# Infantry And Weapons Company Guide To Training Aids, Devices, Simulators, And Simulations July 2009

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HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

         This publication is available at
Army Knowledge Online (www.us.army.mil) and
General Dennis J. Reimer Training and Doctrine
    Digital Library at (www.train.army.mil).

# Infantry And Weapons Company Guide To Training Aids, Devices, Simulators, And Simulations

## Contents

Page
PREFACE ........ vi INTRODUCTION ........ vii
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW ........ 1-1
Types and Categories ........ 1-1 Training Support System ........ 1-4 Combined Arms Training Strategy ........ 1-5
Chapter 2
CASE STUDY ........ 2-1
Section I - TRAINING STRATEGY ........ 2-1 Event Planning Example ........ 2-1 Task-to-TADSS Matrixes ........ 2-3 TADSS-Supported Training Strategy ........ 2-8 End-State Multiechelon Training ........ 2-9 Training Challenges ........ 2-10 Section II - LIVE/VIRTUAL/CONSTRUCTIVE INTEGRATED-USE CASE ........ 2-11 Training ........ 2-11 Battle Command Stimulation/Simulation ........ 2-12
Example ........ 2-13
Chapter 3
CATEGORIES ........ 3-1
Section I - SYSTEM TADSS ........ 3-1 Hand Grenade ........ 3-1 High-Mobility, Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle ........ 3-2 Javelin........ 3-2 Long-Range, Laser-Designator Rangefinder ........ 3-5 M2 Machine Gun ........ 3-8 M203 Grenade Launcher ........ 3-9 M240B and M60 Machine Guns ........ 3-9 M249 Machine Gun ........ 3-10 M9 Pistol ........ 3-11

Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Table 2-5. Example commander's TADSS elimination. ........ 2-8 Table 2-6. Example format for training strategy end-state. ........ 2-10 Table 2-7. Company live, virtual, and constructive training mix. ........ 2-11 Table 2-8. Additional resources for UO STX. ........ 2-13
Table 3-1. Nonlethal capability set/kit platoon set component list. ........ 3-16 Table 3-2. Nonlethal capability set/kit ammunition list. ........ 3-17 Table 3-3. Nonlethal strategy. ........ 3-17 Table 3-4. Training-unique ammunition. ........ 3-25 Table 3-5. M794/M172 round requisition information. ........ 3-27 Table 3-6. Commercial off-the-shelf simulation capabilities. ........ 3-44 Table 3-7. Engagement skills trainer weapons mix. ........ 3-50 Table 3-8. Graphic training aids. ........ 3-51 Table 3-9. MILES TSC device numbers. ........ 3-62 Table 3-10. Infantry targetry. ........ 3-77
Table A-1. Rifle company task-to-TADSS matrix (IBCT CATS). ........ A-1 Table A-2. Rifle company task-to-TADSS matrix (functional CATS, SOSO, UO). ........ A-3 Table B-1. Rifle platoon task-to-TADSS matrix. ........ B-1 Table C-1. Rifle squad task-to-TADSS matrix. ........ C-1 Table D-1. Mortar section task-to-TADSS matrix. ........ D-1 Table E-1. Weapons company task-to-TADSS matrix. ........ E-1 Table E-2. Weapons company task-to-TADSS matrix (functional CATS, SOSO, and UO). ... E-2 Table F-1. Weapons platoon task-to-TADSS matrix (IBCT CATS). ........ F-1 Table F-2. Weapons platoon task-to-TADSS matrix (functional CATS, SOSO, UO). ........ F-3 Table G-1. Weapons company gunnery tables task-to-TADSS matrix. ........ G-1

## Preface

This circular provides leaders with information about and training guidance for using training aids, devices, simulators, and simulations (TADSS) in support of the Infantry rifle and weapons company. It also describes how leaders may use TADSS to support specific training events. It follows the doctrine in FM 7-0 and FM 7-1 and complements the IBCT combined arms training strategy (CATS). Finally, it provides TADSS training programs for use by the Infantry company leader (DA Pamphlet 350-9 provides additional TADSS
information):

- Chapter 1 explains how TADSS work within the Army's training infrastructure by showing how Infantry
company leaders can use the IBCT CATS to support their unit training strategy.
- Chapter 2 contains examples of how TADSS are used. - Chapter 3 describes the TADSS, and their capabilities, limitations, recommended training strategies, and
supporting references.
- Each appendix provides a matrix that links tasks to TADSS and that support the Infantry CATS, from
mortar section to company.
This publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) unless otherwise stated. The proponent of this publication is the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC).  The preparing agency is the US Army Infantry School. You may send comments and recommendations by any meansUS mail, e-mail, fax, or telephone, as long as you use or follow the format of DA Form 2028, Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms. You may also phone for more information:


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                                  COM 706-545-6223/-1619 (DSN 835)

     US Mail
                            Commandant, USAIS

                            ATTN: ATSH-OTY

                            7602 Chesney St

                            Fort Benning, GA 31905-5593

Uniforms shown in this manual were drawn without camouflage for clarity of the illustration.

Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns may refer to either men or women.

## Introduction

Today's broad range of missions and the unpredictable nature of the contemporary operational environment
(COE) cause personnel turbulence, high operating tempo (OPTEMPO), and new equipment and systems.

Time is an inflexible resourcethere is never enough, and it cannot be increased. Leaders improvise with the resources at hand, exploit opportunities, and accomplish the mission within the commander's intent. They achieve combat readiness by effectively using TADSS for realistic and challenging training. Identifying and integrating TADSS supports the *crawl-walk-run* training approach.

##

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## Chapter 1 Overview

Training aids, devices, simulators, and simulations (TADSS) provide realistic training conditions in simulated environments. FM 7-1 defines TADSS as a general term including training instrumentation systems; tactical engagement simulation systems (TESS); battle simulations; targetry; training-unique ammunition (TUA); dummy, drill, and inert munitions; casualty assessment systems; graphic training aids (GTAs); and other training support devices. Effective use of TADSS helps leaders ensure that battle-focused training is realistic and challenging. TADSS should be considered and used in each phase of the Army training management cycle to assist leaders create the proper training conditions. TADSS reduce use of expensive equipment and thus lengthen their effective lives. They also save OPTEMPO dollars, are safer than real equipment, allow repetitive training in different situations (varied conditions), and protect the environment.

## Types And Categories

1-1.

There are four types of TADSS and two categories of TADSS. Use of the terms "types" and
"categories" is important only because it provides a way to distinguish between the two sets into which TADSS may be grouped:

## Types

1-2.
The four types of trainers derive from the acronym itself and include the following. Some TADSS
fall cleanly into one, while others may belong to two or more:
- Training aids.
- Training devices.
- Simulators.
- Simulations.

## Categories

1-3.

TADSS are also categorized as to whether they support a system or not. Table 1-1 lists all of the TADSS covered in this book alphabetically and identifies each by category.

## System

1-4.

System TADSS are designed for use with one or more systems, items of equipment, subassemblies, or components. The TADSS may support training tasks at any level, that is, individual, crew, collective, or combined arms. System TADSS may also be standalone, embedded, or appended.

## Nonsystem

1-5.

Nonsystem TADSS support non-system-specific and other military training.

Category
System
Training Device
Advanced Bradley Full-Crew Interactive Simulator Trainer
X

BFV crew gunnery
America's Army

X
Individual and squad collective
AN/TDQ-T1 RADIAC Trainer
X

AN/PDR-56F RADIAC Meter
AN/TDQ-T2 RADIAC Training Set
X

AN/PDR-56F RADIAC Meter
Antitank Guided Missile Vehicle Basic Skills Trainer
X

ATGM gunnery
Ashley Targets
X

Close Quarter Combat
AT4 Field Handler Trainer
X

M136 AT4 non-firing tasks
ATGM Vehicle Basic Skills Trainer
X

Stryker ATGM gunnery
Bradley Advanced Training Systems
X

M2A3 BFV gunnery
Call-for-Fire Trainer

X
Observed indirect fire tasks
Casualty Simulation Kit

X
Combat lifesaver tasks
Chemical Agent Monitor Simulator
X

Chemical Agent Monitor
Close Combat Mission Capability Kit

X
Close quarters combat (M9,M4,M16,M249)
Close Combat Tactical Trainer

X
Collective maneuver training
Common Driver Trainer
X

Stryker Driver Training (all variants)
Conduct of Fire Trainer-Enhanced
X

M2A2/ODS BFV gunnery
Engagement Skills Trainer 2000

X
Small arms marksmanship/rules of engagement
Full Spectrum Command

X
Company tactical decisionmaking
Full Spectrum Leader

X
Platoon leadership
Full Spectrum Warrior

X
Small unit operations
Homestation Instrumentation Training System

X
Collective force-on-force
Human Urban Targets

X
Close quarters combat (live fire)
Infantry Moving Target Carrier

X
Small arms marksmanship (live fire)
Infantry Rifle Fire Simulator

X
React to direct fire
Infantry Target Mechanism

X
Small arms marksmanship (live fire)
Intravenous Therapy Trainer

X
Combat lifesaver tasks
Javelin Basic Skills Trainer
X

Javelin gunnery
Javelin Field Tactical Trainer
X

Javelin force-on-force, force on target
Javelin Missile Simulation Round
X

Javelin non-firing operations
Joint Land Component Constructive Training Capability

X
Constructive (battalion and above)
Laser Marksmanship Training System

X
Small arms marksmanship
Location of Miss and Hit

X
Small arms marksmanship (live fire)
M141 Atomic Explosive Simulator

X
Reaction to nuclear attack
M141 BDM Field Handler Trainer
X

M141 BDM non-firing operations
M15 Aiming Card
X

M16 Rifle, M4 Carbine marksmanship
M16 Sighting Device
X

M16 Rifle, M4 Carbine marksmanship
M172 Dummy Round
X

M2 BFV 7.63-mm tasks
M18A1 Claymore Mine Kit, Inert
X

M18/M18A1 Claymore Mine
M19 Blank Firing Adapter Gun
X

M2 Machine Gun, force on force
M190 LAW Subcaliber Training Device
X

M191 LAW marksmanship
M2 Machine Gun Sighting Bar
X

M2 MG marksmanship
M2 ODS Tabletop Full-Fidelity Trainer
X

M2 ODS BFV gunnery
M21 Antitank Practice Mine
X

M21 AT Mine operations
M256 Chemical Detection Training Kit
X

M256 detector kit tasks
Nonsystem
Training Supported
Training Device
M287 Subcaliber Tracer Trainer
X

M136 AT4 marksmanship
M67 Practice Hand Grenade
X

M67 Hand Grenade tasks
M794 Dummy Round
X

M2 BFV 25-mm tasks
M81 Simulation Detector Unit
X

M43A1 Chemical Detector operations
M9 Air-Operated Pistol
X

M9 Pistol quick fire marksmanship
M9 Simulator, Projectile, Airburst, Liquid

X
Chemical detection and decontamination
Machine Gun Sighting Bar
X

M240B MG, M249 MG marksmanship
Mannequin, Head and Torso, CPR Training

X
Combat lifesaver tasks
Mark I Nerve Agent Antidote Training Kit
X

MK I Nerve Agent Antidote Injector tasks
MGS Interim Deployable Advanced Gunnery Training System
X

Stryker MGS gunnery
MK19 GMG Target Engagement Simulation
X

Stryker Mk19 gunnery
MK19 Tactical Engagement Simulation
X

MK19 Grenade Machine Gun, force on force
Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System

X
Individual and collective force-on-force/target
Nonlethal Capability Set

X
Individual and collective nonlethal operations
Precision Gunnery System
X

BFV force-on-force and gunnery
Rapid Decision Trainer

X
Troop leading procedures
Recognition of Combat Vehicles

X
Target recognition
Remote Target System

X
Maneuver force-on-target
Resuscitation Training Mannequin

X
Combat lifesaver tasks
Riddle Sighting Device
X

M16/M4 marksmanship
Rifle-holding Device
X

M16 marksmanship
Selective Lightweight Attack Munitions Trainer

X
M320 SLAM operations
Self-Directed Learning Internet Module ES2 System
X

Every Soldier a Sensor tasks
Sighting Target

X
M240B, M249 machine gun marksmanship
Simulated Long-Range, Laser-Designator Rangefinder
X

LLDR operations
Small Arms Flash Noise Gunfire Simulator

X
React to direct fire
Spider
X

Spider emplacement, detonation and recovery
Target Box Paddle

X
M16 Rifle marksmanship
Targetry and Simulation Device System

X
Individual and collective force-on-target training
TOW Field Tactical Trainer
X

TOW II force-on-force
TOW Gunnery Training System
X

TOW II gunnery
TOW ITAS Basic Skills Trainer
X

TOW ITAS gunnery
TOW ITAS Field Tactical Trainer
X

TOW ITAS force-on-force
TOW Missile Simulation Round
X

TOW non-firing tasks
Training IED

X
Counter IED tasks
Vehicle Instrument Interface Package
X

Stryker force on force
Virtual Combat Convoy Trainer

X
Collective convoy defense
War Wound Moulage Set

X
Combat lifesaver tasks
Category
System
Nonsystem
Training Supported

## Training Support System

1-6.

The TADSS are part of the TSS, a system of systems that provide products to assist the commander. The TSS includes training information infrastructures, TADSS, training products, training services, and training facilities. TSS also provides a reachback capability to the proponent schoolhouse that further expands training support to the commander in the field.

1-7.

Another integral part of the TSS is the Training Support Center (TSC), normally located at home stations. However, to ensure that both training support and reach-back capabilities are available, the TSS
can also be collocated with deployed units as a theater TSC.

1-8.

The Infantry Center and School reach-back portal, located at the Warrior University website, https://www.warrioruniversity.army.mil, provides training information for field units. The website quickly disseminates information on new systems and lessons learned in the contemporary operating environment
(COE). The portal is also part of the Army Training Help Desk Federation to provide information and answers from branch proponents.

1-9.

Commanders plan and develop strategies to train individual, collective, and leader tasks. This can be done in live-virtual-constructive (LVC) (Figure 1-1) environments to enhance training.

Virtual-constructive training support products are used to supplement, enhance, and complement preparation for live training exercises, and to sustain proficiency. Integration of LVC environments can also enhance progression of the unit training strategy through crawl, walk, and run level training.

##

Live training is executed in field conditions to simulate combat conditions. The use of tactical equipment enhanced by simulated systems such as IS, TESS, and GTA
make live training as real as possible. Virtual training injects human-in-the-loop training participation by exercising motor control, decision, and communication skills. Virtual training is executed using computer-generated battlefields in simulators with approximate physical layout of tactical weapon and vehicle systems. The virtual environment allows progressive and repetitious "crawl and walk" training, and provides larger maneuver areas without posing environmental or safety restrictions.

| Constructive                                                                     |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| exercise a unit's command and staff functions from the corps down to the platoon |
| level. Training audiences, consisting of various command and control nodes, are  |
| linked by communications systems and stimulated by constructive simulations.     |

1-10.

Commanders determine what training support is required by examining the who, what, when, and where of their training strategy. They consider the allocation of ranges and ammunition for weapons qualification and live fire events; training areas for live engagement simulation exercises; simulators to support various levels of training exercises; constructive and virtual simulations for individual, leader and collective training; and training unique ammunition requirements. The use of TADSS includes planning, preparation, and execution of equipment issue, accountability, maintenance, and turn-in.

## Combined Arms Training Strategy

1-11.

The CATS is a descriptive training strategy intended to aid units in reaching and sustaining a training band of excellence (BOE) described in the context of a "T" rating IAW AR 220-1, Unit Status Reporting. The CATS describes the Lifecycle Model (Figure 1-2) as a reset, train, alert, and deploy sequence. The Lifecycle model consists of two phases: Reset/Train, and Ready. The Reset/Train phase requires a unit to undergo six months of intensive training to move into the BOE. After the unit is within the BOE, it maintains and improves proficiency while in the Ready phase until alerted for deployment. After alerted, the unit may undertake specific deployment training with a deployment rehearsal exercise at a Combat Training Center (CTC) or with a CTC-exportable training capability (ETC) at homestation.

1-12.

All CATS training events are gated (crawl-walk-run) to accomplish two objectives (Figure 1-3).

Objective 1 is to bring the unit from reset to trained within the BOE in six months. Objective 2 is to sustain the unit within the BOE until deployed. It requires that skills are validated from individual level to small group collective tasks in lower fidelity events. Objective 2 also emphasizes more demanding conditions designed to develop adaptive leader and Soldier skills in a collective environment. The CATS identifies training gates and capitalizes on multiechelon training opportunities with suitable and efficient means of achieving training proficiency. This is accomplished through the use of TADSS and a mixture of LVC training environments.

1-13.

The CATS provides a descriptive training management tool for leaders unique to unit types. The CATS consists of training tasks, audience, frequency, and event(s) that create the correct training conditions. The IBCT CATS are available in the Digital Training Management System (DTMS) posted on Army Knowledge Online (AKO). They are also linked from Warrior University to AKO.

1-14.

The IBCT Infantry company training strategy includes their organizational elements: company headquarters, platoons, squads, and a mortar section. The IBCT CATS includes task selections recommended for training each echelon (Table 1-2). Task selections, annotated as *XX-TS-XXXX*, include a number of supporting tasks that are named to identify its group of supporting tasks. Table 1-1 provides a list of task selections for the Infantry rifle company down to and including its mortar section.

| Task Selection Title and Number          | Event(s)      | Echelon to Train    |
|------------------------------------------|---------------|---------------------|
| I                                        |               |                     |
| NFANTRY                                  |               |                     |
| C                                        |               |                     |
| OMPANY                                   |               |                     |
|                                          |               |                     |
| Conduct Company Operations, 07-TS-2471   |               |                     |
|                                          |               |                     |
| Class, STX, FTX,                         |               |                     |
| CALFEX                                   |               |                     |
|                                          |               |                     |
| Company                                  |               |                     |
| Prepare for Operations (CO), 07-TS-2472  |               |                     |
|                                          |               |                     |
| SGT Time, TEWT,                          |               |                     |
| DEPEX                                    |               |                     |
| Company HQ                               |               |                     |
| Attack (CO), 07-TS-2473                  | TEWT, STX     | Company             |
| Defend (CO), 07-TS-2474                  | TEWT, STX     | Company             |
| Move Tactically (CO), 07-TS-2475         |               |                     |
|                                          |               |                     |
| TEWT, STX                                | Company       |                     |
| Protect the Force (CO), 07-TS-2476       |               |                     |
|                                          |               |                     |
| TEWT, STX                                | Company       |                     |
| Sustain Digital Proficiency, 07-TS-2477  |               |                     |
|                                          |               |                     |
| SGT Time, COMEX                          | Company       |                     |
| Sustain the Company, 07-TS-2478          |               |                     |
|                                          |               |                     |
| STX                                      | Company       |                     |
| I                                        |               |                     |
| NFANTRY                                  |               |                     |
| P                                        |               |                     |
| LATOON                                   |               |                     |
|                                          |               |                     |
| Conduct Platoon Operations, 07-TS-3471   |               |                     |
| Class, LFX, STX,                         |               |                     |
| FTX(EXEVAL)                              |               |                     |
| Platoon                                  |               |                     |
| Prepare for Operations (PLT), 07-TS-3472 | SGT Time      | Platoon             |
| Attack (PLT), 07-TS-3473                 | SGT Time, STX | Platoon             |
| Defend (PLT), 07-TS-3474                 | SGT Time, STX | Platoon             |
| Move Tactically (PLT), 07-TS-3475        | SGT Time, STX | Platoon             |
| Protect the Force (PLT), 07-TS-3476      | SGT Time      | Platoon             |
| Task Selection Title and Number          | Event(s)      | Echelon to Train    |
| I                                        |               |                     |
| NFANTRY                                  |               |                     |
| S                                        |               |                     |
| QUAD                                     |               |                     |
|                                          |               |                     |
| Conduct Squad Operations, 07-TS-4471     |               |                     |
| Class, STX, LFX,                         |               |                     |
| FTX(EXEVAL)                              |               |                     |
| Squad                                    |               |                     |
| Attack (SQD), 07-TS-4473                 | SGT Time, STX | Squad               |
| Defend (SQD), 07-TS-4474                 | SGT Time, STX | Squad               |
| Move Tactically (SQD), 07-TS-3475        | SGT Time, STX | Squad               |
| M                                        |               |                     |
| ORTAR                                    |               |                     |
| S                                        |               |                     |
| ECTION                                   |               |                     |
|                                          |               |                     |
| Provide Mortar Support, 07-TS-4477       |               |                     |
| Class, SGT Time,                         |               |                     |
| STX, LFX, FTX                            |               |                     |
| Section                                  |               |                     |
| Protect the Force (Mortars), 07-TS-4479  | SGT Time      | Section             |
| Move Tactically (Mortars), 07-TS-4480    | SGT Time      | Section             |

1-15.

Each task selection provides the supporting tasks, training frequency, and recommended training events. Figure 1-4 shows the CATS company echelon task selection *Attack* (CO) (07-TS-2473).

## Task: Attack (Co) ( 07-Ts-2473)

| Supporting Task(s):                                                         |     |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----|
|                                                                             |     |
| Supported                                                                   |     |
| Mission(s):                                                                 |     |
| Offense                                                                     |     |
| Stability                                                                   |     |
| Support                                                                     |     |
| Generic                                                                     |     |
|                                                                             |     |
| 07-2-1000 Conduct an Attack (Infantry Company)                              |     |
| 07-2-1027 Conduct a Cordon and Search in a Built-up Area (Infantry Company) |     |
| 07-2-1090 Conduct a Movement to Contact (Antiarmor/Infantry Company)        |     |
| 07-2-1135 Conduct a Raid (Infantry Company)                                 |     |
| 07-2-1243 Conduct an Ambush (Infantry Company)                              |     |
| 07-2-1256 Conduct an Attack                                                 |     |
| 07-2-1261 Conduct an Attack of a Built-up Area (Infantry Company)           |     |
| 07-2-1315 Conduct Patrol Operations (Infantry Company)                      |     |
| 07-2-1324 Conduct Area Security Operations                                  |     |
| 07-2-1342 Conduct Tactical Movement (Infantry Company)                      |     |
| 07-2-1387 Employ a Reserve Force (Infantry Company)                         |     |
| 07-2-1405 Establish a Base Camp (Infantry Company)                          |     |
| 07-2-1432 React to Snipers (Infantry Company)                               |     |
| 07-2-1468 Take Action on Contact (Infantry Company)                         |     |
| 07-2-1477 Breach an Obstacle (Infantry Company)                             |     |
| 07-2-2072 Report Tactical Information (Infantry Company)                    |     |
| 07-2-3000 Conduct Overwatch and or Support by Fire (Infantry Company)       |     |
| 07-2-3027 Integrate Direct Fires (Infantry Company)                         |     |
| 07-2-3036 Integrate Indirect Fire Support (Infantry Company)                |     |
| 07-2-4027 Handle Enemy Prisoners of War (Infantry Company)                  |     |
| 07-2-4045 Process Captured Documents and Equipment (Infantry Company)       |     |
| 07-2-4054 Secure Civilians During Operations (Infantry Company)             |     |
| 07-2-4063 Treat and Evacuate Casualties (Infantry Company)                  |     |
| 07-2-5027 Conduct Consolidation and Reorganization (Infantry Company)       |     |
| 07-2-5036 Conduct Coordination (Infantry Company)                           |     |
| 07-2-5135 Operate a Command Post (Infantry Company)                         |     |

Frequency: Quarterly ( 4) Types of Events: STX, TEWT
1-16.

Frequency, as shown in Figure 1-2, provides the recommended number of times the task selection should be trained per year. In this example the CATS recommends a company train *Attack* four times a year. For each task selection the CATS provides recommended training events. The types of events recommended within the task selection *Attack* are situational training exercises (STXs), and tactical exercise without troops (TEWTs). CATS recommended events by frequency, phase, and duration for the Infantry rifle company are outlined in Table 1-3.

|                                                                      | Freq    | Freq    | Duration   |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|------------|
| Event                                                                | (Train) | (Ready) | (Hours)    |
| FTX                                                                  |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 2       | 216     |            |
| FTX EXEVAL                                                           |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 1       | 120     |            |
| CALFEX                                                               |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 1       | 24      |            |
| DEPEX                                                                |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 2       | 72      |            |
| COMEX                                                                |         |         |            |
| 6                                                                    | 12      | 4       |            |
| STX (3) (Company Move, Company Attack, Company Defend)               |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 2       | 48      |            |
| STX (Company Protect)                                                |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 2       | 8       |            |
| STX (Company Sustain)                                                |         |         |            |
| 2                                                                    | 4       | 8       |            |
| STX (Mortar Support)                                                 |         |         |            |
| 2                                                                    | 4       | 24      |            |
| STX (4) (FS Tables III, IV, V, VI)                                   |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 2       | 8       |            |
| LTX (FS Table VII)                                                   |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 2       | 8       |            |
| TEWT (5) (Prepare for Ops, Attack, Defend, Move, Protect)            |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 2       | 8       |            |
| LFX(2) (Platoon, Squad)                                              |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 2       | 24      |            |
| LFX (Mortars)                                                        |         |         |            |
| 4                                                                    | 8       | 24      |            |
| LFX, LFX EXEVAL (FS Table VIII)                                      |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 2       | 72      |            |
| FTX EXEVAL (Platoon)                                                 |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 1       | 96      |            |
| FTX EXEVAL (Squad)                                                   |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 1       | 48      |            |
| EXEVAL (Mortars)                                                     |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 1       | 48      |            |
| SGT Time (Digital Proficiency)                                       |         |         |            |
| 26                                                                   | 52      | 5       |            |
| SGT Time (8) (Prep Platoon Ops, Protect Platoon, Squad Attack, Squad |         |         |            |
| Defend, Squad Move, Protect Mortars, Mortar Support, Mortar Move)    |         |         |            |
| 2                                                                    | 4       | 5       |            |
| SGT Time (3) (Platoon Attack, Platoon Defend, Platoon Move)          |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 2       | 5       |            |
| SGT Time (FS Tables I and II)                                        |         |         |            |
| 24                                                                   | 48      | 5       |            |
| Class (4) (Company Operations, Platoon Operations, Squad Operations, |         |         |            |
| Mortar Operations)                                                   |         |         |            |
| 1                                                                    | 2       | 4       |            |

1-17.

In addition to the event type, CATS recommends specifying *means* for each training event. *Means*
are any resources within the TSS that are required in order to execute the training event.
1-18.

Figure 1-5 shows an example of how CATS uses *means* to support the company task selection Attack and the recommended training event STX.

| Training Audience:                                                   |      | Company Headquarters, (X3) Rifle Platoon HE, (X9) Rifle Squad,    |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| (X3) Weapons Squad, FIST (INF Company), and Mortar Section           |      |                                                                   |
| Means (Event) (TADSS):                                               |      | 2 -Company STX (MILES)                                            |
| Title:                                                               |      | STX for Attack (Company)                                          |
| Estimated Duration:                                                  |      | 48 Hours                                                          |
| Replication of Conditions (A-D):                                     |      | C -Gate quality for task or echelon                               |
| Multiechelon Training:                                               |      | STX for Provide Mortar Support (Company Mortars), STX for         |
| Attack (Platoon)                                                     |      |                                                                   |
| Critical Training Gates:                                             |      |                                                                   |
| Action Gates:                                                        |      | Class for Conduct Company Operations;                             |
| TEWT for Prepare for Company Operations (Company);                   |      |                                                                   |
| TEWT for Attack (Company)                                            |      |                                                                   |
| Comments:                                                            |      |                                                                   |
| Purpose:                                                             |      | Provide training opportunity for the company to practice its      |
| offensive tasks.                                                     |      |                                                                   |
| Outcome:                                                             |      | The company demonstrates proficiency in conducting company        |
| offensive tasks.                                                     |      |                                                                   |
| Execution Guidance:                                                  |      |                                                                   |
|                                                                      |      |                                                                   |
| This STX is a 48 hour training event led by the company              |      |                                                                   |
| commander. This time is dedicated for the commander to practice      |      |                                                                   |
| and refine his command and control procedures in conducting          |      |                                                                   |
| offensive tasks. The company commander should focus on those         |      |                                                                   |
| offensive collective tasks that support the unit METL. The           |      |                                                                   |
| company will execute these tasks again at the walk and run level     |      |                                                                   |
| while executing the other company STXs and FTXs as well as           |      |                                                                   |
| during higher echelon training events. This event should be          |      |                                                                   |
| scheduled once during the train phase of preparation. More           |      |                                                                   |
| frequent multiechelon field exercises during the ready phase may     |      |                                                                   |
| provide the opportunities for the company to sustain a fully trained |      |                                                                   |
| status, precluding the requirement for this event.                   |      |                                                                   |

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## Chapter 2 Case Study

The commander of 1-77 IN battalion gathers his commanders together to provide his annual training guidance. His training strategy emphasizes the importance of using all live-virtual-constructive (LVC) training enablers to achieve and sustain proficiency on selected mission essential tasks list (METL) tasks. The battalion commander instructs his company commanders to develop their unit training within the lifecycle model. He challenges them to think innovatively in developing new training initiatives. This chapter follows the commander of Company A, 1-77 IN as he develops his training strategy IAW his battalion commander's guidance.

## Section I - Training Strategy

2-1.

This section discusses how the Infantry company commander develops a training strategy that includes the use of LVC. Using the METL task *Attack* as an example, this section explains how TADSS
support multiechelon training for mortar sections, squads, platoons, and companies. It also walks a leader through the process of selecting the most appropriate TADSS to meet his training objectives.

## Event Planning Example

2-2.

The commander, A/1-77 IN, considers his unit's METL proficiency and the battalion commander's training guidance to develop his company training strategy. The commander's intent is to achieve a "T" in the METL task *Attack*. The commander then looks at the combined arms training strategy
(CATS) to select the task that best approximates his mission essential task. He identifies the CATS task selection Attack (Company) (07-TS-2473).

2-3.

The CATS recommends the STX as the culminating event. The training progression for the company STX includes several multiechelon training gates such as Classes, Sergeant's Time, *TEWTs* and Additional STXs. Figure 2-1 shows the progression of the company's events.

2-4.

Figure 2-2 shows the commander's four-week training plan to achieve a "T" in the METL
task *Attack*.

## During The First Week The Commander Focuses On The Training Gate, Move Tactically. Events 1 Through 3 Each Start With

Week 1
(1) The platoon and squad conducting SGT T. (2) The mortar section conducting an ST concurrently or separately. (3) The first week culminates with a platoon and squad STX.

During the second week, the commander focuses on the second training gate, Conduct Operations, from squad through company level, including Events 4 to 6:

Week 2
(4) The phase starts with a company TEWT (Prepare for Company Operations). (5) The next event is a multiechelon CL and ST training Conducting Operations from Squad to
Company.
(6) The mortar section trains Protect the Force during SGT Time, which can be conducted
concurrently with Event 5.
During the third week the commander prepares for the culminating STX Attack:
(7) Concentrate on a company TEWT, Attack, which occurs concurrently with ST for the platoon
Week 3
and squad.
(8) The mortar section prepares for the company STX during the ST Provide Mortar Support.
During the fourth week, the commander conducts an STX Attack:
Week 4
(9) A multiechelon STX is executed from squad to company.

## Task-To-Tadss Matrixes

2-5.
While planning, the company commander identifies the availability of the resources he needs such
as time, land, and ammunition. Companies compete for training resources. Considering resource constraints and the battalion commander's intent, the company commander determines whether he must use other methods to effectively train his Soldiers. Tables 2-1 through 2-4, pages 2-4 through 2-7, provide
the TADSS for each echelon and event supporting the company event training strategy shown in Figure 2-1. Given his constrained resources, the commander of A/1-77 IN decides to incorporate TADSS into his training strategy. To help identify which TADSS support his overall company training strategy, he refers to the company, platoon, squad, and mortar section task-to-TADSS matrixes (Appendixes A
through G). These matrixes match available TADSS to the tasks they enable. The following event abbreviations apply to all of the task-to-TADSS matrixes in this publication:
- Class - CL.
- Combined arms live fire exercise - CALFEX.
- Communication exercise - COMMEX.
- Deployment exercise - DEPEX.
- Field training exercise - FTX.
- Lane training exercise - LTX.
- Live fire training exercise - LFX.
- Sergeant's time - ST.
- Situational training exercise -STX.
- Training exercise without troops - TEWT.

| CLASS                     | TEWT             | TEWT                  |
|---------------------------|------------------|-----------------------|
| Attack                    | Attack           | Conduct Company       |
| Operations                |                  |                       |
| Prepare for Company       |                  |                       |
| Operations                |                  |                       |
| CFFT                      |                  |                       |
| COTS Simulations          | COTS Simulations | CCMCK                 |
| COTS                      |                  |                       |
| JLCCTC                    | JLCCTC           | COTS Simulations HITS |
| EST 2000                  |                  |                       |
| Javelin FTT               | CCTT (Dismounted |                       |
| Soldier                   |                  |                       |
| CCTT (Dismounted          |                  |                       |
| Soldier)                  |                  |                       |
| GUARDFIST                 |                  |                       |
| Javelin MSR               |                  |                       |
| Javelin BST               |                  |                       |
| JLCCTC                    |                  |                       |
| Javelin FTT               |                  |                       |
| L-CCATS                   |                  |                       |
| Javelin MSR               |                  |                       |
| AT4 FHT                   |                  |                       |
| JLCCTC                    |                  |                       |
| BDM FHT                   |                  |                       |
| L-CCATS                   |                  |                       |
| Claymore Inert            |                  |                       |
| LMTS                      |                  |                       |
| M21 Mine                  |                  |                       |
| AT4 FHT                   |                  |                       |
| SLAM Trainer              |                  |                       |
| BDM FHT                   |                  |                       |
| Medical TADSS             |                  |                       |
| Claymore Inert            |                  |                       |
| MILES                     |                  |                       |
| M21 Mine                  |                  |                       |
| CBRN TADSS                |                  |                       |
| SLAM Trainer              |                  |                       |
| NGATS                     |                  |                       |
| Medical TADSS             |                  |                       |
| NLCS                      |                  |                       |
| CBRN TADSS                |                  |                       |
| OneTESS                   |                  |                       |
| ROC-V                     |                  |                       |
| OPFOR TADSS               |                  |                       |
| CCTT (Dismounted Soldier) |                  |                       |
| CCTT (Dismounted          |                  |                       |
| Soldier)                  |                  |                       |
| Spider Trainer            |                  |                       |
| Spider Trainer            |                  |                       |
| Targetry                  |                  |                       |
| TIED                      |                  |                       |
| TIED                      |                  |                       |
| TUA                       |                  |                       |
CLASS
SERGEANT'S TIME
SERGEANT'S TIME
SERGEANT'S TIME
STX
STX Attack
Conduct Platoon Ops
Prepare for Platoon Ops
Move Tactically
Attack
Move Tactically
CCTT
CCTT
CFFT
CCTT
CFFT
COTS Simulation
CCMCK
CCMCK
COTS Simulation
COTS Simulation
EST 2000
COTS Simulation
COTS Simulation
COTS Simulation
EST 2000
Javelin BST
JLCCTC
EST 2000
HITS
HITS
Guardfist
Javelin FTT
Claymore Inert
Guardfist
Javelin FTT
Javelin FTT
Javelin BST
Javelin MSR
M21 Mine
Javelin BST
Javelin MSR
Javelin MSR
Javelin FTT
L-CCATS
SLAM Trainer
Javelin FTT
JLCCTC
JLCCTC
Javelin MSR
LMTS
Javelin MSR
Medical TADSS
L-CCATS
L-CCATS
L-CCATS
AT4 FHT
LMTS
CBRN TADSS
AT4 FHT
AT4 FHT
LMTS
BDM FHT
AT4 FHT
NLCS
BDM FHT
BDM FHT
AT4 FHT
BDM FHT
OPFOR TADSS
ROC-V
SLAM Trainer
SLAM Trainer
Claymore Inert
M18 Claymore Inert
ROC-V
MILES
Medical
M21 Mine
M21 Mine
CCTT (Dismounted Soldier)
NGATS
TADSS
SLAM Trainer
SLAM Trainer
CCTT (Dismounted Soldier)
Spider Trainer
OneTESS
NLCS
Medical TADSS
TIED
TIED
Medical TADSS
OPFOR TADSS
OPFOR TADSS
VCCT
VCCT
MILES
 CBRN TADSS
ROC-V


NGATS
CCTT (Dismounted Soldier)

OPFOR

NLCS
Spider Trainer CCTT (Dismounted Soldier)
OneTESS
Targetry SPIDER Trainer OPFOR TADSS
TIED
TIED
TUA
TUA
VCCT
CCTT (Dismounted Soldier)
VCCT

Spider Trainer Targetry TIED TUA VCCT

CLASS
SERGEANT'S TIME
SERGEANT'S TIME
STX
STX
Move Tactically
Attack
Move Tactically
Attack
Conduct Squad Operations CCTT
CCTT
CFFT
CFFT
COTS Simulations
COTS Simulations
COTS Simulations
EST 2000
EST 2000
EST 2000
Javelin BST
Guardfist
Guardfist
Javelin FTT
Javelin BST
Javelin BST
Javelin MSR
Javelin FTT
Javelin FTT
L-CCATS
Javelin MSR
Javelin MSR
LMTS
L-CCATS
L-CCATS
AT4 FHT
LMTS
LMTS
BDM FHT
AT4 FHT
AT4 FHT
SLAM Trainer
SLAM Trainer
BDM FHT
CBRN TADSS
Medical
Claymore Inert
OPFOR TADSS
TADSS
M21 Mine
ROC-V
NLCS
SLAM Trainer
OPFOR TADSS
Medical TADSS
ROC-V
CCTT (Dismounted Soldier)
CBRN TADSS
TIED
NLCS
VCCT
CCTT (Dismounted Soldier)
OPFOR TADSS

SPIDER Trainer
ROC-V
TIED
Sighting Targets
VCCT
CCTT (Dismounted Soldier) Spider Trainer TIED VCCT
CCTT
CCMCK
CCMCK
COTS Simulations
COTS Simulations
HITS
HITS
Javelin FTT
Javelin FTT
Javelin MSR
Javelin MSR
L-CCATS
L-CCATS
AT4 FHT
AT4 FHT
BDM FHT
BDM FHT
Medical TADSS
SLAM Trainer
MILES
MILES
CBRN TADSS
CBRN TADSS
NGATS
NGATS
NLCS
OneTESS
OneTESS
OPFOR TADSS
OPFOR TADSS
CCTT (Dismounted Soldier)
CCTT (Dismounted Soldier)
Spider Trainer
Targetry
Targetry
TIED
TIED TUA

VCCT
| CLASS             | SERGEANT'S TIME    | SERGEANT'S TIME    |
|-------------------|--------------------|--------------------|
| Provide Mortar    |                    |                    |
| Support           |                    |                    |
| Protect the Force | Move Tactically    | Provide Mortar     |
| Support           |                    |                    |
| EST 2000          |                    |                    |
| COTS Simulations  |                    |                    |
| CCTT              |                    |                    |
| CFFT              |                    |                    |
| Claymore Inert    |                    |                    |
| EST 2000          |                    |                    |
| COTS Simulations  |                    |                    |
| EST 2000          |                    |                    |
| SLAM Trainer      |                    |                    |
| L-CCATS           |                    |                    |
| EST 2000          |                    |                    |
| HITS              |                    |                    |
| Spider Trainer    |                    |                    |
| AT4 FHT           |                    |                    |
| HITS              |                    |                    |
| JLCCTC            |                    |                    |
|                   |                    |                    |
| Claymore Inert    |                    |                    |
| L-CCATS           |                    |                    |
| L-CCATS           |                    |                    |
| M21 Mine          |                    |                    |
| AT4 FHT           |                    |                    |
| AT4 FHT           |                    |                    |
| SLAM Trainer      |                    |                    |
| MILES             |                    |                    |
| Claymore Inert    |                    |                    |
| Medical TADSS     |                    |                    |
| OneTESS           |                    |                    |
| SLAM Trainer      |                    |                    |
| MILES             |                    |                    |
| MILES             |                    |                    |
| CCTT (Dismounted  |                    |                    |
| Soldier)          |                    |                    |
| CBRN TADSS        |                    |                    |
| NGATS             |                    |                    |
| TIED              |                    |                    |
| NLCS              |                    |                    |
| OneTESS           |                    |                    |
| TUA               |                    |                    |
| OneTESS           |                    |                    |
| OPFOR TADSS       |                    |                    |
| VCCT              |                    |                    |
| OPFOR TADSS       |                    |                    |
| Spider Trainer    |                    |                    |
| Targetry          |                    |                    |
| CCTT (Dismounted  |                    |                    |
| Soldier)          |                    |                    |
| TIED              |                    |                    |
| Spider Trainer    |                    |                    |
| TUA               |                    |                    |
| TIED              |                    |                    |
| VCCT              |                    |                    |
| TUA               |                    |                    |
|                   |                    |                    |

## Tadss-Supported Training Strategy

2-6.

Once he integrates all available information, the commander determines what tasks, events, and TADSS will support his multiechelon training strategy. In the process, he realizes that the TADSS
identified in the matrixes to train the task *Attack* cannot be used to train the supporting tasks he has chosen chapter. Table 2-5 shows an example before-and-after checklist that the commander might use to narrow down his training strategy.

1. Beginning with the first week as shown in Event (1) of Figure 2-1, the commander reviews
the TADSS he will use for the Move Tactically Sergeant's Time (SGT Time). He decides to focus the SGT Time on a dismounted movement to contact with actions on contact. He understands the squad will be constrained to an indoor classroom setting.
2. Device descriptions (Chapter 3) provide the commander with information he needs to choose
and eliminate the TADSS that apply to his training strategy. For example, descriptions for both the close combat tactical trainer (CCTT) and virtual combat convoy trainer (VCCT) depict them as mounted training devices. This information directs the A Company commander to eliminate both trainers from his training strategy as he focuses on dismounted movement.
3. The company commander eliminates the Javelin field tactical trainer (FTT), missile
simulation round (MSR), and the antitank (AT4)/bunker defeat munition (BDM) field handling trainer (FHT). He makes this choice because these devices are designed for field environment training, and do not support the commander's intent.
4. Because neither the selective lightweight attack munition (SLAM) trainer nor the chemical,
biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) TADSS supports his training objectives for tactical movement or actions on contact, the commander eliminates them.
5. Because the following all focus on engagement skills rather than on tactical movement or
actions on contact, the commander also eliminates them:

Laser Marksmanship Training System (LMTS).

Laser Convoy Counter Ambush Training System (L-CCATS).

Engagement Skills Trainer (EST) 2000.

Javelin basic skills trainer (BST).
6. The recognition of combat vehicles (ROC-V) trainer develops Soldier skills on combat
vehicle identification (CVI), not on tactical movement or actions on contact. So the commander eliminates this device as well.
7. The commander reviews device descriptions Chapter to examine the capabilities of several
COTS simulations, and then he evaluates the three remaining TADSS. He does this to determine how they best support his training strategy:

Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) simulations.

Opposing force (OPFOR) TADSS.

Training improvised explosive device (TIED) kit.
8. The commander then decides COTS are the best fit for his event based on the following
capabilities. COTS provide multiple iterations for often neglected, complex events; exercise and refine SOPs; and integrate doctrine and TTPs.
9. Using Table 3-8 in Chapter 3, COTS Simulation Capabilities, the commander selects
DARWARS Ambush! because of the following capabilities: The use of semi-automated forces (SAF) and live OPFOR supports crawl level operations enables tactics, techniques, and
procedures (TTP)/standard operation procedure (SOP) refinement, and mission rehearsal.
10. Finally, Chapter from the descriptions of TIED and OPFOR TADSS the commander learns
they both provide hands-on training to familiarize Soldiers with enemy TTPs and equipment.
11. The commander uses the same planning methodology he used for the squad ST to complete
his training plan for week one. He focuses training on selected supporting tasks and evaluates the TADSS listed for each event to determine their applicability to his training strategy. He
then crosswalks the selected TADSS across the multiechelon events for week one to eliminate
redundant and non-supportive TADSS. The culmination of his planning produces a comprehensive one-week training plan.

## End-State Multiechelon Training

2-7.

So far, the commander has identified the CATS task selection, the company training strategy for Attack in Figure 2-1, and the supporting TADSS by echelon in Tables 2-1 through 2-4. The commander uses the planning method shown in Table 2-5 to resource the company training events with the proper TADSS. Appendixes A through G discuss these in detail.
2-8.

In Table 2-6, the commander consolidates all of his information to reflect the training event, gate, echelon, and specific TADSS used. The *Training Events* column reflects the events shown in Figure 2-1.

The *Training Gates* column reflects the training progression outlined in the Infantry company CATS. The Echelon columns display the TADSS selected by the commander by echelon trained. This enables his platoon leader(s) (PL) to identify what TADSS he intends for their use during the platoon STX for *Attack*. The PLs look at the training event for week four. Reading from left to right and top to bottom, they identify the platoon column and the commander's approved TADSS for that specific training evolution. Chosen TADSS consist of AT4/BDM FHT, HITS, Javelin FTT, Javelin MSR, L-CCATS, Medical TADSS, Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES), OPFOR TADSS, Targetry, TIED, and TUA. The PLs can now Chapter plan training using the selected TADSS.

Training Events by Echelon with TADSS Selections
Company
Platoon
Squad
Mortar Section
Training Gate

ST
COTS Simulation
ST COTS Simulations OPFOR TADSS TIED
ST L-CCATS Claymore Inert TUA
WEEK 1
Move Tactically
STX AT4/BDM FHT Javelin FTT/MSR L-CCATS OPFOR TADSS TIED
STX AT4/BDM FHT Javelin FTT Javelin MSR MILES OPFOR TADSS TIED TUA
CL JLCCTC CFFT Guardfist
ST L-CCATS Claymore Inert TUA
CL
CFFT Guardfist OPFOR TADSS TIED
WEEK 2
Operations
CL CFFT Guardfist OPFOR TADSS TIED WPN SQD: LMTS EST 2000 Javelin BST
TEWT JLCCTC
ST COTS Simulations


CL
WEEK 3
Attack (Prep)
TEWT
ST
COTS Simulation
ST AT4/BDM FHT EST 2000 LMTS Medical TADSS WPN SQD: Javelin FTT/MSR
STX TUA
WEEK 4
Attack (Exercise)
STX AT4/BDM FHT Javelin FTT
Javelin MSR
L-CCATS Medical TADSS MILES OPFOR TADSS Targetry TIED TUA
STX
AT4/BDM FHT HITS
Javelin FTT
Javelin MSR L-CCATS Medical TADSS MILES OPFOR TADSS Targetry TIED TUA
STX AT4/BDM FHT
HITS
Javelin FTT Javelin MSR JLCCTC Medical TADSS MILES OPFOR TADSS Targetry TIED TUA

## Training Challenges

2-9.
The RESET/TRAIN phase of the unit lifecycle presents the commander with many challenges.
Using TADSS can help the commander overcome these challenges.) Challenges can include
- Only key leadership positions are occupied during a unit's reset because of personnel turnover.
- No equipment on-hand to include vehicles and weapons for new organizations.
- Challenges in understanding new doctrine, TTPs, and unit cohesion.
- Competing requirements with other units on the installation.
2-10.
Many other problems that depend on the unit's situation are also possible. The READY phase also
presents several unique challenges to the commander, including:
- The availability of TADSS in a deployed area.
- TTP/tactical SOP refinement.
- The ability to sustain skill proficiency.
2-11.

The commander can follow the same procedures just described to identify the TADSS that provide the best solution to specific training challenges.

## Section Ii - Live/Virtual/Constructive Integrated-Use Case

2-12.

The integration of LVC into a commander's overall training strategy can provide several effective options to help him succeed in the many training challenges he will face during his command lifecycle. Continuing with the training strategy process of the A/1-77 company commander, this section provides a general concept of how TADSS can be used to support multiechelon training. At the end of this section you will understand how our A Company commander incorporated LVC into his training strategy.

2-13.

FM 7-1 describes the commander's training strategy that uses a mix of LVC enablers to achieve and sustain unit proficiency on selected METL tasks within the BOE. Extracted from FM 7-1, Table 2-7
represents the LVC training mix with adaptations to support the company commander's strategy.

| Leaders    | Unit    |
|------------|---------|
|            |         |
| Crawl      | Walk    |
| Company    | L/V/C   |
| Platoon    | L/V/C   |
| Squad      | L/V     |
| Individual | L/V/C   |

2-14.

FM 7-1 also describes an integrated capability with the potential for linking maneuver, aviation, and fire support into a near-seamless training environment. The ability to link integrated training systems is described as the live, virtual, constructive integrated architecture (LVC-IA). LVC-IA contains an installation infrastructure that allows live training instrumentation. Homestation Instrumentation Training System (HITS), constructive simulations (joint land component constructive training capability [JLCCTC]), and virtual simulators (Solder CATT) are integrated into a seamless training environment. The combination of these training tools can provide the commander with a greater training capability and realism. Figure 2-3 shows an example installation with a LVC-IA infrastructure.

## Battle Command Stimulation/Simulation

2-15.

Section I describes the methodology a commander can use to plan a mix of LVC TADSS
supporting his training strategy. Table 2-6 outlines the training strategy end state for *Attack.* As a part of the commander's LVC TADSS training methodology, the JLCCTC used in support of company and platoon exercises is an example of incorporating an integrated infrastructure to support training. Chapter 3 provides a description of JLCCTC's capability not only to provide a constructive simulation, but also to stimulate a company's battle command systems.

2-16.

To stimulate the company's battle command systems, the installation must have an infrastructure comparable to the one shown in Figure 2-3 (integrated homestation training capability). The infrastructure must connect the constructive training capability located in the Battle Command Training Center (BCTC)
to the local training area. With this capability the commander can train his company in a more realistic operational environment with the intelligence and information he and his leaders would receive in combat.

## Example

2-17.

Due to the likelihood of deployment, the battalion commander, 1-77 IN, provides updated guidance so his companies can train in an urban environment. To quickly adjust focus, he coordinates with his Battalion S-3 to analyze what resources are available for urban operations training. The S-3 quickly calls the home station BCTC and discovers the resources listed in Table 2-8 are immediately available for use.

TADSS allocated for Company STX
Additional TADSS
Soldier-CATT Aviation Combined Arms
Tactical Trainer (AVCATT) Aviation equivalent to Soldier-CATT
AC-130J Virtual Simulator
AT4/BDM FHT HITS Javelin FTT Javelin MSR JLCCTC Medical TADSS MILES OPFOR TADSS Targetry TIED TUA


## Fragmentary Order

2-18.
The S-3 notifies the battalion commander, who issues a fragmentary order (FRAGO) to his
company commanders. The FRAGO
- Directs them to focus STX Attack on an urban environment.
- Orders the integration of creative LVC training.
- Directs the commanders to be prepared for an OPFOR responsibilities rotation.

## Additional Training Objectives

2-19.
The battalion commander then provides additional training objectives to focus the STX for the
upcoming deployment. The objectives are
- Combined arms integration.
- The use of joint enablers.
- Ground and aviation fire support coordination.
- Soldier and leader skills that provide joint fire terminal guidance.

## Concept Of The Operation

2-20.

Upon receiving the FRAGO, the 1-77 IN Company A commander conducts a hasty mission analysis and develops his concept of operations in support of his battalion commander's objectives. He uses the device descriptions (Chapter 3) to determine which TADSS can be integrated into his training scenario. The simulation support staff at the BCTC also aid him in leveraging existing LVC tools within the installation infrastructure to enhance his training. Finally, he consolidates the new resources allocated from the battalion and BCTC with his original list of TADSS for the company STX.

## Integration Of Forces And Effects

2-21.

To integrate combined arms and joint effects, the commander decides to use 2/A/1-77 IN virtually in the CCTT (Dismounted Soldier). The BCTC will replicate a mechanized Infantry platoon (2/B/2-19
IN[M]) constructively using the JLCCTC. The virtual platoon will be capable of coordinating fires and maneuvering with the constructive mechanized platoon in CCTT (Dismounted Soldier).

## Coordination

2-22.

The commander can coordinate with the aviation platoon through simulated voice communications because the battalion S-3 coordinated with the aviation brigade supporting the battalion to train with an AH-64 platoon using AVCATT. In addition, his virtual platoon (in Dismounted Soldier) will coordinate the fires to the targets identified at the urban facility.

2-23.

Also, the battalion S-3 coordinated with the AC-130J crew supporting the IBCT's deployment to train with several company commanders during their STX development of joint terminal guidance skills. The battalion commander identified the A/1-77 IN commander as his lead company to undergo training with the AC-130J crew. Because of these decisions, the AC-130J crew's virtual simulator will integrate in the exercise using a communications line into the installation infrastructure.

2-24.

While 2/A/1-77 IN conducts this exercise in CCTT (Dismounted Soldier), 1st platoon, 3rd platoon, and the mortar section will be located at the urban training facility. Figure 2-4 shows the LVC use case end-state. Each of the live units will be instrumented with HITS. They will also be provided stimulation for their battle command systems from the JLCCTC at the BCTC. When implemented the commander will have the option of rotating each platoon through the CCTT (Dismounted Soldier) to train on the battalion commander's objectives.

## Tadss = Training Maximum

2-25.

The A/1-77 company commander's use of integrated LVC TADSS allows his unit to train at a high level of proficiency in an enhanced, realistic environment. The choice of available simulations incorporated his battalion commander's training objectives that could not be trained solely in a live environment. His use of this TC's reference material maximized his training approach.

## Training With Tadss = A Superior Training Event

2-26.

Using the integrated LVC approach to training maximizes time and allows the commander more flexibility with training conditions and realistic replication of the COE. LVC also maximizes training resources and allows commanders to repetitively train in a resource constrained environment. In conclusion, training with TADSS produces a superior training event.

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## Chapter 3 Categories

This chapter describes the various TADSS that support Infantry training by category. It is organized into two sections, which represent the two categories of TADSS, system and nonsystem. Section I groups TADSS by the weapon or combat equipment whose training they support. Section II is organized by trainer. The capabilities and limitations provided should help leaders determine which training system to use. Recommended training strategies and supporting references are also listed. The TADSS provide realistic training conditions in simulated environments. The goal of Infantry Company TADSS is to familiarize company leaders with every available TADSS to ensure a better trained ready force.

## Section I - System Tadss

3-1.

This section discusses the TADSS that support each Infantry company combat system. Device numbers are provided for those available from a local TSC.

## Hand Grenade

3-2.

The M288 hand grenade fuze is used with the M67 practice hand grenade. The M67 practice hand grenade is a full scale, three dimensional replica used for adding realism to a tactical exercise or for demonstrations. The TSC device number is DVC T-09-109.

## Individual Training

3-3.
       The M288 hand grenade fuze (DODIC G878) and M67 practice hand grenade (DODIC G811)
support hand grenade individual task qualification as outlined in STP 21-1-SMCT, FM 3-23.30 and DA
PAM 350-38.

## Collective Training

3-4.

DA PAM 350-38 authorizes practice hand grenade fuzes for use during unit collecting training as well as stun grenades for urban operations training.

REFERENCES
- STP 21-1-SMCT, Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, Skill Level 1.
- DA PAM 350-38, Standards in Weapons Training.
- FM 3-23.30, Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals.

## High-Mobility, Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle

3-5.

See TC 21-305-4 for specific guidance on individual qualification and skills training for the HMMWV. The reconfigurable vehicle simulators (RVS) for CCTT as well as the reconfigurable tactical trainer (RVTT) support unit collective training from squad to platoon. The VCCT supports collective training for convoy operations from squad to platoon depending on the installation's number of system suites.

SUPPORTING TADSS
- GTA 43-01-003, HMMWV Hot Weather/Desert Operations.
- GTA 55-03-030, HMMWV Up-Armored Emergency Procedures/Performance Measures.
- Reconfigurable Vehicle Simulator in CCTT (see Section II, Nonsystem TADSS).
- Reconfigurable Vehicle Tactical Trainer (RVTT; see Section II, Nonsystem TADSS).
- VCCT (see Section II, Nonsystem TADSS).
REFERENCES
- FM 21-305, Manual for the Wheeled Vehicle Driver.
- TC 21-305-4, Training Program for the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle.
- TC 21-305, Training Program for Wheeled Vehicle Accident Avoidance.

## Javelin

3-6.

This paragraph lists the trainers to support the Javelin.

## Basic Skills Trainer

3-7.

 The BST (Figure 3-1) is designed for indoor use to teach basic target identification, acquisition, engagement, and lock-on skills to gunners. The trainer is used for initial, sustainment, and quarterly qualification for company Javelin gunners. The BST is a self-contained, computer-based, indoor training device. The TSC device number is DVC 07-126.

3-8.

Computer generated images simulate firing in multiple scenarios: day, night, weather, obscurations, and all targets. The Javelin BST also simulates a complete tactical engagement sequence and includes a gunnery trainer and gunner qualification trainer.

## Limitations

3-9.

The BST may only be used in an indoor or covered environment. Also, the BST is one of two required qualification devices for Javelin gunners. DA PAM 350-38 *does not authorize* the use of live rounds for gunner qualification.

3-10. The Javelin BST is commonly located in an installation facility or can be signed out of the TSC.
The BST requires about 30 minutes to set up using two Soldiers. The BST can be transported to the field for concurrent training using two Soldiers and one vehicle. It requires 64 square feet of space to train and an electrical outlet or generator if it is used in a tent. Training product support includes the Fort Benning Infantry and Warrior University portals, which link to distance learning material for the resident Javelin Gunner Course and Train-the-Trainer Course. The Javelin BST trains gunner qualification, indoor instruction, and train-the-trainer instruction. The Javelin BST trains
- Infrared images and target acquisition.
- Target identification and engageability.
- Target engagement and malfunctions.
- Gunners Skill Test (GST).
- Training time requires about 12 hours per gunner to train all BST exercises.
- Centralized Javelin training is recommended to conserve resources and standardize training.
- Requires about two to three hours per gunner to qualify.
- Javelin gunners qualify quarterly using BST.
References
- FM 3-22.37, Javelin Close Combat Missile System, Medium.
- TM 9-1425-687-12, Operator and Organizational Maintenance Manual for Javelin.
- DA Pam 350-38, Standards in Weapons Training.

## Javelin Field Tactical Trainer

3-11. The Javelin FTT (Figure 3-2) is a MILES compatible, fully integrated, three-dimensional, force-on-force or force-on-target training device. The FTT combines the tactical Javelin command launch unit (CLU) with a simulated round. The FTT incorporates a MILES transmitter to simulate Javelin engagements during training exercises. The FTT provides a capability for sustainment, collective, and leader training, as well as quarterly qualification. The TSC device numbers are
- Javelin FTT student station: DVC 07-127.

- Javelin FTT instructor station: DVC 07-128.

Capabilities
- Supports force-on-force training exercise.
- Provides a qualification station supporting the Gunners Skill Test.

## Limitations

3-12. The Javelin FTT requires a MILES small arms alignment fixture (SAAF) to bore sight (see MILES
SAAF in Section II, Nonsystem TADSS).

3-13. The Javelin FTT requires four minutes to set up for collective training and 30 minutes to set up
with the instructor station. The FTT requires 60 feet by 6 feet to set up the MILES SAAF, and a field environment suitable for a 2,500 meter target engagement. The FTT is transportable with three Soldiers: two for the FTT, and one for the instructor station. Javelin gunners take about two hours for Gunners Skill
Test qualification. See training product support for the Javelin BST. The Javelin FTT is used to train
- Javelin major components, equipment characteristics, capabilities, and features.
- Basic Javelin operation.
- Javelin controls and indicators.
- Conduct of daily readiness check procedures.
- Infrared images and target acquisition.
- Target identification and engageability.
- Target engagement and malfunctions.
- GST (second device used for gunner qualification).
References
- FM 3-22.37, Javelin Close Combat Missile System, Medium.
- TM 9-1425-687-12, Operator and Organizational Maintenance Manual for Javelin.
- DA Pam 350-38, Standards in Weapons Training.

## Javelin Missile Simulation Round

3-14. The MSR (Figure 3-3) can be used to train Javelin gunners on how to handle, maintain, and carry the round. The MSR consists of a simulated launch tube that contains no instruments or circuitry but is the same weight and balance of the live Javelin round. The TSC device number is T-07-93.

Capabilities
- High fidelity of round adds realism to classroom instruction and Sergeant's Time training.
- Replicates the Soldier's combat load for both the Javelin gunner and assistant gunner in field
training.

## Limitation

3-15. The MSR lacks missile functionality when attached to Javelin CLU.

3-16. The MSR supports classroom instruction on Javelin missile ST training as well as collective training that simulates the weapon's combat load.

References
- FM 3-22.37, Javelin Close Combat Missile System, Medium.
- TM 9-1425-687-12, Operator and Organizational Maintenance Manual for Javelin.
- DA Pam 350-38, Standards in Weapons Training.

## Long-Range, Laser-Designator Rangefinder

3-17. The simulated LLDR (Figure 3-4) replicates all the control functions of the tactical LLDR. It is used as part of the CFFT for individual training. For more about the CFFT, see Section II.

## M16/M4 Family Of Weapons

3-18. This paragraph discusses the M15 aiming card, the M16 sighting device, the riddle sighting device, and the target box exercise.

## M15A1 Aiming Card

3-19. The aiming card (Figure 3-5) determines if the Soldier understands how to aim at the target's center of mass. This card may be used to ensure the Soldier understands adjustment of the aiming point, how to allow for gravity, and how to engage a moving target. The sight-target relationship on the card is the same visual perception the Soldier should have when he is zeroing on a standard silhouette target. The TSC device number is DVC T-07-26. (See Appendix A, FM 3-22.9, for specific guidance on set-up and training for the aiming card.)

## M16 Sighting Device

3-20. The M16 sighting device (Figure 3-6) allows marksmanship coaches to insure firers are aiming correctly at the targets. The device has a metal frame attached to the rear of the rifle carrying handle. When the firer looks through his sights, the coach positioned alongside the firer, can look at the reflection on the tinted glass and view the same picture as the firer. See Appendix A, FM 3-22.9, for specific guidance on set-up and training for the sighting device. The TSC device number is DVC T-07-84L/T-07-84R.

## Riddle Sighting Device

3-21. The riddle sighting device (Figure 3-7) trains the Soldier to understand the aiming process while using his own rifle. The device consists of a small plastic plate with a magnet and a drawing of an E-type silhouette target. A two-man team is required for its use. The TSC device number is DVC T-7-87. See Appendix A, FM 3-22.9, for specific guidance on set-up and training for the sighting device.

## Target Box Exercise

3-22. The target box exercise consist of a rifle-holding device (DVC TA-G-12A), and the target box paddle device (DVC T-7-86).

## Equipment

3-23. This exercise trains consistency of aiming and placement of three-round shot groups in a dry-fire environment (Figure 3-8).

## Supporting, Nonsystem Tadss

3-24. The silhouettes on the target box paddle are scaled to represent an E-type silhouette target at
250 meters. The visual perception during the target-box exercise is similar to what a Soldier sees while zeroing on a standard zeroing target. The target box exercise provides a chance for the trainer to critique
the Soldier on his aiming procedures, aiming consistency, and placement of shot groups. See Appendix A, FM 3-22.9, for specific guidance on setup and training for the target box exercise. Supporting TADSS include
- GTAs
 GTA 07-01-039M16A2 Disassembly Layout Chart, M16A2 Rifle.  GTA 07-01-040M4 Carbine, Field Stripped.  GTA 07-01-043BRM Coaches Checklist (four fundamentals).
- EST 2000.
- LMTS.
- Training Films
 TF 21-3907Rifle, M16A1 Part I, Care, Cleaning, Lubrication.  TF 21-3908Rifle, M16A1 Part II Field Expedients.
- Videotapes
 2E/010-071-1271-B, Engagement of Moving Personnel Targets...from the Foxhole Position.  2E/010-071-0444-B, Cycle of Functioning M16A1 Rifle.  2E/010-071-0086-B, Overview of BRM Training.  2E/010-071-0725-B, TVT 7-13 (Feb 87).
 TVT 7-1, Teaching Rifle Marksmanship: Part I.  TVT 7-2, Teaching Rifle Marksmanship: Part II.

## M2 Machine Gun

3-25. This paragraph discusses the M19 blank firing adapter (BFA) and the sighting bar.

## M19 Blank Firing Adapter

3-26. The M19 BFA (Figure 3-9) was developed to permit the machine gun to fire the M1A1 blank cartridge in the automatic fire mode. The BFA is an easy to install, reliable device that allows the machine gun to be used more realistically during an FTX. The M19 BFA weighs 15.5 pounds and can be installed using either a crescent wrench or the blank/live round discriminator (a component of the BFA that has been designed to serve as a wrench). The design of the M19 will not allow a live round to be loaded while the blank/live round discriminator cover is in position. Normal headspace and timing must be made when firing blank rounds with the M19. See Appendix B, FM 3-22.65, for specific guidance on setting up and training for the blank firing adapter.

## Sighting Bar

3-27. The sighting bar (Figure 3-10) is used to practice the sighting and aiming exercise for the M2
Weapon System. The sighting bar also has a scaled target that is used to practice acquiring a correct sight picture. See Appendix B, FM 3-22.65, for specific guidance on setting up and training with the sighting bar. Supporting TADSS include
- EST 2000.
- GTAs.
- GTA 09-06-038, Browning MG, .50 Cal, M2.
- GTA 10-08-007, .50 Caliber MG Layout Chart.
- VCCT.

## M203 Grenade Launcher

3-28. Appendix E, FM 3-22.31, provides training strategies with training-unique ammunition and
designated ranges. Supporting TADSS include
- EST 2000.
- Targetry.
- Training-unique ammunition.

## M240B And M60 Machine Guns

3-29. Trainers for these weapons include the sighting bar and sighting target. (See FM 3-22.68 for training guidance.)

## Sighting Bar

3-30. The purpose of the sighting bar (Figure 3-11) is to help teach the correct alignment of the sights on a target. The sighting bar consists of the bar itself and a sighting target that measures 1 x 2 x 48 inches. The sighting target is secured 5 1/2 inches from one end (it should be moveable). The eyepiece is secured on the other end. The peep sight is secured 20 1/2 inches from the sighting target and 22 inches from the eyepiece.

## Sighting Target

3-31. The sighting target (Figure 3-12) aids in applying the sight alignment instruction to the actual alignment of the machine gun sights on a target 25 meters away. The sighting target is 1 x 1 x 24 inches. Attached to it is a 3-inch square piece of wood painted black, with a small 1/4-inch hole in the center. The supporting TADSS, TVT 7-24, *M60 Machine Gun Mechanical Training*, describes the components and operation of the M60 machine gun, to include disassembly, cleaning, lubrication, assembly, sighting, firing, and use and preparation of a range card. Video length is 31 minutes.Supporting TADSS include

GTA 07-10-001, Machine Gunner's Card.


EST 2000.



## M249 Machine Gun

3-32. The machine gun sighting bar and sighting target supports the M249. Supporting TADSS
include
- GTA 07-10-042, M249 MG Disassembly Mat.
- EST 2000.
- LMTS.
- MILES.

## M9 Pistol

3-33. The M9 air-operated pistol is used with the quick-fire target training device (QTTD) to train operation and marksmanship of the M9 pistol. The devices teach quick fire, increase confidence in the ability to fire the weapon, and provide additional firing practice. The pistol's light recoil and low noise let the Soldier concentrate on fundamentals, build confidence, and hit a target faster and more accurately. (See FM 3-23.35 for specific guidance on setup and training strategies.) Supporting TADSS include the EST 2000 and the LMTS.

## Mines

3-34. This paragraph discusses two mines, the M18A1 claymore and the M21 antitank practice mines.

## M18A1 Claymore Mine Kit, Inert

3-35. The inert claymore mine (Figure 3-13) is a full-scale plastic replica used for indoor and outdoor instruction on the characteristics, nomenclature, arming, handling, and functioning of the mine. It can also be used to train Soldiers to emplace mine fields. The TSC device number is DVC TA-D-64.

3-36. Individual and collective mine training follows:

## Individual

3-37. Soldiers qualify on the M18 Claymore mine by emplacing, firing, and recovering an inert claymore mine IAW FM 23-23, Antipersonnel Mine M18A and, M18 (Claymore), every three months. Army Reserve and National Guard Soldiers qualify on the M18 Claymore mine by emplacing, firing, and recovering an inert Claymore mine IAW FM 23-23 every 12 months. STP 21-1-SMCT outlines the use of Claymore mines for individual task qualification.

## Collective

3-38. DA Pam 350-38 outlines quantities for the inert Claymore mines used during unit collective training.

## Supporting Devices

3-39. M57 firing device, M40 test set, insulation tape, and M4 electric blasting cap (inert) with firing wire.

References
- FM 23-23, Antipersonnel Mine M18A and M18 (Claymore).
- Training film 73180, Technique of Employment, M18 and M18A1 Antipersonnel Weapons
(Claymore), 27 minutes.
- STP 21-1-SMCT, Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, Skill Level 1.

## M21 Antitank Practice Mine

3-40. The M21 antitank practice mine (Figure 3-14) is a full scale plastic model of the actual mine. The TSC device number is DVC TA-D-23-33. This device is used during force-on-force training to simulate mine warfare. See GTA 09-04-005, Mine AT M21 (Tank Killer).

## Selective Lightweight Attack Munitions

3-41. The M320 SLAM trainer is a full-scale replication that helps Soldiers maintain proficiency through visual and aural feedback.

3-42. The trainer provides full fidelity and simulates all of the operations of the M4E1 SLAM. The SLAM interfaces with MILES supporting force-on-force training

## References

3-43. See GTA 05-10-052, Selectable Lightweight Attack Munition (SLAM), M4.

## Spider

3-44. The Spider training device is a full-scale replication of the operational Spider antipersonnel mine that provides Soldiers the ability to maintain emplacement, detonation, and retrieval proficiency. (See also Section II.)

3-45. The trainer simulates operations of the Spider. The trainer interfaces with MILES supporting force-on-force training. The training device consists of 30 miniature grenade training simulators, and five mission control unit trainers.

SUPPORTING TADSS
- GTA 05-10-31, US Firing Devices, Booby Traps, and Expedients.
- GTA 05-10-33, Demolition Card.
- GTA 05-10-034, Conventional US Land Mines.
- GTA 05-10-036, Mine Card, Part I.
- GTA 05-10-037, Mine Card, Part II.
- GTA 05-10-041, Maintaining, Employing, and Operating the Modular Pack Mine System
(MOPMS) and the Remote Control Unit (RCU).
- HITS.
- OneTESS.
REFERENCES
- TC 20-32-3, Foreign Mine Handbook (Balkan States).
- TC 20-32-4, Foreign Mine Handbook (Asia).
- TC 20-32-5, Commander's Reference Guide for Land Mine and Explosive Hazards (Iraq).

## Mk19 Grenade Machine Gun

3-46. The MK19 Tactical Engagement Simulation System (TESS, Figure 3-15) supports force-on-force training. It is compatible with MILES.

CAPABILITIES
- Laser engagement device.
- Trigger module.
- Audio cue device.
- Transit case.
- Boresight validation targets.
- Audio cue device ground mount interface bracket.
SUPPORTING TADSS
- EST 2000.
- GTA 07-01-035, MK19 Disassembly Layout (Chart).
- OneTESS.
- VCCT.

## Nonlethal Capability Set

3-47. The NLCS (Figures 3-16 and 3-17) provide commanders with the ability to train additional options
when applying military force consistent with the tactical situation. Effective use of the kit and its differing components (Tables 3-1 and 3-2 ) allows commanders to accomplish stated or directed objectives without
having to rely solely on lethal effects. The NLCS is used for combat operations and training. One third of the total NLCS equipment and ammunition is planned for training support. FM 3-22.40, Table D-2, shows
a 10-day training plan for each day's activities, tasks, and required resources, including the TADSS from
the NLCS. The NLCS is both an operational and training capability focusing on the following objectives:
- Discourage, delay, or prevent hostile actions.
- Limit escalation.
- Take military action in situations where use of lethal force is not the preferred option.
- Provide better force protection.
- Temporarily disable equipment, facilities, and personnel.
- Decrease the post-conflict costs of reconstruction.

| Nomenclature                                 | NSN              |   QTY  |
|----------------------------------------------|------------------|--------|
| Nonlethal Grenade Launching Cup Carrying Bag | 1095-09-000-3633 |    15  |
| Riot Training Strike Bag                     | 8460-09-000-3618 |     3  |
| Collapsible Baton with Holster               | 1095-09-000-3619 |    50  |
| White Training Baton                         | 1095-09-000-3620 |    25  |
| Ultimate Straight Training Baton             | 1095-09-000-3621 |    25  |
| Lithium 3V Battery                           | 1095-09-000-3622 |   100  |
| High-Intensity Individual Flashlight Bulbs   | 1095-09-000-3623 |    25  |
| Caltrop                                      | 1095-09-000-3624 |    50  |
| 12-Gauge Buttstock Cuff                      | 1095-09-000-3625 |    15  |
| 12-Gauge Launching Cup                       | 1095-09-000-3626 |    15  |
| MK-4 Individual Pepper Spray Dispenser       | 1095-09-000-3627 |    50  |
| MK-4 Inert Training Dispenser                | 1095-09-000-3628 |    50  |
| MK-9 Squad Pepper Spray Dispenser            | 1095-09-000-3629 |    10  |
| MK-9 Inert Training Dispenser                | 1095-09-000-3630 |    10  |
| MK-46 Pepper Spray Dispenser                 | 1095-09-000-3631 |     3  |
| MK-46 Inert Training Dispenser               | 1095-09-000-3632 |     3  |
| Disposable Handcuffs                         | 1095-09-000-3634 |   100  |
| High-Intensity Individual Flashlight Holster | 1095-09-000-3636 |    50  |
| High-Intensity Light                         | 6240-09-000-3639 |     4  |
| 6V High-Intensity Individual Flashlight      | 6240-09-000-3641 |    50  |
| Riot Megaphone                               | 5830-09-000-3640 |     3  |
| MK-4 OD Pouch                                | 8465-09-000-3642 |    50  |
| MK-9 OD Pouch                                | 8465-09-000-3643 |    10  |
| 40-mm Carrying Pouch                         | 8465-09-000-3644 |    50  |
| Sting Ball Diversionary Grenade Pouch        | 8465-09-000-3645 |    50  |
| 12-Gauge 25-Round Utility Pouch              | 8465-09-000-3646 |    30  |
| MK-46 Inert Training Refill Unit             | 1095-09-000-3647 |     2  |
| MK-46 Live Pepper Spray Refill Unit          | 1095-09-000-3648 |     2  |
| Riot Nonballistic Face Shield                | 8465-09-000-3649 |    50  |
| Riot Nonballistic Body Shield                | 8465-09-000-3650 |    15  |
| Riot Nonballistic Shin Guard                 | 8465-09-000-3651 |    50  |
| MK-46 Sling                                  | 8465-09-000-3652 |     3  |
| Stinger Road Spike Kit                       | 1095-09-000-3653 |     3  |
| Riot Training Suite                          | 8465-09-000-3654 |     3  |
|                                              |                  |        |
| Nomenclature                             | DODIC            | NSN     |
|------------------------------------------|------------------|---------|
| 12-Gauge Bean Bag Cartridge              |                  |         |
| AA29                                     |                  |         |
| 12-Gauge Launching Cup                   |                  |         |
| AA30                                     |                  |         |
| 12-Gauge Stabilized Fin                  |                  |         |
| AA31                                     |                  |         |
| 12-Gauge MK242 Mod 0 Dummy               |                  |         |
| AA55                                     |                  |         |
| 12-Gauge 00 Buckshot                     |                  |         |
| AA60                                     |                  |         |
| 12-Gauge M1012 Stabilized Fin            |                  |         |
| AZ14                                     |                  |         |
| 12-Gauge M1013 Crowd-Dispersal Cartridge |                  |         |
| AZ15                                     |                  |         |
| 40-MM M1006 Sponge Grenade               |                  |         |
| BA06                                     | 1310-01-452-1190 |         |
| 40-MM Foam Baton                         |                  |         |
| BA07                                     |                  |         |
| 40-MM Rubber Ball                        |                  |         |
| BA08                                     |                  |         |
| 40-MM M1029 Rubber Ball                  |                  |         |
| BZ11                                     |                  |         |
| MK141 Mod 0 Flash-Bang Grenade           |                  |         |
| DWBS                                     |                  |         |
| CS L96 Riot-Control Grenade              |                  |         |
| FZ14                                     |                  |         |
| L97 Practice Riot-Control Grenade        |                  |         |
| FZ15                                     |                  |         |
| M98 Distraction Grenade                  |                  |         |
| FZ16                                     |                  |         |
| M99 Blunt Trauma Grenade                 |                  |         |
| FZ17                                     |                  |         |
| M201A1/SM201A-1 Hand Grenade Fuze        |                  |         |
| G874                                     |                  |         |
| 9590 Nonlethal Rubber Ball Grenade       |                  |         |
| GG04                                     |                  |         |
| Nonlethal Practice Grenade Body          |                  |         |
| GG05                                     |                  |         |
| M84 Stun Grenade                         |                  |         |
| GG09                                     |                  |         |
| 12-Gauge Dummy Cartridge                 |                  |         |
|                                          | 1305-01-380-3255 |         |
| Live OC MK-4                             |                  |         |
|                                          | GSADEF5049       |         |
| Live OC MK-9                             |                  |         |
|                                          | 5099             |         |
| 12-Gauge Launching Cup                   |                  | CS19512 |

## Training Strategy

3-48. The Army G-3 has approved nonlethal munitions for however, if they are ise, use in predeployment training (See Table 3-3). as outlined in the training strategy described in Table 3-3.

| Training Event          | Point Rounds*      |   Area Rounds**  |
|-------------------------|--------------------|------------------|
| Instructional Fire      | 10                 |               4  |
| M203 GL M1200/500       |                    |                  |
| Behind Shields          | 5                  |               3  |
| Shotgun                 |                    |                  |
| Platoon Formation       | 5                  |               3  |
| Sustainment Training    | 5                  |               5  |
| Total Rounds            | 25                 |              15  |
| *                       | Qualification Fire |                  |
| ** Familiarization Fire |                    |                  |

## Training Availability

3-49. Current NLCS are issued to deploying units. Commanders can request NLCS through their chain of command for predeployment training. The supporting TADSS is GTA 19-08-004, *Nonlethal Munitions*.

## Procedures For Requesting Nonlethal Training Ammunition

3-50. Units requiring nonlethal training ammunition can complete procedures for requesting additional authorizations as outlined in Appendix C, AR 5-13. Before requesting ammo through higher headquarters answer the following questions:

- Does a training requirement exist?
- Has the installation ammunition manager been contacted for the requested ammunition?
- Has training guidance other than DA Pam 350-38 changed?
- Has the equipment on hand changed?
- Has the unit modified table of organization changed?
3-51. For units preparing to deploy in areas where a mission may require use of nonlethal munitions (and it has been determined by higher headquarters that the unit will be training for those type missions), the unit should complete the following procedures for requesting Nonlethal munitions.

3-52. If the unit has a valid training requirement, they should submit a request with justification for additional training ammunition not currently authorized by DA PAM 350-38 to their installation ammunition manager.

3-53. If the installation ammunition manager is unable to fill the request the unit should submit a request signed by commander to their Major Army Command. The request should include its justification for request (example: deployment to Kosovo where it has been determined by the unit's higher headquarters it may be involved in missions where non-lethal may be employed).

- The EST 2000 replicates the M1200 shotgun supporting nonlethal training requirements. The
EST 2000 is limited in nonlethal ammunition.
- JLCCTC simulates the effects of nonlethal munitions for leader and company collective training.
JLCCTC replicates multi-sided effects to include escalation supporting TEWT events. The JLCCTC also stimulates company battle command systems with nonlethal effects supporting
unit collective training.

## References

- AR 190-14, Carrying of Firearms and Use of Force for Law, Enforcement and Security Duties.
- DOD Directive 3000.3, Policy for Nonlethal Weapons.
- FM 3-22.31, 40-mm Grenade Launcher, 203.
- FM 3-22.40, Multi-Service Tactics Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Tactical
Employment of Nonlethal Weapons.
- TM 3-1365-204-12, Operator's and Organizational Maintenance Manual for Disperser and Riot
control Agent, Manually Carried.
- TM 3-1040-287-12&P, Operator's and Unit Maintenance Manual Including Repair Parts and
Special Tools List for Disperse and, Riot Control Agent, Mid-Sized: M37.

## Shotgun

3-54. Supporting TADSS include the EST 2000 and the LMTS. Although the LMTS BCT suite lacks the laser transmitter rod for the shotgun, the rod may be purchased. (See TM 9-1005-338-13&P, Unit and Direct Support Maintenance (Including Repair Parts and Special Tools List) for Mossberg 12-Gauge Shotgun.)

## Shoulder-Launched Munitions

3-55. These include the M136 AT4 M287 Field Handling Trainer, the M136 AT4 Subcaliber Tracer Trainer, the M141 BDM Field Handling Trainer, and the M190 LAW Subcaliber Training Device.

## M136 At4 M287 Field Handling Trainer

3-56. The AT4 FHT is an inert device made from an expended AT4 tactical launcher that simulates the weight, balance, characteristics, and operation of the launcher. The FHT is marked with either a gold or yellow 1-inch band between the front and rear sights and the word "DUMMY" in 1-inch letters on the side of the launch tube. Local TSC converts expended launchers to training devices. The TSC device number is DVC 07-68. (See Appendix B, FM 3-23.25 for specific guidance on setting up and training the FHT.)

## Capabilities And Limitations

3-57. The FHT trains the following skills:
- Inspect the AT4 for serviceability.
- Prepare an AT4 for firing.
- Demonstrate the correct AT4 firing position.
- Perform misfire procedures.
- Return an AT4 to a carrying position.

## Training Environment

3-58. By replicating the Soldier's combat load, the FHT familiarizes him with using the AT4 in individual marksmanship and collective training.

## M136 At4 Subcaliber Tracer Trainer

3-59. The M287 subcaliber tracer trainer (Figure 3-18, device number DVC 07-68) uses the 9-mm M939
training practice-tracer cartridge. When loaded, this trainer simulates the AT4 in weight, balance, and operation. The velocity and trajectory of its ammunition match that of the AT4's high-explosive antitank cartridge, but the M287 produces less noise, overpressure, and no backblast. The M287 subcaliber tracer trainer is used in place of the AT4 in training. (The device number for the subcaliber tracer device is A-44-51.)

3-60. The M287 tracer trainer accepts a special rifle barrel that fires a reduced-load 9-mm cartridge.

Maximum effective range is 300 meters. The M287 may be fired at stationary or moving targets. Unlike the tactical M136 AT4 and the FHT, the M287 has no band between the front and rear sights. The trainer has a 9-mm submachine gun barrel, a breach assembly, and a bolt.

## Limitations

3-61. The lack of backblast replication reduces the training effectiveness of the tracer trainer, because the device cannot realistically replicate the firing of the tactical round.

## Training Environment

3-62. The M287 tracer trainer is used for antiarmor gunner weapon qualification and familiarization.

(See Appendix B, FM 3-23.25 for specific guidance on setting up and training the tracer trainer.)

References
- FM 3-23.25, Shoulder-Launched Munitions.
- STP 21-1-SMCT, Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, Skill Level 1.
Supporting TADSS
- GTA 07-02-005. Use Part 1 (front sight template) and Part 2 (target silhouette sheet) together to
train Soldiers to obtain a correct sight picture.
- EST 2000.
- MILES.

## M141 Bdm Field Handling Trainer

3-63. The FHT duplicates the M141 BDM in weight, length, mechanical action, and external features. It consists of an inert reusable launcher filled with inert ballast to duplicate rocket weight and center of gravity. The firing mechanism safety button and trigger button are functional to permit gunner practice firing. The FHT can be reset after functioning by using a re-cocking pin stored under the night vision device mount protective cover. The only difference between the tactical BDM and FHT is the color of the marking band: FHT (gold), and BDM (yellow).

## Capabilities And Limitations

3-64. Units receive BDM training materials with each BDM pallet. Two of the BDM containers on the
pallet have gold-painted ends containing training materials:
- One CD ROM containing training documents and video presentations.
- Six paper copies of TM 9-1340-228-10.
- 24 paper copies of the trainee guide.
- One paper copy of the lesson plan.
- One paper copy of instructional media package.
- One set of overhead transparencies.
- Two training video tapes.

## Training Environment

3-65. The FHT trains individual familiarization and replicates the combat load supporting collective training exercises. The M141 FHT is not compatible with MILES or other TESS.

## M190 Law Subcaliber Training Device

3-66. The M190 subcaliber launcher (Figure 3-19) replicates the LAW by adding a M190 subcaliber conversion kit to an expended M72A2 LAW launcher. It is used to fire the M73 subcaliber 35-mm rocket.

The 35-mm rocket simulates the tactical rocket's smoke and flight trajectory, but with less noise and backblast. The TSC device number is AE-09-06. (See Appendix B, FM 3-23.25 for specific guidance on setting up and using this training device.) The M190 subcaliber launcher supports all training phases, from a fixed firing line to simulated tactical situations such as a squad live-fire exercise. It is both an individual familiarization device as well as a live-fire collective training aid.

## Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

3-67. These include system-specific TADSS and supporting TADSS.

## System-Specific Tadss

3-68. Training aids are currently under development for the Raven SUAV, and the tactical micro-air
vehicle. Proposed training devices include
- IMI Courseware.
- SUAV system replication for classroom instruction.
- Collective training simulation capability.
SUPPORTING TADSS
- JLCCTC.
- CCTT.
- OneTESS.

## Tow Missile

3-69. TOW trainers include the TOW Improved Target Acquisition system (ITAS) Basic Skills Trainer
(BST), the TOW ITAS Field Tactical Trainer, the TOW Gunnery Training System, the TOW Field Tactical Trainer, and the TOW MILES trainer.

## Tow Itas Basic Skills Trainer

3-70. The BST (Figure 3-20) supports initial, sustainment, and qualification training for TOW ITAS
gunners. The BST replicates the engagement procedures of the M41 ITAS.

3-71. The BST simulates the sight(s), controls, switches, and indicators of the M41 TOW ITAS.



3-72. The BST provides gunnery skill training, gunnery skill progression, and sustainment training. It is
used to train the following skills:
- Target identification.
- Target engageability determination.
- Target engagement, including tracking and firing.
- Fire commands.
- Missile selection.

## References

3-73. Individual, sustainment, and leader training strategies are fully addressed in FM 3-22.32, Improved Target Acquisition System, M41.

## Tow Itas Field Tactical Trainer

3-74. The TOW ITAS FTT (Figure 3-21) teaches precision gunnery skills on designated ranges, in general outdoor areas, and in representative tactical environments. The trainer consists of FTT-unique components and an ITAS Weapon System. The FTT attaches to the ITAS and replaces some of its components. The FTT can be either tripod or HMMWV-mounted. (See FM 3-22.32.)

Capabilities
- Missile launch and impact effects are realistically simulated.
- The FTT replicates most of the components of the TOW ITAS.
- The FTT integrates with MILES for collective training.

## Limitations

3-75. Within the limitations of technology the FTT is incapable of replicating the "fly-over, shoot-down"
capability of the TOW 2B missile.

Training
- The FTT trains gunners to assess target engageability and engages and tracks the target. - The FTT is interoperable with MILES and is used to provide TOW weapon effects
in force-on-force exercises.
- Individual, sustainment, leader, and collective training strategies are discussed fully in
FM 3-22.32.

## Tow Gunnery Training System

3-76. The TGTS provides realistic training and practice in engaging, tracking, and firing of the TOW II
Weapon Guided Missile System. The TSC device number is DVC 07-77. TGTS training, gunnery skills progression, and sustainment training. It is used to train the following skills:
- Target identification.
- Target engageability determination.
- Target engagement, including tracking and firing.
- Fire commands.

## Tow Field Tactical Trainer

3-77. The TFTT teaches precision gunnery skills to TOW gunners in the field. This training can occur on designated ranges, general outdoor areas, or representative tactical environments. The TFTT trains gunners to assess target engageability, and to engage and track the target. The TSC device number is DVC 07-78.

3-78. The FTT provides visual and aural cues associated with the TOW missile when engaging targets. It also realistically simulates missile launch and impact effects.

3-79. The FTT is compatible with MILES for force-on-force applications.

## Tow Miles System

3-80. TOW MILES is used in place of the FTT as the training system for force-on-force exercises.

3-81. MILES-equipped weapons have the same range and operational capabilities as the normal weapons. The TOW II is effective against armored MILES-equipped vehicles.

## Supporting Tadss

3-82. Support consists of one TESS.

## Training-Unique Ammunition

3-83. Table 3-4 shows ammunition components, DODICs, and descriptions of the training-unique ammunition that supports individual and collective training. DA PAM 350-38 provides qualification and familiarization requirements to include inert TADSS for TUA. See individual weapon system FMs for specific training guidance using TUA.

| Device                                                   | DODIC                                                 | Description                                                 |
|----------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| M203 GL                                                  |                                                       |                                                             |
| M781 practice round (20 meter danger radius)             | B519                                                  | Used for qualification and collective training.             |
| AT4                                                      |                                                       |                                                             |
| M939 9-mm                                                | A358                                                  | Used with the M287 AT4 subcaliber tracer trainer for        |
| qualification/ instructional fire.                       |                                                       |                                                             |
| Antitank weapon effect signature simulator               | L367                                                  | Used with MILES.                                            |
| 60-MM MORTAR                                             |                                                       |                                                             |
| M766 short-range training round (SRTR)                   | B645                                                  | Training round with maximum range of 538 meters. Used       |
| with M779 practice fuze. Round can be safely refurbished |                                                       |                                                             |
| 24 times.                                                |                                                       |                                                             |
| Refurbishing kit                                         | B653                                                  | Reloads the M766 SRTR.                                      |
| Full-range training round (FRTR)                         | BA15                                                  | Fired instead of HE ammunition.                             |
| PYROTECHNICS                                             |                                                       |                                                             |
| Flare surface trip                                       | L495                                                  | Used in collective training.                                |
| Simulated projectile ground burst                        | L594                                                  | Used in collective training.                                |
| Simulated projectile air burst                           | L595                                                  | Used in collective training.                                |
| Simulated booby trap flash                               | L598                                                  | Used in collective training.                                |
| Simulated booby trap illumination                        | L599                                                  | Used in collective training.                                |
| Simulated booby trap whistle                             | L600                                                  | Used in collective training.                                |
| Simulated hand grenade                                   | L601                                                  | Used in collective training.                                |
| UO TRAINING MUNITIONS                                    |                                                       |                                                             |
| M100 grenade rifle entry munition - training             |                                                       |                                                             |
| practice (inert)                                         |                                                       |                                                             |
| GG11                                                     | Used during ballistic breach training. Referred to as |                                                             |
| rifle-launched entry munition in TC 90-1.                |                                                       |                                                             |
| 5.56mm for GREM-TP                                       | G841                                                  | Used with GREM - TP.                                        |
| M84 stun grenade (fuze)                                  | GG18                                                  | Training fuze for M84 training stun grenade.                |
| M84 stun grenade (body)                                  | GG19                                                  | After 10 fuzes grenade body is no longer safe for training. |
| 5.56mm Special Effects Small Arms Marking                |                                                       |                                                             |
| System (SESAMS)                                          |                                                       |                                                             |
| AZ44                                                     | Used with the CCMCK (M4/M16).                         |                                                             |
| 5.56mm SESAMS Linked                                     | AZ45                                                  | Used with the CCMCK (M249 SAW).                             |

## Bradley Fighting Vehicle

3-84. This section describes TADSS that are specific to the M2-/M3-series and M7 BFVs.

## Dummy Rounds

3-85. Various dummy rounds are available to conduct training with the BFV's M242 25-mm automatic gun, M240 machine gun, and the TOW system. Table 3-5 contains requisition information for the two dummy rounds.

## M794 Dummy Round

3-86. This is a non-fire training round used on various BFV 25-mm tasks. It is noncorrosive cast metal and weighs about the same as the M792 and M793 rounds. Previous dummy rounds were made from fired casings that had plastic or wooden tips. Because the casing of a fired round is slightly expanded, previous rounds could get stuck in the breech of the 25-mm gun. The links can become damaged or rusty and must be changed often. Some authorities have recommended that cast metal rounds become uniform issue, and that older plastic or wooden tip casings be discontinued. The M794 dummy round is a Class V item that can be requisitioned with DA Form 581, *Request for Issue and Turn-In of Ammunition*.

## M172 Dummy Round

3-87. The 7.62-mm brass cartridge lacks gun powder and primer and has a metal tip. It is used for non-fire training with the M240 machine gun, and is recommended over the plastic-tipped version. (The plastic tips can become bent and get jammed either in the weapon or the feed chute.) The M172 round is a Class V item that can be requisitioned using DA Form 581.

## Caution

Because the M172 dummy round is made of brass and can be
damaged during training, inspect rounds periodically and replace
them as needed. Continued use of damaged rounds or links can
damage the feed chute or the weapon. Change links as often
as possible.

## Missile Simulation Round

3-88. The MSR is used to train crews in all non-fire TOW-related tasks. It is a dummy TOW round casing that comes in a crate the same as an actual round. The MSR simulates the actual weight of a real TOW missile. Though the MSR does not have a diaphragm or humidity indicator, it does have a front cover and a forward-handling ring. It is a nonexpendable major-end item that can be requisitioned through the supply system.

## Caution

If the guide lugs or electrical connector on the MSR are damaged, DO NOT USE the round. Continued use of a damaged round will damage the launcher.

## Training Integration

3-89. Dummy rounds can be used to train several tasks that are part of the GST.
- Load and unload the HE and AP ready boxes, load the 25-mm feeder, apply immediate action on
the 25mm, and unload and clear the 25-mm gun.
- Load, fire, apply immediate action, unload, and clear the M240-series machine guns.
- TOW training: Upload the BFV, upload the TOW launcher, apply immediate action on the
TOW subsystem, remove a misfire TOW, unload and stow a TOW to its storage configuration.

| Nomenclature                                | DODIC     |
|---------------------------------------------|-----------|
| Cartridge, 7.62-mm Dummy M172               | 1305-A159 |
| Cartridge, 7.62-mm Dummy M172 (Carton       |           |
| Packed)                                     |           |
| 1305-A162                                   |           |
| Cartridge, 25-mm Dummy M794 (Carton Packed) | 1305-A966 |
| Cartridge, 25-mm Dummy M794 (Linked)        | 1303-A967 |
| Missile Simulation Round (MSR)              |           |

## Precision Gunnery System

3-90. The only trainer in this category is the Precision Gunnery System (PGS). The PGS is an eye-safe laser simulation device that provides normal-and degraded-mode gunnery on unit vehicles. The system allows crews to develop and sustain gunnery skills while training with their own vehicles. All weapons and ammunition are duplicated in simulation by replicating tracer and missile signatures in the commander and gunner's sights. This allows crews to apply lead, burst on target (BOT) , and tracer-on-target (TOT)
procedures during engagements. The PGS is fully compatible on MILES-equipped ranges, vehicles, and targets on the MILES battlefield.

## Capabilities And Limitations

3-91. The system can send and receive hit, kill, and miss signals from other PGS-or MILES-equipped vehicles. A mounting reconfiguration allows the TOW to be fired in simulation while the 25-mm and coax are fired live. The PGS provides vehicle commanders (VC) the ability to review engagements during the after-action review (AAR) process. It displays ballistic information for each round fired. This information identifies placement of each simulated round in relation to the target, in mils, both in azimuth and elevation. (TM 9-6920-711-12&P and TM 9-6920-710-12&P provide additional information.)
3-92. The BFVA3 PGS is a vehicle-mounted training device that helps the BFV crew gain and improve proficiency in gunnery skills, without expending live ammunition. Gunnery and tactical training can be conducted wherever an eye-safe laser is permitted. The BFVA3 PGS provides the crew with the visual and sound effects that simulate real-world firing conditions. The BFVA3 PGS has full fire-control interface by interfacing system controls into the vehicle's training device interface panel (TDIP).

## Pgs Training Integration

3-93. PGS is the preferred device for the BFV for use on device-based gunnery training in preliminary and advanced gunnery. It can be incorporated into device-based gunnery tables to include I, II, VII, VIII, X, and XI.

## Bradley Advanced Training System

3-94. The BATS (Figure 3-22) is the virtual gunnery trainer for the BFVA3. The purpose of the BATS is to train and sustain a crew's ability to perform fundamental gunnery techniques in simulated gunnery and combat scenarios.

## Capabilities And Limitations

3-95. The BATS provides sustainment and cross-training programs to train crews in a simulated gunnery or combat mode. The system provides battle-focused training in the gunnery mode through the use of panel targets (IAW TC 25-8), range markers, ammunition allocation, and evaluation standards. The BATS provides realistic training in the combat mode by presenting realistic target models. Target destruction is accomplished by realistic PH/ PK, based on range and type. Engagement parameters are input to support a specific unit's threat template and METL.

## Training Integration

3-96. BATS is the primary virtual trainer for crews of the BFVA3 for preliminary gunnery training, and gunnery skills sustainment training. It is also useful in the retraining of crews that require it in the basic gunnery phase. BATS training builds the foundation of VC/gunner coordination and trains crews on engagement techniques for precision and degraded modes of gunnery in offensive and defensive postures.

BATS training integration trains all elements of the engagement process in a variety of environments.

## Conduct Of Fire Trainer-Enhanced

3-97. The COFT-E (Figure 3-23) is the virtual gunnery trainer for the BFVA2 and BFVA2/ODS. The purpose of the COFT-E is to train and sustain a crew's ability to perform fundamental gunnery techniques in simulated gunnery and combat scenarios.

## Capabilities And Limitations

3-98. The COFT-E provides sustainment and cross-training programs to train crews in a simulated gunnery or combat mode. The system provides battle-focused training in the gunnery mode through the use of panel targets (IAW TC 25-8), range markers, ammunition allocation, and evaluation standards. The COFT-E provides realistic training in the combat mode by presenting realistic target models. Target destruction is accomplished by realistic PH/ PK, based on range and type. Engagement parameters are input to support a specific unit's threat template and METL.

## Training Integration

3-99. The COFT-E is the primary virtual trainer for crews of the BFVA2 and BFVA2/ODS for preliminary gunnery training, and gunnery skills sustainment training. It is also useful in the retraining of crews that require it in the basic gunnery phase. COFT-E training builds the foundation of VC/gunner coordination and trains crews on engagement techniques for precision and degraded modes of gunnery in offensive and defensive postures. COFT-E training integration trains all elements of the engagement process in a variety of environments.

## Advanced Bradley Full-Crew Interactive Simulator Trainer

3-100. The AB-FIST (Figure 3-24) is an appended Bradley gunnery training device for use on a powerless, stationary, sheltered, BFV ODS and below. AB-FIST enables BFV crews to conduct Bradley gunnery training using the actual BFV switches and controls. The AB-FIST is a fully deployable, full-crew, high-fidelity training system capable of training and sustaining precision and battlesight gunnery. The AB-FIST incorporates the entire BFV crew, which enhances crew coordination.

3-101. The AB-FIST trains target acquisition, identification, driving, and engagement skills for BFV
crews, sections, and platoons. It has the capability of simulating use of both primary and alternate fire controls and sighting systems against mobile and stationary threats, single, and multiple target arrays. AB-FIST training is simulated in realistic battlefield environments during day, night, and reduced visibility conditions in European, desert, or urban environments. The network-capable system can be linked to conduct combined-arms training and mission rehearsal with the following systems: COFT XXI, TFT, A-FIST XXI, and VCCT. Realistic combat mode training is provided by presenting realistic target models IAW ROC-V 9.1. All ammunition characteristics are correct IAW the applicable firing table. The databases provided by the AB-FIST are European (summer and winter), desert, drban (Zussman urban site and geo-specific Baghdad). AB-FIST crew records are transferable to the TFT, and COFT XXI by either 3.5" floppy disk or writable compact disc.

## Limitations

3-102. The AB-FIST can be operated in any facility in a 35' x 20' area with 16 feet of overhead clearance.

Power required to operate the system is 115 Vac, 60 Hz, on a 30-amp circuit with L5-30R receptacle within 50' of the IOS. It can also be powered by a single-phase generator 115 Vac, 60 Hz, 30-amp within
70 feet of the IOS. There are no other operating limitations except those environmental considerations that affect the facility.

## Training Integration

3-103. AB-FIST training should be incorporated into the virtual gunnery training program of the unit. It is designed to train or sustain gunnery proficiency of crews by successfully completing exercises that require the performance of gunnery tasks under conditions similar to those encountered in combat.

## M2 Ods Tabletop Full-Fidelity Trainer

3-104. The M2A2 ODS TFT (Figure 3-25) is a fully deployable training system capable of training and sustaining precision and battlesight gunnery. The size of this system makes it ideal for deployment to remote sites by units equipped with M2A2 ODS BFVs. The TFT simulates the vehicle's primary fire control and sighting equipment, which are used against aerial and mobile/stationary ground targets in a realistic battlefield environment. The trainer evaluates commander/gunner performances and provides feedback to the crew as the training progresses.

3-105. The TFT consists of tabletop components including, a commander's station, weapons' station,
gunner's station, and instructor's station. Key TFT features include
- Deploys inside five two-man carry containers.
- Easily transported in HMMWV, van, or pickup truck.
- Uses standard 110V or 220V power.
- Operates in small tent powered by standard Army field generator.
- Crew records are transferable to the AB-FIST and COFT XXI by 3.5" floppy disc or writeable
compact disc.
- Realistic vehicle models (IAW ROC-V 9.1).
- All ammunition flight characteristics correct IAW the applicable firing table.

## Limitations

3-106. The TFT has no means to conduct engagements using the manual hand wheels. Engagements that would be conducted in the manual mode default to commander's engagements.

## Training Integration

3-107. The TFT is not the primary BFV virtual gunnery trainer. However, it does provide sustainment and cross-training programs to train crews in a simulated gunnery or combat mode. Because the TFT is easily transportable and deployable, it can be used to sustain critical gunnery skills while deployed.

## Stryker

3-108. This section discusses the common driver trainer and the Stryker ATGM Basic Skills Trainer
(BST).

## Common Driver Trainer

3-109. The Stryker Common Driver Trainer (CDT) (Figure 3-26) provides initial and sustainment driver training at training institutions and operational installations. The device consists of a simulated vehicle cab, instructor/operator station, a visual system, a 6-degree of freedom motion platform system, after-action report (AAR) station, and a computational system. The CDT provides realistic and challenging training through simulation of various weather and visibility conditions. The system database consists of nine task regions. Each region permits students to drive in terrains varying from steep mountains, to flat rural areas, to urban city settings that interact with traffic. Within the built up area, students are exposed to improvised explosive device (IED), small arms fire, and rocket-propelled grenades (RPG).

## Capabilities And Limitations

3-110. The CDT is designed to allow driving skills for all Stryker variants including mission equipment
packages for the
- Infantry carrier vehicle (ICV).
- Mortar carrier vehicle (MCV).
- Reconnaissance vehicle (RV).
- Command vehicle (CV).
- Medical evacuation vehicle (MEV).
- Engineer squad vehicle (ESV).
- Antitank guided missile vehicle (ATGM).
- Fire support vehicle (FSV).
- Nuclear biological chemical reconnaissance vehicle (NBCRV).
- Mobile Gun System (MGS).

## Training Environment

3-111.  The CDT is used in institutional training to familiarize Soldiers with the Stryker drivers controls, indicators and specific handling dynamics of the actual vehicle with or without SLAT armor. In the operational base, the CDT is used in both an initial and sustainment program with little or no cost regardless of local weather and visibility restrictions. The scenario generation tool box allows for tailorable mission rehearsal exercises prior to deployment, and unsafe driving trends within the unit. (See Chapter 7, Training Circular 7-21, Stryker Driver Training, December 2006.)

## Antitank Guided Missile Vehicle Basic Skills Trainer

3-112. The Stryker ATGM Basic Skills Trainer (BST, Figure 3-27) is an appended training device that links with a host vehicle to provide its training capability. THE ATGM BST reuses software developed for the Improved Target Acquisition System (ITAS) BST. The device allows the ATGM gunner to progress through a series of engagements using mock controls in the rear of the vehicle. Mobile and deployable, the ATGM BST can be used for initial and sustainment gunnery.

3-113. The BST replicates launch, aided target tracking, and allows for identification of friendly and threat armor targets.

## Limitations

3-114. The BST is an appended device.

## Training Environment

3-115. Training is administered by an instructor seated in the loaders seat of the ATGM BST. The student uses his operational controls to complete training

## Vehicle Instrument Interface Package

3-116. The Stryker VIIP (Figure 3-28) appends to vehicles and simulates direct and indirect fire engagements. The VIIP instruments tanks, Bradleys, and Strykers using MILES XXI, Mobile Gun System Tactical Engagement Simulation System (MGS TESS), Tank Weapon Gunnery Simulation System, and Precision Gunnery System. The VIIP allows brigade commanders and training exercise managers to oversee the exercises and conduct a comprehensive AAR.

3-117. The VIIP links Stryker vehicles with the instrumentation systems at the Combat Training Centers and the Alaska Range; as well as to the Initial Homestation Instrumentation Training System (HITS); the Deployable Instrumented Training System (DITS); and the Deployable System for Training and Readiness DSTARS).

## Training Environment

3-118. The VIIP is installed, operated, and maintained by Combat Training Centers. Other than its physical presence and effect on the vehicle load plan, its operation is transparent to the Soldier.

## Mgs Interim Deployable Advanced Gts

3-119. The Stryker MGS Interim Deployable Advanced Gunnery Training System (IDAGTS)
(Figure 3-29) replicates the vehicle commander and gunner crew stations and controls to help them develop individual and crew gunnery skills. The IDAGTS provides an interim step toward development of the MGS Advanced Gunnery Training System (AGTS) full-fidelity crew trainer. It leverages proven M1A2 Abrams tank AGTS software, databases, and visual models, and at the same time allows MGS
crews to train basic gunnery tasks and gate exercises IDAGTS contains a progression matrix to help meet the requirements of the advanced gunnery tables. The system uses the new Arab Urban Operations, desert, and Korean terrain databases. It also allows free movement in the new Arab UO database.

## Section Ii - Nonsystem Tadss

3-120. This section discusses every TADSS for the Infantry company except those that pertain to one specific combat system. These TADSS incorporate a wide variety of tasks to enable the commander to conduct the CRAWL-WALK-RUN-phased training strategy. He may use them to support individual, leader, and collective training.

## Call-For-Fire Trainer

3-121. The CFFT is an indirect fire mission-training device using three-dimensional technologies to create virtual battlefields. It provides a common task trainer for all Soldiers supporting basic and advanced call for fire skills. It can be integrated and distributed with other constructive and virtual simulations. The CFFT replaces Guardfist and Training Set Forward Observer. The TSC device number for this call-to-fire trainer is DVC 06-61/06-61A.

3-122. The CFFT trains the following tasks and capabilities:
- Observer location and direction.
- Call-for-fire grid and call-for-fire polar.
- Shift from known point.
- Adjust area fire and adjust area fuze time.
- Suppression and immediate suppression.
- Fire for effect.
- Coordinated illumination and continuous illumination.
- Final protective fires.
- Immediate and quick smoke.
- registration point time registration, and mortar registration.
- Irregularly shaped targets.
- Replication and simulation of LLDR capabilities.
- Use of tactical binoculars.
- Close air support Levels 2 and 3.
- Naval gunfire.
- Integration with the mortar fire control systems (mortar ballistic computer) for leader training.
- Night vision goggles and thermal imagery.
- Interoperability with other training systems: CCTT, UAS Simulator, and JLCCTC integrates call
for and adjust fire into other tactical tasks.
- Multiple terrain databases for mission rehearsal capabilities.
3-123. The CCFT is best used for leader/Soldier refresher and sustainment training. A typical training mission takes six minutes for each individual Soldier. IBCTs receive two systems each capable of training up to 12 Soldierss at a time. A typical training session takes 72 minutes. The CFFT is normally maintained at the installation TSC and supported through the BCTC.

SUPPORTING TADSS
- GTA 17-02-015, The Call for Fire.
- GTA 07-01-005, Target Grid Methods of Fire.
- GTA 07-01-032, Observed Fire Reference Card.
- GTA 06-05-001, Multi-Purpose Protractor.
- GTA 06-07-003, Observed Fire Fan.

## Cbrn Tadss

3-124. This paragraph discusses the AN/TDQ-T1, AN/TDQ-T2, the chemical agent monitor simulator
(CAMSIM), the M141 atomic explosion simulator, the M256 chemical detection training kit.

## An/Tdq-T1 Radiac Trainer

3-125. AN/TDQ-T1 large area radiation, detection, indication, and computation (RADIAC) trainer simulates the functions of RADIAC meter (AN/PDR-56F) to identify and map alpha radiation contamination.

## Components

3-126. This trainer replicate the actual RADIAC meter set. It includes the simulated RADIAC receiver, OR-114/TDQ-1(V) and transmitter, OT-51/TDQ-(V). two hot-spot transmitters, and four point source contamination simulators. The TSC device number is DVC 03-05/1-3.

3-127. Units may practice all operator tasks with the main probe, the auxiliary probe, and the X-ray probe.

Soldiers may hear the same audible clicks through the headset and see the meter respond, replicating the operational RADIAC meter in the presence of radioactive material. The omni-directional hot spot transmitter simulates an area of alpha contamination by sending radio frequency (RF) signals. These are translated to audible clicks and meter readings by the receivers within the RADIAC meter simulator. The leader may change the size of the area of contamination from 10 to 1000 meters for each transmitter by adjusting the variable attenuators. The RADIAC meter simulator has no antenna (which could detract from training realism) and it is not sensitive to elevation changes or body effects. Realism is enhanced by the use of internal ultrasonic sound navigation and ranging to measure probe height.

3-128. The RADIAC meter supports classroom instruction and ST on the use of the IM174. It also supports collective training during field exercises by training Soldiers to operate the meter without the use of radioactive material.

## Reference

3-129. STP 21-24-SMCT.

## An/Tdq-T2: Radiac Training Set

3-130. The AN/TDQ-T2 (Figure 3-30) is designed to project a forward directional RF pattern to simulate a radioactive fallout field. The TSC device number is DVC 03-15. The system consists of an equipment/transit case that holds the RADIAC meter, M-243/VDR-2, mobile transceiver, and the antenna, cable, and mast case.

## Chemical Agent Monitor Simulator

3-131. The CAMSIM (Figure 3-31) replicates the chemical agent monitor (CAM) capability for detecting
point source and area based contamination of both nerve and blister agents. The TSC device number is DVC 03-16. The CAMSIM
- CAMSIM does not use any chemical stimulants.
- Powered with a standard CAM battery or battery pack.
- Compatible with the CAM buzzer and all CAM accessories. - Stores and provides operator error messages to the instructor showing errors such as bumping
the nozzle against a contaminated source, and incorrect mode changes.
- Sequences through the standard power up sequence of the CAM.
- Incorporates a confidence tester, which exactly duplicates the function of the CAM
confidence tester.


## M141 Atomic Explosion Simulator

3-132. The M141 is a pyrotechnic item that displays the visual and auditory effects of a nuclear explosion.

Initiated on the ground at a reduced scale, it alerts troops participating in field exercises that a nuclear device has exploded.

## M256 Chemical Detection Training Kit

3-133. The M256 trainer (Figure 3-32) Simulator provides realistic training while avoiding unnecessary
exposure to potentially carcinogenic reagents in the M256 detector kit. The M256 trainer contains 36 pre-engineered detector tickets and an instruction booklet. The pre-engineered detector tickets show color
changes comparable to those seen when the M256 detector kit is used in clean or contaminated environments. The TSC device number is DVC A-03-11. See STP 21-24-SMCT for specific guidance on using the M256 chemical detection training kit in individual and collective training. Capabilities include
training Soldiers to identify the following agents:
- Hydrogen cyanide AC, blood agent (cyanide).
- Cyanogen chloride CK, blood agent (cyanide).
- Mustard H, blister agent.
- Nitrogen mustard HN, blister agent.
- Distilled mustard HD, blister agent.
- Phosgene oxime CX, blister agent.
- Lewsite L, blister agent.
- Nerve agents V and G series.
3-134. The M291 skin decontamination kit (Figure 3-33) is the Soldier's primary means for immediate decontamination of skin following exposure to chemical agents. The configuration of the training kit is similar to the M291 skin decontamination kit, except there is no pouch. Its packet is blue and marked for use in training only. The M291 kit consists of a wallet-like flexible carrying pouch containing individually sealed foil packets. Each packet contains a folded nonwoven fiber applicator pad with an attached strap handle on one side. The pad contains a reactive and absorptive resin polymer mixture.

## M81 Simulation Detector Unit

3-135. The M81 simulation detector unit (Figure 3-34) is a portable training device designed for use in the field with the M43A1 chemical agent detector. The TSC device number is DVC 03-06.

3-136. The M81 simulation detector unit remotely activates detectors to signal the presence of agents as they would during normal operations. The trainer/controller uses a hand-held lightweight transmitter that sends signals to selected detectors causing an alarm to sound. Each M81 is used with up to four chemical alarms deployed in a tactical situation. The alarm is selectively triggered from remote positions up to 1,000
meters away in support of realistic chemical attack training.

Components
- Transit case.
- Four receiver assemblies.
- Five antennas.
- Transmitter.
- Power cable extender.
- Manual.

## M9 Simulator, Projectile, Airburst, Liquid

3-137. The SPAL, when fired, simulates a toxic rain attack. The device provides a realistic simulated persistent agent enabling Soldiers to perform detection and decontamination procedures for personnel and equipment. The DODIC number is L598.

## Mark I Nerve Agent Antidote Training Kit

3-138. The nerve agent antidote training kit is equipped with a simulated nerve agent antidote auto-injector kit (Figure 3-35) used to train Soldiers in the proper administration of antidote for chemical nerve agent poisoning. The TSC device number is DVC 08-36.

Capabilities
- Replicates the operational auto-injector except for color coding and description of contents.
- Functions like actual injectors, except contains neither drugs nor needle.
- Is color-coded light blue with white on black labels for training.
- Functions with an audible click and ejects a 0.25-inch plastic flat prod (needle) when activated
with an applied pressure of 1.5 to 9 pounds.
References
- GTA 03-01-006, M12A1 Decontaminating Apparatus.
- STP 21-1-SMCT, Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, Skill Level 1.
- STP 21-24 SMCT, Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, Skill Level 2, 3, and 4.

## Close Combat Mission Capability Kit

3-139. CCMCK is a force-on-force or force-on-target, short-range, marksmanship and collective task training system. The kit provides a limited range, small arms engagement capability to conduct individual and collective operational preparation. The training system is designed to meet requirements of stability operations support operations (SOSO), urban operations (UO), and the special response teams.

CAPABILITIES
- CCMCK supports M16/4, M249 SAW, and M9 pistols.
- Resourcing for UO training comes from the collective training ammunition allocated for each
weapon IAW DA Pam 350-38 (see Training Unique Ammunition in Section I, System TADSS).
- Mission rehearsal capability enhances lethality and survivability in Close Quarter Combat such
as clearing buildings, rooms, tunnels, entrenchments, and to react to or conduct a near ambush.
LIMITATIONS
- The Army recommends a trained instructor with technical knowledge and safety skills is present
to use CCMCK.
- Not all recommended safety equipment is supplied with CCMCK issue.
- The maximum effective range is about 30 meters.
- Special Effects Small Arms Marking System (SESAMS), used as a part of CCMCK, is listed as
Class V and as is stored at the installation ammunition supply point separate from the equipment kit located at TSC.
3-140. The CCMCK is a user installed weapons modification system that allows the Soldier to employ his individual weapon (M16, M4, M249, M9) at short range. The system uses low velocity marking ammunition while precluding the weapon from firing standard service ammunition. It also provides employment cues (aiming, firing, ejection, immediate action, loading, re-load) and immediate target feedback during force-on-force and force on target engagements, interactive live fire scenario task, and mission rehearsal.

3-141. Chapter 7, FM 3-22.9 describes the reflexive fire techniques Soldiers need to train supported by CCMCK. FM 3-06.11 describes tactics, techniques, and procedures used during short-range target engagements. CCMCK supports the training scenarios outlined in TC 90-1.

REFERENCES
- DA Pam 350-38, Standards in Weapons Training.
- TC 90-1, Training for Urban Operations.
- FM 3-22.9, Rifle Marksmanship M16A1, M16A2/3, M16A4, and M4 Carbine.
- FM 3-06.11, Combined Arms Operations in Urban Terrain.

## Close Combat Tactical Trainer

3-142. The CCTT facility provides a combined arms training capability. CCTT consists of manned modules (M1, M2, HMMWV, [Enhanced] dismounted Infantry manned modules [E-DIMM]), Reconfigurable Vehicle Simulator (RVS) manned modules (wheeled vehicles), Tactical Operations Center (TOC) mock-ups, SAF, master control station , and AAR capability. Dismounted Soldier Manned Modules are an emrging capability that will will replace the E-DIMMs and provide virtual simulation training for ground Soldiers. The TSC device number is A-71-02.

3-143. The CCTT facilities are currently fielded to the installations supporting heavy brigade combat
teams (HBCT). IBCT Infantry companies will be supported by either CCTT facilities with RVS or by Reconfiguarable Vehicle Tactical Trainers (RVTT). Those units located on a installation with a HBCT can train with the following capabilities:
- HMMWV modules can provide commanders with virtual views of the battlefield integrated with
constructive simulation training exercises. HMMWV modules are equipped with the Army Battle Command Systems (ABCSs) stimulated by the CCTT SAF that enables collective digital training.
- The RVS replicate HMMWV (regular and up-armored), the family of medium tactical vehicles
(FMTV), and other tactical wheeled vehicles. The RVS provides a capability for individual and collective training on recon/scout missions, logistics package operations, mounted patrolling,
SOSO and convoy defense drills similar to the VCCT.
- The E-DIMM provides Infantry leaders a dismounted mission rehearsal capability for possible
TEWT events and combined arms integration exercises with mechanized forces.
- CCTT modernization efforts will provide an immersive , virtual trainer for dimoutned Soldiers
called Dismountd Soldier capabible of training individual and leader tasks as well as collective tasks up through platoon. The dismounted Soldier manned moduales will be fielded to the RVTTs as well.
- CCTT will have a capability to integrate combined arms training such as aviation support via the
Aviation Combined Arms Trainer (AVCATT). Leaders will be able to train command and
control (C2) of combined arms forces during tactical operations.

## Limitations

3-144. CCTT is limited because of its platform-centric focus.
- The E-DIMM dismounted capability is limited in functionality and only replicates suad and
platoon leader positions. The voice recognition feature that controls squad members requires
time for additional leader training and voice system recognition to achieve optimal system performance.
- UO are limited to maneuver through cities. Vehicles and Soldiers cannot enter buildings.

## References

3-145. *The Unit Leader's Guide to Training* in the CCTT video can be obtained from the Training Support Center at your installation by ordering TVT 17-220, PIN 711131.

Note:
VCCT provides a capability similar to CCTT RVS at fielded locations. Coordinate with the BCTC for availability.

## Cots Simulations

3-146. Many times, Infantry units do not have enough personnel, time, or resources to properly train squads collectively. Resources are often retained by higher headquarters due to tight deployment schedules, land restrictions, logistics constraints, and many other reasons. Due to the current operational demands on Infantry brigades, the reality of limited resources often affects training opportunities at the squad level. Leaders at all levels will need to look for innovative and easily resourced ways to sustain training levels at the small unit level. This section outlines current and emerging COTS simulations that have a potential to benefit companies in crawl level training supporting small unit introduction and familiarization training.

## Use In Training

3-147. Nothing replaces live training. Given today's reality of resource constraints and limited time, alternative training techniques must be pursued. Additionally, conservation of limited resources can be achieved by conducting COTS simulations prior to live training.

3-148. Leaders can focus resources on live training by using COTS simulations as a precursor for often neglected, complex events. COTS simulations also allow units to exercise and refine SOPs, and to integrate doctrine and TTPs.

3-149. Computer simulations prepare Soldiers to conduct live training. Leaders can use COTS simulations in the crawl and walk phases, focusing on task execution so live training can be executed at a higher proficiency level.

3-150. COTS simulations should be planned and controlled the same as live events. COTS simulations best train cognitive decision-making skills. The simulations leverage a robust and complex scenario generation capability and provide a comprehensive AAR tool that allows leaders to repetitively train multiple scenarios.

CAPABILITIES
- Provide the ability for units to train and rehearse SOPs with a moderate level of fidelity.
- Use visual and auditory cues to stress the need for timely, concise, and accurate reporting. Units
can train to provide rapid and concise reporting scheme to update the leader's operational
picture. The simulations typically replicate the tactical environment to gather and report intelligence.
- Provide a limited measure of spatial orientation stimulated by moderate environmental cues
permitting training on tactical movement IAW terrain, weather, and enemy.
- [Scenarios] Contain adequate information to develop the direct fire plan and at least a partial
IPB before a training exercise.
- Use units from squad to company size to exercise command and control skills.

## Limitations

3-151. This system has two limitations:

## Tactical Communications

3-152. This applies unless supported by voice over Internet protocol. Tactical communications and hand-and-arm signals are not supported by COTS simulations. These shortcomings can be resolved by using organic radio equipment for verbal communication, or by placing workstations close enough that squad members can hear audio commands over the simulated sound effects.

## Weapons Performance

3-153. Most COTS simulation weapons effects and performance do not accurately reflect weapon characteristics which create a potential for negative training. For example, the weapons are uncharacteristically accurate at long distances. In addition, a simulated weapon has an unrealistic "first round on target" capability that does not reflect operational conditions of Soldier fatigue, wind, obstacles, and weapon malfunctions. These shortcomings do not adversely affect collective task training.

America's Army
3-155. America's Army is a squad-based, first-person shooter simulation that replicates a Soldier's
training, beginning with Initial Entry Training, Airborne, UO, and Special Forces training. The goal is to
develop a team-based force using Special Forces and Combat Medics to operate in the COE. America's
Army provides the following training capabilities:
- Crawl-level team-building tool for C2 plus entry-level improvement on TTPs.
- Currently the game allows 16 players per side (friendly and enemy).
- It is networkable.
- Communication is person-to-person or headset over local or wide area network connections and
also includes text chat.
- Scenarios are built upon geotypical (generic terrain and non-specific structures) terrain. The
database includes UO scenarios.
- Specific government add-ons include the Adaptive Thinking Leadership Trainer for cultural
awareness training.
Self-Directed Learning Internet Module ES2 System
3-156. SLIM ES3 focuses on presence patrol training. The simulation supports training in active surveillance and threat indicator identification.

3-157. Participants role play Soldiers on point in an environment modeled on a southwest Asian urban setting. ES3 is provided with an intuitive editor that enables non-programmers to build levels and create or modify objects as the operational environment evolves.

Full Spectrum Command
3-158.  FSC is company commander-level tactical decision trainer. The Infantry commander focuses on operating against asymmetric threats in an urban environment. FSC prepares commanders to
- Analyze a five paragraph battalion operations order.

- Conduct mission analysis and develop a course of action.

- Conduct company operations.

Full Spectrum Leader
3-159. The FSL lets platoon leaders train in an asymmetrical environment. The FSL provides an adaptive, learning environment with stimulating player-OPFOR interaction, which instills confidence in the Soldiers. It also provides familiarization training on close air support (CAS), call for and adjust fire, and casualty evacuation.

Full Spectrum Warrior
3-160.  FSW supports small unit asymmetrical operations training in an urban environment. This simulation focuses on critical leader decisionmaking skills. The squad leader directs simulated squad members in various tactical scenarios. RDECOM distributes the software. The FSW allows modification of scenarios and difficulty level. It has basic AAR (replay) capability. The simulation trains these two tasks:
- Analyze mission orders.

- Develop and execute course of action.

Rapid Decision Trainer
3-161. The RDT is a personal computer-based simulation that trains Infantry platoon leaders to plan, execute, and assess their own performance during squad and platoon level LFXs in a virtual environment.

It supports doctrinally correct scenarios including operational graphics.

Capabilities and Limitations
3-162. The trainer incorporates advanced performance assessment tools and techniques to assist in
evaluating a leader's decision-making skills.
- Leaders can examine exercise performance through the simulation event log.
- Limited to live-fire exercises at Fort Benning's Griswold and Ware Ranges.
3-163. Each RDT training scenario has the following four phases:The exercise begins with the leader logging on and establishing a separate log for each training event.

1.
The introduction provides a four minute briefing describing the purpose, tasks, conditions,
standards, and the required doctrinal references.
2.
Leaders review company and platoon OPORDs; map overlays; complete task reorganization;
establish signal and fire support plans; and conduct pre combat inspections during the planning phase.
3.
Missions conducted during the mission phase include movement to contact, reaction to
contact, and consolidation and reorganization.
4.
The assessment combines embedded and self assessment techniques to evaluate a leader's
performance. Leaders receive feedback during the AAR. A record of performance is
maintained on the student's computer. A copy of the record can be forwarded to an instructor for additional evaluation.

## Alternate Cots Simulations

3-164. The preceding mentioned simulated training programs are meant to serve as a guide to help the
commander to reach out for alternative training resources, but their listing is not comprehensive. Following
is a list of COTS simulations that are not discussed here, but that are available:
- Asymmetrical Warfare Virtual Training Technology.
- Battle Command 2010.
- Battlefield 1942.
- Civil Support Team Trainer.
- Critical Leadership Analysis System.
- DARWARS Tactical Language Trainer.
- Decisive Action.
- Delta Force Team Saber.
- Digital Warrior.
- Gator Six, Battery Command Virtual Experience.
- Guard Force.
- M1 Tank Platoon.
- Mission Rehearsal Exercise.
- Operation Flashpoint.
- Saving Sergeant Pabletti.
- Sim FX.
- Spearhead II.
- Steel Beasts.
- TAC-OPS.

## Engagement Skills Trainer 2000

3-165. The EST 2000 trains marksmanship, collective defensive engagements, and decision skills for rules of engagement (ROE) situations. Networkable subsystems enable ten Soldiers to train simultaneously. It trains fire control and distribution at squad level.

## Modes

3-166. The EST 2000 operates in three different modes: marksmanship, shoot-don't shoot, and collective training:

## Marksmanship

3-167. In the marksmanship mode the weapons accurately replicate recoil, balance, weight and action, and can train handling drills.

## Shoot-Don'T Shoot

3-168. Shoot-don't shoot mode provides judgmental use of force with multiple outcomes allowing instructors to escalate or de-escalate the training situation.

## Collective Training

3-169. Collective mode (squad tactical) provides squads the opportunity to train static defensive tactics in various environments.

CAPABILITIES
- Thirteen ranges (Army training center ranges, Fort Benning Malone Complex) support basic and
advanced rifle marksmanship training.
- Fourteen tactical environments support squad defensive scenarios (including forest, desert and
urban settings).
- Over 30 target models range from individual weapon targets to crew-served weapon targets.
Each target displays a killed or damaged view after it has been hit.
- Special effects include artillery, explosion, muzzle flash, tracers, flares, grenade explosions,
vehicle explosions, smoke effects, bullet splash, rain, snow, hail, fog, clear weather, day night, dusk, and dawn.
- A scenario editor creates or modifies scenarios.
- The trainer replicates the feel, weight, recoil, fit, and sounds of 11 Army small arms.
 M16A2/A4 rifle.  M4 carbine.  M9 pistol.  M249 machine gun.  M240B machine gun.  M60 machine gun.
 M2 .50 cal. machine gun.  MK 19 grenade machine gun.  M203 grenade launcher.  M136 antitank weapon (AT4).  M1200 shotgun.
3-170. Rifle rifle marksmanship typically requires from 9 to 11 hours for grouping and zeroing, 6.4 to 6.8
hours for Field Fire I and II, and 2.6 to 2.9 hours for practice and record fire.
Home Station TrainingFigure 3-36 shows an example of marksmanship strategies for home station training.

Initial Entry TrainingFigure 3-37 shows an example marksmanship strategy from IET.

## Infantry Company Deployed In Theater

3-171. Figure 3-38 shows an example marksmanship strategy for an Infantry company while deployed in theater. Theater TSC provides the EST 2000 facility.

## Collective Training

3-172. Completing five collective training scenarios takes about an hour.

## Rules Of Engagement (Shoot-Don'T Shoot)

3-173. The five scenarios in Shoot-Don't Shoot can require about 110 minutes to complete. When training these scenarios, leaders must enforce the standards of fire discipline because Soldiers tend to shoot as if they had unlimited ammunition; therefore it is recommended that at among the lethal hits, near-misses, and misses, at least 50 percent should be lethal hits in the initial training mode. Shoot-don't shoot scenarios are limited to five lane configurations. The EST 2000 weapons mix (Table 3-7) is unit dependent. An installation only supporting an IBCT receives a light weapons mix. An installation supporting a HBCT receives a heavy weapons mix.

Light Weapon Mix
Heavy Weapon Mix
M16
10
M16
10
M4
10
M4
10
M9
6
M9
6
M249
3
M249
3
M240
2
M240
2
M2
0
M2
2
MK19
0
MK19
2
M203
4
M203
4
AT4
3
AT4
3
M1200
2
M1200
2

References
- TM 07-6910-702-10, Operator Manual: EST 2000.
- FM 3-22.9. Rifle Marksmanship: M16A1, M16A2/3, M16A4, and M4 Carbine.
- DA-PAM 350-38, Standards in Weapons Training.

## Graphic Training Aids

3-174. Table 3-8 lists GTAs that affect Infantry company leaders. These GTAs can support individual and unit collective training as classroom aids or quick-reference guides. Many are referenced elsewhere in this FM. Others are related to and recommended for use in TADSS Infantry training. Additional GTAs are available at local TSCs and online at the ATSC web site, http://www.atsc.army.mil.

| GTA                                                                        | Title                                                                      | Pub Date     |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|
| 03-01-006                                                                  | M12A1 Decontaminating Apparatus                                            | 15 Aug 2001  |
| 05-08-005                                                                  |                                                                            |              |
| Leadership and the Environment: Unit Leader's Field Guide, Assessment, and |                                                                            |              |
| Quality-Assurance Checklist                                                |                                                                            |              |
| 01 Jan 1999                                                                |                                                                            |              |
| 05-08-013                                                                  | Training and Environment Soldier's Field Card                              | 01 Jul 2005  |
| 05-10-034                                                                  | Conventional U.S. Land Mines                                               | 04 Jan 1995  |
| 05-10-036                                                                  | Mine Card, Part I                                                          | 28 May 1997  |
| 05-10-037                                                                  | Mine Card, Part II                                                         | 28 May 1997  |
| 05-10-041                                                                  |                                                                            |              |
| Maintaining, Employing, and Operating the Modular Pack Mine System (MOPMS) |                                                                            |              |
| and the Remote Control Unit (RCU)                                          |                                                                            |              |
| 15 Jul 1999                                                                |                                                                            |              |
| 05-10-044.                                                                 | Mine Awareness (SANDI)                                                     | 1 May 1999   |
| 05-10-052                                                                  | Selectable Lightweight Attack Munition (SLAM), M4                          | 01 Feb 2003  |
| 05-11-016                                                                  | Standard/Situational Obstacle Job Aid                                      | 01 Apr 2002  |
| 06-05-001                                                                  | Multi-purpose Protractor                                                   | 01 Jun 1979  |
| 06-07-003                                                                  | Observed Fire Fan                                                          | 08 Jan 1983  |
| 07-01-005                                                                  | Target Grid Methods of Fire                                                | 01 Jun 1965  |
| 07-01-032                                                                  | Observed Fire Reference Card                                               | 01 Jun 1987  |
| 07-01-035                                                                  | MK19 Disassembly Layout (Chart)                                            | 01 Jan 1994  |
| 07-01-038                                                                  | Infantry Leader's Reference Card                                           | 01 Jan 1995  |
| 07-01-039                                                                  | Disassembly Layout Chart, M16A2 Rifle                                      | 02 Jan 1996  |
| 07-01-040                                                                  | M-4 Carbine, Field Stripped                                                | 18 Jul 2001  |
| 07-01-041                                                                  | Conversion Chart, 30 Gram                                                  | 01 Jun 1998  |
| 07-01-042                                                                  | M249 MG Disassembly Mat                                                    | 01 May 2001  |
| 07-01-043                                                                  | BRM Coaches Checklist (4 Fundamentals)                                     | 01 May 2000  |
| 07-02-005                                                                  | Sight Engagement Trainer, AT4 (Parts 1 and 2)                              | 02 Jan 1990  |
| 07-04-005                                                                  | Pathfinder Control Zone Scale                                              | 01 Jan 1987  |
| 07-04-006                                                                  | Infantry Leader's Reference Card for Building the Company Team for Defense | 02 May 1994  |
| 07-04-007                                                                  | Training Meeting                                                           | 01 Sep 1994  |
| 07-04-008                                                                  | Infantry Leader's Reference Card for Linkup Operations                     | 02 Jan 1995  |
| 07-06-001                                                                  | Fighting Position Construction - Infantry Leader's Reference Card          | 01 June 1992 |
| 07-10-001                                                                  | Machine Gunner's Card                                                      | 01 Jun 2002  |
| 07-10-002                                                                  | Advanced Infantry Marksmanship Strategies and Standards                    | 01 Jun 2002  |
| 07-10-003                                                                  | Small Unit Leader's Card (Infantry)                                        | 01 Mar 2003  |
| 08-01-002                                                                  | Leader's Guide to AAR Debriefings                                          | 01 Aug 1996  |
| 08-01-004                                                                  | MEDEVAC Request Form                                                       | 01 May 1997  |
| 08-07-001                                                                  | Combat Stress Control                                                      | 01 Oct 1996  |
| 08-11-014                                                                  | MILES Casualty Cards                                                       | 04 Jan 1993  |
| 09-04-005                                                                  | Mine AT M21 (Tank Killer)                                                  | 01 May 1970  |
| 09-12-001                                                                  | Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Procedures                                       | 03 Jan 1992  |

## Table 3-8. Graphic Training Aids (Continued).

| GTA                                                                        | Title                                                                  | Pub Date    |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------|
| 09-12-002                                                                  | Initial Downwind Hazard Area Template                                  | 03 Jan 1995 |
| GTA 17-02-011                                                              | Combat Vehicle Identification (CVI) Training Cards                     | 03 Jan 1984 |
| 17-02-015                                                                  | The Call for Fire                                                      | 01 Apr 2000 |
| 09-07-001                                                                  | Enemy Prisoners of War (EPW) Basic Commands                            | 01 Feb 1989 |
| 19-08-004                                                                  | Nonlethal Munitions                                                    | 01 Oct 2001 |
| 21-03-004                                                                  | Battle Fatigue, Normal Common Signs, What to Do For Self and Buddy Aid | 02 Jun 1986 |
| 21-03-005                                                                  | Battle Fatigue                                                         | 03 Oct 1983 |
| 21-03-006                                                                  | Battle Fatigue, Company Leader Actions and Prevention                  | 01 Jun 1994 |
| 21-03-009                                                                  | Code of Conduct Card                                                   | 01 Aug 1989 |
| 21-03-010                                                                  | Code of Conduct Chart                                                  | 02 Oct 1989 |
| 21-06-002                                                                  | Advanced Land Navigation                                               | 01 Feb 1973 |
| 21-08-001                                                                  | Risk Management Information Card                                       | 01 Jun 2000 |
| 22-06-004                                                                  | Army Values/Soldier's Creed Card                                       | 10 Aug 2004 |
| 22-06-005                                                                  | Army Values/Warrior Ethos Tag                                          | 10 Aug 2004 |
| 24-01-003                                                                  | Iraq Culture Smart Card                                                | 20 May 2006 |
| 43-01-003                                                                  | HMMWV Hot Weather/Desert Operations                                    | 01 May 2005 |
| 55-03-030                                                                  | HMMWV Up-Armored Emergency Procedures/Performance Measures             | 01 Oct 2006 |
| 90-01-001                                                                  | IED and VBIED Smart Card                                               | 20 May 2004 |
| 03-01-006                                                                  | M12A1 Decontaminating Apparatus                                        | 15 Aug 2006 |
| 05-08-005                                                                  |                                                                        |             |
| Leadership and the Environment: Unit Leader's Field Guide, Assessment, and |                                                                        |             |
| Quality Assurance Checklist                                                |                                                                        |             |
| 01-Jan-1999                                                                |                                                                        |             |
| 05-08-013                                                                  | Training and Environment Soldier's Field Card                          | 01 Jul 2005 |
| 05-10-31                                                                   | U.S. Firing Devices, Booby Traps, and Expedients                       | 02 Oct 1989 |
| 05-10-33                                                                   | Demolition Card                                                        | 03 Jan 1994 |
| 05-10-034                                                                  | Conventional U.S. Land Mines                                           | 04 Jan 1995 |
| 05-10-036                                                                  | Mine Card, Part I                                                      | 28 May 1997 |
| 05-10-037                                                                  | Mine Card, Part II                                                     | 28 May 1997 |
| 05-10-041                                                                  |                                                                        |             |
| Maintaining, Employing, and Operating Modular Pack Mine System (MOPMS) and |                                                                        |             |
| Remote Control Unit (RCU)                                                  |                                                                        |             |
| 15 Jul 1999                                                                |                                                                        |             |
| 05-10-044.                                                                 | Mine Awareness (SANDI)                                                 | 1 May 1999  |
| 05-10-052                                                                  | Selectable Lightweight Attack Munition (SLAM), M4                      | 01 Feb 2003 |
| 05-11-016                                                                  | Standard/Situational Obstacle Job Aid                                  | 01 Apr 2002 |
| 06-05-001                                                                  | Multi-Purpose Protractor                                               | 01 Jun 1979 |
| 06-07-003                                                                  | Observed Fire Fan                                                      | 08 Jan 1983 |
| CJTF                                                                       | Title                                                                  | Pub Date    |
| CJTF-7                                                                     | Operation Enduring Freedom Smart Card 1, Report Procedures             | 10 Jan 2004 |
| CJTF-7                                                                     | Operation Enduring Freedom Smart Card 2, Convoy Operations (Logistics) | Jan 2004    |
| CJTF-7                                                                     | Operation Enduring Freedom Smart Card 3, Convoy Operations (Combat)    | 10 Jan 2004 |
| CJTF-7                                                                     | Operation Enduring Freedom Smart Card 4, IED and VBIED Threat          | 10 Jan 2004 |
| CJTF-7                                                                     | Operation Enduring Freedom Smart Card 5, Vehicle Search Techniques     | 5 Jan 2004  |
| CJTF-7                                                                     | Operation Enduring Freedom, IED Handbook                               | May 2004    |

## Homestation Instrumentation Training System

3-175. Instruments squad to company level training including simulation of weapon effects and preparation AARs. HITS supports collective and combined arms training exercises, mission rehearsals at home station, and deployed locations. HITS allows a company to execute three independent platoon lanes at one time, or a single company collective training event. HITS instruments both vehicles, targets and individuals. It allows the company to train at home station and sustain a higher level of proficiency between and during deployments. The HITS also serves as a leader training device. Finally, it can be useful to provide a detailed and objective AARs

## Direct Fire Tactical Engagement Simulation System

3-176. The direct-fire TESS captures data from MILES and other TESS to integrate battlefield weapon
effects. This provides a common operational picture (COP) and an integrated AAR for the commander. Other TESS features include
- Area weapons effects.
- Dismount player instrumentation.
- Vehicle player instrumentation.
- Rotary wing/army aircraft instrumentation.
- O/C Instrumentation with remote situational awareness display.
- An exercise planning module that provides the following capabilities:
 Loads the training objectives and tasks.  Develops minimum essential subsystem list using selected training objectives and tasks.
 Loads the digital exercise map data.  Selects the exercise box and begins building the exercise graphics.  Builds the exercise scenario from the master events list.
 Enters troop list data to include vehicle type and density for blue and red forces.
3-177. The direct-fire TESS is also used to develop and insert battlefield effects using the exercise control cell terminal and module. The company can insert preplanned or immediate battlefield effects such as mine fields, CBRN events, IED, vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices (VBIEDs), smoke, TRPs, artillery, mortar fire, and restricted areas to further shape the simulated battlefield.

3-178. Extensive multimedia AAR capabilities captures analog and digital battle command
communications for both two and three-dimensional presentations and training analysis supporting comprehensive take home packages. The AAR module allows the facilitator to
- Capture snap shots of the events.
- Capture audio feeds from tactical communication systems.
- Playback the entire battle or select portions of the battle.
- Insert digital photos into the AAR.
- Assess direct fire engagements by analyzing pairing lines.
- Generate reports:

Personnel and vehicle combat assessment.

Ammunition expenditures.

Trigger pulls.
- Incorporate tasks, conditions, and standards into the AAR.
- View the AAR in 2D and 3D, from all angles on the battlefield, including the Soldier's view.
- Measure effects of area weapon systems.
3-179. Based on the commander's critical information requirements (CCIR), the commander and system
operator build the unit's AAR in the planning and preparation phases of the exercise, and include the following. Fully transportable and deployable system supporting in theater mission training:
- Mission and intent slides for blue and red forces.
- The exercise tasks, conditions, and standards slides.
- Tactical CCIR slides.
- Task organization slides for blue and red forces.

## Training Equipment

3-180. Fielding strategy provides one HITS system for every 39 companies on an installation. Man and
vehicle player units can increase or decrease to reflect the installation unit mix. For example: an HBCT company HITS System will contain more vehicle player units. Each unit will have enough player units to train the entire company to include OPFOR. One IBCT Infantry company HITS consists of
- 160 BLUFOR man-player units that interface with MILES and other TESS.
- 49 OPFOR man-player units.
- 4 BLUFOR vehicle player units.
- 1 OPFOR vehicle player unit.

## Training Environment

3-181. The HITS can be used in any field training environment from squad to company. This can include STXs, LTXs, FTXs, and LFXs.

REFERENCES
- HITS Training Strategy, Army Training Support Center (ATSC).
- HITS Basis of Issue Plan, ATSC.
- HITS Operational Requirements Document, ATSC.

## Infantry Rifle Fire Simulator

3-182. The RFS (TSC device number: DVC 07-75, see Figure 3-39) simulates small arms fire, either single shot or automatic at 600 rounds per minute. The simulator consists of a tubular, gun-like structure having a combustion chamber that contains a mixture of oxygen and propane gas. The mixture is ignited by a spark plug. This results in small explosions, replicating the sound of gunfire. A minimum of 2500 shot simulations is possible on one charge of gas.

## Targetry And Simulation Device System

3-183. The TSDS (Figure 3-40) replicates battlefield visual and aural effects for individual and collective
training exercises.
- Components.
- Target OPFOR multi-purpose individual (TOMI).
- Target lifting devices (TLD).
- Hand-held control(HHC) devices.
- Radio frequency control modules (RFCM).
- Sound effects simulators (SES).
- MILES shoot-back devices (MSD).

## Target Opfor Multipurpose Individual

3-184. The TOMI target is a three-dimensional, life-like Figure representing men, women, and children:
- Adult TOMI targets are five to six feet tall, child targets are three to four feet tall.
- The targets have moveable joints and can assume standing, kneeling, sitting, and prone
positions.
- A weapon can be gripped in either hand.
- TOMI targets can be clothed and fitted with female form attachments.
- A thermal vest powered by a 12V battery causes the upper body to radiate a thermal signature
appropriate to target type and size.
- The targets are constructed of a weatherproof, fire-retardant, self-sealing material engineered to
not produce bullet ricochet or fragmentation.
- Twenty-five impacts by 5.56-mm ammunition within a 6-inch square on the target will not
degrade capabilities.
- Repairs can be made in the operational environment.

## Handheld Control Device

3-185. The handheld control device is a programmable electronic device carried by a mobile target operator that is used to send commands to control modules that interface with the other TSDS components.

## Target Lifting Device

3-186. When cued by the HHC, TLDs move life-like human figures into viewing positions. They also transmit hit count and go/no-go status back to the HHC via a RF link.

## Sound Effects Simulator

3-187. The SES provides realistic audio signatures to train individual Soldiers. The audio simulator replicates the sounds of selected vehicles, humans, and threat weapons.

## Miles Shootback Device

3-188. MSDs add further training realism by injecting the element of enemy direct small arms fire.

3-189. The TSDS supports individual and unit collective training. Leaders can use applicable FMs and TCs to plan and execute training using the simulation system to improve the training realism for target engagement techniques.

## Supporting Tadss

3-190. See TC 25-8, Training Ranges, for additional specifications and descriptions for targetry supporting ranges to include individual qualification, crew qualification, and collective training ranges.

References
- DA Pamphlet 350-9, Description of Army Training Device Training Devices for
Armywide Use.
- STP 21-24 SMCT, Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, Skill Level 2, 3, and 4.
- TC 25-8, Training Ranges.
- TC 90-1, Urban Operations.

## Joint Land Component Constructive Training Capability

3-191. Constructive training involves the use of computer models and simulations to exercise C2
functions and provide stimulation of ABCS. The JLCCTC provides commanders with a ground maneuver replication capability consisting of a tool box of integrated individual constructive simulations that also stimulates company ABCS. It can be used for individual digital training, collective and leader training, or as an exercise supporting virtual and live training exercises. The BCTC has a JLCCTC capability supporting the commander's training objectives. BCTC personnel assist the commander in achieving his training objectives and train key C2 tasks. The JLCCTC maneuver component consists of the following:

## Ground Maneuver Driver

3-192. The JLCCTC includes the joint conflict and tactical simulation (JCATS) and the One Semi-Automated Forces Objective System (OOS). These simulations can provide BLUEFOR, OPFOR, and limited multisided functionality that simulates the contemporary operating environment. The BCTC coordinates with the commander to select the best simulation model meeting his training objectives.

## C2 Interface

3-193. The C2 interface allows the maneuver driver to populate the COP on the company's ABCS. The interface can support ABCS training within a constructive environment. It can also be distributed to support live training in the maneuver and local training areas, or instrumented ranges and facilities. The JLCCTC also provides the capability to integrate a simulated video feed from a constructively replicated SUAV into the commander's COP.

## Laser Marksmanship Training System

3-194. LMTS supports preparatory and partial task training prior to EST 2000 and remedial training during and after use of the EST 2000. The LMTS supports training on all Army direct fire small arms including the M9, all variants of the M16, M4, all machine guns, and the M24 sniper rifle, with associated optical devices.

CAPABILITIES
- Individual trainer.
- Preliminary marksmanship instruction and remedial training.
- Dry fire and or blank fire modes (for recoil effects).
- Used with assigned weapon.
- Used with miniature replicated engagement target system scaled range to replicate BRM tables of fire.
- Transportable/deployable.
- Runs indoors or out, without special facility requirements, on batteries, 12/24VDC, 120/240AC.

## Limitations

3-195. The laser transmitter rod mandrel does not allow tactical training because the mandrel is not secured within the weapons' barrel. With the addition of the MP 400B or equivalent clamp mounted laser transmitter, LMTS can train advanced rifle marksmanship (ARM), reflexive firing, and urban operations training.

## Training Setup

3-196. The system comes in multiple cases and can be carried by one Soldier. It can be transported in one vehicle. Two Soldiers can setup the system in about 45 minutes. Use of the scoring station requires training for the operator.

## Training Environment

3-197. LMTS supports ST or classroom instruction of BRM, initial and sustainment training in garrison or a field environment. With the addition of the MP 400B, LMTS can also provide a force on target capability for individual and collective training. (See BRM/ARM example training strategies under EST 2000.)

## Training Components

3-198. Each Infantry battalion is issued a company set of LMTS consisting of
- An LMTS 460-2 targeting system.
- A 130-8 targeting system.
- An accessory kit including scoring station and power cables.
- A machine gun target system.
- A sniper training system.
REFERENCES
- See EST 2000 reference list.
- Appendix C, FM 3-22.9.

## Medical Tadss

3-199. Medical TADSS include the casualty simulation kit; the intravenous therapy trainer; the CPR
mannequin, the resuscitation training mannequin, and the war wound moulage set.

## Casualty Simulation Kit

3-200. The casualty simulation kit (Figure 3-41) provides materials for realistically simulating multiple combat wounds. Kit materials are used to train combat lifesaver (CLS) skills, and to condition Soldiers against shock when seeing a combat casualty's appearance. The TSC device number is DVC 08-14. The kit has 100 stick-on wound moulages and a variety of makeup material to replicate the effects of the wound. Effects include frothing at the mouth, loss of stomach content, shock, perspiration, bruises, and contusions. The instructor's guide for the casualty simulation kit provides illustrations on the proper use of the kit.

## Intravenous Therapy Trainer

3-201.  The intravenous therapy trainer (Figure 3-42) consists of a life-sized plastic arm and hand, with two simulated vein sites in the antecubital area (inner or front surface of the forearm) and dorsum (upper surface) of the hand. Designed for injecting and withdrawing fluids, it has a normal range of wrist and elbow motion to simulate a right or left arm that allows for application of tourniquets and arm boards. The device is provided with a carrying case. The TSC device number is DVC 08-05. This trainer supports classroom instruction or ST training for CLS skills.

## Mannequin, Head And Torso, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training

3-202. The CPR mannequin (Figure 3-43) is a natural looking, adult-sized upper torso mannequin that models a realistic human blood circulation system. This demonstrates and trains both artificial ventilation and external cardiac compressions. The device is portable and can be for indoor and outdoor demonstrations. It can be used in medical classes and basic first aid instructions. The TSC device number is DVC 08-16. For artificial ventilation (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation), Soldiers apply intermittent positive pressure to inflate and deflate the lungs. For the external cardiac compression mode, the device shows the heart compressed between the sternum and the spine, and the exchange of blood in the circulation tubes.

## Resuscitation Training Mannequin

3-203. The resuscitation training mannequin (Figure 3-44) provides realistic practice in mouth-to-mouth,
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, bleeding control, leg splints, and traction. This training device supports training first aid and medical tasks in the SMCT. The TSC device number is DVC 08-15. The device
replicates an adult, non-inflatable body that replicates heart-lung resuscitation, visual indicating device, air vent, broken femur, dilated pupil, and penetrating arm wounds. The torso is separable at the waist and has a removable head. The device simulates breastbone reaction and carotid pulse pressure of an unconscious person. The resuscitation training mannequin contains face mask pieces, outer garments, and two carrying
bags. Accessories furnished for sterilization include
- Stand for head.
- Tubing with nipple.
- Syringe.
- Sterilizing solution.
- Measuring glass.
- Funnel.

## War Wound Moulage Set

3-204. The war wound moulage set (Figure 3-45) is an enhancement to the casualty simulation kit that supports training first aid treatment of combat type casualties. It also assists in the development of first aid skills. The TSC device number is DVC 08-04.

Capabilities
- Has a set of vinyl plastic models or moulages that simulate wounds.
- Is life sized. Surface relief reveals bone structure and flesh. It is finished in colors simulating
real human skin, bone, and flesh.
- Is strappable onto a Soldier acting as a casualty during an FTX or first aid lesson.
- Comes with a pump and blood reservoir, plus five packages of powder to make five gallons of
simulated blood.
3-205. Training with the device helps remove the shock at the first sight of a severe wound and develops
skills in identifying and treating wounds. During training, the subject wearing the moulage can manually operate a pump and reservoir which causes simulated blood to flow through veins and arteries built into
the moulage. The flow may be either pulsating or steady. The war wound kit trains the following casualty types:
- Amputation of leg.
- Compound fracture of femur.
- Compound fracture of humerus.
- Compound fracture of lower leg.
- Gunshot wound of hand (palm).
- Laceration of the forehead (scalp).
- Shrapnel wound of the abdominal wall with protruding intestines.
- Shrapnel wound on the lower jaw, with partial loss of jaw.
- Atomic burn on back.
- Atomic burn on chest.
- Atomic burn on face.
- Atomic burn on hand (palm and dorsal area).
- Face in shock.
- Frostbite of foot.
- Phosphorous burn on the hand.
- Second and third degree burns on the forearm.
- Trench foot.
- Hypodermic needle insertion technique moulage.
- Sucking chest wound.
Supporting TADSS GTAs
- 08-01-004, MEDEVAC Request Form.
- 08-07-001, Combat Stress Control.
- 21-03-004, Battle Fatigue, Normal Common Signs, What to Do For Self and Buddy Aid.
- 21-03-005, Battle Fatigue.
- 21-03-006, Battle Fatigue, Company Leader Actions and Prevention.
References
- STP 21-1-SMCT, Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, Skill Level 1.
- STP 21-24 SMCT, Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, Skill Levels 2, 3, and 4.

## Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System

3-206. Making up a family of training systems, MILES simulates the effects of direct-fire weapons at their operational ranges. The systems operate in a fully integrated tactical training environments. MILES provides the capability for force-on-force and force on target tactical engagements and realistic casualty assessments. MILES actually includes basic MILES, MILES with Simulated Area Weapons Effects (SAWE) II, and MILES Replacement. MILES Replacement (formerly known as MILES 2000 and MILES XXI) has laser transmitters that allow ground troops to fire coded invisible laser pulses instead of live ammunition. Receiving detectors located on opposing troops and vehicles pick up the laser pulses, activate aural and visual signs of a kill, hit, or near miss as well as disable the Soldier's or vehicle's weapons. The hit and kill probabilities simulate live ammunition effects. Miles TSC device numbers are shown in Table 3-9.

Nomenclature
Legacy MILES Device Number
MILES 2000 Device Number
M16A1/2/4, M4 Kit
DVC 07-56/1, 99-84
DVC 23-22
M249 SAW Kit
DVC 07-56/14
DVC 23-22
M60 MG Kit
DVC 07-56/2
DVC 23-24
M240B MG Kit
DVC 99-76
DVC 23-25
AT4 Kit
DVC 07-56
DVC 23-27
ITS/WITS

DVC 23-52
CD/TDTD

DVC 23-53
ASAAF

DVC 23-58
LTID
DVC 17-146


3-207. Supports any training scenario (individual, leader, or collective) using blank ammunition. Provides
individual casualty killed and wounded assessments. Casualty assessment for a mobile weapon system includes catastrophic, mobility, firepower, and communication kill. AAR capability includes
- Ability to conduct AARs based on objective information.
- Comprehensive data collection with sorting capability.
- Archives data from many exercises.
- Allows modification of the configuration of MILES equipment.
- Allows modification of Ability to modify the probability of hit and kill for new weapons and
configurations.
Limitations
- Requires blank ammunition, Antitank Weapon Effects Simulation System (ATWESS), direct
and indirect fire cueing device, blank firing adapters (BFA), batteries, OPFOR, or MILES receptive targetry.
- Allows only line-of-sight engagements for indirect fire weapons. MILES cannot simulate effects
of indirect fire munitions limiting the realistic effects of mortars and artillery. Indirect fires are currently simulated only through facility instrumentation systems.
- Does not simulate the M203 GL or hand grenades.

## Small Arms Transmitter

3-208. The SAT (Figure 3-46) provides MILES capability for M16-series, M4, M249, M240B, and M60
rifles and machine guns.

## Configuration

3-209. It is a laser transmitter that attaches to the weapon, usually to the barrel, with a weapon-specific adapter. The SAT aligns to the weapon sights using the automatic small arms alignment fixture (ASAAF) or an off-set aiming light. The Soldier need not zero or adjust his weapon prior to training. The SAT will not interfere with optical sights or night vision devices.

Capabilities
- Retains alignment until transmitter is removed.
- Automatically disables itself if Soldier is "killed."
- Requires both flash and bang to trigger laser.
- Indicates weapon firing by visible LED.
- Embeds player identification code in LASER signal.

## Individual Weapon System

3-210. The IWS provides the detectors and electronics necessary to receive the MILES LASER messages, process and display the results, and store and download them for use in AARs. The system consists of two parts, the torso unit, (Figure 3-47), and the helmet unit (Figure 3-48).

## Configuration

3-211. The MILES torso unit is configured three ways.
- As an 'H" harness that can overlay any equipment the participant wears.
- As an integrated package where all MILES components are mounted in an actual modified
tactical vest.
- As part of a Combat Training Center Instrumentation System or HITS, where the data link and
GPS receiver is mounted with the MILES components.
Capabilities
- Lethality assessments, including NEAR MISS, HIT-NOT KILLED, AND KILLED.
- Audible alerts.
- Catastrophic or cheat killone continuous tone until SAT is disabled.
- Hit or near misstwo tones.
- Selectable probability of kill (PK) tables for unprotected individual(s) wearing body armor.
- Player ID reprogrammability.


## Antitank Weapon Simulators

3-212. Antitank weapon simulators (Figure 3-49 shows the one for the AT4) replicate the weight, feel, and operating procedures of the actual weapons. Tanks and other targets can be killed out to the weapon's maximum effective range.

## Configuration

3-213. The simulated weapon launcher tube contains the control electronics and a laser transmitter aligned to the weapon sights. Firing realism is enhanced by the flash and smoke produced by the ATWESS. Data communication between the surrogate and torso harness couples the shooter's ID to the transmitted kill code and records firing events for the AAR.

Capabilities
- Size, weight, balance and operation closely replicate real weapons.
- Fires standard M22 ATWESS cartridges to simulate the signature of a round firing.
- Prevents a "killed" player from firing a weapon.
- Displays rounds remaining (LED), BIT results, and low battery.

## Automatic Small Arms Alignment Fixture

3-214. The ASAAF (Figure 3-50) automatically aligns the SAT laser beams to the sights of small arm weapons and machine guns and works with optical sights and night vision devices. No blank ammunition is required during the alignment process. Size and portability provide an alignment capability at any location, including inside a room. The ASAAF consists of an alignment head and a display unit. Capabilities

Capabilities
- Aligns laser to weapon sights within 3-5 min.
- Is dry fire capable.

## Independent Target System And Wireless Independent Target System

3-215. The ITS and WITS (Figure 3-51 and Figure 3-52) support noncombat vehicles and targets such as bridges and bunkers.

## Configuration

3-216. It uses a high-fidelity detection system that assesses casualties in real time. Components are designed for rapid attachment. If the devices report hit or destroyed, they cue participants with a flashing strobe light.

Capabilities
- Supports
 Kill.  Near miss.  Hit, not killed.  Mobility kill.
- Has selectable probability of kill tables with vulnerabilities of 32 vehicles and structures.
- Detects and logs cheating as an event.
- Has a standard detector array that fits all vehicles.

## Controller Device/Training Data Transfer Device

3-217. The CD/TDTD (Figure 3-53) supports the observer/controller's (O/C) interactions with MILES
including resetting or resurrecting players, downloading event data, synchronizing player time, and uploading new or revised system configurations and PK tables.

## Configuration

3-218. The CD/TDTD is also used to load and configure surrogate weapons, making reloading realistic and easy. Event data downloaded from players is transferred to the MILES After-Action Review System (MAARS) for analysis and report generation.

Capabilities
- Interfaces with all MILES system components and MAARS.
- Performs at the following ranges:

500 meters: Universal Kill, Mankill, Reset, Resurrect, and Near Miss.

100 meters: time synchronize internal clock.

100 meters: transmit MILES code; selects kill probability table.

20 meters: decode MILES code.
- Downloads and stores data for a typical exercise for 100 or more players.
- Transmits any player ID and weapon code.
- Reassigns player IDs.
- Automatically allows player ID to be assigned for friendly and opposing forces.

## Universal Controller Device

3-219. The MILES universal controller device (Figure 3-54) supports player/equipment preparation for
force-on-force and force-on-target training exercises, plus player training on MILES systems. It
transmits
- A universal kill code to ITS/WITS, crew-served weapon system, and IWS unit up to 500 meters. - Near miss code up to 500 meters.
- Reset code.
- Resurrection code up to 500 meters.
- Synchronization signal up to 100 meters.
- Administrative functions.

## Micro Controller Device

3-220. The MCD (Figure 3-55) augments the CD/TDTD and universal controller device in supporting player and equipment preparation for force-on-force or force on target training exercises, MILES player training, and referee control.

## Configuration

3-221. The MCD interfaces with all MILES systems (Basic MILES - MILES Replacement).

Capabilities
- Transmits universal kill code up to five meters.
- Transmits reset code up to five meters.
- Transmits resurrection code up to five meters.
- Transmits near miss sequence up to five meters.

## Miles After-Action Review System

3-222. MAARS (Figure 3-56) captures data for use in AARs and modifies MILES systems' configuration data to meet commanders' needs.

## Configuration

3-223. The modified configuration data is uploaded to the MILES systems through the CD/TDTD. The AAR system allows commanders to process, format, and view engagement data after the exercise is complete. The exercise data can be archived for future use.

3-224. Programs the CD/TDTD to
- Customize probability of kill (PK) data for vehicle, target, man-worn, or dismounted TOWs.
- Customize default ammunition loads, ammunition types, and MILES codes fired.
- Download event data from vehicles, targets, man-worn, or dismounted TOWs.
- Download event records:

Fratricide incidents.

Lethality assessment events.

Firing events.

Cheat events.

Administrative events.

Custom configuration data.
- Perform prescribed database maintenance operations:

Delete, archive, or restore event data sets.

Export events associated with a specific exercise to an alternate file format (Excel), allowing the user to further process reported data.

## Laser Target Interface Device

3-225. LTID interfaces existing live-fire tank and man target mechanisms with standard MILES
transmitters enabling transmitters to knock down targets. LTID provides realistic marksmanship training without the high cost of ammunition and target repair or replacement encountered in live-fire training programs. It consists of a detection assembly, an electronic assembly, and a shock generator mechanism . The detection assembly simulates target vulnerability using six detectors fastened with Velcro to the target.

The electronic assembly contains the detector amplifier, decoder, shock generator mechanism activation electronics, and two standard 6-volt batteries. The shock generator mechanism lowers the target lift mechanism when a "hit" is decoded.

3-226. The device supports ST training and collective force on target training from squad to company.

## Supporting Tadss

3-227. GTA 08-11-014, MILES Casualty Cards.

## Opposing Force Tadss

3-228. This section discusses the AK-47 assault rifle replica, the PM50 pistol replica, the POMZ-2
antipersonnel mine, the RG-42 antipersonnel grenade, the RGD-5 antipersonnel grenade, the RKD-3 antitank grenade, the RPK squad machine gun, the SA-7 Guided Antiaircraft Missile System (Grail), and the suitcase sagger.

## Ak-47 Assault Rifle Replica

3-229. The AK-47 replica (Figure 3-57) is a full scale, three-dimensional static plastic replica of the weapon. The weapon replica can be used for classroom and field recognition instruction, and can be carried during tactical exercises to add realism to the portrayal of opposing force troops. The TSC device number is DVC T-30-06.

## Pm50 Pistol Replica

3-230. The PM50 (Figure 3-58) is a full scale, three-dimensional static plastic replica of the pistol. The weapon replica can be used for classroom or field recognition instruction, and can be carried during tactical exercises to add realism to the portrayal of opposing force troops. The TSC device number is DVC T-30-08.

## Pomz-2 Antipersonnel Mine

3-231. The POMZ-2 (Figure 3-59) is a full scale, three-dimensional static plastic replica of the antipersonnel mine. The weapon replica can be used for classroom or field recognition instruction, and can be carried during tactical exercises to add realism to the portrayal of opposing force troops. The TSC
device number is DVC 30-09.

## Rg-42 Antipersonnel Grenade

3-232. The RG-42 (Figure 3-60) is a three dimensional static plastic replica of the anti-personnel grenade.

The replica can be used for classroom or field recognition instruction, and can be carried during tactical exercises to add realism to the portrayal of opposing force troops. The TSC device number is DVC T-30-10.

## Rgd-5 Antipersonnel Grenade

3-233. The RGD-5 (Figure 3-61) is a full scale, three-dimensional static plastic replica of the antipersonnel grenade. The replica is used for classroom, field recognition instruction, or it can be carried during tactical exercises to add realism to the portrayal of opposing force troops. The TSC device number is DVC T-30-11.

## Rkd-3 Antitank Grenade

3-234. The RKD-3 (Figure 3-62) is a full-scale three-dimensional static plastic replica of the antitank grenade. The replica is used for classroom, field recognition instruction, or it can be carried during tactical exercises to add realism to the portrayal of opposing force troops. The TSC device number is DVC
T-30-12.

## Rpg-7 Antitank Grenade Launcher With Round

3-235. The RPG-7 (Figure 3-63) is a full scale three-dimensional replica of the RPG-7 antitank grenade launcher. Designed to enhance the realism of opposing force simulation during tactical training that can also be used for classroom or field instruction on foreign nation weapons. It duplicates the size and physical appearance of the actual RPG-7, facilitating instruction on its components and characteristics. A
removable model of the 85-mm round with collapsible fins is mounted in the launcher assembly. The TSC device number is DVC T-30-05.

## Rpk Squad Machine Gun

3-236. The RPK (Figure 3-64) is a full scale, three-dimensional static plastic replica of the RPK squad machine gun. The replica is used for classroom or field recognition instruction, and can be carried during tactical exercises to add realism to the portrayal of opposing force troops. The TSC device number is DVC T-30-07.

## Sa-7 Guided Antiaircraft Missile System (Grail)

3-237. THE SA-7 (Figure 3-65) is a full scale, three-dimensional plastic and metal replica of the SA-7
GRAIL, consisting of the launcher and removable missile. The GRAIL is used during classroom and field instruction to emphasize the lethality of foreign nation antiaircraft capabilities. It is also used by the opposing forces during tactical exercises to enhance realism and introduce an antiaircraft dimension to field intelligence play. The TSC device number is DVC T-30-14.

## Suitcase Sagger

3-238. The suitcase sagger (Figure 3-66) is a full scale, three dimensional plastic facsimile of the man-portable sagger antitank guided missile with fire-control mechanism. The missile is collapsible and is carried in the suitcase, which also serves as a platform for the launch rail. The replica is used for classroom and field recognition training to emphasize the lethality, characteristics, and employment of primary foreign nation antitank weapon systems on the modern battlefield. It is also used during tactical training to simulate the employment of antiarmor systems by the OPFOR and to enhance intelligence play. The TSC device number is DVC T-30-04.

## Svd Sniper Rifle

3-239. The SVD (Figure 3-67) is a full scale, three dimensional plastic replica of the sniper rifle. The weapon replica is used for classroom and field recognition training to emphasize the lethality, characteristics, and employment of foreign nation small arms. The TSC device number is DVC T-30-18.

## Recognition Of Combat Vehicles

3-240. ROC-V trains Soldiers to identify the thermal signatures of combat vehicles through interactive curriculum that teaches the unique patterns and shapes of vehicle "hotspots," and overall vehicle shapes.

ROC-V also provides Soldiers with practical experience in the use of thermal sensor image controls.

Through the use of virtual sight controls, Soldiers learn to effectively adjust thermal optical images to identify target identification cues.

3-241. The trainer includes on-board training/testing for the SMCT, Skill Level 1, for visual vehicle identification. ROC-V is a downloadable product. It is available at https://rocv.army.mil/rocv/.

3-242. Vehicles in current version:
- 2S1 self-propelled howitzer.
- 2S3 self-propelled howitzer.
- 2.5-ton cargo truck.
- 5-ton cargo truck.
- Armored command and reconnaissance vehicle (ACRV).
- AS90 self-propelled gun.
- BMP-1 Infantry fighting vehicle.
- BMP-2 Infantry fighting vehicle.
- BRDM-2 sagger wheeled reconnaissance vehicle.
- BTR-70 armored personnel carrier.
- BTR-80 armored personnel carrier.
- Challenger I main battle tank.
- FMTV medium truck.
- FV432 armored personnel carrier.
- GAZ-66 truck.
- HEMTT 10-ton truck.
- HMMWV M1038.
- HMMWV scout.
- HMMWV TOW.
- LAV-AT light armored vehicleantitank.
- LAV self-propelled mortar.
- LAV-25 light armored vehicle.
- Leopard II main battle tank.
- Lurch wheeled reconnaissance vehicle.
- M1A1 main battle tank.
- M1A1 main battle tank (with CIPs).
- M109 self-propelled howitzer.
- M113 armored personnel carrier (with or without CIPs).
- M2/M3 Bradley fighting vehicle (with or without CIPs).
- M548 United defense tracked cargo carrier.
- M551 Sheridan light tank/reconnaissance vehicle.
- M577 light armored recovery vehicle.
- M60A3 main battle tank.
- M728 combat engineer vehicle.
- M88 Armored recovery vehicle.
- M93 Fox Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Reconnaissance System (with or without CIPs).
- Marder armored personnel carrier.
- MTLB multipurpose tracked vehicle.
- SPLAV-300 SMERCH Multiple Rocket System.
- Stryker self-propelled antitank guided weapon vehicle.
- T-55 main battle tank.
- T-62 main battle tank.
- T-72 main battle tank (with or without reactive armor).
- Warrior Infantry fighting vehicle.
- ZIL-131 4,500 kg truck.
- ZSU-23/4 air defense artillery.

## Small Arms Flash-Noise Gunfire Simulator

3-243. The small arms flash-noise gunfire simulator (Figure 3-68) simulates rifle or machine gun noise and flash for collective training. It consists of a gun simulator, a carrying case, and an AC-DC power converter. It may be fired manually or remotely in single shots or bursts. Several devices may be operated simultaneously by locating remote trigger switches at a central location. The TSC device number is DVC 07-22D.

## Targetry

3-244. Table 3-8 shows common Infantry system supported targetry. Ashley visual modification targets are available at TSC and support all systems. Precision Infantry targets are covered in TC 90-1 and also support all systems. All other targets are shown in Table 3-10 and are covered in TC 25-8.

| Target Description                                           | System-Supported Reference    |
|--------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|
| Ashley targets                                               | TSC                           |
| Precision Infantry targets                                   | TC 90-1                       |
| 15-meter qualification zero target                           | M16/M4                        |
| 175 -meter feedback target                                   | M16/M4                        |
| 25-meter scaled silhouette slow-fire target                  | M16/M4                        |
| 25-meter scaled silhouette timed-fire target                 | M16/M4                        |
| 25-meter zeroing target                                      | M16/M4                        |
| 3D personnel target                                          | All                           |
| 50-foot indoor rifle target                                  | All                           |
| 50-foot pistol target                                        | M9                            |
| 50-foot slow-fire pistol bull's-eye paper target             | M9                            |
| 50-foot timed and rapid-fire pistol bull's-eye paper target  | M9                            |
| 75-meter feedback target                                     | M16/M4                        |
| Army rifle target A, 200 to 300 yards                        | M16/M4                        |
| Army rifle target B, 600 yards                               | M16/M4/M24/M107               |
| Army rifle target C, 1,000 yards                             | M24/M107                      |
| Basic machine gun target                                     | M240/M249/M60                 |
| BMD flank target                                             | All                           |
| BMD front target                                             | All                           |
| BMP 1981 flank target                                        | All                           |
| BMP 1981 front target                                        | All                           |
| Boresight and zero target for the cupola-mounted machine gun | M249/M240/M60                 |
| BRDM flank target                                            | All                           |
| BRDM front target                                            | All                           |
| BTR series front target                                      | All                           |
| Double E-type silhouette                                     | All                           |
| Dummy silhouette                                             | Bayonet - All                 |
| E-type silhouette                                            | All                           |
| F-type silhouette                                            | All                           |
| HIND front target                                            | All                           |
| Human urban targets                                          | All                           |
| Moving armor target                                          | Antiarmor                     |
| Moving Infantry target                                       | All                           |
| Small area target                                            | All                           |
| Stationary armor target                                      | Antiarmor                     |
| Stationary Infantry target                                   | All                           |
| T-72 flank target                                            | All                           |
| T-72 front target                                            | All                           |
| T-72 partial defilade target                                 | All                           |
| T-72 turret target                                           | All                           |
| Target for zeroing exercises                                 | All                           |
| Truck U-375 flank target                                     | All                           |
| Truck U-375 front target                                     | All                           |
| ZSU-23/4 flank target                                        | All                           |
| ZSU-23/4 front target                                        | All                           |

## Ashley Targets

3-245. Ashley targets (Figure 3-69) provide visual modification (VISMOD) to E-and F-type silhouettes in support of individual, leader, and collective training. Ashley VISMODs include replication of combatant (friendly and enemy representations) and non-combatants (women and children). Targets consist of a plastic sleeves that fit over the target silhouettes. Ashley targets are available from local TSCs. Leaders use them with E-and F-type silhouettes to train target identification and discrimination. TSC VISMOD device numbers follow:
- Friendly: DVC T-07-104-3.

- Enemy: DVC T-07-104-4.

## Human Urban Targets

3-246. HUTs (Figure 3-70) are precision human target systems required for supporting short distance engagements at ranges of 50 meters or less, in UO training facilities. HUTs train target discrimination by presenting life-size, three-dimensional precision targets that replicate combatant and noncombatant targets.

Precision hit sensors respond only to lethal shot placement.

3-247. HUTs can easily be emplaced manually in any urban facility. When placed, the target has immediate access to the range operations center for exercise control and data collection. All targets are remote controlled by the range operations center. Targets are reconfigurable to replicate men, women, children, combatants, non-combatants. Each target replicates an accurate thermal signature. Targets have three dimensional representation and can be engaged from any direction. They fall down when hit in the lethal zone. The targets torso measures 8 x 18 inches. Neck and head measure 4 x 8 inches. Targets react to tactical engagement systems like MILES. Urban facilities may contain both HUTs and precision interior targets (PIT). PITs incorporate an E-type silhouette with VISMOD (Ashley target sleeves) devices to replicate combatants and noncombatants.

3-248. See TC 90-1 for specific guidance on training in urban facilities and proper use and setup of urban targets.

## Location Of Miss And Hit

3-249. LOMAH (Figure 3-71) provides target instrumentation in support of marksmanship training.

LOMAH consists of target sensors, miss and hit displays located at firing points, and centralized control within the range control tower.
3-250. LOMAH provides accurate feedback on rifle ranges to increase Soldier confidence in the use of their weapon system. LOMAH is best used as an advanced learning tool to improve Soldiers' basic skills such as target acquisition and aiming point. Using LOMAH on the automated field fire and modified record fire increases the Soldier's skill to engage and destroy targets before qualification.

3-251. Currently LOMAH ranges are being used for BRM period 06 (downrange feedback), BRM 07
(single timed targets), and BRM 08 (multiple timed targets). Grouping and zeroing can be accessed at any time to allow individual Soldiers to adjust weapon sights. (See FM 3-22.9 for further guidance on implementing LOMAH technology. Leaders see DA PAM 350-9 for additional technical information on device power and terrain/resource requirements.)
3-252. Leaders use applicable FMs and TCs to incorporate RETS into individual, leader, and collective training environments. To support training, the system offers computer-driven, programmed tactical scenarios. It can also operate in manual mode with group or individual targets raised on command.

3-253. LOMAH provides the following capabilities in support of training:
- Immediate feedback to trainee on firing point display.
- Instructors can identify and correct trainee problems immediately.
- Printer score cards provide each shooter with a shot-by-shot performance record.
- Lanes can be operated by a central control computer or individually at the firing point.

## Remote Target System

3-254. RETS supports individual and crew marksmanship, gunnery, and collective/combined arms training. RETS consists of stationary, moving Infantry, and armor targets. The targets are a part of an integrated system which allows automatic, manual, centralized, or decentralized control. Targets detect and accumulate hit data to provide a record for evaluation. In addition, RETS includes realistic battle effects such as night muzzle flash, hostile fire, and armor target kills.

## Infantry Target Mechanism

3-255. The ITM (Figure 3-72) target mechanism raises and lowers targets on electronic commands from
the Range Control Station (RCS). The target mechanism contains a hit sensor which detects and transmits hit information to the RCS. TSC device numbers are
- ITM device number: DVC 07-73.
- RCS device number: DVC 11-51.

## Infantry Moving Target Carrier

3-256. The IMTC (Figure 3-73) simulates a person running from one concealed position to another. It
carries an ITM and is electronically controlled from the RCS. The device moves forward or backward in either up or down position at one of three speeds: 1.8.2 meters per second, 2.7.2 meters per second, or 3.7 plus or minus 0.2 meters per second. Speed is preset at the device, not remotely controlled. TSC device
numbers follow:
- IMTC device number: DVC 07-74.
- RSC device number: DVC 11-51.
- ITM device number: DVC 07-73.

## Training Improvised Explosive Device

3-257. The TIED (Figure 3-74) kit includes devices that simulate visual and aural aspects of enemy IEDs.

The TIED provides Soldiers the tools to train recognition and reaction to IEDs. The TSC device number is DVC 05-07.

## Configurations

3-258. The TIED is used in two configurations; pyrotechnic and nonpyrotechnic. The *pyrotechnic*
configuration is for outdoor use in convoy training. The *nonpyrotechnic* configuration trains scenarios where pyrotechnics are unsafe. The TIED can be effectively jammed when in the wireless configuration.

3-259. Soldiers should allow 10 to 30 minutes to set up the training aid, depending on the training
objective and on the complexity of the IED being replicated. The complete kit weighs about 78 pounds. The TIED kit contains
- 155-mm round.
- Mortar round.
- Close-quarter speaker.
- Strobe light.
- Wire detonator.
- RC detonator.
- Distribution/battery box.
- Motion sensor.
- Case.
- M70 Pyrotechnics.

## Use With Tadss

3-260. The following TADSS could be used with TIED to increase the realism of training:
- DVC-T 09-89, 81-mm Mortar, Illumination.
- DVC-T 09-59/2, 120-mm Mortar, S-843, USSR.
- DVC-T 09-59/1, 81-mm Mortar, M66, YUGO.
- DVC-T 09-63/4, 130-mm PROJO, OF-482, USSR.
- DVC-T 09-63/3, 122-mm PROJO, D462, USSR.
- DVC-T 09-62/5, 100-mm PROJO, Armor Piercing, PSV.
TASKS TRAINED
- Identify possible IED.
- React to and report a possible IED.
- React to IED/mine strike.
- React to unexploded ordnance hazards.
- React and identify unexploded ordnance (UXO) and IED.
- Mobility, countermobility, and survivability.

## Interface

3-261. The TIED provides training opportunity for leaders and Soldiers on IEDs. The pyrotechnic
configuration allows for convoy training, and the nonpyrotechnic configuration is intended to train Soldiers in scenarios where pyrotechnics would not be safe. It interfaces with the following devices:
- MILES transmitter.
- Main Gun Simulation System (MGSS) device.
- ATWESS device.

## Supporting Tadss

3-262. The following supporting TADSS include coalition JTF GTAs, other GTAs, and two IED aids.
- CJTF-7 Operation Enduring Freedom Smart Card 4, IED and VBIED Threat.
- CJTF-7 Operation Enduring Freedom, IED Handbook.
- GTA 90-01-001, IED and VBIED Smart Card.
- GTA 05-10-044, Mine Awareness (SANDI).
- GTA 09-12-001, Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Procedures.
- Multinational Corps IED Smart Cards.
- TV 5-159, IED Awareness Guide.
REFERENCES
- TC 9-21-01, Soldier's IED Awareness Guide, Iraq and Afghanistan Theaters of Operation.
- TSP 05-21B10D02D, Detect Explosive Hazard Indicators by Visual Means. - Training Support Package 093-401-5050, *React to Possible IED*.

## Virtual Combat Convoy Trainer

3-263. The VCCT (Figure 3-75) is designed to improve Soldiers' ability to identity and react to threats in an asymmetrical combat environment. The VCCT provides convoy training for vehicle operators, occupants, and commanders. It requires Soldiers to coordinate actions on a single vehicle, between multiple vehicles, and with higher headquarters. This trainer incorporates precision weapons effects and limited driving skills for several vehicle types.

CAPABILITIES
- Collective training for platoon and below.
- Development and validation of convoy SOP/TTP.
- Implementation of ROE.
- Identification of threats in the COE.
- Integration with CCTT for combined arms training.
- Training of crew basic and advanced engagement techniques (stationary and moving) for
ring-mounted weapon system operators and vehicle commanders.
- Crew basic convoy driving skills for maintaining vehicle speed and control during engagements.
- Collective (multiple HMMWV crews) convoy operations, convoy movement, scanning sectors
of fire, and engagement of targets.
- Convoy defense battle drills.
- Mounted patrolling techniques.
- React to an attack from armed personnel and vehicles.
- React to forced convoy stop due to breakdown or ambush. - Detect and respond to IEDs.
- Respond to IED detonation.
LIMITATIONS
- Simulator's FOV (180 degrees) is limited to the number of screens and projectors.
- Simulated tethered weapons limit range of movement for dismounted operations to 6 feet from
vehicle.

## Footprint

3-264. Each suite consists of four mobile systems consisting of a full size HMMWV vehicle mockup,
including
- Basic driver controls, simulated radio, and battle command systems.
- Crew-served weapon ring mount.
- Modified weapons with simulated recoil.
- Four M16 rifles (16 total).
- One crew-served weapon (1-M240, 1-M2, 3 -M2 Mockups).
REFERENCES
- CALL No. 04-27: Convoy Leader Training Handbook.
- CALL No. 03-06: Tactical Convoy Operations.
- Training Support Package 55-Z-0001-EX, Convoy Live Fire Exercise, Version 1.1.
- Training Support Package 071-T-1003, Secure a Route, IMI.
NOTE: The close combat tactical trainer's (CCTT's) reconfigurable vehicle simulator (RVS)
is currently being fielded to CCTT fixed site locations. The RVS, where available, provides the same capabilities as the VCCT.

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## Appendix A Rifle Company Task-To-Tadss Matrix

The rifle company matrixes in this appendix are based on the CATS. Table A-1 provides tasks from the IBCT CATS, and Table A-2 provides tasks from the functional CATS, SOSO, and UO. Across the top of each matrix are the tasks and supporting events taken from the respective CATS. Down the left are current and emerging TADSS for a rifle company.

RIFLE COMPANY
Conduct Company
Operations
Events: CL, STX, FTX,
Prepare for Operations
Event: ST, DEPEX, TEWT
Events: STX, TEWT
Events: STX, TEWT
TASK SELECTIONS FROM IBCT, CATS
EST 2000
CL, STX
ST,
DEPEX

STX

STX


GUARDFIST/CFFT
CL


HITS
STX
FTX
CALFEX

STX
STX
STX
STX
COMEX
STX
Javelin BST
CL


STX
STX
STX
STX


Javelin FTT
CL
STX
FTX
CALFEX

STX
STX
STX
STX


Javelin MSR
CL
STX
FTX
CALFEX
JLCCTC
TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX
ST
COMEX
STX
ST
TEWT
DEPEX
CL
STX
FTX
CALFEX
L-CCATS
CL
STX
FTX

STX
STX
STX
STX


LMTS
CL
ST
DEPEX


M136 AT4 FHT
CL
STX
FTX

STX
STX
M141 BDM FHT
CL
STX
FTX

STX
STX
STX
STX

STX
STX
STX
STX

M18 Inert Claymore Mine
CL
STX
FTX
CALFEX

STX
STX

STX


M21 Antitank Practice Mine
CL
STX
FTX
CALFEX
M287 AT4 Subcaliber Trainer
CALFEX


STX
STX
STX
STX


M320 SLAM Trainer
CL
STX
FTX
CALFEX
Medical TADSS*
CL
ST
DEPEX
STX
STX


STX
MILES
STX
FTX
CALFEX

STX
STX
STX
STX

STX
ST
STX
STX

STX


CBRN TADSS*
CL
STX
FTX
CALFEX
ST
DEPEX
STX
STX
STX
STX


NGATS
STX
FTX
CALFEX
NLCS*

ST
STX
STX

STX

STX
OneTESS
STX
FTX
CALFEX

STX
STX
STX
STX
COMEX
STX
OPFOR TADSS*
STX
FTX
CALFEX

STX
STX
STX
STX

STX
ROC-V
CL


STX
STX
STX
STX


Spider Trainer
CL
STX
FTX
CALFEX
FTX CALFEX FTX CALFEX
CCTT
ST
TEWT
STX


ST
TEWT
STX

ST
TEWT
STX


CFFT
ST


ST


CCMCK*
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
STX

STX
COTS Simulations*
ST
TEWT
STX


ST
TEWT
EST 2000
ST
STX


ST
STX
ST
STX
ST


ST
GUARDFIST/CFFT
ST


ST


HITS
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
LFX
STX
STX
STX
Javelin BST
ST


ST
ST
ST
ST


ST
TEWT
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
ST
TEWT
STX


TASK SELECTIONS FROM FUNCTIONAL CATS, SOSO, AND UO
Javelin FTT
ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
Javelin MSR
ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
JLCCTC
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
FTX
L-CCATS
ST
STX

STX
STX
ST
STX
FTX
M136 AT4 FHT
ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
M141 BDM FHT
ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
M18 Inert Claymore Mine
ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
M190 LAW Subcaliber Trainer


LFX


M21 Antitank Practice Mine
ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
M287 AT4 Subcaliber Trainer


LFX


M320 SLAM Trainer
ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
Medical TADSS*
ST
STX
FTX

ST
STX

ST
STX
FTX
MILES
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
LFX
STX
STX
STX
CBRN TADSS*


STX


NGATS
STX
FTX

STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
LFX
STX

STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
NLCS*
ST
STX
FTX
ST
STX


ST
STX
LFX
ST
STX
FTX
ST
STX


ST
STX
FTX
ST
STX
LFX
ST
TEWT
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
FTX
ST
TEWT
STX
LFX
ST
STX
ST
STX

ST
STX
ST
STX
STX


ST
STX
FTX
ST
STX
FTX
ST
STX
LFX
STX


ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX


ST
STX
FTX

ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
OneTESS
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
LFX
STX
STX
STX
OPFOR TADSS*
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
LFX
STX
STX
STX
Spider Trainer
ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
ST
STX
FTX


Targetry*
STX
FTX

STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
LFX
STX


TIED
ST
STX
FTX

STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
FTX
ST
STX
LFX
ST
TEWT
STX

STX
Training Unique Ammunition*
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
LFX
STX
STX
STX
VCCT
ST
TEWT
STX


ST
TEWT
STX

ST
TEWT
STX

This page intentionally left blank.

The rifle platoon matrix in this appendix, Table B-1, is based on the CATS. It provides tasks from the IBCT CATS, functional CATS, SOSO, and UO. Across the top of each matrix are the tasks and supporting events taken from the respective CATS. Down the left are current and emerging TADSS for an IBCT rifle platoon.

CCTT
STX

STX

ST
STX
ST
CFFT
CL

ST
ST


CL ST

CL ST

ST
CL ST
CL ST

CCMCK*
STX

STX
STX
STX

STX
LTX
FTX
STX
ST
STX
LFX
COTS
Simulations*
CL
STX
ST
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
EST 2000
CL
ST
ST
ST

ST
CL ST
STX
GUARDFIST/CFFT
CL

ST
ST


CL ST

CL

ST
CL ST
CL ST

HITS
STX
FTX
LFX

STX
STX
STX

STX
LTX
FTX
STX
STX
LFX
STX
LTX
STX
FTX
Javelin BST
CL

ST
ST
ST
ST
CL ST


ST
ST

Conduct CivilMilitary Operations
|      |     |     |
|------|-----|-----|
|      | ST  |     |
| ST   |     |     |
| TEWT |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| CL   |     |     |
| ST   |     |     |
| TEWT |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| CL   |     |     |
| ST   |     |     |
| TEWT |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| LTX  |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| FTX  |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| LTX  |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| LTX  |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| LTX  |     |     |
| CL   |     |     |
| ST   |     |     |
| CL   |     |     |
| CL   |     |     |
| ST   |     |     |
| CL   |     |     |
| ST   |     |     |
| ST   |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| TEWT |     |     |
| CL   |     |     |
| ST   |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| CL   |     |     |
| ST   |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| CL   |     |     |
| ST   |     |     |
| TEWT |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| ST   |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
|      |     |     |
| CL   |     |     |
| ST   |     |     |
|      |     |     |
| CL   |     |     |
| ST   |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
|      |     |     |
| CL   |     |     |
| ST   |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| LTX  |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| LTX  |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| LTX  |     |     |
| LFX  |     |     |
| STX  |     |     |
| LTX  |     |     |
| LFX  |     |     |
Javelin FTT

ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
CL
STX
FTX
LFX
Javelin MSR

ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
CL
STX
FTX
LFX
JLCCTC
STX
FTX
LFX
ST
STX
STX
STX

TEWT
STX
LTX
FTX
L-CCATS
STX
FTX

ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
LMTS
CL

ST
ST
ST
ST
CL ST

ST

ST
CL ST
CL ST

M136 AT4 FHT

ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
CL
STX
FTX
LFX
M141 BDM FHT

ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
CL
STX
FTX
LFX
ST
ST
STX
ST
STX

ST
M18 Inert Claymore Mine
CL
STX
FTX
LFX
M190 LAW Subcaliber Trainer
LFX


LFX
LFX

ST
ST
STX
ST
STX

ST
M21 Antitank Practice Mine
CL
STX
FTX
LFX


ST
STX
ST
STX
FTX
ST
STX
LTX
ST
STX
LTX
LFX
ST
STX
LTX
LFX
CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX


ST
STX
ST
STX
LTX
ST
STX
FTX
ST
STX
LTX LFX
ST
STX
LTX LFX
CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX

CL ST
TEWT
CL
TEWT
ST
TEWT
STX
FTX
CL
TEWT
STX
LTX
CL
TEWT
STX
LTX

ST
ST
STX
LTX
ST
STX
LTX
ST
STX
LTX

ST
STX
FTX
LTX
ST
TEWT
STX
FTX


ST
STX
LFX
ST
STX
LTX
ST
STX
FTX
ST
STX
LTX LFX
ST
STX
LTX LFX
CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX


ST
STX
LFX
ST
STX
LTX
ST
STX
FTX
ST
STX
LTX
LFX
ST
STX
LTX
LFX
CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX


ST
STX
FTX


CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX


ST
STX
FTX


CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX
M287 AT4 Subcaliber Trainer
LFX


LFX
LFX

ST
ST
STX
ST
STX
STX
ST
M320 SLAM Trainer
CL
STX
FTX
LFX
Medical TADSS*
CL
ST
ST
STX
ST
STX


MILES
FTX
LFX
STX

STX
STX
STX

STX
LTX
FTX
STX
ST
STX
LFX
CBRN TADSS*
ST


ST


CL ST
STX

ST
STX
FTX


CL
STX
FTX
LFX
NGATS
STX
FTX
LFX

STX
STX
STX

STX
LTX
FTX

STX
LFX
STX
LTX
STX
FTX
NLCS*

ST
ST
STX
ST
STX

ST
OneTESS
FTX
STX
LFX

STX
STX
STX

STX
LTX
FTX
STX
STX
LFX
STX
LTX
STX
FTX
OPFOR TADSS*

ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
CL
STX
FTX
LFX
ROC-V

ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
CL ST


CL ST

ST


Targetry*
FTX
LFX
STX

STX
STX
STX

STX
LTX
FTX

STX
LFX
STX
LTX
STX
FTX
Conduct CivilMilitary Operations
Event: CL, ST, TEWT, STX, LTX


ST
STX
FTX


CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX


ST
STX
FTX

CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX
STX
LTX
STX
FTX
STX
LTX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX

CL ST
STX

ST
STX
FTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
TEWT
STX
LTX
FTX
STX
LTX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX

STX

CL ST
STX
LTX
ST
TEWT
STX
FTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX

TIED
ST
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
CL
STX
FTX
LFX
Training Unique Ammunition*
FTX
STX
LFX

ST
STX
ST
STX
STX

STX
LTX
FTX

STX
LFX
STX
LTX
STX
FTX
VCCT
STX
CL
ST
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
CL ST
STX


ST
STX


ST
STX
ST
STX
FTX
CL ST
STX
LFX
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
LFX
CL ST
STX
LTX
LFX
STX
LTX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX
CL ST
STX
CL ST
STX


## Appendix C Rifle Squad Task-To-Tadss Matrix

The rifle squad matrix in this appendix, Table C-1, is based on the CATS. It provides tasks from the IBCT CATS, functional CATS, SOSO, and UO. Across the top of each matrix are the tasks and supporting events taken from the respective CATS. Down the left are current and emerging TADSS for an IBCT rifle squad.

CCTT
CL
STX

CFFT
CL
ST
ST


CCMCK*
STX, FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX, LTX

COTS Simulations*
CL
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
CL ST
CL ST
GUARDFIST/CFFT
CL
ST
ST


HITS
STX
STX
STX
STX
LTX

STX
LFX
FTX
Javelin BST
CL
ST
ST
ST
CL
ST
CL
ST
Javelin FTT
ST
STX
CL
STX
LFX
FTX
Javelin MSR
ST
STX
CL
STX
LFX
FTX
L-CCATS
ST
STX
CL
STX
FTX
LMTS
CL, STX
ST
ST
ST
CL, ST
CL, ST
M136 AT4 FHT
ST
STX
CL
STX
LFX
FTX
ST
STX
ST
STX
CL ST
CL ST
STX
LTX
ST
STX
ST
STX
CL ST
CL ST
STX
LTX
ST
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
LTX
ST
STX
ST
STX
CL ST
CL ST
STX
LTX TASK SELECTIONS FROM IBCT AND FUNCTIONAL CATS, SOSO, AND UO
M141 BDM FHT
ST
STX
CL
STX
LFX
FTX
M18 Inert Claymore Mine

ST
STX

CL
STX
LFX
FTX
M21 Antitank Practice Mine

ST
STX

CL
STX
LFX
FTX
M320 SLAM Trainer

ST
STX
CL
STX
LFX
FTX
Medical TADSS*
ST
STX
CL
STX
LFX
FTX
MILES
STX
STX
STX
STX
LTX

STX
LFX
FTX
CBRN TADSS*
ST
STX
CL
STX
LFX
FTX
NGATS
STX
STX
STX
STX
LTX

STX
LFX
FTX
NLCS*
ST
STX
ST
STX

CL
STX
LFX
FTX
OneTESS
STX
LFX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
LTX

OPFOR TADSS*
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
CL
STX
LFX
FTX
ROC-V
CL
ST
ST
ST
CL, ST
CL, ST
ST
STX
ST
STX
CL ST
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
CL
ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
CL ST
STX
LTX
ST
STX
CL ST
CL ST
STX
LTX
ST
STX

CL ST
CL ST
STX
LTX
ST
STX
ST
STX
CL ST
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
CCTT (Dismounted Soldier)
CL
STX

CL ST
STX
LTX
Spider Trainer

ST
STX
ST
STX
CL ST
CL
STX
LFX
FTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
Targetry*
STX
LFX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
ST
STX
LTX
ST
TIED
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
CL ST
CL
STX
LFX
FTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
Training Unique Ammunition*
STX
LFX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
LTX

VCCT
CL, STX


ST, STX
ST, STX
CL, ST

This page intentionally left blank.


## Appendix D Mortar Section Task-To-Tadss Matrix

The mortar section matrix in this appendix, Table D-1, is based on the CATS. It provides tasks from the IBCT CATS, functional CATS, SOSO, and UO. Across the top of each matrix are the tasks and supporting events taken from the respective CATS.

CCTT


ST
CFFT
STX, FTX


COTS Simulations*

ST
ST
EST 2000
CL ST
STX
ST
ST
HITS
STX, FTX

ST
JLCCTC
STX, FTX


L-CCATS
ST, STX
ST
ST
M136 AT4 FHT
ST, STX
ST
ST
ST

M18 Inert Claymore Mine
CL ST
STX
FTX
ST

M320 SLAM Trainer
CL ST
STX
FTX
Medical TADSS*

ST

MILES
STX
LFX
FTX
ST
ST
CBRN TADSS*

ST

TASK SELECTIONS FROM


NGATS
ST
STX
LFX
FTX
NLCS*

ST

OneTESS
STX
LFX
FTX
ST
ST
OPFOR TADSS*
ST
STX
FTX
ST

CCTT (Dismounted Soldier)

ST
ST
ST

Spider Trainer
CL ST
STX
FTX
Targetry*
STX
LFX
FTX


TIED
ST
STX
FTX
ST
ST
ST
ST
Training Unique Ammunition*
ST
STX
LFX
FTX
VCCT


ST

## Appendix E Weapons Company Task-To-Tadss Matrix

The weapons company matrixes in this appendix are based on the CATS. Table E-1 provides tasks from the IBCT CATS, and Table E-2 provides tasks from the functional CATS, SOSO, and UO. Across the top of each matrix are the tasks and supporting events taken from the respective CATS. Down the left are current and emerging TADSS.

CCTT
CL
STX
TEWT
TEWT
TEWT


COTS Simulations*
CL

ST
TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX
STX


EST 2000
CL
ST

STX
STX


HITS
FTX
CALFEX
STX
STX
STX
STX
STX

COMEX
ST
STX
TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX
STX
TEWT
DEPEX
ST
COMEX
JLCCTC
CL
FTX
CALFEX
L-CCATS
FTX
ST
STX
STX
STX
STX


LMTS
CL
ST


ST
STX


STX


M18 Inert Claymore Mine
CL
FTX
CALFEX
M19 BLANK FIRING DEVICE
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX


ST
STX
STX
STX
STX


M320 SLAM Trainer
CL
FTX
CALFEX
Medical TADSS*

ST,
STX


STX


MILES
FTX
CALFEX
STX
STX
STX
STX
STX


MK 19 SPU
FTX
CALFEX
STX
STX
STX
STX
STX


CBRN TADSS*

ST
STX


NGATS
CALFEX
STX
STX
STX
STX


NLCS*

ST,
STX


TGTS
CL
ST


ST
STX
STX
STX


TIED
CL
FTX
CALFEX
TOW ITAS BST
CL
ST


TOW ITAS FTT
FTX
CALFEX
STX
STX
STX
STX


Training Unique Ammunition*
FTX
CALFEX
STX
STX
STX
STX
STX


VCCT
CL
ST
STX
TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX


ST


CCTT
TEWT
STX
CFFT
ST


ST


CCMCK*
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
STX

STX
|      |    | ST    | ST    |
|------|----|-------|-------|
|      |    |       | TEWT  |
| STX  |    |       |       |
| TEWT |    |       |       |
| STX  |    |       |       |
COTS Simulations*
ST
TEWT
STX


ST
TEWT
EST 2000
ST
STX


ST
STX
GUARDFIST/CFFT
ST


ST


HITS
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
JLCCTC
ST
STX
ST
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
FTX
L-CCATS
ST
STX

STX
STX
M18 Inert Claymore Mine
ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
M19 Blank Firing Device
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
M21 Antitank Practice Mine
ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
M320 SLAM Trainer


ST
STX
ST
STX
FTX
Medical TADSS*
ST
STX
FTX

ST
STX

ST
STX
FTX
MILES
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
MK 19 SPU
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
LFX
STX
STX
STX
CBRN TADSS*


STX


NGATS
STX
FTX

STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
LFX
STX

STX
ST
TEWT
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
ST
TEWT
STX


ST
STX
ST


ST
STX
LFX
STX
STX
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
ST
TEWT
STX
FTX
ST
TEWT
STX
LFX
ST
STX
ST
STX

ST
STX
ST
STX
FTX
ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
FTX


ST
STX
FTX
ST
STX


STX
LFX
STX
STX
STX
OneTESS
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
LFX
STX
STX
STX
OPFOR TADSS*
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
ST


CCTT (Dismounted Soldier)
TEWT
STX
Spider Trainer


ST
STX
ST
STX
FTX
Targetry*
STX
FTX

STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
LFX
STX


TFTT
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
TGTS
ST
ST
ST
CL ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
TIED

STX
ST
STX
ST
STX
FTX
TOW ITAS BST
ST
ST
ST
CL
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
TOW ITAS FTT
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
Training Unique Ammunition*
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
LFX
STX
STX
STX
ST


VCCT
TEWT
STX

STX
LFX
STX
STX
STX
ST
ST
ST
ST


TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX
FTX


ST
STX
FTX
STX
LFX
STX
STX
STX
ST

STX
ST
STX
FTX
ST
STX
LFX
TEWT
STX
STX
LFX
STX
STX
STX
ST
ST


TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX

## Weapons Platoon Task-To-Tadss Matrix

The weapons platoon matrixes in this appendix are based on the CATS. Table F-1 provides tasks from the IBCT CATS, and Table F-2 provides tasks from the functional CATS, SOSO, and UO. Across the top of each matrix are the tasks and supporting events taken from the respective CATS. Down the left are current and emerging TADSS.

CCTT
STX
ST
ST


CCMCK*
CL


ST

COTS Simulations*
STX


STX

EST 2000
CL
STX
ST
ST


ST
 STX

HITS
CL
ST


ST

JLCCTC
CL


ST

L-CCATS
STX
FTX


STX

LMTS
CL
ST
ST

ST

M18 Inert Claymore Mine
STX
FTX


STX

M19 Blank Firing Device
STX
FTX
ST
ST


ST
STX

M21 Antitank Practice Mine
CL
ST
ST

ST

M320 SLAM Trainer
CL
STX
FTX
ST
ST


ST
STX

Medical TADSS*
CL
STX
FTX
ST
ST


ST
STX

WEAPONS PLATOON (TASK SELECTIONS FROM IBCT CATS)
MILES
CL
STX
FTX
ST


ST
STX

M19 SPU


CBRN TADSS*
CL
STX
FTX
ST


ST
STX

NGATS


NLCS*
CL
STX
FTX
ST


ST
STX

OneTESS
CL


ST
STX

OPFOR TADSS*
FTX
STX


STX

ROC-V
CL
STX
FTX
Spider Trainer
CL
STX
FTX
Targetry*

ST
ST

ST

TOW FTT
STX
ST
ST
TGTS
CL
STX
FTX
TIED
FTX
STX


STX

TOW ITAS BST
CL
STX
FTX
TOW ITAS FTT
FTX
STX
LFX
Training Unique Ammunition*
STX
CL
ST
ST

 ST
STX

| ST    |     |     |
|-------|-----|-----|
| ST    |     |     |
| ST    |     |     |
|       |     |     |
|       |     |     |
| ST    |     |     |
| STX   |     |     |
|       |     |     |
|       |     |     |
|       |     |     |
| ST    |     |     |
| STX   |     |     |
|       |     |     |
| ST    |     |     |
| ST    |     |     |
| STX   |     |     |
|       |     |     |
| ST    |     |     |
| ST    |     |     |
|       |     |     |
|       |     |     |
| ST    |     |     |
| STX   |     |     |
|       |     |     |
|       |     |     |
| ST    |     |     |
| STX   |     |     |
|       |     |     |
ST
ST
CCTT
TEWT
STX
CFFT
CL ST

CL ST

ST
CL ST
CL ST

STX
CCMCK*
STX
LTX
FTX
ST
STX
LFX
COTS Simulations*
CL ST
CL
CL ST
CL ST
TEWT
STX
EST 2000
CL ST
STX
CL ST
STX

GUARDFIST/CFFT
CL ST

CL

ST
CL ST
CL ST

HITS
STX
LTX
FTX
STX
STX
LFX
STX
LTX
STX
FTX
JLCCTC

CL ST
TEWT
TEWT
STX
LTX
FTX
L-CCATS

ST
ST
STX
LTX
ST
STX
FTX
LTX
LMTS
CL ST

ST

ST
CL ST
CL ST


M18 Inert Claymore Mine
CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX
M19 Blank Firing Device
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
STX
FTX
STX
STX
STX
M21 Antitank Practice Mine


ST
STX
FTX


CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX
CL ST
TEWT
STX
TEWT
STX
STX
LTX
STX
FTX
STX
 LTX
STX
LTX
STX
LTX
CL ST
ST
STX
TEWT
CL ST
STX
CL ST
STX
ST
STX

CL ST

CL ST
STX
LTX
STX
LTX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX
CL
TEWT
ST
TEWT
STX
FTX
CL
TEWT
STX
LTX
CL
TEWT
STX
LTX
ST
STX
LTX
ST
STX
LTX

ST
TEWT
STX
FTX
ST
STX
FTX


CL ST
STX
LTX
M320 SLAM Trainer


ST
STX
FTX


CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX
Medical TADSS*


ST
STX
FTX

CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX
MILES
STX
LTX
FTX
STX
ST
STX
LFX
M19 SPU
STX
LTX
FTX
STX
STX
LFX
STX
FTX
STX
FTX
CBRN TADSS*


CL ST
STX

ST
STX
FTX


NGATS
STX
LTX
FTX

STX
LFX
STX
LTX
STX
FTX
NLCS*
CL ST
STX

CL ST
TEWT
STX
LTX
FTX
OneTESS
STX
LTX
FTX
STX
STX
LFX
STX
LTX
STX
FTX

STX
OPFOR TADSS*
CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX
ROC-V
CL ST


CL ST
ST


Spider Trainer


ST
STX
FTX


CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX
Targetry*
STX
LTX
FTX

STX
LFX
STX
LTX
STX
FTX

CL ST
STX
LTX
STX
LTX
STX
FTX
STX
LTX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX
STX
LFX LTX
STX
LFX LTX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX

ST
STX
FTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
STX
LTX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX

CL ST
STX
LTX
ST
TEWT
STX
FTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX

STX
LTX
FTX
STX
ST
STX
LFX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX
TGST
CL ST
CL ST
CL ST
CL ST
ST
CL ST
CL ST
CL ST

TIED
ST
STX
ST
STX
FTX
CL ST
STX
LFX
CL ST
STX
LTX
CL ST
STX
LTX
FTX
CL ST
STX
LTX LFX
CL ST
STX
LTX LFX
TOW ITAS BST
CL ST
CL ST
CL ST
CL ST
ST
CL ST
CL ST
CL ST
STX
LTX
STX
FTX
STX
LTX
TOW ITAS FTT
STX
LTX
FTX
STX
ST
STX
LFX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX
Training Unique Ammunition*
STX
LTX
FTX

STX
LFX
STX
LTX
STX
FTX
STX
LTX LFX
STX
LTX LFX
VCCT
CL ST
STX


ST
STX
CL ST
STX
CL ST
STX

This page intentionally left blank.


## Appendix G Weapons Company Gunnery Tables Task-To-Tadss Matrix

The weapons company gunnery table matrixes in this appendix (Table G-1) tasks come from the IBCT CATS. Across the top of each matrix are the tasks and supporting events taken from the respective CATS. Down the left are current and emerging TADSS.

WEAPONS COMPANY GUNNERY TABLES TASK SELECTIONS FROM IBCT CATS
CCTT

X


EST 2000
X
X
X
X
X


L-CCATS


X
X


X


LMTS


X


M19 Blank Firing Device


X


MILES


X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MK 19 SPU


X


Targetry*
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
TFTT

X


X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
TGST
X


X


TOW ITAS BST


X


TOW ITAS FTT
X


X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Training Unique Ammunition*
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
ROC-V
X


VCCT

X

This page intentionally left blank.


## Glossary Section I -  Acronyms And Abbreviations

A

AAR
after-action review

ABCS
army battle command systems

AC
alternating current

ACOG
advanced combat optical
gunsight

AKO
Army Knowledge Online

AOR
area of responsibility

ARM
advanced rifle marksmanship

ARNG
Army Reserve National Guard

ASAAF
automatic small arms alignment
fixture

ASP
ammunition supply point

ATSC
Army Training Support Center

ATWESS
antitank weapon effects
simulator

AVCATT
aviation combined arms tactical trainer


CATT
combined arms tactical trainer

CBRN
chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear

CCIR
commander's critical information requirements

CCMCK
close combat mission capability kit

CCTT
close combat tactical trainer

CD
controller device

CDT
common driver trainer

CD/TDTD
controller device/training data
transfer device

CFFT
call-for-fire trainer

CFX
command field exercise

CJTF
coalition joint task force

cl
class (graphics only)

CLS
combat lifesaver

CLU
command launch unit

co
company (graphics only)

COE
contemporary operating environment

COFT
conduct of fire trainer

COFT-E
conduct of fire trainer -
enhanced

COMEX
communications exercise

COP
common operational picture

COTS
commercial off-the-shelf

CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CQC
close quarters combat

CTC
combat training center

CTX
combined training exercise

CVI
combat vehicle identification

B

BATS
Bradley Advanced Training
System

BCT
brigade combat team

BCTC
battle command training center

BDM
bunker defeat munition

BFA
blank firing adapter

BFV
Bradley fighting vehicle

BLOS
beyond line of sight

BLUFOR
blue force

BOE
band of excellence

BRM
basic rifle marksmanship

BST
basic skills trainer

D

DA
Department of the Army

DC
direct current

DEPEX
deployment exercise

DODIC
Department of Defense identification code

DTMS
Digital Training Management System

C

C2
command and control

CALFEX
combined arms live-fire exercise

CALL
Center for Army Lessons
Learned

CAMSIM
chemical agent monitor simulator

CAS
close air support

CATS
combined arms training strategy
|                                  | DVC                           |                             | device (nomenclature only)      |
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------|-----------------------------|---------------------------------|
|                                  | DW                            | dismounted warrior          |                                 |
| E                                |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | E-DIMM                        |                             | enhanced dismounted Infantry    |
| manned module                    |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | EST                           |                             | Engagement Skills Trainer       |
|                                  | ETC                           |                             | exportable training capability  |
|                                  | EXEVAL                        | external evaluation         |                                 |
|                                  | IET                           |                             | initial entry training          |
|                                  | IMI                           |                             | interactive multimedia          |
| instruction                      |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | IMTC                          |                             | Infantry moving target carrier  |
|                                  | IPB                           |                             | intelligence preparation of the |
| battlefield                      |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | IS                            |                             | instrumentation system          |
|                                  | ITAS                          |                             | Improved Target Acquisition     |
| System                           |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | ITM                           |                             | infantry target mechanism       |
|                                  | ITS                           |                             | Independent Target System       |
|                                  | IWS                           | Individual Weapon System    |                                 |
| J                                |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | JCATS                         |                             | joint conflict and tactical     |
| simulation                       |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | JLCCTC                        |                             |                                 |
| joint land component             |                               |                             |                                 |
| constructive training capability |                               |                             |                                 |
| F                                |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | FCX                           |                             | fire coordination exercise      |
|                                  | FHT                           |                             | field handling trainer          |
|                                  | FMTV                          |                             | family of medium tactical       |
| vehicles                         |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | FRAGO                         |                             | fragmentary order               |
|                                  | FRTR                          |                             | full-range training round       |
|                                  | FSC                           |                             | full-spectrum command           |
|                                  | FSL                           |                             | full-spectrum leader            |
|                                  | FSO                           |                             | fire-support officer            |
|                                  | FSW                           |                             | full-spectrum warrior           |
|                                  | FTT                           |                             | field tactical trainer          |
|                                  | FTX                           |                             | field training exercise         |
|                                  | FY                            | fiscal year                 |                                 |
| G                                |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | GL                            |                             | grenade launcher                |
|                                  | GMG                           |                             | grenade machine gun             |
|                                  | GST                           |                             | gunners skill test              |
|                                  | GTA                           | graphic training aid        |                                 |
| GUARDFIST                        | Guard Unit Armory Device Full |                             |                                 |
| Crew Interactive Simulation      |                               |                             |                                 |
| Trainer                          |                               |                             |                                 |
| L                                |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | LASER                         |                             | light amplification by the      |
| stimulated emission of radiation |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | LAW                           |                             | light antitank weapon           |
|                                  | L-CCATS                       |                             | Laser Counterconvoy Ambush      |
| Training System                  |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | LFX                           |                             | live-fire exercise              |
|                                  | LLDR                          |                             | long-range, laser-designator    |
| rangefinder                      |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | LMTS                          |                             | Laser Marksmanship Training     |
| System                           |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | LOMAH                         |                             | location of miss and hit        |
|                                  | LTID                          |                             | laser-target interface device   |
|                                  | LTX                           |                             | lane training exercise          |
|                                  | LVC                           |                             | live-virtual-constructive       |
|                                  | LVC-IA                        | live,virtual, constructive |                                 |
| integrated architecture          |                               |                             |                                 |
| H                                |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | HBCT                          |                             | heavy brigade combat team       |
|                                  | HITS                          |                             | Homestation Instrumentation     |
| Training System                  |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | HMMWV                         |                             | high-mobility multipurpose      |
| wheeled vehicle                  |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | HUT                           | human urban target          |                                 |
| I                                |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | IAW                           |                             | in accordance with              |
|                                  | IBCT                          |                             | Infantry brigade combat team    |
|                                  | IED                           |                             | improvised explosive device     |
| M                                |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | MAARS                         |                             | MILES After-Action Review       |
| System                           |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                  | MAPEX                         |                             | map exercise                    |
|                                  | MCD                           |                             | micro control device            |
| MEDEVAC                          |                               | medical evacuation          |                                 |
|                                  | METL                          |                             | mission-essential task list     |
|                                  | MG                            |                             | machine gun                     |
|                                  | MGSS                          |                             | main gun signature simulator    |
|                                  | MILES                         |                             | Multiple Integrated             |
| Laser-Engagement System          |                               |                             |                                 |
|                                 | mm                           |                                   | millimeter                        |
|---------------------------------|------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
|                                 | MOPMS                        |                                   | Modular-Oriented Mine System      |
|                                 | MSD                          |                                   | MILES shootback device            |
|                                 | MSR                          |                                   | missile simulation round          |
|                                 | MTP                          | mission training plan             |                                   |
| N                               |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | NGATS                        |                                   | New Generation Army Target        |
| System                          |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | NLCS                         |                                   | nonlethal capability set          |
|                                 | NSN                          | national stock number             |                                   |
| O                               |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | O/C                          |                                   | observer controller               |
|                                 | OneTESS                      |                                   | One Tactical Engagement           |
| Simulation System               |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | OPFOR                        |                                   | opposing force                    |
|                                 | op                           |                                   | operation (graphics only)         |
| OPTEMPO                         |                              | operating tempo                   |                                   |
| P                               |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | PK                           |                                   | probability of kill               |
|                                 | PL                           | platoon leader                    |                                   |
|                                 | plt                          | platoon (graphics only)           |                                   |
| S                               |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | SAAF                         |                                   | small arms alignment fixture      |
|                                 | SAF                          |                                   | semiautomated force               |
|                                 | SAT                          |                                   | small arms transmitter            |
|                                 | SAWE                         |                                   | simulated area weapons effects    |
|                                 | SES                          |                                   | sound effects simulator           |
|                                 | SESAMS                       |                                   | Special Effects Small Arms        |
| Marking System                  |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | SGT                          |                                   | sergeant                          |
|                                 | SLAM                         |                                   | selective lightweight attack      |
| munition                        |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | SLIM-ES3                     |                                   | self-directed learning internet   |
| module - every soldier a sensor |                              |                                   |                                   |
| simulation                      |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | SMCT                         |                                   | Soldiers manual common task       |
|                                 | SOP                          |                                   | standing operating procedures     |
|                                 | SOSO                         |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | stability operations support |                                   |                                   |
| operations                      |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | SPAL                         |                                   | liquid airburst projectile        |
| simulator                       |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | sqd                          |                                   | squad                             |
|                                 | SRTR                         |                                   | short-range training round        |
|                                 | ST                           |                                   | sergeant's time                   |
|                                 | STAFFEX                      |                                   | staff training exercise           |
|                                 | STRAC                        |                                   | Standards in Training             |
| Commission                      |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | STX                          |                                   | situational training exercise     |
|                                 | SUAV                         | small unmanned aerial vehicle     |                                   |
| Q                               |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | QTTD                         | quick-fire target training device |                                   |
| R                               |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | RADIAC                       |                                   | radiation, detection, indication, |
| and computation                 |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | RCS                          |                                   | range control station             |
|                                 | RCU                          |                                   | remote control unit               |
|                                 | RDECOM                       |                                   | research development and          |
| engineering command             |                              |                                   |                                   |
|                                 | RDT                          |                                   | rapid decision trainer            |
|                                 | RETS                         |                                   | Remoted Target System             |
|                                 | RF                           |                                   | radio frequency                   |
|                                 | RFCM                         |                                   | radio frequency control module    |
|                                 | RFS                          |                                   | rifle fire simulator              |
|                                 | ROC-V                        |                                   | recognition of combat vehicles    |
|                                 | ROE                          |                                   | rules of engagement               |
|                                 | RVS                          | reconfigurable vehicle simulator  |                                   |
|                                 | RVTT                         | reconfigurable vehicle tactical   |                                   |
| trainer                         |                              |                                   |                                   |

T

TADSS
training aids, devices, simulators, and simulations

TDTD
training data transfer device

TESS
tactical engagement simulation
system

TEWT
tactical exercise without troops

TFT
tactical field trainer

TFTT
TOW tactical field trainer

TGTS
TOW Gunnery Training System

TIED
training improvised explosive
device

TLD
target lifting device

TOC
tactical operations center

TOMI
target OPFOR multipurpose individual

TOW
tube launched, optically tracked, wire guided

TRADOC
Training and Doctrine Command

V

VBIED
vehicle-borne improvised explosive device

VCCT
virtual combat convoy trainer

VISMOD
visual modification

TRP
target reference point

TSC
Training Support Center

TSDS
Targetry Simulator and Device System

TSS
Training Support System

TTP
tactics, techniques, and
procedures

TUA
training unique ammunition
W

WITS
Wireless Independent Target System

WPN
weapon

U

UAS
unmanned aerial system

UO
urban operations

UXO
unexploded ordinance

## Section Ii -  Acronyms And Abbreviations

|                                                                                           | antecubital   |     | of or relating to the inner or front surface of the forearm                                |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------|-----|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                                                                                           | caltrop       |     | a field expedient area denial system consisting of a small multipronged device that will   |
| puncture tires or boots; best employed when about 50 are secured to 550 military cord for |               |     |                                                                                            |
| quick and easy tossing and recoving                                                       |               |     |                                                                                            |
|                                                                                           | claymore      |     | a usually electrically fired land mine containing steel fragments that are discharged in a |
| predetermined direction                                                                   |               |     |                                                                                            |
|                                                                                           | dorsum        |     | upper surface of the hand                                                                  |
|                                                                                           |               |     |                                                                                            |

## References Sources Used/Documents Needed

These are the sources quoted or paraphrased in this publication. All of them are needed by and must be available to the intended user.

## Army Regulations

AR 190-14. *Carrying of Firearms and Use of Force for Law Enforcement and Security Duties*.

12 March 1993.

AR 220-1. *Unit Status Reporting*. 19 December 2006.

AR 5-13. *Training Ammunition Management*. 1 March 2005.

## Call Publications

CALL No. 03-6. *Tactical Convoy Operations*. March 2003. CALL No. 04-27. *Convoy Leader Training Handbook, Volume II*. February 2005.

## Department Of The Army Forms Da Form 581.  Request For Issue And Turn-In Of Ammunition


DA Forms are available on the APD web site (www.apd.army.mil).

## Department Of The Army Pamphlets

DA PAM 350-38. *Standards in Training Commission*. 13 May 2009.
DA PAM 350-9. *Index and Description of Army Training Devices*. 3 September 2002.

## Field Manuals

FM 3-06.11. Combined Arms Operations in *Urban Terrain*. 28 February 2002.

FM 3-07. *Stability Operations*. 6 October 2008.

FM 3-07.31. Peace Operations Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Conducting
Peace Operations. 26 October 2003.
FM 3-21.10. *The Infantry Rifle Company*. 27 July 2006. FM 3-21.20. *The Infantry Battalion*. 13 December 2006.

FM 3-21.75. *The Warrior Ethos and Soldier Combat Skills*. 28 January 2008.
FM 3-21.8. *The Infantry Platoon and Squad*. 28 March 2007.
FM 3-22.27. *MK 19, 40- mm Grenade Machine Gun, MOD 3*. 28 November 2003.
FM 3-22.31. *40- mm Grenade Launcher, M203*. 13 February 2003.

## References

FM 3-22.32. *Improved Target Acquisition System*. M41. 8 July 2005.

FM 3-22.37. *Javelin - Close Combat Missile System, Medium*. 20 March 2008.

FM 3-22.40. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Tactical Employment of Nonlethal
Weapons. 24 October 2007.
FM 3-22.65. *(O)Browning Machine Gun, Caliber .50 HB, M2*. 3 March 2005. FM 3-22.68. *Crew- Served Machine Guns, 5.56-mm and 7.62-mm*. 21 July 2006. FM 3-22.9. *Rifle Marksmanship M16-/M4-Series Weapons*. 12 August 2008.
FM 3-22.90. *Mortars*. 07 December 2007.

FM 3-22.91. *Mortar Fire Direction Center Procedures*. 17 July 2008.

FM 3-23.25. *Shoulder-Launched Munitions*. 31 January 2006.

FM 3-23.30. *Grenades and Pyrotechnics Signals*. 7 June 2005.
FM 3-23.35. *Combat Training with Pistols, M9 and M11*. 25 June 2003. FM 3-24.2. *Tactics in Counterinsurgency*. 21 April 2009.
FM 3-90.6. *The Brigade Combat Team*. 4 August 2006. FM 7-0. *Training for Full Spectrum Operations*. 12 December 2008.

FM 7-1. *Battle Focused Training*. 15 September 2003.

FM 7-92. *The Infantry Reconnaissance Platoon and Squad (Airborne, Air Assault, Light Infantry)*.
23 December 1992.
FM 21-305. *Manual for the Wheeled Vehicle Driver*. 27 August 1993.

FM 23-10. *Sniper Training*. 17 August 1994.

FM 23-23. *Antipersonnel Mine M18A1 and, M18 (Claymore)*. 6 January 1966.

FM 25-4. *How to Conduct Training Exercises*. 10 September 1984. FM 90-26. *Airborne Operations*. 18 December 1990.

## Soldier Training Publications

STP 7-11B1-SM-TG. *Soldier's Manual and Trainer's Guide, MOS 11B, Infantry, Skill Level 1*.

6 August 2004.
STP 7-11B24-SM-TG. Soldier's Manual and Trainer's Guide, MOS 11B, Infantry, Skill Level 2, 3,
and 4.  6 August 2004.
STP 7-11C14-SM-TG. Soldier's Manual, and Trainer's Guide, MOS 11C, Indirect Fire Infantryman,
Skill Levels 1/2/3/4.  6 August 2004.
STP 21-1-SMCT. *Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Skill Level 1*. 18 June 2009. STP 21-24-SMCT. *Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Leader Skills Level 2, 3, and 4*.

2  October 2008.

## Training Circulars

TC 7-9. *Infantry Live-Fire Training*. 30 September 1993.

TC 7-98-1. *Stability and Support Operations Training Support Package*. 5 June 1997.

TC 9-21-01. (O)Soldiers Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Awareness Guide, Iraq and Afghanistan
Theaters of Operation. 28 May 2004.
TC 20-32-3. *Foreign Mine Handbook (Balkan States)*, 15 August 1997.
TC 20-32-4. *Foreign Mine Handbook (Asia)*, 15 August 1997.
TC 20-32-5. *Commander's Reference Guide for Land Mine and Explosive Hazards (Iraq).*
13 February 2003.
TC 21-305. *Training Program for Wheeled Vehicle Accident Avoidance*. 19 August 1996.
TC 21-305-4. *Training Program for the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle.* 31 May 1991.
TC 25-1. *Training Land*. 15 March 2004.

TC 25-8. *Training Ranges*. 5 April 2004.

TC 25-10. *A Leader's Guide to Lane Training*. 26 August 1996.

TC 25-20. *A Leader's Guide to After-Action Reviews*. 30 September 1993.

TC 25-30. *A Leader's Guide to Company Training Meetings*. 27 April 1994.

TC 90-1. *Training for Urban Operations*. 19 May 2008.

## Technical Manuals

TM 07-6910-702-10. *Operator Manual: EST 2000*. December 2001.

TM 3-1040-287-12&P. Operator's and Unit Maintenance Manual including Repair Parts and Special
Tools List for Disperser, Riot Control Agent, Mid-Sized: M37 (NSN 1040-01-463-0157). 16 August 1999.
TM 3-1365-204-12. Operator's and Organizational Maintenance Manual for Disperser and
Riot-Control Agent, Manually Carried:  CR, M36 (NSN 1365-00-283-9046). 11 August 1980.
TM 9-1005-338-13&P. Unit and Direct Support Maintenance Manual (Including Repair Parts and
Special Tools List) for Mossberg 12-Gauge Shotgun, Model 500 (NSN 1005-01-295-1832) and Mossberg 12-Gauge Shotgun, Model 590 (1005-01-251-8578). 15 May 2005.
TM 9-1340-228-10.  Operator's Manual for Rocket and Launcher 83 Millimeter: HEDP (SMAW-D),
M141 (NSN 1340-01-443-5477). 1 September 2005.
TM 9-1425-687-12. Operator and Organizational *Maintenance Manual for Javelin Weapon System*.
24 May 2005.

## Dod Directives

DOD Directive 3000.3. Policy for Non-*lethal Weapons*. 9 July 1996.

## References Miscellaneous

System Training Plan for the Engagement Skills Trainer 2000, Version 1.0. 29 July 04. Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002.

http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com.  3 June 2009.

## Internet

Some of the documents listed elsewhere in the References, as well as all of the individual and collective tasks referred to in this publication, may be accessed at one the following Army websites:

| Air Force Pubs                                        |     |
|-------------------------------------------------------|-----|
| http://afpubs.hq.af.mil/                              |     |
| Army Forms                                            |     |
| http://www.apd.army.mil/usapa_PUB_formrange_f.asp     |     |
| Army Knowledge Online                                 |     |
| https://akocomm.us.army.mil/usapa/doctrine/index.html |     |
| Digital Training Management                           |     |
| System                                                |     |
| https://dtms.army.mil/DTMS                            |     |
| (individual and collective tasks)                     |     |
| NATO ISAs                                             |     |
| http://www.nato.int/docu/standard.htm                 |     |
| Reimer Digital Library                                |     |
| http://www.train.army.mil                             |     |



## Index

           A
AAR system, MILES, 3-68
 (illus)
advanced Bradley full-crew
 interactive simulator trainer,
 3-29 (illus)
AK-47 assault rifle replica,
 3-69 (illus)
America's Army, 3-44 (illus),
 3-45
ammunition
 nonlethal, 3-15 (illus)
 training unique, 3-25, 3-25
 (illus)
antipersonnel mine, POMZ-2,
 3-70 (illus)
Ashley targets, 3-78 (illus)
AT4 weapon simulator, 3-65
 (illus)
ATGM basic skills trainer,
 3-32 (illus)
automatic small arms
 alignment fixture, 3-65
 (illus)

chemical, biological,
  radiological, and nuclear
  (CBRN), 3-35
claymore mine kit (inert), 3-11
  (illus)
close combat
  mission capability kit, 3-41
  tactical trainer, 3-41
combined arms training
  strategy, 1-5, 1-8 (illus), 1-9
  (illus)
commander's elimination, 2-8
  (illus)
commercial off-the-shelf
  simulation (COTS), 3-44
  (illus)
company
  event training progression,
  2-2 (illus)
  live, virtual, and
  constructive training mix,
  2-11 (illus)
  task selection Attack, 1-7
  (illus)
  training progression, 1-5
  (illus)
company, training strategy for
  attack, 2-3 (illus)
conduct-of-fire trainer, 3-28
  (illus)
controller devices, 3-67 (illus)
CPR mannequin, 3-59 (illus)

           B
bar, sighting, 3-10 (illus)
battle command
  stimulation/simulation, 2-12
Bradley Advanced Training
  System, 3-30 (illus)
Bradley fighting vehicle, 3-26

           D
deployed marksmanship
 training strategy, 3-49 (illus)
driver trainer, Stryker, 3-31
 (illus)

           E
end state
  LVC, 2-14 (illus)
  training strategy, example
  format for, 2-9 (illus)
Engagement Skills Trainer
  2000, 3-47, 3-50 (illus)
event planning, 2-1

            F
Full Spectrum simulations,
  3-44 (illus), 3-45

           C
call-for-fire trainer, 3-34
capability set, nonlethal, 3-15
 through 3-17 (illus)
carrier, moving target, 3-82
 (illus)
case, integrated use,
 live/virtual/constructive, 1-4
 (illus), 2-11
casualty simulation kit, 3-58
 (illus)
categories, 1-1
 nonsystem, 3-34
 system, 3-1
 training supported, 1-2
 (illus)
chemical agent monitor
 simulator, 3-37 (illus)

          G
Grail (SA-7), 3-73
graphic training aids, 3-51
 (illus)

          H
hand grenade, 3-1
helmet HALO configurations,
 MILES, 3-64 (illus)
high-mobility, multipurpose
 wheeled vehicle, 3-2
hit, location of miss and, 3-80
 (illus)
Homestation Instrumentation
 Training System, 3-53
homestation
 marksmanship training
 strategy, 3-48 (illus)
 training capability,
 integrated, 2-12 (illus)
human urban target
 mannequins, 3-79 (illus)

                 I
improvised explosive device
  (IED), 3-83 (illus)
Independent Target System,
  3-66 (illus)
individual torso harnesses,
  MILES, 3-64 (illus)
initial entry training (IET),
  3-45
  rifle marksmanship training
  strategy, 3-48 (illus)
integrated
  homestation training
  capability, 2-12 (illus)
  use case,
  live/virtual/constructive,
  2-11
intravenous therapy trainer,
  3-59 (illus)

              J
Javelin, 3-2 through 3-4 (illus)
joint land component
  constructive training
  capability, 3-57

           L
Laser Marksmanship Training
  System, 3-57
lifecycle model, 1-5 (illus)
live/virtual/constructive
  environments, 1-4 (illus)
  integrated use case, 2-11
location of miss and hit
  (LOMAH), 3-80 (illus)
long-range laser-designator
  rangefinder, 3-5 (illus)

mannequin
  CPR, 3-59 (illus)
  human urban target, 3-79
  (illus)
  resuscitation training
  mannequin, 3-60 (illus)
marksmanship, 3-48 through
  3-49 (illus)
medical, 3-58
MGS Interim Deployable
  Advanced Gunnery Training
  System, 3-34 (illus)
mine, 3-11
  claymore, kit (inert), 3-11
  (illus)
  M21 antitank practice mine,
  3-12 (illus)
  POMZ-2 AP, 3-70 (illus)
miss and hit, location of, 3-80
  (illus)
MK19 Tactical Engagement
  System, 3-14 (illus)
moulage set, war wound, 3-60
  (illus)
moving target carrier, 3-82
  (illus)
Multiple Integrated Laser
  Engagement System
  (MILES)
  AAR system, 3-69 (illus)
  helmet HALO
  configurations, 3-64 (illus)
  individual torso harnesses,
  3-64 (illus)
  micro controller device,
  3-68 (illus)
  small arms transmitters,
  3-63 (illus)
  TSC device numbers, 3-62

N
nerve agent antidote training
kit, 3-40 (illus)
nonlethal
capability set, 3-15 through 3-17 (illus) training strategy, 3-18 (illus)
nonsystem TADSS, 3-34

## O Opposing Force (Opfor), 3-69

M
M15A1 aiming card, 3-5
(illus)
M16 sighting device, 3-6
(illus)
M19 blank firing adapter, 3-8
(illus)
M190 law subcaliber training
device, 3-21 (illus)
M2 machine gun, 3-8
HB sighting bar, 3-9 (illus) ODS full fidelity trainer, 3-30 (illus)
M203 grenade launcher, 3-9 M21 antitank practice mine,
3-12 (illus)
M240B machine gun, 3-10 M249 machine gun, 3-11 M256 chemical detection
training kit, 3-38 (illus)
M287 subcaliber tracer trainer,
3-19, 3-20 (illus)
M291 skin decontamination
training kit, 3-39 (illus)
M60 machine gun, 3-10 M794/M172 round requisition
information, 3-27 (illus)
M81 simulation detector unit,
3-39 (illus)
M9 air-operated pistol, 3-11 machine gun
M2, 3-8 through 3-10 (illus) M240B, 3-10 M249, 3-11 M60, 3-10 MK19, 3-14 (illus) RPK squad machine gun, 3-72 (illus) sighting bar, 3-10 (illus) sighting target, 3-10 (illus)

P
PM50 pistol replica, 3-70
(illus)

POMZ-2 AP mine, 3-70 (illus)
practice
  hand grenade, M67, 3-1
  mine, M21 antitank, 3-12
  (illus)
Precision Gunnery System,
  3-27

R
radiac training set, 3-36 (illus) rangefinder, long-range,
laser-designator, 3-5, 3-6 (illus) simulated, 3-5
rapid decision trainer, 3-44
(illus), 3-46
recognition of combat
vehicles, 3-74
Remote Target System, 3-81
(illus)
resuscitation training
mannequin, 3-60 (illus)
RG-42 AP grenade, 3-71
(illus)
RGD-5 AP grenade, 3-71
(illus)
Riddle sighting device, 3-6
(illus)
rifle
company task selections, 1-6 (illus) fire simulator, 3-55 (illus)
rifle-holding device, 3-7 (illus) RKD-3 AT grenade, 3-71
(illus)
RPG-7 AT grenade launcher,
3-72 (illus)
RPK squad machine gun, 3-72
(illus)

## S

SA-7 Guided Antiaircraft
Missile System (Grail), 3-73 (illus)
Sagger, suitcase, 3-73 (illus) selective lightweight attack
munitions, 3-13
Self-Directed Learning
Internet Module ES2 System, 3-45
shotgun, 3-19 shoulder-launched munitions,
3-19

simulated long-range laser
  designator rangefinder, 3-5
  (illus)
simulation
  commercial, off-the-shelf,
  3-44 (illus), 3-46
  detector unit, M81, 3-39
  (illus)
  kit, casualty, 3-58 (illus)
  round, missile, 3-4 (illus)
simulator
  AT4 weapon, 3-65 (illus)
  chemical agent monitor,
  3-37 (illus)
  gunfire, small arms
  flash-noise, 3-76 (illus)
  rifle fire, 3-55 (illus)
  trainer, advanced Bradley
  full-crew interactive, 3-29
  (illus)
SLIM-ES3 simulation, 3-44
  (illus), 3-45
small arms
  flash-noise gunfire
  simulator, 3-76 (illus)
  transmitters, MILES, 3-63
  (illus)
small unmanned aerial vehicle,
  3-22
Spider, 3-13
stimulation/simulation, battle
  command, 2-12
Stryker and driver trainer, 3-31
  (illus)
STX task Support, example,
  1-9 (illus)
suitcase Sagger, 3-73 (illus)
supported training strategy,
  2-8
support system, training, 1-4
SVD sniper rifle, 3-74 (illus)

targetry, 3-77 (illus) Targetry and Simulation
Device System, 3-55 (illus)
task-to-TADSS matrixes, 2-3
mortar section, 2-7 (illus), D-1 (illus) rifle company, 2-4 (illus) functional CATS, SOSO, UO, A-3 (illus) IBCT CATS, A-1 (illus) rifle platoon, 2-5 (illus), B-1 (illus) rifle squad, 2-6 (illus), C-1 (illus) weapons company, E-1 (illus) functional CATS, SOSO, and UO, E-2 (illus) gunnery tables, G-1 (illus) weapons platoon functional CATS, SOSO, UO, F-3 (illus) IBCT CATS, F-1 (illus)
TOW
field tactical trainer, 3-23 (illus) Gunnery Training System, 3-24 ITAS basic skills trainer, 3-22 (illus) ITAS field tactical trainer, 3-23 (illus) MILES, 3-24 missile simulation round, 3-26
training, 2-11
data transfer device, 3-70, 3-71 (illus) end state multiechelon, 2-9 improvised explosive device (IED) kit, 3-83 (illus)
T
target
box paddle, 3-7 (illus) systems, 3-66 (illus) sighting, machine gun, 3-10 (illus)



training strategy, 2-1
  combined arms, 1-5
  company, for attack, 2-3
  (illus)
  deployed marksmanship,
  3-49 (illus)
  end state, example format
  for, 2-10 (illus)
  homestation marksmanship,
  3-48 (illus)
  IET rifle marksmanship,
  3-48 (illus)
  nonlethal, 3-18 (illus)
  TADSS supported, 2-8
Training Support System,, 1-4
training-unique ammunition,
  3-25
TSC device numbers, MILES,
  3-62 (illus)
tube-launched, optically
  controlled, wire-guided
  (TOW) missile, 3-22 (illus)
  through 3-24 (illus)

           U
universal controller device,
 3-67 (illus)
urban operations STX,
 additional resources for,
 2-13 (illus)
           V
vehicle instrument interface
 package, 3-33 (illus)
virtual combat convoy trainer,
 3-84 (illus)

W
war wound moulage set, 3-60
(illus)
Wireless Independent Target
System, 3-67 (illus)


This page intentionally left blank. By Order of the Secretary of the Army:


                                                                                                                       GEORGE W. CASEY, JR.
                                                                                                                       General, United States Army
                                                                                                                                    Chief of Staff

Official:



    JOYCE E. MORROW
Administrative Assistant to the
      Secretary of the Army
                 0917402


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