. (JP 2-0) See ATP 2-22.82.
warning order - (DOD) 1. A preliminary notice of an order or action that is to follow. (FM 6-0) 2. A planning
directive that initiates the development and evaluation of military courses of action by a supported commander and requests that the supported commander submit a commander's estimate. 3. A planning
directive that describes the situation, allocates forces and resources, establishes command relationships, provides other initial planning guidance, and initiates subordinate unit mission planning. Also called WARNORD. (JP 5-0) See ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-57.60.
waste discharge - The accidental or intentional spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or
dumping of a hazardous waste into or onto any land or water. (ATP 3-34.5)
weaponeering - (DOD) The process of determining the quantity of a specific type of lethal or nonlethal means
required to create a desired effect on a given target. (JP 3-60) See FM 3-09, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-91.1.
weapon engagement zone - (DOD) In air defense, airspace of defined dimensions within which the
responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with a particular weapon system. Also called WEZ. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-06.1.
weapons control status - (DOD) An air defense control measure declared for a particular area and time by an
area air defense commander, or delegated subordinate commander, based on the rules of engagement
designed to establish the freedom for fighters and surface air defense weapons to engage threats. Also called WCS. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-01.7.
weapons of mass destruction - (DOD) Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons capable of a
high order of destruction or causing mass casualties and exclude the means of transporting or propelling the weapon where such means is a separable and divisible part from the weapon. Also called WMD. (JP 3-40) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-96, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 4-32, ATP 4-32.2.
weapons of mass destruction counterforce - Weapons of mass destruction counterforce is a tactical objective
to defeat the full range of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats before they can be employed as weapons. (FM 3-11)
weapons of mass destruction proliferation prevention - The employment of tactical level capabilities to
support operational and strategic nonproliferation objectives of combating weapons of mass destruction. (FM 3-11)
weapons technical intelligence - (DOD) A category of intelligence and processes derived from the technical
and forensic collection and exploitation of improvised explosive devices, associated components, improvised weapons, and other weapon systems. Also called WTI. (JP 3-15.1) See ATP 2-22.4, ATP 4-32.
wharf - (DOD) A structure built of open rather than solid construction along a shore or a bank that provides
cargo-handling facilities. (JP 4-01.5) See ATP 4-13.
wide area security - The application of the elements of combat power in unified action to protect populations,
forces, infrastructure, and activities; to deny the enemy positions of advantage; and to consolidate gains in order to retain the initiative. (ADP 3-0)
withdrawal operation - (DOD) A planned retrograde operation in which a force in contact disengages from an
enemy force and moves in a direction away from the enemy. (JP 3-17) See ADRP 3-90, FM 3-0,
FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-91.
working group - (Army) A grouping of predetermined staff representatives who meet to provide analysis,
coordinate, and provide recommendations for a particular purpose or function. (FM 6-0)
wreck train - A train specially configured and tailored to conduct wreck recovery operations. (ATP 4-14) wythe system - A steam and diesel-electric locomotive classification system that groups wheels and uses
numerals separated by hyphens to represent the number of wheels in each group. (ATP 4-14)

## X

X-hour - The unspecified time that commences unit notification for planning and deployment preparation in
support of potential contingency operations that do not involve rapid, short notice deployment. (FM 3-99)
X-hour sequence - An extended sequence of events initiated by X-hour that allow a unit to focus on planning
for a potential contingency operation, to include preparation for deployment. (FM 3-99).

## Z

zone of fire - (DOD) An area into which a designated ground unit or fire support ship delivers, or is prepared to
deliver, fire support. Fire may or may not be observed. Also called ZF. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-09.
zone reconnaissance - A form of reconnaissance that involves a directed effort to obtain detailed information
on all routes, obstacles, terrain, and enemy forces within a zone defined by boundaries. (ADRP 3-90)

## Chapter 2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, And Country Codes

This chapter presents acronyms, abbreviations, and geographical entity codes.

## Section I - Acronyms And Abbreviations

 This section (pages 2-1 through 2-22) lists selected Army and joint acronyms and abbreviations commonly used in Army doctrine.

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

A
AA
*assembly area, *avenue of approach
AADC
*area air defense commander
AADP
area air defense plan
AAFES
Army Air Force Exchange Service
AAMDC
Army Air and Missile Defense Command
AAP
Allied administrative publication
AAR
after action review
ABCA
American, British, Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand
ABCS
Army Battle Command System
ABCT
armored brigade combat team
ABN
airborne
AC
Active Component
ACA
*airspace control authority, *airspace coordination area
ACCE
*air component coordination element
ACH
advanced combat helmet
ACM
airspace coordinating measure
ACP
*airspace control plan
ACO
*administrative contracting officer, airspace control order
ACS
*airspace control system
ACSA
acquisition and cross-servicing agreement
ACT
*activity
ACU
Army combat uniform
AD3E
assess, decide, develop and detect, deliver, and evaluate
AD
*air defense
ADA
*air defense artillery
A/DACG
arrival/departure airfield control group
ADAM
air defense airspace management
ADL
*available-to-load date
ADP
Army doctrine publication
ADRP
Army doctrine reference publication
ADSI
air defense systems integrator
ADWC
*air defense warning condition

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| AE                                    | aeromedical evacuation                               |
|---------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| AEF                                   | American Expeditionary Forces                        |
| AEP                                   | allied engineering publication                       |
| AFATDS                                | Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System        |
| AER                                   | Army Emergency Relief                                |
| AFB                                   | Air Force base                                       |
| AFI                                   | Air Force instruction                                |
| AFMAN                                 | Air Force Manual                                     |
| AFSB                                  | Army field support brigade                           |
| AFTTP                                 | Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures        |
| AFWA                                  | Air Force Weather Agency                             |
| AG                                    | adjutant general                                     |
| AGL                                   | above ground level                                   |
| AGM                                   | *attack guidance matrix, air-to-ground missile       |
| AGO                                   | *air-ground operations                               |
| AGR                                   | ability group run                                    |
| AHS                                   | Army Health System                                   |
| AI                                    | assistant instructor                                 |
| AIS                                   | automated-information system                         |
| AIT                                   | Advance Individual Training                          |
| , automatic identification technology |                                                      |
| AJP                                   | allied joint publication                             |
| AKO                                   | Army Knowledge Online                                |
| ALE                                   | Army special operations forces liaison element       |
| ALO                                   | *air liaison officer                                 |
| ALSA                                  | Air Land Sea Application (Center)                    |
| ALT                                   | alternate                                            |
| AM                                    | amplitude modulation                                 |
| AMC                                   | *airborne mission coordinator, *Air Mobility Command |
| AMD                                   | air and missile defense                              |
| AMDWS                                 | air and missile defense workstation                  |
| ANDVT                                 | advanced narrowband digital voice terminal           |
| ANG                                   | Air National Guard                                   |
| ANGLICO                               | air-naval gunfire liaison company                    |
| ANW2                                  | Adaptive Networking Wideband Waveform                |
| AO                                    | area of operations                                   |
| AOA                                   | amphibious objective area                            |
| AOC                                   | air operations center                                |
| AOR                                   | *area of responsibility                              |
| AOI                                   | area of interest                                     |
| APC                                   | armored personnel carrier                            |
| APCO                                  | association of public safety communication officials |
| APEX                                  | *Adaptive Planning and Execution system              |
| APFT                                  | Army Physical Fitness Test                           |
| APKWS                                 | advance precision kill weapon system                 |
| APOD                                  | aerial port of debarkation                           |
| APOE                                  | aerial port of embarkation                           |
| APORT                                 | *aerial port                                         |

| APP                                                                     | allied procedural publication                                              |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| APS                                                                     | Army pre-positioned stocks                                                 |
| AR                                                                      | Army regulation                                                            |
| ARCENT                                                                  | United States Army Central Command                                         |
| ARFOR                                                                   | (Not used as an acronym in Army doctrine. See term in chapter 1.)          |
| ARFORGEN                                                                | Army force generation                                                      |
| ARNG                                                                    | Army National Guard                                                        |
| ARNGUS                                                                  | Army National Guard of the United States                                   |
| ARRB                                                                    | *Army requirements review board                                            |
| ARSOAC                                                                  | Army Special Operations Aviation Command                                   |
| ARSOF                                                                   | Army special operations forces                                             |
| ARSTRAT                                                                 | U.S. Army Forces Strategic Command                                         |
| ASA(ALT)                                                                | Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology |
| ASAS                                                                    | All Source Analysis System                                                 |
| ASC                                                                     | Army Sustainment Command                                                   |
| ASCC                                                                    | *Army Service component command                                            |
| ASCOPE                                                                  | areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events         |
| ASD (HD&ASA)                                                            |                                                                            |
| Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense and Americas' Security |                                                                            |
| Affairs)                                                                |                                                                            |
| ASI                                                                     | additional skill identifier                                                |
| ASOC                                                                    | *air support operations center                                             |
| ASP                                                                     | ammunition supply point                                                    |
| ASR                                                                     | *alternate supply route                                                    |
| AT                                                                      | *antiterrorism, antitank                                                   |
| ATACMS                                                                  | Army Tactical Missile System                                               |
| ATGM                                                                    | antitank guided missile                                                    |
| ATHP                                                                    | *ammunition transfer holding point                                         |
| ATN                                                                     | Army Training Network                                                      |
| ATO                                                                     | *air tasking order                                                         |
| ATP                                                                     | Army techniques publication                                                |
| ATS                                                                     | air traffic service                                                        |
| ATTP                                                                    | Army tactics, techniques, and procedures                                   |
| AUTL                                                                    | Army Universal Task List                                                   |
| AV                                                                      | *asset visibility                                                          |
| AWACS                                                                   | Airborne Warning and Control System                                        |
| AWCP                                                                    | Army Weight Control Program                                                |
| AWOL                                                                    | absent without leave                                                       |
| AXP                                                                     | *ambulance exchange point                                                  |

## B

| BAE    | brigade aviation element                  |
|--------|-------------------------------------------|
| BAH    | basic allowance for housing               |
| BAS    | basic allowance for subsistence           |
| BCS3   | Battle Command Sustainment Support System |
| BCD    | *battlefield coordination detachment      |
| BCOC   | *base cluster operations center           |
| BCT    | *brigade combat team                      |
| BDA    | *battle damage assessment                 |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| BDOC    | *base defense operations center    |
|---------|------------------------------------|
| BEI     | *biometrics enabled intelligence   |
| BFSB    | battlefield surveillance brigade   |
| BFT     | blue force tracking                |
| BHA     | bomb hit assessment                |
| BHL     | *battle handover line              |
| BHO     | battle handover                    |
| BI      | *battle injury                     |
| BKB     | *blue kill box                     |
| BLOS    | beyond line-of-sight               |
| BM      | *battle management                 |
| BMCT    | *begin morning civil twilight      |
| BMNT    | *begin morning nautical twilight   |
| BN      | battalion                          |
| BNML    | battalion military liaison         |
| BP      | battle position                    |
| BSA     | *brigade support area              |
| BSB     | brigade support battalion          |
| BZ      | *buffer zone                       |

## C

| C2                           | *command and control                                                                      |
|------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CA                           | *civil administration, *civil affairs, *combat assessment, *coordinating altitude         |
| CAAF                         | *contractors authorized to accompany the force                                            |
| CAB                          | combined arms battalion, combat aviation brigade                                          |
| CAC                          | Combined Arms Center                                                                      |
| , common access card         |                                                                                           |
| CADD                         | Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate                                                        |
| CAIS                         | *civil authority information support                                                      |
| CAO                          | casualty assistance officer                                                               |
| , civil affairs operations   |                                                                                           |
| CAISI                        | Combat Service Support Automated Information Systems Interface                            |
| CAL                          | *critical asset list                                                                      |
| CALL                         | Center for Army Lessons Learned                                                           |
| CAP                          | *crisis action planning, *civil augmentation program                                      |
| CAPT                         | civil affairs planning team                                                               |
| CARVER                       | criticality, accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability, effect, and recognizability [a |
| target assessment technique] |                                                                                           |
| CAS                          | close air support                                                                         |
| CASEVAC                      | *casualty evacuation                                                                      |
| CAT                          | category, civil affairs team                                                              |
| CATS                         | Combined Arms Training Strategy                                                           |
| CBRN                         | chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear                                           |
| CBRNE                        | chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosive                     |
| CCD                          | charged-coupled device                                                                    |
| CCDR                         | combatant commander                                                                       |
| CCIR                         | commander's critical information requirement                                              |
| CCMD                         | *combatant command                                                                        |
| CCO                          | *container control officer                                                                |
| CCP                          | casualty collection point                                                                 |

| CD                                  | chaplain detachment                                                             |
|-------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CDC                                 | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention                                      |
| CDE                                 | collateral damage estimation                                                    |
| CDRUSSOCOM                          | Commander, United States Special Operations Command                             |
| CED                                 | captured enemy document                                                         |
| *CEMA                               | cyberspace electromagnetic activities                                           |
| CERFP                               | chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives enhanced |
| response force package              |                                                                                 |
| CERP                                | Commanders' Emergency Response Program                                          |
| CF                                  | *conventional forces                                                            |
| CFL                                 | *coordinated fire line                                                          |
| CFR                                 | Code of Federal Regulations                                                     |
| CFZ                                 | critical friendly zone                                                          |
| CGS                                 | common ground station                                                           |
| Chem                                | chemical                                                                        |
| CI                                  | *counterintelligence                                                            |
| CIA                                 | Central Intelligence Agency                                                     |
| CID                                 |                                                                                 |
| *combat identification,             |                                                                                 |
| criminal investigation division     |                                                                                 |
| CIM                                 | *civil information management                                                   |
| CIO                                 | chief information officer                                                       |
| CJA                                 | command judge advocate                                                          |
| CJCS                                | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff                                           |
| CJCSI                               | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction                               |
| CJCSM                               | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual                                    |
| CJSOTF                              | combined joint special operations task force                                    |
| CJTF                                | combined joint task force (NATO)                                                |
| CLT                                 |                                                                                 |
| *civil liaison team,                |                                                                                 |
| casualty liaison team               |                                                                                 |
| CLS                                 | combat lifesaver                                                                |
| CM                                  | consequence management                                                          |
| CMD                                 | *command                                                                        |
| CME                                 |                                                                                 |
| *civil-military engagement          |                                                                                 |
| CMO                                 | civil-military operations                                                       |
| CMOC                                | *civil-military operations center                                               |
| CMSE                                | *civil-military support element                                                 |
| CO                                  | commanding officer, cyberspace operations                                       |
| COA                                 | *course of action                                                               |
| COCOM                               | *combatant command (command authority)                                          |
| COG                                 | *center of gravity                                                              |
| COIC                                | current operations integration cell                                             |
| COIN                                | *counterinsurgency                                                              |
| COLPRO                              | *collective protection                                                          |
| COLT                                |                                                                                 |
| *combat observation and lasing team |                                                                                 |
| COM                                 | *chief of mission, collection operations management                             |
| COMCAM                              | *combat camera                                                                  |
| COMINT                              | communications intelligence                                                     |
| COMNET                              | communications network                                                          |
| COMSEC                              | *communications security                                                        |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| CONOPS    | concept of operations                                                   |
|-----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CONPLAN   | *concept plan                                                           |
| CONUS     | continental United States                                               |
| COOP      | continuity of operations                                                |
| COP       | *common operational picture                                             |
| COR       | *contracting officer representative                                     |
| COS       | chief of staff                                                          |
| COSC      | combat and operational stress control                                   |
| COTS      | commercial off-the-shelf                                                |
| CP        | *checkpoint, *command post, *contact point, *counterproliferation       |
| CR        | *civil reconnaissance, *curve resistance                                |
| CRAF      | *Civil Reserve Air Fleet                                                |
| CRC       | control and reporting center                                            |
| CRSP      | centralized receiving and shipping point                                |
| CREW      | counter radio-controlled improvised explosive device electronic warfare |
| CRM       | collection requirements management                                      |
| CS        | *civil support, *call sign                                              |
| CSAR      | *combat search and rescue                                               |
| CSC       | convoy support center                                                   |
| CSM       | command sergeant major                                                  |
| CSPO      | *contracting support operations                                         |
| CSR       | *controlled supply rate                                                 |
| CSSB      | combat sustainment support battalion                                    |
| CT        | *counterterrorism                                                       |
| CTE       | *continuous tractive effort                                             |
| CTP       | *common tactical picture                                                |
| CWT       | *customer wait time                                                     |
| CUL       | *common user logistics                                                  |
| CULT      | *common-user land transportation                                        |
| CW        | *chemical warfare                                                       |
| CWMD      | *countering weapons of mass destruction                                 |

## D

| D3A    | decide, detect, deliver, and assess, direct action            |
|--------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| D3SOE  | *denied, degraded, or disrupted space operational environment |
| DA     | Department of the Army                                        |
| DAADC  | deputy area air defense commander                             |
| DAFL   | *directive authority for logistics                            |
| DAL    | *defended asset list                                          |
| DA Pam | Department of the Army pamphlet                               |
| DART   | disaster assistance response team                             |
| DASC   | *direct air support center                                    |
| DATT   | defense attache                                               |
| DBP    | *drawbar pull                                                 |
| DC     | *dislocated civilian                                          |
| DCA    | *defensive counterair                                         |
| DCE    | *defense coordinating element                                 |
| DCGS   | distributed common ground/surface system                      |

| DCGS-A                                         | Distributed Common Ground SystemArmy                                            |
|------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| DCO                                            | *defensive cyberspace operations, *defense coordinating officer                  |
| DCO-RA                                         | *defensive cyberspace operation response action                                  |
| DD                                             | Department of Defense form                                                       |
| DE                                             | *directed energy                                                                 |
| DEERS                                          | Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System                                  |
| DEPMEDS                                        | deployable medical systems                                                       |
| DFAC                                           | dining facility                                                                  |
| DFAS                                           | Defense Finance and Accounting Service                                           |
| DHHS                                           | Department of Health and Human Services                                          |
| DHS                                            | Department of Homeland Security                                                  |
| DIA                                            | Defense Intelligence Agency                                                      |
| DIB                                            | *defense industrial base                                                         |
| DIRLAUTH                                       | *direct liaison authorized                                                       |
| DISA                                           | Defense Information Systems Agency                                               |
| DISN                                           | *Defense Information Systems Network                                             |
| DLIC                                           | *detachment left in contact                                                      |
| DMC                                            | distribution management center                                                   |
| DNA                                            | deoxyribonucleic acid                                                            |
| DNBI                                           | *disease and nonbattle injury                                                    |
| DNI                                            | Director of National Intelligence                                                |
| DOD                                            | Department of Defense                                                            |
| DODD                                           | Department of Defense directive                                                  |
| DOR                                            | date of rank                                                                     |
| DOS                                            | Department of State                                                              |
| DOT                                            | Department of Transportation                                                     |
| DOTMLPF                                        | doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, |
| and facilities [the force development domains] |                                                                                  |
| DPICM                                          | dual purpose improved conventional munitions                                     |
| DRSN                                           | Defense Red Switched Network                                                     |
| DS                                             | *direct support                                                                  |
| DSCA                                           | *defense support of civil authorities                                            |
| DSM                                            | *decision support matrix                                                         |
| DST                                            | *decision support template                                                       |
| DT                                             | dynamic targeting                                                                |
| DTG                                            | date-time group                                                                  |
| DTMS                                           | Digital Training Management System                                               |
| DTS                                            | *Defense Transportation System                                                   |
| DSN                                            | Defense Switched Network                                                         |
| DVA                                            | Department of Veterans Affairs                                                   |
| DZ                                             | *drop zone                                                                       |

## E

EA
*engagement area, *electronic attack, *executive agent
EAB
echelons above brigade
EAD
*earliest arrival date
EAP
emergency action plan
EC
*enemy combatant

ECC
expeditionary contracting command
ECL
electrochemiluminescence
ECU
environmental control unit
EDT
*end delivery tonnage
EECT
*end evening civil twilight
EEFI
*essential element of friendly information
EENT
*end of evening nautical twilight
EEO
equal employment opportunity
ELINT
*electronic intelligence
EMAC
emergency management assistance compact
EMC
*electromagnetic compatibility
EMCON
*emission control
EMI
*electromagnetic interference
EMOE
*electromagnetic operational environment
EMP
*electromagnetic pulse
EMS
electromagnetic spectrum
EMSO
electromagnetic spectrum operations
EO
electro-optical, **equal opportunity**
EOC
*emergency operations center
EOD
*explosive ordnance disposal
EO-IR CM
*electro-optical-infrared countermeasure
EP
*electronic protection
EPA
*evasion plan of action
EPLO
*emergency preparedness liaison officer
EPLRS
enhanced position location and reporting system
EPW
enemy prisoner of war
ERP
*engineer regulating point
ES
*electronic warfare support
ESB
expeditionary signal battalion
ESC
expeditionary sustainment command
ESF
*emergency support function
EW
*early warning, *electronic warfare
EXORD
execute order

## F

| 1SG    | first sergeant                                       |
|--------|------------------------------------------------------|
| F3EAD  | find, fix, finish, exploit, analyze, and disseminate |
| FA     | *field artillery                                     |
| FAA    | Federal Aviation Administration (DOT)                |
| FAAD   | forward area air defense                             |
| FAC    | *forward air controller                              |
| FAC(A) | *forward air controller (airborne)                   |
| FAH    | final attack heading                                 |
| FARP   | *forward arming and refueling point                  |
| FBCB2  | Force XXI Battle Command, brigade and below          |
| FBI    | Federal Bureau of Investigation (DOJ)                |
| FCL    | *final coordination line                             |
| FDC    | *fire direction center                               |

| FDO     | *flexibility deterrent option                                         |
|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| FEBA    | *forward edge of the battle area                                      |
| FEMA    | Federal Emergency Management Agency                                   |
| FEZ     | *fighter engagement zone                                              |
| FFA     | *free fire area                                                       |
| FFIR    | *friendly force information requirement                               |
| FFT     | *friendly force tracking                                              |
| FHA     | *foreign humanitarian assistance                                      |
| FHP     | *force health protection                                              |
| FID     | *foreign internal defense                                             |
| FISINT  | *foreign instrumentation signals intelligence                         |
| FIST    | *fire support team                                                    |
| FLE     | *forward logistics element                                            |
| FLIR    | *forward looking infrared                                             |
| FLOT    | *forward line of own troops                                           |
| FM      | field manual, frequency modulation                                    |
| FMC     | financial management center, field medical card, full mission-capable |
| FMI     | field manual-interim                                                  |
| FMT     | field maintenance team                                                |
| FMS     | *foreign military sales                                               |
| FOB     | forward operating base                                                |
| FO      | *forward observer                                                     |
| FOO     | field ordering officer                                                |
| FORSCOM | United States Army Forces Command                                     |
| FOS     | *forward operating site                                               |
| FP      | *force protection                                                     |
| FPCON   | *force protection condition                                           |
| FPF     | *final protective fire                                                |
| FPL     | *final protective line                                                |
| FRAGORD | *fragmentary order                                                    |
| FS      | fire support                                                          |
| FSA     | *fire support area                                                    |
| FSC     | forward support company                                               |
| FSCC    | *fire support coordination center                                     |
| FSCL    | *fire support coordination line                                       |
| FSCM    | *fire support coordination measure                                    |
| FSCOORD | fire support coordinator                                              |
| FSO     | fire support officer                                                  |
| FSS     | *fire support station                                                 |
| FTX     | field training exercise                                               |

## G

| G-1   | assistant chief of staff, personnel                                          |
|-------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| G-2   | assistant chief of staff, intelligence                                       |
| G-2X  | counterintelligence and human intelligence staff officer for a general staff |
| G-3   | assistant chief of staff, operations                                         |
| G-4   | assistant chief of staff, logistics                                          |
| G-5   | assistant chief of staff, plans                                              |

| G-6                  | assistant chief of staff, signal                                |
|----------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| G-8                  | assistant chief of staff, financial management                  |
| G-9                  | assistant chief of staff, civil affairs operations              |
| GARS                 | Global Area Reference System                                    |
| GBI                  | *ground-based interceptor                                       |
| GBMD                 | *global ballistic missile defense                               |
| GCC                  | geographic combatant commander                                  |
| GCSS-A               | Global Command and Control System-Army                          |
| GCSSArmy            | Global Combat Support SystemArmy                               |
| GEOINT               | *geospatial intelligence                                        |
| GFM                  | *global force management                                        |
| GIG                  | Global Information Grid                                         |
| GI&S                 | *geospatial information and services                            |
| GMD                  | *ground based midcourse defense                                 |
| GMTI                 | ground moving target indicator                                  |
| GP                   | general purpose                                                 |
| GPS                  | *Global Positioning System                                      |
| GPW                  | Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War |
| GR                   | *grade resistance                                               |
| GS                   | *general support                                                |
| GSB                  | group support battalion                                         |
| GSR                  | general support-reinforcing                                     |
| GSSC                 | global satellite communications (SATCOM) support center         |
| GTL                  |                                                                 |
| *gross trailing load |                                                                 |
| , *gun-target line   |                                                                 |

## H

| HA     | humanitarian assistance                      |
|--------|----------------------------------------------|
| HACC   | *humanitarian assistance coordination center |
| HARM   | high-speed antiradiation missile             |
| HAZMAT | hazardous materials                          |
| HCA    | *humanitarian and civic assistance           |
| HCT    | human intelligence (HUMINT) collection team  |
| HD     | *homeland defense                            |
| HE     | high explosive                               |
| HEI    | high explosives incendiary                   |
| HEMTT  | heavy expanded mobile tactical truck         |
| HF     | high frequency                               |
| HHC    | headquarters and headquarters company        |
| HLZ    | helicopter landing zone                      |
| HM     | hazardous material                           |
| HMMWV  | high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle   |
| HN     | *host nation                                 |
| HNS    | *host nation support                         |
| HPT    | *high-payoff target                          |
| HPTL   | high-payoff target list                      |
| HR     | human resources                              |
| HRF    | homeland response force                      |
| HRP    | *high risk personnel                         |

| HQ     | headquarters                            |
|--------|-----------------------------------------|
| HQDA   | Headquarters, Department of the Army    |
| HRSC   | human resources sustainment center      |
| HS     | *homeland security                      |
| HSS    | *health service support                 |
| HUMINT | *human intelligence                     |
| HVAA   | *high value airborne asset (protection) |
| HVI    | high-value individual                   |
| HVT    | *high value target                      |
| HW     | *hazardous waste                        |

## I

| IAA                                          | *incident awareness and assessment                         |
|----------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
| IAMD                                         | *integrated air and missile defense                        |
| IAW                                          | in accordance with                                         |
| IBCT                                         | infantry brigade combat team                               |
| IBS                                          | integrated broadband system                                |
| IC                                           | intelligence community                                     |
| ICO                                          | installation contracting office                            |
| ICRC                                         | International Committee of the Red Cross                   |
| ICS                                          | *incident command system                                   |
| ID                                           | infantry division                                          |
| , *identification                            |                                                            |
| IDAD                                         | *internal defense and development                          |
| IDN                                          | initial distribution number                                |
| IDP                                          | *internally displaced person                               |
| IE                                           | information engagement                                     |
| IED                                          | *improvised explosive device                               |
| IEM                                          | installation emergency management                          |
| IFF                                          | identification, friend or foe                              |
| IGO                                          | *intergovernmental organization                            |
| IMCOM                                        | United States Army Installation Management Command         |
| IMET                                         | *international military education and training             |
| IMINT                                        | *imagery intelligence                                      |
| IMT                                          | initial military training                                  |
| INSCOM                                       | United States Army Intelligence and Security Command       |
| IO                                           | *information operations                                    |
| IP                                           | initial position                                           |
| IPB                                          |                                                            |
| *intelligence preparation of the battlefield |                                                            |
| , *intelligence preparation of the           |                                                            |
| battlespace                                  |                                                            |
| IPDS                                         | *inland petroleum distribution system                      |
| IPE                                          | *individual protective equipment                           |
| IPERMS                                       | Interactive Personnel Electronic Records Management System |
| IPFU                                         | individual physical fitness uniform                        |
| IPI                                          | *indigenous populations and institutions                   |
| IPOE                                         | intelligence preparation of the operational environment    |
| IR                                           | *information requirements, infrared                        |
| IRC                                          | internet relay chat, *information-related capability       |
| IRR                                          | Individual Ready Reserve                                   |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| ISB     | *intermediate staging base                      |
|---------|-------------------------------------------------|
| ISOPREP | *isolated personnel report                      |
| ISR     | *intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance |
| ITO     | installation transportation officer             |
| ITV     | *in transit visibility                          |
| IW      | *irregular warfare                              |

## J

| J-2      | intelligence directorate of a joint staff                         |
|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| J-3      | operations directorate of a joint staff                           |
| J-4      | logistics directorate of a joint staff                            |
| J-5      | plans directorate of a joint staff                                |
| J-6      | communications system directorate of a joint staff                |
| JAAT     | *joint air attack team                                            |
| JACCE    | joint air component coordination element                          |
| JAG      | judge advocate general                                            |
| JAGIC    | *joint air-ground integration center                              |
| JAOC     | *joint air operations center                                      |
| JCET     | *joint combined exchange training                                 |
| JCMOTF   | joint civil-military operations task force                        |
| JCS      | Joint Chiefs of Staff                                             |
| JDAM     | Joint Direct Attack Munition                                      |
| JDDE     | *joint deployment and distribution enterprise                     |
| JDDOC    | *joint deployment and distribution operations center              |
| JEZ      | *joint engagement zone                                            |
| JFACC    | *joint force air component commander                              |
| JFC      | *joint force commander                                            |
| JFCC-IMD | Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense |
| JFE      | *joint fires element                                              |
| JFLCC    | *joint force land component commander                             |
| JFMCC    | *joint force maritime component commander                         |
| JFO      | *joint field office, joint fires observer                         |
| JFSOCC   | *joint force special operations component commander               |
| JIC      | joint information center                                          |
| JIIM     | joint, interagency, intergovernmental, multinational              |
| JIPOE    | *joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment    |
| JIPTL    | *joint integrated prioritized target list                         |
| JLOTS    | *joint logistics over the shore                                   |
| JOA      | *joint operations area                                            |
| JOC      | joint operations center                                           |
| JOPES    | Joint Operation Planning and Execution System                     |
| JOPP     | *joint operation planning process                                 |
| JP       | joint publication                                                 |
| JPRC     | *joint personnel recovery center                                  |
| JRSOI    | *joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration       |
| JSCP     | Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan                                 |
| JSOA     | *joint special operations area                                    |
| JSOACC   | *joint special operations air component commander                 |

| JSOTF                      | *joint special operations task force               |
|----------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|
| JSTARS                     | Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System      |
| JTAC                       | *joint terminal attack controller                  |
| JTCB                       | *joint targeting coordination board                |
| JTF                        | *joint task force                                  |
| JTIDS                      | Joint Tactical Information Distribution System     |
| JTT                        | joint tactical terminal                            |
| JWICS                      | Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System |
| K                        |                                                    |
| KBC                        | *kill box coordinator                              |
| KIA                        | killed in action                                   |
| L                        |                                                    |
| LAD                        | *latest arrival date                               |
| LAN                        | local area network                                 |
| LGB                        | laser-guided bomb                                  |
| LD                         | *line of departure                                 |
| LNO                        | liaison officer                                    |
| LOA                        | *limit of advance                                  |
| , *letter of authorization |                                                    |
| LOC                        | *line of communications                            |
| LOE                        | *line of effort                                    |
| LOGCAP                     | logistics civil augmentation program               |
| LOGPAC                     | *logistics package                                 |
| LOGSA                      | logistics support activity                         |
| LOO                        | *line of operation                                 |
| LOS                        | line of sight                                      |
| LOTS                       | *logistics over-the-shore                          |
| LTIOV                      | latest time information is of value                |
| LZ                         | *landing zone                                      |

## M

| MACCS    | *Marine air command and control system       |
|----------|----------------------------------------------|
| MAGTF    | Marine air-ground task force                 |
| MAP      | *Military Assistance Program                 |
| MARO     | *mass atrocity response operations           |
| MASCAL   | *mass casualty                               |
| MASINT   | *measurement and signature intelligence      |
| MBA      | *main battle area                            |
| MCA      | *military civic action                       |
| MCOO     | *modified combined obstacle overlay          |
| MCPP     | Marine Corps Planning Process (Marine Corps) |
| MCRP     | Marine Corps reference publication           |
| MCS      | maneuver control system                      |
| MCT      | *movement control team                       |
| MCWP     | Marine Corps warfighting publication         |
| MDMP     | *military decisionmaking process             |
| MEB      | maneuver enhancement brigade                 |
| MEDEVAC  | medical evacuation                           |

| MEF                                                            | Marine expeditionary force                                                       |
|----------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| MET                                                            | mission-essential task                                                           |
| METL                                                           | *mission-essential task list                                                     |
| METT-T                                                         | mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available-time available |
| METT-TC                                                        | mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time          |
| available, and civil considerations [mission variables] (Army) |                                                                                  |
| MGRS                                                           | military grid reference system                                                   |
| MHE                                                            | materials handling equipment                                                     |
| MHQ                                                            | *music headquarters                                                              |
| MI                                                             | military intelligence                                                            |
| MIA                                                            | missing in action                                                                |
| MIDS                                                           | Multifunction Information Distribution System                                    |
| MILCON                                                         | military construction                                                            |
| MILDEC                                                         | *military deception                                                              |
| MIL STD                                                        | military standard                                                                |
| MIS                                                            | military information support                                                     |
| MISG                                                           | military information support group                                               |
| MISO                                                           | *military information support operations                                         |
| MISOC                                                          | military information support operations command                                  |
| MLC                                                            | military load classification                                                     |
| MLRS                                                           | multiple launch rocket system                                                    |
| MMT                                                            | military mail terminal                                                           |
| MNL                                                            | *multinational logistics                                                         |
| MOA                                                            | memorandum of agreement                                                          |
| MOB                                                            | *mobilization                                                                    |
| MOE                                                            | *measure of effectiveness                                                        |
| MOP                                                            | *measure of performance                                                          |
| MOPP                                                           | *mission oriented protective posture                                             |
| MOS                                                            | military occupational specialty                                                  |
| MOU                                                            | memorandum of understanding                                                      |
| MP                                                             | military police                                                                  |
| MPA                                                            | Military Personnel, Army                                                         |
| MPD                                                            | *music performance detachment                                                    |
| MPT                                                            | *music performance team                                                          |
| MPU                                                            | *music performance unit                                                          |
| MRE                                                            | meal, ready to eat                                                               |
| MRL                                                            | multiple rocket launcher                                                         |
| MSC                                                            | *Military Sealift Command                                                        |
| MSE                                                            | mobile subscriber equipment                                                      |
| MSF                                                            | *mobile security force                                                           |
| MSI                                                            | *multispectral imagery                                                           |
| MSL                                                            | mean sea level                                                                   |
| MSR                                                            | *main supply route                                                               |
| MST                                                            | maintenance support team                                                         |
| MTF                                                            | medical treatment facility                                                       |
| MTOE                                                           | modified table of organization and equipment                                     |
| MTON                                                           | *measurement ton                                                                 |

| MTS    | Movement Tracking System                          |
|--------|---------------------------------------------------|
| MTT    | *mobile training team                             |
| MTTP   | multi-Service tactics, techniques, and procedures |
| MUM-T  | *manned unmanned teaming                          |
| MWR    | morale, welfare, and recreation                   |

## N

| NAI                                                     | *named area of interest                                                      |
|---------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| NAR                                                     | *nonconventional assisted recovery                                           |
| NARP                                                    | Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures                                  |
| NATO                                                    | North Atlantic Treaty Organization                                           |
| NBC                                                     | nuclear, biological, and chemical                                            |
| NCO                                                     | noncommissioned officer                                                      |
| NCOIC                                                   | noncommissioned officer in charge                                            |
| NDS                                                     | *national defense strategy                                                   |
| NDT                                                     | Net-division tonnage                                                         |
| NEO                                                     | *noncombatant evacuation operations                                          |
| NETOPS                                                  | *network operations                                                          |
| NFA                                                     | no fire area                                                                 |
| NGA                                                     | National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency                                      |
| NGIC                                                    | National Ground Intelligence Center                                          |
| NGO                                                     | *nongovernmental organization                                                |
| NIMS                                                    | *National Incident Management System                                         |
| NIPRNET                                                 | Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router Network                                   |
| NIST                                                    | national intelligence support team                                           |
| NLT                                                     | not later than                                                               |
| NMS                                                     | *national military strategy                                                  |
| NORAD                                                   | North American Aerospace Defense Command                                     |
| NRF                                                     | National Response Framework                                                  |
| NSA                                                     | National Security Agency                                                     |
| NSC                                                     | National Security Council                                                    |
| NSFS                                                    | *naval surface fire support                                                  |
| NSL                                                     | *no strike list                                                              |
| NSN                                                     | national stock number                                                        |
| NSS                                                     | *national security strategy                                                  |
| NSSE                                                    | *national special security event                                             |
| NTC                                                     | National Training Center                                                     |
| NTL                                                     | NTTP                                                                         |
| *net trainload                                          | Navy tactics, techniques, and procedures                                     |
| NVD                                                     | *night vision device                                                         |
| NVG                                                     | *night vision goggle or goggles                                              |
| NWDC                                                    | Navy Warfare Development Command                                             |
| NWP                                                     | Navy warfare publication                                                     |
| O                                                     |                                                                              |
| O&M                                                     | operation and maintenance                                                    |
| OA                                                      | *objective area, *operational area                                           |
| OAKOC                                                   | observation and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key terrain, obstacles, |
| and cover and concealment [military aspects of terrain] |                                                                              |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| OB        | order of battle                                |
|-----------|------------------------------------------------|
| OCA       | *offensive counterair                          |
| OCO       | *offensive cyberspace operations               |
| OCONUS    | outside the continental United States          |
| OCS       | *operational contract support                  |
| OE        | *operational environment                       |
| OGA       | other government agency                        |
| OHDACA    | Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid |
| OIC       | officer in charge                              |
| OMA       | Operations and Maintenance, Army               |
| OP        | observation post                               |
| OPCON     | *operational control                           |
| OPDS      | *offshore petroleum discharge system           |
| OPIR      | *overhead persistent infrared                  |
| OPLAN     | *operation plan                                |
| OPNAVINST | Chief of Naval Operations instruction          |
| OPORD     | *operation order                               |
| OPSEC     | *operations security                           |
| OPTEMPO   | operating tempo                                |
| ORSA      | operations research and systems analysis       |
| OSD       | Office of the Secretary of Defense             |
| OSHA      | Occupational Safety and Health Administration  |
| OSINT     | *open source intelligence                      |
| OSUT      | one station unit training                      |

## P

PA
*public affairs, personnel accountability
PAA
*position area for artillery
PAO
public affairs officer
PB
*peace building
PBO
property book officer
PCC
precombat check
PCI
precombat inspection
PCS
permanent change of station
PDSS
predeployment site survey
PE
*preparation of the environment
PFC
private first class
PGM
*precision-guided munition
PID
positive identification
PIR
priority intelligence requirement
PKI
*public key infrastructure
PL
phase line
PLD
*probable line of deployment
PLT
platoon
PM
project manager
PMCS
preventive maintenance checks and services
PMESII-PT
political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, and time [operational variables]

| PN                      | *partner nation                 |
|-------------------------|---------------------------------|
| PO                      |                                 |
| psychological objective |                                 |
| , *peace operations     |                                 |
| POC                     | point of contact                |
| POD                     | *port of debarkation            |
| POE                     | *port of embarkation            |
| POL                     | petroleum, oils, and lubricants |
| PPD                     | purified protein derivative     |
| PPE                     | *personal protective equipment  |
| PPO                     | project purchasing officer      |
| PR                      | personnel recovery              |
| proword                 | *procedure word                 |
| PRT                     | provincial reconstruction team  |
| PSA                     | *port support activity          |
| PVNTMED                 | preventive medicine             |
| PWS                     | *performance work statement     |
| PZ                      | pickup zone                     |

## Q

| QA    | quality assurance    |
|-------|----------------------|
| QC    | quality control      |
| QRF   | quick reaction force |

## R

| R                         | reinforcing                                                           |
|---------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| R&S                       | reconnaissance and surveillance                                       |
| RADC                      | *regional air defense commander                                       |
| RC                        | Reserve Component                                                     |
| RCA                       | *riot control agent                                                   |
| RCT                       | regimental combat team                                                |
| RDD                       | *radiological dispersal device,*required delivery date                |
| RDSP                      | rapid decisionmaking and synchronization process                      |
| RED                       | *radiological exposure device                                         |
| RECON                     | *reconnaissance                                                       |
| RED HORSE                 | *Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineer |
| RF                        | radio frequency                                                       |
| RFA                       | request for assistance, *restrictive fire area                        |
| RF CM                     | *radio frequency countermeasures                                      |
| RFF                       | request for forces                                                    |
| RFI                       | *request for information                                              |
| RFL                       | restrictive fire line                                                 |
| RLD                       | *ready-to-load date                                                   |
| RM                        | risk management                                                       |
| ROE                       | *rules of engagement                                                  |
| ROZ                       | *restricted operations zone                                           |
| RP                        |                                                                       |
| *release point,           |                                                                       |
| red phosphorus            |                                                                       |
| RPG                       | rocket propelled grenade                                              |
| RR                        |                                                                       |
| *reattack recommendation, |                                                                       |
| *rolling resistance       |                                                                       |
| RS                        | religious support                                                     |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| RSO    | reception, staging, and onward movement              |
|--------|------------------------------------------------------|
| RSOI   | reception, staging, onward movement, and integration |
| RTL    | *restricted target list                              |
| RUF    | rules for the use of force                           |

## S

| S-1                          | battalion or brigade personnel staff officer                                  |
|------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| S-2                          | battalion or brigade intelligence staff officer                               |
| S-2X                         | battalion or brigade counterintelligence and human intelligence staff officer |
| S-3                          | battalion or brigade operations staff officer                                 |
| S-4                          | battalion or brigade logistics staff officer                                  |
| S-5                          | battalion or brigade plans staff officer                                      |
| S-6                          | battalion or brigade signal staff officer                                     |
| S-9                          | battalion or brigade civil affairs operations staff officer                   |
| SA                           | *security assistance, situational awareness, *staging area                    |
| SAA                          | satellite access authorization                                                |
| , *senior airfield authority |                                                                               |
| SACC                         | *supporting arms coordination center                                          |
| SADC                         | *sector air defense commander                                                 |
| SALT                         | size, activity, location, time                                                |
| SALUTE                       | size, activity, location, unit, time, and equipment                           |
| SAM                          | surface-to-air missile                                                        |
| SAMS-E                       | standard Army maintenance system-enhanced                                     |
| SAR                          | search and rescue, synthetic aperture radar                                   |
| SARDOT                       | *search and rescue point                                                      |
| SARSS                        | Standard Army Retail Supply System                                            |
| SATCOM                       | satellite communications                                                      |
| S&TI                         | *scientific and technical intelligence                                        |
| SB (SO) (A)                  | sustainment brigade (special operations) (airborne)                           |
| SBCT                         | Stryker brigade combat team                                                   |
| SC                           | *security cooperation, *strategic communication                               |
| SCA                          | *space coordinating authority                                                 |
| SCAR                         | *strike coordination and reconnaissance                                       |
| SCI                          | sensitive compartmented information                                           |
| SCO                          | *security cooperation organization                                            |
| SDDC                         | Surface Deployment and Distribution Command                                   |
| SE                           | *site exploitation                                                            |
| SEAD                         | *suppression of enemy air defenses                                            |
| SecDef                       | Secretary of Defense                                                          |
| SERE                         | survival, evasion, resistance, and escape                                     |
| SF                           | *special forces                                                               |
| SFA                          | security force assistance                                                     |
| SGT                          | sergeant                                                                      |
| SGM                          | sergeant major                                                                |
| SHF                          | super-high frequency                                                          |
| SIF                          | selective identification feature                                              |
| SIGACT                       | significant activity                                                          |
| SIGINT                       | *signals intelligence                                                         |
| SINCGARS                     | single-channel ground and airborne radio system                               |

| SIPRNET        | *SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network                             |
|----------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| SIR            | specific information requirement                                     |
| SITREP         | situation report                                                     |
| SJA            | staff judge advocate                                                 |
| SME            | subject matter expert                                                |
| SMO            | *Spectrum Management Operations                                      |
| SO             | *special operations                                                  |
| SOCCE          | *special operations command and control element                      |
| SOF            | *special operations forces                                           |
| SOFA           | *status-of-forces agreement                                          |
| SOI            | signal operating instructions                                        |
| SOLE           | *special operations liaison element                                  |
| SOP            | *standard operating procedure                                        |
| SOR            | statement of requirement                                             |
| SP             | *start point                                                         |
| SPINS          | special instructions                                                 |
| SPM            | *single port manager                                                 |
| SPO            | support operations                                                   |
| SPOD           | seaport of debarkation                                               |
| SPOE           | seaport of embarkation                                               |
| SPOTREP        | *spot report                                                         |
| SR             | *special reconnaissance                                              |
| SROE           | standing rules of engagement                                         |
| SRP            | Soldier readiness processing                                         |
| SRUF           | standing rules for the use of force                                  |
| SSA            | *supply support activity                                             |
| SSR            | *security sector reform                                              |
| STANAG         | standardization agreement                                            |
| STB            | special troops battalion                                             |
| STE            | secure telephone equipment, *starting tractive effort                |
| STT            | *special tactics team                                                |
| SWEAT-MSO      | sewage, water, electricity, academics, trash, medical, safety, other |
| considerations |                                                                      |
| SWO            | staff weather officer                                                |

## T

| TA     | *target acquisition, target audience, *threat assessment                   |
|--------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| TAA    | *tactical assembly area                                                    |
| TAC    | tactical command post (graphics), tactical (graphics)                      |
| TAC(A) | *tactical air coordinator (airborne)                                       |
| TACC   | *tactical air command center (Marine), *tactical air control center (Navy) |
| TACLAN | tactical local area network                                                |
| TACON  | *tactical control                                                          |
| TACP   | *tactical air control party                                                |
| TACS   | theater air control system                                                 |
| TAI    | *target area of interest                                                   |
| TAMD   | theater air and missile defense                                            |
| TB MED | technical bulletin (medical)                                               |

| TBM        | theater ballistic missile                                                 |
|------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| TC         | training circular                                                         |
| TC-AIMS II | Transportation Coordinator's Automated Information for Movement System II |
| TCC        | *transportation component command                                         |
| TCF        | *tactical combat force                                                    |
| TD         | *train density                                                            |
| TDA        | Table of Distribution and Allowance                                       |
| TDY        | temporary duty                                                            |
| T&EO       | *training and evaluation outline                                          |
| TECHINT    | *technical intelligence                                                   |
| TEMPER     | tent extendible modular personnel                                         |
| TES        | *theater event system                                                     |
| TF         | task force                                                                |
| TG         | technical guide                                                           |
| TGO        | *terminal guidance operations                                             |
| THAAD      | terminal high altitude area defense                                       |
| TIB        | *toxic industrial biological                                              |
| TIC        | *toxic industrial chemical                                                |
| TIM        | *toxic industrial material                                                |
| TIP        | target intelligence package                                               |
| TJAG       | the judge advocate general                                                |
| TLE        | *target location error                                                    |
| TLP        | troop leading procedures                                                  |
| TM         | technical manual                                                          |
| TMD        | theater missile defense                                                   |
| TO         | *theater of operations                                                    |
| TO&E       | table of organization and equipment                                       |
| TOF        | time of flight                                                            |
| TOW        | tube launched, optically tracked, wire guided                             |
| TPFDD      | *time-phased force and deployment data                                    |
| TPFDL      | *time-phased force and deployment list                                    |
| TQ         | *tactical questioning                                                     |
| TRADOC     | United States Army Training and Doctrine Command                          |
| TRO        | *training and readiness oversight                                         |
| TRP        | target reference point                                                    |
| TSC        | theater sustainment command                                               |
| TSCP       | theater security cooperation plan                                         |
| TSOC       | *theater special operations command                                       |
| TST        | *time sensitive target                                                    |
| TTP        | tactics, techniques, and procedures                                       |

## U

| UA    | *unmanned aircraft                                  |
|-------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| UAR   | *unconventional assisted recovery                   |
| UARCC | *unconventional assisted recovery coordination cell |
| UAS   | *unmanned aircraft system                           |
| UCMJ  | Uniform Code of Military Justice                    |
| UCP   | *Unified Command Plan                               |

| UGR        | unitized group ration                                     |
|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| UH         | utility helicopter                                        |
| UIC        | unit identification code                                  |
| ULN        | *unit line number                                         |
| UMD        | *unit movement data                                       |
| UMT        | unit ministry team                                        |
| U.S.       | United States                                             |
| USA        | United States Army                                        |
| USACE      | United States Army Corps of Engineers                     |
| USAF       | United States Air Force                                   |
| USAID      | United States Agency for International Development        |
| USAJFKSWC  | United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center |
| USAMC      | United States Army Materiel Command                       |
| USAMEDCOM  | United States Army Medical Command                        |
| USAPHC     | United States Army Public Health Command                  |
| USAR       | United States Army Reserve                                |
| USASOC     | United States Army Special Operations Command             |
| USC        | United States Code                                        |
| USCENTCOM  | United States Central Command                             |
| USCG       | United States Coast Guard                                 |
| USEUCOM    | United States European Command                            |
| USG        | United States Government                                  |
| USMC       | United States Marine Corps                                |
| USMTF      | United States message text format                         |
| USN        | United States Navy                                        |
| USNORTHCOM | United States Northern Command                            |
| USPACOM    | United States Pacific Command                             |
| USSOCOM    | United States Special Operations Command                  |
| USSOUTHCOM | United States Southern Command                            |
| USSTRATCOM | United States Strategic Command                           |
| USTRANSCOM | United States Transportation Command                      |
| UTM        | universal transverse Mercator                             |
| UTP        | unit training plan                                        |
| UW         | *unconventional warfare                                   |
| UXO        | *unexploded explosive ordnance                            |

## V

| VBIED    | *vehicle-borne improvised explosive device   |
|----------|----------------------------------------------|
| VI       | *visual information                          |
| VISA     | *Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement      |
| VoIP     | voice over internet protocol                 |
| VRC      | vehicle radio communication                  |
| VSAT     | very small aperture terminal                 |
| VT       | variable time                                |
| VTC      | video teleconference                         |

## W

WAN
wide-area network

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| WARM    | wartime reserve modes           |
|---------|---------------------------------|
| WARNORD | *warning order                  |
| WCS     | *weapons control status         |
| WEZ     | *weapon engagement zone         |
| WMD     | *weapons of mass destruction    |
| WP      | white phosphorous               |
| WPS     | Worldwide Port System           |
| WTBD    | warrior tasks and battle drills |
| WTI     | *weapons technical intelligence |
| X     |                                 |
| XO      | executive officer               |
| Z     |                                 |
| ZF      | *zone of fire                   |

## Section Ii - Geographical Entity Codes

 On 19 February 2004, NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 1059 (Edition 8), Letter Codes for Geographical Entities, was promulgated. The aim of this agreement is to provide unique three letter codes for use within NATO to distinguish geographical entities. However, due to implementation difficulties, a 28 January 2005 memorandum from the NATO Standardization Agency declared that until STANAG 1059 could be fully implemented, the two letter code would be used for the technical automated information system domain, while in all other (nontechnical) administrative areas, the three letter code would be used. The list on pages 2-22 through 2-27 provides both the two letter and three letter codes.

| Geographical entity    | Two-letter code    | Three-letter code    |
|------------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| A                    |                    |                      |
| Afghanistan            | AF                 | AFG                  |
| Albania                | AL                 | ALB                  |
| Algeria                | DZ                 | DZA                  |
| American Samoa         | AS                 | ASM                  |
| Andorra                | AD                 | AND                  |
| Angola                 | AO                 | AGO                  |
| Anguilla               | AI                 | AIA                  |
| Antarctica             | AQ                 | ATA                  |
| Antigua and Barbuda    | AG                 | ATG                  |
| Argentina              | AR                 | ARG                  |
| Armenia                | AM                 | ARM                  |
| Aruba                  | AW                 | ABW                  |
| Australia              | AU                 | AUS                  |
| Austria                | AT                 | AUT                  |
| Azerbaijan             | AZ                 | AZE                  |
| B                    |                    |                      |
| Bahamas                | BS                 | BHS                  |
| Bahrain                | BH                 | BHR                  |
| Bangladesh             | BD                 | BGD                  |
| Barbados               | BB                 | BRB                  |
| Belarus                | BY                 | BLR                  |
| Belize                 | BZ                 | BLZ                  |
| Belgium                | BE                 | BEL                  |
| Geographical entity                   | Two-letter code    | Three-letter code    |
|---------------------------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| Benin                                 | BJ                 | BEN                  |
| Bermuda                               | BM                 | BMU                  |
| Bhutan                                | BT                 | BTN                  |
| Bolivia                               | BO                 | BOL                  |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina                | BA                 | BIH                  |
| Botswana                              | BW                 | BWA                  |
| Bouvet Island                         | BV                 | BVT                  |
| Brazil                                | BR                 | BRA                  |
| British Indian Ocean Territory        | IO                 | IOT                  |
| Brunei Darussalam                     | BN                 | BRN                  |
| Bulgaria                              | BG                 | BGR                  |
| Burkina Faso                          | BF                 | BFA                  |
| Burundi                               | BI                 | BDI                  |
| C                                   |                    |                      |
| Cambodia                              | KH                 | KHM                  |
| Cameroon                              | CM                 | CMR                  |
| Canada                                | CA                 | CAN                  |
| Cape Verde                            | CV                 | CPV                  |
| Cayman Islands                        | KY                 | CYM                  |
| Central African Republic              | CF                 | CAF                  |
| Chad                                  | TD                 | TCD                  |
| Chile                                 | CL                 | CHL                  |
| China                                 | CN                 | CHN                  |
| Christmas Island                      | CX                 | CXR                  |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands               | CC                 | CCK                  |
| Colombia                              | CO                 | COL                  |
| Comoros                               | KM                 | COM                  |
| Congo                                 | CG                 | COG                  |
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | CD                 | COD                  |
| Cook Islands                          | CK                 | COK                  |
| Costa Rica                            | CR                 | CRI                  |
| Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)           | CI                 | CIV                  |
| Croatia (Hrvatska)                    | HR                 | HRV                  |
| Cuba                                  | CU                 | CUB                  |
| Cypress                               | CY                 | CYP                  |
| Czech Republic                        | CZ                 | CZE                  |
| D                                   |                    |                      |
| Denmark                               | DK                 | DNK                  |
| Djibouti                              | DJ                 | DJI                  |
| Dominica                              | DM                 | DMA                  |
| Dominican Republic                    | DO                 | DOM                  |
| E                                   |                    |                      |
| Ecuador                               | EC                 | ECU                  |
| El Salvador                           | SV                 | SLV                  |
| Egypt                                 | EG                 | EGY                  |
| Equatorial Guinea                     | GQ                 | GNQ                  |
| Eritrea                               | ER                 | ERI                  |
| Estonia                               | EE                 | EST                  |
| Ethiopia                              | ET                 | ETH                  |
| F                                   |                    |                      |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas)           | FK                 | FLK                  |
| Faroe Islands                         | FO                 | FRO                  |
| Fiji                                  | FJ                 | FJI                  |
| Geographical entity                    | Two-letter code    | Three-letter code    |
|----------------------------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| Finland                                | FI                 | FIN                  |
| France                                 | FR                 | FRA                  |
| French Guiana                          | GF                 | GUF                  |
| French Polynesia                       | PF                 | PYF                  |
| French Southern Territories            | TF                 | ATF                  |
| G                                    |                    |                      |
| Gabon                                  | GA                 | GAB                  |
| Gambia                                 | GM                 | GMB                  |
| Georgia                                | GE                 | GEO                  |
| Germany                                | DE                 | DEU                  |
| Ghana                                  | GH                 | GHA                  |
| Gibraltar                              | GI                 | GIB                  |
| Greece                                 | GR                 | GRC                  |
| Greenland                              | GL                 | GRL                  |
| Grenada                                | GD                 | GRD                  |
| Guadaloupe                             | GP                 | GLP                  |
| Guam                                   | GU                 | GUM                  |
| Guatamala                              | GT                 | GTM                  |
| Guinea                                 | GN                 | GIN                  |
| GuineaBissau                          | GW                 | GNB                  |
| Guyana                                 | GY                 | GUY                  |
| H                                    |                    |                      |
| Haiti                                  | HT                 | HTI                  |
| Heard Island and McDonald Islands      | HM                 | HMD                  |
| Holy See (Vatican City State)          | VA                 | VAT                  |
| Honduras                               | HN                 | HND                  |
| Hong Kong                              | HK                 | HKG                  |
| Hungary                                | HU                 | HUN                  |
| I                                    |                    |                      |
| Iceland                                | IS                 | ISL                  |
| India                                  | IN                 | IND                  |
| Indonesia                              | ID                 | IDN                  |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of              | IR                 | IRN                  |
| Iraq                                   | IQ                 | IRQ                  |
| Ireland                                | IE                 | IRL                  |
| Israel                                 | IL                 | ISL                  |
| Italy                                  | IT                 | ITA                  |
| J                                    |                    |                      |
| Jamaica                                | JM                 | JAM                  |
| Japan                                  | JP                 | JPN                  |
| Jordan                                 | JO                 | JOR                  |
| K                                    |                    |                      |
| Kazakhstan                             | KZ                 | KAZ                  |
| Kenya                                  | KE                 | KEN                  |
| Kiribati                               | KI                 | KIR                  |
| Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | KP                 | PRK                  |
| Korea, Republic of                     | KR                 | KOR                  |
| Kuwait                                 | KW                 | KWT                  |
| Kyrgyzstan                             | KG                 | KGZ                  |
| L                                    |                    |                      |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic       | LA                 | LAO                  |
| Latvia                                 | LV                 | LVA                  |
| Geographical entity             | Two-letter code    | Three-letter code    |
|---------------------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| Lebanon                         | LB                 | LBN                  |
| Lesotho                         | LS                 | LSO                  |
| Liberia                         | LR                 | LBR                  |
| Libyan                          | LY                 | LBY                  |
| Liechtenstein                   | LI                 | LIE                  |
| Lithuania                       | LT                 | LTU                  |
| Luxembourg                      | LU                 | LUX                  |
| M                             |                    |                      |
| Macao                           | MO                 | MAC                  |
| Madagascar                      | MD                 | MDG                  |
| Malawi                          | MW                 | MWI                  |
| Malaysia                        | MY                 | MYS                  |
| Maldives                        | MV                 | MDV                  |
| Mali                            | ML                 | MLI                  |
| Malta                           | MT                 | MLT                  |
| Martinique                      | MQ                 | MTQ                  |
| Mauritania                      | MR                 | MRT                  |
| Mauritius                       | MU                 | MUS                  |
| Mexico                          | MX                 | MEX                  |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | FM                 | FSM                  |
| Moldova, Republic of            | MD                 | MDA                  |
| Monoco                          | MC                 | MCO                  |
| Mongolia                        | MN                 | MNG                  |
| Montserrat                      | MS                 | MSR                  |
| Morocco                         | MA                 | MAR                  |
| Mozambique                      | MZ                 | MOZ                  |
| Myanmar                         | MM                 | MMR                  |
| N                             |                    |                      |
| Namibia                         | NA                 | NAM                  |
| Nauru                           | NR                 | NRU                  |
| Nepal                           | NP                 | NPL                  |
| Netherlands                     | NL                 | NLD                  |
| Netherlands Antilles            | AN                 | ANT                  |
| New Caledonia                   | NC                 | NCL                  |
| New Zealand                     | NZ                 | NZL                  |
| Nicaragua                       | NI                 | NIC                  |
| Niger                           | NE                 | NER                  |
| Nigeria                         | NG                 | NGA                  |
| Niue                            | NU                 | NIU                  |
| Norfolk Island                  | NF                 | NFK                  |
| Northern Mariana Islands        | MP                 | MNP                  |
| Norway                          | NO                 | NOR                  |
| O                             |                    |                      |
| Oman                            | OM                 | OMN                  |
| P                             |                    |                      |
| Pakistan                        | PK                 | PAK                  |
| Palau                           | PW                 | PLW                  |
| Panama                          | PA                 | PAN                  |
| Papua New Guinea                | PG                 | PNG                  |
| Paraguay                        | PY                 | PRY                  |
| Peru                            | PE                 | PER                  |
| Philippines                     | PH                 | PHL                  |
| Pitcairn                        | PN                 | PCN                  |
| Geographical entity    | Two-letter code    | Three-letter code    |
|------------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| Poland                 | PL                 | POL                  |
| Portugal               | PT                 | PRT                  |
| Puerto Rico            | PR                 | PRI                  |
| Q                    |                    |                      |
| Qatar                  | QA                 | QAT                  |
| R                    |                    |                      |
| Reunion                | RE                 | REU                  |
| Romania                | RO                 | ROU                  |
| Russian Federation     | RU                 | RUS                  |
| Rwanda                 | RW                 | RWA                  |

## S

| Saint Helena                     | SH    | SHL                              |
|----------------------------------|-------|----------------------------------|
| Saint Kitts and Nevis            | KN    | KNA                              |
| Saint Lucia                      | LC    | LCA                              |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelone       | PM    | SPM                              |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | VC    | VCT                              |
| Samoa                            | WS    | WSM                              |
| San Marino                       | SM    | SMR                              |
| Sao Tome and Principe            | ST    | STP                              |
| Saudi Arabia                     | SA    | SAU                              |
| Senegal                          | SN    | SEN                              |
| Serbia and Montenegro            | CS    | SCG                              |
| Seychelles                       | SC    | SYC                              |
| Sierra Leone                     | SL    | SLE                              |
| Singapore                        | SG    | SGP                              |
| Slovakia                         | SK    | SVK                              |
| Slovenia                         | SI    | SVN                              |
| Solomon Islands                  | SB    | SLB                              |
| Somalia                          | SO    | SOM                              |
| South Africa                     | ZA    | ZAF                              |
| GS                               | SGS   | South Georgia and South Sandwich |
| Islands                          |       |                                  |
| Spain                            | ES    | ESP                              |
| Sri Lanka                        | LK    | LKA                              |
| Sudan                            | SD    | SDN                              |
| Suriname                         | SR    | SUR                              |
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands   | SJ    | SJM                              |
| Swaziland                        | SZ    | SWZ                              |
| Sweden                           | SE    | SWE                              |
| Switzerland                      | CH    | CHE                              |
| Syrian Arab Republic             | SY    | SYR                              |
| T                              |       |                                  |
| Taiwan, Province of China        | TW    | TWN                              |
| Tajikistan                       | TJ    | TJK                              |
| Tanzania, United Republic of     | TZ    | TZA                              |
| Thailand                         | TH    | THA                              |
| TimorLeste                      | TL    | TLS                              |
| Togo                             | TG    | TGO                              |
| Tokelau                          | TK    | TKL                              |
| Tonga                            | TO    | TON                              |
| Trinidad and Tobago              | TT    | TTO                              |
| Tunisia                          | TN    | TUN                              |
| Turkey                           | TR    | TUR                              |
| Geographical entity                  | Two-letter code    | Three-letter code    |
|--------------------------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| Turkmenistan                         | TM                 | TKM                  |
| Turks and Caicos Islands             | TC                 | TCA                  |
| Tuvalu                               | TV                 | TUV                  |
| U                                  |                    |                      |
| Uganda                               | UG                 | UGA                  |
| Ukraine                              | UA                 | UKR                  |
| United Arab Emirates                 | AE                 | AER                  |
| United Kingdom                       | GB                 | GBR                  |
| United States                        | US                 | USA                  |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands | UM                 | UMI                  |
| Uruguay                              | UY                 | URY                  |
| Uzbekistan                           | UZ                 | UZB                  |
| V                                  |                    |                      |
| Vanuatu                              | VU                 | VUT                  |
| Venezuala                            | VE                 | VEN                  |
| Viet Nam                             | VN                 | VNM                  |
| Virgin Islands (British)             | VG                 | VGB                  |
| Virgin Islands (US)                  | VI                 | VIR                  |
| W                                  |                    |                      |
| Wallis and Futuna Islands            | WF                 | WLF                  |
| Western Sahara                       | EH                 | ESH                  |
| Y                                  |                    |                      |
| Yemen                                | YE                 | YEM                  |
| Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of      | YU                 | YUG                  |
| Z                                  |                    |                      |
| Zambia                               | ZM                 | ZMB                  |
| Zimbabwe                             | ZW                 | ZWE                  |

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## Chapter 3 Military Symbology Fundamentals

This chapter discusses framed symbols, locations of amplifiers, the bounding octagon, and the locations of icons and modifiers. It also discusses the building process for framed symbols and unframed symbols.

## Framed Symbols

3-1. A military symbol is a graphic representation of a unit, equipment, installation, activity, control measure, or tactical task relevant to military operations that is used for planning or to represent the common operational picture on a map, display, or overlay. Military symbols are governed by the rules in Military Standard (MIL-STD) 2525D. Military symbols fall into two categories: framed, which includes unit, equipment, installation, and activity symbols; and unframed, which includes control measure and tactical symbols.

3-2. A framed symbol is composed of a frame, color (fill), icon, modifiers, and amplifiers. Paragraphs 3-3
through 3-13 discuss framed symbols.

## Frame

3-3. The frame is the border of a symbol. It does not include associated information inside or outside of the border. The frame serves as the base to which other symbol components are added. The frame indicates the standard identity, physical domains, and status of the object being represented.

## Standard Identity

3-4. Standard identity reflects the relationship between the viewer and the operational object being monitored. The standard identity categories are unknown, pending, assumed friend, friend, neutral, suspect, and hostile. In the realm of surface operation symbols, a circle or rectangle frame denotes friend or assumed friend standard identity, a diamond frame denotes hostile or suspect standard identity, a square frame denotes neutral standard identity, and a quatrefoil frame denotes unknown and pending standard identity. Table 3-1
(on page 3-2) shows frame shapes for standard identities for land symbols.

## Physical Domain

3-5. The physical domain defines the primary mission area for the object within the operational environment. An object can have a mission area above the earth's surface (in the air domain or space domain), on the earth's surface, or below the earth's surface (that is, in the land domain or maritime domain). The land domain includes those mission areas on the land surface or close to the surface (such as caves, mines, and underground shelters). Maritime surface units are depicted in the sea surface dimension. Aircraft, regardless of Service ownership, can be depicted in either the air dimension (in flight) or land dimension (on the ground), while air units are depicted as a land unit and facilities as a land installation. Land equipment is depicted in the land dimension. Likewise, landing craft whose primary mission is ferrying personnel or equipment to and from shore are represented in the sea surface dimension. However, a landing craft whose primary mission is to fight on land is a ground asset and is represented in the land dimension.

| Standard Identity    | Friendly    | Hostile    |
|----------------------|-------------|------------|
| Assumed Friend       | Suspect     | Pending    |

## Status

3-6. Status depicts whether an object exists at the location identified (status is "present" or "confirmed"), will in the future reside at that location (status is "planned" or "anticipated"), or is thought to reside at that location ("suspected"). See table 3-2 for a depiction of friendly frames.

Land
Activity
Dimension
Land
Sea
Equipment
or
Space
Air
Land
Unit
Installation
Subsurface
Event
Status
and Sea
Surface
Present or
confirmed
position
Anticipated,
planned or
suspected
position

## Color (Fill)

3-7. In framed symbols, color provides a redundant clue with regard to standard identity. The fill is the interior area in a symbol. If color is not used, the fill is transparent. In unframed symbols (equipment), color is the sole indicator of standard identity, excluding text amplifiers. The default colors used to designate standard identity are blue for friendly or assumed friend, red for hostile or suspect, green for neutral, and yellow for unknown or pending. Affiliation color without the fill may also be used for the frame, main icon, and modifiers.

## The Octagon

3-8. The octagon serves as a three sector spatial reference for placement of main icons and modifiers in the frame of a symbol. The three sectors specify where main icons and modifiers are positioned and how much space is available for sizing of main icons and modifiers. The vertical bounding octagon allows for effective use of the space when dealing with vertical icons. Table 3-3 on page 3-4 provides examples showing the horizontal and vertical bounding octagons examples for all frame shapes.

## Main Icons For Framed Symbols

3-9. The main icon is the innermost part of a symbol. The icon provides an abstract pictorial or alphanumeric representation of units, equipment, installations, or activities. This publication distinguishes between icons that must be framed and icons for which framing is optional. This indicator is represented as the center area of field A/AA as defined in table 3-4 on page 3-7 through 3-9. For better readability, main icons may be "enlarged" to extend into any unused modifier sector.

3-10. In general, main icons should not be so large as to exceed the dimensions of the main sector of the octagon or touch the interior border of the frame. However, there are exceptions to this size rule. In those cases the main icons will occupy the entire frame and must, therefore, exceed the dimensions of the main sector of the octagon and touch the interior border of the frame. These are called full-frame main icons and occur only in land domain symbols. Figure 3-1 shows an example of a full-frame main icon for all frame shapes.

## Modifiers For Framed Symbols

3-11. A modifier provides an abstract pictorial or alphanumeric representation, displayed in conjunction with a main icon. The modifier provides additional information about the icon (unit, equipment, installation, or activity) being displayed. Modifiers conform to the octagon and are placed either above (in sector 1) or below (in sector 2) the main icon. This indicator is represented as the upper and lower part of field A/AA as defined in table 3-2 on page 3-3. This publication defines various types of modifiers and indicates where each is to be placed in relation to the icon in the symbol frame.

## Amplifiers For Framed Symbols

3-12. An amplifier provides additional information about the symbol being portrayed and is displayed outside the frame. Figure 3-1 shows the essential amplifier fields around a friendly land unit symbol frame. To avoid cluttering the display, only essential amplifiers should be used. Arabic numerals are normally used to show the unique designation of units. However, Roman numerals are used to show corps echelon units.

3-13. The purpose of amplifier placement is to standardize the location of information. Figure 3-1 also illustrates the placement of amplifiers around a frame. The placement of amplifier information is the same regardless of frame shape. Table 3-4 (on pages 3-7 through 3-9) provides a description of amplifiers for framed symbols.

3-14. **Text (field AA, G, H, and T)**. When these amplifiers are displayed, they shall be defined in accordance with the contents of table 3-4 on pages 3-7 through 3-9. Although text amplifiers are normally displayed around the symbol, the special C2 headquarters indicator (field AA as defined in table 3-4) is contained inside the frame, as seen in figure 3-2 on page 3-6. Staff comments and additional information are contained in fields G and H, with the content of these fields being implementation specific so long as the maximum number of characters in each field is not exceeded. Air and space track numbers are included in field T.

3-15.  **Direction of movement (field Q)**. The direction of movement amplifier is an arrow or staff identifying the direction of movement or intended movement of an object. For land symbols, the amplifier is an angled arrow extending downward from the bottom center of the frame or icon and pointing in the direction of movement. For all other symbols, the amplifier is an arrow extending from the center of the frame or icon and pointing in the direction of movement (see figure 3-2 on page 3-6).

3-16. **Mobility indicator (field R)**. This indicator is only used for equipment. This indicator identifies mobility other than that intrinsic to the equipment itself. For example, the symbol for a self-propelled howitzer moving by train would include a railway mobility indicator, while the symbol for a self-propelled howitzer, a tank, or other tracked vehicle would not have a mobility indicator. The indicator is represented in field R as defined in table 3-4 on pages 3-7 through 3-9 and is positioned as shown in figure 3-2 on page 3-6.

3-17. **Offset precise location (field S)**. The offset precise location indicator is used when placing an object away from its actual location, and it is a three point line extending from the anchor point of the symbol. Point 1 is the anchor point of the offset symbol. Point 3 is the actual geographic location. Point 2 is an elbow between the symbol anchor point and the actual geographic location. See figure 3-2 on page 3-6.

3-18. **Speed (field Z)**. This field is used to display a unit or equipment velocity. The amplifier has a specific format as described in paragraphs 3-19 and 3-20.

3-19. The first part of this eight-character (its maximum length) amplifier shall be a numeric value (quantity)
in the range 0 through 99999 or any combination of four or fewer digits and a significant decimal point.

There is a 5-character maximum for the numeric portion of this amplifier. There are specific allowable entries for the numeric portion of this amplifier. The legal entries are a decimal point and numbers. The legal range of values for the numeric portion is zero (0) through 99999. The minimum length of this portion of the amplifier is 1; the maximum is 5. The minimum decimal place is zero (0); the maximum decimal place is four (4).

3-20. The second part of this eight character (maximum length) amplifier shall be the speed or velocity unit of measure. Legal entries for this portion of the amplifier shall be "KPH" (kilometers per hour), "MPS" (meters per second), "KTS" (knots per hour), or "MPH" (miles per hour). Examples include


220KPH = 220 kilometers per hour.

974.5MPS = 974.5 meters per second.

18.75KTS = 18.75 knots per hour.

5MPH = 5 miles per hour.
3-21. **Direction of movement (field Q)**. The direction of movement amplifier is an arrow or staff identifying the direction of movement or intended movement of an object. For land symbols, the amplifier is an angled arrow extending downward from the bottom center of the frame or icon and pointing in the direction of movement. For all other symbols, the amplifier is an arrow extending from the center of the frame or icon and pointing in the direction of movement (see figure 3-2).

3-22. All other amplifiers are described briefly in table 3-4 on pages 3-7 through 3-9.

| Field                                                                   | Field Title             | Description                                                         |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
| A                                                                       | Main and modifier icons |                                                                     |
| The innermost part of a symbol that represents a military object        |                         |                                                                     |
| and its capabilities (modifiers1 and 2).                                |                         |                                                                     |
| B                                                                       | Echelon                 | A graphic amplifier in a unit symbol that identifies command level. |
| C                                                                       | Quantity                |                                                                     |
| A text amplifier in an equipment symbol that identifies the number      |                         |                                                                     |
| of items present.                                                       |                         |                                                                     |
| D                                                                       | Task force indicator    |                                                                     |
| A graphic amplifier that identifies a unit or an activities symbol as   |                         |                                                                     |
| a task force. (See table 4-8 on page 4-27.)                             |                         |                                                                     |
| F                                                                       |                         |                                                                     |
| Attached and detached                                                   |                         |                                                                     |
| (reinforced or reduced)                                                 |                         |                                                                     |
| A text amplifier in a unit symbol that displays (+) for reinforced, (-) |                         |                                                                     |
| for reduced, (+) reinforced and reduced. (See table 4-9 on page         |                         |                                                                     |
| 4-28.)                                                                  |                         |                                                                     |
| G                                                                       | Staff comments          |                                                                     |
| A text amplifier for units, equipment, and installations. Content is    |                         |                                                                     |
| implementation specific.                                                |                         |                                                                     |
| H                                                                       | Additional information  |                                                                     |
| A unique alphanumeric designation that identifies the unit being        |                         |                                                                     |
| displayed.                                                              |                         |                                                                     |

Note: When showing unique alphanumeric designations for combat arms regimental units (air defense artillery, armor, aviation, cavalry, field artillery, infantry, and special forces) the following rules apply:

No regimental headquarters: A dash (-) will be used between the battalion and the regimental designation where there is no regimental headquarters (example: A/6-37 for A Battery, 6th Battalion, 37th Field Artillery). Regimental headquarters: A slash (/) will be used between the battalion and the regimental designation where there is a regimental headquarters of an active operational unit to show continuity of the units (example: F/2/11 for F Troop, 2d Squadron/11th Armored Cavalry Regiment).
J
Evaluation rating
A text amplifier for units, equipment and installations that consists of a single-letter reliability rating and a single digit credibility rating.
Reliability Ratings:
A-completely reliable. B-usually reliable. C-fairly reliable. D-not usually reliable. E-unreliable.
F-reliability cannot be judged.
Credibility Ratings:
1-confirmed by other sources. 2-probably true. 3-possibly true. 4-doubtfully true. 5-improbable. 6-truth cannot be judged.
| Field                                                                    | Field Title                   | Description                                                            |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| K                                                                        | Combat effectiveness          | A text amplifier for units and installations that indicates            |
| effectiveness. The entries are                                          |                               |                                                                        |
| fully operational (FO).                                                  |                               |                                                                        |
| substantially operational (SO).                                          |                               |                                                                        |
| marginally operational (MO).                                             |                               |                                                                        |
| not operational (NO).                                                    |                               |                                                                        |
| unknown (UNK).                                                           |                               |                                                                        |
| L                                                                        | Signature equipment           | A text amplifier for hostile equipment. "!" indicates detectable       |
| electronic signatures.                                                   |                               |                                                                        |
| M                                                                        | Higher formation              | A text amplifier for units that indicates number or title of higher    |
| echelon command (corps are designated by Roman numerals).                |                               |                                                                        |
| N                                                                        | Hostile (enemy)               | A text amplifier for equipment. Letters "ENY" denote hostile           |
| symbols.                                                                 |                               |                                                                        |
| P                                                                        | Identification, friend or foe |                                                                        |
| Selective                                                                | identification                |                                                                        |
| feature                                                                  |                               |                                                                        |
| A text amplifier displaying one or more identification, friend or foe,   |                               |                                                                        |
| or selective identification feature identification modes and codes.      |                               |                                                                        |
| Display priority is mode 5, mode S,                                      |                               |                                                                        |
| mode 4, mode 2, and mode 3.                                              |                               |                                                                        |
| Q                                                                        | Direction                     | of                                                                     |
| indicator                                                                |                               |                                                                        |
| A graphic amplifier for units and equipment that identifies the          |                               |                                                                        |
| direction of movement or intended movement of an object.                 |                               |                                                                        |
| R                                                                        | Mobility indicator            | A graphic amplifier for equipment that depicts the mobility of an      |
| object. (See figure 5-1 on page 5-1 and table 5-3 on pages 5-12          |                               |                                                                        |
| through 5-15.)                                                           |                               |                                                                        |
| S                                                                        | Headquarters staff indicator  | A graphic amplifier for units, installations, and stability operations |
| that identifies them as a headquarters.                                  |                               |                                                                        |
| (See table 4-7 on page 4-26.).                                           |                               |                                                                        |
| S                                                                        |                               |                                                                        |
| 2                                                                        |                               |                                                                        |
|                                                                          | Offset location indicator     | A graphic amplifier used to indicate the offset or precise location of |
| a single point symbol. (See table 4-7 on page 4-26.)                     |                               |                                                                        |
| T                                                                        | Unique designation (track     |                                                                        |
| number)                                                                  |                               |                                                                        |
| A text amplifier for units, equipment, and installations that uniquely   |                               |                                                                        |
| identifies a particular symbol or track number.                          |                               |                                                                        |
| Prefix = TN: #####.                                                      |                               |                                                                        |
| Example: TN: 13579.                                                      |                               |                                                                        |
| V                                                                        | Type                          | A text amplifier for equipment that indicates types of equipment.      |
| W                                                                        | Date-time group               | An alphanumeric designator for displaying a date-time group            |
| (DDHHMMSSZMONYYYY) or "O/O" for on order. The date-                      |                               |                                                                        |
| time group is composed of a group of six numeric digits with a time      |                               |                                                                        |
| zone suffix and the standardized three-letter abbreviation for the       |                               |                                                                        |
| month followed by four digits representing the year. The first pair      |                               |                                                                        |
| of digits represents the day; the second pair, the hour; the third pair, |                               |                                                                        |
| the minutes. For automated systems, two digits may be added              |                               |                                                                        |
| before the time zone suffix and after the minutes to designate           |                               |                                                                        |
| seconds.                                                                 |                               |                                                                        |
| Field                                                                | Field Title           | Description                                                      |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|
| X                                                                    | Altitude or depth     |                                                                  |
| A text amplifier for units, equipment, and installations that        |                       |                                                                  |
| displays either altitude, flight level, depth for submerged objects, |                       |                                                                  |
| or height of equipment or structures on the ground.                  |                       |                                                                  |
| Measurement units shall be displayed in the string.                  |                       |                                                                  |
| Examples:                                                            |                       |                                                                  |
| 1500MSL                                                              |                       |                                                                  |
| FL150                                                                |                       |                                                                  |
| Y                                                                    | Location              |                                                                  |
| A text amplifier for units, equipment, and installations that        |                       |                                                                  |
| displays a symbol's location in degrees, minutes, and decimal        |                       |                                                                  |
| minutes (or in military grid reference system, global area           |                       |                                                                  |
| reference system, or other applicable display formats).              |                       |                                                                  |
| Z                                                                    | Speed                 | A text amplifier for units and equipment that displays velocity. |
| AA                                                                   | Special headquarters  |                                                                  |
| A text modifier for units. The indicator is contained inside the     |                       |                                                                  |
| frame. A named command such as Supreme Headquarters                  |                       |                                                                  |
| Allied Powers, Europe, United States Pacific Command, United         |                       |                                                                  |
| States Central Command, and joint, multinational, or coalition       |                       |                                                                  |
| commands such as combined joint task forces or joint task            |                       |                                                                  |
| forces.                                                              |                       |                                                                  |
| AD                                                                   | Platform type         |                                                                  |
| Electronic intelligence notation or communications intelligence      |                       |                                                                  |
| notation.                                                            |                       |                                                                  |
| AE                                                                   | Common identifier     | Example: "Hawk" for Hawk surface-to-air missile system.          |
| AL                                                                   | Operational condition |                                                                  |
| A graphic amplifier for equipment or installations that indicates    |                       |                                                                  |
| operational condition or capacity. Operational condition amplifier,  |                       |                                                                  |
| if used, shall be comprised of only one color.                       |                       |                                                                  |
| Example: Aircraft: Red - damaged, Green - fully capable              |                       |                                                                  |
| Example: Missile: Red - imminent threat, Green - no threat           |                       |                                                                  |
| AO                                                                   | Engagement bar        |                                                                  |
| A graphic amplifier placed immediately atop the symbol. It may       |                       |                                                                  |
| denote 1) local/remote status, 2) engagement status, and 3)          |                       |                                                                  |
| weapon type. The engagement amplifier is arranged as follows:        |                       |                                                                  |
| A: BBB-CC, where A (1 character) denotes a local versus remote       |                       |                                                                  |
| engagement, BBB (up to 3 characters) denotes engagement              |                       |                                                                  |
| state and CC (up to 2 characters) denotes weapon deployment          |                       |                                                                  |
| or asset control.                                                    |                       |                                                                  |
| AR                                                                   | Special designator    |                                                                  |
| Special track designators such as non-real time and tactically       |                       |                                                                  |
| significant tracks are denoted here.                                 |                       |                                                                  |

## Lettering For All Symbols

3-23. The lettering for all military symbols will always be upper case. The lettering for all point, line, and area symbols will be oriented to the top of the display (north). In some cases the lettering may be tilted slightly to follow the contour of a line, but it must never be tilted so much that readers must tilt their heads to read it. The lettering for the bounding octagon will be the same as the orientation of the octagon. The lettering for the horizontal bounding octagon will be horizontal from left to right and the lettering for the vertical octagon will be vertical from top to bottom.

## The Building Process For Framed Symbols

3-24. Chapters 4 through 7 provide an extensive number of icons and modifiers for building a wide variety of framed symbols. No attempt has been made to depict all possible combinations. Instead, a standard method for constructing symbols is presented. Once the user is familiar with the prescribed system, any desired symbol can be developed using the logical sequence provided in this chapter. The main icons shown in this publication are adequate for depicting all standard identities for framed symbols. When representing unorthodox framed symbols, users select the most appropriate main icon or modifier contained herein. Soldiers should avoid using any main icon or modifiers or combinations and modifications that differ from those in this publication. If, after searching doctrinal icons and modifiers, it is necessary to create a new symbol, users should explain the symbol in an accompanying legend. Computer-generated systems will have difficulty in passing nonstandard symbols. Table 3-5 shows the steps in the building process for framed symbols.

| Step                                                                  | Description                                                     |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1                                                                     | Choose appropriate frame shape from table 3-1 on page 3-2.      |
| 2                                                                     |                                                                 |
| Choose appropriate main icon from chapters 2 through 5 and combine it |                                                                 |
| with frame.                                                           |                                                                 |
| 3                                                                     | Choose appropriate sector 1 modifier from chapters 2 through 5. |
| 4                                                                     | Choose appropriate sector 2 modifier from chapters 2 through 5. |
| 5                                                                     |                                                                 |
| Choose minimum essential amplifiers from those listed in table 3-3 on |                                                                 |
| page 3-4.                                                             |                                                                 |

## Unframed Symbols

3-25. Paragraphs 3-26 through 3-29 discuss unframed symbols. Control measure symbols and mission task verb symbols are unframed symbols. They conform to special rules for their own elements.

## Control Measure Symbols

3-26. A control measure is a means of regulating forces or warfighting functions. Control measures may be boundaries, special area designations, or other unique markings related to an operational environment's geometry and be necessary for planning and managing operations. Control measure symbols represent control measures that can be graphically portrayed, and they provide operational information. They can be displayed as points, lines, and areas. Control measure symbols can be combined with other military symbols, main icons, and amplifiers to display operational information. Control measure symbols follow the same fundamental building rules as framed symbols, but they are built in accordance with their template. Control measure symbols can be black or white, depending on their display background. Display backgrounds can be blue (for friendly), red (for hostile), green (for obstacles), or yellow (for a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear contaminated area fill). Description, placement, and further details of control measure symbols are addressed in chapter 8. Table 3-6 (on page 3-12) shows the steps in the building process for control measure symbols. (See chapter 8 for more information about control measure symbols.)

## Icons For Control Measures

3-27. The icon provides an abstract pictorial representation of the control measure. Icons can be depicted as points, lines, or areas.

## Modifiers For Control Measures

3-28. Minefields and limited access areas have modifiers that can be used with the control measure. Limited access areas use mobility sector 1 modifiers (see table 8-30 on page 8-115) and minefield control measures use minefield sector 1 modifiers (see table 8-31 on pages 8-116 through 8-118).   All other control measures use amplifiers in the construct of the symbol.

## Amplifiers For Control Measures

3-29. As with the framed symbols, the amplifier in a control measure provides additional information about the icon being displayed. However, the location of the amplifiers for control measures varies and is dependent on the control measure symbol being displayed. Because the location of amplifiers varies, there is no standardized amplifier placement location for all types of control measures. Chapter 8 provides numerous figures and tables that identify the location of amplifiers for each of the different types of control measures. For multiple entries of the same type or similar information, the field number will be followed by a dash and a number designating the second or more uses. For example, a from-to date-time group may use W for the start time and W1 for the end time, or an airspace coordination area may use T to name an operational name or designation for the airspace coordination area and for the unique alphanumeric designation that identifies the unit establishing the airspace control area. Arabic numerals are normally used when showing the unique designation of units. However, corps echelon units are identified with Roman numerals.

| Step                                                 | Description                                    |
|------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------|
| 1                                                    | Choose the appropriate control measure symbol. |
| 2                                                    |                                                |
| Choose the appropriate control measure template that |                                                |
| will show the possible amplifiers.                   |                                                |
3
Choose the appropriate amplifier information by field.
4
Choose the next appropriate amplifier information by field.
5
Choose the next appropriate amplifier information by field (framed icon).

## Mission And Operational Task Symbols

3-30. Chapter 9 discusses mission and operational task symbols. The mission and operational task symbols are graphic representations of many of the tactical tasks, tactical enabling tasks, retrograde tasks, and special purpose attacks. However, not all have an associated symbol. Tactical task symbols are for use in course of action sketches, synchronization matrixes, and maneuver sketches. They do not replace any part of an operation order. Mission and operational task symbols should be scaled to fit the map scale and the size of unit represented.

## Chapter 4 Units, Individuals, And Organizations

This chapter discusses symbols for units, individuals, and organizations.

## Main Icons For Units

4-1. A *unit* is a military element whose structure is prescribed by a competent authority, such as a table of organization and equipment; specifically, part of an organization (JP 3-33). Icons in the main sector of the bounding octagon reflect the main function of the symbol. (See table 3-4 on pages 3-7 through 3-9.) Table 4-1 (on pages 4-1 through 4-5) shows the main icons for units. There are exceptions to the main icon sector. These exceptions are full frame icons. Full frame icons are not limited to the main sector of the bounding octagon. Full-frame icons may reflect the main function of the symbol, or they may reflect modifying information. Full frame modifiers will be found in the modifier 1 and 2 tables. Table 4-2 (on pages 4-6 through 4-7) shows main icons for named units.

Icon
Note.
U.S.
Army
icons
were
Example
Note. Provides a basic unit symbol
without modifiers or amplifiers.
Function
Note. Unless otherwise noted these
functions are applicable to U.S. Army units.
determined by table of organization and equipment and modified table of organization
and
equipment
descriptions in the Force Management System of the U.S. Army Force Management Support Agency.
Administrative
Note. No longer used as a U.S. Army
table of organization and equipment or modified table of organization and equipment unit.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Army Field Support Air defense artillery (radar dome) Air and missile defense Air-naval gunfire liaison company (ANGLICO)
Note. As a main icon this is a Marine
Corps unit and is not a U.S. Army table of organization and equipment or modified table of organization and equipment unit.
determined by table of organization and equipment and modified table of
organization
and
equipment
descriptions in the Force Management System of the U.S. Army Force Management Support Agency.
Anti-armor (anti-tank) (upside down V)
Armored (armor) (tank track)
Note.
Armored
protection
and
mobility.
Armored cavalry
Note. This main icon is the
combination of two other main icons.
Mechanized (armored) infantry
Note.
This
main
icon
is
the
combination of two other main icons.
Army aviation or rotary-wing aviation
Note. This icon is used for Army
aviation and rotary-wing aviation.
Fixed-wing aviation Music performance Cavalry (reconnaissance) (cavalry bandoleer) Chemical (chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear) (crossed retorts)
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives Civil affairs (abbreviation) Civil-military cooperation North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Chaplain (religious support) Combined arms (modified cross straps and tank track)
determined by table of organization and equipment and modified table of
organization
and
equipment
descriptions in the Force Management System of the U.S. Army Force Management Support Agency.
Engineer (bridge) Field artillery (cannon ball)
Finance
(strong box) Hospital (medical treatment facility) Infantry (crossed straps) Information operations (abbreviation) Interpreter or translator Judge advocate general (abbreviation) Contracting Support
KS
Liaison North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
LO
Maintenance (double end wrench) Maneuver enhancement Medical (Geneva cross) Military history (abbreviation)
MH
Military intelligence (abbreviation)
MI
Icon
Note.
U.S.
Army
icons
were
Function
Note. Unless otherwise noted these
functions are applicable to U. S. Army units.
determined by table of organization and equipment and modified table of
organization
and
equipment
descriptions in the Force Management System of the U.S. Army Force Management Support Agency.
Military police (abbreviation)
MP
Missile
Note. This is not a U.S. Army table of
organization
and
equipment
or
modified table of organization and equipment unit.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Missile defense
MD
Mortar
Note. This is not a U.S. Army table of
organization
and
equipment
or
modified table of organization and equipment unit.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Mortuary Affairs Naval
Note. As a main icon this is a Navy
unit and is not a U.S. Army table of organization
and
equipment
or
modified table of organization and equipment unit.
Ordnance
(bursting bomb) Personnel (personnel services or human resources)
PS
Psychological operations
Note. Psychological operations have
been renamed to military information support operations (MISO) in United States doctrine.
Public affairs
PA
Quartermaster (key to the stores)
Example
Note. Provides a basic unit symbol
without modifiers or amplifiers.
Icon
Note.
U.S.
Army
icons
were
Example
Note. Provides a basic unit symbol
without modifiers or amplifiers.
Function
Note. Unless otherwise noted these
functions are applicable to U. S. Army units.
determined by table of organization and equipment and modified table of
organization
and
equipment
descriptions in the Force Management System of the U.S. Army Force Management Support Agency.
Rigger Sea, air, land (SEAL) Navy
SEAL
Security (internal security forces)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
SEC
Signal (lightning flash) Space (star) Special forces
SF
Special operations forces joint
SOF
Special troops
ST
Support Also used as a modifier 2.
SPT
Surveillance (battlefield surveillance) Sustainment
SUST
Transportation (wheel)
| Named Unit                           |
|--------------------------------------|
| Combatant Commands                   |
| United States Africa Command         |
| AFRICOM                              |
| United States Africa Command         |
| United States Central Command        |
| CENTCOM                              |
| United States European               |
| Command                              |
| EUCOM                                |
| United States Northern Command       |
| NORTHCOM                             |
| United States Pacific Command        |
| PACOM                                |
| United States Southern Command       |
| SOUTHCOM                             |
| Army Elements for Combatant Commands |
| United States Army, Africa           |
| Command                              |
| USARAF                               |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organizations  |
| United States Army, Central          |
| Command                              |
| USARCENT                             |
| United States Army Central           |
| Command                              |
| United States Army, Europe           |
| Command                              |
| USAEUR                               |
| United States Army, North            |
| USARNORTH                            |
| United States Army, Pacific          |
| Command                              |
| USARPAC                              |
| Named Unit                   |
|------------------------------|
| United States Army, Southern |
| Command                      |
| USARSO                       |
| Allied Command Operations    |
| ACO                          |

## Sector 1 Modifiers For Units

4-2. Table 4-3 (on pages 4-8 through 4-16) shows sector 1 modifiers for unit capabilities. These modifiers show the specific functions that the unit is organized and equipped to perform.

Decontamination
Radiological

## Sector 2 Modifiers For Units

| Function                        |
|---------------------------------|
| High altitude                   |
| HA                              |
| Light                           |
| L                               |
| Light and medium                |
| L/M                             |
| Light and medium transportation |
| unit                            |
| Long range                      |
| LR                              |
| Low altitude                    |
| LA                              |
| Low to medium altitude          |
| LMA                             |
| Medium                          |
| M                               |
| Function                |
|-------------------------|
| Medium altitude         |
| MA                      |
| Medium range            |
| MR                      |
| Medium to high altitude |
| MHA                     |
| Short range             |
| SR                      |
Very heavy

## Echelon Amplifiers (Field B)

4-4. An echelon is a separate level of command. In addition, there is also a separate echelon known as a command. A command is a unit or units, an organization, or an area under the command of one individual. It does not correspond to any of the other echelons. Figure 4-1 shows the template for an echelon amplifier. The height of the echelon amplifier is one-fourth of the size of the height of the frame. Table 4-6 (on pages 4-24 through 4-25) shows the field B amplifiers for Army echelons and commands.

## Task Force And Team Amplifiers (Field D)

4-5. This amplifier is used with a task force, company team, or brigade combat team. A task force is a temporary grouping of units under one commander formed to carry out a specific operation or mission, or a semipermanent organization of units under one commander formed to carry out a continuing specified task. Definitions for company team, and brigade combat team can be found in Chapter 1. Figure 4-2 shows the template for a task force or team amplifier. Table 4-7 on page 4-26 shows the task force and team amplifier.

## Attached And Detached Amplifiers (Field F)

4-6. This amplifier is used at brigade echelons and below. Use a plus + symbol when attaching one or more subelements of a similar function to a headquarters. Use a minus symbol - when detaching one or more subelements of a similar function to a headquarters. Figure 4-3 shows a template for attached and detached amplifiers. Table 4-8 provides an explanation of attached and detached modifiers. (See FM 6-0 for additional information on attachment and detachment.)

| Description               |
|---------------------------|
| Example of amplifier with |
| friendly unit frame       |
| Attached                  |
| Detached                  |

## Operational Condition Amplifiers (Field Al) And Combat Effectiveness Amplifiers (Field K)

4-7. Combat effectiveness or operational condition is the ability of a unit to perform its mission. Factors such as ammunition, personnel, fuel status, and weapon systems are evaluated and rated. The ratings are


Fully operational (FO) - green (85 percent or greater).


Substantially operational (SO) - amber (70 to 84 percent).

Marginally operational (MO) - red (50 to 69 percent).

Not operational (NO) - black (less than 50 percent).

Unknown (UNK)
4-8. Field AL is used to display the level of operational condition of the unit or equipment symbol. Figure
4-4 shows the template for the combat effectiveness amplifier. Table 4-9 on page 4-28 shows operational condition amplifiers. (See chapter 10 for a discussion of combat effectiveness icons used with task organization composition symbols.)

| Description               |
|---------------------------|
| Example of amplifier with |
| friendly unit frame       |
| Fully operational         |
| Substantially operational |
| Marginally operational    |
| Not operational           |

4-9. Field K is used to display the level of combat effectiveness of the unit or equipment symbol using the acronym or abbreviation FO, SO, MO, NO, and UNK. Figure 4-5 shows the template for the combat effectiveness amplifier. (See chapter 10 for a discussion of combat effectiveness icons used with task organization composition symbols.)

## Offset Locator Indicator Amplifier (Field S2) And Headquarters Staff Offset Locator Indicator Amplifier (Field S)

4-10. The center of mass of the unit symbol indicates the general vicinity of the center of mass of the unit.

To indicate precise location or reduce clutter in an area with multiple units, a line (without an arrow) extends from the center of the bottom of the frame to the unit location displayed as field S2. The line may be extended or bent as needed. If a group of units (or installations) other than a headquarters is at one location, the grouping of the symbols may be enclosed with a bracket and the exact location indicated by a line from the center of the bracket. Figure 4-6 on page 4-29 shows examples of how to use the offset locator indicator.

4-11. To indicate a precise location or reduce the clutter of headquarters unit symbols, a staff extends from the bottom left hand corner to the headquarters location displayed as field S. This staff may be bent or extended as needed. If several headquarters are at one location, more than one headquarters can be on a single staff. The highest echelon headquarters is placed on top, followed by the next echelons in descending order. Figure 4-7 shows examples of how the headquarters offset locator indicator is used. Table 4-10 on page 4-30 gives examples of unit symbols.

| Description of Unit Unique Designation             |
|----------------------------------------------------|
| Special Troops Battalion, 2d Brigade Combat        |
| Team, 10th Mountain Division, III Corps            |
| 299 Support Battalion (Brigade), 2d Brigade        |
| Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division                 |
| 4th Battalion, 23d Infantry Regiment (Stryker), 2d |
| Brigade, 7th Infantry Division                     |
| 4th Platoon (Mobile Gun System), A Company, 4th    |
| Battalion, 23d Infantry Regiment (Stryker), 2d     |
| Brigade, 7th Infantry Division                     |
| Division Artillery, 101st Airborne Division (Air   |
| Assault)                                           |
| 6th Battalion, 37th Field Artillery Regiment, 2d   |
| Infantry Division                                  |
| 181 Transportation Battalion, 3d Expeditionary     |
| Sustainment Command                                |
| 67th Forward Support Company, 2d Battalion, 20th   |
| Field Artillery                                    |
| C Battery, 3d Battalion, 319 Field Artillery (Air  |
| Assault)                                           |
| III Marine Expeditionary Force                     |

## Main Icons For Defense Support Of Civil Authorities Individuals And Organizations (Civilian)

4-12. These symbols are a recognition of the larger role of military forces beyond war fighting. Military forces are also engaged in stability activities and support to civil authorities around the world. Symbols for individuals and organizations represent civilians and normally do not have prescribed structures. Organization symbols can reflect civic, ethnic, religious, social, or other groupings. Icons in the main sector reflect the main function of the icon. Table 4-11 (on pages 4-31 through 4-32) shows the main icons for civilian individuals and organizations, and the user must determine the appropriate frame shape.

| Function                                  |
|-------------------------------------------|
| Border patrol                             |
| Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and |
| Explosives (ATF)                          |
| ATF                                       |
| Coast Guard                               |
| Customs service                           |
| Department of Justice                     |
| Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)             |
| DEA                                       |
| Emergency operations (management)         |
| Environmental protection                  |
| Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)     |
| FBI                                       |
| Fire department                           |
| Governmental                              |
| Internal security force                   |
| ISF                                       |
| Law enforcement                           |
| Nongovernmental                           |
| NGO                                       |
| Pirates                                   |
| Police department                         |
| Prisons                                   |
| Function                                     |
|----------------------------------------------|
| Spy                                          |
| SPY                                          |
| Transportation Security Agency (TSA)         |
| TSA                                          |
| United States Marshall Service               |
| United States Secret Service                 |
| USSS                                         |
| Persons and Organizations or Groups          |
| Unspecified individual                       |
| Change: Unspecified individual icon uses the |
| vertical bounding octagon.                   |
| Unspecified organization                     |
| Criminal activities victim                   |
| Criminal activities victims                  |
| Attempted criminal activities victim         |
| Attempted criminal activities victims        |

## Sector 1 Modifiers For Individuals And Organizations

4-13. Table 4-12 (on pages 4-33 through 4-35) shows sector 1 modifiers. Sector 1 modifiers reflect the function of civilian individuals or organizations.

General groupings
Characteristic
| General groupings    |
|----------------------|
| Example of modifier  |
| with frame:          |
| General groupings    |
|----------------------|
| Example of modifier  |
| with frame:          |

## Sector 2 Modifiers For Defense Support Of Civil Authorities Individuals And Organizations

Characteristic
Modifier
Example of modifier with friendly unit frame:

This chapter discusses main icons, sector 1 modifiers, and mobility indicator amplifiers for equipment.

## Icons And Modifiers For Land Equipment Symbols

5-1. This section includes the lists of icons and modifiers for building land equipment symbols. Figure 5-1
shows the placement of land equipment symbol amplifiers around the friend symbol frame. Table 5-1 (on pages 5-2 through 5-4) provides descriptions and formats of each amplifier and modifier. Equipment is all nonexpendable items needed to outfit or equip an individual or organization. Equipment symbols can be used with or without frames. When frames are not used, then standard identity colors must be used.

| Field                                                                    | Field Title               | Description                                                           |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| A                                                                        |                           |                                                                       |
| Symbol icon and                                                          |                           |                                                                       |
| modifiers                                                                |                           |                                                                       |
| The innermost part of a symbol that represents a military object and     |                           |                                                                       |
| its capabilities (modifiers1 and 2).                                     |                           |                                                                       |
| C                                                                        | Quantity                  |                                                                       |
| A text amplifier in an equipment symbol that identifies the number of    |                           |                                                                       |
| items present.                                                           |                           |                                                                       |
| G                                                                        | Staff comments            |                                                                       |
| A text amplifier for units, equipment and installations; content is      |                           |                                                                       |
| implementation specific.                                                 |                           |                                                                       |
| H                                                                        | Additional information    |                                                                       |
| A text amplifier for units, equipment and installations; content is      |                           |                                                                       |
| implementation specific.                                                 |                           |                                                                       |
| J                                                                        | Evaluation rating         |                                                                       |
| A text amplifier for units, equipment and installations that consists of |                           |                                                                       |
| a one-letter reliability rating and a one-number credibility rating:     |                           |                                                                       |
| Reliability ratings:                                                     |                           |                                                                       |
| A-completely reliable.                                                   |                           |                                                                       |
| B-usually reliable.                                                      |                           |                                                                       |
| C-fairly reliable.                                                       |                           |                                                                       |
| D-not usually reliable.                                                  |                           |                                                                       |
| E-unreliable.                                                            |                           |                                                                       |
| F-reliability cannot be judged.                                          |                           |                                                                       |
| Credibility ratings:                                                     |                           |                                                                       |
| 1-confirmed by other sources.                                            |                           |                                                                       |
| 2-probably true.                                                         |                           |                                                                       |
| 3-possibly true.                                                         |                           |                                                                       |
| 4-doubtfully true.                                                       |                           |                                                                       |
| 5-improbable.                                                            |                           |                                                                       |
| 6-truth cannot be judged.                                                |                           |                                                                       |
| L                                                                        | Signature equipment       |                                                                       |
| A text amplifier for hostile equipment; "!" indicates detectable         |                           |                                                                       |
| electronic signatures.                                                   |                           |                                                                       |
| M                                                                        | Higher formation          |                                                                       |
| A text amplifier for units that indicates number or title of higher      |                           |                                                                       |
| echelon command (corps are designated by Roman numerals).                |                           |                                                                       |
| N                                                                        | Hostile (enemy)           | A text amplifier for equipment; letters "ENY" denote hostile symbols. |
| P                                                                        |                           |                                                                       |
| Identification, friend or                                                |                           |                                                                       |
| foe                                                                      |                           |                                                                       |
| Selective identification                                                 |                           |                                                                       |
| feature                                                                  |                           |                                                                       |
| A text amplifier displaying one or more identification, friend or foe    |                           |                                                                       |
| (IFF) or selective identification feature (SIF) identification modes and |                           |                                                                       |
| codes.                                                                   |                           |                                                                       |
| Display priority: Mode 5, Mode S,                                        |                           |                                                                       |
| Mode 4, Mode 3, Mode 2                                                   |                           |                                                                       |
| Q                                                                        |                           |                                                                       |
| Direction of movement                                                    |                           |                                                                       |
| indicator                                                                |                           |                                                                       |
| A graphic amplifier for units and equipment that identifies the          |                           |                                                                       |
| direction of movement or intended movement of an object.                 |                           |                                                                       |
| R                                                                        | Mobility indicator        |                                                                       |
| A graphic amplifier for equipment that depicts the mobility of an        |                           |                                                                       |
| object.                                                                  |                           |                                                                       |
| S2                                                                       | Offset location indicator |                                                                       |
| A graphic amplifier used to indicate the offset or precise location of a |                           |                                                                       |
| single point symbol.                                                     |                           |                                                                       |
| T                                                                        | Unique designation        |                                                                       |
| A text amplifier for units, equipment and installations that uniquely    |                           |                                                                       |
| identifies a particular symbol or track number. Identifies acquisitions  |                           |                                                                       |
| number when used with signals intelligence symbology.                    |                           |                                                                       |
| Prefix = TN:#####                                                        |                           |                                                                       |
| Example: TN:13579                                                        |                           |                                                                       |
| V                                                                        | Type                      | A text amplifier for equipment that indicates types of equipment.     |

## (Continued)

| Field                                                                    | Field Title            | Description                                                      |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|
| W                                                                        | Date-time group        |                                                                  |
| An alphanumeric designator for displaying a date-time group              |                        |                                                                  |
| (DDHHMMSSZMONYYYY) or "O/O" for on order. The date-time                  |                        |                                                                  |
| group is composed of a group of six numeric digits with a time zone      |                        |                                                                  |
| suffix and the standardized three-letter abbreviation for the month      |                        |                                                                  |
| followed by four digits representing the year. The first pair of digits  |                        |                                                                  |
| represents the day; the second pair, the hour; the third pair, the       |                        |                                                                  |
| minutes. For automated systems, two digits may be added before           |                        |                                                                  |
| the time zone suffix and after the minutes to designate seconds.         |                        |                                                                  |
| X                                                                        | Altitude or depth      |                                                                  |
| A text amplifier for units, equipment and installations, that displays   |                        |                                                                  |
| either altitude, flight level, depth for submerged objects; or height of |                        |                                                                  |
| equipment or structures on the ground. Measurement units shall be        |                        |                                                                  |
| displayed in the string                                                  |                        |                                                                  |
| Examples:                                                                |                        |                                                                  |
| 1500MSL.                                                                 |                        |                                                                  |
| FL150.                                                                   |                        |                                                                  |
| Y                                                                        | Location               |                                                                  |
| A text amplifier for units, equipment and installations that displays a  |                        |                                                                  |
| symbol's location in degrees, minutes and decimal minutes (or in         |                        |                                                                  |
| military grid reference system, global area reference system, or         |                        |                                                                  |
| other applicable display formats).                                       |                        |                                                                  |
| Examples:                                                                |                        |                                                                  |
| military grid reference system: 38SMB2649083145                          |                        |                                                                  |
| global area reference system: 3317.0921N 04412.6332E                     |                        |                                                                  |
| Z                                                                        | Speed                  | A text amplifier for units and equipment that displays velocity. |
| Equipment teardown time in minutes.                                      | AE                     |                                                                  |
| Equipment teardown                                                       |                        |                                                                  |
| time                                                                     |                        |                                                                  |
| AF                                                                       | Common identifier      | Example: "Hawk" for Hawk surface-to-air missile system.          |
| AG                                                                       |                        |                                                                  |
| Auxiliary equipment                                                      |                        |                                                                  |
| indicator                                                                |                        |                                                                  |
| Towed sonar array indicator: A graphic modifier for equipment that       |                        |                                                                  |
| indicates the presence of a towed sonar array.                           |                        |                                                                  |
| AI                                                                       | Dead reckoning trailer |                                                                  |
| A graphic amplifier for units and equipment that identifies where an     |                        |                                                                  |
| object should be located at present, given its last reported course      |                        |                                                                  |
| and speed.                                                               |                        |                                                                  |
| AJ                                                                       | Speed leader           |                                                                  |
| A graphic amplifier for units, equipment and installations that depicts  |                        |                                                                  |
| the speed and direction of movement of an object.                        |                        |                                                                  |
| AK                                                                       | Pairing line           |                                                                  |
| A graphic amplifier for units, equipment and installations that          |                        |                                                                  |
| connects two objects and is updated dynamically as the positions of      |                        |                                                                  |
| the two objects change.                                                  |                        |                                                                  |
| AL                                                                       | Operational condition  |                                                                  |
| A graphic amplifier for equipment or installations that indicates        |                        |                                                                  |
| operational condition or capacity. If used, it shall be comprised of     |                        |                                                                  |
| only one color.                                                          |                        |                                                                  |
| Example. Aircraft: Red - damaged, Green - fully capable.                 |                        |                                                                  |
| Example: Missile: Red - imminent threat, Green - no threat.              |                        |                                                                  |
| AM                                                                       | Distance               |                                                                  |
| A numeric amplifier that displays a minimum, maximum, or a specific      |                        |                                                                  |
| distance (range, radius, width, and length) in meters.                   |                        |                                                                  |
| AO                                                                       | Engagement bar         |                                                                  |
| A graphic amplifier placed immediately atop the symbol. May              |                        |                                                                  |
| denote, 1) local or remote status; 2) engagement status; and 3)          |                        |                                                                  |
| weapon type. The engagement amplifier is arranged as follows: A:         |                        |                                                                  |
| BBB-CC, where A (1 character) denotes a local versus remote              |                        |                                                                  |
| engagement, BBB (up to 3 characters) denotes engagement state            |                        |                                                                  |
| and CC (up to 2 characters) denotes weapon deployment or asset           |                        |                                                                  |
| control.                                                                 |                        |                                                                  |
| Field                                                          | Field Title        |
|----------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| AR                                                             | Special designator |
| Special track designators such as non-real time and tactically |                    |
| significant tracks are denoted here.                           |                    |

## Main Icons For Equipment

5-2. Icons in the main sector reflect the main function of the symbol. Equipment can use either the horizontal or vertical bounding octagon depending on the icon. Table 5-2 (on pages 5-5 through 5-11) shows the main icons for equipment.

| Description                                                                                                                  |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Example of Modifier with                                                                                                     |
| Friendly Equipment Frame                                                                                                     |
| Note.                                                                                                                        |
| Systems that use these indicators are shown in the second line of the entry in order of light, low altitude, or short-       |
| range; as medium, medium altitude, or medium-range, and a heavy, high-altitude, or long-range.                               |
| Weapon Systems                                                                                                               |
| Note.                                                                                                                        |
| Weapon systems, missile launchers, and nonlethal weapons use the vertical bounding octagon and a unique                      |
| system for indicating size, altitude, or range. Weapons size is indicated by a horizontal line or lines perpendicular to the |
| weapon icon. If an equipment symbol has no lines, it is a basic equipment symbol. Adding one line designates it as light,    |
| low altitude, or short range. Adding two lines designates it as medium, medium altitude, or medium-range. Finally, adding    |
| three lines designates it as heavy, high altitude, or long-range. If a weapon system is designated as greater than heavy,    |
| high altitude, or long-range, then a heavy, high-altitude, or long-range indicator is used.                                  |
| Unspecified weapon                                                                                                           |
| Flame thrower                                                                                                                |
| Grenade launcher                                                                                                             |
Air defense gun
Note. The use of the air defense dome
similar to the unit icon at the base of the shaft indicates that it is primarily an air defense weapon.
Note. The use of the inverted V similar
to the unit icon at the base of the shaft indicates that it is primarily an antitank weapon.
| Description              |
|--------------------------|
| Example of Modifier with |
| Friendly Equipment Frame |
Howitzer tracked (self-propelled)
Greater than
Greater than
160 millimeters
120 millimeters
but less than
but less than
210 millimeters
160 millimeters
| Description              |
|--------------------------|
| Example of Modifier with |
| Friendly Equipment Frame |
launcher
Greater than
Greater than
60 millimeters
but less than
107 millimeters
107 millimeters
Semiautomatic rifle
Automatic rifle
rocket launcher.
| Description                                                                                                                  |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Example of Modifier with                                                                                                     |
| Friendly Equipment Frame                                                                                                     |
| Multiple rocket launcher                                                                                                     |
| Antitank rocket launcher                                                                                                     |
| Nonlethal Weapons                                                                                                            |
| Nonlethal weapon                                                                                                             |
| Taser                                                                                                                        |
| Water cannon                                                                                                                 |
| Vehicles                                                                                                                     |
| Note.                                                                                                                        |
| Vehicle systems use a unique system for indicating size or range. Vehicle size is indicated by either a horizontal           |
| or vertical line or lines in the icon depending on the orientation of the symbol. If an equipment symbol has no lines, it is |
| a basic equipment symbol. Adding one line designates it as light or short-range. Adding two lines designates it as medium    |
| or medium-range. Finally, adding three lines designates it as heavy or long-range. Armored fighting vehicles, armored        |
| personnel carriers, earthmovers, and tanks use the vertical bounding octagon. All remaining equipment icons use the          |
| horizontal bounding octagon.                                                                                                 |
| Armor Protected                                                                                                              |
| Armored fighting vehicle                                                                                                     |
| Armored personnel carrier                                                                                                    |
| Armored protected vehicle                                                                                                    |
| Tank                                                                                                                         |
| Description              |
|--------------------------|
| Example of Modifier with |
| Friendly Equipment Frame |
| Description                         |
|-------------------------------------|
| Example of Modifier with            |
| Friendly Equipment Frame            |
| Petroleum, oils, and lubricants     |
| vehicle (high mobility)             |
| Semi-trailer truck                  |
| Note.                               |
| Semi-trailer truck has a unique     |
| mobility modifier.                  |
| Medium semi-trailer truck           |
| Engineer equipment                  |
| Bridge                              |
| Fixed bridge                        |
| Folding girder bridge               |
| Hollow deck bridge                  |
| Drill                               |
| Earthmover                          |
| Mine clearing                       |
| Mine laying                         |
| Other Equipment                     |
| Antenna                             |
| Chemical, biological, radiological, |
| or nuclear equipment                |
| Description                  |
|------------------------------|
| Example of Modifier with     |
| Friendly Equipment Frame     |
| Computer                     |
| Generator                    |
| Laser                        |
| Military information support |
| operations                   |
| Radar                        |
| Sensor                       |
range; as medium, medium altitude, or medium-range, and a heavy, high-altitude, or long-range.

## Sector 1 Modifiers For Equipment

5-3. Table 5-3 (on pages 5-12 through 5-15) shows sector 1 modifiers for equipment. This is a change to the previous system.

| Description                  |
|------------------------------|
| Example of Modifier with     |
| Friendly Equipment Frame     |
| Example of Most Common       |
| Usage                        |
| Icon or Symbol Without Frame |

## Sector 2 Modifiers For Equipment

Example of Modifier with Friendly Equipment Frame

## Mobility Indicators

5-5. The mobility indicator, which is only used for equipment, depicts the mobility feature of an object, as shown in table 5-5 on page 5-18. This indicator identifies mobility other than that intrinsic to the equipment itself. For example, the symbol for a self-propelled howitzer moving by train would include a railway mobility indicator, while the symbol for a self-propelled howitzer, a tank, or other tracked vehicle would not have a mobility indicator. The indicator is represented in field R.

| Unframed    |
|-------------|
| Mobility    |
| Symbol      |
| Wheeled     |
| (limited    |
| cross-      |
| country)    |
| Wheeled     |
| (cross-     |
| country)    |
| Tracked     |
| Wheeled     |
| and tracked |
| combination |
| Towed       |
| Railway     |
| Over-snow   |
| (prime      |
| mover)      |
| Sled        |
| Pack        |
| animals     |
| Barge       |
| Amphibious  |

This chapter discusses main icons, sector 1 modifiers, and sector 2 modifiers for installations.

## Main Icons For Installations

6-1. Installations are sites that incorporate permanent, semipermanent, and temporary structures. Icons in the main sector reflect the main function of the symbol. Table 6-1 (on pages 6-1 through 6-3) shows the main icons for installations.

| Function                                       |
|------------------------------------------------|
| Aircraft                                       |
| Airport                                        |
| Ammunition                                     |
| Black list location                            |
| BLK                                            |
| Broadcast transmitter antenna                  |
| Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear |
| Economic                                       |
| ECON                                           |
| Electric power plant                           |
| Food                                           |
| Function                                         |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| Gray list location                               |
| GRAY                                             |
| Mass grave                                       |
| Medical                                          |
| Medical treatment facility                       |
| Mine                                             |
| Nuclear (non-chemical, biological, radiological, |
| or nuclear defense)                              |
| Printed media                                    |
| Prison or jail                                   |
| Railhead or railroad station                     |
| Safe house                                       |
| SAFE                                             |
| Sea port                                         |
| Telecommunications                               |
| School or educational institution                |
| Water                                            |
| Function            |
|---------------------|
| Tented camp         |
| Industrial building |
| White list location |
| WHT                 |

## Sector 1 Modifiers For Installations

6-2. Table 6-2 (on pages 6-3 through 6-6) shows sector 1 modifiers. Sector 1 modifiers reflect the specific capability of the installation.

| Description                                     |
|-------------------------------------------------|
| Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear |
| Biological                                      |
| B                                               |
| Chemical                                        |
| C                                               |
| Nuclear                                         |
| N                                               |
| Radiological                                    |
| R                                               |
| Description    | Modifier    | Example    |
|----------------|-------------|------------|
| Description                    |
|--------------------------------|
| Training                       |
| TNG                            |
| Water treatment (purification) |
| PURE                           |

## Sector 2 Modifiers For Installations

6-3. Table 6-3 shows sector 2 modifiers. Sector 2 modifiers reflect the specific type of installation.

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This chapter discusses main icons and sector 1 modifiers for activities.

## Main Icons For Activities

7-1. Activities symbols are applicable across the range of military operations, but they normally focus on stability activities and defense support of civil authorities' activities. Activities can affect military operations. Activities represented by icons can include acts of terrorism, sabotage, organized crime, a disruption of the flow of vital resources, and the uncontrolled movement of large numbers of people. Many of these icons represent emergency first response activities used in the civilian community. Icons in the main sector reflect the main function of the symbol. Table 7-1 (on pages 7-1 through 7-5) shows the main icons for activities. Many of the icons in this chapter are also found in individuals and organizations (see chapter 4) and installations (see chapter 6). The icons in table 4-11 (on pages 4-31 through 4-32) have been omitted from table 7-1; however, all the icons in table 4-11 can be used to build activities icons.

| Function                                          |
|---------------------------------------------------|
| Arrest                                            |
| Change: The stick figure in the center of the     |
| arrest icon has been changed to reflect the       |
| individual icon.                                  |
| Attempted criminal activity against an individual |
| Attempted criminal activity against multiple      |
| individuals or an organization                    |
| Bombing                                           |
| BOMB                                              |
Demonstration
| Function                           | Icon    |
|------------------------------------|---------|
| Drug related activity (Illegal)    |         |
| DRUG                               |         |
| Election, voting, or polling place |         |
| VOTE                               |         |
| Emergency management operations    |         |
| Emergency medical operations       |         |
| Exfiltration                       |         |
| EXFL                               |         |
| Explosion                          |         |
| Dollars                            |         |
| Euros                              |         |
| Extortion                          |         |
| Pounds                             | Yuan    |
| Fire                               |         |
| Fire hot spot                      |         |
| Fire origin                        |         |
| Function                                       |
|------------------------------------------------|
| Graffiti                                       |
| Home or house                                  |
| Criminal activities victim                     |
| Change: Criminal activity victim icon uses the |
| vertical bounding octagon.                     |
| Criminal activity victims                      |
| Improvised explosive device activity           |
| IED                                            |
| Infiltration                                   |
| INFL                                           |
| Patrolling                                     |
| Poisoning                                      |
| Riot                                           |
| RIOT                                           |
| Black market                                   |
| BM                                             |
| Function      |
|---------------|
| Jail break    |
| Burglary      |
| BUR           |
| Robbery       |
| ROB           |
| Searching     |
| Shooting      |
| Sniping       |
| Spying        |
| SPY           |
| Theft         |
| THF           |
| Rock throwing |
| Function                                |
|-----------------------------------------|
| Smuggling                               |
| SMGL                                    |
| Sabotage                                |
| SAB                                     |
| Meeting                                 |
| MTG                                     |
| Military information support operations |
| School                                  |
| Unexploded ordnance                     |
| UXO                                     |
| Triage                                  |
| Warrant served                          |
| WNT                                     |

## Sector 1 Modifiers For Activities

7-2. Table 7-2 (on pages 7-6 through 7-10) shows sector 1 modifiers. Sector 1 modifiers reflect the specific type of activity.

| Activity            |
|---------------------|
| Assassination       |
| AS                  |
| Types of Killings   |
| Wrongful execution  |
| EX                  |
| Murder              |
| MU                  |
| Criminal Activities |
| Arson               |
| Activity    | Characteristic    | Modifier    | Example    |
|-------------|-------------------|-------------|------------|

## Sector 2 Modifiers For Activities

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## Chapter 8 Control Measure Symbols

This chapter discusses fundamentals; points, lines, and areas; and abbreviations and acronyms for use with control measure symbols.

## Fundamentals Of Control Measure Symbols

8-1. A control measure symbol is a graphic used on maps and displays to regulate forces and warfighting functions. Definitions of terms related to control measure symbols are provided in chapter 1. The control measure symbols in this chapter are organized by the six warfighting functions: mission command, movement and maneuver, fires, protection, sustainment, and intelligence. Also included are airspace control measures, which are a combination of movement and maneuver, fires, and protection. Control measure symbols generally fall into one of three categories: points, lines, or areas. The coloring and labeling of control measure symbols are almost identical to framed symbols.

8-2. The standard system in this chapter provides


A series of control measures symbols that follow standard formats and control measures symbols that follow standalone formats.

Corresponding control measures symbol coloring.

Proper labeling of control measures symbols.

Corresponding definitions to help add clarity in using these symbols.

## Composition Of Control Measure Symbols

8-3. Control measure symbols can be combined with other symbols, icons and amplifiers to display operational information (see figure 8-1). They do not follow the same building rules as the icon-based symbols but shall be built in accordance with the draw rules specified in the symbol tables.

## Standard Identity Coloring Control Measures

8-4. Friendly graphic control measures will be shown in black or blue when drawn manually or on a color computer-generated display. Hostile graphic control measures will be shown in red. If red is not available, they will be drawn in black with the abbreviation "ENY" placed on the graphic in at least two places. Obstacles as shown in this chapter (friendly, hostile, neutral, unknown or factional) will be drawn using the color green. If the color green is not available, obstacles should be drawn using black. The color yellow will be used for the hatching for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) contaminated areas.

## Control Measure Acronyms And Abbreviations

8-5. Acronyms and abbreviations shown in this chapter are for use with Army control measure symbols, and no acronyms or abbreviations other than those provided in this publication may be used. Acronyms or abbreviations become part of the military symbol language when approved for use as military symbols and are no longer considered an acronym or abbreviation when used within the military symbol construct. The acronyms and abbreviations in this chapter are considered symbols that are part of the military symbol lexicon.

## Labeling Control Measures

8-6. Make all text labeling in upper case letters. The reader should be able to read the labels for all text labels of modifier or amplifier fields for control measures symbols when the bottom of the overlay is closest to the reader. Labeling written on an angle should be readable to viewers so they do not have to turn their heads.

## Status

8-7. Status refers to whether a control measure exists at the location identified (status is "present") or will in the future reside at that location (status is "planned", "anticipated", "suspected", or "on order"). If a control measure is on order, the status code shall be specified "A - anticipated or planned" and field amplifier "W"
shall be present and specified "O/O". In general, linear control measures (including boundary lines) and area control measures shall be a solid line when indicating present status and a dashed line when indicating anticipated or planned status, as depicted in table 8-1. There are certain control measures such as counterattack which are drawn in the "present'" status with dashed lines.

| Boundary Line Graphics    |
|---------------------------|
| Point                     |
| Graphics                  |
| Present                   |
| position (P)              |
| Anticipated,              |
| planned,                  |
| suspected,                |
| or on order               |
| (A)                       |

## Amplifiers

8-8. An amplifier provides optional additional information about a tactical symbol. The field identification, field title, description, and maximum allowable display lengths of tactical symbol amplifiers are presented in table 8-2 on pages 8-3 through 8-4. An example of each amplifier (both text and graphic indicators) is included in figure 8-2 on page 8-4. Amplifiers can be defined as either static or dynamic:


Static amplifiers are amplifiers whose size and placement are fixed and remain constant.

Dynamic amplifiers are amplifiers whose size and placement are based on the attributes of an object and can change as these attributes and the scale of the background change.

| Field Title                                                                              | Description    |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------|
| Field                                                                                    |                |
| Identification                                                                           |                |
| A                                                                                        |                |
| Symbol                                                                                   |                |
| icon                                                                                     |                |
| The part of a symbol that represents a unit symbol, or object function                   |                |
| (modifier).                                                                              |                |
| B                                                                                        | Echelon        |
| C                                                                                        | Quantity       |
| Content is implementation specific.                                                      |                |
| H                                                                                        |                |
| Additional                                                                               |                |
| information                                                                              |                |
| The letters "ENY" denote hostile control measure symbols.                                |                |
| N                                                                                        |                |
| Hostile                                                                                  |                |
| (enemy)                                                                                  |                |
| Identifies the direction of movement or intended movement of an object.                  |                |
| Q                                                                                        |                |
| Direction of                                                                             |                |
| movement                                                                                 |                |
| indicator                                                                                |                |
| S                                                                                        |                |
| For points and chemical, biological and radiological (CBRN) events used                  |                |
| when placing an object away from its actual location.                                    |                |
| Offset                                                                                   |                |
| location                                                                                 |                |
| indicator                                                                                |                |
| Unique                                                                                   |                |
| designation                                                                              |                |
| T, T1                                                                                    |                |
| "T" is used to differentiate points by numbering, lettering or a combination             |                |
| of both. "T1" may be used to include the unit designation.                               |                |
| Notes.                                                                                   |                |
| 1. In some cases, this tactical symbol may require multiple instances of a "T" amplifier |                |
| to fully create or represent an object.                                                  |                |
| 2. "T1" may be used if field used displayed more than once in a tactical symbol.         |                |
| 3. The unnumbered fields should be filled before the numbered fields                     |                |
| V                                                                                        | Type           |
| Date and                                                                                 |                |
| time group                                                                               |                |
| (DTG)                                                                                    |                |
| W, W2                                                                                    |                |
| "W" identifies the start DTG, and can be displayed alone or in conjunction               |                |
| with "W2" to identify the projected DTG end date. The "W' represents an                  |                |
| alphanumeric designator for displaying a date-time group                                 |                |
| (DDHHMMSSZMONYYYY) or "O/O" for on order. When "W" and "W2" are                          |                |
| used in conjunction it identifies the time control measure is in effect. The             |                |
| date-time group is composed of a group of six numeric digits with a time                 |                |
| zone suffix and the standardized three-letter abbreviation for the month                 |                |
| followed by four digits. The first pair of digits represents the day; the                |                |
| second pair, the hour; the third pair, and the minutes. The last four digits             |                |
| after the month are the year. For automated systems, two digits may be                   |                |
| added before the time zone suffix and after the minutes to designate                     |                |
| seconds.                                                                                 |                |
| X                                                                                        |                |
| Altitude or                                                                              |                |
| depth                                                                                    |                |
| Displays the minimum, maximum or specific altitude (in feet or meters in                 |                |
| relation to a reference datum), flight level, or depth (for submerged objects            |                |
| in feet below sea level).                                                                |                |
| Y                                                                                        | Location       |
| AM                                                                                       |                |
| Distance                                                                                 |                |
| A numeric amplifier that displays a minimum, maximum, or specific                        |                |
| distance (range, radius, width, or length) in meters.                                    |                |
| AN                                                                                       |                |
| Azimuth                                                                                  |                |
| A numeric amplifier that displays an angle measured from true north to                   |                |
| any other line in degrees.                                                               |                |
| AP                                                                                       |                |
| Target                                                                                   |                |
| number                                                                                   |                |
| A six character text modifier used in fire support operations to uniquely                |                |
| designate targets where characters 1 and 2 are alphabetic, and                           |                |
| characters 3-6 are numeric (for example, AANNNN).                                        |                |
| Field Title                                                              | Description    |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------|
| Field                                                                    |                |
| Identification                                                           |                |
| Target                                                                   |                |
| number                                                                   |                |
| extension                                                                |                |
| APX                                                                      |                |
| A 2 or 3 character text amplifier. A target number extension is a        |                |
| sequentially assigned number identifying the individual elements in a    |                |
| target, where character 1 is a dash and characters 2 and 3 are numeric,  |                |
| from 1 through 15. It is applicable only to the "point or single target" |                |
| symbol, is conditional upon the presence of the target designator        |                |
| amplifier, and is visually displayed appended to the target number       |                |
| amplifier.                                                               |                |
| AS                                                                       | Country        |

Notes.

1. Column headings: P = points, L = lines, A = areas, BL = boundary lines, R/N = radiological or nuclear, B/C = biological or chemical. 2. Numeric entry indicates text amplifier. "G" indicates graphic amplifier. A dash (-) inside boxes indicates non-applicable. 3. Field W: D = day, H = hour, M = minute, S = second, Z = time zone suffix, MON = month and Y = year.

## Direction Of Movement Indicator

8-9. The direction of movement indicator is an arrow identifying the direction of movement of events. The arrow extends downward from the center of the icon and points in the direction of movement. The indicator is represented in field Q as defined in table 8-1 on page 8-2 and positioned as shown in figure 8-3.

## Echelon Indicator

8-10. The echelon indicator provides a graphic representation of command level and is used to show the element echelon on lines and areas. The indicator is represented in field Q as defined in table 8-1 on page 8-2 and positioned as shown in figure 8-3.

## Offset Location Indicator

8-11. The offset location indicator is used when placing an object away from its actual location. The indicator is a line extending downward from an appropriate anchor point on an icon. The actual location (field Y) is given in latitude and longitude. The indicator is positioned as shown in the top left box (points) of figure 8-2
and represented in field S in table 8-1 on page 8-2.

## Text Amplifier

8-12. Table 8-1 on page 8-2 defines the specific content, length and type of each text amplifier. Additional information is contained in field H, with the content of this field being implementation specific, provided the maximum number of characters in each field is not exceeded.

## Boundaries

8-13. In land warfare, a boundary is a line by which areas of responsibility between adjacent units or formations are defined. Boundaries are composed of


Lines.

The graphics for the highest echelon (field B) unit on lateral boundaries is used for the boundary line. The graphic for the lower echelon (field B) unit on a rear or forward boundary is used for the boundary line. (See table 8-2 on pages 8-3 and 8-4.) When units of the same echelon are adjacent
to each other, the abbreviated echelon designator (field T) can be omitted from the alphanumeric
designator. Table 8-32 on page 8-119 and table 8-33 on page 8-120 provide a list of abbreviations and acronyms to be used for field T.

Numerals, using Arabic numerals to show the numbers of units or Roman numerals to show the number of corps.

Three-letter geographical entity country codes (field AS) which are shown in parenthesis behind or below the unit designation when the boundary is between units of different countries.
8-14. Figure 8-4 provides a boundary composition template that includes orientation of field labels for horizontal (eastwest) and vertical (northsouth) boundaries.(See table 8-3 on pages 8-7 through 8-8 for depictions of boundary control measures.

| Control Measure                                                                                                |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Draw Rules                                                                                                     |
| Anchor points.                                                                                                 |
| Anchor points                                                                                                  |
|                                                                                                                |
| require at least two points, points 1 and 2, to define the line. Additional                                    |
| points can be defined to extend and shape the line.                                                            |
| Size and shape.                                                                                                |
| The first and last anchor points determine the length of the line. The line segment                            |
| between each pair of anchor points will repeat all information associated with the line segment between        |
| points 1 and 2.                                                                                                |
| Orientation.                                                                                                   |
| Orientation is determined by the anchor points.                                                                |
| Note.                                                                                                          |
| The symbols that have been colored gray are used to help explain how the control measure is used, but they are |
| not a part of the control measure. PT represents point.                                                        |
|                                                                                                                |
Boundary Type
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help explain how the control measure is used and are not a
part of the control measure.
boundary Forward boundary
Boundary Type
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help explain how the control measure is used and are not a
part of the control measure.
Rear boundary

## Points

8-16. In a number of tables in chapter 8 (including sustainment, special supply distribution, and CBRN
decontamination) there are point control measure symbols that follow a specific format as shown in figure 8-5.

8-17. Supply points follow this same format with a modification to the symbol. Supply points use the same icon used for supply units. The supply icon is placed toward the bottom of the box as shown in figure 8-4. The format in figure 8-4 is only used for point and supply point control measures. Other points such as contact, coordination, decision points, and targets are formatted differently. The point type is abbreviated and positioned in field A. For supply symbols this may be a graphic.

8-18. Below the abbreviation of the point name, the designation of the unit servicing that point can be included in field T. To differentiate points, they can be identified by a number, letter, or a number and letter combination in field T. Date-time groups can be associated with the point by using fields W and W1.

Additional information can be provided in field H. Point symbols cannot be rotated and therefore text will not be written on an angle. Figure 8-5 provides the template for point and supply point control measure symbols.

## Lines

8-19. In table 8-5, on pages 8-13 through 8-15, there are line control measures symbols that follow a specific format, as shown in figure 8-5.


Most lines are also named as a phase line for ease of reference in orders and during transmissions.

Lines that have a specific purpose and are also named as phase lines (such as restrictive fire line [RFL]) should have the primary purpose in the field T1 labeled on top of the line at both ends of the line inside the lateral boundaries or as often as necessary for clarity.

The designation of the controlling headquarters for fire support coordination measures is depicted in field T2.
The use of phase lines to mark line control measures symbols is not mandatory. Figure 8-6 provides the template for line control measures symbols.

## Areas

8-20. In table 8-5, on pages 8-13 through 8-15, there are area control measures symbols that follow a specific format, as shown in figure 8-6.

8-21. Areas will normally be marked with the abbreviation for the type of area in field A, followed by a name in field T. This labeling should be in the center of the area unless the area is too small or the labeling would interfere with the locating of units.

8-22. Not all fields are required for each area as some areas may use only one field, while others will use several. Figure 8-7 provides template for area control measures symbols.

## Area Of Operations

8-23. An area of operations is an operational area defined by a commander for land or maritime forces to conduct military activities. Normally, an area of operations does not encompass the entire operations area of a commander, but is sufficient in size for commanders to accomplish their missions and protect their forces.

8-24. Operational area is an overarching term encompassing more descriptive terms for geographic areas in which military operations are conducted. Table 8-5, on pages 8-13 through 8-15, lists area of operations control measures symbols.

Control Measure
Template
Draw Rules
Example
Note. The symbols that have been colored
gray are used to help explain how the control measure is used, but they are not a
part of the control measure.
Area of operations
This symbol requires at least three anchor points to define the boundary of the area. Add as many points as necessary to accurately
reflect the
area's size and
shape. The size and shape is determined by the anchor points. The information fields should be moveable and scalable as a block in the area. The orientation is not applicable. The figure is dynamic.
Named area
of interest Target area of interest
The figure accurately reflects the
area's size and
shape.
The size and shape are determined by the anchor points. The information fields should be moveable and scalable as a block in the area. The orientation is not applicable. The figure is dynamic.
Control Measure
Template
Draw Rules
Example
Note. The symbols that have been colored
gray are used to help explain how the control measure is used, but they are not a
part of the control measure.
Airfield zone
This symbol requires at least three anchor points to define the boundary of the area. Add as many points as necessary to accurately
reflect the
area's size and
shape. The size and shape are determined by the anchor points. The orientation is not applicable. The figure is dynamic.
Base camp
This symbol requires at least three anchor points to define the boundary of the area. Add as many points as necessary to accurately
reflect the
area's size and
shape. The size and shape is determined by the anchor points. The information fields should be moveable and scalable as a block in the area. The orientation is not applicable.
Control Measure
Template
Draw Rules
Example
Note. The symbols that have been colored
gray are used to help explain how the control measure is used, but they are not a
part of the control measure.
Guerrilla base
This symbol requires at least three anchor points to define the boundary of the area. Add as many points as necessary to accurately
reflect the
area's size and
shape. The size and size and shape are determined by the anchor points. The information fields should be moveable and scalable as a block in the area. The orientation is not applicable.

## Point Control Measures

8-25. The point control measure symbols are used in the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Table 8-6, on pages 8-16 through 8-22, lists the point control measures.

| Control Measure                         |
|-----------------------------------------|
| Note.                                   |
| Symbols colored gray are used to        |
| help explain how the control measure is |
| used and are not a part of the control  |
| measure.                                |
Template
Control Measure
Template

## Movement And Maneuver Control Measure Symbols

8-26. Movement and maneuver is the employment of forces on the battlefield through movement in combination with fire, or fire potential, to achieve a position of advantage in respect to the enemy to accomplish the mission. Table 8-7 on pages 8-23 through 8-29 lists movement and maneuver control measures symbols.

| Control Measure                             |
|---------------------------------------------|
| Note                                        |
| . PT represents point.                      |
| Example                                     |
| Note.                                       |
| Symbols colored gray are used to help       |
| explain how the control measure is used and |
| are not a part of the control measure.      |
A line which indicates the most forward positions of forces in any kind of military operation at a specific time.
Note. The open side of the arc reflects
the reported unit.
A general trace delineating the locations where two opposing forces are engaged. The line of contact symbol is created when both the friendly and enemy forward line of troops symbols are displayed.
Note. The open side of the arc reflects the
reported unit. A line utilized for control and coordination of military operations, usually a terrain feature extending across the zone of action.

## Defensive Movement And Maneuver Control Measures

8-27. Defensive operations defeat an enemy attack, buy time, economize forces, or develop conditions favorable for offensive operations. Table 8-8 on pages 8-30 through 8-31 lists defensive movement and maneuver control measures symbols.

## Observation Post Control Measures

8-28. Table 8-9, on pages 8-32 through 8-33, lists the observation post control measures.

Template
Note. PT represents point.
Control Measure
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
Target reference point
An easily recognizable point on the ground (either natural or man-made) used to initiate, distribute and control fires. Target reference points (TRPs) can also designate the center of an area where the commander plans to distribute or converge the fires of all his weapons rapidly. They are used by task force and below and can further delineate sectors of fire in an engagement area. TRPs are designated using the standard target symbol and numbers issued by the fire support officer. Once designated, TRPs also constitute indirect fire targets.

## Offensive Movement And Manuever Control Measures

8-29. Tables 8-10, 8-11, and 8-12 on pages 8-34 through 8-38 include those common offensive control measures commanders use to synchronize the effects of combat power.

## Axis Of Advance

8-30. An axis of advance designates the general area through which the bulk of a unit's combat power must move (ADRP 3-90).  Table 8-10 on pages 8-34 through 8-35 lists the axis of advance control measure symbols.

Template
Note. PT represents point.
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
or more of the following: a. deceive the enemy; b. destroy or pin down enemy forces which could interfere with the main attack; c. control ground whose occupation by the enemy will hinder the main attack; or d. force the enemy to commit reserves prematurely or in an indecisive area.

## Direction Of Attack Control Measures The Direction Of Attack Is A Restrictive Control Measure With A Specific Direction Or Assigned Route A Force Uses And Does Not Deviate From When Attacking (See Adrp 3-90). Table 8-11 On Page 8-36 Lists The Direction Of Attack Control Measure Symbols. Offensive Phase Lines And Areas

8-31. The offensive phase lines and areas control measures in table 8-12 (on pages 8-37 through 8-38) are used to identify closely coordinated phase lines and areas related to offensive actions.

## Airspace Control Measures

8-32. Airspace control measures are used to segregate, control, and reserve airspace for operations. Airspace control measures are also used to


Enhance the effectiveness of accomplishing the commander's objectives.

Prevent mutual interference.

Facilitate air defense identification.

Prevent fratricide.

Help in safely accommodating the flow of all air traffic in the area of operations.

Template
Note. PT represents point.
Measure
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
Template
Note. PT represents point.
Example

## Maritime Control Measures

8-33. The U.S. Army has sustainment maritime vessels that use maritime control measures to direct actions by establishing responsibilities, preventing ships, units, or aircraft from impeding one another, and imposing necessary coordination. Maritime control measures aid in the cooperation among forces without imposing needless restrictions on their freedom of action. In general terms, maritime control measures can be broken down into three groups: points, lines, and areas. Table 8-14 on pages 8-49 through 8-57 lists maritime control measures symbols.

Template
Note. PT represents point.
Control Measure
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
Template
Note. PT represents point.
Control Measure
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
Template
Note. PT represents point.
Control Measure
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
Bearing line, acoustic
Note. H field may contain the following identifiers:
L3-ACT - Light airborne multi-purpose system (LAMPS), active L3-pHELO - LAMPS, helicopter, passive L3-pSHIP - LAMPS, ship, passive L3-OSC - LAMPS, operator specified contact, passive L3-ATT - LAMPS, acoustic target track, passive
Bearing line, acoustic (ambiguous)
Note. H field may contain the following identifiers:
L3-ACT - LAMPS, active L3-pHELO - LAMPS, helicopter, passive
L3-pSHIP - LAMPS, ship, passive L3-OSC - LAMPS, operator specified contact, passive L3-ATT - LAMPS, acoustic target track, passive
Bearing line, torpedo

## Military Deception Control Measures

Note. The decoy, dummy, feint, or phony icon is added to another symbol, such as equipment, installations or control measures to form the decoy, dummy, feint, or phony symbol.

## Fire Support Coordination Control Measures

8-35. Fire support coordination measures are measures employed by land or amphibious commanders to facilitate the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Fire support coordination control measures should be labeled with the abbreviation of the control measures, the controlling headquarters (field T), and the effective times (fields W and W1). Lines should have this labeling on both ends of the line and repeated as often as necessary for clarity along any line that passes through many boundaries. Table 8-16 on pages 8-60 through 8-64 lists fire support coordination control measures symbols.

Template
Note. PT represents point.
Control Measure
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
Coordinated fire line No fire line Battlefield coordination line Restrictive fire line
A line established between converging friendly forces (one or both may be moving) that prohibits all fire or effects from fires across the line without coordination with the affected force.
Munition flight path
Note 1. MFP shall be displayed once at the approximate center of the overall length of the munition
flight path.
Note 2. The munition flight path begins at a weapons system or surface-to-surface fires unit and
terminates at a target.
Note 3. The effective date-time group of the munition flight path is the shot or launch time of the
projectile. The expiration date-time group of the munition flight path is the splash or time of impact of the projectile. Date-time groups are not required to be displayed. If the date-time group is displayed, it shall be displayed one time mid-way between point 1 and mid-point of the graphic.
Note 4. The three-dimensional display of a munition flight path requires a height value for each anchor
point.

## Target Control Measures

8-36. 1. A target is the object of a particular action, for example a geographic area, a complex, an installation, a force, equipment, an individual, a group or a system, planned for capture, exploitation, neutralization or destruction by military forces. Table 8-17 on pages 8-65 through 8-70 lists target control measures symbols.

## Target Acquisition Control Measures

8-37. Target acquisition is the detection, identification, and location of a target in sufficient detail to permit the effective employment of weapons. Table 8-18 on pages 8-71 through 8-77 lists target acquisition control measures symbols.

Note. PT represents point.

## Force Protection Control Measures

8-38. An obstacle is a natural or man-made restriction to movement which will impose delay and which will normally require specific equipment or munitions to overcome. Table 8-19 on pages 8-78 through 8-90 lists obstacle control measures symbols.

Template
Note. PT represents point.
Control Measure
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
Template
Note. PT represents point.
Control Measure
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to
help explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control
measure.
Planned Explosives, state of readiness 1 (safe) Explosives, state of readiness 2 (armed but passable)
Roadblock complete (executed) Abatis

8-39. A field fortification is an emplacement or shelter of a temporary nature which can be constructed with reasonable facility by units requiring no more than minor engineer supervisory and equipment participation.

## Cbrn Events Control Measures

8-40. Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear events control measures symbols depict those conditions found in an area resulting from immediate or persisting effects of chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) attacks or events. Table 8-21 lists CBRN events control measures symbols.

Control Measure
Template
Control Measure
Template
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
Radiological event
Control Measure
Template
Biological contaminated area Chemical contaminated area Nuclear contaminated area Radiological contaminated area
Minimum safe distance zone
Control Measure
Template
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
General decontamination point or site Alternate decontamination point or site Equipment decontamination point or site
Troop decontamination point or site
Control
Measure
Template
Forward troop decontamination point or site personnel decontamination site

## Sustainment Control Measures

8-43. Sustainment is the provision of logistics and personnel services required to maintain and prolong operations until successful mission accomplishment. Table 8-24 on pages 8-99 through 8-104 lists sustainment point control measures symbols.

Control Measure
Template
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
Enemy prisoner of war collection point
A specific location where enemy prisoners of war are assembled to be transported to another location.
Logistics release point Maintenance collection point
A point established to collect equipment awaiting repair, controlled exchange, cannibalization, or evacuation. It may be operated by the user or by the direct support maintenance units.
Medical evacuation pickup point

8-44. Sustainment control measures are points, areas, or routes used to support and maintain operations until successful mission completion:

## Point Sustainment Control Measures

8-45. Sustainment distribution points follow the format as shown in table 8-24 with a modification to the symbol. As with the symbol for supply units, there is an additional line placed toward the bottom of the box. When building points, the name or type of the point is abbreviated and positioned inside the top part of the point symbol in field "A". For some supply symbols this may be a graphic icon. Table 8-25, on pages 8-105
through 8-109, lists sustainment distribution point control measures symbols.

Control Measure
Template
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
General supply point North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Class I
Those items which are consumed by personnel or animals at the approximately uniform rate, irrespective of local changes in combat or terrain conditions.
NATO Class II
Supplies for which allowances are established by tables of organization and equipment.
NATO Class III
Fuels and lubricants for all purposes, except for operating aircraft or for use in weapons such as flame throwers.
Control Measure
Template
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
NATO Class IV
Supplies for which initial issue allowances are not prescribed by approved issue tables.
NATO Class V
Ammunition, explosives, and chemical agents of all types.
NATO multiple supply class point.
Note. Use supply class numbers (I, II, III, IV and V) for A field or ALL for all classes of supply.
U.S. Class I
Control Measure
Template
Control Measure
Template
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
U.S. Class VI U.S. Class VII U.S. Class VIII
U.S. Class IX

## Area Sustainment Control Measures

8-46. Sustainment areas consist of temporary and semi-temporary holding and support areas. Holding areas are established when enemy prisoner of war, detainee, or refugee personnel requirements develop. Support areas are established to support units located in or passing though their assigned areas. Table 8-26 on pages 8-110 through 8-111 lists sustainment area control measures symbols.

## Route Sustainment Control Measures

8-47. Routes consist of main supply routes and alternate supply routes. Main supply routes are the operational area designated routes that the bulk of traffic flows on to support military operations. Alternate supply routes are the designated routes to use if or when main supply routes become disabled or congested. Table 8-27 on pages 8-112 through 8-113 lists sustainment route control measures.

Template
Note. PT represents point.
Control Measure
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
Supply Route
Main supply route Main supply route, one-way traffic Main supply route, two-way traffic Main supply route, alternating traffic
Alternate supply route, one-way traffic

## Convoy Control Measures

8-48. A convoy is a group of vehicles organized for the purpose of control and orderly movement with or without escort protection. Table 8-28 lists convoy control measures symbols.

## The Intelligence Control Measure

8-49. The intelligence control measure symbol supports the planning, execution, and acquisition of timely, tailored, and accurate intelligence in relation to the commander's mission. Table 8-29 on page 8-114 lists the intelligence control measure symbol.

Control Measure
Template
Example
Note. Symbols colored gray are used to help
explain how the control measure is used and are not a part of the control measure.
Draw Rules
This symbol requires at least two anchor points, points 1 and 2, to define the line. Additional points can be defined to extend the line. The first and last anchor points determine the length of the line. The end-of line information will typically be posted at the ends of the line as it is displayed on the screen. The orientation is determined by the order in which the anchor points are entered. This symbol is dynamic.
Intelligence
coordination line

## Control Measure Sector 1 Modifiers

8-50. The sector 1 modifiers for control measures currently have mobility and minefield sector 1 modifiers that can only be used with a specific control measure.

## Mobility Sector 1 Modifiers

8-51. Mobility sector 1 modifiers can be used in the "limited access area" to identify mobility limitations in a specific area. Table 8-30 provides mobility sector 1 modifiers that can be used in the "limited access area" control measure symbol.

## Minefield Sector 1 Modifiers

| Description                      |
|----------------------------------|
| Unspecified                      |
| Antipersonnel mine               |
| Antipersonnel mine with          |
| directional effects              |
| Antitank mine                    |
| Antitank mine with antihandling  |
| device                           |
| Antitank mine with antihandling  |
| device                           |
| Wide area antitank mine          |
| Mine cluster                     |
| Antipersonnel mine and           |
| antipersonnel mine with          |
| directional effects              |
| Antipersonnel mine and antitank  |
| mine                             |
| Antipersonnel mine and antitank  |
| mine with antihandling device    |
| Antipersonnel mine and wide      |
| area antitank mine               |
| Antipersonnel mine and mine      |
| cluster                          |
| Antipersonnel mine with          |
| directional effects and antitank |
| mine                             |
| Description                        |
|------------------------------------|
| Antipersonnel mine with            |
| directional effects and antitank   |
| mine with antihandling device      |
| Antipersonnel mine with            |
| directional effects and wide area  |
| antitank mine                      |
| Antipersonnel mine with            |
| directional effects and mine       |
| cluster                            |
| Antitank mine and antitank mine    |
| with antihandling device           |
| Antitank mine and wide area        |
| antitank mine                      |
| Antitank mine and mine cluster     |
| Antitank mine with antihandling    |
| device and wide area antitank      |
| mine                               |
| Antitank mine with antihandling    |
| device and mine cluster            |
| Wide area antitank mine and        |
| mine cluster                       |
| Antipersonnel mine,                |
| antipersonnel mine with            |
| directional effects, and antitank  |
| mine                               |
| Antipersonnel mine,                |
| antipersonnel mine with            |
| directional effects, and antitank  |
| mine with antihandling device      |
| Antipersonnel mine,                |
| antipersonnel mine with            |
| directional effects, and wide area |
| antitank mine                      |
| Antipersonnel mine,                |
| antipersonnel mine with            |
| directional effects, and mine      |
| cluster                            |
| Antipersonnel mine, antitank       |
| mine, and antitank mine with       |
| antihandling device                |
| Antipersonnel mine, antitank       |
| mine, and wide area antitank       |
| mine                               |
| Description                         |
|-------------------------------------|
| Antipersonnel mine, antitank        |
| mine, and mine cluster              |
| Antipersonnel mine, antitank        |
| mine with antihandling device,      |
| and wide area antitank mine         |
| Antipersonnel mine, antitank        |
| mine with antihandling device,      |
| and mine cluster                    |
| Antipersonnel mine, wide area       |
| antitank mine, and mine cluster     |
| Antipersonnel mine with             |
| directional effects, antitank mine, |
| and antitank mine with              |
| antihandling device                 |
| Antipersonnel mine with             |
| directional effects, antitank mine, |
| and wide area antitank mine         |
| Antipersonnel mine with             |
| directional effects, antitank mine, |
| and mine cluster                    |
| Antipersonnel mine with             |
| directional effects, antitank mine  |
| with antihandling device, and       |
| wide area antitank mine             |
| Antipersonnel mine with             |
| directional effects, antitank mine  |
| with antihandling device, and       |
| mine cluster                        |
| Antipersonnel mine with             |
| directional effects, wide area      |
| antitank mine, and mine cluster     |

## Control Measure Abbreviations And Acronyms

8-53. Table 8-32 provides a list of abbreviations and acronyms for echelons and functional organizations to be used with boundaries.

| Echelon                                                                                                | Abbreviation or Acronym           | Examples                |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------|
| Note.                                                                                                  |                                   |                         |
| Any unit identification can be                                                                         |                                   |                         |
| followed by a 3-letter country code in                                                                 |                                   |                         |
| parentheses.                                                                                           |                                   |                         |
| Army group                                                                                             | AG                                | 1AG                     |
| Army                                                                                                   | A                                 | 3A                      |
| Corps                                                                                                  | Does not require an abbreviation. | II (Use Roman numerals) |
| Marine expeditionary                                                                                   |                                   |                         |
| force                                                                                                  |                                   |                         |
| MEF                                                                                                    | III MEF (Use Roman numerals)      |                         |
| Marine air-ground task                                                                                 |                                   |                         |
| force                                                                                                  |                                   |                         |
| MAGTF                                                                                                  | 4MAGTF                            |                         |
| Division                                                                                               | DIV                               | 1DIV                    |
| Air assault division                                                                                   | AAD                               | 101AAD                  |
| Airborne division                                                                                      | ABD                               | 6ABD                    |
| Armored division                                                                                       | AD                                | 2AD                     |
| Cavalry division                                                                                       | CD                                | 1CD                     |
| Infantry division                                                                                      | ID                                | 52ID                    |
| Marine division                                                                                        | MARD                              | 1MARD                   |
| Mechanized division                                                                                    | MD                                | 4MD                     |
| Mountain division                                                                                      | MTND                              | 10MTND                  |
| Multinational division                                                                                 | MND                               | 1MND                    |
| Note                                                                                                   |                                   |                         |
| . Multinational divisions may use geographical references in parenthesis.                              |                                   |                         |
| Brigade                                                                                                | BDE                               | 2BDE                    |
| Air assault brigade                                                                                    | AAB                               | 8AAB                    |
| Airborne brigade                                                                                       | ABB                               | 3ABB                    |
| Maneuver enhancement                                                                                   |                                   |                         |
| brigade                                                                                                |                                   |                         |
| MEB                                                                                                    | 67MEB                             |                         |
| Multinational brigade                                                                                  | MNB                               | 2MNB                    |
| Naval infantry brigade                                                                                 | NIB                               | 4NIB                    |
| Regiment                                                                                               | REGT                              | 21REGT                  |
| Airborne Regiment                                                                                      | ABR                               | 901ABR                  |
| Marine expeditionary unit                                                                              | MEU                               | 3MEU                    |
| Group                                                                                                  | GP                                | 41GP                    |
| Battle group                                                                                           | BG                                | 5BG                     |
| Battalion                                                                                              | BN                                | 7BN                     |
| Company                                                                                                | COY                               | ACOY or 2COY            |
| Platoon                                                                                                | PLT                               | 2PLT                    |
| Team                                                                                                   | TM                                | BTM                     |
| 8-54.                                                                                                  |                                   |                         |
|                                                                                                        |                                   |                         |
| Table 8-33, on page 8-120, provides a list of abbreviations and acronyms for unit functions to be used |                                   |                         |
| with control measures.                                                                                 |                                   |                         |
| Function                                       | Abbreviations or Acronyms    |
|------------------------------------------------|------------------------------|
| Air defense                                    | ADA                          |
| Antitank or anti-armor                         | AT                           |
| Armor                                          | AR                           |
| Aviation                                       | AVN                          |
| Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear | CB                           |
| Civil affairs                                  | CA                           |
| Combined arms                                  | CAR                          |
| Counterintelligence                            | CI                           |
| Electronic warfare                             | EW                           |
| Engineer                                       | EN                           |
| Explosive ordnance disposal                    | EOD                          |
| Field artillery                                | FA                           |
| Infantry                                       | FA                           |
| Logistics                                      | LOG                          |
| Maintenance                                    | MNT                          |
| Medical                                        | MED                          |
| Military intelligence                          | MI                           |
| Military police                                | MP                           |
| Naval                                          | NAV                          |
| Ordnance                                       | ORD                          |
| Quartermaster                                  | QM                           |
| Reconnaissance                                 | REC                          |
| Signal                                         | SIG                          |
| Special forces                                 | SF                           |
| Special operations force                       | SOF                          |
| Surveillance                                   | SUR                          |
| Sustainment                                    | SUST                         |
| Transportation                                 | TPT                          |

## Chapter 9 Tactical Mission Tasks

This chapter provides symbols for tactical mission tasks, enabling tasks, and retrograde tasks.

## Tactical Mission Tasks Defined

9-1. A task is a clearly defined and measurable activity accomplished by individuals or organizations. A
tactical mission task is a specific activity performed by a unit while executing a form of tactical operation or form of maneuver. A tactical mission task may be expressed as either an action by a friendly force or an effect on an enemy force (FM 3-90-1). The tactical mission tasks describe the results or effects the commanders want to achieve.

## Symbols For Tactical Mission Tasks

9-2. Table 9-1 on pages 9-2 through 9-3 shows the tactical mission tasks that have symbols. Not all tactical mission tasks have symbols. All of the tactical mission tasks shown in table 9-1 are defined in chapter 1.

Some tactical mission task symbols will include unit symbols, and the tactical mission task "delay until a specified time" will use an amplifier. However, no modifiers are used with tactical mission task symbols.

Tactical mission task symbols are used in course of action sketches, synchronization matrices, and maneuver sketches. They do not replace any part of the operation order. Tactical mission task symbols are sized to accommodate the scale of the display or map being used. Where practical, the tactical mission task symbol connects with the task organization composition symbol centered of the left or right side of the symbol or at the center of the bottom of the symbol, depending on the orientation of the symbols. Figure 9-1 (on page 9-4) shows examples of tactical mission task symbols connected to task organization composition symbols.

| Task                                                    | Symbol    |
|---------------------------------------------------------|-----------|
| Note.                                                   |           |
| The friendly or hostile frame (gray) is not part of the |           |
| symbol; it is for orientation only.                     |           |
| Attack by fire                                          |           |
| Breach                                                  |           |
| Bypass                                                  |           |
| Canalize                                                |           |
| Clear                                                   |           |
| Contain                                                 |           |
| Defeat                                                  | No symbol |
| Destroy                                                 |           |
| Disengage                                               |           |
| Disrupt                                                 |           |
| Fix                                                     |           |
| Follow and assume                                       |           |
| Task                                                    | Symbol    |
|---------------------------------------------------------|-----------|
| Note.                                                   |           |
| The friendly or hostile frame (gray) is not part of the |           |
| symbol; it is for orientation only.                     |           |
| Follow and support                                      |           |
| Interdict                                               |           |
| Isolate                                                 |           |
| Neutralize                                              |           |
| Occupy                                                  |           |
| Reduce                                                  | No symbol |
| Retain                                                  |           |
| Secure                                                  |           |
| Seize                                                   |           |
| Support by fire                                         |           |
| Suppress                                                |           |
| Turn                                                    |           |

## Symbols For Tactical Enabling Tasks

9-3. Table 9-2 shows the tactical enabling task symbols described in ADRP 3-90 and FM 3-90-2. Tactical enabling tasks support the conduct of operations and include reconnaissance, security, troop movement, relief in place, passage of lines, and encirclement operations.

9-4. Reconnaissance operations include five formsroute, zone, area, reconnaissance in force, and special reconnaissance. Examples of control measures for these forms of reconnaissance are provided in FM 3-90-2.

9-5. Security operations encompass five tasksscreen, guard, cover, area security, and local security.

Screen, guard, and cover security tasks, respectively, contain increasing levels of combat power and provide increasing levels of security for the main body.

9-6. Relief in place operations are those in which, by direction of higher authority, all or part of a unit is replaced in an area by the incoming unit and the responsibilities of the replaced elements for the mission and the assigned zone of operations are transferred to the incoming unit. More specific control measures are provided in FM 3-90-2.

9-7. Passage of lines is an operation in which a force moves forward or rearward through another force's combat positions with the intention of moving into or out of contact with the enemy. A passage may be designated as a forward or rearward passage of lines. More specific control measures are provided in FM 3-90-2.

## Symbols For Retrograde Tasks

9-8. Table 9-3 on page 9-6 shows the tactical retrograde task symbols. The tactical retrograde tasks are described in ADRP 3-90 and FM 3-90-1.

9-9. Retrograde tasks usually involve a combination of delay, withdrawal, and retirement operations.

Retrograde is a defensive task that involves organized movement away from the enemy. The three forms of the retrograde are delay, withdrawal, and retirement.

9-10. Retrograde movement is any movement of a command to the rear, or away from the enemy. It may be forced by the enemy or may be made voluntarily. Such movements may be classified as withdrawal, retirement, or delaying actions. Specific symbols for retrograde tasks of delay, withdrawal, and retirement are provided in table 9-3 on page 9-6. Additional control measure examples are provided in FM 3-90-1.

| Task                                                    |
|---------------------------------------------------------|
| Note.                                                   |
| The friendly or hostile frame (gray) is not part of the |
| symbol; it is for orientation only.                     |
| Delay                                                   |
| Delay (until a specific time)                           |
| Note.                                                   |
| "W" identifies the start date-time group, and           |
| can be displayed alone or in conjunction with "W2"      |
| to identify the projected date-time group end date.     |
| See table 8-1 on page 8-2.                              |
| Retirement                                              |
| Withdraw                                                |
| Withdraw under pressure                                 |

## Symbols For Special Purpose Attacks

9-11. Table 9-4 shows the subordinate attack task symbols described in FM 3-90-1 as special purpose attacks.

Subordinate attack tasks share many of the planning, preparation, and execution considerations of the attack. Demonstrations and feints, while forms of attack, are also associated with the conduct of military deception operations. (See JP 3-13 for more information.)

| Task                                                    | Symbol           |
|---------------------------------------------------------|------------------|
| Note.                                                   |                  |
| The friendly or hostile frame (gray) is not part of the |                  |
| symbol; it is for orientation only.                     |                  |
| Ambush                                                  |                  |
| Counterattack                                           |                  |
| Note.                                                   |                  |
| The dashed lines in this graphic shall be displayed     |                  |
| in present and anticipated status.                      |                  |
| Demonstration                                           |                  |
| Feint                                                   |                  |
| Raid                                                    | No unique symbol |
| Spoiling attack                                         | No unique symbol |

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## Chapter 10 Course Of Action Sketch

This chapter discusses the purpose and makeup of a course of action sketch.

## Purpose Of Course Of Action Sketch

10-1. A *course of action* is a scheme developed to accomplish a mission (JP 5-0). It constitutes a broad potential solution to an identified problem. Developing, comparing, analyzing, and deciding on a course of action is central to planning. The staff prepares a course of action statement and supporting sketch for each course of action under consideration. A course of action statement clearly describes how the unit will accomplish the mission. The course of action statement should be a brief expression of how the combined arms concept will be conducted. The course of action sketch is the graphic portrayal of the course of action statement. (See FM 6-0 for a detailed discussion of the military decisionmaking process, including course of action development.)

## Makeup Of Course Of Action Sketch

10-2. The course of action sketch provides a picture of the movement and maneuver aspects of the concept, including the positioning of forces. The course of action sketch becomes the basis for the operation overlay. At a minimum, the course of action sketch includes the array of generic forces and control measures, such as


Unit and subordinate unit boundaries.

Unit movement formations (but not subordinate unit formations).

Line of departure, or line of contact and phase lines, if used.

Reconnaissance and security graphics.

Ground and air axes of advance.

Assembly areas, battle positions, strong points, engagement areas, and objectives.

Obstacle control measures and tactical mission graphics.

Fire support coordination and airspace control measures.

Main effort.

Location of command posts and critical information systems nodes.

Enemy locations, known or templated.

Population concentrations.
Most symbols for use on the course of action sketch are shown in chapters 4 through 9. However, the unit symbols do not provide decision makers with a quick and easy method of portraying detailed information relating to task organization composition or combat effectiveness. Task organization composition symbols portray detailed information for course of action sketches.

## Task Organization Composition Symbols

10-3. Part of course of action development includes determining relative combat power and arraying forces to accomplish the primary tasks envisioned during action. After arraying forces, planners then group these forces underneath a generic headquarters representing the initial task organization. The initial task organization for each generic unit is portrayed in a task organization composition symbol.

10-4. Task organization composition symbols are constructed using a rectangular frame, icons, and amplifiers. Figure 10-1 depicts icon and amplifier fields. The icons and amplifiers have specific field placement guidelines that follow current military symbol standards:


Field A is used to depict subordinate unit icons using the task organization icons in table 10-1.
While there are four icons shown in table 10-1, there is no limitation as to the number of icons in
a row or number of rows. If needed, the first line of field A can be reserved to identify only those units that have been attached (+), or detached (-), and for units that are one or more echelons lower than the other designated units.

Field B is used to identify the echelon level of the headquarters. See chapter 4, paragraph 4-4 and table 4-7 on page 4-26 for echelon amplifiers.

Field D denotes task force. See chapter 4, paragraph 4-5 and table 4-8 on page 4-27.

Field H is available for including a generic alphanumeric designation of the organization.

Field K is available for including the combat effectiveness using the icons in table 10-2 on page
10-4.

## Task Organization Icons

10-5. In all cases, task organization icons are the same as unit icons and amplifiers. Table 10-1 shows the most commonly used icons and modifiers in their appropriate configurations.

| Function                          |
|-----------------------------------|
| Air assault infantry              |
| Airborne infantry                 |
| Air defense                       |
| Air reconnaissance (cavalry)      |
| Antitank                          |
| Armor                             |
| Armored reconnaissance (cavalry)  |
| Note.                             |
| Reconnaissance (cavalry) unit     |
| that is both armored and tracked) |
| Assault or lift helicopter        |
| Attack helicopter                 |
| Combined arms                     |
| Engineer                          |
| Field artillery                   |
| Infantry                          |
| Mechanized infantry               |
| Note                              |
| . Infantry unit that is both      |
| armored and tracked.              |
| Medium infantry (Stryker)         |
| Mountain infantry                 |
| Reconnaissance (cavalry or scout) |

## Combat Effectiveness Icons

10-6. During course of action analysis and war gaming, the staff can track the combat effectiveness of units using combat effectiveness icons in task organization composition symbols. Combat effectiveness refers to the ability of a unit to perform its mission. Factors such as ammunition, personnel, status of fuel, and weapon systems availability are assessed and rated. Commanders use this information to provide a net assessment of the unit's ability to perform its mission. This assessment can then be expressed graphically using combat effectiveness icons. Table 10-2 (on page 10-4) shows two sets of combat effectiveness icons, which may be also used with task organization composition symbols.

10-7. Table 10-2 (on page 10-4) depicts combat effectiveness icons for the overall combat rating of the unit in the center column. Table 10-2 specifies combat effectiveness icons for the status of selected items of interest in the right column. The four selected items shown in the right column are ammunition; weapons; petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL); and personnel. Standard operating procedures will specify the items of interest to be reported. Commanders may add to this list for internal reporting and tracking.

| Effectiveness Pie Charts      |
|-------------------------------|
| Commander's Assessment of     |
| Unit's Ability to Perform its |
| Mission                       |
| No problems in any area       |
| Some problems in personnel    |

## Example Of A Task Organization Composition Symbol References

All URLs accessed on 26 July 2018.

## Required Publications

These documents must be available to intended users of this publication.

DOD *Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms*. June 2018.

MIL-STD 2525D. Department of Defense Interface Standard *Joint Military Symbology*. 10 June 2014.

Available at www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/Other_Pubs/ms_2525d.pdf.

## Related Publications

These documents contain relevant supplemental information.

## International Standardization Agreements

Most North Atlantic Treaty Organization publications are available at http://nso.nato.int/nso/.
STANAG 1059 (ED. 8). *Letter Codes for Geographical Entities*. 1 April 2004.

STANAG 1241 (ED. 5). *NATO Standard Identity Description Structure for Tactical Use*. 7 April 2005. STANAG 2019 (ED. 7)/APP 6(D). NATO *Joint Military Symbology*. 16 October 2017. STANAG 3680 (ED. 5)/AAP 6 (2017) (2). NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions (English and French). 7 February 2018.

## Department Of Defense And Joint Publications

Most Department of Defense publications are available online at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/.

Most joint publications are available online at http://www.jcs.mil/doctrine. CJCS Manuals are available online at: http://www.jcs.mil/Library/CJCS-Manuals/.

CJCS CM-0007-05. Global Defense Posture Terminology for Joint Publication (JP) 1-02,
"Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms." 11 October 2005.

(Available on SIPR.)

CJCSM 3122.01A. J3, Joint Operation Planning and Execution (JOPES) Volume I (Planning Policies
and Procedures). 29 September 2006. Available online at
https://jsportal.sp.pentagon.mil/sites/Matrix/DEL/CJCSJS%20Directives%20Limited/CJCSM %203122.01A.pdf.
CJCSM 5120.01A. *Joint Doctrine Development Process*. 29 December 2014.
CJCSI 5120.02D. *Joint Doctrine Development System*. 5 January 2015.

DODD 2310.01E. *DoD Detainee Program*. 19 August 2014.

DODD 3025.18. *Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA)*. 29 December 2010. DODI 8500.01. *Cybersecurity*. 14 March 2014. JP 1. *Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States*. 25 March 2013. JP 1-0. *Joint Personnel Support*. 31 May 2016. JP 1-04. *Legal Support to Military Operations*. 2 August 2016. JP 1-06. *Financial Management in Joint Operations*. 11 January 2016.

JP 2-0. *Joint Intelligence*. 22 October 2013. JP 2-01. *Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations*. 5 July 2017.

## References

JP 2-01.2. *(U) Counterintelligence and Human Intelligence in Joint Operations (C)*. 6 April 2016.

JP 2-01.3. *Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment*. 21 May 2014. JP 2-03. *Geospatial Intelligence in Joint Operations*. 5 July 2017. JP 3-0. *Joint Operations*. 17 January 2017.

JP 3-01. *Countering Air and Missile Threats*. 21 April 2017.

JP 3-02. *Amphibious Operations*. 18 July 2014. JP 3-02.1. *Amphibious Embarkation and Debarkation*. 25 November 2014. JP 3-03. *Joint Interdiction*. 9 September 2016.

JP 3-04. *Joint Shipboard Helicopter and Tiltrotor Aircraft Operations*. 6 December 2012.

JP 3-05. *Special Operations*. 16 July 2014.

JP 3-06. *Joint Urban Operations*. 20 November 2013.

JP 3-07. *Stability*. 3 August 2016. JP 3-07.2. *Antiterrorism*. 14 March 2014.

JP 3-07.3. *Peace Operations*. 1 March 2018.

JP 3-07.4. Joint *Counterdrug Operations*. 14 August 2013. JP 3-08. *Interorganizational Cooperation*. 12 October 2016.

JP 3-09. *Joint Fire Support*. 12 December 2014. JP 3-09.3. *Close Air Support*. 25 November 2014. JP 3-10. *Joint Security Operations in Theater*. 13 November 2014. JP 3-11. *Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments*. 4 October
2013.

JP 3-12. *Cyberspace Operations*. 8 June 2018. JP 3-13. *Information Operations*. 27 November 2012. JP 3-13.1. *Electronic Warfare*. 8 February 2012.
JP 3-13.2. *Military Information Support Operations*. 21 November 2014.
JP 3-13.3. *Operations Security*. 6 January 2016. JP 3-13.4. *Military Deception*. 14 February 2017. JP 3-14. *Space Operations*. 10 April 2018.
JP 3-15. *Barriers, Obstacles, and Mine Warfare for Joint Operations*. 6 September 2016.
JP 3-15.1. *Counter-Improvised Explosive Device Operations*. 6 January 2018.
JP 3-16. *Multinational Operations*. 16 July 2013.
JP 3-17. *Air Mobility Operations*. 30 September 2013. JP 3-18. *Joint Forcible Entry Operations*. 11 May 2017. JP 3-22. *Foreign Internal Defense*. 12 July 2010. JP 3-24. *Counterinsurgency*. 25 April 2018.
JP 3-26. *Counterterrorism*. 24 October 2014.
JP 3-27. *Homeland Defense*. 10 April 2018. JP 3-28. *Defense Support of Civil Authorities*. 31 July 2013. JP 3-29. *Foreign Humanitarian Assistance*. 3 January 2014.
JP 3-30. *Command and Control of Joint Air Operations*. 10 February 2014. JP 3-31. *Command and Control for Joint Land Operations*. 24 February 2014. JP 3-33. *Joint Task Force Headquarters*. 31 January 2018. JP 3-34. *Joint Engineer Operations*. 6 January 2016. JP 3-35. *Deployment and Redeployment Operations*. 10 January 2018.
JP 3-40. *Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction*. 31 October 2014.
JP 3-41. *Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response*. 9 September 2016.

JP 3-50. *Personnel Recovery*. 2 October 2015. JP 3-52. *Joint Airspace Control*. 13 November 2014.

JP 3-57. *Civil-Military Operations*. 9 July 2018.

JP 3-59. *Meteorological and Oceanographic Operations*. 10 January 2018.

JP 3-60. *Joint Targeting*. 31 January 2013.

JP 3-61. *Public Affairs*. 17 November 2015.

JP 3-63. *Detainee Operations*. 13 November 2014.
JP 3-68. *Noncombatant Evacuation Operations*. 18 November 2015. JP 4-0. *Joint Logistics*. 16 October 2013. JP 4-01. *The Defense Transportation System*. 18 July 2017. JP 4-01.2. *Sealift Support to Joint Operations*. 29 December 2015. JP 4-01.5. *Joint Terminal Operations*. 2 November 2015. JP 4-01.6. *Joint Logistics Over-the-Shore*. 3 February 2017.

JP 4-02. *Joint Health Services*. 11 December 2017.

JP 4-03. *Joint Bulk Petroleum and Water Doctrine*. 11 January 2016.

JP 4-05. *Joint Mobilization Planning*. 21 February 2014. JP 4-06. *Mortuary Affairs*. 12 October 2011.

JP 4-08. *Logistics in Support of Multinational Operations*. 5 July 2017.
JP 4-09. *Distribution Operations*. 19 December 2013. JP 4-10. *Operational Contract Support*. 16 July 2014.

JP 5-0. *Joint Planning*. 16 June 2017. JP 6-0. *Joint Communications System*. 10 June 2015.

JP 6-01. *Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Operations*. 20 March 2012.

## Army Publications

Most Army doctrinal publications are available online at https://armypubs.army.mil/.

ADP 1-01. *Doctrine Primer*. 2 September 2014.

ADP 3-0. *Operations*. 6 October 2017. ADP 3-05. *Special Operations*. 29 January 2018.

ADP 3-09. *Fires*. 31 August 2012.

ADP 3-28. *Defense Support of Civil Authorities*. 26 July 2012. ADP 3-37. *Protection*. 31 August 2012. ADP 3-90. *Offense and Defense*. 31 August 2012.

ADP 4-0. *Sustainment*. 31 July 2012.

ADP 5-0. *The Operations Process*. 17 May 2012.

ADP 6-0. *Mission Command*. 17 May 2012. ADP 6-22. *Army Leadership*. 1 August 2012.

ADP 7-0. *Training Units and Developing Leaders*. 23 August 2012.

ADRP 1. *The Army Profession*. 14 June 2015. ADRP 2-0. *Intelligence*. 31 August 2012. ADRP 3-0. *Operations*. 6 October 2017. ADRP 3-05. *Special Operations*. 29 January 2018. ADRP 3-07. *Stability*. 31 August 2012. ADRP 3-09. *Fires*. 31 August 2012.

## References

ADRP 3-28. *Defense Support of Civil Authorities*. 14 June 2013.

ADRP 3-37. *Protection*. 31 August 2012.

ADRP 3-90. *Offense and Defense*. 31 August 2012.

ADRP 4-0. *Sustainment*. 31 July 2012.

ADRP 5-0. *The Operations Process*. 17 May 2012.

ADRP 6-0. *Mission Command*. 17 May 2012.

ADRP 6-22. *Army Leadership*. 1 August 2012.

ADRP 7-0. *Training Units and Developing Leaders*. 23 August 2012.

AR 600-100. *Army Profession and Leadership Policy*. 5 April 2017. ATP 1-05.04. *Religious Support and Internal Advisement*. 23 March 2017. ATP 1-06.2. The *Commanders' Emergency Response Program*. 22 May 2017.

ATP 1-06.3. *Banking Operations*. 23 January 2015.
ATP 1-19. *Army Music*. 13 February 2015.

ATP 1-20. *Military History Operations*. 9 June 2014. ATP 2-01. *Plan Requirements and Assess Collection*. 19 August 2014.

ATP 2-01.3/MCRP 2-3A. *Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield/Battlespace*. 10 November 2014.

ATP 2-19.3. *Corps and Division Intelligence Techniques*. 26 March 2015.
ATP 2-19.4. *Brigade Combat Team Intelligence Techniques*. 10 February 2015.

ATP 2-22.2-1. Counterintelligence Volume I: Investigations, Analysis and Production, and Technical Services and Support Activities (U). 11 December 2015.

ATP 2-22.4. *Technical Intelligence*. 4 November 2013.

ATP 2-22.7. *Geospatial Intelligence (U)*. 26 March 2015. ATP 2-22.9. *Open-Source Intelligence*. 30 June 2017. ATP 2-22.82. *Biometrics-Enabled Intelligence (U)*. 2 November 2015.

ATP 2-33.4. *Intelligence Analysis*. 18 August 2014. ATP 2-91.7. *Intelligence Support to Defense Support of Civil Authorities*. 29 June 2015.

ATP 2-91.8. *Techniques for Document and Media Exploitation (U)*. 5 May 2015. ATP 3-01.7. *Air Defense Artillery Brigade Techniques*. 16 March 2016. ATP 3-01.8. *Techniques for Combined Arms for Air Defense*. 29 July 2016.

ATP 3-01.15/MCRP 3-25E/NTTP 3-01.8/AFTTP 3-2.31. IADS, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for an Integrated Air Defense System. 9 September 2014.

ATP 3-01.16. *Air and Missile Defense Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (AMD IPB)*. 31
March 2016.
ATP 3-01.18. *Stinger Team Techniques*. 23 August 2017. ATP 3-01.48. *Sentinel Techniques*. 4 March 2016. ATP 3-01.64. *Avenger Battalion and Battery Techniques*. 10 March 2016.
ATP 3-01.81. *Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System Techniques*. 13 April 2017.
ATP 3-01.91. *Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THADD) Techniques*. 26 August 2013. ATP 3-01.94. *Army Air and Missile Defense Command Operations*. 20 April 2016. ATP 3-04.1. *Aviation Tactical Employment*. 13 April 2016. ATP 3-04.7. *Army Aviation Maintenance*. 11 September 2017. ATP 3-04.64/MCRP 3-42.1A/NTTP 3-55.14/AFTTP 3-2.64. UAS Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for the Tactical Employment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems. 22 January
2015.
ATP 3-05.1. *Unconventional Warfare*. 6 September 2013.
ATP 3-05.2. *Foreign Internal Defense*. 19 August 2015.
ATP 3-05.11. *Special Operations Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Operations*. 30
April 2014.
ATP 3-05.20. *Special Operations Intelligence*. 3 May 2013.
ATP 3-05.60. *Special Operations Communications System*. 30 November 2015.
ATP 3-05.68. *Special Operations Noncombatant Evacuation Operations*. 30 September 2014.
ATP 3-06/MCTP 12-10B. *Urban Operations*. 7 December 2017. ATP 3-06.1/MCRP 3-35.3A/NTTP 3-01.04/AFTTP 3-2.29. Aviation Urban Operations Multi-Service
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Aviation Urban Operations. 27 April 2016.
ATP 3-06.20/MCRP 3-30.5/NTTP 3-05.8/AFTTP 3-2.62. Cordon and Search Multi-Service Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Cordon and Search Operations. 18 August 2016.
ATP 3-07.5. *Stability Techniques*. 31 August 2012. ATP 3-07.6. *Protection of Civilians*. 29 October 2015. ATP 3-07.10/MCRP 3-33.8A/NTTP 3-07.5/AFTTP 3-2.76. Advising Multi-Service Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Advising Foreign Security Forces. 13 November 2017.
ATP 3-07.31/MCWP 3-33.8/AFTTP 3-2.40. Peace Ops Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Peace Operations. 1 November 2014.
ATP 3-09.02. *Field Artillery Survey*. 16 February 2016. ATP 3-09.12. *Field Artillery Target Acquisition*. 24 July 2015.
ATP 3-09.13. *The Battlefield Coordination Detachment*. 24 July 2015. ATP 3-09.23. *Field Artillery Cannon Battalion*. 24 September 2015.
ATP 3-09.24. *Techniques for the Fires Brigade*. 21 November 2012. ATP 3-09.30. *Observed Fires*. 28 September 2017. ATP 3-09.34/MCRP 3-25H/NTTP 3-09.2.1/AFTTP 3-2.59. Kill Box Multi-Service Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Kill Box Planning and Employment. 18 June 2018.
ATP 3-09.42. *Fire Support for the Brigade Combat Team*. 1 March 2016.
ATP 3-09.50. *The Field Artillery Cannon Battery*. 4 May 2016. ATP 3-11.23/MCWP 3-37.7/NTTP 3-11.35/AFTTP 3-2.71. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Weapons of Mass Destruction Elimination Operations. 1 November 2013.
ATP 3-11.37/MCWP 3-37.4/NTTP 3-11.29/AFTTP 3-2.44. Multi Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Reconnaissance and
Surveillance. 25 March 2013.
ATP 3-11.50. *Battlefield Obscuration*. 15 May 2014.
ATP 3-14.3. *Techniques for Army Space Forces*. 15 February 2018.
ATP 3-14.5. *Army Joint Tactical Ground Station (JTAGS) Operations*. 15 October 2014.
ATP 3-17.2./MCRP 3-21.1B/NTTP 3-02.18/AFTTP 3-2.68. Airfield Opening Multi-Service Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Airfield Opening. 18 June 2015.
ATP 3-18.4. *Special Forces Special Reconnaissance*. 18 August 2015.
ATP 3-18.11/AFMAN 11-411(I)/NTTP 3-05.26M. *Special Forces Military Free-Fall Operations*. 24
October 2014.
ATP 3-18.14. *Special Forces Vehicle-Mounted Operations Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures*. 12
September 2014.
ATP 3-20.15/MCRP 3-10B.1. *Tank Platoon*. 13 December 2012. ATP 3-20.96. *Cavalry Squadron*. 12 May 2016. ATP 3-20.97. *Cavalry Troop*. 1 September 2016. ATP 3-21.8. *Infantry Platoon and Squad*. 12 April 2016.
ATP 3-21.11. *SBCT Infantry Rifle Company*. 4 February 2016.

## References

ATP 3-21.18. *Foot Marches*. 17 April 2017. ATP 3-21.20. *Infantry Battalion*. 28 December 2017. ATP 3-22.40/MCWP 3-15.8/NTTP 3-07.3.2/AFTTP 3-2.45/CGTTP 3-93.2. NLW Multi-Service
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Employment of Nonlethal Weapons. 13 February
2015.
ATP 3-27.3. *Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD) Operations*. 20 April 2016.
ATP 3-27.5. *AN/TPY 2 Forward Based Mode Radar Operations*. 13 April 2015.
ATP 3-28.1/MCWP 3-36.2/NTTP 3-57.2/AFTTP 3-2.67. DSCA Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA). 25 September 2015.
ATP 3-34.5/MCRP 4-11B. *Environmental Considerations*. 10 August 2015. ATP 3-34.80. *Geospatial Engineering*. 22 February 2017. ATP 3-34.81/MCWP 3-17.4. *Engineer Reconnaissance*. 1 March 2016. ATP 3-34.84/MCRP 3-35.9A/NTTP 3-07.7/AFTTP 3-2.75/CGTTP 3-95.17. MDO Multi-Service
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Military Diving Operations. 13 February 2015.
ATP 3-35. *Army Deployment and Redeployment*. 23 March 2015.
ATP 3-37.10/MCRP 3-40D.13. *Base Camps*. 27 January 2017. ATP 3-37.34/MCTP 3-34C. *Survivability Operations*. 16 April 2018. ATP 3-39.10. *Police Operations*. 26 January 2015. ATP 3-39.32. *Physical Security*. 30 April 2014.
ATP 3-50.3/MCRP 3-02H/NTTP 3-50.3/AFTTP 3-2.26. Survival, Evasion, and Recovery
Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Survival, Evasion, and Recovery.11 September 2012.
ATP 3-50.20. *Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) Planning and Preparation*. 29
November 2017.
ATP 3-50.22. *Evasion*. 28 November 2017.
ATP 3-52.1/MCWP 3-25.13/NTTP 3-56.4/AFTTP 3-2.78. Airspace Control Multi-Service Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Airspace Control. 9 April 2015.
ATP 3-52.2/MCRP 3-25F/NTTP 3-56.2/AFTTP 3-2.17. TAGS Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for the Theater Air-Ground System. 30 June 2014.
ATP 3-52.3/MCRP 3-25A/NTTP 3-56.3/AFTTP 3-2.23. JATC Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Joint Air Traffic Control. 18 April 2014.
ATP 3-53.1. *Military Information in Special Operations*. 23 April 2015.
ATP 3-53.2. *Military Information in Conventional Operations*. 7 August 2015.
ATP 3-55.3/MCRP 2-2A/NTTP 2-01.3/AFTTP 3-2.88. ISR Optimization Multi-Service Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Optimization.
14 April 2015.
ATP 3-55.4. *Techniques for Information Collection During Operations Among Populations*. 5 April
2016.
ATP 3-55.6/MCRP 2-24A/NTTP 3-55.13/AFTTP 3-2.2. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Air-To-Surface Radar System Employment. 10 November 2015.
ATP 3-57.10. *Civil Affairs Support to Populace and Resources Control*. 6 August 2013. ATP 3-57.20/MCRP 3-33.1C. Multi-Service Techniques for Civil Affairs Support to Foreign
Humanitarian Assistance. 15 February 2013.
ATP 3-57.30. *Civil Affairs Support to Nation Assistance*. 1 May 2014. ATP 3-57.50. *Civil Affairs Civil Information Management*. 6 September 2013.
ATP 3-57.60. *Civil Affairs Planning*. 27 April 2014. ATP 3-57.70. *Civil-Military Operations Center*. 5 May 2014. ATP 3-57.80. *Civil-Military Engagement*. 31 October 2013.
ATP 3-60. *Targeting*. 7 May 2015. ATP 3-60.1/MCRP 3-16D/NTTP 3-60.1/AFTTP 3-2.3. Dynamic Targeting Multi-Service Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Dynamic Targeting. 10 September 2015.
ATP 3-60.2/MCRP 3-20D.1/NTTP 3-03.4.3/AFTTP 3-2.72. SCAR Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for Strike Coordination and Reconnaissance. 31 January 2018.
ATP 3-75. *Ranger Operations*. 26 June 2015.
ATP 3-76. *Special Operations Aviation*. 10 February 2017.
ATP 3-90.1. *Armor and Mechanized Infantry Company Team*. 27 January 2016.
ATP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8. *Combined Arms Mobility*. 8 March 2016.
ATP 3-90.5. *Combined Arms Battalion*. 5 February 2016. ATP 3-90.8/MCWP 3-17.5. *Combined Arms Countermobility Operations*. 17 September 2014. ATP 3-90.15. *Site Exploitation*. 28 July 2015.
ATP 3-90.20. *Regional Support Group*. 16 January 2018.
ATP 3-90.90. *Army Tactical Standard Operating Procedures*. 1 November 2011. ATP 3-91. *Division Operations*. 17 October 2014.
ATP 3-91.1/AFTTP 3-2.86. *The Joint Air Ground Integration Center*. 18 June 2014.
ATP 3-92. *Corps Operations*. 7 April 2016.
ATP 3-93. *Theater Army Operations*. 26 November 2014.
ATP 3-94.1. *Digital Liaison Detachment*. 28 December 2017. ATP 3-94.2. *Deep Operations*. 1 September 2016.
ATP 4-0.1. *Army Theater Distribution*. 29 October 2014.
ATP 4-01.45/MCRP 4-11.3H/NTTP 4-01.3/AFTTP 3-2.58. TCO Multi Service Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for Tactical Convoy Operations. 22 February 2017.
ATP 4-02.1. *Army Medical Logistics*. 29 October 2015.
ATP 4-02.2. *Medical Evacuation*. 12 August 2014.
ATP 4-02.3. *Army Health System Support to Maneuver Forces*. 9 June 2014.
ATP 4-02.7/MCRP 4-11.1F/NTTP 4-02.7/AFTTP 3-42.3. Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Health Service Support in a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Environment. 15 March 2016.
ATP 4-02.55. *Army Health System Support Planning*. 16 September 2015.
ATP 4-02.82/NTRP 4-02.9/AFTTP 3-2.82_IP. Occupational and Environmental Heath Site
Assessment. 1 April 2012.
ATP 4-02.84/MCRP 4-11.1C/NTRP 4-02.23/AFMAN 44-156_IP. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for Treatment of Biological Warfare Agent Casualties. 25 March 2013.
ATP 4-02.85/MCRP 4-11.1A/NTRP 4-02.22/AFTTP(I) 3-2.69. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Treatment of Chemical Warfare Agent Casualties and Conventional Military
Chemical Injuries. 2 August 2016.
ATP 4-10/MCRP 4-11H/NTTP 4-09.1/AFMAN 10-409-0. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Operational Contract Support. 18 February 2016.
ATP 4-11. *Army Motor Transport Operations*. 5 July 2013. ATP 4-12. *Army Container Operations*. 10 May 2013. ATP 4-13. *Army Expeditionary Intermodal Operations*. 16 April 2014.
ATP 4-14. *Expeditionary Railway Center Operations*. 29 May 2014. ATP 4-15. *Army Watercraft Operations*. 3 April 2015. ATP 4-32. *Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Operations*. 30 September 2013. ATP 4-32.2/MCRP 3-17.2B/NTTP 3-02.4.1/AFTTP 3-2.12. Explosive Ordnance Multi-Service
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Explosive Ordnance. 15 July 2015.

## References

ATP 4-35. *Munitions Operations and Distribution Techniques*. 5 September 2014.

ATP 4-42.2. *Supply Support Activity Operations*. 9 June 2014.

ATP 4-43. *Petroleum Supply Operations*. 6 August 2015. ATP 4-44/MCRP 3-17.7Q. *Water Support Operations*. 2 October 2015.

ATP 4-48. *Aerial Delivery*. 21 December 2016.

ATP 4-90. *Brigade Support Battalion*. 2 April 2014.

ATP 4-92. *Contracting Support to Unified Land Operations*. 15 October 2014. ATP 4-93. *Sustainment Brigade*. 11 April 2016. ATP 4-94. *Theater Sustainment Command*. 28 June 2013.

ATP 5-0.1. *Army Design Methodology*. 1 July 2015.

ATP 5-19. *Risk Management*. 14 April 2014.

ATP 6-0.5. *Command Post Organization and Operations*. 1 March 2017.

ATP 6-01.1 *Techniques for Effective Knowledge Management*. 6 March 2015.

ATP 6-02.40. *Techniques for Visual Information Operations*. 27 October 2014.

ATP 6-02.53. *Techniques for Tactical Radio Operations*. 7 January 2016.

ATP 6-02.60. *Techniques for Warfighter Information Network - Tactical*. 3 February 2016.

ATP 6-02.70. *Techniques for Spectrum Management Operations*. 31 December 2015. ATP 6-02.75. *Techniques for Communications Security (COMSEC) Operations*. 17 August 2015.

ATP 6-22.6. *Army Team Building*. 30 October 2015. FM 1-04. *Legal Support to the Operational Army*. 18 March 2013. FM 1-06. *Financial Management Operations*. 15 April 2014.

FM 2-0. *Intelligence Operations*. 6 July 2018.

FM 2-22.3. *Human Intelligence Collector Operations*. 6 September 2006.
FM 3-0. *Operations*. 6 October 2017. FM 3-01. *U.S. Army Air and Missile Defense Operations*. 2 November 2015. FM 3-04. *Army Aviation*. 29 July 2015.

FM 3-05. *Army Special Operations*. 9 January 2014.
FM 3-07. *Stability*. 2 June 2014.

FM 3-09. *Field Artillery Operations and Fire Support*. 4 April 2014.
FM 3-11/MCWP 3-37.1/NWP 3-11/AFTTP 3-2.42. Multi-Service Doctrine for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Operations. 1 July 2011.

FM 3-12. *Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations*. 11 April 2017. FM 3-13. *Information Operations*. 6 December 2016. FM 3-14. *Army Space Operations*. 19 August 2014.

FM 3-16. *The Army in Multinational Operations*. 8 April 2014.

FM 3-18. *Special Forces Operations*. 28 May 2014.

FM 3-22. *Army Support to Security Cooperation*. 22 January 2013. FM 3-24/MCWP 3-33.5. *Insurgencies and Countering Insurgencies*. 13 May 2014.

FM 3-27. *Army Global Ballistic Missile Defense Operations*. 31 March 2014.
FM 3-34. *Engineer Operations*. 2 April 2014.

FM 3-39. *Military Police Operations*. 26 August 2013. FM 3-50. *Army Personnel Recovery*. 2 September 2014. FM 3-52. *Airspace Control*. 20 October 2016. FM 3-53. *Military Information Support Operations*. 4 January 2013.

FM 3-55. *Information Collection*. 3 May 2013.

FM 3-57. *Civil Affairs Operations*. 31 October 2011.

FM 3-81. *Maneuver Enhancement Brigade*. 21 April 2014.

FM 3-90-1. *Offense and Defense, Volume 1*. 22 March 2013. FM 3-90-2. *Reconnaissance, Security, and Tactical Enabling Tasks, Volume 2*. 22 March 2013.

FM 3-94. *Theater Army, Corps, and Division Operations*. 21 April 2014.

FM 3-96. *Brigade Combat Team*. 8 October 2015. FM 3-98. *Reconnaissance and Security Operations*. 1 July 2015. FM 3-99. *Airborne and Air Assault Operations*. 6 March 2015. FM 4-01. *Army Transportation Operations*. 3 April 2014.

FM 4-02. *Army Health System*. 26 August 2013.

FM 4-30. *Ordnance Operations*. 1 April 2014. FM 4-40. *Quartermaster Operations*. 22 October 2013.
FM 4-95. *Logistics Operations*. 1 April 2014.

FM 6-0. *Commander and Staff Organization and Operations*. 5 May 2014.

FM 6-02. *Signal Support to Operations*. 22 January 2014.

FM 6-05/MCRP 3-30.4 [MCWP 3-36.1]/NTTP 3-05.19/AFTTP 3-2.73/USSOCOM Pub 3-33.

CF-SOF, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Conventional Forces and Special Operations Forces Integration, Interoperability, and Interdependence. 4 April 2018.

FM 6-22. *Leader Development*. 30 June 2015.

FM 7-0. *Train to Win in a Complex World*. 5 October 2016.
FM 27-10. *The Law of Land Warfare*. 18 July 1956.

## United States Law

Most acts and public laws are available at http://uscode.house.gov/.
Title 10. United States Code. *Armed Forces*.

Title 22. United States Code. Chapter 39. *Arms Export Control*.

Title 22. United States Code. Chapter 2151. *The Foreign Assistance Act*.

Title 29. United States Code. *Labor*. Title 32. United States Code. *National Guard*.

## Geneva Convention

1949 *Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War*. Available at https://www.icrc.org/en/war-and-law.

## Other Publication

National Fire Protection Association 472. Standard for Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents. 2013. Available at http://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-andstandards?mode=code&code=472.

## Prescribed Forms

This section contains no entries.

## Referenced Forms

Unless otherwise indicated, DA forms are available on the Army Publishing Directorate (APD) Web site at https://armypubs.army.mil/. DD forms are available at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/forms/index.htm.

## References

DA Form 2028. *Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms*.

DD Form 1833-Test (V2). *Isolated Personnel Report (ISOPREP) Instructions*.

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:
Chief of Staff Official:
MARK F. AVERILL
Acting Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army
1822501
DISTRIBUTION:
Active Army, Army National Guard, and United States Army Reserve: To be distributed in accordance with the initial distrubution number (IDN) 116026, requirements for ADP 1-02.