## Oif Smart Card 4 Characteristics Of An Ied

THE IEDS EMPLOYED HAVE HAD ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS:
COMMAND DETONATED - EITHER BY WIRE OR REMOTE DEVICE

TIME DELAY FUSE- IEDS COULD ALSO BE TIME DELAYED TO DETONATE.
IEDS MAY BE EMPLACED IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS:
EMPLACED ALONG MSRS AND ASRS.

EMPLOYED ALONG UNIMPROVED ROADS IN MEDIANS

CONCEALED IN NON-THREATENING PACKAGING
DO NOT APPROACH OR TAMPER WITH A SUSPECTED IED.  CALL EOD
Proponent for this card is CJTF-7  / C3 Training Cell - CALL LNO
Camp Victory,Baghdad Iraq, APO AE 09342

## The Ied And Vbied Threat (Improvised Explosives Device) (Vehicular Borne Ied) Remember The 4 C'S - Clear, Cordon, Control, And Call Eod. Ied / Uxo Battle Drill

155 round under sandbag and trash bag
155 round under sandbag and trash bag

Step 1.  Clear Leave the immediate area;
detonation may be imminent, secondary devices
may be present.
Step 2.  Cordon Establish a perimeter
(300m small device/ 1000m up to van-size /
2000m water truck or semi)
Step 3.  Control Maintain visual
(Binoculars/scopes) observation to ensure no
one tampers with the device; maintain security.

your supporting EOD to respond (9-line IED/UXO Spot Report).

This could be your hand if you try to neutralize
UXOs or IEDs.  The enemy has established
collapsing circuits and booby traps to catch you
when you try defusing.  Leave it to the experts.

IEDs and VBIEDs are the largest cause of Coalition injury at current time, and the largest threat that coalition forces face.  An IED can be almost anything with any type of material and initiator.  And vehicles of every imaginable sort can become a vehicle borne IED.  Vigilance in performing your duties and ensuring there is 360 degree security are keys to not becoming a statistic to the IED threat.

## Call Eod - Do Not Be A Bloody Hero. 1 Emplacement Ttps Remote Control Devices

1.
Camouflaging devices with bags of various types to resemble the garbage along the
roadways or burying these devices in the roadbed.
2.
Using a decoy device out in the open to slow or stop convoys in the kill zone of the actual
device that is obscured along the route of travel.
3.
Throwing devices from overpasses or from the road-side in front of approaching vehicles or
the middle of convoys; usually done by males of all ages.
4.
Emplaced in potholes (covered with dirt).
5.
Employed along MSRs and ASRs (targeting convoys).
6.
Employed along unimproved roads (targeting patrols).
7.
IEDs often used in conjunction with RPG/SA fire as a distraction to divert attention of
Coalition Forces (create a kill zone for subsequent attacks by RPG/SA fire).
8.
VBIEDs used to gain access/close proximity to compounds/buildings.
Remote control devices of every sort are showing up.  They include Car Alarms, key fobs, Door Bells, Remotes for toy cars, Garage Door Openers, Cell Phones, FRS and GMRS two-way radios.

9.
Worn by attacker (suicide vests); possibly employed by women to gain proximity to Coalition
Forces.
IEDs can be disguised to look like any object and to function through a multitude of actions.  An IED is only limited by the Bomber's imagination and capabilities. IEDs are unpredictable and extremely hazardous to all, including the Bomber.

The adaptation of using radios, cell phones and other remote control devices has given the enemy the standoff ability to watch forces from a distance and not be compromised. the enemy has continued to improve there techniques, and more sophisticated and destructive devices are being discovered.

## Common Roadside Ied

Common roadside IEDs are explosives, usually an artillery or mortar round(s) placed near the road at the designated kill point.  They may be hastily camouflaged with dirt, rocks, trash, or of items that are common along the road.  Early in the operations, these devices were command detonated with usually an attack of small arms fire or RPG rounds.

155mm Artillery round next to the road, blasting cap and Det cord were located in the fuze well.

## Ied / Uxo Report

possible. equipment, facilities, or other assets. your current tactical situation and how the presence of the UXO affects your status.

Line 8. Protective Measures: Describe any measures taken to protect personnel and equipment.

Line 9. Recommended Priority: Recommend a priority for response by EOD technicians or engineers.

Spool of wire, battery, and a remote device were located at the firing observation point.  At the top of a dirt mound.

Results of this incident were several soldiers requiring MEDEVAC along with loss of supplies, vehicle, and trailer.  The person firing the device escaped before he could be engaged.

## Basis Types Of Explosives Used

The most common explosives used are military munitions, usually 122 mm or greater mortar/tank/artillery
- This is the easiest to use since there are so many
munitions available in the ITO and they provided a ready made fragmentation effect
- Allows for relatively easy "daisy chaining"
Other types include putting PE4,TNT, or other explosive in container such as oil/paint cans.

## Vehicle Borne Ieds Why Are Vbieds More Dangerous?

Vehicle borne IEDs come in all shapes, colors, and sizes. From a simple passenger car, to a large delivery or sewage truck.  There have even been instances of what appeared to be generators, donkey drawn carts, and ambulances used to attempt attacks on Coalition Forces and the New Iraqi Government. To include using vehicles that are familiar to coalition forces.

by vehicle IED.  The auto disintegrated upon detonation.

Suspected 155mm artillery
rounds as the main charge,
unknown number of rounds
used.

VBIEDs have increasingly used larger amounts of explosives, and the explosive charge has ranged anywhere from 100lbs to well over 1000 pounds.  And has included things such as mortar rounds, rocket motors, rocket warheads, PE4
explosives, and artillery rounds.

Wires connected to battery
running back to the charge in
the trunk, under the rear seat,
and to the switch above the
drivers sun visor.   This
VBIED was captured intact.

A growing technique is to have multiple vehicles involved.  The lead vehicle is used as a decoy or barrier buster, once it has been stopped or neutralized and the coalition forces start moving to inspect or detain - the main VBIED comes crashing though and into the crowd and detonates.  Thus increasing their casualty ratio. Service members need to stay alert to signs and indicators to prevent the VBIED from reaching its destination.  Of these are fake markings and plates, official symbols in the wrong location, drivers that are not familiar with the vehicles controls, and drivers that seem to be agitated or lost in their directions.

1)  Immediately establish a security perimeter

Clear the area of all civilians and soldiers

Airspace included

Search for secondary devices

Request Local MP support
1. Use counter-recon and route security patrols along highly traveled
MSRs and other convoy routes. Aggressive patrolling can mitigate the threat; devices have been encountered that the perpetrator had not had time to finishing emplacing.
2)  Gather as much info as possible.

What does the object looks like?

Where is the device?

Who first identified the object?*

Let them tell their story
1. While traveling in a convoy, watch the sides of the roads for
objects that look out of place and stay alert.
2. Increase the knowledge of Coalition forces on IED awareness and
minimize knowledge of operations to non-Coalition personnel.
3. Assume any manmade object encountered can contain an IED. Do
not drive over or step on sandbags, garbage bags, burlap material, boxes, or garbage in the road while on patrol.
3)  Notify EOD

Request an expanded perimeter

EOD will conduct analysis/diagnostics

Remote Reconnaissance/Disruption

Use EOD UXO/IED 9-Line
4. Upon discovering an IED, assume it can be remote detonated.  Be
aware of any suspicious individuals in the area and secure a safe distance around the device.
5. IEDs have been found that were targeting vehicles traveling in
either the left or right lanes on the highways; drive aggressively and keep vigilance when driving for the above mentioned objects.
The enemy has increased its use of false IEDs to draw personnel into the kill zone.  Using collapsing circuits, and using booby traps to catch personnel attempting to disarm IEDs.

6. IEDs currently used to target an initial Coalition activity (ex: convoy
or patrol); future incidents could target a secondary activity (ex: first responders-MPs, EOD) as the devices and employment TTPs gain complexity.

## Remember - Do Not Attempt To Disarm An Ied Yourself. They Bring The Attack To You.

Fake Ambulance, had over 1000 pounds of explosives inside it.


LET THEM KNOW THAT YOU ARE READY: The enemy is looking for an easy mark.  He wants to get away.  Show him that you are not an easy target.

VEHICLE DISPERSION:  75 m to 100 m or greater, makes it more difficult to
correctly target the convoy - this results in late or early detonation and the likelihood that the enemy will not get away.

KNOW THE INDICATORS: Bags, piles of rocks, piles of dirt in or beside the
road.  If you don't like what you see, trust your instinct, stop, turn around, and go another way.  Report observation through the chain of command. Let the experts check it out.

VARY THE ROUTE AND TIME AND SPEED OF TRAVEL: We know the
enemy is watching us and attempting to determine our patterns; make every attempt to vary this pattern; never take the same route twice in two days. The enemy placed the IED there for a reason, and he is targeting you!

ALWAYS HAVE FRONT AND REAR SECURITY OUT: Roll up or remove
HMMWV/FMTV canvas, so that you can see behind you, and pay attention to where you are going.  Determine who has what security responsibilities before you move, face out during movement and constantly scan assigned sectors of fire.  Many ambushes are initiated with an RPG shot from the rear.

REPORT, SECURE AND REDUCE CACHE SITES: The enemy is drawing his
supply of explosives from somewhere.

TRAVEL IN CONVOYS OF 3 OR MORE VEHICLES: The enemy may not
detonate the IED if he believes that he will be caught.  It is very difficult to successfully attack 3 or more vehicles if they are widely dispersed.

VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS: Install machinegun mounts and outward facing
seats.

SANDBAG VEHICLES, WEAR IBA AND HELMETS:  ...these actions have
saved lives.