Headquarters
United States Army, Europe, and Seventh Army
United States Army Installation Management Agency
    Europe Region Office
Heidelberg, Germany

# Public Affairs Commanders Guide To German Society, Customs, And Protocol

*This pamphlet supersedes USAREUR Pamphlet 360-6, 8 March 2000.

For the CG, USAREUR/7A: E. PEARSON
Colonel, GS
Deputy Chief of Staff Official: GARY C. MILLER
Regional Chief Information
    Officer - Europe Summary. This pamphlet should be used as a guide for commanders new to Germany. It provides basic information concerning German society and customs.

Applicability. This pamphlet applies primarily to commanders serving their first tour in Germany. It also applies to public affairs officers and protocol officers.

Forms. AE and higher-level forms are available through the Army in Europe Publishing System (AEPUBS).


Records Management. Records created as a result of processes prescribed by this publication must be identified, maintained, and disposed of according to AR 25-400-2. Record titles and descriptions are available on the Army Records Information Management System website at *https://www.arims.army.mil*.

Suggested Improvements. The proponent of this pamphlet is the Office of the Chief, Public Affairs, HQ USAREUR/7A
(AEAPA-CI, DSN 370-6447). Users may suggest improvements to this pamphlet by sending DA Form 2028 to the Office of the Chief, Public Affairs, HQ USAREUR/7A (AEAPA-CI), Unit 29351, APO AE 09014-9351.

Distribution. B (AEPUBS) (Germany only).



Section I
INTRODUCTION
1. Purpose

2. References

3. Explanation of Abbreviations

4. General

Section II GETTING STARTED
5. Liaison With Host-Nation Personnel

Section III GERMAN TITLES AND RANKS
6. Common Titles

7. Hereditary Titles

8. Professional and Academic Titles

9. Titles of Government Officials and Civilian Employees

10. Using Sie and Du (Formal and Informal You)

Section IV GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE AND RANK
11. Federal Government

12. Government Leaders

13. Federal Ministries

14. Parliament

15. Land Government

16. Land Ministry Structure

17. *Landtag*

18. Regional Government

19. Counties

Section V COURTS AND JUDGES
20. Courts

21. Judges

Section VI GERMAN UNIONS
22. German Federation of Labor

Section VII GERMAN AND AMERICAN FLAGS
23. Displays on U.S. Installations

Section VIII COMMON-SENSE APPROACH TO PROTOCOL ORDER
24. General

25. Area of Influence

26. Size Representation and Responsibility


27. Seating According to Type of Event

28. Mixing Dignitaries

Section IX OFFICIAL FUNCTIONS AND ENTERTAINMENT


29. General

30. Dress for Social Events

31. Formal Dinners

32. Cocktail Parties

Section X OFFICIAL MILITARY OCCASIONS
33. Change of Command

Section XI INTRODUCTIONS
34. General

Section XII THE COURTESY VISIT
35. General

36. The Official Office Call

37. Gestures of Personal Courtesy

38. German Courtesy Calls

Section XIII THE GERMAN RECEPTION
39. General

Section XIV OFFICIAL GERMAN DELEGATIONS INVITED TO SPECIAL EVENTS
40. Protocol for Delegations

Section XV THE PRIVATE VISIT
41. Personal Cards

42. Flowers

43. Invitations to Meals

Section XVI THE HUNT
44. General

Section XVII GERMAN BEER AND WINE
45. German Beer

46. German Wine
Section XVIII
GERMAN HOLIDAYS
47. Legally Observed Holidays

Appendixes
A. Useful German Terms
B. Protocol Order
C. Invitations to German Officials and Dignitaries
Tables
1. USFLOs in Germany 2. Frequently Used Abbreviations of Doctoral Titles 3. German Lander and Capitals 4. German Federal Ministers
Glossary
SECTION I INTRODUCTION

1. PURPOSE
This pamphlet
a. Provides information to help commanders and public affairs officers (PAOs) in German-American activities.
b. Particularly applies to commanders hosting or attending official and social functions, both formal and informal.

2. REFERENCES
a. AR 25-400-2, The Army Records Information Management System (ARIMS).
b. AE Regulation 10-18, Commanding General, USAREUR/7A, Liaison Office, Berlin and Bonn.
c. AE Regulation 840-10, Display and Presentation of U.S. Flags.
d. USAREUR Regulation 360-1, USAREUR Community Relations Program.
e. USAREUR Regulation 550-140, Conduct of Government Liaison Activities in German States (*Lander*).


f. DA Form 2028, Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms.

3. EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS
The glossary defines abbreviations.
4. GENERAL
Commanders serving their first tour in Germany will find the assignment challenging and rewarding. The challenge lies in the ability to integrate, officially and socially, with the host-nation society, and to establish and maintain good German- American relations. Commanders who successfully meet this challenge will receive respect, extensive cooperation, and understanding from the German community in military and community-related matters. They also will build lasting German friendships.
5. LIAISON WITH HOST-NATION PERSONNEL
Success in German-American relations starts by learning German customs and establishing good liaison with the German community. Commanders have personnel on their staff, in the community, and at HQ USAREUR/7A to advise them on German customs and to provide liaison support.


a. The Public Affairs Officer. The command PAO is responsible for community relations. The PAO employs personnel who are thoroughly familiar with local officials, current and past political situations, and customs. These personnel advise the PAO on situations and on persons invited to official functions. Public affairs office personnel are the commander's political advisers and liaison for establishing and promoting successful German-American relations.

b. United States Forces Liaison Officers.


(1) United States Forces liaison officers (USFLOs) can advise commanders on the following subjects at the German State (*Land*) level:


(a) Customs.



(b) Official protocol.



(c) Professional and private contacts with German officials.


(2) USFLOs understand the relationship between German official affairs and U.S. Forces military affairs, and can advise commanders dealing with host-nation personnel at the *Land* level. USFLOs also have current information on important events, political situations, distinguished persons, and German official and civilian attitudes toward the U.S. Army and its actions in the *Land*. Table 1 provides Army telephone numbers and e-mail addresses of USFLOs in Germany. Section IV provides more details on the German political and Government structure.

Table 1 USFLOs in Germany Region Location Telephone/Fax Numbers

| Baden-Wurttemberg                      | Stuttgart    | DSN 420-6429/7329     |
|----------------------------------------|--------------|-----------------------|
| Fax 420-7126                           |              |                       |
| Bayern and Sachsen                     | Munchen      | Civilian 089-284901   |
| Fax 089-2805585                        |              |                       |
| Hessen, Norddeutschland, and Thuringen | Wiesbaden    | DSN 338-7566/7567     |
| Fax 338-7500                           |              |                       |
| Rheinland-Pfalz and Saarland           | Mainz        | Civilian 06131-204940 |


c. International Operations Division. The International Operations Division, Office of the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, G3, HQ USAREUR/7A (DSN 370-8182), can provide guidance to commanders on host-nation liaison as necessary. Protocol questions should be directed to the Protocol Office, Office of the Secretary of the General Staff, HQ USAREUR/7A (DSN 377-4520).

SECTION III GERMAN TITLES AND RANKS

6. COMMON TITLES
a. The most common titles in German are *Herr* (Mr.) and *Frau* (Ms./Mrs.). Germans expect to be addressed by title; they do not use first names as readily as Americans do. "The name's Charlie" approach is out of place in Germany. Using a person's first name in Germany indicates knowing the person well. Germans may work together in the same office for years and still address each other by their last name.



b. There are exceptions to this custom. Young Germans are quicker to use first names, as are "blue-collar" Germans and enlisted men of the same grade in the German Federal Armed Forces (*Bundeswehr*). Paragraph 10 addresses a related matter:
using the formal and informal forms of "you."
7. HEREDITARY TITLES
Aristocratic designations such as *Furst* (prince) and *Herzog* (duke) are no longer titles; they have become part of the family name. Members of the former nobility are now ordinary citizens. If unsure of when and where to use the traditional title, the commander should ask someone who knows the person being addressed.


8. PROFESSIONAL AND ACADEMIC TITLES
a. Commanders are often greatly concerned with protocol and the titles frequently encountered in political, academic, and professional dealings. In recent years, the use of titles in informal conversation has lessened. In most informal conversations, it is permissible to address a German simply as "*Herr* (or *Frau*) (last name)," regardless of rank. Titles, however, continue to be used in writing (such as in an invitation) and in public reference to a person (such as when introducing a speaker: "Herr *Burgermeister*" or "*Frau Burgermeisterin* (last name)."
b. Forms of address are especially important to persons holding academic titles (such as doctor of philosophy). In writing and in public references, commanders should address persons holding doctoral degrees as "*Herr* (or "Frau) *Doktor* (last name)." The title *Professor* is particularly esteemed in Germany. Usually a *Professor* also will have a doctoral degree. In formal situations, address a *Professor* as "*Professor Doktor* (last name)." In conversation, a *Professor* normally is addressed
"*Professor* (last name)" or simply "*Herr* (or Frau) *Professor*."
c. Germans also use titles on business cards. Many Germans who hold a doctoral degree indicate their field of study with abbreviations of the Latin designations. Table 2 explains frequently used abbreviations of academic titles.

d. General officers of the *Bundeswehr* also use their academic titles with their military grade and name, such as
"*Generalmajor Dr.-Ing.* (full name)." An honorary doctoral degree is identified on a business card or letterhead with a small h.c. (*honoris causa*) or e.h. (*ehrenhalber*) after the title. A cluster of titles is encountered occasionally. For example, "Prof.

Dr. Dr. *h.c.* (full name)."
Abbreviation Academic Title

Dr. Ing.
Doctor of Engineering
Dr. jur.
Doctor of Law
Dr. jur. et rer. pol.
Doctor of Law and Political Science
Dr. med.
Doctor of Medicine
Dr. phil.
Doctor of Philosophy or Philology (languages)
Dr. rer. pol.
Doctor of Political Science
Dr. rer. nat.
Doctor of Natural Sciences
Dr. theol.
Doctor of Theology


9. TITLES OF GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES
Titles of German Government workers are not only abundant, they are also longer and perhaps more impressive than hereditary titles (for example, *Regierungsobervermessungsrat*). Ranks and titles of German Government officials are considered best in the context of the German Government structure. Titles are usually used only at formal functions. The secret to pronouncing and understanding long German titles (and words) is to separate the individual parts of the word and to remember that the key or root word is the word on the far right. This rule can be applied to most long titles. Regierungsobervermessungsrat can be broken down as follows:
Regierungs Ober Vermessungs Rat Government Senior Surveying Adviser or Counselor


10. USING SIE AND DU (FORMAL AND INFORMAL YOU)
When speaking German, commanders should be careful with using Sie and Du (both translate into English as "you").

a. The informal Du is used even more rarely than a person's first name. Only close friends say Du to each other. The best practice is to use Sie with a German acquaintance until there is a mutual agreement to start using Du. The older person traditionally suggests to the younger person that they start using Du.


b. School-age children and animals are always addressed with Du. Sie may be used with older teens (approximately age
16 and over). Many young adults do not mind being addressed with Du. If the last name is not used, a compromise may be made by using the person's first name and addressing him or her with Sie. Commanders should use tact or ask the people they talk with for their preference.

c. Germans may also switch to saying Du while drinking together on a social occasion. The traditional practice is to drink a pledge of brotherhood (*Bruderschaft*). Holding their glasses, the drinkers link arms and then take a sip. From then on they say Du to each other. The ceremony is sometimes premature. Germans who say Du to each other after a couple glasses of wine may regret it and later revert to using Sie. If an unhesitating Sie is used at the next encounter following a *Bruderschaft*
drink, the other person should also revert to using Sie.


SECTION IV GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE AND RANK

11. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Germany has a Federal system like our own. Germany is divided into 16 states (*Lander*) (table 3), each with its own Government.

Table 3 German *Lander* and Capitals Land Capital

Baden-Wurttemberg
Stuttgart
Bayern
Munchen
Berlin*

Brandenburg
Potsdam
Bremen*

Hamburg*

Hessen
Wiesbaden
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Schwerin
Niedersachsen
Hannover
Nordrhein-Westfalen
Dusseldorf
Rheinland-Pfalz
Mainz
Saarland
Saarbrucken
Sachsen
Dresden
Sachsen-Anhalt
Magdeburg
Schleswig-Holstein
Kiel
Thuringen
Erfurt



*city-states
12. GOVERNMENT LEADERS
Germany has a parliamentary form of Government similar to Great Britain's Government structure.

a. The head of Germany is the Federal President, the *Bundesprasident*. The *Bundesprasident* is the ceremonial head of state, comparable to the Queen of England.

b. The second-highest ranking official in Germany, the *Bundestagsprasident*, is the President of the Federal Parliament, the *Bundestag*.



c. The head of the German Government is the Federal Chancellor, the *Bundeskanzler*. While the Chancellor's role compares in some ways to that of the U.S. President, the position is closer to that of Great Britain's prime minister. The Chancellor is a member of the lower House of Parliament (*Bundestag*) as are, normally, the other members of the cabinet.

Members of Parliament elect the Chancellor and can remove both the Chancellor and the Chancellor's administration with a vote of no confidence. A Federal minister (*Bundesminister*) heads the Chancellor's office (*Bundeskanzleramt*).



d. The official press spokesperson of the German Government has the rank of *Staatssekretar* and heads the Federal Press and Information Office.


13. FEDERAL MINISTRIES
a. Each Federal ministry is made up of several departments. The number of departments depends on the ministry's responsibilities. The structure and functions of ministries at the *Bund* and *Land* level are very similar. For obvious reasons, however, three ministries exist only at the Federal level:

(1) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs.


(2) The Ministry of Defense.


(3) The Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development.

b. The head of a ministry is addressed as "*Herr* (or Frau) *Minister*." The State minister (*Staatsminister*) or the Parliamentary State secretary (*Parlamentarischer Staatssekretar*) is usually second in command. Some ministries have two Parliamentary State secretaries. A *Staatsminister* ranks above a *Staatssekretar*. The highest appointed official in a ministry also has the title *Staatssekretar*.

c. In addition to the ministries, the Federal Government has a Federal Press and Information Office. The head of the Federal Press and Information Office is the official press spokesperson, who has the rank of minister.

d. Table 4 lists German Federal ministers (cabinet members).

German Federal Ministers Chancellor Minister for Foreign Affairs and Vice Chancellor Minister for Special Affairs and Chief of the Chancellor's Office Minister of the Interior Minister for Economics and Technology Minister of Finance Minister of Justice Minister of Agriculture Minister for Labor and Social Welfare Minister of Defense Minister for Education and Research Minister for Health Minister for Zoning, Housing, Urban Development, and Traffic Minister for Family, Senior Citizens, Women, and Youth Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development Minister for Environmental Affairs, Nature Protection, and Reactor Safety
14. PARLIAMENT
As with Congress, the German Parliament has two houses, the *Bundesrat* (Federal Council) and the *Bundestag* (House of Representatives). The *Bundestag* is the more important of the two houses because it has the legislating initiative on most issues.


a. *Bundestag*. The *Bundestag*


(1) Is the chief lawmaking body.


(2) Exercises supervision over the executive.


(3) Is led by the *Bundestagsprasident*.



(4) Is made up of deputies (*Abgeordnete*) who roughly compare to U.S. members of Congress. The *Abgeordnete* are elected every 4 years by direct, public vote. In German elections, whether at Federal, *Land*, or community level, a political party must gain 5 percent of the total ballot to send representatives to Parliament.

b. **Bundesrat**. *Bundesrat* members are not elected; they are appointed by the *Land* Governments. The *Bundesrat*

(1) Allows the *Land* Governments to participate in the Federal legislation process.


(2) Is made up of members of the *Land* Governments. *Land* Governments may appoint these members and cancel the appointments at any time.


(3) Enables governors of the German *Lander* to take turns officiating as President of the *Bundesrat*.


15. *LAND* GOVERNMENT
German powers are divided between the Federal Government (*Bundesregierung*) and the *Land* Government
(*Landesregierung*). The *Lander* have considerable autonomy, especially regarding police, education, and cultural affairs. The governor of a *Land* is the *Ministerprasident*.


NOTE: The city-states refer to their governors differently. In Berlin, the governor is called *Regierender Burgermeister*
(Governing Mayor); in Bremen, the *Senatsprasident* (President of the Senate); and in Hamburg, *Erster Burgermeister* (First Mayor).

a. The *Ministerprasident* is elected by the members of the *Landtag* (State Parliament) for 4- or 5-year terms. The *Land*
cabinet ministers are responsible for the ministries of agriculture, culture and education, economics, the environment, Federal affairs, finance, food, health, the interior, justice, labor, science and art, social structure, and traffic.

b. The scope of responsibility of the ministries varies from Land to *Land* (for example, Baden-Wurttemberg has a ministry of economics, Bayern has a ministry of economics and traffic, and Hessen has a ministry of economics and technology).

16. *LAND* MINISTRY STRUCTURE
A closer look at *Land* ministries provides a great deal of information about ranks, correct forms of address, and possibly the seating protocol at change-of-command ceremonies. The *Land* ministry of the interior, for example, is structured as follows:


a. Ranking Personnel. The head of the *Land* ministry is the minister of the interior (*Innenminister*). Second in command is the *Land* secretary (*Staatssekretar*).

b. Departments. Most ministries of the interior have seven main departments. One ministry director (Ministerialdirektor) is responsible for the departments in (1) through (4) below, and another ministry director is responsible for the departments in (5) through (7) below. The departments are as follows:

(1) Civil Service Law, Personnel, Education and Training, Budget, Organization.


(2) Constitution, Law, Survey.


(3) Public Safety, Police. This department includes the *Land* secret-service agency (Landesamt fur Verfassungsschutz), the *Land* criminal police office, the *Land* police school, the *Land* riot police, and waterways police.


(4) Communal Affairs (includes banking).


(5) Construction Law, Housing and Urban Development, Fire Protection.


(6) Civil Defense/Disaster and Emergency Relief.



(7) State Planning.

c. Structure. Ministry structure varies from Land to *Land* and may change based on elections and coalition demands.


17. *LANDTAG*
Each German *Land* has its own legislature (*Landtag*) with delegates from the electoral districts of the *Land*. (For example, the Baden-Wurttemberg legislature in Stuttgart has 155 delegates from 70 electoral districts.) Elections are held every 4
years. The *Land* legislature structure is as follows:
a. Presidium (*Prasidium*). The *Prasidium*

(1) Includes the president of the legislature, 2 deputies, and 13 members who help the president during full sessions.


(2) Oversees the administrative matters of the legislature, establishes its budget, and approves the appointment or dismissal of officials by the president.

b. Council of Elders (*Altestenrat*). In some parliaments, the most important steering committee of the legislature is the Altestenrat, which is sometimes integrated into the *Presidium*. The council helps the president with legislative, political, and administrative affairs.

c. Political Party Factions (*Fraktionen*). Each *Fraktion* includes at least eight delegates from the same political party.

The *Fraktion* exercises political influence on the German Government. *Fraktion* members also voice the consensus opinions of their *Fraktionen* during full sessions of the legislature. Twelve standing committees and ad hoc committees handle the detailed work of the legislature, which ranges from ecology to sports.

d. *Oberfinanzdirektion*. The German Federal Government operates some *Land*-level agencies. The Oberfinanzdirektion
(Supreme Finance Office), which handles real estate for the U.S. Armed Forces, is an agency commanders may need to contact occasionally. Each *Oberfinanzdirektion* is headed by an *Oberfinanzprasident*, who reports to the Federal Ministry of Finance and *Land* finance ministries.


18. REGIONAL GOVERNMENT
a. The regional Government (*Regierungsprasidium*) is below the *Land* level. The *Regierungsprasidium* administers the regional district (*Regierungsbezirk*), which includes several counties. For example, Baden-Wurttemberg has four Regierungsbezirke with *Regierungsprasidien* based in Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Stuttgart, and Tubingen. The *Regierungsprasidien*
are under the staff supervision of the *Land* ministry of the interior and under the technical supervision of the appropriate *Land*
ministries.

b. A *Regierungsprasident* heads each *Regierungsprasidium*. The *Regierungsprasident* directs a group of civil servants who conduct business between *Land* and county (Stadtkreis or *Landkreis*) levels. Generally, the functions of each Regierungsprasidium parallel the functions of the *Land* Government. The *Regierungsprasident* is responsible for the following organizations:

(1) Agricultural offices (*Landwirtschaftsamter*).


(2) Clearing houses.


(3) County commissioners (*Landrate*).


(4) County savings-and-loan associations (*Kreissparkassen and Girokassen*).


(5) Health offices (*Gesundsheitsamter*).


(6) *Land* police in the area of jurisdiction.


(7) Lord mayors (*Oberburgermeister*).


(8) Road-construction offices (*Straenbauamter*).


(9) Schools (*Schulen*).


(10) Water-management offices (*Wasserwirtschaftsamter*).

c. Forestry officers throughout the *Land* work for forestry directorates (Forstdirektionen). *Forstdirektionen* are responsible for farmlands and forests.

19. COUNTIES
Each *Regierungsbezirk* is made up of several counties (*Kreise*). There are two kinds of counties: the *Landkreis* (rural county)
and the *Stadtkreis* (city or urban county). The ranking official in a rural county is the *Landrat*, and the ranking official in an urban county is the *Oberburgermeister*. The parliamentary body at this level is called the *Kreistag* (county council) or, for a city or urban county, the *Stadtrat* (city council).

a. The Urban County. The *Stadtkreis* is a city that also performs the functions of a county. A *Stadtkreis* has a population of 100,000 or more and is independent of and on the same level as a *Landkreis*.

b. Example of a *Stadtkreis* Organization.


(1) A *Stadtkreis* includes a city council (*Stadtrat*), which is a parliament made up of elected city councilors
(*Stadtrate*). In some *Lander* the local parliament is called the *Stadtverordnetenversammlung*. The functions of the *Stadtrat*
are similar to those of a county council (*Kreistag*).


(2) The *Stadtrat* has several standing committees (such as administration, city zoning, financial, social, and technical). Each committee meets more than 20 times a year and is presided over by the Oberburgermeister or Oberburgermeisterin, as applicable.

c. Communal Level (Counties). Communities represent the lowest level of self-determined government. Community towns or villages report to the rural county (*Landkreis*) and have limited self-administration. The organization of community administrations differs from Land to *Land*. SECTION V COURTS AND JUDGES

20. COURTS


a. District Court. The lowest-level court in Germany is the district court (*Amtsgericht*). The *Amtsgericht* handles minor criminal and business-law cases and performs certain administrative functions (such as maintaining a register of associations (*Vereine*)).

b. Regional Court. The next higher-level court is the regional court (*Landgericht*). The *Landgericht* deals with

(1) More serious criminal cases.


(2) Business-law cases that involve monetary values beyond the limit set for the *Amtsgericht*.


(3) Civil-law cases.

c. Supreme Regional Court. At the *Land* level, the Supreme Regional Court (*Oberlandesgericht*) represents the highest court of appeal for major civil, criminal, and business-law cases.

d. Federal Court. The highest level for civil, criminal, and business-law matters is the Federal Court
(*Bundesgerichtshof*). The *Bundesgerichtshof* decides (only in writing) the disputed aspects of appealed cases. If an appeal is successful, the case may be returned to the originating Landgericht or *Oberlandesgericht*.

e. Special Courts. The following court structures exist for the indicated subjects:

(1) For litigation of cases involving private entities versus the German Government or vice versa:


(a) The district court (*Verwaltungsgericht*).



(b) The *Land* court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof or *Oberverwaltungsgericht*).


(c) The Federal court (*Bundesverwaltungsgericht*).

(2) For litigation of cases involving labor law:


(a) The district labor court (*Arbeitsgericht*).


(b) The *Land* labor court (*Landesarbeitsgericht*).


(c) The Federal labor court (*Bundesarbeitsgericht*).

(3) For litigation of cases involving medical insurance, retirement, social welfare, or worker's compensation:


(a) The district social court (*Sozialgericht*).


(b) The *Land* social court (*Landessozialgericht*).


(c) The Federal social court (*Bundessozialgericht*).

(4) For litigation of cases involving the constitutionality of laws or other provisions:


(a) The *Land* constitutional court (*Staatsgerichtshof*).


(b) The Federal constitutional court (*Bundesverfassungsgericht*).

21. JUDGES
The rank for judges was revised to abolish elaborate titles in favor of the simple term *Richter* (judge). The local staff judge
advocate can provide commanders the official standing and form of address for German judiciary officials attending an
American function.
SECTION VI GERMAN UNIONS

22. GERMAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
Many local nationals who work with the U.S. Forces are in a union. The majority of them are with the public services and transportation workers union (Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft (*Verdi*)) under the German Federation of Labor Unions
(Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (DGB)), Germany's largest labor organization. The rest of them are with the German Union
of Salaried Employees (Deutsche Angestellten-Gewerkschaft (DAG)). Appendix A provides more details on the various
levels of German professional organizations.
a. The DGB is made of 12 unions and includes about one-third of the total German labor force. The largest DGB is the
Union of Metal Workers (Industriegewerkschaft (IG) *Metall*), with nearly 2.5 million members. Other major DGB unions
include)

(1) Building trades, agriculture, environment (*IG Bauen-Agrar-Umwelt*).

(2) Mining, chemistry, and energy (*IG Bergbau, Chemie, Energie*).

(3) Public services and transportation (*Verdi*).
b. The DAG is another major labor union that has a half million members. This union is independent of the DGB.

SECTION VII GERMAN AND AMERICAN FLAGS

23. DISPLAYS ON U.S. INSTALLATIONS
A 1958 agreement between German officials and officials of the American Embassy specifies rules for flying the German flag with the U.S. flag (AE Reg 840-10):


a. The German flag will receive the position of honor (the position on the right as seen from the seat of the commander).

The German and U.S. flags will be approximately the same size and the flagpoles will be the same height. The poles should be close enough to permit raising and lowering both flags as part of the same ceremony. U.S. personnel will raise and lower both flags.

b. When raising and lowering the flags at formal occasions, both the German and the U.S. national anthems will be played. The *Deutschlandlied* will be played first and followed, without pause, by the Star-Spangled Banner. German and U.S.

military personnel in uniform will face the flags and salute when the flags are raised and lowered.

c. When the German flag is at half-staff, the U.S. flag will also be at half-staff. Similarly, the German flag will be at halfstaff when the U.S. flag is at half-staff.

SECTION VIII COMMON-SENSE APPROACH TO PROTOCOL ORDER

24. GENERAL
This section provides general guidance on protocol order and seating. Appendix B lists civilian ranks and military grades in descending order.

a. Guidance and protocol lists cannot serve all protocol situations. Local considerations, the purpose of the gathering, and common sense always should take precedence over theoretical seating-protocol rules.

b. The commander's representatives (protocol-office or public-affairs-office personnel) usually will make arrangements for seating at events as follows:

(1) At business meetings, officials who need to talk to each other should be placed next to or across the table from each other. The need to give these officials an opportunity to talk to each other is more important than the need to observe seating-protocol rules.


(2) Before official functions, arrangements should be made with the ranking participants or their staff to approve exceptions to usual seating protocol. If participants have a personal seating preference, this preference should take precedence over protocol, if appropriate. However, strict protocol order sometimes is required. Some officials may be offended if they are seated in a position "lower" than that to which they are entitled by their rank or position.

c. If unsure about the correctness of a situation, commanders should coordinate with local German officials and appropriate protocol personnel.

NOTE: In many instances, language capabilities should take precedence over protocol order. At less formal functions, departing from protocol order will better serve the purpose of the gathering.

25. AREA OF INFLUENCE
a. Generally, the closer a person is to the place of appointed office, the greater the person's influence and rank (for example, the *Oberburgermeister* of a significant town would not outrank the *Burgermeister* of a small village at a table in that village). An exception applies when Federal officials visit *Land* gatherings or *Land* officials visit local gatherings.

b. At local functions, the delegate to the *Land* assembly would rank below supervisory officials, but above the town councilors. A *Bundestag* member campaigning at home ranks just below the local *Oberburgermeister*.

c. When unsure of protocol order, common sense favors the stranger. In these cases, designate the visitor as a guest of honor and give him or her the place of honor. 26. SIZE REPRESENTATION AND RESPONSIBILITY
A governing body assembles and ranks representatives of governed units according to the size and responsibility of the units represented. For example, the Oberburgermeister of *Stadtkreis* Stuttgart assembles and seats *Burgermeister* according to the populations of their precincts, except that the *Burgermeister* of a village ranks above the *Burgermeister* who manages the administration of a city precinct of Stuttgart. The precinct may be 20 times the size of the village, but the responsibility is not comparable. The village representative manages a whole community, while the city official manages only a part.

27. SEATING ACCORDING TO TYPE OF EVENT


a. Protocol order is determined by considering the purpose and atmosphere of the occasion. The seating of each invited guest depends on the aims of the host and the character of the event. Very serious mistakes can arise from misjudging the character of an event. The following two examples show how the character of the event can affect the seating protocol:


(1) The *Burgermeister* of several neighboring large towns, the *Landrat*, the *Kreisoberforstmeister* (the county forest manager), the maneuver-damage-control officer (a major) of a U.S. Army division stationed in the area, and a representative from the American Embassy gather in the officers club of the division headquarters to discuss maneuver damage to the area timber. The protocol order for seating in this case would be the American major, the *Landrat*, the *Kreisoberforstmeister*, the American Embassy representative (present to contribute pertinent knowledge to the discussion), and the various Burgermeister seated according to the size of their communities.


(2) The same people are invited to a banquet given by one of the *Burgermeister* to observe a local strawberry festival. The protocol order for seating at this event might be the *Burgermeister*, the *Landrat*, the major (as a representative of the U.S. Army division), the neighboring *Burgermeister*, the *Kreisoberforstmeister*, and the American Embassy representative.

b. The use of a round table can help prevent anyone from feeling slighted when a small, mixed group meets. When a round table is used, the two highest-ranking guests are seated to the right and left of the host, and the remaining guests are seated appropriately around the table. 28. MIXING DIGNITARIES
a. Large gatherings often involve officials from various organizations. Seating is a common problem when members of the German or U.S. military and officials of the German or U.S. Government are present.


(1) The best seating arrangement at events where high-level political and military guests from several countries are present is the "shuffle." The shuffle involves alternating the seating of German civilians with U.S. officers, for example, in order of descending rank. The nature of the occasion will determine whether the number-one guest is a civilian or a military member.


(2) When both German and U.S. military members are present, members of like grade are seated together.


(3) When both U.S. diplomatic officials and U.S. Army officers are present, U.S. diplomatic and Army personnel are alternated among German dignitaries. Military personnel in uniform always should be seated according to grade.


(4) When an event is less formal and civilian clothes are worn, more leeway is possible in seating military personnel.

b. Except at high-level or strictly formal events, seating protocol is less important after the highest-ranking three or four guests have been placed. Other considerations of seating protocol are as follows:

(1) Interpreters must be seated at useful intervals to translate.


(2) People with similar interests who know one another and enjoy one another's company should be seated together.


(3) An older, well-respected person is often seated in a position higher than rank alone would require.

c. An American attending a host-nation meeting or event should shake hands with the German host first, then go around the room and shake hands with other representatives. When leaving the meeting or event, the American should shake hands with and thank the German host for the invitation.

29. GENERAL
a. By U.S. standards, Germans may appear less sociable when it comes to entertaining. A major factor is the traditional German preference for personal privacy. Germans may turn down invitations without an excuse. The arrival of unannounced guests, particularly around mealtime, may offend the host. While good social manners in the United States usually require the guest to reciprocate an invitation, conditions or preference often will keep a German from inviting his or her host in return. No offense is intended.

b. With this in mind, an invitation extended by a German implies a genuine interest in establishing a closer personal relationship.

c. Guests should not smoke without the host's permission.


30. DRESS FOR SOCIAL EVENTS
a. German dress codes for military and social events are as follows:

(1) *Straenanzug* means informal dress. For the military, this means wearing a uniform corresponding to the time of the day (duty uniform, Army green, or Army blue with four-in-hand tie (bowtie)).


(2) Smoking or *Dunkler Anzug* means formal dress. For the military, this corresponds to wearing the Army blue or blue mess uniform with four-in-hand tie.


(3) *Gesellschaftsanzug* means Army blue or white mess uniform or Army blue or white evening mess uniform.


(4) Dienstanzug, weies Hemd (*mit Fliege*), means Army blue or white uniform with four-in-hand tie.


(5) Dienstanzug, weies Hemd (*mit Langbinder*), means Army blue or white uniform with four-in-hand tie.


(6) *Dienstanzug Grundform* means Army green (class A) uniform.


(7) *Dienstanzug* means duty uniform.

b. Spouses should wear appropriate attire corresponding to the uniform being worn. Active-duty spouses should wear the appropriate military uniform. 31. FORMAL DINNERS
a. Invitations.



(1) As in the United States, a large dinner party usually is announced by invitation. The German equivalent of the engraved American R.S.V.P. (*repondez, s'il vous plait*) invitation is used: *U.A.w.g*. (*Um Antwort wird gebeten* (response requested)). Appendix C provides sample invitation formats.


(2) On invitations, Americans "request the pleasure of the company" of the invited. However, German hosts "geben sich die Ehre, Herrn X einzuladen" (confer on themselves the honor of inviting Mr. X).


(3) Whether specified or not, proper etiquette requires that every invitation be answered. The traditional reply is a short, polite, handwritten note that either accepts the invitation with pleasure or declines with regret. Unless the prospective guest is a good friend of the host, a note is preferred over a telephone call.


(4) Before sending invitations, the host should call key guests by telephone to see if they can come. Based on their replies and the importance of the event, the host may need to consider rescheduling or canceling the event.


(5) The dress for the occasion usually is noted in the lower-right corner of the invitation.

b. Arrival. The time a host wants guests to arrive is generally stated on the invitation. No one is "fashionably late" in Germany.



(1) A formal lunch (*Mittagessen*) is held from 1230 to 1330. Evening dinner parties begin around 1900.



(2) At very formal functions, the host or hostess greets the arriving guest. The guest then checks the posted seating arrangement (if not posted, seating is indicated by placecards on the dinner table).


(3) After being greeted, the guest then proceeds to the living room or salon, takes a cocktail or other aperitif from the person serving, and mingles with the guests. Seats, if provided, are for elderly guests.



c. Assembling for Dinner. When guests are assembled and dinner is ready, the host or hostess begins the move toward the dining room by inviting the guest of honor to join him or her for dinner. The other guests will follow the host and hostess.

d. Seating. The seating order normally is according to rank. However, the seating protocol should not defeat the purpose or enjoyment of the dinner. If appropriate, the host may ask ranking guests for permission to depart from strict seating protocol. Breaking up the group, such as by seating guests at small tables, is one way of getting around seating protocol in order to make a dinner more enjoyable. If the seating must be according to rank, the following guidelines apply based on the table arrangement.


(1) Long, Narrow Table.



(a) If the host and hostess sit at opposite ends of a long table, the following rules apply:


1. If the guest of honor is male, the place of honor is to the right of the hostess; the second-ranking male guest sits to her left.



2. The highest-ranking woman sits to the host's right, the second-ranking woman to his left. Unless the spouse of a dignitary has official or social rank in his or her own right, he or she takes the rank of his or her spouse and will be seated in a position corresponding to the place of his or her spouse.



3. Moving toward the center of the table, the third-ranking male guest sits beside the first-ranking female guest, and the fourth-ranking male guest sits beside the second-ranking female guest.



4. At the other end of the table, spouses hold places equivalent to those of their husbands or wives.



5. If the guest of honor is a woman, the woman's husband should be seated in the position designated for a female spouse. Other guests will be seated according to normal protocol order.



(b) If the host and hostess prefer to sit at the middle of a long table, the following rules apply:


1. The ranking guest and spouse will sit directly opposite the host and hostess.



2. Married couples are separated and are seated alternately according to sex, and in descending order according to rank, from the center of the table outward to the ends.



3. The lowest-ranking guests sit at the ends of the table. This means the lowest-ranking male guest will be separated the entire table length from his wife.



4. When the number of guests at the table is a multiple of four, the hostess usually moves one seat to the left of the host to allow the alternation of sexes.


(2) Horseshoe-Shaped Table. At large official banquets, a horseshoe-shaped table may be used. The following rules apply:


(a) The host sits in the center on the outer rim of the horseshoe, and the host's spouse sits to his or her right.



(b) The guest of honor sits to the right of the host's spouse, and the spouse of the guest of honor sits to the host's left.



(c) The next ranking woman sits to the right of the guest of honor, and her husband sits to the left of the wife of the guest of honor.



(d) Other guests sit in descending order of precedence from the host.



(3) Banquet or Speakers Table. When a banquet or speakers table is used, the following rules apply:


(a) The host sits at the center of the table.



(b) The guest of honor sits to the host's right, and the master of ceremonies or toastmaster sits to the host's left.



(c) The second-ranking guest sits to the right of the guest of honor, and the third-ranking guest sits beside the toastmaster.



(d) Alternating of distinguished guests will continue to the ends of the table. Only distinguished members of the community should sit at the head table.


(4) Special Seating. At all-male gatherings, the guests sit in order of importance.



(a) The host and cohost (usually the man next in rank to the host) normally sit at opposite ends of a long table.



(b) The guest of honor sits to the host's right. The third-most-important guest sits to the host's left. The secondand fourth-most-important guests sit to the right and left, respectively, of the cohost.



(c) The remaining guests sit in order of descending rank. If the host and cohost sit at the center of the table, guests will be seated outward toward the ends of the table according to rank.

e. Toasting.


(1) Formal toasting is not common in Germany. The host may give an introductory toast. He may rise, bow slightly to the ladies beside him, toast the health of the group, and sit down. If toasting is part of a ceremony, guests should not drink until the toasting starts.


(2) Guests often propose toasts among themselves. When Germans toast, they usually raise their glasses to their companions before and after they take a sip. The person of higher rank proposes the toast to his or her subordinates. As a courtesy, the men propose toasts to the women.


(3) Most toasts do not involve clinking glasses together. Only on very special occasions, such as birthdays and weddings, do people lightly clink their glasses together as a mark of their hearty good wishes to each other.


(4) The guest being toasted remains seated and does not drink. He or she replies by offering a toast to the host and hostess.


(5) If a guest does not want wine or another beverage, he or she should motion with a hand to tell service personnel not to fill the glass. Refusing a beverage is considered more thoughtful than leaving a filled glass untouched. Guests should accept a small amount of wine if toasts are expected.

32. COCKTAIL PARTIES
Cocktail parties are not common in Germany, but the influence of American social habits on German commercial and political circles has introduced the custom. During cocktail parties, hosts should
a. Encourage guests who are fluent in both English and German to mingle with guests who know only one language.

b. Consider having someone pass a tray of food and drinks among the guests to accommodate those who do not know the language well enough to ask for something to eat or drink.

OFFICIAL MILITARY OCCASIONS

33. CHANGE OF COMMAND
The change-of-command ceremony is the first and last event of a commander's tour. Officers attend many change-ofcommand ceremonies during their military careers. The following suggestions apply particularly to ceremonies in German communities, but also may apply to international events.


a. Preparation.


(1) Invitations should be sent at least 4 weeks before the event. When addressed to Germans, the invitations should be printed only in German or in both English and German.


(2) A German-speaking person should be available to answer questions and to determine the status of the invitations.


(3) A guestlist should be compiled by liaison personnel (sec II) and should include the following distinguished German guests:


(a) The *Regierungsprasident* (if the official seat is in the commander's city).



(b) The *Landrat*.



(c) The Oberburgermeister, *Burgermeister*, or both.



(d) The department chiefs of important, local German administrations (for example, police chief, city engineer).



(e) Church representatives (such as the Protestant and Catholic deacon (*Dekan*)).



(f) Members of the Federal Parliament (*Bundestagsabgeordnete*) or members of the *Land* Parliament
(*Landtagsabgeordnete*). Members of Parliament who live in the community should also be invited.

b. Deputies. When inviting a top official, no one should be offended if the official's deputy attends the function. The deputy should be treated the same as the official he or she represents.


(1) At meetings, conferences, and business seminars where the deputy actively participates, the deputy is seated according to the rank of the represented official.


(2) At social functions, military reviews, and ceremonies, a more relaxed attitude prevails. At these events, the deputy is seated before others of his or her rank, not at the rank of the represented official (for example, a colonel representing a general would be seated first in a group of other colonels).

c. Seating Order. At German and American functions, the commander should rely on his or her local national employees to help determine seating, as they are likely to know the local guests.


(1) Guests, especially German officials, are seated according to rank and position. Use of a reviewing stand helps take care of many seating problems.



(a) The spouses and children of the outgoing and the incoming commander are seated to the right and left of the reviewing stand, respectively, followed by the ranking guests.



(b) Ranking German and American officials are seated from right to left of the reviewing stand.



(c) Local dignitaries whom the commander deals with on a daily basis receive preferred seating over guests coming from a distance.


(2) A few seats should be reserved for persons who attend unexpectedly.

d. Speeches. The commander's remarks should be kept simple and concise. Unless the commander is comfortable with the German language, he or she should limit speaking German to a hearty welcome. Although Germans appreciate any effort to use their language, it is unfair to subject an audience to the speaker's private struggle with the German language.

Memorizing or reading a speech in German, rather than in English, is acceptable and shows respect for the host nation.

e. Receptions. At the reception, the officer who is assuming command has his or her first opportunity to meet the German community leaders. These community leaders will play an important role in the success of the commander's mission.


(1) A German-speaking person and, when appropriate, the aide-de-camp should stand in the receiving line to pass on the guests' names to the commander.



(2) Officials in the German civil service may be addressed by name and academic title, if applicable (for example,
"*Doktor* von Lubov" instead of "*Herr Leitender Regierungsdirektor*"). Appointed and elected officials, such as the lord mayor, should be addressed by German position titles (such as Herr Ministerprasident, Herr Regierungsprasident, Herr Landrat, Herr Oberburgermeister). When a guest has more than one title, such as *Professor* and *Doktor*, the higher title
(*Professor*) should be used.

f. Funding. Funds for the reception ceremony and for printing invitations are appropriated under Program 9. USAREUR
Regulation 360-1 provides guidance on funds.

SECTION XI
INTRODUCTIONS

34. GENERAL
a. Introductions. German introductions are generally more formal than American introductions. There is a strict order of precedence: older persons first, and women before men. This order exists even for routine handshakes, such as at a gathering where friends greet each other. Men always are presented to women, and younger people to older. There are several customary greetings in answer to an introduction, but the simplest is *angenehm* (pleased to meet you). Do not say Wie geht es Ihnen? (How are you?) unless you want an answer.

b. Shaking Hands. Germans shake hands frequently. To a German, shaking hands means little more than saying hello.

Friends will shake hands twice, when they meet and when they part. A nod of the head usually accompanies the handshake. The woman should initiate the handshake (extend her hand) first to the man or to the younger woman. Keeping one's hand in one's pocket while shaking with the other hand is considered impolite.

SECTION XII THE COURTESY VISIT

35. GENERAL
A new commander should establish initial contact with the top-ranking German officials within 4 weeks after assuming command. Delays of more than 1 month could strain German-American relations. The change-of-command ceremony and reception where the commander first meets German officials are no substitute for a proper, "official" courtesy call.

a. The commander's staff should arrange courtesy calls as soon as possible, although the actual visits might not take place for 2 weeks. Acceptable hours for a courtesy visit are from 0900 to 1130 and from 1500 to 1700.

b. Officials whom commanders should visit include, but are not limited to, the *Regierungsprasident* (if the official seat is in the commander's local community), the *Landrat*, and the Oberburgermeister or *Burgermeister*. If there are Federal agencies operating at the *Land* level, the commander should visit the *Oberfinanzprasident* (of the *Oberfinanzdirektion*), the Defense District Command (*Verteidigungsbezirkskommando*) or the Defense County Command (*Verteidigungskreiskommando*) Commander (*Kommandeur*), and the chief of the Federal Assets Office
(*Bundesvermogensamt*).

c. The PAO may suggest additional officials whom the commander should visit.


36. THE OFFICIAL OFFICE CALL
a. During the initial visit, a new commander must be prepared to hear about problems left unsolved by his or her predecessor. Commanders should make only promises they can keep, and preferably agree to "look into the problem." When the matter involves a decision that must be made at a higher headquarters, the commander should say so.



b. During courtesy visits to the *Oberburgermeister* or to other officials, refreshments and coffee are offered. When the German official returns the visit, the commander should reciprocate the official's hospitality.


37. GESTURES OF PERSONAL COURTESY
a. German officials particularly appreciate when a commander presents the official with a personal card with the commander's home telephone number and invites the official to call if an emergency arises. The German official will not abuse the privilege to call the commander.

b. Sending seasonal greetings is a nice gesture and is always appreciated. Greeting cards are well worth the extra time and personal funds spent. Birthday greetings also are an indication of thoughtfulness. Ages 50, 60, and 65 are considered important birthday years for Germans. The PAO or the protocol officer should know the birthdays of local German officials.

c. A new commander may receive a gift, perhaps a book about the local town or city, from a German official. It is not necessary for the commander to reciprocate at once, since the commander will meet the giver many times in the course of business and at social functions. Gifts customarily are exchanged at the end of the commander's tour.

d. Commanders and German officials usually exchange gifts on significant, private occasions and when the commander is leaving the command. The gift should be of personal value rather than material value and should not suggest that the recipient reciprocate in kind.


(1) Printed matter is an acceptable gift. Purchasing items other than printed matter is authorized under BA43/.0012
funds (USAREUR Reg 360-1 provides specific guidance).


(2) The commander should try to present awards to German officials at a suitable U.S. location rather than at the office or headquarters of the recipient.

38. GERMAN COURTESY CALLS
When a newly elected, high-ranking German official, who may not have visited an American installation before, visits a commander, a retreat formation is an appropriate ceremony for honoring the German official.

SECTION XIII THE GERMAN RECEPTION

39. GENERAL
The German reception (*der Empfang*) often is held to honor someone and may serve as a lead-in to another function (such as a dance, a concert, an exhibition, a dinner, or a special ceremony). German receptions are similar to American receptions.

a. The host or hostess and his or her party stand near the door to greet guests as they arrive. Nametags often are used at large events.


b. Germans prefer having receptions celebrating commercial or official events (such as a change of branch manager or dedication of a new courthouse) at 1100. Besides nonalcoholic beverages, wine, champagne, and beer are usually served, as well as canapes or pretzels. Dignitaries may give brief speeches.

c. If there is a head table, guests will be seated according to rank (the guest of honor or primary speaker to the host's right and the second-ranking speaker to the host's left).

SECTION XIV OFFICIAL GERMAN DELEGATIONS INVITED TO SPECIAL EVENTS

40. PROTOCOL FOR DELEGATIONS
Large German representative groups often are invited to retreat ceremonies, charity concerts, or military reviews. Protocol arrangements for these functions differ from those for dinners and receptions. The following examples provide some protocol considerations:


a. Military Reviews. Civilians often are invited to attend a military review. If the party on the reviewing stand is small, civilian and military personnel may be seated in the usual manner (guests one and two sitting next to the hosting officer).

Military personnel rank higher than civilian guests at these events unless the civilians are very high-level. The remaining dignitaries are ranked in protocol order. The head of *Land* or the Chancellor always sits to the right of the hosting officer.

b. Concerts.


(1) When a distinguished delegation is invited to a concert, the American host or hostess should reserve a block of seats, perhaps three or four rows deep, in the most desirable section.


(2) The organizer and protocol personnel at the local city hall (*Rathaus*) will establish an order of protocol and will arrange the seating. Organizers should place nametags on the seats (usually with tape).



(a) The honored guests sit to the right and left of the host. The next three ranking guests (after the honored guests) generally sit behind the host, right to left, in order of precedence.



(b) Special guests are seated approximately six places on either side of the host and four rows behind him or her, in decreasing order of importance. Another possibility is to seat the first echelon of dignitaries in the front seven or eight seats (ranked right to left), the next echelon behind them, and so on until all special guests are seated.


(3) On arrival, the guests usually meet in an anteroom, learn the seating arrangement, check coats at the cloakroom
(*Garderobe*), and walk together through the auditorium of the townhall (*Stadthalle*) or conservatory to the reserved seats.

c. Charity Events. It is recommended, but not required, that commanders invited to an event held to benefit a reputable charity send the host a small donation after the event. Donations should be made in a personal capacity using personal funds only.

SECTION XV THE PRIVATE VISIT

41. PERSONAL CARDS
Commanders and German officials usually exchange formal visits and exchange personal cards, especially in diplomatic or military circles or in small civilian communities. Personal cards are widely used for social and business purposes.

42. FLOWERS
a. When invited to a private dinner or when visiting a private home, it is customary for the guest to bring flowers. The flowers should be presented unwrapped (unless they are wrapped in cellophane) to the hostess, who will put them in a vase while the host helps his guests with their coats.

b. Commanders should choose white or pastel-colored flowers and avoid bright colors. Red roses are reserved for a loved one (an old custom still widely observed) and should not be given to the hostess.

43. INVITATIONS TO MEALS
a. Private Dinners. A private dinner may involve traditional, open-faced sandwiches (*belegtes Brot*) or crystal chandeliers and a nine-course meal. The following information will help American guests feel more comfortable at a private dinner:

(1) German etiquette requires the serving person to serve drinks and soup from the guest's right, and serve platters of food, from which the guests serve themselves, from the left. Place settings are cleared from the right.


(2) It is not necessary to eat all food that is served, but politeness requires that a little of each course be taken and eaten.


(3) Americans do not have to change their style of using cutlery when eating at German dinners. Switching silverware from the left to the right hand, which is common in the United States, is incorrect in Germany (as is placing the unused hand on the lap). Germans use the spoon and knife only in the right hand. A fork is commonly held in the left hand, except when only the fork is used.



(4) It is considered impolite to smoke during meals, especially while others are eating.



(5) The invited guest should be courteous and helpful. Younger guests should leave the table only after the older or distinguished guests have left.

b. Coffees and Teas. Germans usually serve coffee or tea at 1500 or 1600. The beverage is usually served with a pastry.

Afternoon coffee is an informal affair.



c. Suppers. The evening meal (*Abendessen*) is usually light and is served at about 1900. The *Abendessen* usually will be a traditional, open-faced sandwich (*belegtes Brot*): sliced cheese, tomatoes, perhaps sardines in oil, coldcuts (*Wurst*), and butter. Beverages may range from beer to soft drinks to tea, or even mineral water. The tone is informal and involves relaxation after the long workday. A light lunch and a larger evening meal, as in the United States, are becoming more common.

d. **Fruhschoppen**. *Fruhschoppen* is a late-morning meal held at about 1000. *Fruhschoppen* usually involves traditional, open-faced sandwiches (*belegtes Brot*), bread, a variety of cheese, and coldcuts. Beverages range from beer to soft drinks.

Fruhschoppen is usually held in a tent or at a guesthouse during a fair or fest.

SECTION XVI THE HUNT

44. GENERAL
a. Development in Europe immediately before the year 800 is considered to be the most significant influence on German hunting customs. During this period, the sovereign of Europe proclaimed the right to hunt as the prerogative solely of the royalty. After this proclamation, hunting became a major recreation of the court. With the court hunts came the elegance of court protocol and ceremony. Most German hunting customs today can be traced to these old customs.

b. Today, hunting areas in Germany are divided into territories averaging 1,000 to 2,000 acres (400 to 800 hectares)
called *Reviere*. The right to hunt wild game in these areas may be owned or leased by the German Federal or *Land* Government, an individual, a group of individuals, or a community. Whoever owns or leases hunting property is the huntingrights holder. The Federal German Hunting Law establishes minimum-size requirements for various *Revier* categories. The Lander may increase minimum sizes.

c. Commanders who are invited to hunt with a German host should refer to AE Regulation 215-145 for information on hunting in Germany. Commanders may also refer questions to their local hunting and fishing coordinator.

SECTION XVII GERMAN BEER AND WINE

45. GERMAN BEER
Beer (*Bier*) brewed in local breweries or in the surrounding area is most appropriate for serving at meetings and other events.

Germany has many breweries of all sizes. Although there are a great number of beer brands available, the purity of the brew is strictly maintained throughout the brewing industry. Although the more than 500-year-old law, *Reinheitsgebot*, is no longer in effect, German brewers may still use only natural ingredients (water, barley (processed into malt), hops, and yeast). The types of beers are roughly as follows:
a. Popular Beers.


(1) Pilsner (*Pils*) has a high hops content. It is brewed using a process that originated in breweries in the Czech city of Pilsen. *Pils* has a slightly bitter taste and develops more foam than other beers. When poured from the tap, a good *Pils*
takes up to 7 minutes to pour.


(2) Export (also referred to as *Helles*) beer has a higher alcohol content than *Pils* and is usually less expensive.


(3) Old (Alt) beer is a dark beer. This beer comes from cities on the banks of the lower Rhein River. Alt beer is brewed using a special fermentation process.


b. Special and Less Common Beers.



(1) *Bock* and *Doppelbock* are special dark and very strong beers that should not be served at meetings, parties, or ceremonies. These beers are brewed only on certain occasions (special fests and holidays) and in certain areas. *Bock* and Doppelbock have an alcohol content that is considerably higher than that of regular beer. Even moderate consumption of these beers may have an intoxicating effect on anyone not used to drinking them.


(2) Fest beer (*Festbier*) is served at the *Oktoberfest* in Munich. Christmas beer (*Weihnachtsbier*) is served only at Christmas. Both beers have a high alcohol content and should be consumed in moderation.


(3) Wheat beer (*Weizenbier*) has become very popular, especially in summertime. The two types of *Weizenbier* are Kristallweizen (filtered) and *Hefeweizen* (unfiltered). In Berlin, *Weizenbier* is known as *Berliner Weie* and is drunk with a shot of raspberry juice or *Waldmeister* (herbal juice).

46. GERMAN WINE
German wine (*Wein*) categories are more complicated than German beer categories. There are three types of wine and three colors:
a. Types of Wine.


(1) Table Wine (*Tafelwein*). This wine is the simplest to make and the cheapest to buy. *Tafelwein* is made only from German grapes, but may be a blend of grapes from several of Germany's wine regions.


(2) Quality Wine From a Specified Area (*Qualitatswein, Q.b.A.*). These wines must have a control number on each label as a guarantee that legal standards concerning purity of color, taste, and aroma have been met. The entire contents of this wine must come from one of the following recognized German wine areas:


(a) Ahr.



(b) Baden.



(c) Bergstrae (southern Hessen and northern Baden).



(d) Franken.



(e) Mittelrhein.



(f) Mosel-Saar-Ruwer.



(g) Nahe.



(h) Rheingau.



(i) Rheinhessen.



(j) Rheinpfalz.



(k) Wurttemberg.


(3) Quality Wine With Identifying Name or Title (*Qualitatswein mit Pradikat*). This type of wine must be produced using grapes from only one wine domain (*Weingut*). The six levels of quality in this category are as follows:


(a) *Kabinett*. This wine is made from natural grapejuice that is fermented, not improved. The grapes used to make this wine are harvested in October.



(b) *Spatlese*. This wine is made from late-picked, fully ripened grapes. The grapes used to make this wine are harvested in November.



(c) *Auslese*. This wine is made from overripe grapes.



(d) *Beerenauslese*. This wine is made from noble-rotten, overripe, single berries.



(e) *Trockenbeerenauslese*. This wine is very sweet and made from a selection of noble-ripe, overripe berries of the highest taste concentration.



(f) *Eiswein*. This wine is very sweet and made from berries frozen at harvest and pressed at minus 10 degrees centigrade.

b. Wine Colors. Germany is best known on the international wine market for its white wines. There are, however, three officially accepted German wine colors:

(1) White (*wei*).


(2) Red (rot).


(3) Rose (*weiherbst*).

c. **Sekt**. *Sekt* is sparkling wine produced in Germany, as opposed to champagne which, strictly speaking, is produced solely in the French region of Champagne.

SECTION XVIII GERMAN HOLIDAYS

47. LEGALLY OBSERVED HOLIDAYS
Most Americans stationed in Germany do not celebrate German holidays, but all Americans in Germany should be aware of them. On religious holidays, noise should be kept down, and activities that might interfere with German celebrations or appear irreverent should be avoided. Commanders and their advisers should consider German holidays when planning American ceremonies and activities. Inexpensive German calendars, available at stationery stores (*Schreibwaren*), show German holidays. The following are legal German holidays:
a. New Year's Eve (*Silvester*). New Year's Eve is celebrated much the same in Germany as in the United States, with the addition of lots of fireworks.

b. New Year's Day (*Neujahr*).

c. Three Kings' Day (*Heilige Drei Konige*) (6 January). Three Kings' Day is observed in Baden-Wurttemberg, Bayern, and Sachsen-Anhalt.

d. Good Friday (*Karfreitag*).



e. Easter Sunday (*Ostern*).

f. Easter Monday (*Ostermontag*).

g. Labor Day (*Tag der Arbeit*) (1 May). Labor unions hold rallies on this day throughout Germany.

h. Ascension Day (*Christi Himmelfahrt*).

i. Whitsunday (*Pfingstsonntag*).

j. Whitmonday (*Pfingstmontag*).


k. Corpus Christi Day (*Fronleichnam*). Corpus Christi Day is observed in Baden-Wurttemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, and in Thuringen in areas where the majority of the population is Roman Catholic.

l. Assumption Day (*Maria Himmelfahrt*) (15 August). Assumption Day is observed in Saarland and in the Roman-
Catholic areas of Bayern.

m. Day of German Unity (*Tag der Deutschen Einheit*) (3 October). The Day of German Unity commemorates the 1990
reunification of the former German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany.

n. All Saints' Day (*Allerheiligen*) (1 November). All Saints' Day is observed in Baden-Wurttemberg, Bayern, Nordrhein-
Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, and Saarland.

o. Day of Repentance (*Bu- und Bettag*). The Day of Repentance is observed only in Sachsen.

p. Christmas (*Weihnachten* (25 December)). Christmas is celebrated with the family. Gifts are traditionally exchanged on Christmas Eve (*Heiligabend* (24 December)). German stores usually close at noon or at 1400 on Christmas Eve and do not reopen until the day after the holidays (27 December).

q. Second Christmas Day (*Zweiter Weihnachtstag* (26 December)). The second Christmas Day is celebrated with friends.

Guests may be invited to the home.

NOTE: Though not a legal holiday, Advent is observed in Germany on the four Sundays preceding Christmas. Germans take greater note than Americans do of this occasion. It is customary for them to display a wreath (*Adventskranz*) with four candles. The candles are lit on each of the four successive Sundays before Christmas.

## Appendix A Useful German Terms The Following Terms Apply To Education (Types Of Schools), Law (Courts), Organized Groups, Police, Politics, Professional Organizations, And Unions In Germany.

BERUFSORGANISATIONEN
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
12 Industriegewerkschaften (IG)
Twelve unions of specific trades (for example, *IG Metall* (Union of Metal
Workers)).
Bezirksverband
District organization of a union (for example, *IG Metall* has four in Baden-
Wurttemberg).
Bundesverband der Arbeitgeber (BdA)
Federation of Employers; umbrella organization of employer organizations
for various industries.
Deutsche Angestelltengewerkschaft (DAG)
German Union of Salaried Employees (only for "white-collar" employees).
Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (DGB)
German Federation of Labor Unions; includes 12 independent unions of
varying sizes; determines policy and represents member unions on nationallevel matters.
Einzelhandelsverband
Retailers Association; coordinates activities and supports retailers in a given area.
Handwerkskammer
Chamber of Crafts; regional institution for crafts, such as automotive mechanics, carpenters, and plumbers.
Industrie- und Handelskammer (IHK)
Chamber of Industries and Commerce; regional institution executing selfadministration of industrial and trade firms and providing assistance and
coordination (including legal advice and registration); system of training
apprentices.
Innung
Guild; maintains roll of masters; supervises apprentice training.
Kammer (for example, *Rechtsanwaltskammer*,
Arztekammer)
Chamber (such as Chamber of Lawyers or Physicians); mandatory regional institution with primary functions of registration, licensing, legal assistance, and court-of-honor and disciplinary functions.
Kreisverwaltung
County office of the DGB.
Landesbezirk des DGB
State-level chapter of the DGB.
Landesverband
State-level organization.
Ortsverband
Local-level organization. (There are other union-type organizations, which
may be parallel to the IG, for specified professions.)

## Gerichte Courts

Amtsgericht
City court; lowest level of jurisdiction for minor criminal and civilian cases;
performs certain administrative functions, such as maintaining a register of
associations (see *Vereine*).
Arbeitsgericht
Local labor court; handles employment matters between employees and the employer.
Bundesarbeitsgericht
Federal labor court.
Bundesgerichtshof
Federal court; highest level for criminal and civilian matters; deals (only in writing) with disputed aspects of a case, which will be reopened at the Landgericht or *Oberlandesgericht* if the appeal is successful.
Bundessozialgericht
Federal social court.
Bundesverfassungsgericht
Federal constitutional court
Bundesverwaltungsgericht
Federal administrative court; responsibilities identical to Federal court, but for administrative matters.
Landesarbeitsgericht
State labor court.
Landessozialgericht
State social court.
Landgericht
State court; handles more-important criminal cases.

Oberlandesgericht
High State court; highest judiciary level in a State for appeals in serious criminal matters and cases of business law.
Richter
Judge.
Sozialgericht
Local-level social court; handles social-insurance matters.
Staatsgerichtshof
State constitutional court; rules on compliance of State laws and provisions with constitution.
Verwaltungsgericht
Administrative court; rules on matters of individual citizens, organizations, or communities contesting a decision by an administrative body; there are
usually three or four of these courts in a State.
Verwaltungsgerichtshof/
Oberverwaltungsgericht
High administrative court; State court of review on administrative matters.

## Politik Und Verwaltung Politics And Administration

Beigeordneter
Assistant mayor; chief of a department of a community administration.
Bundeskanzler
Federal Chancellor; nominated by the Federal President and elected by the Bundestag.
Bundeslander
Federal States. There are 16 (see table 3).
Bundesminister
Federal minister (cabinet member); appointed by the *Bundesprasident* on
recommendation by the *Bundeskanzler*. Usually, but not necessarily, a member of the *Bundestag*.
Bundesprasident
Federal President; ceremonial head of Germany.
Bundesrat
Federal council (upper house of Parliament); composed of representatives of the various *Bundeslander* appointed to the *Bundesrat* by the State
Governments.
Bundesratsprasident
President of the Federal council; office held by the minister presidents of the Bundeslander on a rotational basis for 1 year each; exercises the power of the *Bundesprasident* when the *Bundesprasident* cannot do so.
Bundesregierung
German Federal Government.
Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Germany.
Bundestag
House of Representatives (Federal Parliament); members elected for 4-year term: half by name-vote in a specified voting district, the other half from party lists established for each State.
Bundestagsprasident
Chairman of the *Bundestag* (Federal Parliament). Second-highest ranking
official in Germany.
Bundesversammlung
Federal assembly; composed of the members of the *Bundestag* and an
equal number of representatives from the *Bundeslander*; convenes every 5
years for the sole purpose of electing the Federal President.
Burgermeister
Mayor: - Chief executive of a Stadt, *Gemeinde*, or *Dorf*.
- Department chief in major city (*Grostadt*) administration whose superior
   is an *Oberburgermeister*; usually presides over several departments.
Gemeinde
Community (general designation for entities on lowest administrative level) or parish (Catholic or Protestant).
Gemeinde (*Dorf*)
Community with as many as several thousand residents; has marginal selfgovernment.
Gemeindedirektor
Chief executive of a *Gemeinde* in some States.
Gemeinderat
Town or village council (in case of a city, also called *Stadtrat*), or member of
such a council.
Gemeindeverwaltung
Administration of a Gemeinde (*Dorf*).
Groe Kreisstadt or *Kreisfreie Stadt*
Major county town; has more than 20,000 but less than 100,000 residents;
has partial self-government.

Grostadt
Large city; must have more than 100,000 residents; constitutes a Stadtkreis.NOTE: The term *Grostadt* is not an official administrative
designation. German communities are administratively classified as a Gemeinde, Verbandsgemeinde, Stadt, Kreisstadt, or *Groe Kreisstadt*.
Kreis
County; lowest organizational subdivision with full self-government.
Kreisrat
Council formed of community representatives of a rural county.
Kreisstadt
Seat of a *Landkreis* administration.
Kreistag
Legislative council of a rural county (*Landkreis*).
Landesminister
State minister (cabinet member).
Landesregierung
State Government.
Landkreis
Rural county; encompassing many communities of various types (such as Groe Kreisstadt, Stadt, Gemeinde, Dorf).
Landrat
County commissioner; chief executive of a *Landkreis*.
Landtag
State Parliament; members elected by public vote for a 4-year term.
Landtagsprasident
President of a State legislature.
Ministerprasident
Minister president (State governor).
Mitglied des Bundestages (MdB)
Member of the *Bundestag* (Federal Parliament).
Mitglied des Landtages (MdL)
Member of the *Landtag* (State Parliament).
Oberburgermeister
Lord mayor; chief executive of a major Stadt or *Groe Kreisstadt*.
Oberstadtdirektor
Chief executive of a *Stadt* in some States.
Ortsburgermeister (and variations depending on Land constitution)
Mayor of a small community associated with others to reduce administration costs.
Referat/Dezernat
Department of an administration or community administration.
Regierungsbezirk
Administrative subdivision of a State including several counties.
Regierungsprasident
President of a *Regierungsprasidium* (Government district headquarters).
Regierungsprasidium
Government district headquarters; regional Government office presiding over a *Regierungsbezirk*.
Stadt
City, town; general term for a community that is larger than a village (*Dorf*)
(for example, a city with a population from several thousand to several million).
Stadtkreis
Urban county; a city that is also a county; technically all cities with more than 100,000 residents.
Stadtrat
City council, or member thereof, made up of elected city councilors
(*Stadtrate/Gemeinderate*). The council has four standing committees
(administration, social, technical, and financial and city zoning). The lord mayor chairs the council.
Stadtverwaltung/Magistrat
Administration of a Grostadt or *Stadt*.
Verbandsgemeinde/*Gesamtgemeinde* (and
other variations)
Entity of several small but generally independent communities for making administration more economical; a central city hall carries out local council decisions; there are variations according to the *Land* constitutions.
POLIZEI
POLICE AUTHORITIES
Amt fur Offentliche Ordnung
Department of Public Order; division of a city or county administration
dealing with the administrative aspects of public order, including licensing and control of restaurants, bars, businesses, shops, public property, and demonstrations; issuing passports; maintaining registers of residents; and controlling adherence to city ordinances.
Bereitschaftspolizei
Riot police; mobile, caserned, light-armored police forces maintained by each State to support local police forces in specified cases; under direct control of State Ministries of the Interior.

Bundeskriminalamt (BKA)
Federal criminal police office; Federal-investigation and crime-registration
center responsible for pursuing certain capital crimes; coordinating agency
for independent State criminal-police offices; German liaison to the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol).
Bundespolizei
Federal police (previously *Bundesgrenzschutz*)
Kriminalpolizei
Criminal investigation office
Landeskriminalamt (LKA)
State criminal police office; responsible for supervision and coordination of
local criminal police authorities.
Landespolizei
State police.
Landespolizeidirection
Office of the police superintendent in a given district of a State.
Landespolizeikommissariat/*Inspektion*
Area and office of the uniformed police in a city or county; subordinate to the
Landespolizeidirektion.
Polizeiprasidium
Police precinct headquarters.

## Schulen Schools

Berufs(*fach)schule*
Vocational school; provides general education and job-specific skills
complementing an apprenticeship served with a craftsman, business, or
industrial employer.
Fachhochschule
Technical college.
Gesamtschule
A school entity integrating the traditional three-level German school system comprised of *Grundschule/Hauptschule* (elementary or middle school;
through grade 9), *Realschule* (middle school; grades 5 through 10), and Gymnasium (high school; grades 5 through 13). The *Lander* use several
variations, since they are responsible for cultural and school matters.
Grundschule
Elementary school; grades 1 through 4.
Gymnasium
High school for students getting their high school diploma (*Abitur*) enabling them to enter a university; grades 5 through 13. Students study two or three
foreign languages, including English.
Hauptschule
Middle school; grades 5 through 9. Most students start a job apprenticeship concentrating on trade and labor jobs afterwards. Students study English as their second language.
Realschule
Middle school ending with a 10th-grade examination (*Mittlere Reife*) for students who start a white-collar, business, or trade-job apprenticeship, or transfer to a *Gymnasium*. Students study two foreign languages, one of which is English.
Schulamt
Schools office; responsible for operating schools; under State-government control.
Schulverwaltungsamt
School administrative office; office of a city or county administration for planning, constructing, and maintaining school buildings.
Sonderschule
Special-education schools for physically and mentally disabled children.
Universitat
University. Confusion sometimes arises over the term *Hochschule*. A
Hochschule is not a high school; it is a university or other similar school
(such as an institute of technology (*technische Hochschule*)).
ORGANISATIONEN
ORGANIZATIONS
Verband, Bund
Federation; combination of independent organizations (sports, glee clubs)
with legislative and control responsibility for member organizations in matters of common interest (for example, Association of German Industries (*Bundesverband der deutschen Industrie*), Federal Youth Association
(*Bundesjugendring*)), German Federation of Labor (Deutscher
Gewerkschaftsbund), political parties (*politische Parteien*).
Vereine (*allgemein*)
Associations or clubs (general); organizations established under public law
(*Vereinsrecht*). The initials e.V. (*eingetragener Verein* (registered
association)) after the name indicate that the association is exempt from
taxes because of its benefits to society.

B-1. The list in this appendix is for use only with section XIV of this pamphlet. The comparisons between German civilservice positions and U.S. military ranks are approximate and should not be considered definitive. Some officials with the same civil-service rating may have different protocol standings based on differences in the importance of their positions. The glossary explains abbreviations used in the list.

B-2. For detailed questions on protocol, commanders may contact the Protocol Office, Executive Services Division, Office of the Secretary of the General Staff, HQ USAREUR/7A, or the protocol offices at their USAREUR command headquarters. The HQ USAREUR/7A Protocol Office may be reached at DSN 377-4520.

Protocol Order for Official Functions
GERMANY
UNITED STATES
Civilian
Military
Military
Civilian
LN
1. *Bundesprasident*


2. Souverane Staatschefs anderer Staaten,
kaiserliche und konigliche Mitglieder regierender Hauser
3. Regierungschefs auslandischer Staaten


4. Prasident des Deutschen Bundestages


5. *Bundeskanzler*


6. *Prasident des Bundesrates*


7. Prasident des Bundesverfassungsgerichts


8. Doyen des Diplomatischen Korps


ambassador


9. Chefs der diplomatischen Missionen im
Botschafterrang in der Reihenfolge der
Uberreichung ihrer Beglaubigungschreiben 10. Ehemalige Bundesprasidenten


11. Stellvertretende Regierungschefs
auslandischer Staaten


12. Vorsitzende der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz und des Rates der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland (nach Dienstzeit), Vorsitzender des Direktoriums des Zentralrates der Juden in Deutschland
13. Generalsekretar der Vereinten Nationen


14. *Generalsekretar der* NATO


15. Prasident des Europaischen Parlaments


16. Prasident der Beratenden Versammlung des
Europarates


17. Generalsekretar des Rates der
Europaischen Gemeinschaften


18. Prasident der Kommission der Europaischen
Gemeinschaften


19. *Ehemalige Bundestagsprasidenten*


20. *Ehemalige Bundeskanzler*


21. Prasidenten des Bundesverfassungsgerichts auer Dienst


22. *Fremde Gesandte als Missionschefs*


23. Bundesminister in der Reihenfolge der
Ressorts


24. Ministerprasidenten der Lander in der
Reihenfolge: Vizeprasident des Bundesrates, im ubrigen nach der Amtszeit (rangieren bei anderen als gesamtstaatlichen Veranstaltung sowie in ihrem Land bei Veranstaltungen im nicht bundeseigenen Haus vor den Bundesministern)
25. *Kardinale, Patriarchen*


|                                                 |          |                 | GERMANY    | UNITED STATES    |
|-------------------------------------------------|----------|-----------------|------------|------------------|
| Civilian                                        | Military | Military        | Civilian   | LN               |
| 26.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Mitglieder der Kommission der Europaischen      |          |                 |            |                  |
| Gemeinschaften                                  |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 27.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Prasident des Europarates                       |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 28.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Vorsitzende der Fraktionen des Deutschen        |          |                 |            |                  |
| Bundestages (in der Reihenfolge der Starke der  |          |                 |            |                  |
| Fraktionen)                                     |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 29.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Vorsitzende der im Deutschen Bundestag          |          |                 |            |                  |
| vertretenen Parteien (in der Reihenfolge der    |          |                 |            |                  |
| Starke der bei der jeweils letzten Wahl zum     |          |                 |            |                  |
| Deutschen Bundestag auf sie entfallenen         |          |                 |            |                  |
| Stimmen)                                        |          |                 |            |                  |
| 30.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Vizeprasidenten des Deutschen                   |          |                 |            |                  |
| Bundestages                                     |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 31.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Prasidenten der Landtage/Burgerschaften         |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 32.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Prasident des Bayerischen Senats                |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 33.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Vizeprasident des Bundesverfassungs-            |          |                 |            |                  |
| gerichts                                        |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 34.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Erzbischofe, Landesbischofe, Bischofe,          |          |                 |            |                  |
| Landessuperintendenten, Landesrabbiner          |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 35.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Prasident der Deutschen Bundesbank              |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 36.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Minister/Senatoren der Lander (in               |          |                 |            |                  |
| alphabetischer Reihenfolge der Lander,          |          |                 |            |                  |
| untereinander in der jeweiligen Reihenfolge der |          |                 |            |                  |
| Ressorts)                                       |          |                 |            |                  |
| 37.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Hochste Reprasentanten der Gemeinden            |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 38.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Standige Geschaftstrager des                    |          |                 |            |                  |
| Diplomatischen Korps (in der Reihenfolge ihrer  |          |                 |            |                  |
| Einfuhrungsschreiben)                           |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          | career minister | 39.        |                  |
| Geschaftstrager des Diplomatischen Korps        |          |                 |            |                  |
| (in der Reihenfolge ihrer Notifizierung)        |          |                 |            |                  |
| Koordinator fur deutsch-amerikanische           |          |                 |            |                  |
| Zusammenarbeit                                  |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 40.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Koordinator fur deutsch-franzosische            |          |                 |            |                  |
| Zusammenarbeit                                  |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 41.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Stellvertretende Vorsitzende der Fraktionen     |          |                 |            |                  |
| des Deutschen Bundestages (in der Reigenfolge   |          |                 |            |                  |
| der Starke der Fraktionen)                      |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 42.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Vorsitzende der Ausschusse des Deutschen        |          |                 |            |                  |
| Bundestages (in der Reihenfolge der             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Ausschusse)                                     |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 43.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Stellvertretende Vorsitzende der im             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Deutschen Bundestag vertretenen Parteien (in    |          |                 |            |                  |
| der Reihenfolge der Starke der bei der jeweils  |          |                 |            |                  |
| letzten Wahl zum Deutschen Bundestag auf sie    |          |                 |            |                  |
| entfallen Stimmen)                              |          |                 |            |                  |
| 44.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Ehemalige Bundesminister (nach Alter)           |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 45.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Ehemalige Ministerprasidenten der Lander        |          |                 |            |                  |
| (nach Alter)                                    |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 46.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Prasident des Bundesrechnunghofes               |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 47.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Staatsminister des Bundes                       |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 48.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Parlamentarische Staatssekretare                |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 49.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Staatssekretar des Bundes                       |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 50.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Staatssekretare der Lander im Kabinettsrang     |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 51.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Kanzler des Ordens "Pour le merite"             |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 52.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Prasidenten der Obersten Bundesgerichte         |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 53.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Bundesverfassungsgerichts                       |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 54.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages            |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
| 55.                                             |          |                 |            |                  |
| Hochste Reprasentanten der Kommunalen           |          |                 |            |                  |
| Spitzenverbande                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                                 |          |                 |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           | GERMANY    | UNITED STATES    |
|----------------------------------------------|----------|-----------|------------|------------------|
| Civilian                                     | Military | Military  | Civilian   | LN               |
| 56.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Prasident der Bundesanstalt fur Arbeit       |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 57.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Wehrbeauftragter des Deutschen               |          |           |            |                  |
| Bundestages                                  |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 58.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Generalinspekteur der Bundeswehr             |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          | Chairman, |            |                  |
| Joint Chief of                               |          |           |            |                  |
| Staff                                        |          |           |            |                  |
| 59.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Abgeordnete des Europaischen Parlaments      |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 60.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Prasidenten der Staats- oder                 |          |           |            |                  |
| Verfassungsgerichtshofe der Lander in        |          |           |            |                  |
| alphabetischer Reihenfolge der Lander        |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 61.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Fraktionsvorsitzende und Landesvorsitzende   |          |           |            |                  |
| der in den Landtagen/Burgerschaften          |          |           |            |                  |
| vertretenen Parteien                         |          |           |            |                  |
| 62.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Vizeprasidenten der                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Landtage/Burgerschaften                      |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 63.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Direktor beim Deutschen Bundestag            |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 64.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Direktor des Bundesrates                     |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 65.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Auslandische Generalkonsuln                  |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 66.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| General/                                     |          |           |            |                  |
| Admiral                                      |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| general/                                     |          |           |            |                  |
| Admiral                                      |          |           |            |                  |
| SES 1                                        |          |           |            |                  |
| 67.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Stellvertretender Chef des Presse- und       |          |           |            |                  |
| Informationsamtes der Bundesregierung        |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 68.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Stellvertretender Regierungssprecher des     |          |           |            |                  |
| Presse- und Informationsamtes der            |          |           |            |                  |
| Bundesregierung                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 69.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Prasidenten der Rechnungshofe der Lander     |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 70.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Staatssekretare und ihnen gleichstehende     |          |           |            |                  |
| Beamte der Lander als standige Vertreter der |          |           |            |                  |
| Minister (in alphabetischer Reihenfolge der  |          |           |            |                  |
| Lander; untereinander in der jeweiligen      |          |           |            |                  |
| Reihenfolge ihrer Ressorts)                  |          |           |            |                  |
| 71.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Auslandische Konsuln                         |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 72.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Ministerialdirektoren des Bundes (nach       |          |           |            |                  |
| Dienstalter)                                 |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 73.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| General-                                     |          |           |            |                  |
| leutnant/                                    |          |           |            |                  |
| Vizeadmiral                                  |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 74.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Auslandische Verteidigungsattaches in der    |          |           |            |                  |
| Reihenfolge ihrer Notifizierung              |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 75.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Abgeordnete der Landtage/Burgerschaften,     |          |           |            |                  |
| Mitglieder des Bayerischen Senats            |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 76.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Vizeprasident des Bundesrechnungshofes       |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 77.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Botschafter                                  |          |           |            |                  |
| (German Foreign Service)                     |          |           |            |                  |
| 78.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Bundesbankdirektor                           |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 79.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Prasident des Bundesamtes fur                |          |           |            |                  |
| Verfassungsschutz                            |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 80.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Prasident des Bundesamtes fur Wehrtechnik    |          |           |            |                  |
| und Beschaffung                              |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 81.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Prasident des Bundeskriminalamtes            |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 82.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Prasident des Bundesnachrichtendienstes      |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 83.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Oberbundesanwalt beim Bundesver-             |          |           |            |                  |
| waltungsgericht                              |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 84.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Regierungsprasident                          |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 85.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Generalmajor/                                |          |           |            |                  |
| Konteradmiral                                |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| major general/                               |          |           |            |                  |
| rear admiral                                 |          |           |            |                  |
| (upper half)                                 |          |           |            |                  |
| 86.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Oberfinanzprasident                          |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
| 87.                                          |          |           |            |                  |
| Prasident des Bundeswehrverwaltungs-         |          |           |            |                  |
| amtes                                        |          |           |            |                  |
|                                              |          |           |            |                  |
|              |     |            |
|--------------|-----|------------|
| SES 2        |     | lieutenant |
| general/     |     |            |
| vice admiral |     |            |
| SES 3        |     |            |
|                                          |          |          | GERMANY    | UNITED STATES    |
|------------------------------------------|----------|----------|------------|------------------|
| Civilian                                 | Military | Military | Civilian   | LN               |
| 88.                                      |          |          |            |                  |
| Prasident einer Wehrbereichsverwaltung   |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 89.                                      |          |          |            |                  |
| Regierungsprasident                      |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 90.                                      |          |          |            |                  |
| Vizeprasident beim Bundesamt fur         |          |          |            |                  |
| Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung              |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 91.                                      |          |          |            |                  |
| Inspekteur des Bundesgrenzschutzes (BGS) |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 92.                                      |          |          |            |                  |
| Auslandische Teilstreitkraftattaches     |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 93.                                      |          |          |            |                  |
| Botschafter                              |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 94.                                      |          |          |            |                  |
| Bundesbeauftragter fur den Zivildienst   |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 95.                                      |          |          |            |                  |
| Bundesdisziplinaranwalt                  |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 96.                                      |          |          |            |                  |
| Bundeswehrdisziplinaranwalt              |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 97.                                      |          |          |            |                  |
| Direktor beim Bundesrechnungshof         |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 98.                                      |          |          |            |                  |
| Generalkonsul                            |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 99.                                      |          |          |            |                  |
| Gesandter                                |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 100.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Militargeneraldekan                      |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 101.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Militargeneralvikar                      |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 102.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Ministerialdirigent                      |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 103.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Kommandeur im BGS                        |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 104.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Brigade-                                 |          |          |            |                  |
| general/                                 |          |          |            |                  |
| Flottillen-                              |          |          |            |                  |
| admiral                                  |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 105.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Erster Direktor beim Bundesamt fur       |          |          |            |                  |
| Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung              |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 106.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Landespolizeiprasident                   |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 107.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Inspekteur der Polizei (Land)            |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 108.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Ministerialdirigent (Landesbehorde)      |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 109.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Prasident der Bundesakademie fur         |          |          |            |                  |
| Wehrverwaltung und Wehrtechnik           |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 110.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Prasident des Amtes fur Wehrgeophysik    |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 111.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Direktor einer Erprobungsstelle          |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 112.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Erster Direktor beim Bundesamt fur Wehr- |          |          |            |                  |
| technik und Beschaffung                  |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 113.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Leitender Direktor des Marinearsenals    |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 114.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Prasident der Bundesbaudirektion         |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 115.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Prasident des Bundessprachenamtes        |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 116.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Prasident einer Hochschule der           |          |          |            |                  |
| Bundeswehr                               |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 117.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Botschafter                              |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 118.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Direktor des Bundesamtes fur den         |          |          |            |                  |
| Zivildienst                              |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 119.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Leiter des Luftfahrt Bundesamtes         |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 120.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Direktor einer Erprobungsstelle          |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 121.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Finanzprasident                          |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 122.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Generalkonsul                            |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 123.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Gesandter                                |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 124.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Leitender Ministerialrat (Landesbehorde) |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 125.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Ministerialrat                           |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 126.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Vortragender Legationsrat Erster Klasse  |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 127.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Oberst/                                  |          |          |            |                  |
| Kapitan zur                              |          |          |            |                  |
| See                                      |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 128.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Direktor beim Bundesamt fur Wehrtechnik  |          |          |            |                  |
| und Beschaffung (als Leiter einer        |          |          |            |                  |
| Unterabteilung)                          |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 129.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Direktor beim Marinearsenal              |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| 130.                                     |          |          |            |                  |
| Direktor der Materialprufstelle der      |          |          |            |                  |
| Bundeswehr                               |          |          |            |                  |
|                                          |          |          |            |                  |
| SES 4          |        |
|----------------|--------|
| general/       |        |
| rear admiral   |        |
| (lower half)   |        |
| colonel/       |        |
| captain (Navy) |        |
| GS-15          | SSS 10 |
|                                         |          |          | GERMANY    | UNITED STATES    |
|-----------------------------------------|----------|----------|------------|------------------|
| Civilian                                | Military | Military | Civilian   | LN               |
| 131.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Botschafter (A16)                       |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 132.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Botschaftsrat Erster Klasse (A16)       |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 133.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Dekan (A16)                             |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 134.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Direktor einer Erprobungsstelle         |          |          |            |                  |
| (                                       |          |          |            |                  |
| A16)                                    |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 135.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Generalkonsul                           |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 136.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Gesandter                               |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 137.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Leitender Direktor                      |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 138.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Oberstaatsanwalt beim Bundesver-        |          |          |            |                  |
| waltungsgericht                         |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 139.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Vortragender Legationsrat Erster Klasse |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 140.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Kanzler einer Hochschule der Bundeswehr |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 141.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Oberstudiendirektor                     |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 142.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Leitender Polizeidirektor/BGS           |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 143.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Oberst/                                 |          |          |            |                  |
| Kapitan zur                             |          |          |            |                  |
| See                                     |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 144.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Botschaftsrat                           |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 145.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Dekan                                   |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 146.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Generalkonsul                           |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 147.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Vortragender Legationsrat               |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 148.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Realschuldirektor                       |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 149.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Studiendirektor                         |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 150.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Polizeidirektor/BGS                     |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 151.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Oberst-                                 |          |          |            |                  |
| leutnant/                               |          |          |            |                  |
| Fregatten-                              |          |          |            |                  |
| kapitan                                 |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 152.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Konsul Legationsrat Erster Klasse       |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 153.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Pfarrer                                 |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 154.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Polizeioberrat/BGS                      |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 155.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Oberstudienrat                          |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 156.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Oberst-                                 |          |          |            |                  |
| leutnant/                               |          |          |            |                  |
| Fregatten-                              |          |          |            |                  |
| kapitan                                 |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 157.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Konsul/Legationsrat                     |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 158.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Pfarrer                                 |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 159.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Studienrat                              |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 160.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Polizeirat/BGS                          |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 161.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Major/                                  |          |          |            |                  |
| Korvetten-                              |          |          |            |                  |
| kapitan                                 |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 162.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Regierungsoberamtmann                   |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 163.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Amtsrat                                 |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 164.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Kanzler Erster Klasse                   |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 165.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Hauptmann/                              |          |          |            |                  |
| Kapitan-                                |          |          |            |                  |
| leutnant                                |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 166.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Regierungsamtmann                       |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 167.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Kriminalhauptkommissar                  |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 168.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Kanzler                                 |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 169.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Oberleutnant                            |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 1st lieutenant/                         |          |          |            |                  |
| lieutenant                              |          |          |            |                  |
| junior grade                            |          |          |            |                  |
| (Navy)                                  |          |          |            |                  |
| 170.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Regierungsoberinspektor                 |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 171.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Kriminaloberkommissar                   |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
| 172.                                    |          |          |            |                  |
| Konsulatssekretar Erster Klasse         |          |          |            |                  |
|                                         |          |          |            |                  |
colonel/
captain (Navy)
GS-15
SSS 9
GS-14
C-10
lieutenant colonel/ commander (Navy) lieutenant colonel/ commander
GS-13/ GS-14
C-9/ C-10/ SSS 8
GS-12
C-7a/
C-8
major/ lieutenant commander
GS-10/ GS-11
C-6a/ C-7
captain/ lieutenant (Navy)
GS-8/ GS-9
C-6/ C-6a
|                           |                |                 | GERMANY    | UNITED STATES    |
|---------------------------|----------------|-----------------|------------|------------------|
| Civilian                  | Military       | Military        | Civilian   | LN               |
| 173.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Leutnant                  |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 2d lieutenant/            |                |                 |            |                  |
| ensign (Navy)             |                |                 |            |                  |
| GS-7                      | C-5a           |                 |            |                  |
| 174.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Regierungsinspektor       |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                | warrant officer |            |                  |
| command                   |                |                 |            |                  |
| sergeant major            |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 175.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Oberstabs-                |                |                 |            |                  |
| feldwebel/                |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| Stabsfeld-                |                |                 |            |                  |
| webel                     |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 176.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Kriminalkommissar         |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 177.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Konsulatssekretar         |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 178.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Kriminalinspektor         |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           | sergeant major | 179.            |            |                  |
| Hauptfeld-                |                |                 |            |                  |
| webel/Ober-               |                |                 |            |                  |
| fahnrich                  |                |                 |            |                  |
| 180.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Regierungshauptsekretar   |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 181.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Kriminalobermeister       |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 182.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Oberfeldwebel             |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| master                    |                |                 |            |                  |
| sergeant                  |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           | C-5            |                 |            |                  |
| 183.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Regierungsobersekretar    |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 184.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Kriminalmeister           |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 185.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Feldwebel/                |                |                 |            |                  |
| Fahnrich                  |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| sergeant first            |                |                 |            |                  |
| class                     |                |                 |            |                  |
| GS-6                      | C-4a           |                 |            |                  |
| 186.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Regierungssekretar        |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 187.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Kriminalhauptwachtmeister |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 188.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Stabsunter-               |                |                 |            |                  |
| offizier                  |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| staff sergeant            |                |                 |            |                  |
| 189.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Regierungsassistent       |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 190.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Fahnenjunker/             |                |                 |            |                  |
| Unteroffizier             |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| sergeant                  | GS-5           | C-3             |            |                  |
| 191.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Amtsmeister               |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 192.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Hauptgefreiter            |                |                 |            |                  |
| corporal                  | GS-4           | C-2             |            |                  |
| 193.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Hauptwachtmeister         |                |                 |            |                  |
| (Police)                  |                |                 |            |                  |
| 194.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Obergefreiter             |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| private first             |                |                 |            |                  |
| class                     |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 195.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Hauptamtsgehilfe          |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 196.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Oberwachtmeister          |                |                 |            |                  |
| (Police)                  |                |                 |            |                  |
| 197.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Gefreiter                 |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| private, E2               |                |                 |            |                  |
| 198.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Oberamtsgehilfe           |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| 199.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Wachtmeister              |                |                 |            |                  |
| (Police)                  |                |                 |            |                  |
| 200.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Soldat                    |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
| private, E1               | GS-3           |                 |            |                  |
| 201.                      |                |                 |            |                  |
| Amtsgehilfe               |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |
|                           |                |                 |            |                  |

C-1. ADDRESSING ENVELOPES
a. Envelopes will be addressed as shown in the following samples:


(1) To the community mayor (and spouse):


Herrn Burgermeister


Franz Xaver Obermeyer


und Frau Gemahlin


Rathaus


35279 Neustadt
(2) To the county commissioner (and spouse):


Herrn Landrat


Dr. h.c. Egon Liebknecht


und Frau Gemahlin


Landratsamt


35279 Neustadt
(3) To a teacher at the local *Gymnasium* (high school):


Frau Studienratin


Dr. Marianne Wiedmann


Gymnasium


35279 Neustadt
(4) To a female member of the Federal Parliament:


Frau Anna Berger, MdB


Bundeshaus


10117 Berlin

NOTE: MdB stands for *Mitglied des Bundestages* (member of the Federal Parliament). For a member of the State Parliament,
MdL (*Mitglied des Landtages*) would be used.
b. Addresses should be written in block form as shown above. The Herrn or *Frau* is on the first line, and the addressee's
academic and honorary titles (Doktor, *Professor*) and name are on the second line. The name of the spouse (if included in the
invitation) is on the third line. If the invitation is extended only to a woman, use *Frau* (Mrs.). Note that the correct title usage
of *Herr* in an address is *Herrn*. If the guest is unmarried, write *und Gast* (and guest).

C-2. INVITATIONS
Invitations should be in the following format:
Der Kommandierende General Des Amerikanischen Heeres in Europa und der Siebten Armee und Frau (insert name)
haben die Ehre, Sie zu einem Weihnachts- und Neujahrsempfang am Donnerstag, dem 17. Dezember, von 15 bis 18 Uhr im Village Pavilion, Patrick Henry Village, Heidelberg, einzuladen U.A.w.g.

Militar: Ausgehanzug/
Tel.: 06221-394520
Weies Hemd

Zivil: Straenanzug The Commanding General United States Army, Europe, and Seventh Army and Mrs. (insert name)
request the pleasure of your company at a Christmas/New Year's Reception on Thursday, the seventeenth of December, from three until six o'clock at the Village Pavilion, Patrick Henry Village, Heidelberg R.S.V.P.

Military: Army Blue Heidelberg military (377) 4520 or four-in-hand tie Heidelberg civilian 06221-394520
Civilian: Informal


GLOSSARY

BdA
Bundesverband der Arbeitgeber
BGS
Bundesgrenzschutz
BKA
Bundeskriminalamt
CG, USAREUR/7A
Commanding General, United States Army, Europe, and Seventh Army
DAG
Deutsche Angestellten-Gewerkschaft
DGB
Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund
e.h.
ehrenhalber
e.V.
eingetragener Verein
GS
General Schedule
h.c.
honoris causa
HQ USAREUR/7A
Headquarters, United States Army, Europe, and Seventh Army
IG
Industriegewerkschaft
IHK
Industrie- und *Handelskammer*
Interpol
International Criminal Police Organization
LKA
Landeskriminalamt
LN
local national
MdB
Mitglied des Bundestages
MdL
Mitglied des Landtages
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Verdi
Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft
PAO
public affairs officer
Q.b.A.
Qualitatswein besonderer Auszeichnung
R.S.V.P.
repondez, s'il vous plait
SES
senior executive service
SSS
special salary schedule
U.A.w.g.
Um Antwort wird gebeten
U.S.
United States
USAREUR
United States Army, Europe
USFLO
United States Forces liaison officer