This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site (https://armypubs.army.mil/) and the Central Army Registry site (https://atiam.train.army.mil/catalog/dashboard).

# *Fm 1-02.1

Field Manual No. 1-02.1
Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, D.C., 09 March 2021

## Operational Terms

Distribution Restriction:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes FM 1-02.1, dated 21 November 2019.

## Contents Preface Introduction Military Terms

Chapter 1

## Acronyms, Abbreviations, And Country Codes

Chapter 2 Section I - Acronyms and Abbreviations Section II - Geographical Entity Codes REFERENCES

## Preface

FM 1-02.1 constitutes approved Army doctrinal terminology for general use. The principal audience for this manual are all members of the profession of Arms. Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters serving as joint task force or multinational headquarters should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning the range of military operations and joint or multinational forces. Trainers and educators throughout the Army will also use this publication. Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure their decisions and actions comply with applicable U.S., international, and, in some cases, host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all echelons ensure their Soldiers operate in accordance with the law of war and the rules of engagement. This publication implements the following international agreements:
STANAG 1059 (ED. 8). *Letter Codes for Geographical Entities*. 01
April 2004.

STANAG 1241 (ED. 5). NATO Standard Identity Description Structure for Tactical Use. 06 April 2005. STANAG 3680 (ED. 5)/AAP-6 (2017) (2). NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions (English and French). 07 February 2018.

## Fm 1-02.1 Uses Joint Terms Where Applicable.

FM 1-02.1 applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard/ Army National Guard of the United States, and United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated. The proponent of FM 1-02.1 is the United States Army Combined Arms Center. The preparing agency is the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate, United States Army Combined Arms Center. Send written comments and recommendations on DA Form 2028
(*Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms*) to Commander, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center and Fort Leavenworth, ATTN: ATZL MCD (FM 1-02.1), 300 McPherson Avenue, Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027 2337; by email to usarmy.leavenworth.mccoe.mbx.cadd-org-mailbox@mail.mil;
or submit an electronic DA Form 2028.

## Introduction

This second edition of FM 1-02.1 compiles all Army terms and definitions approved for use in Army doctrinal publications, including ADPs, FMs, and ATPs. It also includes joint and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) terms used and listed in the glossaries of Army doctrinal publications as of September 2020. FM 1-02.1 also lists shortened forms (whether considered acronyms or abbreviations) approved for use in Army doctrinal publications. This publication is augmented by the military terms and symbols database, known as the *Army Dictionary online.* To maintain Army terminology current, the *Army Dictionary online* is updated monthly to reflect the latest operational term changes published in new editions of Army doctrine publications (To access the database, go to https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/index.jsp?pindex=207, and log in with a common access card.) This database is an official Department of Defense (DOD) Web site, maintained by the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate in collaboration with the Joint Staff Directorate for Joint Force Development, and is part of the Joint Doctrine, Education, and Training Electronic Information System. While the database includes the same joint terms appearing in FM 1-02.1, readers should consult the DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms for up-to-date joint terminology. When communicating instructions to subordinate units, commanders and staffs from company through corps echelons should use this publication as a dictionary of operational terms and military symbols. FM 1-02.1 is organized as follows: Chapter 1 presents defined terms. Chapter 2 presents acronyms, abbreviations, and country codes. The terminology entries in chapter 1 of this publication fall into three categories: Army only doctrine applicable definitions. Joint (DOD) definitions used in Army doctrine publications. NATO definitions used in Army doctrine publications. For each term and definition, a proponent publication is cited in parentheses after the definition.

Army only applicable doctrine definitions. The Army definition is preceded by "(Army)" if the term also has a joint definition that differs from the Army definition. (See the definition for "attack position" listed below.) If the term has no associated joint definition, the Army definition is not preceded by "(Army)". (See the definition for "situational understanding" listed below.) All Army-unique definitions must be followed by the proponent Army publication in parentheses, as in the following examples:
attack position - (Army) The last position an attacking force occupies or passes through before crossing the line of departure. (ADP 3-90)
situational understanding - The product of applying analysis and judgment to relevant information to determine the relationship among the operational and mission variables to facilitate decision making. (ADP 6-0)
Joint (DOD) defined terms that appear in glossaries of Army doctrine publications. Each joint definition is preceded by
"(DOD)." A cross-reference such as "See ADP X-YY" follows the definition, signifying the publication discussing Army usage of the term, as in the following example:
airspace control - (DOD) Capabilities and procedures used to increase operational effectiveness by promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, ADP 5-0, FM 3-52, and FM 3-90-1.

NATO defined terms that appear in glossaries of Army publications. Each NATO definition is preceded by "(NATO)." A
cross-reference such as "Referenced in ADP X-YY" follows the definition, signifying the publication discussing Army usage of the term, as in the following example:
explosive ordnance disposal incident - (NATO) The suspected or detected presence of unexploded explosive ordnance, or damaged explosive ordnance, which constitutes a hazard to operations, installations, personnel or material. Not included in this definition are the accidental arming or other conditions that develop during the manufacture of high explosive material, technical service assembly operations or the laying of mines and demolition charges. (STANAG 3680) Referenced in ATP 4-32.

DOD and NATO terms with multiple definitions. The related definition number will precede the definition to denote the definition or definitions applicable to Army doctrine. For example the DOD term "demonstration" has two different definitions (1 and 2) for this term, and the Army only uses definition number 2 in doctrine:
demonstration - (DOD) 2. In military deception, a show of force in an area where a decision is not sought that is made to deceive an adversary. It is similar to a feint but no actual contact with the adversary is intended. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-90-1.

In addition, two other descriptors may appear after a definition:

Also called.

See also.
Also called. If a term has a shortened form (acronym or abbreviation) approved for doctrinal use, the shortened form appears after the definition, preceded by also called, as in the following example:
after action review - A guided analysis of an organization's performance, conducted at appropriate times during and at the conclusion of a training event or operation with the objective of improving future performance. It includes a facilitator, event participants, and other observers. Also called AAR. (FM 7-0)
See also. If related terms are defined elsewhere in FM 1-02.1, they are cross-referenced after the definition. The related terms are bolded and preceded by "See also," as in the following example:
area security - A security task conducted to protect friendly forces, installation routes, and actions within a specific area.

(ADP 3-90) See also **area reconnaissance**.

The acronym and abbreviation entries listed in section I of chapter 2 are Army and joint. Shortened forms applicable only to Army doctrine are shown in boldface, to distinguish Army from joint usage. Acronyms are added to FM 1-02.1 and the online "Army Dictionary" when a defined term has an associated acronym or if an acronym has doctrinal cross branch or functional usage. The cross branch usage criterion for considering an acronym for inclusion is that it must appear in two or more doctrinal publications that are not branch specific or related.

## Chapter 1 Military Terms

This chapter presents military terms currently used in Army doctrine.

A
access control point - A corridor at the installation entrance
through which all vehicles and pedestrians must pass when entering or exiting the installation. (ATP 3-39.32)
actions on contact - A series of combat actions, often conducted
simultaneously, taken upon contact with the enemy to develop the situation. (ADP 3-90)
active - A descriptor that identifies an established kill box that
has a fires and airspace status affecting aircraft and fires operating in the kill box. (ATP 3-09.34)
active defense - (DOD) The employment of limited offensive
action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-01.94.
act of mercy - (DOD) In personnel recovery, assistance rendered
to evaders by an individual or elements of the local population who sympathize or empathize with the evaders' cause or plight. See also evader; evasion; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.22.
administrative contracting officer - (DOD) Contracting officers
whose primary duties involve contract administration. Also called ACO. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
administrative control - (DOD) Direction or exercise of
authority over subordinate or other organizations in respect to administration and support. Also called ADCON. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 1-04, FM 3-0, FM 3-94, FM 4-0, FM 6-0, ATP 3-53.1.

administrative movement - A movement in which troops and
vehicles are arranged to expedite their movement and conserve time and energy when no enemy ground interference is anticipated. (ADP 3-90)
advance force operations - Operations conducted to refine the
location of specific, identified targets and further develop the operational environment for near-term missions. Also called AFO. (FM 1-02.1)
advanced operations base - A small, temporary base established
near or within a joint operations area to command, control, and support special operations training or tactical operations. (ADP 3-05)
advanced trauma management - Resuscitative and stabilizing
medical or surgical treatment provided to patients to save life or limb and to prepare them for further evacuation without jeopardizing their well-being or prolonging the state of their condition. (FM 4-02)
adversary - (DOD) A party acknowledged as potentially hostile
to a friendly party and against which the use of force may be envisaged. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, FM 2-0, FM 3-0, FM 4-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-53, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-20.97, ATP 3-20.98, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-53.2.
aerial delivery - The air transport of cargo, equipment and/or
personnel to a desired location on the ground by aircraft. (ATP 4-48)
aerial port - (DOD) An airfield that has been designated for the
sustained air movement of personnel and materiel, as well as an authorized port for entrance into or departure from the country where located . Also called APORT. See also port of debarkation, port of embarkation. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-17.2.
aeromedical evacuation - (DOD) The movement of patients
under medical supervision to and between medical treatment facilities by air transportation. Also called AE. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 4-02.2.
after action review - A guided analysis of an organization's
performance, conducted at appropriate times during and at the conclusion of a training event or operation with the objective of improving future performance. It includes a facilitator, event participants, and other observers. Also called AAR. (FM 7-0)
aimpoint - (DOD) 1. A point associated with a target and
assigned for a specific weapon impact. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-12, FM 3-14.
air and missile defense - (DOD) Direct [active and passive]
defensive actions taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air and ballistic missile threats against friendly forces and assets. Also called AMD. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87, ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-96.1.
air apportionment - (DOD) The determination and assignment
of the total expected effort by percentage and/or by priority that should be devoted to the various air operations for a given period of time. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-52.2.
air assault - (DOD) The movement of friendly assault forces by
rotary-wing or tiltrotor aircraft to engage and destroy enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. See also assault. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 3-99, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.98.
air assault force - (DOD) A force composed primarily of ground
and rotary-wing air units organized, equipped, and trained for air assault operations. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-99.
air assault operation - (DOD) An operation in which assault
forces, using the mobility of rotary-wing or tiltrotor aircraft and the total integration of available fires, maneuver under the control of a ground or air maneuver commander to engage enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. (JP 3-18)
Referenced in FM 3-96, FM 3-99.

airborne assault - (DOD) The use of airborne forces to parachute
into an objective area to attack and eliminate armed resistance and secure designated objectives. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-96, FM 3-99, ATP 3-21.90.
airborne mission coordinator - (DOD) The designated
individual that serves as an airborne extension of the component commander or supported commander responsible for the personnel recovery mission. Also called AMC. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-55.6.
airborne operation - (DOD) An operation involving the air
movement into an objective area of combat forces and their logistic support for execution of a tactical, operational, or strategic mission. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-96, FM 3-99, ATP 3-21.90.
air corridor - (DOD) A restricted air route of travel specified for
use by friendly aircraft and established for the purpose of preventing friendly aircraft from being fired on by friendly forces. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ATP 3-21.90.
air defense - (DOD) Defensive measures designed to destroy
attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. Also called AD. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.18, ATP 3-01.48.
air defense artillery - (DOD) Weapons and equipment for
actively combating air targets from the ground. Also called ADA. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.48, ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87.
air defense region - (DOD) A geographical subdivision of an air
defense area. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15.
air defense sector - (DOD) A geographical subdivision of an air
defense region. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15.
air defense warning condition - (DOD) An air defense warning
given in the form of a color code corresponding to the degree of air raid probability with yellow standing for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is probable; red for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is imminent or is in
progress; and white for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is improbable. Also called ADWC. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15.

air domain - (DOD) The atmosphere, beginning at the Earth's
surface, extending to the altitude where its effects upon operations become negligible. (JP 3-30) Referenced in ADP 3-19, ATP 2-01.3.
airdrop - (DOD) The unloading of personnel or materiel from
aircraft in flight. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ATP 4-48.
airfield - (DOD) An area prepared for the accommodation
(including any buildings, installations, and equipment), landing, and takeoff of aircraft. See also departure airfield; landing area; landing site. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 3-99, ATP 3-17.2.
air-ground operations - The simultaneous or synchronized
employment of ground forces with aviation maneuver and fires to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative. Also called AGO. (FM 3-04)
airhead - (DOD) A lodgment that, when seized and held, ensures
the continuous air landing of troops and materiel and provides the maneuver space necessary for projected operations. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-99.
airhead line - (DOD) A line denoting the limits of the objective
area for an airborne assault. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-99.
air interdiction - (DOD) Air operations conducted to divert,
disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy's military surface capabilities before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives that are conducted at such distances from friendly forces that detailed integration of each Air mission with the fire and movement of friendly forces is not required. Also called AI. (JP 3-03) Referenced in ADP 3-19, FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-91.1.
airland - (DOD) Move by air and disembark, or unload, after the
aircraft has landed or while an aircraft is hovering. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ATP 3-18.1, ATP 4-48.
air liaison officer - (DOD) The senior tactical air control party
member attached to a ground unit who functions as the primary advisor to the ground commander on air power. Also called ALO. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 4-01, FM 6-05, ATP 3-09.42.
Air Mobility Command - (DOD) The Air Force component
command of the United States Transportation Command. Also called AMC. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01.
air movement - (DOD) Air transport of units, personnel,
supplies, and equipment including airdrops and air landings. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 3-99, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 4-48.
air movements - (Army) Operations involving the use of utility
and cargo rotary-wing assets for other than air assaults. (FM 3-90-2)
airspace control - (DOD) Capabilities and procedures used to
increase operational effectiveness by promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-52, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-52.1, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-96.1.
airspace control authority - (DOD) The commander designated
to assume overall responsibility for the operation of the airspace control system in the airspace control area. Also called ACA. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-01, FM 3-09, FM 3-52, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-52.1, ATP 3-52.2.
airspace control order - (DOD) An order implementing the
airspace control plan that provides the details of the approved requests for airspace coordinating measures . Also called ACO. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-52, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-60.2.
airspace control plan - (DOD) The document approved by the
joint force commander that provides specific planning guidance and procedures for the airspace control system for the joint force operational area. Also called ACP. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-01, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-04.64, ATP
3-09.34, ATP 3-52.1, ATP 3-52.2.

airspace control system - (DOD) An arrangement of those
organizations, personnel, policies, procedures, and facilities required to perform airspace control functions. Also called ACS. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-52.
airspace coordinating measures - (DOD) Measures employed to
facilitate the efficient use of airspace to accomplish missions and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Also called ACM. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-52, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87. ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3--52.1, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-91.1.
airspace coordination area - (DOD) A three-dimensional block
of airspace in a target area, established by the appropriate ground commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. Also called ACA. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-99, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-91.1.
airspace management - (DOD) The coordination, integration,
and regulation of the use of airspace of defined dimensions. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-52, FM 3-96, ATP 3-01.81.
air support operations center - (DOD) The principal air control
agency of the theater air control system responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat element. Also called ASOC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-60.2.
air tasking order - (DOD) A method used to task and
disseminate to components, subordinate units, and command and control agencies projected sorties, capabilities and/or forces to targets and specific missions. Also called ATO. (JP 3-30) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-60.2.
air terminal - (DOD) A facility on an airfield that functions as an
air transportation hub and accommodates the loading and unloading of airlift aircraft and the intransit processing of traffic. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ATP 4-13.
alkalinity - The content of carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides,
and occasionally berates, silicates, and phosphates in water. (ATP 4-44)
alliance - (DOD) The relationship that results from a formal
agreement between two or more nations for broad, long-term objectives that further the common interests of the members. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-16, FM 4-0.
allocation - (DOD) 1. Distribution of limited forces and resources
for employment among competing requirements. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 2-01.
all-source intelligence - (DOD) 1. Intelligence products and/or
organizations and activities that incorporate all sources of information in the production of finished intelligence. Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, ATP 3-90.1. 2. In intelligence collection, a phrase that indicates that in the satisfaction of intelligence requirements, all collection, processing, exploitation, and reporting systems and resources are identified for possible use and those most capable are
tasked. See also **intelligence**. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP
3-05.20, ATP 3-90.1. (Army) The integration of intelligence and information from all relevant sources in order to analyze situations or conditions that impact operations. (ADP 2-0)
alternate position - A defensive position that the commander
assigns to a unit or weapon for occupation when the primary position becomes untenable or unsuitable for carrying out the assigned task. (ADP 3-90)
alternate supply route - A route or routes designated within an
area of operations to provide for the movement of traffic when main supply routes become disabled or congested. Also
called ASR. (FM 4-01) See also area of operations, main supply route.
altitude - The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object
considered as a point, measured from mean sea level. (ATP 3-09.30)
ambulance control point - A manned traffic regulating, often
stationed at a crossroad or road junction, where ambulances are directed to one of two or more directions to reach loading
points and medical treatment facilities. (ATP 4-02.2)

ambulance exchange point - A location where a patient is
transferred from one ambulance to another en route to a medical treatment facility. Also called AXP. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambulance loading point - This is the point in the shuttle
system where one or more ambulances are stationed ready to receive patients for evacuation. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambulance relay point - A point in the shuttle system where
one or more empty ambulances are stationed to advance to a loading point or to the next relay post to replace departed ambulances. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambulance shuttle system - A system consisting of one or more
ambulance loading points, relay points, and when necessary, ambulance control points, all echeloned forward from the principal group of ambulances, the company location, or basic relay points as tactically required. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambush - An attack by fire or other destructive means from
concealed positions on a moving or temporarily halted enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
ammunition load - A support package designed or tailored
specifically for munitions operations. (ATP 4-35)
ammunition supply point - An ammunition support activity
operated by one or more modular ammunition platoons. (ATP 4-35)
ammunition support activity - Locations that are designated to
receive, store, maintain, and provide munitions support to Army forces. (FM 4-30)
ammunition transfer holding point - A designated site
operated by a brigade support battalion distribution company where ammunition is received, transferred, or temporarily stored to supported units within a brigade combat team. Also called ATHP. (ATP 4-35)
amphibious operation - (DOD) A military operation launched
from the sea by an amphibious force to conduct landing force operations within the littorals. Also called PHIBOP. (JP 3-02)
Referenced in ATP 3-90.98.

antiaccess - (DOD) Action, activity, or capability, usually longrange, designed to prevent an advancing enemy force from entering an operational area. Also called A2. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-14.
anticipation - The ability to foresee events and requirements
and initiate necessary actions that most appropriately satisfy a response without waiting for operation orders or fragmentary orders. (ADP 4-0)
Antideficiency Act violations - (DOD) The incurring of
obligations or the making of expenditure (outlays) in violation of appropriation law as to purpose, time, and amounts as specified in the defense appropriation or appropriations of funds. (JP 3-80) Referenced in ATP 1-06.2.
antiradiation missile - (DOD) A missile which homes passively
on a radiation source. Also called ARM. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87.
antiterrorism - (DOD) Defensive measures used to reduce the
vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts, to include rapid containment by local military and civilian forces. Also called AT. (JP 3-26) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
apportionment - (DOD) The quantities of force capabilities and
resources provided for planning purposes only, but not necessarily an identification of the actual forces that may be allocated for use when a plan transitions to execution. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-52.2.
approach march - The advance of a combat unit when direct
contact with the enemy is intended. (ADP 3-90)
area air defense commander - (DOD) The component
commander with the preponderance of air defense capability and the required command, control, and communications capabilities who is assigned by the joint force commander to plan and execute integrated air defense operations. Also called AADC. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-01, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-52.2.
area command - In unconventional warfare, the irregular
organizational structure established within an unconventional warfare operational area to command and control irregular forces advised by Army Special Forces. (ATP 3-05.1)
area complex - A clandestine, dispersed network of facilities to
support resistance activities in a given area designed to achieve security, control, dispersion, and flexibility. (ATP 3-18.1)
area defense - A type of defensive operation that concentrates
on denying enemy forces access to designated terrain for a specific time rather than destroying the enemy outright. (ADP 3-90)
area denial - (DOD) Action, activity, or capability, usually shortrange, designed to limit an enemy force's freedom of action within an operational area. Also called AD. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-14.
area of influence - (DOD) A geographical area wherein a
commander is directly capable of influencing operations by maneuver or fire support systems normally under the commander's command or control. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-94, FM 4-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-20.15, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-94.2, FM 3-96, ATP 6-02.2.
area of interest - (DOD) That area of concern to the commander,
including the area of influence, areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory. Also called AOI. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-01.64, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-20.15, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 4-02.55, ATP 5-0.1, ATP 6-02.2.
area of operations - (DOD) An operational area defined by the
joint force commander for land and maritime forces that should be large enough to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. Also called AO. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-52, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, FM 4-40, FM
6-05, ATP 1-06.3, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-01.64, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-20.15, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-20.15, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 4-02.2, ATP 4-02.55, ATP 4-94, ATP 6-02.2.

area of responsibility - (DOD) The geographical area associated
with a combatant command within which a geographic combatant commander has authority to plan and conduct operations. Also called AOR. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 4-43.
area reconnaissance - A type of reconnaissance operation that
focuses on obtaining detailed information about the terrain or enemy activity within a prescribed area. (ADP 3-90)
area search - (DOD) Visual reconnaissance of limited or defined
areas. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
area security - A type of security operation conducted to protect
friendly forces, lines of communications installation routes, and actions within a specific area. (ADP 3-90)
area support - Method of logistics, medical support, and
personnel services in which support relationships are determined by the location of the units requiring support. Sustainment units provide support to units located in or passing through their assigned areas. (ATP 4-90)
ARFOR - The Army component and senior Army headquarters of
all Army forces assigned or attached to a combatant command, subordinate joint force command, joint functional command, or multinational command. (FM 3-94)
Army core competencies - The Army's essential and enduring
capabilities that define the Army's fundamental contributions to the Nation's security. (ADP 1-01)
Army design methodology - A methodology for applying
critical and creative thinking to understand, visualize, and describe problems and approaches to solving them. (ADP 5-0)
Army doctrine - Fundamental principles, with supporting
tactics, techniques, procedures, and terms and symbols, used for the conduct of operations and as a guide for actions of
operating forces, and elements of the institutional force that directly support operations in support of national objectives. (ADP 1-01)

Army Health System - A component of the Military Health
System that is responsible for operational management of the health service support and force health protection missions for training, predeployment, deployment, and postdeployment operations. Army Health System includes all mission support services performed, provided, or arranged by the Army Medical Department to support health service support and force health protection mission requirements for the Army and as directed, for joint, intergovernmental agencies, coalition, and multinational forces. (FM 4-02)
Army leader - Anyone who by virtue of assumed role or assigned
responsibility inspires and influences people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish the mission and improve the organization. (ADP 6-22)
Army personnel recovery - The military efforts taken to prepare
for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel. (FM 3-50)
Army Profession - A vocation of Soldiers and Department of the
Army Civilians whose collective expertise is the ethical design of, support to, and application of landpower; serving under civilian authority; and entrusted to defend the Constitution and the rights and interests of the American people. (ADP 6-22)
Army requirements review board - The Army force
commander's established board to review, validate, approve, and prioritize selected contract support requests. Also called ARRB. (ATP 4-92)
Army Service component command - (DOD) Command
responsible
for
recommendations
to
the
joint
force
Commander on the allocation and employment of Army forces within a combatant command. Also called ASCC. (JP 3-31) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-94, ATP 3-94.1.

## Army Special Operations Aviation - Designated Active

Component forces and units organized, trained, and equipped specifically to conduct air mobility, close air support, and other special air operations. (ADP 3-05)

Army special operations forces - (DOD) Those Active and
Reserve Component Army forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called ARSOF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-18, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-75, ATP 3-76.
Army team building - A continuous process of enabling a group
of people to reach their goals and improve their effectiveness through leadership and various exercises, activities and techniques. (FM 6-22)
artillery target intelligence zone - An area in enemy territory
that the commander wishes to monitor closely. (FM 3-09)
art of tactics - Three interrelated aspects: the creative and
flexible array of means to accomplish assigned missions, decision making under conditions of uncertainty when faced with a thinking and adaptive enemy, and the understanding of the effects of combat on Soldiers. (ADP 3-90)
assailable flank - A flank exposed to attack or envelopment.
(ADP 3-90)
assault echelon - (Army) The element of a force that is
scheduled for initial assault on the objective area. (FM 1-02.1)
assault position - A covered and concealed position short of the
objective from which final preparations are made to assault the objective. (ADP 3-90)
assault time - The moment to attack the initial objective
throughout the geographical scope of the operation. (ADP 3-90)
assembly area - (Army) An area a unit occupies to prepare for
an operation. (FM 3-90-1)
assembly line rigging - A method of mass rigging designed to
get the maximum amount of equipment rigged for airdrop in a minimum amount of time. (ATP 4-48)
assessment - (DOD) 1. A continuous process that measures the
overall effectiveness of employing joint force capabilities during military operations. Referenced in FM 1-05, FM 3-07, FM 3-24. 2, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-07.31. 2. Determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or achieving an objective. Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, FM 3-13, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, FM 6-0, FM 7-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-13, ATP 5-0.1, ATP 6-0.5, ATP 6-01.1. 3. Analysis of the security, effectiveness, and potential of an existing or planned intelligence activity. 4. Judgment of the motives, qualifications, and characteristics of present or prospective employees or "agents." (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-07, ATP 3-01.7.
assessor - Technical expert who can evaluate aircraft battle
damage. (ATP 3-04.13)
asset visibility - (DOD) Provides users with information on the
location, movement, status and identity of units, personnel, equipment, and supplies. Also called AV. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-35, ATP 4-0.1.
assign - (DOD) 1. To place units or personnel in an organization
where such placement is relatively permanent, and/or where such organization controls and administers the units or personnel for the primary function, or greater portion of the functions, of the unit or personnel. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0.
assumption - (DOD) A specific supposition of the operational
environment that is assumed to be true, in the absence of positive proof, essential for the continuation of planning. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 5-0.1.
assured mobility - A frameworkof processes, actions, and
capabilitiesthat assures the ability of a force to deploy, move, and maneuver where and when desired to achieve the commander's intent. (ATP 3-90.4)
attach - (DOD) 1. The placement of units or personnel in an
organization where such placement is relatively temporary. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.90.

attack - A type of offensive operation that destroys or defeats
enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both. (ADP 3-90)
attack by fire - A tactical mission task in which a commander
uses direct fires, supported by indirect fires, to engage an enemy force without closing with the enemy to destroy, suppress, fix, or deceive that enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
attack by fire position - The general position from which a unit
performs the tactical task of attack by fire. (ADP 3-90)
attack guidance matrix - A targeting product approved by the
commander, which addresses the how and when targets are engaged and the desired effects. Also called AGM. (ATP 3-60)
attack position - (Army) The last position an attacking force
occupies or passes through before crossing the line of departure. (ADP 3-90)
authentication - (DOD) 1. A security measure designed to
protect a communications system against acceptance of a fraudulent transmission or simulation by establishing the validity of a transmission, message, or originator. Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22, ATP 6-02.53. 2. A means of identifying individuals and verifying their eligibility to receive specific categories of information. Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22, ATP 6-02.53. 3. Evidence by proper signature or seal that a document is genuine and official. Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22, ATP 6-02.53. 4. In personnel recovery missions, the process whereby the identity of an isolated person is confirmed. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.3, ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22, ATP 6-02.53.
auxiliary - For the purpose of unconventional warfare, the
support element of the irregular organization whose organization and operations are clandestine in nature and whose members do not openly indicate their sympathy or involvement with the irregular movement. (ADP 3-05)
avenue of approach - (DOD) An air or ground route of an
attacking force of a given size leading to its objective or to key
terrain in its path. Also called AA. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 6-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4. (Army) A path used by an attacking force leading to its objective or to key terrain. Avenues of approach exist in all domains. (ADP 3-90)

axis of advance - (Army) The general area through which the
bulk of a unit's combat power must move. (ADP 3-90)
azimuth - A horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north
base line that could be true north, magnetic north, or grid north. (ATP 3-09.50)
azimuth of fire - The direction, expressed in mils, that a firing
unit is laid (oriented) on when it occupies a position. (ATP 3-09.50)
azimuth of the orienting line - The direction from the orienting
station to a designated end of the orienting line. (ATP 3-09.50)
back-azimuth - The direction equal to the azimuth plus or minus
3200 mils. (ATP 3-09.50)
backbrief - A briefing by subordinates to the commander to
review how subordinates intend to accomplish their mission. (FM 6-0)
ballistic missile - (DOD) Any missile which does not rely upon
aerodynamic surfaces to produce lift and consequently follows a ballistic trajectory when thrust is terminated. Also called BM. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.5.
banking support - The provision of cash, non-cash and
electronic commerce mechanisms necessary to support the theater procurement process and host nation banking infrastructure. (FM 1-06)
base - (DOD) 1. A locality from which operations are projected
or supported. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-14, FM 4-0, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-90.20, ATP 3-91, ATP 4-94.
base boundary - (DOD) A line that delineates the surface area of
a base for the purpose of facilitating coordination and deconfliction
of
operations
between
adjacent
units,
formations, or areas. (JP 3-10) Referenced in ATP 3-90.20.
base camp - An evolving military facility that supports that
military operations of a deployed unit and provides the necessary support and services for sustained operations. (ATP 3-37.10)
base cluster - (DOD) A collection of bases, geographically
grouped for mutual protection and ease of command and control . (JP 3-10) Referenced in ATP 3-17.2, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-90.20, ATP 3-91, ATP 4-93.
base cluster operations center - (DOD) A command and control
facility that serves as the base cluster commander's focal point for defense and security of the base cluster. Also called BCOC. (JP 3-10) Referenced in ATP 3-90.20.
base defense - (DOD) The local military measures, both normal
and emergency, required to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of enemy attacks on, or sabotage of, a base, to ensure that the maximum capacity of its facilities is available to United States forces. (JP 3-10) Referenced in ADP 3-37, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.20, ATP 3-91.
base defense operations center - (DOD) A command and
control facility established by the base commander to serve as the focal point for base security and defense. Also called BDOC. (JP 3-10) Referenced in ATP 3-90.20.
base defense operations - The combined activities of
counterintelligence, security, military police, emergency responders, antiterrorism and force protection working groups, and the commander to deny, disrupt, or counter foreign intelligence entities, insider, and other threats targeting United States bases and facilities. Also called BDO. (ATP 2-22.2-1)
basic load - (DOD) The quantity of supplies required to be on
hand within, and moved by a unit or formation, expressed according to the wartime organization of the unit or formation and maintained at the prescribed levels. (JP 4-09). Referenced
in ADP 3-90, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 4-35.

battalion - A unit consisting of two or more company-, battery-,
or troop-size units and a headquarters. (ADP 3-90)
battalion aid station - The forward-most medically staffed
treatment location organic to a maneuver battalion. (ATP 4-02.3)
battalion task force - A maneuver battalion-size unit consisting
of a battalion headquarters, at least one assigned companysize element, and at least one attached company-size element from another maneuver or support unit (functional and multifunctional). (ADP 3-90)
battery - A company-size unit in a field artillery or air defense
artillery battalion. (ADP 3-90)
battle - A set of related engagements that lasts longer and
involves larger forces than an engagement. (ADP 3-90)
battle damage assessment - (DOD) The estimate of damage
composed of physical and functional damage assessment, as well as target system assessment, resulting from the application of lethal or nonlethal military force. Also called BDA. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2.
battle drill - Rehearsed and well understood actions made in
response to common battlefield occurrences. (ADP 3-90)
battlefield coordination detachment - (DOD) An Army liaison
located in the air operations center that provides selected operational functions between the Army forces and the air component
commander.
Also
called
BCD.
(JP
3-03)
Referenced in FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-09.13, ATP 3-60.2.
battle handover line - A designated phase line where
responsibility transitions from the stationary force to the moving force and vice versa. Also called BHL. (ADP 3-90)
battle injury - (DOD) Damage or harm sustained by personnel
during or as a result of battle conditions. Also called BI. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 4-02.55.
battle management - (DOD) The management activities within
the operational environment based on the commands, direction, and guidance given by appropriate authority. Also called BM. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.3, ATP 3-52.2.
battle position - 1. A defensive location oriented on a likely
enemy avenue of approach. (ADP 3-90) 2. For attack helicopters, an area designated in which they can maneuver and fire into a designated engagement area or engage targets
of opportunity. Also called BP. (FM 1-02.1) See also airspace coordination area, **avenue of approach**.
battle rhythm - (DOD) A deliberate, daily schedule of command,
staff, and unit activities intended to maximize use of time and synchronize staff actions. (JP 3-33) Referenced in ADP 5-0, ATP 3-96.1. (Army) A deliberate cycle of command, staff, and unit activities intended to synchronize current and future operations. (FM 6-0)
beach capacity - The per day estimate expressed in terms of
measurement tons, weight tons, or cargo unloaded over a designated strip of shore. (ATP 4-13)
begin morning civil twilight - (DOD) The period of time at
which the sun is halfway between beginning morning and nautical twilight and sunrise, when there is enough light to see objects clearly with the unaided eye. Also called BMCT. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
begin morning nautical twilight - (DOD) The start of that
period where, in good conditions and in the absence of other illumination, the sun is 12 degrees below the eastern horizon and enough light is available to identify the general outlines of ground objects and conduct limited military operations. Also called BMNT. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
be-prepared mission - A mission assigned to a unit that might
be executed. (FM 6-0) See also **on-order mission**.
biological agent - (DOD) A microorganism (or a toxin derived
from it) that causes disease in personnel, plants, or animals or causes the deterioration of materiel. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-90.98.
biological hazard - (DOD) An organism, or substance derived
from an organism, that poses a threat to human or animal health. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20.
biometrics - (DOD) The process of recognizing an individual
based
on
measurable
anatomical,
physiological,
and
behavioral characteristics. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, ATP 2-22.82, ATP 3-55.4, ATP 3-90.15, ATP 3-90.98.
biometrics-enabled intelligence - (Army) Intelligence resulting
from the combination of biometric information with other intelligence, threat information, or information relating to other aspects of the operational environment in order to answer intelligence requirements. Also called BEI. (ATP 2-22.82)
blister agent - (DOD) A chemical agent that injures the eyes and
lungs, and burns or blisters the skin. Also called vesicant agent. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
block - A tactical mission task that denies the enemy access to an
area or prevents the enemy's advance in a direction or along an avenue of approach. Block is also an obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to stop an attacker along a specific avenue of approach or to prevent the attacking force from passing through an engagement area.
(FM 3-90-1) See also avenue of approach, contain, **disrupt**, fix, tactical mission task, **turn**.
blood agent - (DOD) A chemical compound, including the
cyanide group, that affects bodily functions by preventing the normal utilization of oxygen by body tissues. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 4-02.85.
blood chit - (DOD) A small sheet of material depicting an
American flag and a statement in several languages to the effect that anyone assisting the bearer to safety will be rewarded. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.22.
blue kill box - A fire support and airspace coordination measure
that facilitates attacking surface targets with air-to-surface
munitions without further coordination with the area of operations commander' headquarters. Also called BKB. (ATP 3-09.34)

board - A grouping of predetermined staff representatives with
delegated decision authority for a particular purpose or
function. (FM 6-0) See also working group, **battle rhythm**.
boost phase - (DOD) That portion of the flight of a ballistic
missile or space vehicle during which the booster and sustainer engines operate. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5.
boundary - (DOD) A line that delineates surface areas for the
purpose of facilitating coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.48, ATP 3-21.90.
bounding overwatch - A movement technique used when
contact with enemy forces is expected. The unit moves by bounds. One element is always halted in position to overwatch another element while it moves. The overwatching element is positioned to support the moving unit by fire or fire and movement. (FM 3-90-2)
box formation - A unit formation with subordinate elements
arranged in a box or square, or two elements up and two elements back. It is a flexible formation that provides equal firepower in all directions. It is generally used when the enemy location is known. This formation can cause 50 percent of force to be decisively engaged at the same time, therefore limiting the combat power available to maneuver against an
enemy. (FM 3-90-1) See also column formation, echelon formation.
branch - (DOD) 1. A subdivision of any organization. Referenced
in FM 3-07. 2. A geographically separate unit of an activity, which performs all or part of the primary functions of the parent activity on a smaller scale. Referenced in FM 3-07. 3. An arm or service of the Army. Referenced in FM 3-07. 4. The contingency options built into the base plan used for changing the mission, orientation, or direction of movement of a force to aid success of the operation based on anticipated events,
opportunities, or disruptions caused by enemy actions and reactions. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-07, ADP 5-0, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-01.16.

breach - 1. A tactical mission task in which the unit employs all
available means to break through or establish a passage through
an
enemy
defense,
obstacle,
minefield,
or
fortification. (FM 3-90-1) 2. Synchronized combined arms activity under the control of the maneuver commander conducted to allow maneuver through an obstacle. (ATP 3-90.4)
breach area - The area where a breaching operation occurs.
(ATP 3-90.4)
breakbulk ship - (DOD) A ship with conventional holds for
stowage of breakbulk cargo and a limited number of containers, below or above deck, and equipped with cargohandling gear. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
breakout - An operation conducted by an encircled force to
regain freedom of movement or contact with friendly units. (ADP 3-90)
breakpoint chlorination - The application of chlorine to water
containing free ammonia. (ATP 4-44)
breakthrough - A rupturing of the enemy's forward defenses
that occurs as a result of a penetration. A breakthrough permits the passage of an exploitation force. (FM 3-90-1) See
also attack, exploitation, **penetration**.
bridgehead - An area on the enemy's side of the linear obstacle
that is large enough to accommodate the majority of the crossing force, has adequate terrain to permit defense of the crossing sites, provides security of crossing forces from enemy direct fire, and provides a base for continuing the attack. (ATP 3-90.4)
bridgehead force - A force that assaults across a gap to secure
the enemy side (the bridgehead) to allow the buildup and passage of a breakout force during gap crossing. (ATP 3-90.4)
brigade - A unit consisting of two or more battalions and a
headquarters company or detachment. (ADP 3-90)

brigade combat team - (Army) A combined arms organization
consisting of a brigade headquarters, at least two maneuver battalions, and necessary supporting functional capabilities. Also called BCT. (ADP 3-90)
brigade support area - A designated area in which sustainment
elements locate to provide support to a brigade. Also called BSA. (ATP 4-90)
buffer zone - (DOD) 1. A defined area controlled by a peace
operations force from which disputing or belligerent forces have been excluded. Also called area of separation in some United Nations operations. Also called BZ. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
bypass - A tactical mission task in which the commander directs
the unit to maneuver around an obstacle, position, or enemy force to maintain the momentum of the operation while deliberately avoiding combat with an enemy force. (FM
3-90-1) See also **tactical mission task**.
bypass criteria - Measures established by higher echelon
headquarters that specify the conditions and size under which enemy units and contact may be avoided. (ADP 3-90)
cache - (DOD) A source of subsistence and supplies, typically
containing items such as food, water, medical items, and/or communications equipment, packaged to prevent damage from exposure and hidden in isolated locations by such methods as burial, concealment, and/or submersion, to support isolated personnel. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-50.10.
call for fire - A request for fire containing data necessary for
obtaining the required fire on a target. (FM 3-09)
call for fire zone - A radar search area from which the
commander wants to attack hostile firing systems. (FM 3-09)
call forward area - (Army) 1. In gap crossing, the final
preparations waiting area within the crossing area (Marine Corps) 2. The area at the departure airfield where plane loads are assembled in a ready condition before being directed to the loading ramp area. The joint inspection is conducted in this area. (ATP 3-90.4)

call sign - (DOD) Any combination of characters or
pronounceable words, which identifies a communication facility, a command, an authority, an activity, or a unit; used primarily for establishing and maintaining communications. Also called CS. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 6-02.53.
campaign - (DOD) A series of related major operations aimed at
achieving strategic and operational objectives within a given time and space. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 4-0, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-92.
campaign plan - (DOD) A joint operation plan for a series of
related major operations aimed at achieving strategic or operational objectives within a given time and space. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 6-0.
canalize - (Army) A tactical mission task in which the
commander restricts enemy movement to a narrow zone by exploiting terrain coupled with the use of obstacles, fires, or
friendly maneuver. (FM 3-90-1) See also tactical mission task.
capacity building - The process of creating an environment that
fosters host-nation institutional development, community participation,
human
resources
development,
and
strengthening of managerial systems. (FM 3-07)
captivity exploitation - The captor's effort to achieve its goals
and objectives through the use of propaganda, interrogation, legal justification, concessions, reprisal, indoctrination, and forced labor against captive individuals or groups. (ATP 3-50.20)
captured enemy documents and media - Any piece of recorded
information previously under enemy control regardless of its formwritten, printed, engraved, and photographic matter as
well as recorded media and media devicesthat pertains to the enemy, weather, or terrain that are under the U.S. Government's physical control and are not publicly available. (ATP 2-91.8)

carrier-owned containers - Containers owned or leased by the
ocean liner carrier for the movement of intermodal cargo. (ATP 4-12)
casualty - (DOD) Any person who is lost to the organization by
having
been
declared
dead,
duty
statuswhereabouts
unknown, missing, ill, or injured. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 4-02.2, ATP 4-02.10, ATP 4-02.55.
casualty collection point A location that may or may not be
staffed, where casualties are assembled for evacuation to a medical treatment facility. (ATP 4-02.2)
casualty evacuation - (DOD) The unregulated movement of
casualties that can include movement both to and between medical treatment facilities. Also called CASEVAC. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 4-01.45. (Army) Nonmedical units use this to refer to the movement of casualties aboard nonmedical vehicles or aircraft without en route medical care. (FM 4-02)
catastrophic event - (DOD) Any natural or man-made incident,
including terrorism, which results in extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, infrastructure, environment, economy, national morale, and/or government functions. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
cell - (DOD) A subordinate organization formed around a specific
process, capability, or activity within a designated larger organization of a joint force commander's headquarters. (JP 3-33) Referenced in ATP 3-92.
C-day - (DOD) The unnamed day on which a deployment
operation commences or is to commence. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 4-01, FM 6-0.
center of gravity - (DOD) The source of power that provides
moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or will to act. Also called COG. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0,
FM 3-24, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-92, ATP 5-0.1.

centralized control - (DOD) 1. In air defense, the control mode
whereby a higher echelon makes direct target assignments to fire units. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15.
censor zone - An area from which radar is prohibited from
reporting acquisitions. Normally placed around friendly weapon systems to prevent them from being acquired by friendly radars. (FM 3-09)
chain of command - (DOD) The succession of commanding
officers from a superior to a subordinate through which command is exercised. Also called command channel. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 6-0.
characteristic - A feature or quality that marks an organization
or function as distinctive or is representative of that organization or function. (ADP 1-01)
checkpoint - A predetermined point on the ground used to
control movement, tactical maneuver, and orientation. Also called CP. (ATP 3-50.20)
chemical agent - (DOD) A chemical substance that is intended
for use in military operations to kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate mainly through its physiological effects. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 4-02.85.
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense
(DOD)
Measures
taken
to
minimize
or
negate
the
vulnerabilities and/or effects of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear hazard incident. Also called CBRN defense. (JP 3-11) Referenced in FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 4-02.84.
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environment
- (DOD) An operational environment that includes chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards and their
potential
resulting
effects.
Also
called
CBRN
environment. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ADP 3-37, FM 3-96, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-11.32, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives
Components that are threats or potential hazards with adverse effects in the operational environment. Also called CBRNE. (ATP 3-37.11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazard
(DOD)
Chemical,
biological,
radiological,
and
nuclear
elements that could create adverse effects due to an accidental or deliberate release and dissemination. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20.
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear operations
Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear operations include the employment of capabilities that assess, protect against, and mitigate the entire range of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incidents to enable freedom of action. (FM 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear passive
defense - Measures taken to prevent, minimize or negate the
vulnerability to, and effects of, chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear threats and hazards. Also called CBRN passive defense. (ATP 3-11.32)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear protection
Measures taken to keep chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards from having an adverse effect on personnel, equipment, and facilities. Also called CBRN protection. (ATP 3-11.32)
chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident
(DOD) Any occurrence, resulting from the use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons and devices; the emergence of secondary hazards arising from friendly actions; or the release of toxic industrial materials or biological organisms and substances into the environment, involving the emergence of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards . (JP 3-11) Referenced in ADP 3-28, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 4-02.3.
chemical,
biological,
radiological,
or
nuclear
sample
management - Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear
sample management is the process whereby chemical,
biological, radiological, or nuclear samples are collected, packaged, transported, stored, transferred, analyzed, tracked, and disposed. It begins with the decision to collect chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear samples and continues to the reporting of information produced by the final analysis of that sample.

This process includes safeguarding and prioritizing chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear samples, tracking their movements and analytical status, and reporting the end result of sample analysis. The chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear sample management process establishes procedures, guidelines, and constraints at staff and unit levels to protect and preserve the integrity of chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear samples that may have tactical, operational, and/or strategic implications. (ATP 3-11.37)

chemical hazard - (DOD) Any chemical manufactured, used,
transported, or stored that can cause death or other harm through toxic properties of those materials, including chemical agents and chemical weapons prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention as well as toxic industrial chemicals. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-21.10, ATP 4-02.85.
chemical warfare - (DOD) All aspects of military operations
involving the employment of lethal and incapacitating chemical munitions/agents and the warning and protective measures associated with such offensive operations . Also called CW. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 4-02.85.
chemical weapon - (DOD) Together or separately, (a) a toxic
chemical and its precursors, except when intended for a purpose not prohibited under the chemical Weapons Convention; (b) a munition or device, specifically designed to cause death or other harm through toxic properties of those chemicals specified in (a), above, which would be released as a result of the employment of such munition or device; (c) any equipment specifically designed for use directly in connection with the employment of munitions or devices specified in (b), above. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
chief of fires - The senior fires staff officer at echelons above corps who advises the commander on the best use of available fires resources, and provides input to necessary orders. (ADP 3-19)

chief of mission - (DOD) The principal officer in charge of a
diplomatic facility of the United States, including any individual temporarily assigned to be in charge of such a facility. Also called COM. (JP 3-08) Referenced in FM 3-53.
chief train dispatcher - Supervises train movement, reroutes rail
traffic in emergencies, determines train tonnage, orders motive power, determines rail line capacity, and establishes train movement priority. (ATP 4-14)
choking agent - A chemical warfare agent which produces
irritation to the eyes and upper respiratory tract and damage to the lungs, primarily causing pulmonary edema. Also known
as lung-damaging agent. (ATP 4-02.85) civil administration
- (DOD) An administration established by a foreign government in (1) friendly territory, under an agreement with the government of the area concerned, to exercise certain authority normally the function of the local government; or (2) hostile territory, occupied by United States forces, where a foreign government exercises executive, legislative, and judicial authority until an indigenous civil government can be established. Also called CA. (JP 3-05) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80.
civil affairs - (DOD) Designated Active and Reserve Component
forces and units organized, trained, and equipped specifically to conduct civil affairs operations and to support civil-military operations. Also called CA. (JP 3-57) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-18, FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80.
civil affairs activities - Activities specifically planned, executed,
and assessed by civil affairs forces, that support the commander in order to synchronize, coordinate, and integrate indigenous populations and institutions, unified action partners, and interagency. Also called CAA. (FM 3-57)
civil affairs operations - (DOD) Actions planned, coordinated,
executed, and assessed to enhance awareness of, and manage the interaction with, the civil component of the operational environment; identify and mitigate underlying causes of instability within civil society; and/or involve the application of functional specialty skills normally the responsibility of civil government . Also called CAO. (JP 3-57) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-07, FM 3-18, FM 3-57, ATP 1-06.2, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80.
civil affairs operations project management - The six step
process by which civil affairs forces identify, validate, plan, coordinate, facilitate, and monitor both material and nonmaterial civil affairs operations projects to achieve a supported commander's objectives relating to the civil component of the operational environment. (FM 3-57)
civil affairs operations staff support - Planning and execution
of civil affairs activities, civil affairs supported activities, and military government operations that are accomplished to enhance the commander's understand decision making, and leadership in order to achieve unified action and to accomplish missions. (FM 3-57)
civil affairs supported activities - Activities in which civil
affairs plays a key planning, coordinating or synchronizing role, but for which they are not the proponent or primary
executor. Also called CASA. (FM 3-57) **civil assistance**
Assistance, based on a commander's decision, in which lifesustaining services are provided, order is maintained, and/or goods and services are distributed within the commander's assigned area of operations. (FM 3-57)
civil augmentation program - (DOD) Standing, long-term
external support contacts designed to augment Service logistic capabilities with contract support in both preplanned and short notice contingencies. Also called CAP. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
civil authorities - (DOD) Those elected and appointed officers
and employees who constitute the government of the United States, the governments of the 50 states, the District of
Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, insular areas, and political subdivisions thereof. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28, FM 3-53, ATP 2-91.7.

civil authority information support - (DOD) The use of
military information support operations capabilities to conduct public information dissemination activities to support national security or disaster relief operations within the United States and its territories in support of a lead federal agency. Also called CAIS. (JP 3-13.2) Referenced in FM 3-53.
civil considerations - The influence of manmade infrastructure,
civilian institutions, and attitudes and activities of the civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within an area of operations on the conduct of military operations. (ADP 6-0)
civil engagement - A deliberate or spontaneous activity or
interaction between civil affairs forces and nonmilitary individuals or entities, designed to build relationships; reduce or eliminate civil interference and causes of instability; gather, confirm, or deny information; foster legitimacy, or promote cooperation and unified action. Also called CE. (FM 3-57)
civilian internee - (DOD) A civilian who is interned during
armed conflict, occupation, or other military operation for security reasons, for protection, or because he or she committed an offense against the detaining power. Also called CI. (DODD 2310.01E) Referenced in FM 6-27.
civil information - (DOD) Relevant data relating to the civil
areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events of the civil component of the operational environment used to support the situational awareness of the supported commander. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.70.
civil information management - (DOD) Process whereby data
relating to the civil component of the operational environment is gathered, collated, processed, analyzed, produced into information products, and disseminated. Also called CIM. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.70.
civil liaison team - Provides limited civil-military interface
capability as a spoke for exchange of information between indigenous populations and institutions, intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and other governmental agencies, and has limited capability to link resources to prioritized requirements. Also called CLT. (FM 3-57)

civil-military engagement - A formal USSOCOM program that
facilitates
the
interagency,
host
nation
authorities,
intergovernmental and nongovernmental partners, and the private sector to establish, sustain, or enhance civil capabilities and capacities that mitigate or eliminate civil vulnerabilities to local and regional populations. Also called CME. (FM 3-57)
civil-military operations - (DOD) Activities of a commander
performed by designated military forces that establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between military forces and indigenous populations and institutions by directly supporting the achievement of objectives relating to the reestablishment or maintenance of stability within a region or host nation. Also called CMO. (JP 3-57) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ADP 3-90, FM 2-0, FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 6-0.5.
civil-military operations center (DOD) An organization,
normally comprised of civil affairs, established to plan and facilitate coordination of activities of the Armed Forces of the United States within indigenous populations and institutions, the
private
sector,
international
organizations,
nongovernmental organizations, multinational forces, and other governmental agencies in support of the commander. Also called CMOC. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70.
civil-military support element - A tasked-organized civil affairs
force established to plan, facilitate, and execute civil affairs operations in support of civil-military engagement in a specified country, region, or theater. Also called CMSE. (FM 3-57)
civil reconnaissance - (DOD) A targeted, planned, and
coordinated observation and evaluation of specific civil aspects of the environment such as areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, or events. Also called CR. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70.

Civil Reserve Air Fleet - (DOD) A program in which the
Department of Defense contracts for the services of specific aircraft, owned by a United States entity or citizen, during national emergencies and defense-oriented situations when expanded civil augmentation of military airlift activity is required. Also called CRAF. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01.
clandestine operation - (DOD) An operation sponsored or
conducted by governmental departments or agencies in such a way as to assure secrecy or concealment. (JP 3-05) Referenced in FM 3-18, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-53.1.
classes of supply - (DOD) The ten categories into which supplies
are grouped to facilitate supply management and planning. I. Rations and gratuitous issue of health, morale, and welfare items. II. Clothing, individual equipment, tentage, tool sets, and administrative and housekeeping supplies and equipment. III. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants. IV. Construction materials. V. Ammunition. VI. Personal demand items. VII. Major end items, including tanks, helicopters, and radios. VIII. Medical. IX. Repair parts and components for equipment maintenance. X. Nonstandard items to support nonmilitary programs such as agriculture and economic development. See also petroleum,
oils, and lubricants. (JP 4-09) [*Note.* Army doctrine also
includes a miscellaneous category comprising water, captured enemy material, and salvage material.] Referenced in ADP 4-0, ATP 3-35.
clear - A tactical mission task that requires the commander to
remove all enemy forces and eliminate organized resistance
within an assigned area. (FM 3-90-1) See also reduce, tactical mission task.
clearance of fires - The process by which the supported
commander ensures that fires or their effects will have no unintended consequences on friendly units or the scheme of maneuver. (FM 3-09)
clearing - A mobility task that involves the elimination or
neutralization of an obstacle that is usually performed by follow-on engineers and is not done under fire. (ATP 3-90.4)
close air support - (DOD Air action by Aircraft against hostile
targets that are in close proximity to friendly forces and that require detailed integration of each Air mission with the fire and movement of those forces. Also called CAS. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-99, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-20.97, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.18, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-91.1, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-01.45.
close area - The portion of the commander's area of operations
where the majority of subordinate maneuver forces conduct close combat. (ADP 3-0)
close combat - Warfare carried out on land in a direct-fire fight,
supported by direct and indirect fires, and other assets. (ADP 3-0)
close quarters battle - Sustained combative tactics, techniques,
and procedures employed by small, highly trained special operations forces using special purpose weapons, munitions, and demolitions to recover specified personnel, equipment, or material. (ADP 3-05)
close support - (DOD) That action of the supporting force
against targets or objectives which are sufficiently near the supported force as to require detailed integration or coordination of the supporting action. (JP 3-31) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0.
code word - (DOD) 1. A word that has been assigned a
classification and a classified meaning to safeguard intentions and information regarding a classified plan or operation. Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22. 2. A cryptonym used to identify sensitive intelligence data. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
collaborative planning - Two or more echelons planning
together in real time, sharing information, perceptions, and ideas to develop their respective plans simultaneously. (ADP 5-0)
collateral damage - (DOD) A form of collateral effect that causes
unintentional or incidental injury or damage to persons or objects that would not be lawful military targets in the circumstances ruling at the time. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 6-27, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2.
collection - (DOD) In intelligence usage, the acquisition of
information and the provision of this information to processing elements. (JP 2-01) Referenced in ADP 2-0.
collection management - (DOD) In intelligence usage, the
process of converting intelligence requirements into collection requirements, establishing priorities, tasking or coordinating with appropriate collection sources or agencies, monitoring results, and retasking, as required. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6.
collection point(s) (patient or casualty) - A specific location
where casualties are assembled to be transported to a medical treatment facility. It is usually predesignated and may or may not be staffed. (FM 4-02)
collective protection - (DOD) The protection provided to a
group of individuals that permits relaxation of individual chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear protection. Also called COLPRO. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11.
column formation - The column formation is a combat
formation in which elements are placed one behind the other. (FM 3-90-1)
combat assessment - (DOD) The determination of the overall
effectiveness of force employment during military operations. Also called CA. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-92.
combat and operational stress control - A coordinated
program for the prevention of and actions taken by military leadership to prevent, identify, and manage adverse combat and operational stress reactions in units. (FM 4-02)
combatant command - (DOD) A unified or specified command
with a broad continuing mission under a single commander established and so designated by the President, through the
Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also called CCMD. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 3-0, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-34.84.

combatant
command
(command
authority)
-
(DOD)
Nontransferable command authority, which cannot be delegated, of a combatant commander to perform those functions of command over assigned forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces; assigning tasks;
designating
objectives;
and
giving
authoritative
direction over all aspects of military operations, joint training, and logistics necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the command. Also called COCOM. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 4-43.
combatant commander - (DOD) A commander of one of the
unified or specified combatant commands established by the President. Also called CCDR. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-53, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-90.20.
combatant command historian - The senior joint historian with
overall staff responsibility for developing historical policy and plans for the combatant command and executing joint historical operations within the combatant command's area of responsibility. (ATP 1-20)
combat camera - (DOD) Specially-trained expeditionary forces
from Service-designated units capable of providing highquality directed visual information during military operations. Also called COMCAM. (JP 3-61) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31, ATP 6-02.40.
combat identification - (DOD) The process of attaining an
accurate
characterization
of
detected
objects
in
the
operational environment sufficient to support an engagement decision. Also called CID. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.1.
combat information - (DOD) Unevaluated data, gathered by or
provided directly to the tactical commander which, due to its highly perishable nature or the criticality of the situation, cannot be processed into tactical intelligence in time to satisfy
the user's tactical intelligence requirements. (JP 2-01) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ADP 3-90, FM 2-0, FM 3-96, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-55.4.

combat lifesaver - A nonmedical Soldier trained to provide
enhanced first aid as a secondary mission. Normally, one member of each squad, team, or crew is trained. (FM 4-02)
combat load - The minimum mission-essential equipment and
supplies as determined by the commander responsible for carrying out the mission, required for Soldiers to fight and survive immediate combat operations. (FM 4-40)
combat outpost - A reinforced observation post capable of
conducting limited combat operations. (FM 3-90-2)
combat patrol - A patrol that provides security and harasses,
destroys,
or
captures
enemy
troops,
equipment,
or
installations. (ATP 3-21.8)
combat power - (DOD) The total means of destruction and/or
disruptive force which a military unit/formation can apply against the opponent at a given time. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-07, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-90.98. (Army) The total means of destructive, constructive, and information capabilities that a military unit or formation can apply at a given time. (ADP 3-0)
combat search and rescue - (DOD) The tactics, techniques, and
procedures performed by forces to effect the recovery of isolated personnel during combat. Also called CSAR. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-50.10.
combination yard - Yard that is a combination of receiving,
classifying, and departure facilities. (ATP 4-14)
combined
arms
-
The
synchronized
and
simultaneous
application of arms to achieve an effect greater than if each arm was used separately or sequentially. (ADP 3-0)
combined arms team - (DOD) The full integration and
application of two or more arms or elements of one Service into an operation. (JP 3-18) Referenced in ATP 3-01.81.
command - (DOD) 1. The authority that a commander in the
armed forces lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. Referenced in ADP 6-0, ADP 6-22, ADP 3-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-96.1. 2. An order given by a commander. Also called CMD. (JP-1). Referenced in FM 3-07.

command and control - (DOD) The exercise of authority and
direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Also called C2. (JP 1). Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, ADP 6-22, FM 3-07, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-20.98, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-96.1.
command and control system - (DOD) The facilities,
equipment, communications, procedures, and personnel essential for a commander to plan, direct, and control operations of forces pursuant to the missions assigned. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 3-52.2. (Army) The arrangement of people, processes, networks, and command posts that enable commanders to conduct operations. (ADP 6-0)
command and control warfighting function - The related tasks
and a system that enable commanders to synchronize and converge all elements of power. (ADP 3-0)
commander's communication synchronization - (DOD) A
process to coordinate and synchronize narratives, themes, messages, images, operations, and actions to ensure their integrity and consistency to the lowest tactical level across all relevant communication activities. Also called CCS. (JP 3-61) Referenced in FM 3-13.
commander's critical information requirement - (DOD) An
information requirement identified by the commander as being critical to facilitating timely decision making. Also called CCIR. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, FM 3-13, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 4-40, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-22.9, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-20.98, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.4, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-93.
commander's intent - (DOD) A clear and concise expression of
the purpose of the operation and the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commander's desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as planned . (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, ADP 3-28, FM 3-07, FM 3-09, FM 3-13, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-94.
commander's visualization - The mental process of developing
situational understanding, determining desired end state, and envisioning an operational approach by which the force will achieve that end state. (ADP 6-0)
command group - The commander and selected staff members
who assist the commander in controlling operations away from a command post. (FM 6-0)
command post - A unit headquarters where the commander and
staff perform their activities. Also called CP. (FM 6-0)
command post cell - A grouping of personnel and equipment
organized by warfighting function or by planning horizon to facilitate the exercise of mission command. (FM 6-0)
command
relationships
-
(DOD)
The
interrelated
responsibilities between commanders, as well as the operational authority exercised by commanders in the chain of command. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-52.2.
committed force - A force in contact with an enemy or deployed
on a specific mission or course of action, which precludes its employment elsewhere. (ADP 3-90)
common control - The horizontal and vertical map or chart
location of points in the target and position area, tied in with the horizontal and vertical control in use by two or more units. (ATP 3-09.02)
common deflection - The deflection, which may vary based on
the weapon's sight system, corresponding to the firing unit's azimuth of fire. (ATP 3-09.50)
common grid - Refers to all firing and target-locating elements
within a unified command located and oriented, to prescribed accuracies, with respect to a single three-dimensional datum. (ATP 3-09.02)
common operational picture - (DOD) A single identical display
of relevant information shared by more than one command that facilitates collaborative planning and assists all echelons to achieve situational awareness. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 2-22.7, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-52.2. (Army) A display of relevant information within a commander's area of interest tailored to the user's requirements and based on common data and information shared by more than one command. Also called COP. (ADP 6-0)
common sensor boundary - A line (depicted by a series of grid
coordinates, grid line, phase line or major terrain feature) established by the force counterfire headquarters that divides target acquisition search areas into radar acquisition management areas. (FM 3-09)
common tactical picture - (DOD) An accurate and complete
display of relevant tactical data that integrates tactical information from the multi-tactical data link network, ground network, intelligence network, and sensor networks. Also called CTP. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15.
common-user land transportation - (DOD) Point-to-point land
transportation service operated by a single Service for common use by two or more Services. Also called CULT. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in ATP 3-35, ATP 4-0.1.
common-user logistics - (DOD) Materiel or service support
shared with or provided by two or more Services, Department of Defense agencies, or multinational partners to another Service, Department of Defense agency, non-Department of Defense agency, and/or multinational partner in an operation. Also called CUL. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 4-0, ATP 3-93, ATP 4-93.
communications intelligence - (DOD) Technical information
and intelligence derived from foreign communications by other than the intended recipients. Also called COMINT (JP
2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0.

communications network - (DOD) An organization of stations
capable of intercommunications, but not necessarily on the same channel. Also called COMNET. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 6-02.53.
communications security - (DOD) Actions designed to deny
unauthorized persons information of value by safeguarding access to, or observation of, equipment, material, and documents with regard to the possession and study of telecommunications or to purposely mislead unauthorized persons in their interpretation of the results of such possession and study. Also called COMSEC. (JP 6-0) Referenced in FM 6-02, ATP 3-05.60, ATP 6-02.2, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.75.
company - A unit consisting of two or more platoons, usually of
the same type, with a headquarters and a limited capacity for self-support. (ADP 3-90)
company team - A combined arms organization formed by
attaching one or more nonorganic armor, mechanized infantry, Stryker infantry, or light infantry platoons to a tank, mechanized infantry, Stryker, or infantry company either in exchange for, or in addition to its organic platoons. (ADP 3-90)
competing observable - (DOD) Within military deception, any
observable that contradicts the deception story, casts doubt on, or diminishes the impact of one or more required or supporting observables. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
complex catastrophe - (DOD) Any natural or man-made
incident, including cyberspace attack, power grid failure, and terrorism, which results in cascading failures of multiple, interdependent, critical, life-sustaining infrastructure sectors and causes extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, environment, economy, public health, national morale, response efforts, and/or government functions . (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
complex terrain - A geographical area consisting of an urban
center larger than a village and/or of two or more types of restrictive terrain or environmental conditions occupying the same space. (ATP 3-34.80)

comprehensive approach - An approach that integrates the
cooperative efforts of the departments and agencies of the United
States
Government,
intergovernmental
and
nongovernmental organizations, multinational partners, and private sector entities to achieve unity of effort toward a shared goal. (FM 3-07)
comprehensive dental care - Dental treatment to restore and/or
maintain a Soldier's optimal oral health, function, and aesthetics. (ATP 4-02.19)
concealment - Protection from observation or surveillance. (FM
3-96)
concept of operations - (DOD) A verbal or graphic statement
that clearly and concisely expresses what the joint force commander intends to accomplish and how it will be done using available resources. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-07, ATP 3-52.2, FM 3-53, FM 3-90-1, FM 6-05. (Army) A statement that directs the manner in which subordinate units cooperate to accomplish the mission and establishes the sequence of actions the force will use to achieve the end state. (ADP 5-0) See also commander's intent, operation plan.
concept plan - (DOD) An operation plan in an abbreviated
format that may require considerable expansion or alteration to convert it into a complete operation plan or operation order. Also called CONPLAN. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0.
conduits - (DOD) Within military deception, information or
intelligence gateways to the deception target, such as foreign intelligence entities, intelligence collection platforms, opensource intelligence, and foreign and domestic news media. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
configuration management - (DOD) A discipline applying
technical and administrative direction and surveillance to: (1) identify
and
document
the
functional
and
physical
characteristics of a configuration item, (2) control changes to those characteristics, and (3) record and report changes to
processing and implementation status. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 6-02.71.

confined space - An area large enough and so configured that a
member can bodily enter and perform assigned work, but which has limited or restricted means for entry and exit and is not designed for continuous human occupancy. (ATP 3-11.23)
confirmation brief - A brief subordinate leaders give to the
higher commander immediately after the operation order is given to confirm understanding. (ADP 5-0) See also
commander's intent, **operation order**.
conflict prevention - (DOD) A peace operation employing
complementary diplomatic, civil, and, when necessary, military means, to monitor and identify the causes of conflict, and take timely action to prevent the occurrence, escalation, or resumption of hostilities. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
conflict transformation - The process of reducing the means
and motivations for violent conflict while developing more viable, peaceful alternatives for the competitive pursuit of political and socio-economic aspirations. (FM 3-07)
consolidate gains - Activities to make enduring any temporary
operational success and to set the conditions for a sustainable security environment, allowing for a transition of control to other legitimate authorities. (ADP 3-0)
consolidation - Organizing and strengthening in newly captured
position so that it can be used against the enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
consolidation area - The portion of the land commander's area
of operations that may be designated to facilitate freedom of action, consolidate gains through decisive action, and set conditions to transition the area of operations to follow on forces or other legitimate authorities. (ADP 3-0)
constraint - (Army) A restriction placed on the command by a
higher command. A constraint dictates an action or inaction, thus restricting the freedom of action a subordinate commander. (FM 6-0)
contact point - (DOD) 1. In land warfare, a point on the terrain,
easily identifiable, where two or more units are required to make contact. Also called CP. (JP 3-50) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1.
contact procedure - (DOD) Predesignated actions taken by
isolated personnel and recovery forces that permit link-up between the two parties in hostile territory. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
contain - A tactical mission task that requires the commander to
stop, hold, or surround enemy forces or to cause them to center their activity on a given front and prevent them from withdrawing any part of their forces for use elsewhere. (FM 3-90-1)
container - (DOD) An article of transport equipment that meets
American
National
Standards
Institute/International
Organization for Standardization standards that is designed to facilitate and optimize the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transportation without intermediate handling of the contents. (JP 4-01) Referenced in FM 4-01.
container control officer - (DOD) A designated official (E-6 or
above or civilian equivalent) within a command, installation, or activity who is responsible for control, reporting, use, and maintenance of all Department of Defense-owned and - controlled intermodal containers and equipment from the time received until dispatched. Also called CCO. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 4-12.
container management - The process of establishing and
maintaining visibility and accountability of all cargo containers moving within the Defense Transportation System. (ADP 4-0)
contamination - (DOD) 1. The deposit, absorption, or adsorption
of radioactive material, or of biological or chemical agents on or by structures, areas, personnel, or objects. 2. Food and/or water made unfit for consumption by humans or animals because of the presence of environmental chemicals, radioactive elements, bacteria or organisms, the byproduct or the growth of bacteria or organisms, the decomposing
material (to include the food substance itself), or waste in the food or water. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.84, ATP 4-44.

contamination control - (DOD) A combination of preparatory
and responsive measures designed to limit the vulnerability of forces to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and toxic industrial hazards and to avoid, contain, control exposure to, and, where possible, neutralize them. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.84.
contamination mitigation - (DOD) The planning and actions
taken to prepare for, respond to, and recover from contamination associated with all chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards in order to continue military operations. (JP 3-11) Referenced in FM 3-11, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
contiguous area of operations - An area of operations where all
of a commander's subordinate forces' areas of operations share one or more common boundary. (FM 3-90-1) See also
area of operations, **boundary**.
contingency - (DOD) A situation requiring military operations in
response to natural disasters, terrorists, subversives, or as otherwise directed by appropriate authority to protect United States interests. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 3-90.20.
continental
system
-
A
diesel
or
electric
locomotive
classification system that uses letters and figures to identify them by their axles. (ATP 4-14)
continuity - The uninterrupted provision of sustainment across
all levels of war. (ADP 4-0)
continuity of care - Attempt to maintain the role of care during
movement between roles at least equal to the role of care at the originating role. (FM 4-02)
continuous tractive effort - The effort required to keep a train
rolling after it has started. Also called CTE. (ATP 4-14)
contracting officer - (DOD) A Service member or Department of
Defense civilian with the legal authority to enter into, administer, modify, and/or terminate contracts. (JP 4-10)
Referenced in ATP 1-06.2, ATP 4-10.

contracting officer's representative - (DOD) An individual
designated in writing by the contracting officer to perform specific technical or administrative functions. Also called COR. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
contracting support operations - The staff section that oversees
contracting operations and leads external coordination efforts. Also called CSPO. (ATP 4-92)
contractor management - (DOD) The oversight and integration
of contractor personnel and associated equipment in support of military operations. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ADP 4-0, ATP 4-10.
contractors authorized to accompany the force - (DOD)
Contractor employees and all tiers of subcontractor employees who are authorized to accompany the force in applicable contingency operations outside of the United States and have afforded such status through the issuance of a letter of authorization. Also called CAAF. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 3-50.20, ATP 4-10.
contract
support
integration
-
(DOD)
The
planning,
coordination, and synchronization of contracted support in military operations. (JP 4-10) See ADP 4-0.
control - 1. The regulation of forces and warfighting functions to
accomplish the mission in accordance with the commander's intent. (ADP 6-0) 2. A tactical mission task that requires the commander to maintain physical influence over a specified area to prevent its use by an enemy or to create conditions necessary for successful friendly operations. (FM 3-90-1) 3. An action taken to eliminate a hazard or reduce its risk. (ATP 5-19)
controlled supply rate - The rate of ammunition consumption
that can be supported, considering availability, facilities, and transportation. It is expressed in rounds per unit, individual, or vehicle per day. (ATP 3-09.23)
control measure - A means of regulating forces or warfighting
functions. (ADP 6-0)
conventional forces - (DOD) 1. Those forces capable of
conducting operations using nonnuclear weapons; 2. Those forces other than designated special operations forces. Also called CF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-53, FM 6-05, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-53.2.
convoy - (DOD) 2. A group of vehicles organized for the purpose
of control and orderly movement with or without escort protection that moves over the same route at the same time and under one commander. (JP 3-02) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-18.14, ATP 4-01.45.
convoy escort - (DOD) 2. An escort to protect a convoy of
vehicles from being scattered, destroyed, or captured. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in ATP 4-01.45.
convoy security - A specialized area security task conducted to
protect convoys. (ATP 3-91)
coordinated fire line - (DOD) A line beyond which conventional
surface-to-surface direct fire and indirect fire support means may fire at any time within the boundaries of the establishing headquarters without additional coordination but does not eliminate the responsibility to coordinate the airspace required to conduct the mission. Also called CFL. (JP 3-09) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-21.90.
coordinating altitude - (DOD) An airspace coordinating
measure that uses altitude to separate users and as the transition between different airspace control elements. Also called CA. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-91.1.
coordinating authority - (DOD) A commander or individual
who has the authority to require consultation between the specific functions or activities involving forces of two or more Services, joint force components, or forces of the same Service or agencies but does not have the authority to compel agreement. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-0.
coordination level - (DOD) A procedural method to separate
fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft by determining an altitude below which fixed-wing aircraft normally will not fly. Also
called CL. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ADP 3-90, ATP 3-21.90.

cordon and search - A technique of conducting a movement to
contact that involves isolating a target area and searching suspect locations within that target area to capture or destroy possible enemy forces and contraband. (FM 3-90-1)
cordon security - The security provided between two combat
outposts positioned to provide mutual support. (ATP 3-91)
core competency - An essential and enduring capability that a
branch or an organization provides to Army operations. (ADP 1-01)
corps - An echelon of command and tactical formation that
employs divisions, multi-functional brigades, and functional brigades to achieve objectives on land. (ADP 3-90)
counterair - (DOD) A mission at the theater level that integrates
offensive and defensive operations to attain and maintain a desired degree of control of the air and protection by neutralizing or destroying enemy aircraft and missiles, both before and after launch. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-01, FM 3-09, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15.
counterattack - Attack by part or all of a defending force against
an enemy attacking force, for such specific purposes as regaining ground lost, or cutting off or destroying enemy advance units, and with the general objective of denying to the enemy the attainment of the enemy's purpose in attacking. In sustained defensive operations, it is undertaken to restore the battle position and is directed at limited objectives. (FM 1-02.1)
counterdeception - (DOD) Efforts to negate, neutralize, diminish
the effects of, or gain advantage from a foreign deception operation. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
counterfire - (DOD) Fire intended to destroy or neutralize enemy
weapons. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-09.12, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42.
countering weapons of mass destruction - (DOD) Efforts
against actors of concern to curtail the conceptualization,
development, possession, proliferation, use, and effects of weapons of mass destruction, related expertise, materials, technologies, and means of delivery. Also called CWMD. (JP 3-40) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-11, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.

counterinsurgency - (DOD) Comprehensive civilian and military
efforts designed to simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes. Also called COIN. (JP 3-24) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ADP 3-07, FM 3-05, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 3-57, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 4-14.
counterintelligence - (DOD) Information gathered and activities
conducted to identify, deceive, exploit, disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons or their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities. Also called CI. (JP 2-01.2) Referenced in FM 2-0, FM 3-16, ATP 2-22.2-1, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-96.1.
countermeasures - (DOD) That form of military science that, by
the employment of devices and/or techniques, has as its objective the impairment of the operational effectiveness of enemy activity. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
countermobility operations - (DOD) The construction of
obstacles and emplacement of minefields to delay, disrupt, and destroy the enemy by reinforcement of the terrain. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 3-90.8, ATP 3-92. (Army/Marine Corps) Those combined arms activities that use or enhance the effects of natural and man-made obstacles to deny enemy freedom of movement and maneuver. (ATP 3-90.8) See also
destroy, **disrupt**.
counterpreparation fire - Intensive prearranged fire delivered
when the imminence of the enemy attack is discovered. (FM 3-09)
counterproductive leadership - The demonstration of leader
behaviors that violate one or more of the Army's core leader competencies or Army Values, preventing a climate conducive
to mission accomplishment. (ADP 6-22)

counterproliferation - (DOD) Those actions taken to reduce the
risks posed by extant weapons of mass destruction to the United States, allies, and partners. Also called CP. (JP 3-40) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-53, ATP 3-05.2.
counterreconnaissance
-
A
tactical
mission
task
that
encompasses all measures taken by a commander to counter enemy
reconnaissance
and
surveillance
efforts.
Counterreconnaissance is not a distinct mission, but a component of all forms of security operations. (FM 3-90-1)
See also **tactical mission task**.
counterterrorism - (DOD) Activities and operations taken to
neutralize terrorists and their organizations and networks in order to render them incapable of using violence to instill fear and coerce governments or societies to achieve their goals. Also called CT. (JP 3-26) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-53, ATP 3-75.
country container authority - The appointed staff element that
is
responsible
for
enforcement
of
theater
container
management policy and procedures established by the combatant commander. (ATP 4-12)
country team (DOD) The senior, in-country, United States
coordinating and supervising body, headed by the chief of the United States diplomatic mission, and composed of the senior member of each represented United States department or agency, as desired by the chief of the United States diplomatic mission. (JP 3-07.4) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-96.1.
course of action - (DOD) 1. Any sequence of activities that an
individual or unit may follow. Referenced in ATP 3-01.81. 2. A scheme developed to accomplish a mission. Also called COA. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 3-01.85, ATP 5-0.1.
cover - (Army) 1. Protection from the effects of fires. (FM 3-96)
2. A type of security operation done independent of the main body to protect them by fighting to gain time while
preventing enemy ground observation of and direct fire against the main body. (ADP 3-90)

covered approach - 1. Any route that offers protection against
enemy fire. 2. An approach made under the protection furnished by other forces or by natural cover. (FM 1-02.1) See
also **cover**.
covering force - (Army) A self-contained force capable of
operating independently of the main body, unlike a screen or guard force to conduct the cover task. (FM 3-90-2)
covering force area - The area forward of the forward edge of
the battle area out to the forward positions initially assigned to the covering forces. It is here that the covering forces
execute assigned tasks. (FM 3-90-2) See also **covering force**, forward edge of the battle area.
covert crossing - A planned crossing of an inland water obstacle
or other gap that is intended to be undetected. (ATP 3-90.4)
covert operation - (DOD) An operation that is so planned and
executed as to conceal the identity of or permit plausible denial by the sponsor. (JP 3-05) Referenced in FM 3-18, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-18.4.
crew - A small military unit that consists of all personnel
operating a particular system. (ADP 3-90)
crime analysis - The systematic examination and interpretation
of police information to determine when, where, and why crime, disorder, fear of crime, and other destabilizing events occur in specific places. (FM 3-39)
crime prevention - A direct crime control method that applies to
efforts to reduce criminal opportunity, protect potential human victims, and prevent property loss by anticipating, recognizing, and appraising crime risk and initiating actions to remove or reduce it. (ATP 3-39.10)
criminal intelligence - Police information compiled, analyzed,
and disseminated in an effort to anticipate, prevent, or monitor criminal activity. (FM 3-39)
critical asset - (DOD) A specific entity that is of such
extraordinary importance that its incapacitation or destruction
would have a very serious, debilitating effect on the ability of a nation to continue to function effectively. (JP 3-26) Referenced in ADP 3-37.

critical asset list - (DOD) A prioritized list of assets, normally
identified by phase of the operation and approved by the joint force commander, that should be defended against air and missile threats. Also called CAL. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-90.98.
critical asset security - The protection and security of personnel
and physical assets or information that is analyzed and deemed essential to the operation and success of the mission and to resources required for protection. (ADP 3-37)
critical capability - (DOD) A means that is considered a crucial
enabler for a center of gravity to function as such and is essential to the accomplishment of the specified or assumed objective(s). (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-05.20.
critical event - An event that directly influences mission
accomplishment. (FM 6-0)
critical infrastructure protection - (DOD) Actions taken to
prevent, remediate, or mitigate the man-made or natural risks to critical infrastructure and key assets. Also called CIP. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 6-02.71.
critical requirement - (DOD) An essential condition, resource,
and means for a critical capability to be fully operational. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-05.20.
critical vulnerability - (DOD) An aspect of a critical
requirement which is deficient or vulnerable to direct or indirect attack that will create decisive or significant effects. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-05.20.
cross-domain fires - Fires executed in one domain to create
effects in a different domain. (ADP 3-19)
cross-leveling - (DOD) At the theater strategic and operational
levels, it is the process of diverting en route or in-theater materiel from one military element to meet the higher priority
of another within the combatant commander's directive authority for logistics . (JP 4-0) Referenced in ATP 3-35.

cruise missile - (DOD) A guided and powered missile that flies
at constant speed for the majority of its route and relies upon aerodynamic forces for lift. Also called CM. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87.
cueing - The integration of one or more types of reconnaissance
or surveillance systems to provide information that directs follow-on collection of more detailed information by another system. (FM 3-90-2)
culminating point - The point at which a force no longer has the
capability to continue its form of operations, offense or defense. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 4-0, ATP 3-90.98.
cultural intelligence element - An organic element of the
Military Information Support Operations Command, providing culturally nuanced analyses and intelligence to subordinate unit commanders and their staffs, as well as to other agencies, focused on political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure, and other political-military factors. (FM 3-53)
curve resistance - The resistance offered by a curve to the
progress of a train. Also called CR. (ATP 4-14)
customer wait time - (DOD) The total elapsed time between
issuance of a customer order and satisfaction of that order. Also called CWT. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 3-04.7.
cyberspace - (DOD) A global domain within the information
environment consisting of the interdependent networks of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including
the
Internet,
telecommunications
networks,
computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers. (JP 3-12) Referenced in ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, FM 3-0, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 6-02, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-22.9, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-90.98.
cyberspace electromagnetic activities - The process of
planning, integrating, and synchronizing cyberspace and electronic warfare operations in support of unified land
operations. Also called CEMA. (ADP 3-0)

cyberspace operations - (DOD) The employment of cyberspace
capabilities where the primary purpose is to achieve objectives in or through cyberspace. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-21.51.
cyberspace superiority - (DOD) The degree of dominance in
cyberspace by one force that permits the secure, reliable conduct of operations by that force, and its related land, air, maritime, and space forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference. (JP 3-12) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-92.
data - In the context of decision making, unprocessed
observations detected by a collector of any kind (human, mechanical, or electronic). (ADP 6-0)
datum (geodetic) - (DOD) 1. A reference surface consisting of
five quantities: the latitude and longitude of an initial point, the azimuth of a line from that point, and the parameters of the reference ellipsoid. Referenced in ATP 3-17.2. 2. The mathematical model of the earth used to calculate the coordinates on any map. Different nations use different datum for printing coordinates on their maps. (JP 2-03) Referenced in ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.02, ATP 3-50.3.
D-day - (DOD) The unnamed day on which a particular
operation commences or is to commence. (JP 3-02) Referenced in FM 3-99, FM 6-0.
debarkation - (DOD) The unloading of troops, equipment, or
supplies from a ship or aircraft. (JP 3-02) Referenced in FM 4-01.
debriefing - The systematic questioning of individuals to procure
information to answer specific collection requirements by direct and indirect questioning techniques. (FM 2-22.3)
decentralized control - (DOD) In air defense, the normal mode
whereby a higher echelon monitors unit actions, making direct target assignments to units only when necessary to ensure proper fire distribution or to prevent engagement of friendly aircraft. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15.

decentralized execution - (DOD) Delegation of execution
authority to subordinate commanders. (JP 3-30) Referenced in FM 4-01.
deception event - (DOD) A deception means executed at a
specific time and location in support of a deception operation. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
deception goal - (DOD) Commander's statement of the purpose
of military deception as it contributes to the successful accomplishment of the assigned mission. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
deception means - (DOD) Methods, resources, and techniques
that can be used to convey information to the deception target. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
deception objective - (DOD) The desired result of a deception
operation expressed in terms of what the adversary is to do or not to do at the critical time and/or location. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
deception story - (DOD) A scenario that outlines the friendly
actions that will be portrayed to cause the deception target to adopt the desired perception. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
deception target - (DOD) The adversary decision maker with the
authority to make the decision that will achieve the deception objective. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
decision point - (DOD) A point in space and time when the
commander or staff anticipates making a key decision concerning a specific course of action. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
decision support matrix - A written record of a war-gamed
course of action that describes decision points and associated actions at those decision points. Also called DSM. (ADP 5-0)
See also branch, decision point, **decision support template**, sequel.

decision support template - (DOD) A combined intelligence and
operations graphic based on the results of wargaming that depicts decision points, timelines associated with movement of forces and the flow of the operation, and other key items of information required to execute a specific friendly course of action. Also called DST. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 6-0.5.
decisive action - (Army) The continuous, simultaneous
execution of offensive, defensive, and stability operations or defense support of civil authorities tasks. (ADP 3-0)
decisive engagement - An engagement in which a unit is
considered fully committed and cannot maneuver or extricate itself. (ADP 3-90)
decisive operation - The operation that directly accomplishes
the mission. (ADP 3-0)
decisive point - (DOD) A geographic place, specific key event,
critical factor, or function that, when acted upon, allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute
materially
to
achieving
success.
(JP
5-0)
Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 5-0, FM 4-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 5-0.1.
decisive terrain Key terrain whose seizure and retention is
mandatory for successful mission accomplishment. (ADP 3-90)
deck - The surface of a railcar on which a load rests. (ATP 4-14) decompression - (DOD) In personnel recovery, the process of
normalizing psychological and behavioral reactions that recovered isolated personnel experienced or are currently experiencing as a result of their isolation and recovery. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
decoy - (DOD) An imitation in any sense of a person, object, or
phenomenon that is intended to deceive enemy surveillance devices or mislead enemy evaluation. Also called dummy. (JP
3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.

dedicated recovery - Actions required to extract an aircraft by
means of an aerial or surface recovery vehicle to a maintenance area for repairs and/or inspections. (ATP 3-04.13)
decontamination - (DOD) The process of making any person,
object, or area safe by absorbing, destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, or removing chemical or biological agents, or by removing radioactive material clinging to or around it. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.7, ATP 4-02.84, ATP 3-90.98.
deep area - Where the commander sets conditions for future
success in close combat. (ADP 3-0)
defeat - To render a force incapable of achieving its objectives.
(ADP 3-0)
defeat in detail - Concentrating overwhelming combat power
against separate parts of a force rather than defeating the entire force at once. (ADP 3-90)
defeat mechanism - The method through which friendly forces
accomplish their mission against enemy opposition. (ADP 3-0)
defended asset list - (DOD) A listing of those assets from the
critical asset list prioritized by the joint force commander to be defended with the resources available. Also called DAL. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-90.98.
defense coordinating element - (DOD) A staff and military
liaison officers who assist the defense coordinating officer in facilitating coordination and support to activated emergency support functions. Also called DCE. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.
defense coordinating officer - (DOD) Department of Defense
single point of contact for domestic emergencies who is assigned to a joint field office to process requirements for military support; forward mission assignments through proper channels to the appropriate military organizations; and assign military liaisons, as appropriate, to activated emergency
support functions. Also called DCO. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.

defense design - A strategy for defense based on a compiled list
of defensive tasks required to defend against a specific threat or support specific mission operations. Each defensive task is built using intelligence, features such as friendly force lay down, adversary forces lay down, named area of interest or ballistic missile operations areas, and characteristics such as defended assets, terrain, system location or orientation, and limitations. (FM 3-27)
defense industrial base - (DOD) The Department of Defense,
government, and private sector worldwide industrial complex with capabilities to perform research and development and design, produce, and maintain military weapon systems, subsystems,
components,
or
parts
to
meet
military
requirements. Also called DIB. (JP 3-27) Referenced in FM 4-0, ATP 4-0.1.
defense plan - Multiple defense designs combined together to
create a cohesive plan for defending a broad area. (FM 3-27)
defense support of civil authorities - (DOD) Support provided
by U.S. Federal military forces, Department of Defense civilians,
Department
of
Defense
contract
personnel,
Department of Defense component assets, and National Guard forces (when the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the governors of the affected States, elects and requests to use those forces in Title 32, United States Code, status) in response to requests for assistance from civil authorities for domestic emergencies, law enforcement support, and other domestic activities, or from qualifying entities for special events. Also called DSCA. (DODD 3025.18) Referenced in ADP 1, ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-28, FM 3-09, FM 3-14, FM 3-52, FM 3-57, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-14.3, ATP 3-28.1.
Defense Transportation System - (DOD) That portion of the
worldwide
transportation
infrastructure
that
supports
Department of Defense transportation needs. Also called DTS. See also common-user transportation; transportation system.
(JP 4-01) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-13, ATP 4-15.

defensive counterair - (DOD) All defensive measures designed
to neutralize or destroy enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace. Also called DCA. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-01, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-55.6.
defensive cyberspace operations-internal defensive measures
- (DOD) Operations in which authorized defense actions occur within the defended portion of cyberspace. Also called DCO- IDM. (JP 3-12) Referenced in ATP 6-02.71.
defensive cyberspace operations-response actions - (DOD)
Operations that are part of a defensive cyberspace operations mission that are taken external to the defended network or portion of cyberspace without the permission of the owner of the affected system. Also called DCO-RA. (JP 3-12) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 6-02.71.
defensive cyberspace operations - (DOD) Missions to preserve
the ability to utilize blue cyberspace capabilities and protect data, networks, cyberspace-enabled devices, and other designated systems by defeating on-going or imminent malicious cyberspace activity. Also called DCO. (JP 3-12) Referenced in ADP 3-37, FM 3-12, FM 6-02.
defensive fires - Fires that protect friendly forces, population
centers, and critical infrastructure. (FM 3-09)
defensive operation - An operation to defeat an enemy attack,
gain time, economize forces, and develop conditions favorable for offensive or stability operations. (ADP 3-0)
defensive space control - (DOD) Active and passive measures
taken to protect friendly space capabilities from attack, interference, or unintentional hazards. Also called DSC. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14.
defilade - (DOD) 1. Protection from hostile observation and fire
provided by an obstacle such as a hill, ridge, or bank. (JP 3-09) Referenced in ATP 3-21.90.
definitive care - (1) That care which returns an ill or injured
Soldier to full function, or the best possible function after a
debilitating illness or injury. Definitive care can range from self-aid when a Soldier applies a dressing to a grazing bullet wound that heals without further intervention, to two weeks bed-rest in theater for Dengue fever, to multiple surgeries and full rehabilitation with a prosthesis at a continental United States medical center or Department of Veterans Affairs hospital after a traumatic amputation. (2) That treatment required to return the Service member to health from a state of injury or illness. The Service member's disposition may range from return to duty to medical discharge from the military. It can be provided at any role depending on the extent of the Service member's injury or illness. It embraces those endeavors which complete the recovery of the patient. (FM 4-02)

definitive identification - The employment of multiple state-ofthe-art, independent, established protocols and technologies by scientific experts in a nationally recognized laboratory to determine the unambiguous identity of a chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear hazard with the highest level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary to support strategic-level decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
definitive treatment - The final role of comprehensive care
provided to return the patient to the highest degree of mental and physical health possible. It is not associated with a specific role or location in the continuum of care; it may occur in different roles depending upon the nature of the injury or illness. (FM 4-02)
deflection - A horizontal clockwise angle measured from the line
of fire or the rearward extension line of fire to the line of sight to a given aiming point with the vertex of the angle at the instrument. (ATP 3-09.50)
delay - When a force under pressure trades space for time by
slowing down the enemy's momentum and inflicting maximum damage on enemy forces without becoming decisively engaged. (ADP 3-90)
delay line - A phase line where the date and time before which
the enemy is not allowed to cross the phase line is depicted as
part of the graphic control measure. (FM 3-90-1) See also control measure, **phase line**.

delayed recovery - Planned or coordinated aircraft recovery
mission performed by the Downed Aircraft Recovery Team with the intent to repair/replace damaged component in order to return the aircraft to flying status. (ATP 3-04.13)
deliberate crossing - The crossing of an inland water obstacle or
other gap that requires extensive planning and detailed preparations. (ATP 3-90.4)
deliberate operation - An operation in which the tactical
situation allows the development and coordination of detailed plans, including multiple branches and sequels. (ADP 3-90)
demobilization - (DOD) 1. The process of transitioning a conflict
or wartime military establishment and defense-based civilian economy to a peacetime configuration while maintaining national security and economic vitality. (JP 4-05) Referenced in ADP 3-07, FM 3-07.
demonstration - (DOD) 2. In military deception, a show of force
in an area where a decision is not sought that is made to deceive an adversary. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5.
denial operations - Actions to hinder or deny the enemy the use
of space, personnel, supplies, or facilities. (FM 3-90-1)
denied area - (DOD) An area under enemy or unfriendly control
in which friendly forces cannot expect to operate successfully within existing operational constraints and force capabilities. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1. (Army) An area that is operationally unsuitable for conventional forces due to political, tactical, environmental, or geographical reasons. It is a primary area for special operations forces. (FM 3-05)
denied,
degraded,
or
disrupted
space
operational
environment - A composite of those conditions and
influences in which space-enabled capabilities have been impaired by hostile threats or non-hostile means. Also called D3SOE. (FM 3-14)
dental care - The preventive, restorative, and surgical treatment
of the hard and soft oral tissues, which is comprised of operational dental care and comprehensive dental care. (ATP 4-02.19)
deny - A task to hinder or prevent the enemy from using terrain,
space, personnel, supplies, or facilities. (ATP 3-21.20)
Department of Defense information network - (DOD) The set
of information capabilities and associated processes for collecting, processing, storing, disseminating, and managing information on demand to warfighters, policy makers, and support personnel, whether interconnected or stand-alone . Also called DODIN. (JP 6-0) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-12, FM 6-02, ATP 3-05.60, ATP 6-02.54, ATP 6-02.60, ATP 6-02.71.
Department of Defense information network-Army - An
Army-operated enclave of the Department of Defense information network that encompasses all Army information capabilities that collect, process, store, display, disseminate, and protect information worldwide. Also called DODIN-A. (ATP 6-02.71)
Department of Defense information network operations
(DOD) Operations to secure, configure, operate, extend, maintain, and sustain Department of Defense cyberspace to create and preserve the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the Department of Defense information network. Also called DODIN Operations. (JP 3-12) Referenced in FM 3-12, FM 6-02, ATP 6-02.60, ATP 6-02.71.
departure airfield - (DOD) An airfield on which troops and/or
materiel are enplaned for flight. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ATP 3-18.11.
departure yard - Yard where classified cars are made up into
trains. (ATP 4-14)
deployment - (DOD) The movement of forces into and out of an
operational area . (JP 3-35) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-35, ATP 3-91, ATP 4-02.1.
depth - The extension of operations in time, space, or purpose to
achieve definitive results. (ADP 3-0)

derailer - Safety devices designed to limit unauthorized
movement of a car or locomotive beyond a specific point. (ATP 4-14)
desired perception - (DOD) In military deception, what the
deception target must believe for it to make the decision that will achieve the deception objective. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
destroy - A tactical mission task that physically renders an
enemy force combat-ineffective until it is reconstituted. Alternatively, to destroy a combat system is to damage it so badly that it cannot perform any function or be restored to a usable condition without being entirely rebuilt. (FM 3-90-1)
See also reconstitution, **tactical mission task**.
destruction - 1. In the context of the computed effects of field
artillery fires, destruction renders a target out of action permanently or ineffective for a long period of time, producing 30-percent casualties or materiel damage. 2. A type of adjustment for destroying a given target. (FM 3-09)
detachment - A tactical element organized on either a temporary
or permanent basis for special duties. (ADP 3-90)
detachment left in contact - An element left in contact as part
of the previously designated (usually rear) security force while the main body conducts its withdrawal. Also called DLIC. (FM
3-90-1) See also breakout, **retrograde**.
detainee - (DOD) Any person captured, detained, or otherwise
under the control of Department of Defense personnel. (JP 3-63) Referenced in FM 6-27, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-55.4, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-91.
detection - (DOD) 2. In surveillance, the determination and
transmission by a surveillance system that an event has occurred. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-55.6. 4. In chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environments, the act of locating chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards by use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear detectors or monitoring and/or survey teams. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-55.6.
detention - A charge made on a carrier conveyance held by or
otherwise delayed through the cause of the United States Government. (ATP 4-12)
deterrence - (DOD) The prevention of action by the existence of
a credible threat of unacceptable counteraction and/or belief that the cost of action outweighs the perceived benefits. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-27.3.
direct action - (DOD) Short-duration strikes and other smallscale offensive actions conducted as a special operation in hostile, denied, or diplomatically sensitive environments and which employ specialized military capabilities to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover, or damage designated targets. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-53, ATP 3-75.
direct air support center - (DOD) The principal air control
agency of the United States Marine Corps air command and control system responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat element. Also called DASC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-60.2.
direct exchange - A supply method of issuing serviceable
materiel in exchange for unserviceable materiel on an itemfor-item basis. (FM 4-40)
directed
energy
-
(DOD)
An
umbrella
term
covering
technologies that relate to the production of a beam of concentrated electromagnetic energy or atomic or subatomic particles. Also called DE. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
directed obstacle - An obstacle directed by a higher commander
as a specified task to a subordinate unit. (ATP 3-90.8)
direct fire - (DOD) Fire delivered on a target using the target
itself as a point of aim for either the weapon or the director. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-96, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
direct haul - Single transport mission completed by the same
vehicle(s). (ATP 4-11)
direction finding - (DOD) A procedure for obtaining bearings of
radio frequency emitters by using a highly directional antenna and a display unit on an intercept receiver or ancillary equipment. Also called DF. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
direction of attack - A specific direction or assigned route a
force uses and does not deviate from when attacking. (ADP 3-90)
direction of fire - The direction on which a fire unit is laid to
the most significant threat in the target area, to the chart direction to the center of the zone of fire, or to the target. (ATP 3-09.50)
directive
authority
for
logistics
-
(DOD)
Combatant
commander authority to issue directives to subordinate commanders to ensure the effective execution of approved operation plans, optimize the use or reallocation of available resources, and prevent or eliminate redundant facilities and/ or overlapping functions among the Service component commands. Also called DAFL. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 4-0.
direct liaison authorized - (DOD) That authority granted by a
commander (any level) to a subordinate to directly consult or coordinate an action with a command or agency within or outside of the granting command. Also called DIRLAUTH. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-0, FM 6-0.
direct pressure force A force employed in a pursuit operation
that orients on the enemy main body to prevent enemy disengagement
or
defensive
reconstitution
prior
to
envelopment by the encircling force. It normally conducts a series of attacks to slow the enemy's retirement by forcing him
to stand and fight. (FM 3-90-1) See also **disengage**, encircling force, **envelopment, reconstitution**.
direct support - (DOD) A mission requiring a force to support
another specific force and authorizing it to answer directly to the supported force's request for assistance. Also called DS. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 4-43. (Army) A support relationship requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing it to answer
directly to the supported force's request for assistance. (FM 3-0)

disarmament - (Army) The collection, documentation, control,
and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives, and light and heavy weapons of former combatants, belligerents, and the local populace. (FM 3-07)
disease and nonbattle injury - (DOD) All illnesses and injuries
not resulting from enemy or terrorist action or caused by conflict. Also called DNBI. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 4-02.10, ATP 4-02.55.
disengage - A tactical mission task where a commander has the
unit break contact with the enemy to allow the conduct of another mission or to avoid decisive engagement. (FM 3-90-1)
See also decisive engagement, **tactical mission task**.
disengagement line - A phase line located on identifiable terrain
that, when crossed by the enemy, signals to defending elements that it is time to displace to their next position. (ADP 3-90)
disintegrate - To disrupt the enemy's command and control
system, degrading its ability to conduct operations while leading to a rapid collapse of the enemy's capabilities or will to fight. (ADP 3-0)
dislocate - To employ forces to obtain significant positional
advantage, rendering the enemy's dispositions less valuable, perhaps even irrelevant. (ADP 3-0)
dislocated civilian - (DOD) A broad term primarily used by the
Department of Defense that includes displaced person, an evacuee, an internally displaced person, a migrant, a refugee, or a stateless person. Also called DC. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.60.
dismounted march - Movement of troops and equipment mainly
by foot, with limited support by vehicles. Also called foot march. (FM 3-90-2)
displaced person - (DOD) A broad term used to refer to
internally and externally displaced persons collectively. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-57, FM 6-27, ATP 3-07.31.

display - (DOD) In military deception, a static portrayal of an
activity, force, or equipment intended to deceive the adversary's visual observation. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 6-0, FM 3-13.4.
disrupt - 1. A tactical mission task in which a commander
integrates direct and indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy's formation or tempo, interrupt the enemy's timetable, or cause enemy forces to commit prematurely or attack in piecemeal fashion. 2. An obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to cause the enemy to break up its formation and tempo, interrupt its timetable, commit breaching assets prematurely, and attack in a piecemeal effort. (FM 3-90-1)
distinction - The law of armed conflict principle that obliges
parties to a conflict to distinguish between combatants and the civilian population and to distinguish between military objectives and protected property and places. (FM 6-27)
distribution - (DOD) 5. The operational process of synchronizing
all elements of the logistic system to deliver the "right things" to the "right place" at the "right time" to support the geographic combatant commander. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 4-0, FM 4-01, ATP 4-48.
distribution management - Synchronizes and optimizes
transportation, its networks, and materiel management with the warfighting functions to move personnel and materiel from origins to the point of need in accordance with the supported commander's priorities. (ADP 4-0)
distribution manager - (DOD) The executive agent for
managing distribution with the combatant commander's area of responsibility. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 4-0.1.
distribution system - (DOD) That complex of facilities,
installations, methods, and procedures designed to receive, store, maintain, distribute, and control the flow of military materiel between the point of receipt into the military system and the point of issue to using activities and units. (JP 4-09)
Referenced in FM 4-0, FM 4-01, FM 4-40, ATP 4-93.

diversion - (DOD) 1. The act of drawing the attention and forces
of an enemy from the point of the principal operation; an attack, alarm, or feint that diverts attention. (JP 3-03) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-13.4.
division - An echelon of command and tactical formation that
employs brigade combat teams, multi-functional brigades, and functional brigades to achieve objectives on land. (ADP 3-90)
document
and
media
exploitation
-
The
processing,
translation, analysis, and dissemination of collected hardcopy documents and electronic media that are under the U.S. Government's physical control and are not publicly available. (ATP 2-91.8)
double
envelopment
-
This
results
from
simultaneous
maneuvering around both flanks of a designated enemy force. (FM 3-90-1)
Downed Aircraft Recovery Team - Comprised of personnel and
equipment assigned to support immediate, delayed, or dedicated aircraft recovery. (ATP 3-04.13)
drawbar pull - The actual pulling ability of a locomotive after
deducting from tractive effort, the energy required to move the locomotive itself. Also called DBP. (ATP 4-14)
drop zone - (DOD) A specific area upon which airborne troops,
equipment, or supplies are airdropped. Also called DZ. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-18.11.
dynamic target - Any target that is identified too late or not
selected for action during the deliberate targeting process. (ATP 3-60.1)
dynamic targeting - (DOD) Targeting that prosecutes targets
identified too late, or not selected for action in time to be included in deliberate targeting. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-91, ATP 3-91.1.
earliest arrival date - (DOD) A day, relative to C-day, that is
specified as the earliest date when a unit, a resupply shipment, or replacement personnel can be accepted at a port of debarkation during a deployment. Also called EAD. See also latest arrival date. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 4-01.
early-entry command post - A lead element of a headquarters
designed to control operations until the remaining portions of the headquarters are deployed and operational. (FM 6-0)
early warning - (DOD) Early notification of the launch or
approach of unknown weapons or weapons carriers. Also called EW. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.48.
echelon - Separate level of command. (FM 1-02.1) echelon formation - A unit formation with subordinate elements
arranged on an angle to the left or to the right of the direction of attack (echelon left, echelon right). This formation provides for firepower forward and to the flank of the direction of the echelon. It facilitates control in open areas. It provides minimal security to the opposite flank of the direction of the
echeloning. (FM 3-90-1) See also **box formation**.
echelon support - The method of supporting an organization
arrayed within an area of an operation. (ATP 4-90)
economy - Providing sustainment resources in an efficient
manner that enables the commander to employ all assets to the greatest effect possible. (ADP 4-0)
economy of force - (DOD) The judicious employment and
distribution of forces so as to expend the minimum essential combat power on secondary efforts to allocate the maximum possible combat power on primary efforts . (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-90.
effect - (DOD) 1. The physical or behavioral state of a system
that results from an action, a set of actions, or another effect. 2. The result, outcome, or consequence of an action. 3. A change to a condition, behavior, or degree of freedom. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-53, FM 3-57, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-60.
electromagnetic compatibility - (DOD) The ability of systems,
equipment, and devices that use the electromagnetic spectrum to operate in their intended environments without causing or suffering unacceptable or unintentional degradation because of electromagnetic radiation or response. Also called EMC. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.

electromagnetic environment - (DOD) The resulting product of
the power and time distribution, in various frequency ranges, of the radiated or conducted electromagnetic emission levels encountered by a military force, system, or platform when performing its assigned mission in its intended operational environment. Also called EME. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic environmental effects - (DOD) The impact of
the electromagnetic environment upon the operational capability of military forces, equipment, systems, and platforms. Also called E3. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
electromagnetic hardening - (DOD) Action taken to protect
personnel, facilities, and/or equipment by blanking, filtering, attenuating, grounding, bonding, and/or shielding against undesirable effects of electromagnetic energy. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic interference - (DOD) Any electromagnetic
disturbance, induced intentionally or unintentionally, that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective performance of electronics and electrical equipment. Also called EMI. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 3-14.3, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.70.
electromagnetic intrusion - (DOD) The intentional insertion of
electromagnetic energy into transmission paths in any manner, with the objective of deceiving operators or of causing confusion. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic jamming - (DOD) The deliberate radiation,
reradiation, or reflection of electromagnetic energy for the
purpose of preventing or reducing an enemy's effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum, and with the intent of degrading or neutralizing the enemy's combat capability. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, FM 3-14, ATP 3-12.3.

electromagnetic
pulse
-
(DOD)
A
strong
burst
of
electromagnetic radiation caused by a nuclear explosion, energy weapon, or by natural phenomenon, that may couple with electrical or electronic systems to produce damaging current and voltage surges. Also called EMP. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.53.
electromagnetic
spectrum
management
-
(DOD)
The
operational, engineering, and administrative procedures to plan and coordinate operations within the electromagnetic operational environment. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, FM 3-99, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.70.
electromagnetic attack - (DOD) Division of electromagnetic
warfare involving the use of electromagnetic energy, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability and is considered a form of fires. Also called EA. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ADP 3-37, FM 3-09, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.70, ATP 6-02.71.
electromagnetic masking - (DOD) The controlled radiation of
electromagnetic energy on friendly frequencies in a manner to protect the emissions of friendly communications and electronic systems against enemy electromagnetic support measures/signals intelligence without significantly degrading the operation of friendly systems. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.60.
electromagnetic probing - (DOD) Intentional radiation designed
to be introduced into the devices or systems of an adversary for the purpose of learning the functions and operational capabilities of the devices or systems. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12.
electromagnetic protection - (DOD) Division of electromagnetic
warfare involving actions taken to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability. Also called EP. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ADP 3-37, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.70, ATP 6-02.71.

electromagnetic reconnaissance - (DOD) The detection,
location,
identification,
and
evaluation
of
foreign
electromagnetic radiations. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic security - (DOD) The protection resulting from
all measures designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from their interception and study of noncommunications electromagnetic radiations (e.g., radar). (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic warfare - (DOD) Military action involving the
use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. Also called EW. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-37, FM 3-12, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-96, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-50.10, ATP 4-32, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.70.
electromagnetic
warfare
reprogramming
-
(DOD)
The
deliberate alteration or modification of electromagnetic warfare or target sensing systems, or the tactics and procedures that employ them, in response to validated changes in equipment, tactics, or the electromagnetic environment. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic support - (DOD) Division of electromagnetic
warfare involving actions tasked by, or under direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning and conduct of future operations. Also called ES. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.70.
electro-optical-infrared countermeasure - (DOD) A device or
technique employing electro-optical-infrared materials or technology that is intended to impair the effectiveness of enemy activity, particularly with respect to precision-guided weapons and sensor systems. Also called EO-IR CM. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12.
embarkation - (DOD) The process of putting personnel and/or
vehicles and their associated stores and equipment into ships and/or aircraft. (JP 3-02) Referenced in FM 4-01.
emergency dental care - Care given for the relief of oral pain;
diagnosis and treatment of infections; control of lifethreatening oral conditions (hemorrhage, cellulitis, or respiratory difficulties); and treatment of trauma to teeth, jaws (maxilla/mandible), and associated facial structures is considered emergency care. (ATP 4-02.19)
emergency locator beacon - (DOD) A generic term for all radio
beacons used for emergency locating purposes. See also personal locator beacon. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
emergency medical treatment - The immediate application of
medical procedures to the wounded, injured, or sick by specially trained medical personnel. (FM 4-02)
emergency operations center - (DOD) A temporary or
permanent facility where the coordination of information and resources to support domestic incident management activities normally takes place. Also called EOC. (JP 3-41) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
emergency preparedness liaison officer - (DOD) A senior
reserve officer who represents their Service at the appropriate joint field office conducting planning and coordination responsibilities in support of civil authorities. Also called EPLO. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.
emergency support functions - (DOD) Government and certain
private-sector capabilities grouped into an organizational structure to provide the support, resources, program implementation, and services that are most likely to be needed to save lives, protect property and the environment, restore
essential services and critical infrastructure, and help victims and communities return to normal, when feasible, following domestic incidents. Also called ESF. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.

emerging target - Detection that meets sufficient criteria to be
developed as a potential target using dynamic targeting. The criticality and time sensitivity of an emerging target, and its probability
of
being
a
potential
target,
is
initially
undetermined. (ATP 3-60.1)
emission control - (DOD) The selective and controlled use of
electromagnetic, acoustic, or other emitters to optimize command and control capabilities while minimizing, for operations security: a. detection by enemy sensors, b. mutual interference among friendly systems, and/or c. enemy interference with the ability to execute a military deception plan. Also called EMCON. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.53.
emission
security
-
(DOD)
Actions
designed
to
deny
unauthorized persons information of value as a result of intercept and analysis of compromising emanations from cryptographic equipment and telecommunications systems. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 6-02.75
employment - (DOD) The strategic, operational, or tactical use
of forces. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 3-96, ATP 4-02.1.
encirclement operations - Operations where one force loses its
freedom of maneuver because an opposing force is able to isolate it by controlling all ground lines of communications and reinforcement. (ADP 3-90)
encircling force - In pursuit operations, the force which
maneuvers to the rear or flank of the enemy to block the enemy's escape so that the enemy can be destroyed between the direct pressure force and encircling force. This force advances or flies along routes parallel to the enemy's line of retreat. If the encircling force cannot outdistance the enemy to cut the enemy off, the encircling force may also attack the
flank of a retreating enemy. (FM 3-90-1) See also **block**,
destroy, direct pressure force, **envelopment**.

end delivery tonnage - The through tonnage, in short tons, of
payload that is delivered at the end of the railway line (railhead) each day. Also called EDT. (ATP 4-14)
end evening civil twilight - (DOD) The point in time when the
sun has dropped 6 degrees beneath the western horizon, and is the instant at which there is no longer sufficient light to see objects with the unaided eye. Also called EECT. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
end of evening nautical twilight - (DOD) The point in time
when the sun has dropped 12 degrees below the western horizon, and is the instant of last available daylight for the visual control of limited military operations. Also called EENT. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16.
end state - (DOD) The set of required conditions that defines
achievement of the commander's objectives. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-13, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-21.10.
enemy - A party identified as hostile against which the use of
force is authorized. (ADP 3-0)
enemy combatant - (DOD) In general, a person engaged in
hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners during an armed conflict. Also called EC. (DODD 2310.01E) Referenced in FM 6-27.
engage - (DOD) In air and missile defense, a fire control order
used to direct or authorize units and/or weapon systems to attack a designated target. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7.
engagement - (DOD) 1. An attack against an air or missile
threat. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-07, ATP 3-01.8. 2. A tactical conflict, usually between opposing lower echelons maneuver forces. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-07, ATP 3-01.8.
engagement area - An area where the commander intends to
contain and destroy an enemy force with the massed effects of
all available weapons and supporting systems. Also called EA. (ADP 3-90)

engagement authority - (DOD) An authority vested with a joint
force commander that may be delegated to a subordinate commander, that permits an engagement decision. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87.
engagement criteria - Protocols that specify those circumstances
for initiating engagement with an enemy force. (FM 3-90-1)
See also decision point, engagement, **engagement area**.
establishing directive - (DOD) An order issued to specify the
purpose of the support relationship. (JP 3-02) Referenced in FM 6-05.
engagement priority - Specifies the order in which the unit
engages enemy systems or functions. (FM 3-90-1)
engineer regulating point - Checkpoint to ensure that vehicles
do not exceed the capacity of the crossing means and to give drivers final instructions on site-specific procedures and information, such as speed and vehicle interval. Also called ERP. (ATP 3-90.4)
engineer work line - A coordinated boundary or phase line used
to compartmentalize an area of operations to indicate where specific engineer units have primary responsibility for the engineer effort. (FM 3-34)
en route care - The care required to maintain the phased
treatment initiated prior to evacuation and the sustainment of the patient's medical condition during evacuation. (ATP 4-02.2)
envelopment - A form of maneuver in which an attacking force
seeks to avoid the principal enemy defenses by seizing objectives behind those defenses that allow the targeted enemy force to be destroyed in their current positions. (FM 3-90-1)
environmental assessment - A study to determine if significant
environmental impacts are expected from a proposed action. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental compliance - The unconditional obeying of
international, foreign nation, federal, state, and local environmental rules, regulations, and guidelines that affect current operations. (ATP 3-34.5)

environmental conditions report - A concise summary of
events or situations that created a negative or positive change in environmental conditions at a base camp site. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental modification technique - Any method of
warfare for changingthrough the deliberate manipulation of natural processesthe dynamics, composition, or structure of the Earth (to include its biota, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere) or outer space. (FM 6-27)
environmental protection level - The varying level of
environmental protection that can reasonably be afforded at any particular time during military operations, given the absolute requirement that such a diversion of resources away from the mission at hand does not adversely affect that mission, any friendly personnel, or indigenous or refugee populations. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental reconnaissance - The systematic observation
and recording of site or area data collected by visual or physical means, dealing specifically with environmental conditions as they exist, and identifying areas that are environmentally sensitive or of relative environmental concern, for information and decisionmaking purposes. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental restoration - The systematic removal of
pollution or contaminants from the environment, especially from the soil or groundwater, by physical, chemical, or biological
means;
also
known
as
remediation
or
environmental cleanup. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental services - Environmental services are the
various combinations of scientific, technical, and advisory activities (including modification processes and the influence of man-made and natural factors) required to acquire, produce, and supply information on the past, present, and future states of space, atmospheric, oceanographic, and
terrestrial surroundings for use in military planning and decisionmaking processes or to modify those surroundings to enhance military operations. (ATP 3-34.5)

environmental stewardship - The integration and application
of environmental values into the military mission to sustain readiness, improve the quality of life, strengthen civil relations, and preserve valuable natural resources. (ATP 3-34.5)
esoteric communications - Public statements whose surface
meaning (manifest content) does not reveal the real purpose, meaning, or significance (latent content) of the author. (ATP 2-22.9)
essential care - Medical care and treatment within the theater of
operations and which is mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, and civil considerations-dependent. It includes first responder care, initial resuscitation and stabilization as well as treatment and hospitalization. Forward care may include stabilizing surgery to ensure the patient can tolerate further evacuation as well as en route care during evacuation. The objective is to either return the patient to duty within the theater evacuation policy, or to begin initial treatment required for optimization of outcome. (FM 4-02)
essential element of friendly information - A critical aspect of
a friendly operation that, if known by a threat would subsequently compromise, lead to failure, or limit success of the operation and therefore should be protected from enemy
detection. Also called EEFI. (ADP 5-0) See also commander's critical information requirement.
essential dental care - Dental care necessary to intercept
potential emergencies to prevent lost duty time and preserve fighting strength. (ATP 4-02.19)
essential task - (Army) A specified or implied task that must be
executed to accomplish the mission. (FM 6-0) See also
implied task, **specified task**.
estimative intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence that identifies,
describes, and forecasts adversary capabilities and the
implications for planning and executing military operations. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 2-0.

evacuation - (DOD) The ordered or authorized departure of
noncombatant evacuees from a specific area to another in the same or different countries by Department of State, Department of Defense, or appropriate military commander. (JP 3-68) Referenced in ATP 3-05.68.
evacuee - (DOD) A civilian removed from a place of residence by
military direction for reasons of personal security or the requirements of the military situation. See also displaced person; refugee. (JP 3-57) Referenced in ATP 3-05.68, ATP 3-07.31.
evader - (DOD) Any person isolated in hostile or unfriendly
territory who eludes capture. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22.
evaluating - Using indicators to judge progress toward desired
conditions and determining why the current degree of progress exists. (ADP 5-0)
evasion - (DOD) The process whereby isolated personnel avoid
capture with the goal of successfully returning to areas under friendly control. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22.
evasion plan of action - (DOD) A course of action, developed
prior to executing a combat mission, that is intended to improve a potential isolated person's chances of successful evasion and recovery by providing the recovery forces with an additional source of information that can increase the predictability of the evader's action and movement. Also called EPA. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.3, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.22.
event matrix - (DOD) A cross-referenced description of the
indicators and activity expected to occur in each named area of interest. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16.
event template - (DOD) A guide for collection planning that
depicts the named areas of interest where activity, or its lack
of activity, will indicate which course of action the adversary has adopted. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16.

execution - The act of putting a plan into action by applying
combat power to accomplish the mission and adjusting operations based on changes in the situation. (ADP 5-0) See
also adjustment decision, combat power, execution decision, **situational understanding**.
execution matrix - A visual representation of subordinate tasks
in relationship to each other over time. (ADP 5-0)
executive agent - (DOD) A delegation of authority by the
Secretary of Defense or Deputy Secretary of Defense to a subordinate to act on behalf of the Secretary of Defense. Also called EA. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 4-0, ATP 4-44, ATP 4-93.
exfiltrate - A tactical mission task where a commander removes
Soldiers or units from areas under enemy control by stealth, deception, surprise, or clandestine means. (FM 3-90-1)
exfiltration - (DOD) The removal of personnel or units from
areas under enemy control by stealth, deception, surprise, or clandestine means. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.50.
explicit knowledge - Codified or formally documented
knowledge organized and transferred to others through digital or non-digital means. (ATP 6-01.1)
exploitation - (DOD) 1. Taking full advantage of success in
military operations, following up initial gains, and making permanent the temporary effects already created. Referenced in ATP 3-90.15. 2. Taking full advantage of any information that has come to hand for tactical, operational, or strategic purposes. Referenced in ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-90.15, ATP 4-32. 3. An offensive operation that usually follows a successful attack and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 2-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-90.15, ATP 3-90.98. (Army) A type of offensive operation that usually follows a successful attack and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth. (ADP 3-90)
explosive hazards - A condition where danger exists because
explosives are present that may react in a mishap with potential unacceptable effects to people, property, operational capability, or the environment. (FM 4-30)
explosive ordnance - (DOD) All munitions and improvised or
clandestine
explosive
devices,
containing
explosives,
propellants, nuclear fission or fusion materials, and biological and chemical agents. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 4-32, ATP 4-32.2.
explosive
ordnance
disposal
-
(DOD)
The
detection,
identification, on-site evaluation, rendering safe, exploitation, recovery, and final disposal of explosive ordnance. Also called EOD. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 4-32.2. (Army) The detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering safe, exploitation, recovery, and final disposal of explosive ordnance. (FM 4-30)
explosive ordnance disposal incident - (NATO) The suspected
or detected presence of unexploded explosive ordnance, or damaged explosive ordnance, which constitutes a hazard to operations, installations, personnel or material. Not included in this definition are the accidental arming or other conditions that develop during the manufacture of high explosive material, technical service assembly operations or the laying of mines and demolition charges. (STANAG 3680) Referenced in ATP 4-32.
explosive ordnance disposal procedures - (NATO) Those
particular courses or modes of action taken by explosive ordnance disposal personnel for access to, diagnosis, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of explosive ordnance or any hazardous material associated with an explosive ordnance disposal incident. a. Access procedures - Those actions taken to locate exactly and to gain access to unexploded explosive ordnance. b. Diagnostic procedures - Those actions taken to identify and evaluate unexploded explosive ordnance. c. Render safe procedures - The portion of the explosive ordnance disposal procedures involving the application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to
provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components of unexploded explosive ordnance to prevent an unacceptable detonation. d. Recovery procedures - Those actions taken to recover unexploded explosive ordnance. e. Final disposal procedures - The final disposal of explosive ordnance which may include demolition or burning in place, removal to a disposal area or other appropriate means. (STANAG 3680) Referenced in ATP 4-32.

explosive ordnance disposal unit - (DOD) Personnel with
special training and equipment who render explosive ordnance safe, make intelligence reports on such ordnance, and supervise the safe removal thereof. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 4-32.
exterior lines - Lines on which a force operates when its
operations converge on the enemy. (ADP 3-0)
external support contract - (DOD) Contract awarded by
Contracting organizations whose Contracting authority does not derive directly from the theater support Contracting head(s) of a Contracting activity or from systems support Contracting authorities. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ADP 4-0, ATP 4-10.
facility - (DOD) A real property entity consisting of one or more
of the following: a building, a structure, a utility system, pavement, and underlying land. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 3-22.40, ATP 4-13.
far side objective - A defined location oriented on terrain or an
enemy force that an assaulting force seizes to eliminate enemy direct fires to prevent the enemy from interfering with the reduction of the obstacle and allow follow-on forces to move securely through the created lanes. (ATP 3-90.4)
federal service - (DOD) A term applied to National Guard
members and units when called to active duty to serve the United States Government under Article I, Section 8 and Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution and the Title 10,
United States Code, Sections 12401 to 12408. (JP 4-05) Referenced in ADP 3-28.

feint - (DOD) In military deception, an offensive action involving
contact with the adversary conducted for the purpose of deceiving the adversary as to the location and/or time of the actual main offensive action. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5.
field army - An echelon of command that employs multiple
corps, divisions, multi-functional brigades, and functional brigades to achieve objectives on land. (ADP 3-90)
field artillery - (DOD) Equipment, supplies, ammunition, and
personnel involved in the use of cannon, rocket, or surface-tosurface missile launchers. Also called FA. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-96.1. (Army) The equipment, supplies, ammunition, and personnel involved in the use of indirect fire cannon, rocket, or surface-to-surface missile launchers. (FM 3-09)
field confirmatory identification - The employment of
technologies with increased specificity and sensitivity by technical forces in a field environment to identify chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear hazard with a moderate level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary to support follow-on tactical decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
field force engineering - The application of the Engineer
Regiment capabilities from the three engineer disciplines (primarily general engineering) to support operations through reachback and forward presence. (FM 3-34)
field historian - An Army historian, military or civilian, that
serves outside of the Center of Military History documenting, recording, and reporting the official history of the Army at the command and unit levels. (ATP 1-20)
field maintenance - On system maintenance, repair and return
to the user including maintenance actions performed by operators. (FM 4-30)
field of fire - The area that a weapon or group of weapons may
cover effectively from a given position. (FM 3-90-1)
field services - Includes aerial delivery, food service, shower and
laundry, mortuary affairs, and water purification. These services enhance unit effectiveness and mission success by providing for Soldier basic needs. (ADP 4-0)
fighter engagement zone - (DOD) In air defense, that airspace
of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with fighter aircraft. Also called FEZ. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15.
final coordination line - A phase line close to the enemy
position used to coordinate the lifting or shifting of supporting fires with the final deployment of maneuver elements. Also called FCL. (ADP 3-90)
final protective fire - (DOD) An immediately available
prearranged barrier of fire designed to impede enemy movement across defensive lines or areas. Also called FPF. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.98.
final protective line - A selected line of fire where an enemy
assault is to be checked by interlocking fire from all available weapons and obstacles. Also called FPL. (ATP 3-21.10)
finance operations - The execution of the joint financial
management mission to provide financial advice and guidance, support the procurement process, provide pay support, and provide banking and disbursing support. (FM 1-06)
financial management - The sustainment of U.S. Army, joint,
interagency, interdepartmental, and multinational operations through the execution of two mutually supporting core functions, resource management and finance operations. These two functions are comprised of the following core competencies: fund the force, banking and disbursing support, pay support, accounting support and cost management, financial
management
planning
and
operations,
and
management internal controls. (FM 1-06)
fire and movement - The concept of applying fires from all
sources to suppress, neutralize, or destroy the enemy, and the tactical movement of combat forces in relation to the enemy (as components of maneuver, applicable at all echelons). At the squad level, it entails a team placing suppressive fire on the enemy as another team moves against or around the enemy. (FM 3-96)
fire direction center - (DOD) That element of a command post,
consisting of gunnery and communications personnel and equipment, by means of which the commander exercises fire direction and/or fire control. Also called FDC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-01.85.
fire plan - A tactical plan for using the weapons of a unit or
formation so that their fire will be coordinated. (FM 3-09)
fires - (DOD) The use of weapon systems or other actions to
create specific lethal or nonlethal effects on a target. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-96, FM 6-05, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.98.
fire strike - The massed, synchronized, and nearly simultaneous
delivery of primarily terminally guided indirect fire and area munitions. (FM 3-90-2)
fire superiority - That degree of dominance in the fires of one
force over another that permits that force to conduct maneuver at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the enemy. (FM 3-90-1) See also maneuver.
fire support - (DOD) Fires that directly support land, maritime,
amphibious, space, cyberspace, and special operations forces to engage enemy forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit of tactical and operational objectives. (JP 3-09) Referenced in ADP 3-19, FM 3-96, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
fire support area - (DOD) An appropriate maneuver area
assigned to fire support ships by the naval force commander from which they can deliver gunfire support to an amphibious operation. Also called FSA. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09,
ATP 3-21.90.

fire support coordination - (DOD) The planning and executing
of fire so targets are adequately covered by a suitable weapon or group of weapons. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-90.5.
fire support coordination center - (DOD) A single site in which
centralized communications facilities and personnel incident to the coordination of all forms of fire support for Marine forces are located. Also called FSCC. (JP 3-09) Referenced in ATP 3-60.2.
fire support coordination line - (DOD) A fire support
coordination measure established by the land or amphibious force commander to support common objectives within an area of operation, beyond which all fires must be coordinated with affected commanders prior to engagement and, short of the line, all fires must be coordinated with the establishing commander prior to engagement. Also called FSCL. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-94.2.
fire support coordination measure - (DOD) A measure
employed by commanders to facilitate the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Also called FSCM. (JP 3-0). Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-09, FM 3-99, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-52.1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-90.5.
fire support coordinator - The brigade combat team's organic
field artillery battalion commander; if a fires brigade is designated as the division force field artillery headquarters, the fires brigade commander is the division's fire support coordinator and is assisted by the chief of fires who then serves as the deputy fire support coordinator during the period the force field artillery headquarters is in effect. (FM
3-09) See also **fire support**.
fire support officer - (Army) The field artillery officer from the
operational to tactical level responsible for advising the supported commander or assisting the senior fires officer of the organization on fires functions and fire support. (FM 3-09)
fire support plan - A plan that that addresses each means of fire
support available and describes how Army indirect fires, joint fires, and target acquisition are integrated with maneuver to facilitate operational success. (FM 3-09)
fire support planning - The continuing process of analyzing,
allocating, and scheduling fires to describe how fires are used to facilitate the actions of the maneuver force. (FM 3-09)
fire support station - (DOD) An exact location at sea within a
fire support area from which a fire support ship delivers fire. Also called FSS. (JP 3-02) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-21.90.
fire support team - (DOD) A field artillery team provided for
each maneuver company/troop and selected units to plan and coordinate all supporting fires available to the unit, including mortars, field artillery, naval surface fire support, and close air support integration. Also called FIST. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-09.30. (Army) A field artillery team organic to each maneuver battalion and selected units to plan and coordinate all available company supporting fires, including mortars, field artillery, naval surface fire support, and close air support integration. (FM 3-09)
fires warfighting function - The related tasks and systems that
create and converge effects in all domains against the adversary or enemy to enable operations across the range of military operations. (ADP 3-0)
fire team - A small military unit typically containing four or
fewer Soldiers. (ADP 3-90)
first aid (self-aid/buddy aid) - Urgent and immediate lifesaving
and other measures which can be performed for casualties (or performed by the victim himself) by nonmedical personnel when medical personnel are not immediately available. (FM 4-02)
fix - A tactical mission task where a commander prevents the
enemy from moving any part of that force from a specific location for a specific period. Fix is also an obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to slow an attacker's
movement within a specified area, normally an engagement area. (FM 3-90-1) See also block, contain, disrupt, support by fire, tactical mission task, **turn**.

fixing force - A force designated to supplement the striking force
by preventing the enemy from moving from a specific area for a specific time. (ADP 3-90)
flank - The right or left limit of a unit. (ADP 3-90) flank attack - A form of offensive maneuver directed at the flank
of an enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
flanking position - A geographical location on the flank of the
force from which effective fires can be placed on that flank. (ADP 3-90)
flexible deterrent option - (DOD) A planning construct intended
to facilitate early decision making by developing a wide range of interrelated responses that begin with deterrent-oriented actions carefully tailored to create a desired effect. Also called FDO. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-0.
flexible response - (DOD) The capability of military forces for
effective reaction to any enemy threat or attack with actions appropriate and adaptable to the circumstances existing. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-0.
flexibility - The employment of a versatile mix of capabilities,
formations, and equipment for conducting operations. (ADP 3-0)
follow and assume - A tactical mission task in which a second
committed force follows a force conducting an offensive task and is prepared to continue the mission if the lead force is fixed, attrited, or unable to continue. (FM 3-90-1) See also
attack, fix, follow and support, **offensive operations**, tactical mission task.
follow and support - A tactical mission task in which a
committed force follows and supports a lead force conducting
an offensive task. (FM 3-90-1) See also **direct pressure force**, encircling
force,
exploitation,
follow
and
assume,
offensive operations, **tactical mission task**.
follow-on echelon - Those additional forces moved into the
objective area after the assault echelon. (FM 3-99) See also air assault operation, **assault echelon**.

force closure - (DOD) The point in time when a supported
commander
determines
that
sufficient
personnel
and
equipment resources are in the assigned operational area to carry out assigned tasks. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-35.
force field artillery headquarters - If designated by the
supported commander, is normally the senior field artillery headquarters organic, assigned, attached, or placed under the operational control of that command. The supported commander specifies the commensurate responsibilities of the force field artillery headquarters and the duration of those responsibilities. (FM 3-09)
force health protection - (DOD) Measures to promote, improve,
or conserve the behavioral and physical well-being of Service members to enable a healthy and fit force, prevent injury and illness, and protect the force from health hazards. Also called FHP. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 4-02, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 4-02.55, ATP 4-02.84. (Army) 2. Encompasses measures to promote, improve, conserve or restore the mental or physical well-being of Soldiers. These measures enable a healthy and fit force, prevent injury and illness, and protect the force from health hazards. These measures also include the prevention aspects of a number of Army Medical Department functions (preventive medicine, including medical surveillance and occupational
and
environmental
health
surveillance;
veterinary services, including the food inspection and animal care missions, and the prevention of zoonotic disease transmissible to man; combat and operational stress control; dental services (preventive dentistry); and laboratory services [area medical laboratory support]. (FM 4-02)
force projection - (DOD) The ability to project the military
instrument of national power from the United States or another theater, in response to requirements for military operations. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-96.
force protection - (DOD) Preventive measures taken to mitigate
hostile actions against Department of Defense personnel (to
include family members), resources, facilities, and critical information. Also called FP. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-37, FM 4-0, FM 4-01, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-90.98.

force protection condition - (DOD) A Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff-approved standard for identification of and recommended responses to terrorist threats against United States personnel and facilities. Also called FPCON. (JP 3-26) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
force tailoring - The process of determining the right mix of
forces and the sequence of their deployment in support of a joint force commander. (ADP 3-0)
forcible entry - (DOD) Seizing and holding of a military
lodgment in the face of armed opposition or forcing access into a denied area to allow movement and maneuver to accomplish the mission. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-99, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-91, ATP 3-92.
foreign assistance - (DOD) Assistance to foreign nations ranging
from the sale of military equipment and support for foreign internal defense to donations of food and medical supplies to aid survivors of natural and man-made disasters that may be provided through development Assistance, humanitarian Assistance, and security Assistance. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-57.
foreign disaster relief - (DOD) Assistance that can be used
immediately to alleviate the suffering of foreign disaster victims that normally includes services and commodities, as well as the rescue and evacuation of victims; the provision and transportation of food, water, clothing, medicines, beds, bedding, and temporary shelter; the furnishing of medical equipment and medical and technical personnel; and making repairs to essential services. (JP 3-29) Referenced in ATP 3-57.20.
foreign humanitarian assistance - (DOD) Department of
Defense activities conducted outside the United States and its territories to directly relieve or reduce human suffering, disease, hunger, or privation. Also called FHA. (JP 3-29) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-57, ATP 1-06.2, ATP 3-05.2,
ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-92.

foreign instrumentation signals intelligence - (DOD) A
subcategory of signals intelligence consisting of technical information and intelligence derived from the intercept of foreign electromagnetic emissions associated with the testing and operational deployment of non-United States aerospace, surface, and subsurface systems. Also called FISINT. (JP 2-01) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ATP 3-05.20.
foreign internal defense - (DOD) Participation by civilian
agencies and military forces of a government or international organizations in any of the programs and activities undertaken by a host nation government to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security. Also called FID. (JP 3-22) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-07, FM 3-0, FM 3-05, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 3-57, FM 3-96, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-93.
foreign military sales - (DOD) That portion of United States
security
assistance
for
sales
programs
that
require
agreements/contracts between the United States Government and an authorized recipient government or international organization for defense articles and services to be provided to the recipient for current stocks or new procurements under Department of Defense-managed contracts, regardless of the source of financing. Also called FMS. (JP 3-20) Referenced in ATP 3-57.30, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended; Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended.
foreign security forces - Forces, including, but not limited to
military, paramilitary, police, and intelligence forces; border police, coast guard, and customs officials; and prison guards and correctional personnel, that provide security for a host nation and its relevant population or support a regional security organization's mission. (FM 3-22)
forensic-enabled intelligence - (DOD) The intelligence resulting
from the integration of scientifically examined materials and other
information
to
establish
full
characterization,
attribution, and the linkage of events, locations, items, signatures, nefarious intent, and persons of interest. Also called FEI. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0.

forms of maneuver - Distinct tactical combinations of fire and
movement with a unique set of doctrinal characteristics that differ primarily in the relationship between the maneuvering force and the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
forward air controller - (DOD) An officer (aviator/pilot)
member of the tactical air control party who, from a forward ground or airborne position, controls aircraft in close air support of ground troops. Also called FAC. See also close air support. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 4-01.45.
forward air controller (airborne) - (DOD) A specifically trained
and qualified aviation officer, normally an airborne extension of the tactical air control party, who exercises control from the air of aircraft engaged in close air support of ground troops . Also called FAC(A). (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 4-01.45.
forward arming and refueling point - (DOD) A temporary
facility, organized, equipped, and deployed, to provide fuel and ammunition necessary for the employment of aviation
maneuver units in combat. Also called **FARP**. (JP 3-09.3)
Referenced in ATP 3-17.2.
forward boundary - A boundary of an echelon that is primarily
designated to divide responsibilities between it and its next higher echelon (FM 3-90-1)
forward edge of the battle area - (DOD) The foremost limits of
a series of areas in which ground combat units are deployed to coordinate fire support, The positioning of forces, or The maneuver of units, excluding areas in which covering or screening forces are operating. Also called FEBA. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1.
forward line of own troops - (DOD) A line that indicates the
most forward positions of friendly forces in any kind of military operation at a specific time. Also called FLOT. (JP
3-03) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 6-02.53.

forward logistics element - Comprised of task-organized
multifunctional logistics assets designed to support fastmoving offensive operations in the early phases of decisive action. Also called FLE. (ATP 4-90)
forward-looking infrared - (DOD) An airborne, electro-optical,
thermal imaging device that detects far-infrared energy, converts the energy into an electronic signal, and provides a visible image for day or night viewing. Also called FLIR. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-06.1.
forward observer - (DOD) An individual operating with front
line troops trained to adjust ground or naval gunfire and pass back battlefield information. Also called FO. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.20.
forward operating base - (DOD) An airfield used to support
tactical operations without establishing full support facilities. Also called FOB. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ATP 3-21.20.
forward operating site - (DOD) A scalable location outside the
United States and its territories intended for rotational use by operating forces. Also called FOS. (JP 4-04) Referenced in ATP 3-17.2.
forward passage of lines - Occurs when a unit passes through
another unit's positions while moving toward the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
forward resuscitative surgery - Urgent initial surgery required
to render a patient transportable for further evacuation to a medical treatment facility staffed and equipped to provide for the patient's care. (FM 4-02)
463L system - (DOD) A material handling system that consists of
military and civilian aircraft cargo restraint rail systems, aircraft pallets, nets, tie down, coupling devices, facilities, handling equipment, procedures, and other components designed to efficiently accomplish the air logistics and aerial delivery mission. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
fragmentary order - (DOD) An abbreviated operation order
issued as needed to change or modify an order or to execute a branch or sequel. Also called FRAGORD. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.90.
fratricide - The unintentional killing or wounding of friendly or
neutral personnel by friendly firepower. (ADP 3-37)
free-fire area - (DOD) A specific region into which any weapon
system may fire without additional coordination with the establishing headquarters. Also called FFA. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-21.90.
frequency deconfliction - (DOD) A systematic management
procedure to coordinate the use of the electromagnetic spectrum for operations, communications, and intelligence functions. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.70.
friendly - (DOD) A contact positively identified as a friend using
identification, friend or foe and other techniques. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ADP 3-37.
friendly force information requirement - (DOD) Information
the commander and staff need to understand the status of friendly force and supporting capabilities. Also called FFIR. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 6-0, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-22.9, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-20.98, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-02.2.
friendly force tracking - (DOD) The process of fixing, observing,
and reporting the location and movement of friendly forces. Also called FFT. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
frontal attack - A form of maneuver in which the attacking force
seeks to destroy a weaker enemy force or fix a larger enemy force in place over a broad front. (FM 3-90-1)
function - (DOD) The broad, general, and enduring role for
which an organization is designed, equipped, and trained. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 1-01, FM 1-04, FM 1-05.
fusion - Consolidating, combining, and correlating information
together. (ADP 2-0)
gap - 1. An area free of armed mines or obstacles whose width
and direction allow a friendly force to pass through while dispersed in a tactical formation. (FM 1-02.1) 3. A ravine, mountain pass, river, or other terrain feature that presents an obstacle that may be bridged. (ATP 3-90.4)
gap crossing - The projection of combat power across a linear
obstacle (wet or dry gap). (ATP 3-90.4)
general engineering - (DOD) Those engineering capabilities and
activities, other than combat engineering, that provide infrastructure and modify, maintain, or protect the physical environment. Also called GE. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ADP 4-0.
general license - A document that generally or partially relaxes
the exercise of the rights of war in regards to trade in relation to any community or individuals liable to be affected by their operation. (FM 6-27)
general support - (DOD) 1. Support given to the Supported force
as a whole and not to any particular subdivision thereof. Also called GS. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-09.60, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-02.2.
general supportreinforcing - (Army) A support relationship
assigned to a unit to support the force as a whole and to reinforce another similar-type unit. (FM 3-0)
generated obscuration - Obscuration produced by generator
systems, smoke pots, and hand grenades. (ATP 3-11.50)
geospatial data and information - The geographic-referenced
and tactical objects and events that support the unit mission, task, and purpose. (ATP 3-34.80)
geospatial engineering - (DOD) Those engineering capabilities
and activities that contribute to a clear understanding of the physical environment by providing geospatial information and services to commanders and staffs. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 2-22.7.
geospatial information - (DOD) Information that identifies the
geographic location and characteristics of natural or constructed features and boundaries on the Earth, including: statistical data and information derived from, among other things, remote sensing, mapping, and surveying technologies; and mapping, charting, geodetic data and related products. (JP 2-03) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ATP 2-22.7.
geospatial information and services - (DOD) The collection,
information
extraction,
storage,
dissemination,
and
exploitation of geodetic, geomagnetic, imagery, gravimetric, aeronautical, topographic, hydrographic, littoral, cultural, and toponymic data accurately referenced to a precise location on the Earth's surface. Also called GI&S. (JP 2-03) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 2-22.7.
geospatial intelligence - (DOD) The exploitation and analysis of
imagery and geospatial information to describe, assess, and visually
depict
physical
features
and
geographically
referenced activities on the Earth. geospatial intelligence consists of imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial information. Also called GEOINT. (JP 2-03) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0, FM 3-14, FM 3-16, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 2-22.7, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-96.1.
global distribution - (DOD) The process that coordinates and
synchronizes fulfillment of joint force requirements from the point of origin to point of employment. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ADP 4-0.
global engagement manager - Provides automated tools and
decision aids that enable commanders to exercise mission command of ballistic missile defense forces deployed within the combatant command area of responsibility. (ATP 3-27.5)
global force management - (DOD) Processes that align force
assignment, apportionment, and allocation methodologies in support of strategic guidance. Also called GFM. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-35.
Global Positioning System - (DOD) A satellite-based radio
navigation system operated by the Department of Defense to
provide all military, civil, and commercial users with precise positioning, navigation, and timing. Also called GPS. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-14.3.

governance - (DOD) The state's ability to serve the citizens
through the rules, processes, and behavior by which interests are articulated, resources are managed, and power is exercised in a society. (JP 3-24) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 3-96.
government-in-exile - A government that has been displaced
from its country, but remains recognized as the legitimate sovereign authority. (ATP 3-05.1)
government-owned containers - Containers purchased by the
U.S. Government identified by ISO numbers starting with USAU or USAX. (ATP 4-12)
grade resistance - The resistance offered by a grade to the
progress of a train. Also called GR. (ATP 4-14)
graphic control measure - A symbol used on maps and displays
to regulate forces and warfighting functions. (ADP 6-0)
ground-based interceptor - (DOD) A fixed-based, surface-to-air
missile for defense against long-range ballistic missiles using an exo-atmospheric hit-to-kill interception of the targeted reentry vehicle in the midcourse phase of flight. Also called GBI. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.3.
ground-based midcourse defense - (DOD) A surface-to-air
ballistic missile defense system for exo-atmospheric midcourse phase interception of long-range ballistic missiles using the ground-based interceptors. Also called GMD. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.3, ATP 3-27.5.
gross trailing load - The maximum tonnage that a locomotive
can move under given conditions. Also called GTL. (ATP 4-14)
guard - A type of security operation done to protect the main
body by fighting to gain time while preventing enemy ground observation of and direct fire against the main body. (ADP 3-90)
guard rail - A rail or series of rails that lay parallel to the
running rails of a track that help prevent derailments by holding wheels in alignment and keeping derailed wheels on
the ties. (ATP 4-14)

guarded frequencies - (DOD) A list of time-oriented, enemy
frequencies that are currently being exploited for combat information and intelligence or jammed after the commander has weighed the potential operational gain against the loss of the technical information. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
guerrilla - An irregular, predominantly indigenous member of a
guerrilla force organized similar to military concepts and structure in order to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory. Although a guerrilla and guerrilla forces can exist independent of an insurgency, guerrillas normally operate in covert and overt resistance operations of an insurgency. (ATP 3-05.1)
guerrilla base - A temporary site where guerrilla installations,
headquarters, and some guerrilla units are located. A guerrilla base is considered to be transitory and must be capable of rapid displacement by personnel within the base. (ATP 3-05.1)
guerrilla force - (DOD) A group of irregular, predominantly
indigenous personnel organized along military lines to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-18.1.
guerrilla warfare - Military and paramilitary operations
conducted in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory by irregular, predominantly indigenous, guerrilla forces to reduce the effectiveness, industrial capacity, and morale of the enemy. (ATP 3-18.1)
gun-target line - (DOD) An imaginary straight line from gun to
target. Also called GTL. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-09.30.
hasty breach - (DOD) The creation of lanes through enemy
minefields by expedient methods such as blasting with
demolitions, pushing rollers or disabled vehicles through the minefields when the time factor does not permit detailed reconnaissance, deliberate breaching, or bypassing the obstacle. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 3-21.20.

hasty crossing - The crossing of an inland water obstacle or
other gap using the crossing means at hand or those readily available,
and
made
without
pausing
for
elaborate
preparations. (ATP 3-90.4)
hasty operation - An operation in which a commander directs
immediately available forces, using fragmentary orders, to perform tasks with minimal preparation, trading planning and preparation time for speed of execution. (ADP 3-90)
hazard - (DOD) A condition with the potential to cause injury,
illness, or death of personnel; damage to or loss of equipment or property; or mission degradation. (JP 3-33) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-37, FM 3-11, FM 3-14, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.90.
hazardous waste - A solid waste that is listed as such in federal
law or exhibits any of the hazardous characteristics of ignitability, corrosiveness, reactivity, or toxicity. Also called HW. (ATP 3-34.5)
hazardous waste accumulation site - A specially designated
site for the temporary collection of hazardous wastes where no container may remain on site without permit for more than a specified duration, of which is correlative to the amount of refuse stored. (ATP 3-34.5)
health service support - (DOD) All services performed,
provided, or arranged to promote, improve, conserve, or restore the mental or physical well-being of personnel. Also called HSS. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 4-02, ATP 4-02.55, ATP 4-02.84. (Army) Health service support encompasses all support and services performed, provided, and arranged by the Army Medical Department to promote, improve, conserve, or restore the mental and physical well-being of personnel in the Army. Additionally, as directed, provide support in other Services, agencies, and organizations. This includes casualty care (encompassing a number of Army Medical Department
functionsorganic and area medical support, hospitalization, the treatment aspects of dental care and behavioral/ neuropsychiatric treatment, clinical laboratory services, and treatment of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear patients), medical evacuation, and medical logistics. (FM 4-02)

health surveillance - (DOD) The regular or repeated collection,
analysis, and interpretation of health-related data and the dissemination of information to monitor the health of a population and to identify potential health risks, thereby enabling timely interventions to prevent, treat, reduce, or control disease and injury, which includes occupational and environmental health surveillance and medical surveillance subcomponents. (JP 4-02.) Referenced in ATP 4-02.7.
H-hour - (DOD) 1. The specific hour on D-day at which a
particular operation commences. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 3-99, FM 6-0.
high-payoff target - (DOD) A target whose loss to the enemy
will significantly contribute to the success of the friendly course of action. Also called HPT. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-96, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-90.98.
high-payoff target list - A prioritized list of high-payoff targets
by phase of the operation. (FM 3-09)
high-risk personnel - (DOD) Personnel who, by their grade,
assignment, symbolic value, or relative isolation, are likely to be attractive or accessible terrorist targets. Also called HRP. (JP 3-26) Referenced in ADP 3-37.
high-value airborne asset protection - (DOD) A defensive
counterair mission using fighter escorts that defend airborne national assets which are so important that the loss of even one could seriously impact United States warfighting capabilities or provide the enemy with significant propaganda value. Also called HVAA protection. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-55.6.
high-value individual - A person of interest who is identified,
surveilled, tracked, influenced, or engaged. Also called HVI. (ATP 3-60)
high-value target - (DOD) A target the enemy commander
requires for the successful completion of the mission. Also called HVT. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-96, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-90.98.
historical documents - Documents, materials, and data collected
by the field historian to supplement the official record. (ATP 1-20)
historical monograph - An in-depth, systematically researched
and presented historical work that focuses on a single subject or event. (ATP 1-20)
homing - (DOD) The technique whereby a mobile station directs
itself, or is directed, towards a source of primary or reflected energy, or to a specified point. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
homeland - (DOD) The physical region that includes the
continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, United States territories, and surrounding territorial waters and airspace. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28, ATP 2-91.7.
homeland defense - (DOD) The protection of United States
sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and critical infrastructure against external threats and aggression or other threats as directed by the President. Also called HD. (JP 3-27) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-28, FM 3-57, ATP 4-32.
homeland security - (DOD) A concerted national effort to
prevent terrorist attacks within the United States; reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, major disasters, and other emergencies; and minimize the damage and recover from attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies that occur. Also called HS. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
honor - The law of armed conflict principle that demands a
certain amount of fairness in offense and defense and a certain mutual respect between opposing forces. Also called chivalry.
hostile act - (DOD) An attack or other use of force against the
United States, United States forces, or other designated persons or property to preclude or impede the mission and/or duties of United States forces, including the recovery of United States personnel or vital United States Government property. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 3-22.40.
hostile environment - (DOD) Operational environment in which
host government forces, whether opposed to or receptive to operations that a unit intends to conduct, do not have control of the territory and population in the intended operational area. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-14.
hostile intent - (DOD) The threat of imminent use of force
against the United States, United States forces, or other designated persons or property. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-22.40, ATP 4-02.55.
host nation - (DOD) A nation which receives forces and/or
supplies from allied nations and/or North Atlantic Treaty Organization to be located on, to operate in, or to transit through its territory. Also called HN. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-53, FM 3-57, FM 4-01, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 4-15, ATP 4-43, ATP 6-02.70.
host-nation support - (DOD) Civil and/or military assistance
rendered by a nation to foreign forces within its territory during peacetime, crises or emergencies, or war based on agreements mutually concluded between nations. Also called HNS. (JP 4-0) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-57, FM 4-01, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-15.
hub - (DOD) An organization that sorts and distributes inbound
cargo from wholesale supply sources (airlifted, sealifted, and ground transportable) and/or from within the theater. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01. (Army) An organization that sorts and distributes inbound cargo from multiple supply sources. (ATP 4-11)
hub and spoke distribution - (DOD) A physical distribution
system, in which a major port serves as a central point from which cargo is moved to and from several radiating points to increase transportation efficiencies and in-transit visibility. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
human factors - (DOD) The physical, cultural, psychological,
and behavioral attributes of an individual or group that influence perceptions, understanding, and interactions. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
human intelligence - (DOD) A category of intelligence derived
from information collected and provided by human sources. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 3-16, FM 3-24, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-96.1. (Army) The collection by a trained human intelligence collector of foreign information from people and multimedia to identify elements, intentions, composition, strength, dispositions, tactics, equipment, and capabilities. Also called HUMINT. (ADP 2-0)
humanitarian and civic assistance - (DOD) Assistance to the
local populace, specifically authorized by Title 10, United States Code, Section 401, and funded under separate authorities, provided by predominantly United States forces in conjunction with military operations. Also called HCA. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.80.
humanitarian assistance coordination center - (DOD) A
temporary center established by a geographic combatant commander to assist with interagency coordination and planning during the early planning and coordination stages of foreign humanitarian assistance operations. Also called HACC. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-57.
humanitarian mine action - (DOD) Activities that strive to
reduce the social, economic, and environmental impact of land
mines,
unexploded
ordnance,
and
small
arms
ammunition. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 4-32.
humanitarian operations center - (DOD) An international and
interagency body that coordinates the overall relief strategy and unity of effort among all participants in a large foreign
humanitarian assistance operation. Also called HOC. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-57.

humanity - The law of armed conflict principle that forbids
inflicting suffering, injury, or destruction unnecessary to accomplish a legitimate military purpose. Also called unnecessary suffering or superfluous injury. (FM 6-27)
hybrid threat - The diverse and dynamic combination of regular
forces, irregular forces, terrorist forces, or criminal elements unified to achieve mutually benefitting effects. (ADP 3-0)
hypo-chlorination - The application of a hypo-chlorinator to
feed calcium or sodium hypochlorite. (ATP 4-44)
identification - (DOD) 1. The process of determining the friendly
or hostile character of an unknown detected contact. Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-22.40, ATP 3-55.6. 2. In arms control, the process of determining which nation is responsible for the detected violations of any arms control measure. Referenced in ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-01.85. 3. In
ground
combat
operations,
discrimination
between
recognizable objects as being friendly or enemy, or the name that belongs to the object as a member of a class. Also called ID. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-60.2.
identity intelligence - (DOD) The intelligence resulting from the
processing of identity attributes concerning individuals, groups, networks, or populations of interest. Also called I2. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 2-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-33.4.
imagery - (DOD) A likeness or presentation of any natural or
man-made feature or related object or activity, and the positional data acquired at the same time the likeness or representation was acquired, including: products produced by space-based national intelligence reconnaissance systems; and likeness and presentations produced by satellites, airborne platforms, unmanned aerial vehicles, or other similar means
(except that such term does not include handheld or clandestine photography taken by or on behalf of human intelligence collection organizations). (JP 2-03) Referenced in ADP 2-0. ATP 2-22.7, ATP 3-55.6.

imagery exploitation - (DOD) The cycle of processing, using,
interpreting, mensuration and/or manipulating imagery, and any assembly or consolidation of the results for dissemination. (JP 2-03) Referenced in ATP 3-55.6.
imagery intelligence - (DOD) The technical, geographic, and
intelligence information derived through the interpretation or analysis of imagery and collateral materials. Also called IMINT. (JP 2-03) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ATP 2-22.7, ATP 3-05.20.
immediate decontamination - (DOD) Decontamination carried
out by individuals immediately upon becoming contaminated to save lives, minimize casualties, and limit the spread of contamination. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11.
immediate recovery - Performed by assets within a flight
mission that assumes the tactical situation permits a recovery with the forces at hand without detailed planning or coordination. (ATP 3-04.13)
immediate response authority - (DOD) A Federal military
commander's, Department of Defense component head's, and/ or responsible Department of Defense civilian official's authority temporarily to employ resources under their control, subject to any supplemental direction provided by higher headquarters, and provide those resources to save lives, prevent human suffering, or mitigate great property damage in response to a request for assistance from civil authority, under imminently serious conditions when time does not permit approval from a higher authority within the United States. Immediate response authority does not permit actions that would subject civilians to the use of military power that is regulatory, prescriptive, proscriptive, or compulsory. (DODD 3025.18) Referenced in ADP 3-28, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.
improvisation - The ability to adapt sustainment operations to
unexpected situations or circumstances affecting a mission. (ADP 4-0)

improvised explosive device - (DOD) A weapon that is
fabricated or emplaced in an unconventional manner incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals. Also called IED. (JP 3-15.1) Referenced in ATP 4-01.45, ATP 4-32, ATP 4-32.2.
implied task - (Army) A task that must be performed to
accomplish a specified task or mission but is not stated in the
higher headquarters' order. (FM 6-0) See also **essential task**, specified task.
incapacitating agent - (DOD) A chemical agent, which produces
temporary disabling conditions that can be physical or mental and persist for hours or days after exposure to the agent has ceased. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 4-02.85.
incident - (DOD) An occurrence, caused by either human action
or natural phenomena, that requires action to prevent or minimize loss of life or damage to, loss of, or other risks to property, information, and/or natural resources. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.
incident awareness and assessment - (DOD) The processing,
analysis, and dissemination of information collected or acquired
through
the
authorized
use
of
intelligence,
surveillance, and reconnaissance, and other intelligence, intelligence-related,
and/or
non-intelligence
capabilities,
during defense support of civil authorities and National Guard domestic operations. Also called IAA. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.
incident command system (DOD) A standardized on-scene
emergency management construct designed to aid in the management of resources during incidents. Also called ICS. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.
incident management - (DOD) A national comprehensive
approach to preventing, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28, ATP 3-28.1.
indications - (DOD) In intelligence usage, information in various
degrees of evaluation, all of which bear on the intention of a potential enemy to adopt or reject a course of action. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 2-33.4.
indicator - (DOD) 1. In intelligence usage, an item of
information which reflects the intention or capability of an adversary to adopt or reject a course of action. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 3-13.4, FM 3-98, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-33.4. 3. In the context of assessment, a specific piece of information that infers the condition, state, or existence of something, and provides a reliable means to ascertain performance or effectiveness. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-07, ADP 5-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-96.1.
indigenous populations and institutions - (DOD) The societal
framework of an operational environment including citizens; legal and illegal immigrants; dislocated civilians; and governmental, tribal, ethnic, religious, commercial, and private organizations and entities. Also called IPI. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.70.
individual protective equipment - (DOD) The personal clothing
and equipment provided to all military, government civilians, and contractors authorized to accompany the force required to protect an individual from chemical, biological, and radiological hazards and some nuclear hazards. Also called IPE. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.84.
infiltration - (Army) A form of maneuver in which an attacking
force conducts undetected movement through or into an area occupied by enemy forces to occupy a position of advantage in the enemy rear while exposing only small elements to enemy defensive fires. (FM 3-90-1)
infiltration lane - A control measure that coordinates forward
and lateral movement of infiltrating units and fixes fire
planning responsibilities. (FM 3-90-1) See also **infiltration**.
influent - Water flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment
operation. (ATP 4-44)
information - In the context of decision making, data that has
been organized and processed in order to provide context for
further analysis. (ADP 6-0)

information collection - An activity that synchronizes and
integrates the planning and employment of sensors and assets as well as the processing, exploitation, and dissemination systems in direct support of current and future operations. (FM 3-55)
information environment - (DOD) The aggregate of individuals,
organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on information. (JP 3-13) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-37, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 3-99, FM 4-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 6-02.54, ATP 6-02.60, ATP 6-02.71.
information for effect - Factual information used in publication
or broadcast to negatively affect perceptions and/or damage credibility and capability of the targeted group. (FM 3-53)
information fratricide - Adverse effects on the information
environment resulting from a failure to effectively synchronize the employment of multiple information related capabilities which may impede the conduct of friendly operations or adversely affect friendly forces. (FM 3-13)
information management - (Army) The science of using
procedures and information systems to collect, process, store, display, disseminate, and protect data, information, and knowledge
products.
(ADP
6-0)
See
also
situational
understanding.
information operations - (DOD) The integrated employment,
during military operations, of information-related capabilities in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision-making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own. Also called IO. (JP 3-13) Referenced in ADP 3-07, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, FM 3-0, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-14, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 3-96, FM 3-99, FM 6-05, ATP 1-05.03, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 6-0.5.
information-related capability - (DOD) A tool, technique, or
activity employed within a dimension of the information environment that can be used to create effects and operationally desirable conditions. Also called IRC. (JP 3-13) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 3-13, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-92.
information requirements - (DOD) In intelligence usage, those
items of information regarding the adversary and other relevant aspects of the operational environment that need to be collected and processed in order to meet the intelligence requirements of a commander. Also called IR. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 3-96, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-55.6.
information superiority - (DOD) The operational advantage
derived from the ability to collect, process, and disseminate an uninterrupted flow of information while exploiting or denying an adversary's ability to do the same. See also information operations. (JP 3-13) Referenced in FM 3-57, FM 3-99, ATP 3-18.4.
infrastructure
reconnaissance
-
A
multidisciplinary
reconnaissance focused on gathering technical information on the condition and capacity of existing public systems, municipal services, and facilities within an assigned area of operations. (ATP 3-34.81)
initial reception point - (DOD) In personnel recovery, a secure
area or facility under friendly control where initial reception of recovered isolated personnel can safely take place. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
inland petroleum distribution system - (DOD) A multi-product
system consisting of both commercially available and military standard petroleum equipment that can be assembled by military personnel and, when assembled into an integrated petroleum distribution system, provides the military with the capability required to support an operational force with bulk fuels. Also called IPDS. (JP 4-03) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-43.
inpatient - A person admitted to and treated within a Role 3 and
4 hospital and who cannot be returned to duty within the same calendar day. ATP 4-02.10)

insider threat - A person with placement and access who
intentionally causes loss or degradation of resources or capabilities or compromises the ability of an organization to accomplish its mission through espionage, providing support to international terrorism, or the unauthorized release or disclosure of information about the plans and intentions of United States military forces. (AR 381-12) Referenced in ADP 3-37.
institutional training domain - The Army's institutional
training and education system, which primarily includes training base centers and schools that provide initial training and subsequent professional military education for Soldiers, military leaders, and Army Civilians. (ADP 7-0)
instruments of national power - (DOD) All of the means
available to the government in its pursuit of national objectives. They are expressed as diplomatic, economic, informational and military. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-57.60.
insurgency - (DOD) The organized use of subversion and
violence to seize, nullify, or challenge political control of a region. Insurgency can also refer to the group itself. (JP 3-24) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-20.96, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 4-14.
integrated air and missile defense - (DOD) The integration of
capabilities and overlapping operations to defend the homeland and United States national interests, protect the joint force, and enable freedom of action by negating an enemy?s ability to create adverse effects from their air and missile capabilities. Also called IAMD. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-27.5.
integration - (DOD) 1. In force protection, the synchronized
transfer of units into an operational commander's force prior to mission execution. Referenced in FM 6-05. 2, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-92. 2. The arrangement of military forces and their actions to create a force that operates by engaging as a whole.
Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 3-96, FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20. 3. In photography, a process by which the average radar picture seen on several scans of the time base may be obtained on a print, or the process by which several photographic images are combined into a single image. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.7. (Army) Combining all of the sustainment elements within operations assuring unity of command and effort. (ADP 4-0)

intelligence - (DOD) 1. The product resulting from the
collection, processing, integration, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign nations, hostile or potentially hostile forces or elements, or areas of actual or potential operations. Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0, ATP 3-01.81, FM 3-24, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-90.98. 2. The activities that result in the product. Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-55.6. 3. The organizations engaged in such activities. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-55.6.
intelligence analysis - The process by which collected
information is evaluated and integrated with existing information to facilitate intelligence production. (ADP 2-0)
intelligence community - (DOD) All departments or agencies of
a government that are concerned with intelligence activity, either in an oversight, managerial, support, or participatory role. Also called IC. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0.
intelligence estimate - (DOD) The appraisal, expressed in
writing or orally, of available intelligence relating to a specific situation or condition with a view to determining the courses of action open to the enemy or adversary and the order of probability of their adoption. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-13.1.
intelligence operations - (DOD) The variety of intelligence and
counterintelligence tasks that are carried out by various intelligence
organizations
and
activities
within
the
intelligence process. (JP 2-01) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-05.1. (Army) The tasks undertaken by military intelligence units through the intelligence disciplines to obtain information to satisfy validated requirements. (ADP 2-0)

intelligence preparation of the battlefield - (Army) The
systematic process of analyzing the mission variables of enemy, terrain, weather, and civil considerations in an area of interest to determine their effect on operations. Also called IPB. (ATP 2-01.3)
intelligence preparation of the battlespace - (DOD) The
analytical methodologies employed by The Services or joint force
component
commands
to
reduce
uncertainties
concerning The enemy, environment, time, and terrain. Also called IPB. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 6-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-90.98.
intelligence process - (DOD) The process by which information
is converted into intelligence and made available to users, consisting of the six interrelated intelligence operations: planning
and
direction,
collection,
processing
and
exploitation, analysis and production, dissemination and integration,
and
evaluation
and
feedback.
(JP
2-01)
Referenced in ATP 3-55.6.
intelligence reach - The activity by which intelligence
organizations proactively and rapidly access information from, receive support from, and conduct direct collaboration and information sharing with other units and agencies, both within and outside the area of operations, unconstrained by geographic proximity, echelon, or command. (ADP 2-0)
intelligence requirement - (DOD) 1. Any subject, general or
specific, upon which there is a need for the collection of information, or the production of intelligence. Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-05.20. 2. A requirement for intelligence to fill a gap in the command's knowledge or understanding of the operational environment or threat forces. Also called IR. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-13.1.
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance - (DOD) 1. An
integrated operations and intelligence activity that synchronizes and integrates the planning and operation of sensors, assets, and processing, exploitation, and dissemination systems in direct support of current and future operations. Also called ISR. (JP 2-01) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0, FM 3-16, FM 6-05, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2.

intelligence
synchronization
-
The
art
of
integrating
information collection; intelligence processing, exploitation, and dissemination; and intelligence analysis with operations to effectively and efficiently fight for intelligence in support of decision making. (ADP 2-0)
intelligence system - (DOD) Any formal or informal system to
manage data gathering, to obtain and process the data, to interpret the data, and to provide reasoned judgments to decision makers as a basis for action . (JP 2-01) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.
intelligence warfighting function - The related tasks and
systems that facilitate understanding the enemy, terrain, weather, civil considerations, and other significant aspects of the operational environment. (ADP 3-0) See also warfighting function.
interagency - (DOD) Of or pertaining to United States
Government
agencies
and
departments,
including
the
Department of Defense. (JP 3-08) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 3-53, ATP 1-06.2, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
interagency coordination - (DOD) Within the context of
Department of Defense involvement, the coordination that occurs between elements of Department of Defense, and participating United States Government departments and agencies for the purpose of achieving an objective. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-53, FM 4-0, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
interdict - A tactical mission task where the commander
prevents, disrupts, or delays the enemy's use of an area or
route. (FM 3-90-1) See also delay, disrupt, tactical mission
task.

interdiction - (DOD) 1. An action to divert, disrupt, delay, or
destroy the enemy's military surface capability before it can be used effectively against friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives. (JP 3-03) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-91.1, ATP 3-92.
interior lines - Lines on which a force operates when its
operations diverge from a central point. (ADP 3-0)
intermediate staging base - (DOD) A tailorable, temporary
location used for staging forces, sustainment and/or extraction into and out of an operational area. Also called ISB. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 4-0, FM 3-99, FM 4-0, ATP 3-35.
intermodal - (DOD) Type of international freight system that
permits transshipping among sea, highway, rail, and air modes of transportation through use of American National Standards Institute and International Organization for Standardization containers, linehaul assets, and handling equipment. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-13.
intermodal operations - The process of using multiple modes
(air, sea, highway, rail) and conveyances (truck, barge, containers, pallets) to move troops, supplies and equipment through expeditionary entry points and the network of specialized transportation nodes to sustain land forces. (ADP 4-0)
internal advisement - A required religious support capability
that advises on religion, morals, and morale within units, and ethical decision making of the command. (ATP 1-05.04)
internal defense and development - (DOD) The full range of
measures taken by a nation to promote its growth and to protect itself from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security. Also called IDAD. (JP 3-22) Referenced in ADP 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-91.
internally displaced person - (DOD) Any person who has been
forced or obliged to flee or to leave their home or places of habitual residence, in particular, as a result of or to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence,
violations of human rights, or natural or human-made disasters and who has not crossed an internationally recognized state border. Also called IDP. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.31.

international armed conflict - Any declared war between
States, or to any other armed conflict between States, even if the state of war is not recognized by one of them. (FM 6-27)
international military education and training - (DOD) Formal
or informal instruction provided to foreign military students, units, and forces on a nonreimbursable (grant) basis by offices or employees of the United States, contract technicians, and contractors, and the instruction may include correspondence courses; technical, educational, or informational publications; and media of all kinds. Also called IMET. (JP 3-22) Referenced in ATP 3-57.30.
international organization - (NATO) An intergovernmental,
regional or global organization governed by international law and established by a group of states, with international juridical personality given by international agreement, however characterized, creating enforceable rights and obligations for the purpose of fulfilling a given function and pursuing common aims. (STANAG 3680/AAP-6) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
interoperability - (DOD) 1. The ability to act together
coherently, effectively, and efficiently to achieve tactical, operational, and strategic objectives. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-16, FM 4-01, FM 6-05. 2. The condition achieved among communications-electronics
systems
or
items
of
communications-electronics equipment when information or services can be exchanged directly and satisfactorily between them and/or their users. (JP 6-0) Referenced in FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-94.1, ATP 6-02.54.
interorganizational cooperation - (DOD) The interaction that
occurs among elements of the Department of Defense; participating United States Government departments and agencies; state, territorial, local, and tribal agencies; foreign military forces and government agencies; international
organizations;
nongovernmental organizations;
and the private sector. (JP 3-08) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 4-0.

intertheater airlift - (DOD) The common-user airlift linking
theaters to the continental United States and to other theaters, as well as the airlift within the continental United States. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-48.
interzonal operations - Operations which cross area of
operation boundaries of a specific transportation organization and operate under the area control of more than one headquarters or command. (ATP 4-11)
in-transit visibility - (DOD) The ability to track the identity,
status, and location of Department of Defense units, and nonunit cargo (excluding bulk petroleum, oils, and lubricants) and passengers; patients; and personal property from origin to consignee or destination across the range of military operations. Also called ITV. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 3-0, FM 4-0, FM 4-01, FM 4-40, ATP 4-0.1, ATP 4-12.
intratheater airlift - (DOD) Airlift conducted within a theater
with assets assigned to a geographic combatant commander or attached to a subordinate joint force commander. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-48.
intrazonal operations - Operations confined within a specific
transportation organization's area of operation. (ATP 4-11)
inventory control - (DOD) That phase of military logistics that
includes managing, cataloging, requirements determinations, procurement, distribution, overhaul, and disposal of materiel. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 4-42.2.
ionizing radiation - (DOD) Particulate (alpha, beta, and
neutron) and electromagnetic (X-ray and gamma) radiation of sufficient energy to displace electrons from atoms, producing ions. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-50.20.
irregular warfare - (DOD) A violent struggle among state and
non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant population(s). Also called IW. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 6-05, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6.
isolate - To separate a force from its sources of support in order
to reduce its effectiveness and increase its vulnerability to defeat. (ADP 3-0)
isolated personnel - (DOD) United States military, Department
of Defense civilians and contractor personnel (and others designated by the President or Secretary of Defense) who are separated from their unit (as an individual or a group) while participating in a United States sponsored military activity or mission and are, or may be, in a situation where they must survive, evade, resist, or escape. See also combat search and rescue; search and rescue. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22.
isolated personnel report - (DOD A Department of Defense
form containing information designed to facilitate the identification and authentication of an isolated person by a recovery force. Also called ISOPREP. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.3, ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.22, ATP 3-53.1.
joint - (DOD) Connotes activities, operations, organizations, etc.,
in which elements of two or more Military Departments participate. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-05.20.
joint air component coordination element - (DOD) A general
term for the liaison element that serves as the direct representative of the joint force air component commander for joint air operations. Also called JACCE. (JP 3-30) Referenced in FM 6-05.
joint
air-ground
integration
center
-
(DOD)
A
staff
organization designed to enhance joint collaborative efforts to deconflict joint air-ground assets in the division's airspace. Also called JAGIC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-60.2.
joint air operations center - (DOD) A jointly staffed facility
established for planning, directing, and executing joint air operations in support of the joint force commander's
operation or campaign objectives. Also called JAOC. (JP 3-30) Referenced in ATP 3-60.2.

joint combined exchange training - (DOD) A program
conducted overseas to fulfill United States forces training requirements and at the same time exchange the sharing of skills between United States forces and host nation counterparts. Also called JCET. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ATP 3-53.1.
joint deployment and distribution enterprise - (DOD) The
complex of equipment, procedures, doctrine, leaders, technical connectivity, information, shared knowledge, organizations, facilities, training, and materiel necessary to conduct joint distribution operations. Also called JDDE. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ATP 4-13.
joint deployment and distribution operations center - (DOD)
A combatant command movement control organization designed to synchronize and optimize national and theater multimodal resources for deployment, distribution, and sustainment. Also called JDDOC. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
joint doctrine - (DOD) Fundamental principles that guide the
employment of United States military forces in coordinated action toward a common objective and may include terms, tactics, techniques, and procedures. (CJCSI 5120.02E) Referenced in ADP 1-01.
joint electromagnetic spectrum operations - (DOD) Military
actions undertaken by a joint force to exploit, attack, protect, and manage the electromagnetic environment. Also called JEMSO. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
joint engagement zone - (DOD) In air and missile defense, that
airspace of defined dimensions within which multiple air and missile defense systems (surface-to-air missiles and aircraft) are simultaneously employed to engage air and missile threats. Also called JEZ. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15.
joint field office - (DOD) A temporary multiagency coordination
center established at the incident site to provide a central location for coordination of federal, state, local, tribal,
nongovernmental, and private-sector organizations with primary responsibility for incident oversight, direction, or assistance to effectively coordinate protection, prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery actions. Also called JFO. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.

joint fires - (DOD) Fires delivered during the employment of
forces from two or more components in coordinated action to produce desired effects in support of a common objective. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 6-05, FM 3-52, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-92.
joint fires element - (DOD) An optional staff element that
provides recommendations to the operations directorate to accomplish fires planning and synchronization. Also called JFE. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ADP 3-19, ATP 3-60.2.
joint fires observer - (DOD) A certified and qualified Service
member who requests, controls, and adjusts surface-to-surface fires; provides targeting information in support of close air support; and performs terminal guidance operations. Also called JFO. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-52, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
joint fire support - (DOD) fires that assist air, land, maritime,
and special operations forces to move, maneuver, and control territory, populations, airspace, and key waters. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 6-05, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-92.
joint force - (DOD) A force composed of elements, assigned or
attached, of two or more Military Departments operating under a single joint force commander. See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 4-0, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-52.2.
joint force air component commander - (DOD) The
commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking air forces; planning and
coordinating air operations; or accomplishing such operational
missions as may be assigned. Also called JFACC. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
joint force commander - (DOD) A general term applied to a
combatant commander, subunified commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command (command authority) or operational control over a joint force. Also called JFC. See also joint force. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 4-40, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
joint force land component commander - (DOD) The
commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking land forces; planning and coordinating land operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFLCC. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 4-43.
joint force maritime component commander - (DOD) The
commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking maritime forces and assets; planning and coordinating maritime operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFMCC. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
joint force special operations component commander
(DOD)
The
commander
within
a
unified
command,
subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking special operations forces and assets; planning and coordinating special operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFSOCC. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-52.2,
ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-76.

joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment
- (DOD) The analytical process used by joint intelligence organizations to produce intelligence estimates and other intelligence
products
in
support
of
the
joint
force
commander's decision-making process. Also called JIPOE. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 6-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-55.6.
joint integrated prioritized target list - (DOD) A prioritized list
of targets approved and maintained by the joint force commander. Also called JIPTL. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-60.2.
joint interagency coordination group - (DOD) A staff group
that establishes regular, timely, and
collaborative working relationships between civilian and military
operational planners. Also called JIACG. (JP 3-08) Referenced in FM 3-57.
joint logistics over-the-shore operations - (DOD) Operations in
which Navy and Army logistics over-the-shore forces conduct logistics over-the-shore operations together under a joint force commander. Also called JLOTS. (JP 4-01.6) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 4-15, ATP 4-43.
joint operations - (DOD) Military actions conducted by joint
forces and those Service forces employed in specified command relationships with each other, which of themselves, do not establish joint forces. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, FM 3-0, FM 4-0, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-09.13, ATP 3-52.2.
joint operations area - (DOD) An area of land, sea, and
airspace, defined by a geographic combatant commander or subordinate unified commander, in which a joint force commander (normally a joint task force commander) conducts military operations to accomplish a specific mission. Also called JOA. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 4-40, FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 4-93.
joint personnel recovery center - (DOD) The primary joint
force organization responsible for planning and coordinating
personnel recovery for military operations within the assigned operational area. Also called JPRC. (JP 3-50) Referenced in FM 3-50, ATP 3-50.10.

joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration
- (DOD) A phase of joint force projection occurring in the operational area during which arriving personnel, equipment, and materiel transition into forces capable of meeting operational requirements. Also called JRSOI. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-35.
joint restricted frequency list - (DOD) A time and
geographically oriented listing of TABOO, PROTECTED, and GUARDED functions, nets, and frequencies and limited to the minimum number of frequencies necessary for friendly forces to accomplish objectives. Also called JRFL. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
joint special operations air component commander - (DOD)
The commander within a joint force special operations command responsible for planning and executing joint special operations air activities. Also called JSOACC. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-76.
joint special operations area - (DOD) An area of land, sea, and
airspace assigned by a joint force commander to the commander of a joint special operations force to conduct special operations activities. Also called JSOA. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 6-05, ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-76.
joint special operations task force - (DOD) A joint task force
composed of special operations units from more than one Service, formed to carry out a specific special operation or prosecute special operations in support of a theater campaign or other operations. Also called JSOTF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-18, FM 6-05, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-75, ATP 3-76.
joint targeting coordination board - (DOD) A group formed by
the joint force commander to accomplish broad targeting oversight functions that may include, but are not limited to,
coordinating targeting information;
providing targeting guidance, synchronization, and priorities; and approving the joint integrated prioritized target list. Also called JTCB. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-09.34.

joint task force - (DOD) A joint force that is constituted and so
designated by the Secretary of Defense, a combatant commander, a subunified commander, or an existing joint task force commander. Also called JTF. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.70.
joint terminal attack controller - (DOD) A qualified (certified)
Service member who, from a forward position, directs the action of combat aircraft engaged in close air support and other offensive air operations. Also called JTAC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 4-01.45.
jumpmaster - (DOD) The assigned airborne-qualified individual
who controls paratroops from the time they enter the aircraft until they exit. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ATP 3-18.11.
jus ad bellum - That part of international law that regulates the
circumstances in which States may resort to the use of force in international relations. (FM 6-27)
jus in bello - That part of international law relating to the
conduct of hostilities and the protection of war victims, from combatants who are wounded and out of combat, to prisoners of war and civilians. (FM 6-27)
key communicator - An individual to whom the target audience
turns most often for an analysis or interpretation of information and events. (FM 3-53)
key leader engagement - Planned meeting(s) with an influential
leader with the intent of building a relationship that facilitates communication and cooperation across a wider population. (FM 3-53)
key tasks - Those significant activities the force must perform as
a whole to achieve the desired end state. (ADP 6-0)
key terrain - (DOD) Any locality, or area, the seizure or
retention of which affords a marked advantage to either combatant. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 3-12, FM 3-90-1, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20. (Army) An identifiable characteristic whose seizure or retention affords a marked advantage to either combatant. (ADP 3-90)
kill box - (DOD) A three-dimensional permissive fire support
coordination
measure
with
an
associated
airspace
coordinating measure used to facilitate the integration of fires. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
kill box coordinator - The aircraft assigned responsibility to deconflict
aircraft
and
manage/direct
effective
target
engagement in a kill box. Also called KBC. (ATP 3-09.34)
kill zone - That part of an ambush site where fire is concentrated
to isolate, fix, and destroy the enemy. See also ambush, destroy, fix, isolate. (FM 3-90-1)
knowledge - In the context of decision making, information that
has been analyzed and evaluated for operational implications. (ADP 6-0)
knowledge management - The process of enabling knowledge
flow to enhance shared understanding, learning, and decision making. (ADP 6-0)
land domain - (DOD) The area of the Earth's surface ending at
the high water mark and overlapping with the maritime domain in the landward segment of the littorals. (JP 3-31) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 3-19, ATP 2-01.3.
landing area - (DOD) 1. That part of the operational area within
which are conducted the landing operations of an amphibious force. 2. In airborne operations, the general area used for landing troops and materiel either by airdrop or air landing. 3. Any specially prepared or selected surface of land, water, or
deck designated or used for takeoff and landing of aircraft. (JP 3-02) Referenced in ATP 3-17.2.

landing site (DOD) 1. A site within a landing zone containing
one or more landing points. See also airfield. 2. In amphibious operations, a continuous segment of coastline over which troops, equipment, and supplies can be landed by surface means. (JP 3-02) Referenced in ATP 3-17.2.
landing zone - (DOD) Any specific zone used for the landing of
aircraft. Also called LZ. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ATP 3-17.2, ATP 3-60.1.
land mine - A munition on or near the ground or other surface
area that is designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity, or contact of a person or vehicle. (ATP 3-90.8)
landpower - The abilityby threat, force, or occupationto
gain, sustain, and exploit control over land, resources, and people. (ADP 3-0)
lane - A route through, over, or around an enemy or friendly
obstacle that provides passage of a force. (ATP 3-90.4)
lane training exercise - A standardized and structured exercise
or simulation used to train on one or more collective tasks that includes a designated area, terrain, or facility. Also called LTX. (FM 7-0)
large-scale combat operations - Extensive joint combat
operations in terms of scope and size of forces committed, conducted as a campaign aimed at achieving operational and strategic objectives. (ADP 3-0)
large-scale ground combat operations - Sustained combat
operations involving multiple corps and divisions. (ADP 3-0)
lateral boundary - A boundary that extends from the rear
boundary to the unit's forward boundary. (FM 3-90-1)
latest arrival date - (DOD) A day, relative to C-Day, that is
specified by the supported combatant commander as the latest date when a unit, resupply shipment, or replacement personnel can arrive at the port of debarkation and support the concept of operations. Also called LAD. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 4-01.
latest time information is of value - The time by which an
intelligence organization or staff must deliver information to the requestor in order to provide decisionmakers with timely intelligence. This must include the time anticipated for processing and disseminating that information as well as for making the decision. Also called LTIOV. (ATP 2-01)
law enforcement interrogation - The systematic effort by law
enforcement investigators to prove, disprove, or corroborate information relevant to a criminal investigation using direct questioning in a controlled environment. (ATP 3-39.10)
law of war - (DOD) That part of international law that regulates
the conduct of armed hostilities. Also called the law of armed conflict. (JP 3-84) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 6-27, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-60.1.
lead agency - (DOD) The United States Government agency
designated to coordinate the interagency oversight of the dayto-day conduct of an ongoing operation. (JP 3-08) Referenced in FM 3-16.
leadership - The activity of influencing people by providing
purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish the mission and improve the organization. (ADP 6-22)
lead Service or agency for common-user logistics - (DOD) A
Service component or Department of Defense agency that is responsible for execution of common-user item and service support in a specific combatant command or multinational operation as defined in the combatant or subordinate joint force commander's operation plan, operation order, and/or directives. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 4-0.
letter of authorization - (DOD) A document issued by the
procuring contracting officer or designee that authorizes contractor personnel authorized to accompany the force to travel to, from, and within an operational area and outlines authorized government support authorizations within the operational area, as agreed to under the terms and conditions of the contract. Also called LOA. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
levee en masse - Inhabitants of a non-occupied territory who,
upon approach of the enemy, spontaneously take up arms to resist the invading forces, with no time to form into regular armed units, provided that they carry their arms openly and respect the laws and customs of war. (FM 6-27)
level I threat - A small enemy force that can be defeated by
those units normally operating in the echelon support area or by the perimeter defenses established by friendly bases and base clusters. (ATP 3-91)
level II threat - An enemy force or activities that can be defeated
by a base or base cluster's defensive capabilities when augmented by a response force. (ATP 3-91)
level III threat - An enemy force or activities beyond the
defensive capability of both the base and base cluster and any local reserve or response force. (ATP 3-91)
level of detail - (DOD) Within the current joint planning and
execution
system,
movement
characteristics
for
both
personnel and cargo are described at six distinct levels of detail. Levels I, V, and VI describe personnel and Levels I through IV and VI for cargo. Levels I through IV are coded and visible in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System automated data processing. Levels V and VI are used by Joint Operation Planning and Execution System automated data processing feeder systems. a. level I- personnel: expressed as total number of passengers by unit line number. Cargo: expressed in total short tons, total measurement tons, total square feet, and total thousands of barrels by unit line number. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants is expressed by thousands of barrels by unit line number. b. level II- cargo: expressed by short tons and measurement tons of bulk, oversize, outsize, and non-air transportable cargo by unit line number. Also square feet for vehicles and non self-deployable aircraft and boats by unit line number. c. level III - cargo: detail by cargo category code expressed as short tons and measurement tons as well as square feet associated to that cargo category code for an individual unit line number. d. level IV- cargo: detail for individual dimensional data expressed in length, width, and height in number of inches,
and weight/volume in short tons/measurement tons, along with a cargo description. Each cargo item is associated with a cargo category code and a unit line number). e. level V- personnel: any general summarization/aggregation of level VI detail in distribution and deployment. f. level VI- personnel: detail expressed by name, Service, military occupational specialty and unique identification number. Cargo: detail expressed by association to a transportation control number or single tracking number or item of equipment to include federal stock number/national stock number and/or requisition number. Nested cargo, cargo that is contained within another equipment item, may similarly be identified. Also called JOPES level of detail. (CJCSM 3122.01A) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.

levels of warfare - A framework for defining and clarifying the
relationship among national objectives, the operational approach, and tactical tasks. (ADP 1-01)
L-hour - (DOD) 1. The specific hour on C-day at which a
deployment operation commences or is to commence. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0.
life cycle - (DOD) The total phases through which an item passes
from the time it is initially developed until the time it is either consumed in use or disposed of as being excess to all known materiel requirements. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 6-02.40.
lighterage - (DOD) The process in which small craft are used to
transport cargo or personnel from ship-to-shore using amphibians, landing craft, discharge lighters, causeways, and barges. (JP 4-01.6) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-13, ATP 4-15.
limited depositary account - A checking account in a United
States or foreign commercial bank that is designated by the Treasury Department to receive deposits from Disbursing Officers for credit to their official limited depositary checking accounts. (FM 1-06)
limit of advance - A phase line used to control forward progress
of the attack. Also called LOA. (ADP 3-90)
line formation - When a unit's subordinate ground maneuver
elements move abreast of each other. (FM 3-90-1)
line haul - An operation in which vehicles cannot make more
than one round trip per day due to distance, terrain restrictions, or transit time. (ATP 4-11)
line of communications - (DOD) A route, either land, water,
and/or air, that connects an operating military force with a base of operations and along which supplies and military forces move. Also called LOC. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 3-90-1, FM 4-01, FM 4-40, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-60.2.
line of communications bridging - Bridges used to establish
semipermanent or permanent support to road networks. (ATP 3-90.4)
line of contact - A general trace delineating the locations where
friendly and enemy forces are engaged. (ADP 3-90)
line of demarcation - (DOD) A line defining the boundary of a
buffer zone used to establish the forward limits of disputing or belligerent forces after each phase of disengagement or withdrawal has been completed . (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
line of departure - 1. In land warfare, a line designated to
coordinate the departure of attack elements. Also called LD. (JP 3-31) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-96.
line of effort - (DOD) In the context of planning, using the
purpose (cause and effect) to focus efforts toward establishing operational and strategic conditions by linking multiple tasks and missions . Also called LOE. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-24. (Army) A line that links multiple tasks using the logic of purpose rather than geographical reference to focus efforts toward establishing a desired end state. (ADP 3-0)
line of fire - 1. As it relates to the principle of the reciprocal
laying of field artillery weapons, any line parallel to the azimuth of fire. 2. The direction of the line established by the tube or any line parallel to that line in the firing battery. (ATP 3-09.50)
line of operation(s) - (DOD) A line that defines the interior or
exterior orientation of the force in relation to the enemy or that connects actions on nodes and/or decisive points related in time and space to an objective(s). Also called LOO. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-24. (Army) A line that defines the directional orientation of a force in time and space in relation to the enemy and links the force with its base of operations and objectives. (ADP 3-0)

line of sight - (Army) The unobstructed path from a Soldier's
weapon, weapon sight, electronic sending and receiving antennas, or piece of reconnaissance equipment from one point to another. (ATP 2-01.3)
lines of patient drift - Natural routes along which wounded
Soldiers may be expected to go back for medical care from a combat position. (ATP 4-02.2)
link - (DOD) 1. A behavioral, physical, or functional relationship
between nodes. Referenced in FM 3-13.4, FM 3-57. 2. In communications, a general term used to indicate the existence of communications facilities between two points. 3. A maritime route, other than a coastal or transit route, which links any two or more routes. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-57.70.
linkup - A meeting of friendly ground forces, which occurs in a
variety of circumstances. (ADP 3-90)
linkup point - The point where two infiltrating elements in the
same or different infiltration lanes are scheduled to meet to consolidate before proceeding on with their missions. (FM 3-90-1)
littoral - (DOD) The littoral comprises two segments of
operational environment: 1. Seaward: the area from the open ocean to the shore, which must be controlled to support operations ashore. 2. Landward: the area inland from the shore that can be supported and defended directly from the sea. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
local haul - An operation in which vehicles can make two or
more round trips per day based on distance and transit time. (ATP 4-11)
local security - The low-level security activities conducted near
a unit to prevent surprise by the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
locate - (DOD) In personnel recovery, the task where actions are
taken to precisely find and authenticate the identity of isolated personnel. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
lodgment - (DOD) A designated area in a hostile or potentially
hostile operational area that, when seized and held, makes the continuous landing of troops and materiel possible and provides maneuver space for subsequent operations. (JP 3-18) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-99, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-91.
logistics - (DOD) Planning and executing the movement and
support of forces. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ATP 3-06, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 4-48. (Army) Planning and executing the movement and support of forces. It includes those aspects of military operations that deal with: design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation and disposition of materiel, acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities, and acquisition or furnishing of services. (ADP 4-0)
logistics package - A grouping of multiple classes of supply and
supply vehicles under the control of a single convoy commander. Also called LOGPAC. (FM 3-90-1) See also
classes of supply.
logistics over-the-shore operations - (DOD) The loading and
unloading of ships without the benefit of deep draft-capable, fixed port facilities; or as a means of moving forces closer to tactical assembly areas dependent on threat force capabilities. Also called LOTS operations. (JP 4-01.6) Referenced in ATP 3-34.84, ATP 4-15.
low visibility operations - (DOD) Sensitive operations wherein
the diplomatic-military restrictions inherent in covert and clandestine operations are either not necessary or not feasible; actions are taken as required to limit exposure of those involved and/or their activities and with the knowledge that the action and/or sponsorship of the operation may preclude plausible denial by the initiating power. (JP 3-05) Referenced
in ATP 3-05.1.

## M

main battle area - The area where the commander intends to
deploy the bulk of the unit's combat power and conduct decisive operations to defeat an attacking enemy. Also called MBA. (ADP 3-90)
main body - The principal part of a tactical command or
formation. It does not include detached elements of the command, such as advance guards, flank guards, and covering forces. (ADP 3-90)
main command post - A facility containing the majority of the
staff designed to control current operations, conduct detailed analysis, and plan future operations. (FM 6-0)
main effort - A designated subordinate unit whose mission at a
given point in time is most critical to overall mission success. (ADP 3-0)
main supply route - (DOD) The route or routes designated
within an operational area upon which the bulk of traffic flows in support of military operations. Also called MSR. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in FM 3-90-1, FM 4-01.
maintenance
collection
point
-
A
temporary
location
established within the battalion echelon for the collection of equipment needing or undergoing field maintenance. (ATP 4-33)
main track - Track that extends through yards and between
stations. (ATP 4-14)
major operation - (DOD) 1. A series of tactical actions (battles,
engagements,
strikes)
conducted
by
combat
forces,
coordinated in time and place, to achieve strategic or operational objectives in an operational area. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ATP 3-07.5.
managed attribution - (Army/Marine Corps) The use of
hardware, software, and techniques to obscure user interest in
information that is available through the internet. (ATP 2-22.9)

manned unmanned teaming - The integrated maneuver of
Army Aviation rotary wing and unmanned aircraft system to conduct movement to contact, attack, reconnaissance, and security tasks. Also called MUM-T. (FM 3-04)
maneuver - (DOD) 4. Employment of forces in the operational
area, through movement in combination with fires and information, to achieve a position of advantage in respect to the enemy. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.98. (Army) Movement in conjunction with fires. (ADP 3-0)
maneuver support operations - Integrate the complementary
and reinforcing capabilities of mobility, countermobility, protection, and sustainment tasks to enhance decisive action. (FM 3-81)
march column - A march column consists of all elements using
the same route for a single movement under control of a
single commander. (FM 3-90-2) See also march serial, march unit.
march serial - A major subdivision of a march column that is
organized under one commander who plans, regulates, and
controls the serial. (FM 3-90-2) See also **march column**, march unit.
march unit - A subdivision of a march serial. It moves and halts
under the control of a single commander who uses voice and
visual signals. (FM 3-90-2) See also march column, march serial.
Marine air command and control system - (DOD) A system
that provides the aviation combat element commander with the means to command, coordinate, and control all air operations within an assigned sector and to coordinate air operations with other Services. Also called MACCS. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-60.2.
Marine tactical air command center - (DOD) The principal
United States Marine Corps air command and control agency
from which air operations and air defense warning functions are directed. Also called Marine TACC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.

maritime domain - (DOD) The oceans, seas, bays, estuaries,
islands, coastal areas, and the airspace above these, including the littorals. (JP 3-32) Referenced in ADP 3-19, ATP 2-01.3.
marking obscuration - Obscuration effects that are employed to
mark targets for destruction by lethal fires, identify friendly positions and locations, and provide a form of prearranged area of operations communications. (ATP 3-11.50)
marshalling - (DOD) 1. The process by which units participating
in an amphibious or airborne operation group together or assemble when feasible or move to temporary camps in the vicinity of embarkation points, complete preparations for combat, or prepare for loading. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 3-99.
marshalling area - (DOD) A location in the vicinity of a
reception terminal or pre-positioned equipment storage site where arriving unit personnel, equipment, materiel, and accompanying supplies are reassembled, returned to the control of the unit commander, and prepared for onward movement. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
mass atrocity response operations - (DOD) Military activities
conducted to prevent or halt mass atrocities. Also called MARO. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31.
mass casualty - (DOD) Any number of human casualties
produced across a period of time that exceeds available medical support capabilities. Also called MASCAL. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 4-02, ATP 1-05.05, ATP 4-02.2, ATP 4-02.7, ATP 4-02.19.
massed fire - (DOD) 1. The fire of the batteries of two or more
ships directed against a single target. 2. Fire from a number of weapons directed at a single point or small area. (JP 3-02) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20.
materiel - (DOD) All items necessary to equip, operate, maintain,
and support military activities without distinction as to its application for administrative or combat purposes. (JP 4-0)
Referenced in ATP 3-22.40, ATP 3-90.15, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 4-42.2, ATP 4-90.

measurement and signature intelligence - (DOD) A system for
the management of theater and national measurement and signature intelligence collection requirements, providing automated tools for users in support of submission, review, and validation of measurement and signature intelligence nominations of requirements to be tasked for national and Department
of
Defense
measurement
and
signature
intelligence collection, production, and exploitation resources. Also called MASINT. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 3-16, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 3-96.1.
measurement ton - (DOD) The unit of volumetric measurement
of equipment associated with surface-delivered cargo equal to the total cubic feet divided by 40. Also called MTON. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in ATP 4-13.
measure of effectiveness - (DOD) An indicator used to measure
a current system state, with change indicated by comparing multiple observations over time. Also called MOE. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, ADP 5-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-14, FM 3-24, FM 3-57, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.4, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-01.1.
measure of performance - (DOD) An indicator used to measure
a
friendly
action
that
is
tied
to
measuring
task
accomplishment. Also called MOP. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, ADP 5-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-13, FM 3-14, FM 3-24, FM 3-57, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-01.1.
media source analysis - The systematic comparison of the content, behavior, patterns, and trends of organic media organizations and sources of a country. (ATP 2-22.9)

medical evacuation - The timely and effective movement of the
wounded, injured, or ill to and between medical treatment facilities on dedicated and properly marked medical platforms with en route care provided by medical personnel. Also called MEDEVAC. (ATP 4-02.2)
medical regulating - (DOD) The actions and coordination
necessary to arrange for the movement of patients through the roles of care and to match patients with a medical treatment facility that has the necessary health service support capabilities and available bed space. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 4-02, ATP 4-02.2, ATP 4-02.55.
medical surveillance - (DOD) The ongoing, systematic
collection, analysis, and interpretation of data derived from instances of medical care or medical evaluation, and the reporting of population-based information for characterizing and countering threats to a population's health, well-being, and performance. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 4-02.7.
medical treatment facility - (DOD) A facility established for the
purpose of furnishing medical and/or dental care to eligible individuals. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 4-02, ATP 4-02.10, ATP 4-02.19. (Army) Any facility established for the purpose of providing medical treatment. This includes battalion aid stations, Role 2 facilities, dispensaries, clinics, and hospitals. (FM 4-02)
meeting engagement - A combat action that occurs when a
moving force, incompletely deployed for battle, engages an enemy at an unexpected time and place. (ADP 3-90)
mensuration - (DOD) The process of measurement of a feature
or location on the Earth to determine an absolute latitude, longitude, and elevation. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-91.1.
mentorship - The voluntary developmental relationship that
exists between a person of greater experience and a person of lesser experience that is characterized by mutual trust and respect. (AR 600-100) Referenced in ADP 6-22.
message - (DOD) 1. Any thought or idea expressed briefly in a
plain or secret language and prepared in a form suitable for
transmission by any means of communication. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP
3-53.2.

2.

A
narrowly focused communication directed at a specific audience to support a specific theme. (JP 3-61) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, FM 3-13, FM 3-53, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 6-02.53.

midcourse phase - (DOD) That portion of the flight of a ballistic
missile between the boost phase and the terminal phase. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5.
military deception - (DOD) Actions executed to deliberately
mislead adversary military, paramilitary, or violent extremist organization decision makers, thereby causing the adversary to take specific actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly mission. Also called MILDEC. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in ADP 6-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-13, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-53, FM 6-27, ATP 3-53.1.
military decision-making process - An iterative planning
methodology to understand the situation and mission, develop a courses of action, and produce an operation plan or order.
Also called MDMP. (ADP 5-0) See also **operation order**, operation plan.
military engagement - (DOD) Routine contact and interaction
between individuals or elements of the Armed Forces of the United States and those of another nation's armed forces, or foreign and domestic civilian authorities or agencies to build trust and confidence, share information, coordinate mutual activities, and maintain influence. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, ATP 3-92.
military government - (DOD) The supreme authority the
military exercises by force or agreement over the lands, property, and indigenous populations and institutions of domestic, allied, neutral, or enemy territory, therefore, substituting sovereign authority under rule of law for the previously established government. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-57.
military government operations - Operations executed by civil
affairs to provide expertise in the civil sector functions in
order to establish transitional military authority or conduct support to civil administration. Also called MGO. (FM 3-57)

military information support operations - (DOD) Planned
operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals in a manner favorable to the originator's objectives. Also called MISO. (JP 3-13.2) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-18, FM 3-53, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 6-02.40.
military necessity - The principle that justifies the use of all
measures needed to defeat the enemy as quickly and efficiently as possible that are not forbidden by the law of armed conflict. (FM 6-27)
military objective - Certain persons and objects during
hostilities which, by their nature, location, purpose, or use, makes an effective contribution to military action and whose total or partial destruction, capture, or neutralization, in the circumstances ruling at the time, offers a definite military advantage. (FM 6-27)
military occupation - (DOD) A condition in which territory is
under the effective control of a foreign armed force. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 6-27.
military passport - A document issued by order of a commander
of belligerent forces that authorizes a person or persons named therein and residing or sojourning within territory occupied by such forces to travel unmolested within the territory, with or without permission to pass, or to pass and return, by designated routes, through the lines, subject to conditions or limitations imposed by the commander. (FM 6-27)
Military Sealift Command - (DOD) A major command of the
United States Navy reporting to Commander Fleet Forces Command, and the United States Transportation Command's component command responsible for designated common-user sealift transportation services to deploy, employ, sustain, and
redeploy United States forces on a global basis. Also called MSC. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-43.

mine - (DOD) 1. In land mine warfare, a munition placed under,
on or near the ground or other surface area and designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person or vehicle. 2. In naval mine warfare, an explosive device laid in the water with the intention of damaging or sinking ships or of deterring shipping from entering an area. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 4-32.2.
minefield - (DOD) 1. In land warfare, an area of ground
containing mines emplaced with or without a pattern. 2. In naval warfare, an area of water containing mines emplaced with or without a pattern. See also mine; mine warfare. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 4-32.2.
misinformation - Incorrect information from any source that is
released for unknown reasons or to solicit a response or interest from a non-political or nonmilitary target. (FM 3-53)
missile defense - (DOD) Defense measures designed to destroy
attacking enemy missiles, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-55.6.
missile engagement zone - (DOD) In air and missile defense,
that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats normally rests with surface-to-air missile systems. Also called MEZ. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.85.
mission - (DOD) 1. The task, together with the purpose, that
clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefore. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 5-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
mission command - (DOD) The conduct of military operations
through decentralized execution based upon mission-type orders. (JP 3-31) Referenced in FM 3-01, ATP 3-06.1. (Army) The Army's approach to command and control that empowers subordinate decision making and decentralized execution
appropriate to the situation. (ADP 6-0) See also commander's

## Intent, **Mission Orders**.

mission configured load - An ammunition load configured to
support specific mission requirements across task forces or organizations. (ATP 4-35)
mission creep - Tangential efforts to assist in areas of concern
unrelated to assigned duties that cripple efficient mission accomplishment. (FM 3-16)
mission-essential task - A collective task on which an
organization trains to be proficient in its designed capabilities or assigned mission. Also called MET. (FM 7-0) See also
mission-essential task list.
mission-essential task list - A tailored group of missionessential tasks. Also called METL. (FM 7-0) See also missionessential task.
mission orders - Directives that emphasize to subordinates the
results to be attained, not how they are achieve them. (ADP
6-0) See also **mission command**.
mission-oriented protective posture - (DOD) A flexible system
of protection against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear contamination in which personnel are required to wear only that protective clothing and equipment appropriate to the threat level, work rate imposed by the mission, temperature, and humidity. Also called MOPP. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.7.
mission statement - (DOD) A short sentence or paragraph that
describes the organization's essential task(s), purpose, and action containing the elements of who, what, when, where, and why. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 3-57.60.
mission support site - A preselected area used as a temporary
base or stopover point. The mission support site is used to increase the operational range within the joint special operations area. (ATP 3-05.1)
mission variables - Categories of specific information needed to
conduct operations. (ADP 1-01)
mixing - Using two or more different assets to collect against the
same intelligence requirement. (FM 3-90-2)

mobile defense - A type of defensive operation that concentrates
on the destruction or defeat of the enemy through a decisive attack by a striking force. (ADP 3-90)
mobile security force - (DOD) A highly mobile and dedicated
security force with the capability to defeat Level I and II threats in a joint security area. Also called MSF. (JP 3-10) Referenced in ATP 4-01.45.
mobility - (DOD) A quality or capability of military forces which
permits them to move from place to place while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
mobility corridor - (DOD) Areas that are relatively free of
obstacles where a force will be canalized due to terrain restrictions allowing military forces to capitalize on the principles of mass and speed. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4.
mobility tasks - Those combined arms activities that mitigate
the effects of obstacles to enable freedom of movement and maneuver. (ATP 3-90.4)
mobilization - (DOD) 1. The process of assembling and
organizing national resources to support national objectives in time of war or other emergencies. See also industrial mobilization. Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-02.1. 2. The process by which the Armed Forces of the United States, or part of them, are brought to a state of readiness for war or other national emergency. Also called MOB. (JP 4-05) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 2-0, FM 3-96, FM 4-01, ATP 4-02.1.
mode operations - The execution of movements using various
conveyances (truck, lighterage, railcar, aircraft) to transport cargo. (ADP 4-0)
modified combined obstacle overlay - (DOD) A joint
intelligence preparation of the operational environment product used to portray the militarily significant aspects of the operational environment, such as obstacles restricting military
movement, key geography, and military objectives. Also called MCOO. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-90.98.

monitoring - Continuous observation of those conditions
relevant to the current operation. (ADP 5-0)
mortuary affairs - (DOD) Provides for the search, recovery,
identification, preparation, and disposition of human remains of persons for whom the Services are responsible by status and executive order. Also called MA. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ADP 4-0.
motor transportation operation - A ground support function
that includes moving and transferring units, personnel, equipment and supplies by motor vehicle to support operations. (ATP 4-11)
movement - The positioning of combat power to establish the
conditions for maneuver. (ADP 3-90)
movement and maneuver warfighting function - The related
tasks and systems that move and employ forces to achieve a position of relative advantage over the enemy and other
threats. (ADP 3-0) See also **warfighting function**.
movement control - (DOD) The planning, routing, scheduling,
and control of personnel and cargo movements over lines of communications; includes maintaining in-transit visibility of forces
and
material
through
the
deployment
and/or
redeployment process. See also line of communications; movement control teams; non-unit cargo; non-unit-related personnel. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in ATP 4-48. (Army) The dual process of committing allocated transportation assets and regulating movements according to command priorities to synchronize distribution flow over lines of communications to sustain land forces. (ADP 4-0)
movement control team - (DOD) An Army team used to
decentralize the execution of movement responsibilities on an area basis or at key transportation nodes. Also called MCT. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
movement corridor - A designated area established to protect
and enable ground movement along a route. (ADP 3-37)
movement formation - An ordered arrangement of forces for a
specific purpose and describes the general configuration of a unit on the ground. (ADP 3-90)
movement to contact - (Army) A type of offensive operation
designed to develop the situation and establish or regain contact. (ADP 3-90)
mounted march - The movement of troops and equipment by
combat and tactical vehicles. (FM 3-90-2)
multi-domain fires - Fires that converge effects from two or
more domains against a target. (ADP 3-19)
multiechelon training - A training technique that allows for the
simultaneous training of more than one echelon on different or complementary tasks. (ADP 7-0)
multimodal The movement of cargo and personnel using two or
more transportation methods (air, highway, rail, sea) from point of origin to destination. (ATP 4-13)
multinational doctrine - (DOD) The agreed-upon fundamental
principles that guide the employment of forces of two or more nations in coordinated action toward a common objective. (JP 3-16) Referenced in ADP 1-01.
multinational force - (DOD) A force composed of military
elements of nations who have formed an alliance or coalition for a specific purpose. Also called MNF. See also multinational force commander; multinational operations. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
multinational logistics - (DOD) Any coordinated logistic
activity involving two or more nations supporting a multinational force conducting military operations under the auspices of an alliance or coalition, including those conducted under United Nations mandate. Also called MNL. (JP 3-16) Referenced in FM 4-0.
multinational operations - (DOD) A collective term to describe
military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations, usually undertaken within the structure of a coalition or alliance. (JP 3-16) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0,
FM 3-07, FM 3-09, FM 3-16, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 6-0.5.

music headquarters - The mission command element of a music
performance unit. Also called MHQ. (ATP 1-19)
music performance detachment - An organic musical unit of a
parent
music
performance
unit
at
a
non-collocated
installation. Also called MPD. (ATP 1-19)
music performance team - A compact, modular unit designed to
serve as the building block of the music performance unit. Also called MPT. (ATP 1-19)
music performance unit - A modular music unit in Army force
structure. Also called MPU. (ATP 1-19)
mutual support - (DOD) That support which units render each
other against an enemy, because of their assigned tasks, their position relative to each other and to the enemy, and their inherent capabilities. (JP 3-31) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.98.
N

named area of interest - (DOD) A geospatial area or systems
node or link against which information that will satisfy a specific information requirement can be collected, usually to capture indications of adversary courses of action. Also called NAI. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2.
national defense strategy - (DOD) A document approved by the
Secretary of Defense for applying the Armed Forces of the United States in coordination with Department of Defense agencies and other instruments of national power to achieve national security strategy objectives. Also called NDS. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
National Incident Management System - (DOD) A national
crisis response system that provides a consistent, nationwide approach for federal, state, local, and tribal governments; the private sector; and nongovernmental organizations to work
effectively and efficiently together to prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of cause, size, or complexity. Also called NIMS. (JP 3-41) Referenced in ADP 3-28, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.

national military strategy - (DOD) A document approved by the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for distributing and applying military power to attain national security strategy and Defense Strategic Guidance objectives. Also called NMS. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
national security strategy - (DOD) A document approved by the
President of the United States for developing, applying, and coordinating the instruments of national power to achieve objectives that contribute to national security. Also called NSS. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
National Detainee Reporting Center - (DOD) The national-level
center that accounts for all persons who pass through the care, custody, and control of the Department of Defense and that obtains and stores information concerning detainees and their confiscated personal property. Also called NDRC. (JP 3-63) Referenced in FM 6-27.
national special security event - (DOD) A designated event
that, by virtue of its political, economic, social, or religious significance, may be the target of terrorism or other criminal activity. Also called NSSE. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.
natural disaster - (DOD) A situation that poses significant
danger to life and property that results from a natural cause. See also domestic emergencies. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-53.
naval surface fire support - (DOD) Fire provided by Navy
surface gun and missile systems in support of a unit or units. Also called NSFS. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09.
Navy tactical air control center - (DOD) The principal air
operations installation (ship-based) from which all aircraft and air warning functions of tactical air operations are controlled. Also called Navy TACC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in
ATP 3-52.2.

navigation warfare - (DOD) Deliberate defensive and offensive
action to assure and prevent positioning, navigation, and timing information through coordinated employment of space, cyberspace, and electronic warfare operations. Also called NAVWAR. (JP 3-14) Referenced in ADP 3-19, FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
negation - (DOD) In space operations, measures to deceive,
disrupt, degrade, deny, or destroy space systems. (JP 3-14) Referenced in ADP 3-19, FM 3-14.
nerve agent - (DOD) A potentially lethal chemical agent that
interferes with the transmission of nerve impulses. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
nested concept - A planning technique to achieve unity of
purpose whereby each succeeding echelon's concept of operations is aligned by purpose with the higher echelon's concept of operations. (ADP 5-0) See also concept of operations.
net control station - A communications station designated to
control traffic and enforce circuit discipline within a given net. Also called NCS. (ATP 6-02.53)
net division tonnage - The tonnage in short tons, or payload,
which can be moved over a railway division each day. Also called NDT. (ATP 4-14)
net trainload - The payload carried by a train. Also called NTL.
(ATP 4-14)
network enterprise center - The facility that provides and
acquires telecommunications and information management services on Army installations. Also called NEC. (ATP 6-02.71)
networked
munitions
-
(DOD)
Remotely
controlled,
interconnected, weapons systems designed to provide rapidly emplaced ground-based countermobility and protection capability through scalable application of lethal and nonlethal means. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 3-90.8, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
network transport - A system of systems including the people,
equipment, and facilities that provide end-to-end communications connectivity for network components. (FM 6-02)

neutral - (DOD) In combat and combat support operations, an
identity applied to a track whose characteristics, behavior, origin, or nationality indicate that it is neither supporting nor opposing friendly forces. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-07. (Army) A party identified as neither supporting nor opposing friendly or enemy forces. (ADP 3-0)
neutralization - In the context of the computed effects of field
artillery fires renders a target ineffective for a short period of time, producing 10-percent casualties or materiel damage. (FM 3-09)
neutralization fire - Fire delivered to render the target
ineffective or unusable. (FM 3-09)
neutralize - (Army) A tactical mission task that results in
rendering
enemy
personnel
or
materiel
incapable
of
interfering with a particular operation. (FM 3-90-1)
N-hour - The time a unit is notified to assemble its personnel and
begin the deployment sequence. (FM 3-99)
N-hour sequence - Starts the reverse planning necessary after
notification to have the first assault aircraft en route to the objective area for commencement of the parachute assault according to the order for execution. (FM 3-99)
night vision device - (DOD) Any electro-optical device used to
detect visible and infrared energy and provide a visible image. Also called NVD. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-06.1.
night vision goggle - (DOD) An electro-optical, imageintensifying device that detects visible and near-infrared energy, intensifies the energy, and provides a visible image for night viewing. Also called NVG. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-06.1.
node - (DOD) 1. A location in a mobility system where a
movement requirement is originated, processed for onward movement, or terminated. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-40,
ATP 3-57.60. 2. In communications and computer systems, the physical location that provides terminating, switching, and gateway access services to support information exchange. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 3-05.60. 3. An element of a system that represents a person, place, or physical thing. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-13.4, FM 4-01, ATP 3-57.60.

no-fire area - (DOD) An area designated by the appropriate
commander into which fires or their effects are prohibited. Also called NFA. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-96, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-21.90.
noncombatant evacuation operations - (DOD) An operation
whereby noncombatant evacuees are evacuated from a threatened area abroad, which includes areas facing actual or potential danger from natural or manmade disaster, civil unrest, imminent or actual terrorist activities, hostilities, and similar circumstances, that is carried out with the assistance of the Department of Defense. Also called NEO. (JP 3-68) Referenced in FM 3-07, ATP 3-05.68, ATP 3-75.
noncombatant evacuees - (DOD) 1. United States citizens who
may be ordered to evacuate by competent authority, and who are civilian employees of all agencies of the United States Government and their dependents, excepting dependents who are residents in the country concerned of their own volition; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the United States specifically designated for evacuation as noncombatants; and dependents of members of the Armed Forces of the United States. 2. United States citizens and non-United States citizens who may be authorized or assisted to evacuate by competent authority, and who are civilian employees of United States Government agencies and their dependents who are residents in the country concerned of their own volition, but express the willingness to be evacuated; private United States citizens and their dependents; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the United States and their dependents; and designated personnel, including dependents of persons ordered to evacuate, as prescribed by the Department of State. (JP 3-68) Referenced in ATP 3-05.68.
noncontiguous area of operations Where one or more of the
commander's subordinate forces' areas of operation do not share a common boundary. (FM 3-90-1) See also area of operations.

nonconventional assisted recovery - (DOD) Personnel recovery
conducted by indigenous/surrogate personnel that are trained, supported,
and
led
by
special
operations
forces,
unconventional warfare ground and maritime forces, or other government agencies' personnel that have been specifically trained and directed to establish and operate indigenous or surrogate infrastructures. Also called NAR. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1.
nongovernmental organization - (DOD) A private, selfgoverning, not-for-profit organization dedicated to alleviating human suffering; and/or promoting education, health care, economic development, environmental protection, human rights, and conflict resolution; and/or encouraging the establishment of democratic institutions and civil society. Also called NGO (JP 3-08) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-50, FM 3-57, FM 4-0, FM 6-27, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
non-international armed conflict - An armed conflict not
between States, such as a conflict between a State and a non- State armed group or a conflict between two non-State armed groups. (FM 6-27)
nonlethal weapon - (DOD) A weapon, device, or munition that
is explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate personnel
or
materiel
immediately,
while
minimizing
fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property in the target area or environment. Also called NLW. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
nonproliferation - (DOD) Actions to prevent the acquisition of
weapons of mass destruction by dissuading or impeding access to, or distribution of, sensitive technologies, material, and expertise. (JP 3-40) Referenced in ADP 3-05.
nonpersistent agent - (DOD) A chemical agent that, when
released, dissipates and/or loses its ability to cause casualties
after 10 to 15 minutes. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.

nonstandard bridging - Bridging that is purposely designed for
a particular gap and typically built using commercial or locally available materials. (ATP 3-90.4)
nontransportable patient - A patient whose medical condition
is such that he could not survive further evacuation to the rear without surgical intervention to stabilize his medical condition. (ATP 4-02.2)
no-strike list - (DOD) A list of objects or entities characterized as
protected from the effects of military operations under international law and/or rules of engagement. Also called NSL. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-57.60.
objective - (DOD) 1. The clearly defined, decisive, and attainable
goal toward which every operation is directed. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-90, ADP 5-0, FM 6-27, ATP 2-01.3. (Army) A location used to orient operations, phase operations, facilitate changes of direction, and provide for unity of effort. (ADP 3-90)
objective area - (DOD) A geographical area, defined by
competent authority, within which is located an objective to be captured or reached by the military forces. Also called OA. (JP 3-06) Referenced in ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
objective rally point - An easily identifiable point where all
elements of the infiltrating unit assemble and prepare to attack the objective. (ADP 3-90)
obscurant - Material that decreases the level of energy available
for the functions of seekers, trackers, and vision enhancement devices. (ATP 3-11.50)
obscuration
-
The
employment
of
materials
into
the
environment that degrade optical and/or electro-optical capabilities within select portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order to deny acquisition by or deceive an enemy
or adversary. (ATP 3-11.50)

obscuration blanket - A dense horizontal concentration of
smoke covering an area of ground with visibility inside the concentration less than 50 meters. (ATP 3-11.50)
obscuration curtain - A vertical development of smoke that
reduces the enemy's ability to clearly identify what is occurring on the other side of the cloud. (ATP 3-11.50)
obscuration haze - Obscuration placed over friendly areas to
restrict adversary observations and fire, but not dense enough to disrupt friendly operations within the screen. (ATP 3-11.50)
observable - (DOD) In military deception, the detectable result
of the combination of an indicator within an adversary's conduit intended to cause action or inaction by the deception target. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
observation - The condition of weather and terrain that permits
a force to see the friendly, enemy, and neutral personnel and systems, and key aspects of the environment. (FM 1-02.1)
observation post - A position from which military observations
are made, or fire directed and adjusted, and which possesses appropriate communications. While aerial observers and sensors systems are extremely useful, those systems do not constitute aerial observation posts. Also called OP. (FM 3-90-2)
obstacle - (DOD) Any natural or man-made obstruction designed
or employed to disrupt, fix, turn, or block the movement of an opposing force, and to impose additional losses in personnel, time, and equipment on the opposing force. (JP 3-15) Referenced in FM 3-90-1, FM 3-99, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
obstacle belt - (DOD) A brigade-level command and control
measure, normally depicted graphically, to show where within an obstacle zone the ground tactical commander plans to limit friendly obstacle employment and focus the defense. (JP 3-15) Referenced in FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
obstacle control measures - Specific measures that simplify the
granting of obstacle-emplacing authority while providing obstacle control. (FM 3-90-1)

obstacle groups - One or more individual obstacles grouped to
provide a specific obstacle effect. (FM 3-90-1)
obstacle line - A conceptual control measure used at battalion or
brigade level to show placement intent without specifying a particular type of linear obstacle. (FM 1-02.1)
obstacle restricted areas - (DOD) A command and control
measure used to limit the type or number of obstacles within
an area. (JP 3-15) See also **obstacle**. Referenced in ATP
3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.8.
obstacle zone - (DOD) A division-level command and control
measure to designate specific land areas where lower echelons are allowed to employ tactical obstacles. (JP 3-15) Referenced in FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
occupy - A tactical mission task that involves a force moving a
friendly force into an area so that it can control that area. Both the force's movement to and occupation of the area occur without enemy opposition. (FM 3-90-1)
offensive counterair - (DOD) Offensive operations to destroy or
neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, and as close to their source as possible. Also called OCA. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-01, FM 3-09, ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-55.6.
offensive cyberspace operations - (DOD) Missions intended to
project power in and through cyberspace. Also called OCO. (JP 3-12) Referenced in FM 6-02.
offensive fires - Fires that preempt enemy actions. (FM 3-09) offensive operation - An operation to defeat or destroy enemy
forces and gain control of terrain, resources, and population centers. (ADP 3-0)
offensive space control - (DOD) Offensive operations conducted
for space negation. Also called OSC. (JP 3-14) Referenced in ADP 3-19, FM 3-14.
offshore petroleum discharge system - (DOD) Provides bulk
transfer of petroleum directly from an offshore tanker to a beach termination unit located immediately inland from the high watermark. Also called OPDS. (JP 4-03) Referenced in ATP 4-43.
on-call target - (DOD) Planned target upon which fires or other
actions are determined using deliberate targeting and triggered, when detected or located, using dynamic targeting. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-60.1.
on-order mission - A mission to be executed at an unspecified
time. (FM 6-0)
on-scene commander - (DOD) 1. An individual in the
immediate vicinity of an isolating event who temporarily assumes command of the incident. Also called OSC. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
on-station time - (DOD) The time an aircraft can remain on
station, which may be determined by endurance or orders. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
open source - Any person or group that provides information
without the expectations of privacy - the information, the relationship, or both is not protected against public disclosure. (ATP 2-22.9)
open-source information - (DOD) Information that any member
of the public could lawfully obtain by request or observation as well as other unclassified information that has limited public distribution or access. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ATP 2-22.9.
open-source intelligence - (DOD) Relevant information derived
from the systematic collection, processing, and analysis of publicly available information in response to known or anticipated intelligence requirements. Also called OSINT. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 3-16, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 3-96.1.
operation - (DOD) 1. A sequence of tactical actions with a
common purpose or unifying theme. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP
3-13.1. 2. A military action or the carrying out of a strategic, operational, tactical, service, training, or administrative military mission. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 3-90, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-09.42.

operational approach - (DOD) A broad description of the
mission, operational concepts, tasks, and actions required to accomplish the mission. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 5-0.1.
operational area - (DOD) An overarching term encompassing
more descriptive terms (such as area of responsibility and joint operations area) for geographic areas in which military operations are conducted. Also called OA. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60.2.
operational art - (DOD) The cognitive approach by commanders
and staffs--supported by their skill, knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgment--to develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 2-0, FM 3-0, ATP 5-0.1.
operational concept - A fundamental statement that frames how
Army forces, operating as part of a joint force, conduct operations. (ADP 1-01)
operational control - (DOD) The authority to perform those
functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks,
designating
objectives,
and
giving
authoritative
direction necessary to accomplish the mission. Also called OPCON. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 4-30, FM 6-0, FM 6-05, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-43.
operational decontamination - (DOD) Decontamination carried
out by an individual and/or a unit, restricted to specific parts of operationally essential equipment, materiel, and/or working areas, to minimize contact and transfer hazards and
to sustain operations. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 4-02.7.

operational dental care - The dental care provided for deployed
Soldiers in theater consisting of emergency dental care and essential dental care. (ATP 4-02.19)
operational energy - (DOD) The energy required for training,
moving, and sustaining military forces and weapons platforms for military operations. (JP 4-0) Referenced in FM 4-0.
operational environment - (DOD) A composite of the
conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander. Also called OE. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, FM 1-04, FM 2-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-13, FM 3-24, FM 3-52, FM 3-53, FM 3-57, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, FM 4-30, FM 6-05, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-20.97, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-11, ATP 4-43, ATP 4-48, ATP 5-0.1.
operational framework - A cognitive tool used to assist
commanders and staffs in clearly visualizing and describing the application of combat power in time, space, purpose, and resources in the concept of operations. (ADP 1-01)
operational initiative - The setting of tempo and terms of action
throughout an operation. (ADP 3-0)
operational intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence that is required
for planning and conducting campaigns and major operations to accomplish strategic objectives within theaters or operational areas. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 3-92.
operational level of warfare - (DOD) The level of warfare at
which campaigns and major operations are planned, conducted, and sustained to achieve strategic objectives within theaters or other operational areas. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, ATP 2-33.4.
operational preparation of the environment - (DOD) The
conduct of activities in likely or potential areas of operations to prepare and shape the operational environment. Also called OPE. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05.
operational reach - (DOD) The distance and duration across
which a force can successfully employ military capabilities. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-94, FM 4-0, FM 4-01, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-15.
operational
training
domain
-
The
training
activities
organizations undertake while at home station, at maneuver combat training centers, during joint exercises, at mobility centers, and while operationally deployed. (ADP 7-0)
operational variables - A comprehensive set of information
categories used to describe an operational environment. (ADP 1-01)
operation order - (DOD) A directive issued by a commander to
subordinate commanders for the purpose of effecting the coordinated execution of an operation. Also called OPORD. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
operation plan - (DOD) A complete and detailed plan containing
a full description of the concept of operations, all annexes applicable to the plan, and a time-phased force and deployment list. Also called OPLAN. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 4-43.
operations data report - An annotated chronology of the unit's
operations that will be fully supported by an indexed set of key historical documents. (ATP 1-20)
operations in depth - The simultaneous application of combat
power throughout an area of operations. (ADP 3-90)
operations process - The major command and control activities
performed during operations: planning, preparing, executing, and continuously assessing the operation. (ADP 5-0)
operations security - (DOD) A capability that identifies and
controls critical information, indicators of friendly force actions attendant to military operations, and incorporates
countermeasures to reduce the risk of an adversary exploiting vulnerabilities. Also called OPSEC. (JP 3-13.3) Referenced in ADP 3-37, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 6-02.71.

operations security vulnerability - (DOD) A condition in which
friendly actions provide operations security indicators that may be obtained and accurately evaluated by an adversary in time to provide a basis for effective adversary decision making. (JP 3-13.3) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
opinio juris - A statement of customary international law
resulting from a general and consistent practice of States followed from a sense of legal obligation. (FM 6-27)
order of battle - (DOD) The identification, strength, command
structure, and disposition of the personnel, units, and equipment of any military force. Also called OB. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
ordnance - (DOD) Explosives, chemicals, pyrotechnics, and
similar stores, e.g., bombs, guns and ammunition, flares, smoke, or napalm. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 4-32.2.
organic - (DOD) Assigned to and forming an essential part of a
military organization as listed in its table of organization for the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps and are assigned to the operating forces for the Navy. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 4-30, FM 6-0.
orienting angle - A horizontal, clockwise angle measured from
the line of fire to the orienting line. (ATP 3-09.50)
orienting line - A line of known direction in the firing unit's
area that serves as a basis for laying the firing unit for direction. (ATP 3-09.50)
orienting station - 1. A point established on the ground that has
directional control. 2. An orienting device, such as an aiming circle or gun laying and positioning system, set up over a point to lay the weapons by the orienting angle method. (ATP 3-09.50)
outpatient - A person receiving medical/dental examination
and/or treatment from medical personnel and in a status other than being admitted to a hospital. Included in this category is the person who is treated and retained (held) in a medical treatment facility (such as a Role 2 facility) other than a hospital. (ATP 4-02.10)

overbridging - A method used to reinforce, provide emergency
repair, or augment existing bridges or bridge spans using standard bridging. (ATP 3-90.4)
overhead persistent infrared - (DOD) 1. Those systems
originally
developed
to
detect
and
track
foreign
intercontinental ballistic missile systems. Also called OPIR. (JP 3-14) Referenced in ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.5.
overwatch - A task that positions an element to support the
movement of another element with immediate fire. (ATP 3-21.10)
parallel planning - Two or more echelons planning for the same
operations nearly simultaneously facilitated by the use of warning orders by the higher headquarters. (ADP 5-0)
paramilitary forces - (DOD) Armed forces or groups distinct
from the conventional armed forces of any country, but resembling them in organization, equipment, training, or mission. (JP 3-24) Referenced in ATP 3-20.96.
parlementaire - Agents or envoys employed by commanders in
the field to go in person within the enemy lines for the purpose of communicating or negotiating openly and directly with the enemy commander. (FM 6-27)
partner nation - (DOD) Those nations that the United States
works with to disrupt the production, transportation, distribution, and sale of illicit drugs, as well as the money involved with this illicit activity. Also called PN. (JP 3-07.4) Referenced in FM 3-53, FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.20.
passage lane - A lane through an enemy or friendly obstacle that
provides a safe passage for a passing force. (FM 3-90-2)
passage of lines - (DOD) An operation in which a force moves
forward or rearward through another force's combat positions with the intention of moving into or out of contact with the enemy. (JP 3-18) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-90-2, FM 3-96, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5.
passage point - A specifically designated place where the
passing units will pass through the stationary unit. Also called
PP. (FM 3-90-2) See also **passage of lines**.
passive air defense - (DOD) All measures other than active air
defense, taken to minimize the effectiveness of hostile air and missile threats against friendly forces and assets. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-01, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-27.5.
patient - A sick, injured or wounded Soldier who receives
medical care or treatment from medically trained personnel. (FM 4-02)
patient
decontamination
-
The
removal
and/or
the
neutralization of hazardous levels of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear contamination from patients before admission into a medical treatment facility under the supervision of medical personnel to prevent further injury to the patient during the decontamination process. (ATP 4-02.7)
patient estimates - Estimates derived from the casualty estimate
prepared by the personnel staff officer/assistant chief of staff, personnel. The patient medical workload is determined by the Army Health System support planner. Patient estimate only encompasses medical casualty. (ATP 4-02.55)
patient movement - The act of moving a sick, injured, wounded,
or other person to obtain medical and/or dental care or treatment. (ATP 4-02.2)
patrol - A detachment sent out by a larger unit to conduct a
specific mission that operates semi-independently and return to the main body upon completion of mission. (ATP 3-21.8)
peace building - (DOD) Stability actions that strengthen and
rebuild a society's institutions, infrastructure, and civic life to
avoid a relapse into conflict. Also called PB. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ADP 3-07, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-07.5.

peace enforcement - (DOD) Application of military force, or the
threat of its use, normally pursuant to international authorization, to compel compliance with resolutions or sanctions designed to maintain or restore peace and order. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ADP 3-07, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-07.5.
peacekeeping - (DOD) Military operations undertaken, with the
consent of all major parties to a dispute, designed to monitor and facilitate implementation of an agreement (cease fire, truce, or other such agreement) and support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political settlement. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ADP 3-07, FM 3-53, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6.
peacemaking - (DOD) The process of diplomacy, mediation,
negotiation, or other forms of peaceful settlements that arranges an end to a dispute and resolves issues that led to it. Also called PM. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ADP 3-07, FM 3-07, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31.
peace operations - (DOD) Multiagency and multinational crisis
response and limited contingency operations involving all instruments of national power with military missions to contain conflict, redress the peace, and shape the environment to support reconciliation and rebuilding and facilitate the transition to legitimate governance. Also called PO. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ADP 3-07, FM 3-07, FM 3-53, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31.
penetration - A form of maneuver in which an attacking force
seeks to rupture enemy defenses on a narrow front to disrupt the defensive system. (FM 3-90-1)
permissive environment - (DOD) Operational environment in
which host nation military and law enforcement agencies have control, as well as the intent and capability to assist operations that a unit intends to conduct. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-57, FM 3-14, ATP 3-57.10.
persistent agent - (DOD) A chemical agent that, when released,
remains able to cause casualties for more than 24 hours to
several days or weeks. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.

personal locator beacon - (DOD) An emergency device carried
by individuals, to assist locating during personnel recovery. Also called PLB. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
personal protective equipment - (DOD) Mission-specific
protective clothing and equipment provided to shield or isolate selected personnel from a particular chemical, biological, radiological, and some nuclear hazards. Also called PPE. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 4-02.84.
personnel recovery - (DOD) The sum of military, diplomatic,
and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel. Also called PR. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-04.13, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-55.6.
personnel recovery coordination cell - (DOD) The primary
joint
force
component
organization
responsible
for
coordinating and controlling component personnel recovery missions. Also called PRCC. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
personnel services - Sustainment functions that man and fund
the force, maintain Soldier and family readiness, promote the moral and ethical values of the nation, and enable the fighting qualities of the Army. (ADP 4-0)
phase - (DOD) In planning, a definitive stage of a campaign or
operation during which a large portion of the forces and capabilities are involved in similar or mutually supporting activities for a common purpose. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 3-13.1. (Army) A planning and execution tool used to divide an operation in duration or activity. (ADP 3-0)
phase line - (DOD) An easily identified feature in the operational
area utilized for control and coordination of military operations. Also called PL. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-21.90.
P-hour - The specific hour on D-day at which a parachute assault
commences with the exit of the first Soldier from an aircraft over a designated drop zone. P-hour may or may not coincide
with H-hour. (FM 6-0)

physical security - (DOD) That part of security concerned with
physical measures designed to safeguard personnel; to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material, and documents; and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-13, FM 3-96, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-02.75.
physical security inspection - A formal, recorded assessment of
the physical protective measures and security procedures that are implemented to protect unit and activity assets. (ATP 3-39.32)
physical security survey - A formal recorded assessment of an
installation's overall physical security program, including electronic security measures. (ATP 3-39.32)
piecemeal commitment - The immediate employment of units
in combat as they become available instead of waiting for larger aggregations of units to ensure mass, or the unsynchronized employment of available forces so that their combat power is not employed effectively. (ADP 3-90)
pilot team - A deliberately structured composite organization
comprised of Special Forces operational detachment members, with likely augmentation by interagency or other skilled personnel, designed to infiltrate a designated area to conduct sensitive preparation of the environment activities and assess the potential to conduct unconventional warfare in support of U.S. objectives. (ATP 3-05.1)
planned target - (DOD) Target that is known to exist in the
operational environment, upon which actions are planned using deliberate targeting, creating effects which support commander's objectives. There are two subcategories of planned targets: scheduled and on-call. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-99, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-60.1.
planning - The art and science of understanding a situation,
envisioning a desired future, and determining effective ways to bring that future about. (ADP 5-0)
planning horizon - A point in time commanders use to focus the
organization's planning efforts to shape future events. (ADP
5-0) See also **planning**.

plan requirements and assess collection - The task of
analyzing requirements, evaluating available assets (internal and external), recommending to the operations staff taskings for information collection assets, submiting requests for information for adjacent and higher collection support, and assessing the effectiveness of the information collection plan. (ATP 2-01)
platoon - A subdivision of a company or troop consisting of two
or more squads or sections. (ADP 3-90)
pointee-talkee - (DOD) A language aid containing selected
phrases in English opposite a translation in a foreign language used by pointing to appropriate phrases. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.22.
point of breach - The location at an obstacle where the creation
of a lane is being attempted. (ATP 3-90.4)
point of departure - The point where the unit crosses the line of
departure and begins moving along a direction of attack. (ADP 3-90)
point of employment - (DOD) In distribution operations, a
physical location designated by the commander at the tactical level where force employment, emplacement, or commodity consumption occurs. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-0.
point of need - (DOD) In distribution operations, a physical
location within a desired operational area designated by the geographic combatant commander or subordinate commander as a receiving point for forces or materiel, for subsequent use or consumption. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-0.
point of origin - (DOD) In distribution operations, the beginning
point of a deployment, redeployment, or movement where forces or materiel are located. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-0.
point of penetration - The location, identified on the ground,
where the commander concentrates their efforts at the enemy weakest point to seize a foothold on the far side objective. (ATP 3-90.4)
police information - Information collected during military
police operations concerning crime, disorder, criminal activity, and criminal threats. (FM 3-39)
police intelligence - The product resulting from the collection,
processing, analysis, and integration of criminal intelligence and crime analysis about crime, disorder, criminal activity, and criminal threats. (FM 3-39)
police intelligence operations - The application of systems,
technologies, and processes that analyze applicable data and information necessary for situational understanding and focusing policing activities to achieve social order. (FM 3-39)
policing - The application of control measures within an area of
operations to maintain law and order, safety, and other matters affecting the general welfare of the population. (FM 3-39)
populace and resources control - Operations which provide
security for the populace, deny personnel and materiel to the enemy, mobilize population and materiel resources, and detect and reduce the effectiveness of enemy agents. Populace control measures include curfews, movement restrictions, travel permits, registration cards, and resettlement of civilians. Resource control measures include licensing, regulations or guidelines, checkpoints (for example, road blocks), ration controls, amnesty programs, and inspection of facilities. Most military operations employ some type of populace and resources control measures. Also called PRC. (FM 3-57)
port of debarkation - (DOD) The geographic point at which
cargo or personnel are discharged. Also called POD. (JP 4-0) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 4-13.
port of embarkation - (DOD) The geographic point in a routing
scheme from which cargo or personnel depart. Also called POE. See also port of debarkation. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 4-13.
port opening - The ability to establish, initially operate and
facilitate throughput for ports of debarkation to support
unified land operations. (ADP 4-0)

port support activity - (DOD) A tailorable support organization
composed of mobilization station assets that ensures the equipment of the deploying units is ready to load. Also called PSA. See also support. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
position area for artillery - An area assigned to an artillery unit
where individual artillery systems can maneuver to increase their survivability. A position area for artillery is not an area of operations for the artillery unit occupying it. Also called PAA. (FM 3-90-1)
position of relative advantage - A location or the establishment
of a favorable condition within the area of operations that provides the commander with temporary freedom of action to enhance combat y or influence the enemy to accept risk and move to a position of disadvantage. (ADP 3-0)
positive control - (DOD) A method of airspace control that relies
on positive identification, tracking, and direction of aircraft within an airspace, conducted with electronic means by an agency having the authority and responsibility therein. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-52, FM 3-96, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-21.20.
positive identification - (DOD) An identification derived from
observation and analysis of target characteristics including visual
recognition,
electronic
support
systems,
noncooperative target recognition techniques, identification friend or
foe
systems,
or
other
physics-based
identification
techniques. Also called PID. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-60.2.
precision-guided munition - (DOD) A guided weapon intended
to destroy a point target and minimize collateral damage. Also called PGM. (JP 3-03) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-98, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-09.50.
precision munition - A munition that corrects for ballistic
conditions using guidance and control up to the aimpoint or submunitions dispense with terminal accuracy less than the lethal radius of effects. (FM 3-09)
precision smart munition - A munition or submunition that
autonomously searches for, detects, classifies, selects, and engages a target or targets. A precision smart munition has a limited target discrimination capability. (FM 3-09)
preparation - Those activities performed by units and Soldiers to
improve their ability to execute an operation. (ADP 5-0)
preparation fire - Normally a high volume of fires delivered
over a short period of time to maximize surprise and shock effect. Preparation fire include electronic attack and should be synchronized with other electronic warfare activities. (FM 3-09)
preparation of the environment An umbrella term for
operations and activities conducted by selectively trained special operations forces to develop an environment for potential future special operations. Also called PE. (FM 1-02.1)
presumptive identification - The employment of technologies
with limited specificity and sensitivity by general-purpose forces in a field environment to determine the presence of a chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear hazard with a low level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary to support immediate tactical decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
preventive
medicine
-
The
anticipation,
prediction,
identification, prevention, and control of communicable diseases (including vector-, food-, and waterborne diseases), illnesses,
injuries,
and
diseases
due
to
exposure
to
occupational and environmental threats, including nonbattle injury threats, combat stress responses, and other threats to the health and readiness of military personnel and military units. (FM 4-02)
primary position - The position that covers the enemy's most
likely avenue of approach into the area of operations. (ADP 3-90)
principle - A comprehensive and fundamental rule or an
assumption of central importance that guides how an organization approaches and thinks about the conduct of
operations. (ADP 1-01)

principles of operations - Time-tested general characteristics of
successful operations that serve as guides for the conduct of future operations. (ADP 1-01)
priority intelligence requirement - (DOD) An intelligence
requirement that the commander and staff need to understand the threat and other aspects of the operational environment. Also called PIR. (JP 2-01) Referenced in ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, FM 3-57, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-22.9, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-20.98, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-93, ATP 6-02.2.
priority of fires - The commander's guidance to his staff,
subordinate
commanders,
fire
support
planners,
and
supporting agencies to organize and employ fire support in accordance with the relative importance of the unit's mission.
(FM 3-09) See also **fire support**.
priority of support - A priority set by the commander to ensure
a subordinate unit has support in accordance with its relative importance to accomplishing the mission. (ADP 5-0)
priority target - A target, based on either time or importance, on
which the delivery of fires takes precedence over all the fires for the designated firing unit or element. (FM 3-09)
prisoner of war - (DOD) A detained person (as defined in
Articles 4 and 5 of the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of August 12, 1949) who, while engaged in combat under orders of his or her government, is captured by the armed forces of the enemy. Also called POW. (JP 3-50) Referenced in FM 6-27.
private information - Data, facts, instructions, or other material
intended for or restricted to a particular person, group, or organization. (ATP 2-22.9)
private sector - (DOD) An umbrella term that may be applied to
any or all of the nonpublic or commercial individuals and businesses,
specified
nonprofit
organizations,
most
of
academia and other scholastic institutions, and selected
nongovernmental organizations. (JP 3-57) Referenced in ATP 3-57.20.

privity of contract - (DOD) The legal relationship that exists
between two contracting parties. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
probable line of deployment - A phase line that designates the
location where the commander intends to deploy the unit into assault formation before beginning the assault. Also called PLD. (ADP 3-90)
procedural control - (DOD) A method of airspace control which
relies on a combination of previously agreed and promulgated orders and procedures. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-52, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-01.7.
procedures - (DOD) Standard, detailed steps that prescribe how
to perform specific tasks. (CJCSM 5120.01) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 6-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-90.90.
procedure word - (DOD) A word or phrase limited to radio
telephone procedure used to facilitate communication by conveying information in a condensed standard form. Also called proword. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 6-02.53.
processing, exploitation, and dissemination - The execution of
the related functions that converts and refines collected data into usable information, distributes the information for further analysis, and, when appropriate, provides combat information to commanders and staffs. (ADP 2-0)
program of targets - A planned sequential attack of similar
targets. (ATP 3-09.42)
progressive yard - A multifunctional yard structured to move
cars in a fluid and rapid manner, containing receiving, classification, and departure yards. (ATP 4-14)
projected obscuration - An obscurant produced by artillery or
mortar munitions, naval gunfire, helicopter-delivered rockets or, potentially, weapon grenades. (ATP 3-11.50)
proof - The verification that a lane is free of mines or explosive
hazards and that the width and trafficability at the point of breach are suitable for the passing force. (ATP 3-90.4)

proportionality - The law of armed conflict principle requiring
combatants to refrain from attacks in which the expected loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, and damage to civilian objects would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage expected to be gained. (FM 6-27)
protected emblems - (DOD) The red cross, red crescent, and
other symbols that designate that persons, places, or equipment so marked have a protected status under the law of war. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 6-27.
protected frequencies - (DOD) Friendly, generally timeoriented, frequencies used for a particular operation, identified and protected to prevent them from being inadvertently jammed by friendly forces while active electromagnetic warfare operations are directed against hostile forces. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
protected persons/places - (DOD) Persons (such as enemy
prisoners of war) and places (such as hospitals) that enjoy special protections under the law of war and which may or may not be marked with protected emblems. (JP 3-84) Referenced in FM 6-27.
protecting power - A neutral or non-belligerent State having a
humanitarian role in armed conflict. (FM 6-27)
protection - (DOD) Preservation of the effectiveness and
survivability of mission-related military and nonmilitary personnel,
equipment,
facilities,
information,
and
infrastructure deployed or located within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-37, ADP 5-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-11, FM 4-0, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-02.19.
protection obscuration - Obscuration effects placed within the
area of operations that contribute to the increased protection of United States forces and their interests by defeating on degrading adversary detection, observation, and engagement capabilities. (ATP 3-11.50)
protection warfighting function - The related tasks and systems
that preserve the force so the commander can apply maximum combat power to accomplish the mission. (ADP 3-0) See also warfighting function.

psychological action - Lethal and nonlethal actions planned,
coordinated, and conducted to produce a psychological effect in a foreign individual, group, or population. (FM 3-53)
psychological objective - A statement of a measurable response
that reflects the desired attitude or behavior change of a selected foreign target audience as a result of military information support operations. (FM 3-53)
public affairs - (DOD) Communication activities with external
and internal audiences. Also called PA. (JP 3-61) See also
public information. Referenced in FM 3-24, ATP 3-13.1.
public component - An overt political manifestation of a
resistance. (ATP 3-18.1)
public information - (DOD) Within public affairs, that
information of a military nature, the dissemination of which is consistent with security and approved for release. (JP 3-61) Referenced in FM 3-53.
purple kill box - A fire support and airspace coordination
measure used to facilitate the attack of surface targets with subsurface-, surface-to-surface, and air-to-surface munitions without further coordination with the area of operation commander's headquarters. Also called PKB. (ATP 3-09.34)
pursuit - A type of offensive operation designed to catch or cut
off a hostile force attempting to escape, with the aim of destroying it. (ADP 3-90)
quartering party - A group of unit representatives dispatched to
a probable new site of operations in advance of the main body to secure, reconnoiter, and organize an area prior to the main body's arrival and occupation. (FM 3-90-2)
quick response force - A dedicated force on a base with
adequate tactical mobility and fire support designated to defeat Level I and Level II threats and shape Level III threats until they can be defeated by a tactical combat force or other available response forces. (ATP 3-37.10)

radiological dispersal device - (DOD) An improvised assembly
or process, other than a nuclear explosive device, designed to disseminate radioactive material to cause destruction, damage, or injury. Also called RDD. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-50.20.
radiological exposure device - (DOD) A radioactive source
placed to cause injury or death. Also called RED. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-50.20.
radio silence - The status on a radio network in which all
stations are directed to continuously monitor without transmitting, except under established criteria. (ATP 6-02.53)
raid - (DOD) An operation to temporarily seize an area to secure
information, confuse an enemy, capture personnel or equipment, or to destroy a capability culminating with a planned withdrawal. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-09.60, ATP 3-18.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-75, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-94.2.
rally point - An easily identifiable point on the ground at which
units can reassemble and reorganize if they become dispersed. (ATP 3-21.20)
Rangers - (DOD) Rapidly deployable airborne light infantry
organized and trained to conduct highly complex joint direct action operations in coordination with or in support of other special operations units of all Services. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, ATP 3-75.
reachback - (DOD) The process of obtaining products, services,
and applications, or forces, or equipment, or material from organizations that are not forward deployed. (JP 3-30) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-57.60, ATP
6-02.54, ATP 6-02.60, ATP 6-02.71.

rear boundary - A boundary that defines the rearward limits of a
unit's area. It usually also defines the start of the next
echelon's support area. (FM 3-90-1) See also area of operations, **boundary**.
rear echelon - The echelon containing those elements of the
force that are not required in the objective area. (FM 3-99)
rearward extension of the line of fire - An imaginary line in
the exact opposite direction of the line of fire that extends through the center axis of the tube when looking down through the muzzle to the breech of the weapon. (ATP 3-09.50)
rearward passage of lines - Occurs when a unit passes through
another unit's positions while moving away from the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
reattack recommendation - (DOD) An assessment, derived from
the results of battle damage assessment and munitions effectiveness assessment, providing the commander systematic advice on reattack of a target. Also called RR. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09.
receiving yard - Yard where trains are cleared promptly on
arrival to prevent main line congestion. (ATP 4-14)
reception - (DOD) 3. The process of receiving, off-loading,
marshalling, accounting for, and transporting of personnel, equipment,
and
materiel
from
the
strategic
and/or
intratheater deployment phase to a sea, air, or surface transportation point of debarkation to the marshalling area. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-35, ATP 3-93.
reconnaissance - (DOD) A mission undertaken to obtain, by
visual observation or other detection methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or adversary, or
to
secure
data
concerning
the
meteorological,
hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area. Also called RECON. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 2-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-90-2, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-21.11,
ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-91.

reconnaissance by fire - A technique in which a unit fires on a
suspected enemy position to cause the enemy forces to disclose their presence by movement or return fire. (FM 3-90-2)
reconnaissance handover - The action that occurs between two
elements in order to coordinate the transfer of information and/or responsibility for observation of potential threat contact, or the transfer of an assigned area from one element to another. (FM 3-98)
reconnaissance handover line - A designated phase line on the
ground where reconnaissance responsibility transitions from one element to another. (FM 3-98)
reconnaissance in force - A type of reconnaissance operation
designed to discover or test the enemy's strength, dispositions, and reactions or to obtain other information. (ADP 3-90)
reconnaissance objective - A terrain feature, geographic area,
enemy force, adversary, or other mission or operational variable about which the commander wants to obtain additional information. (ADP 3-90)
reconnaissance-pull - Reconnaissance that determines which
routes are suitable for maneuver, where the enemy is strong and weak, and where gaps exist, thus pulling the main body toward and along the path of least resistance. This facilitates the commander's initiative and agility. (FM 3-90-2)
reconnaissance-push - Reconnaissance that refines the common
operational picture, enabling the commander to finalize the plan and support shaping and decisive operations. It is normally used once the commander commits to a scheme of maneuver or course of action. (FM 3-90-2)
reconstitution - (DOD) 2. Those actions, including regeneration
and reorganization, commanders plan and implement to restore units to a desired level of combat effectiveness commensurate with mission requirements and available resources. (JP 3-02) Referenced in ADP 3-90. (Army) Actions that commanders plan and implement to restore units to a
desired level of combat effectiveness commensurate with mission requirements and available resources. (ATP 3-21.20)

recovery - (DOD) 1. In air (aviation) operations, that phase of a
mission that involves the return of an aircraft to a land base or platform afloat. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ATP 3-04.13. 3. In personnel recovery, actions taken to physically gain custody of isolated personnel and return them to friendly control. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10. 4. Actions taken to extricate damaged or disabled equipment for return to friendly control or repair at another location. See also evader; evasion. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 3-04.13.
recovered explosive ordnance - Devices that are retrieved in
the operational environment, from field storage sites and licensed storage areas that contain explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in operations, including demolitions which when salvaged have not been primed for use and may or may not be in their primary or logistic packaging. (FM 4-30)
recovery area - A predetermined expanse of terrain of no
standard dimension where isolated personnel and recovery forces can safely link-up if communications are degraded or immediate recovery efforts are not successful. (ATP 3-50.20)
recovery operations - (DOD) Operations conducted to search
for, locate, identify, recover, and return isolated personnel, human remains, sensitive equipment, or items critical to national security. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
recovery site - (DOD) In personnel recovery, an area from which
isolated personnel can be recovered. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
recovery vehicle - (DOD) In personnel recovery, the vehicle on
which isolated personnel are boarded and transported from the recovery site. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-18.14, ATP 3-50.10.
redeployment - (DOD) The transfer or rotation of forces and
materiel
to
support
another
commander's
operational
requirements, or to return personnel, equipment, and materiel to the home and/or demobilization stations for reintegration and/or out-processing. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 2-0, FM 4-01, ATP 3-35. (Army) The transfer of forces and materiel to home and/or demobilization stations for reintegration and/or out-processing. (ATP 3-35)

red team - (DOD) An organizational element comprised of
trained and educated members that provide an independent capability to fully explore alternatives in plans and operations in the context of the operational environment and from the perspective of adversaries and others. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 2-19.3.
reduce - 1. A tactical mission task that involves the destruction
of an encircled or bypassed enemy force.
(FM 3-90-1) 2. A mobility task to create and mark lanes through,
over, or around an obstacle to allow the attacking force to
accomplish its mission. (ATP 3-90.4) See also assault, **bypass**, destroy, neutralize, obscure, secure, suppress, tactical mission task.
reduction - (DOD) The creation of lanes through a minefield or
obstacle to allow passage of the attacking ground force. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
reduction area - A number of adjacent points of breach that are
under the control of the breaching commander. (ATP 3-90.4)
redundancy - Using two or more like assets to collect against the
same intelligence requirement. (FM 3-90-2)
refer - To measure, using the panoramic telescope, the deflection
to a given aiming point without moving the tube of the weapon. (ATP 3-09.50)
referred deflection - The deflection measured to an aiming
point without moving the tube of the weapon. (ATP 3-09.50)
regional air defense commander - (DOD) Commander,
subordinate to the area air defense commander, who is responsible for air and missile defense in the assigned region and exercises authorities as delegated by the area air defense commander. Also called RADC. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP
regional hub node - The gateway transport node for the
Warfighter Information Network-Tactical, and the transport medium for theater-based network service centers. (ATP 6-02.60)
regionally aligned forces - Those forces that provide a
combatant commander with up to joint task force capable headquarters with scalable, tailorable capabilities to enable the combatant commander to shape the environment. They are those Army units assigned to combatant commands, those Army units allocated to a combatant command, and those Army capabilities distributed and prepared by the Army for combatant command regional missions. (FM 3-22)
regional mechanism - The primary method through which
friendly forces affect indigenous populations, host nations, or the enemy to establish the conditions needed to safeguard our interests and those of our allies. (ADP 3-05)
regional support group - A deployable headquarters that
manages base camps or base clusters with a population of 6,000 or more personnel and requires services beyond basic life support. (ATP 3-90.20)
registering piece - The howitzer designated by the fire direction
center to conduct a registration fire mission. (ATP 3-09.50)
rehearsal - A session in which the commander and staff or unit
practices expected actions to improve performance during execution. (ADP 5-0)
reinforcing - A support relationship requiring a force to support
another supporting unit. (FM 3-0)
reintegrate - (DOD) In personnel recovery, the task of providing
medical care and psychological decompression to allow the conduct of appropriate debriefings to ultimately return recovered personnel back to duty and their family. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
reintegration - The process through which former combatants,
belligerents, and displaced civilians receive amnesty, reenter
civil society, gain sustainable employment, and become contributing members of the local populace. (ADP 3-07)

relay - A single transport mission completed in one trip and
utilizes multiple vehicles without transferring the load. (ATP 4-11)
release point - A location on a route where marching elements
are released from centralized control. Also called RP. (FM
3-90-2) See also lane, march column, march serial, march unit, **start point**.
relevant information - All information of importance to the
commander and staff in the exercise of command and control. (ADP 6-0)
relief in place - (DOD) An operation in which, by direction of
higher authority, all or part of a unit is replaced in an area by the incoming unit and the responsibilities of the replaced elements for the mission and the assigned zone of operations are transferred to the incoming unit. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-90-2, FM 3-96, ATP 3-20.96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.1.
render safe procedures - (DOD) The portion of the explosive
ordnance disposal procedures involving the application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components of unexploded explosive ordnance to prevent an unacceptable detonation. (JP 3-42) Referenced in ATP 4-32.2.
reorganization - All measures taken by the commander to
maintain unit combat effectiveness or return it to a specified level of combat capability. (FM 3-90-1)
repatriation - (DOD) 2. The release and return of enemy
prisoners of war to their own country in accordance with the 1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. (JP 1-0) Referenced in FM 6-27, ATP 3-07.31.
reprisal - Acts that are otherwise not permitted by law of armed
conflict in order to persuade a party to the conflict to cease
violating law of armed conflict. (FM 6-27)

request for information - (DOD) 1. Any specific time-sensitive
ad hoc requirement for intelligence information or products to support an ongoing crisis or operation not necessarily related to standing requirements or scheduled intelligence production. Also called RFI. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-09.42.
required supply rate - The amount of ammunition expressed in
terms of rounds per weapon per day for ammunition items fired by weapons, in terms of other units of measure per day for bulk allotment, and other items estimated to be required to sustain operations of any designated force without restriction for a specified period. (ATP 3-09.23)
requirements development - (DOD) The process of defining
specific contract support requirements and capturing these requirements
in
procurement-ready
contract
support
requirements packages. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
requiring activity - (DOD) A military or other designated
supported organization that identifies the need for contracted support during military operations. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
rerailer - Cast iron devices used in simple derailments to retrack
cars and locomotives. (ATP 4-14)
rescue combat air patrol - (DOD) An aircraft patrol provided
over that portion of an objective area in which recovery operations are being conducted for the purpose of intercepting and destroying hostile aircraft. Also called RESCAP. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
rescue coordination center - (DOD) A unit, recognized by
International
Civil
Aviation
Organization,
International
Maritime Organization, or other cognizant international body, responsible for promoting efficient organization of search and rescue services and coordinating the conduct of search and rescue operations within a search and rescue region. Also called RCC. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
reserve - (Army) That portion of a body of troops that is
withheld from action at the beginning of an engagement to be available for a decisive movement. (ADP 3-90)

reserved obstacle - (Army/Marine Corps) Obstacles of any type,
for which the commander restricts execution authority. (ATP 3-90.8)
resistance area command - The largest territorial resistance
organization commanded by a senior resistance leader inside a defined resistance area of operations. (ATP 3-18.1)
resistance movement - (DOD) An organized effort by some
portion of the civil population of a country to resist the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.2.
resistance partner - A partner conducting resistance with whom
the
United
States
Government
mutually
establishes
agreements to cooperate for some specified time in pursuit of mutually supporting specific objectives. A resistance partner is influenced; he is not an employee or subordinate to be commanded and controlled. (ATP 3-18.1)
resource management operations - The execution of the
resource management mission includes analyze resource requirements, ensure commanders are aware of existing resource implications in order for them to make resource informed decisions, and then obtain the necessary funding that allows the commander to accomplish the overall unit mission. (FM 1-06)
responsiveness - The ability to react to changing requirements
and respond to meet the needs to maintain support. (ADP 4-0)
restricted operations zone - (DOD) Airspace reserved for
specific activities in which the operations of one or more airspace users is restricted. Also called ROZ. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
restricted target - (DOD) A valid target that has specific
restrictions placed on the actions authorized against it due to operational considerations. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42.
restricted target list - (DOD) A list of restricted targets
nominated by elements of the joint force and approved by the joint force commander or directed by higher authorities. Also called RTL. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42.
restrictive fire area - (DOD) A location in which specific
restrictions are imposed and into which fires that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the establishing headquarters. Also called RFA. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-21.90.
restrictive fire line - (DOD) A specific boundary established
between converging, friendly surface forces that prohibits fires or their effects from crossing. Also called RFL. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-96, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-21.10.
resuscitative care - Advanced trauma management care and
surgery limited to the minimum required to stabilize a patient for transportation to a higher role of care. (FM 4-02)
retain - A tactical mission task in which the commander ensures
that a terrain feature controlled by a friendly force remains
free of enemy occupation or use. (FM 3-90-1) See also tactical mission task.
retained personnel - (DOD) Detainees who fall into one of the
following categories: a. Designated enemy medical personnel and medical staff administrators who are exclusively engaged in either the search for, collection, transport, or treatment of the wounded or sick, or the prevention of disease; b. Staff of National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and that of other volunteer aid societies, duly recognized and authorized by their governments to assist medical service personnel of their own armed forces, provided they are exclusively engaged in the search for, or the collection, transport or treatment of wounded or sick, or in the prevention of disease, and provided that the staff of such societies are subject to military laws and regulations; c. Chaplains attached to enemy armed forces. Also called RP. (JP 3-63) Referenced in FM 6-27
retirement - When a force out of contact moves away from the
enemy. (ADP 3-90)
retrograde - (DOD) The process for the movement of non-unit
equipment and materiel from a forward location to a reset (replenishment, repair, or recapitalization) program or to another directed area of operations to replenish unit stocks, or to satisfy stock requirements. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 4-48, ATP 3-90.98. (Army) A type of defensive operation that involves organized movement away from the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
retrograde movement - Any movement of a command to the
rear, or away from the enemy. It may be focused by the enemy or may be made voluntarily. Such movements may be classified as a withdrawal, retirement, or delaying action. (FM 3-90-1)
retrograde of material - An Army logistics function of returning
materiel from the owning or using unit back through the distribution system to the source of supply, directed ship to location, or point of disposal. (ATP 4-0.1)
return to duty - A patient disposition which, after medical
evaluation and treatment when necessary, returns a Soldier for duty in his unit. (FM 4-02)
riot control agent - (DOD) Any chemical, not listed in a
schedule of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction that can produce rapidly in humans sensory irritation or disabling physical effects that disappear within a short time following termination of exposure. Also called RCA. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-22.40, ATP 4-02.85.
risk assessment - (DOD) The identification and assessment of
hazards (first two steps of risk management process). Also called RA. (JP 3-26) Referenced in ATP 3-20.15, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 5-19, ATP 6-02.2.
risk management - (DOD) The process to identify, assess, and
control risks and make decisions that balance risk cost with mission benefits. Also called RM. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-37, ADP 5-0, FM 2-0, FM 3-57, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-01.8, ATP
3-21.50, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-01.1.

role - The broad and enduring purpose for which the
organization or branch was established. (ADP 1-01)
route - The prescribed course to be traveled from a specific point
of origin to a specific destination. (FM 3-90-1)
route reconnaissance - A type of reconnaissance operation to
obtain detailed information of a specified route and all terrain from which the enemy could influence movement along that route. (ADP 3-90)
rolling resistance - The force components acting on a train in a
direction parallel with the track, which tend to hold or retard the train's movement. Also called RR. (ATP 4-14)
rule of law - A principle under which all persons, institutions,
and entities, public and private, including the state itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced, and independently adjudicated, and that are consistent with international human rights principles. (FM 3-07)
rules of engagement - (DOD) Directives issued by competent
military authority that delineate the circumstances and limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/ or
continue
combat
engagement
with
other
forces
encountered. Also called ROE. (JP 3-84) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-90, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-22.40, ATP 3-27.3, ATP3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-01.45.
running estimate - The continuous assessment of the current
situation used to determine if the current operation is proceeding according to the commander's intent and if planned future operations are supportable. (ADP 5-0)
running track - Tracks that extend the entire length of the yard
and provide a route of travel to any point in the yard independent of the switching leads and classification tracks.
(ATP 4-14)

ruse - (DOD) In military deception, an action designed to deceive
the adversary, usually involving the deliberate exposure of false information to the adversary's intelligence collection system. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4, FM 6-0.
safe area - (Army) A designated area in hostile or denied
territory that offers a reasonable chance for a resistance organization
to
conduct
clandestine
activities
without
compromise. (ATP 3-18.1)
safe-conduct pass - A document issued by a commander of
belligerent forces, but to persons residing or traveling outside territory occupied by such forces, to enter and remain within or pass through areas occupied by such forces. (FM 6-27)
safety factor - The ratio of the strength of the rope to the
working load. (ATP 4-14)
scheduled target - (DOD) Planned target upon which fires or
other actions are scheduled for prosecution at a specified time. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-21.90.
scheme of fires - The detailed, logical sequence of targets and
fire support events to find and engage targets to accomplish the supported commander's intent. (FM 3-09)
science of tactics The understanding of those military aspects
of tacticscapabilities, techniques and proceduresthat can be measured and codified. (ADP 3-90)
scientific and technical intelligence - (DOD) The product
resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign scientific and technical information that covers: a. foreign developments in basic and applied research and in applied engineering techniques; and b. scientific and technical characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of all foreign military systems, weapons, weapon systems, and materiel; the research and development related thereto; and the production methods employed for their manufacture. Also called S&TI. (JP 2-01) Referenced in FM
screen - A type of security operation that primarily provides
early warning to the protected force. (ADP 3-90).
seaport - (DOD) A land facility designated for reception of
personnel or materiel moved by sea, and that serves as an authorized port of entrance into or departure from the country in which located. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-13.
search - (DOD) A systematic reconnaissance of a defined area, so
that all parts of the area have passed within visibility. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.10.
search and attack - A technique for conducting a movement to
contact that shares many of the characteristics of an area security mission. (FM 3-90-1)
search and rescue - (DOD) The use of aircraft, surface craft,
submarines, and specialized rescue teams and equipment to search for and rescue distressed persons on land or at sea in a permissive
environment.
Also
called
SAR.
(JP
3-50)
Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
search and rescue numerical encryption grid - (DOD) A
predesignated ten-letter word without repeated letters used exclusively by recovery forces or isolated personnel to encrypt numerical data such as position, time, and/or headings in a covert manner. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.3, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.22.
search and rescue point - (DOD) A predesignated specific
location, relative to which isolated personnel provide their position to recovery forces. Also called SARDOT. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.3, ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.22.
section - A tactical unit of the Army and Marine Corps smaller
than a platoon and larger than a squad. (ADP 3-90)
sector
air
defense
commander
-
(DOD)
Commander,
subordinate to an area/regional air defense commander, who is responsible for air and missile defenses in the assigned
sector, and exercises authorities delegated by the area/ regional air defense commander. Also called SADC. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5.

sector of fire - That area assigned to a unit, crew-served weapon,
or an individual weapon within which it will engage targets as they appear in accordance with established engagement priorities. (FM 3-90-1)
secure - A tactical mission task that involves preventing a unit,
facility, or geographical location from being damaged or destroyed as a result of enemy action. (FM 3-90-1) See also
assault,
breach,
denial
measure,
destroy,
reduce,
suppress, **tactical mission task**.
security - (DOD) Measures taken by a military unit, activity, or
installation to protect itself against all acts designed to, or which may, impair its effectiveness. (JP 3-10) Referenced in ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
security area - That area that occupied by a unit's security
elements and includes the areas of influence of those security elements. (ADP 3-90)
security assistance - (DOD) Group of programs authorized by
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended; the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended; or other related statutes by which the United States provides defense articles, military training, and other defense-related services by grant, lease, loan, credit, or cash sales in furtherance of national policies and objectives, and those that are funded and authorized
through
the
Department
of
State
to
be
administered by Department of Defense/Defense Security Cooperation
Agency
are
considered
part
of
security
cooperation. Also called SA. (JP 3-22) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-96.1.
security cooperation - (DOD) All Department of Defense
interactions with foreign security establishments to build security relationships that promote specific United States security interests, develop allied and partner nation military and security capabilities for self-defense and multinational
operations, and provide United States forces with peacetime and contingency access to allied and partner nations. Also called SC. (JP 3-22) Referenced in ADP 1, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-07, ADP 3-37, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-93, ATP 3-96.1.

security cooperation organization - (DOD) A Department of
Defense element that is part of the United States diplomatic mission located in a foreign country to carry out security assistance and cooperation management functions under the supervision and coordination authority of the senior defense official/defense attach. Also called SCO. (JP 3-22) Referenced in ATP 3-05.2.
security force assistance - (DOD) The Department of Defense
activities that support the development of the capacity and capability of foreign security forces and their supporting institutions. Also called SFA. (JP 3-22) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-07, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-93, ATP 3-96.1. (Army) The unified action to generate, employ, and sustain local, host nation, or regional security forces in support of legitimate authority. (FM 3-07)
security forces - (DOD) Duly constituted military, paramilitary,
police, and constabulary forces of a state. (JP 3-22) Referenced in FM 3-0, ATP 3-05.2.
security
operations
-
Those
operations
performed
by
commanders to provide early and accurate warning of enemy operations, to provide the forces being protected with time and maneuver space within which to react to the enemy, and to develop the situation to allow commanders to effectively use their protected forces. (ADP 3-90)
security sector reform - (DOD) A comprehensive set of
programs and activities undertaken by a host nation to improve the way it provides safety, security, and justice. Also called SSR. (JP 3-07) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-96, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
seize - (Army) A tactical mission task that involves taking
possession of a designated area using overwhelming force. (FM 3-90-1)

self-defense obscuration - Obscuration employed to protect
United States forces at the vehicle level. Self-defense obscuration is used to defeat or degrade adversary area of operations weapon system guidance links. (ATP 3-11.50)
self-development training domain - Planned, goal-oriented
learning that reinforces and expands the depth and breadth of an
individual's
knowledge
base,
self-awareness,
and
situational
awareness;
complements
institutional
and
operational learning; enhances professional competence; and meets personal objectives. (ADP 7-0)
self-recovery - Actions required for an aircraft to fly out under
its own power to either rejoin the mission or to a maintenance area for additional repairs or inspections. (ATP 3-04.13)
senior airfield authority - (DOD) An individual designated by
the joint force commander to be responsible for the control, operation, and maintenance of an airfield, to include the runways, associated taxiways, parking ramps, land, and facilities whose proximity directly affects airfield operations. Also called SAA. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ATP 3-17.2.
sensitive site - (DOD) A geographically limited area that
contains, but is not limited to, adversary information systems, war crimes sites, critical government facilities, and areas suspected of containing high-value targets. (JP 3-31) Referenced in ATP 3-90.15.
sensitive-site assessment - Determination of whether threats or
hazards associated with a sensitive site warrant exploitation. Also called SSA. (ATP 3-11.23)
sequel - (DOD) The subsequent operation or phase based on the
possible outcomes of the current operation or phase. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-07, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-01.16.
sequential relief in place - Occurs when each element within
the relieved unit is relieved in succession, from right to left or left to right, depending on how it is deployed. (ADP 3-90)
Service doctrine - Those publications approved by a single
Service for use within that Service. (ADP 1-01)
shadow government - Governmental elements and activities
performed by the irregular organization that will eventually take the place of the existing government. Members of the shadow government can be in any element of the irregular organization (underground, auxiliary, or guerrilla force). (ATP 3-05.1)
shaping operation - An operation at any echelon that creates
and preserves conditions for success of the decisive operation through effects on the enemy, other actors, and the terrain. (ADP 3-0)
sheaf - The lateral distribution of the bursts of two or more
pieces fired together. (ATP 3-09.50)
short ton - Equivalent of 2,000 pounds (0.907 metric ton) of
weight. (ATP 4-35)
shuttle - A single transport mission completed in repeated trips
by the same vehicles between two points. (ATP 4-11)
signal operating instructions - (DOD) A series of orders issued
for technical control and coordination of the signal communication activities of a command. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 6-02.53.
signals intelligence - (DOD) 1. A category of intelligence
comprising
either
individually
or
in
combination
all
communications intelligence, electronic intelligence, and foreign
instrumentation
signals
intelligence,
however
transmitted. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 2-0, FM 3-16. 2. Intelligence derived from communications, electronic, and foreign instrumentation signals. Also called SIGINT. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 3-96.1.
simplicity - Relates to processes and procedures to minimize the
complexity of sustainment. (ADP 4-0)
simultaneity - The execution of related and mutually supporting
tasks at the same time across multiple locations and domains. (ADP 3-0)
simultaneous relief in place - Occurs when all elements are
relieved at the same time. (ADP 3-90)
single envelopment - A form of maneuver that results from
maneuvering around one assailable flank of a designated enemy force. (FM 3-90-1)
single port manager - (DOD) The transportation component,
designated by the Department of Defense through the United States Transportation Command, responsible for management of all common-user aerial and seaports worldwide. Also called SPM. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in ATP 4-13.
site characterization - A complete description and inventory of
all
personnel,
equipment,
material,
and
information
discovered during exploitation. (ATP 3-11.23)
site exploitation - (DOD) A series of activities to recognize,
collect, process, preserve, and analyze information, personnel, and/or materiel found during the conduct of operations. Also called SE. (JP 3-31) Referenced in FM 2-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-98, ATP
3-60.
(Army)
The
synchronized
and
integrated
application of scientific and technological capabilities and enablers to answer information requirements, facilitate subsequent operations, and support host-nation rule of law. (ATP 3-90.15)
situational obstacle - An obstacle that a unit plans and possibly
prepares prior to starting an operation, but does not execute unless specific criteria are met. (ATP 3-90.8)
situational understanding - The product of applying analysis
and judgment to relevant information to determine the relationship among the operational and mission variables. (ADP 6-0)
situation report - (DOD) A report giving the situation in the
area of a reporting unit or formation. Also called SITREP. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
situation template - (DOD) A depiction of assumed adversary
dispositions, based on that adversary's preferred method of operations and the impact of the operational environment if the adversary should adopt a particular course of action. (JP
2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-90.98.

sociocultural factors - (DOD) The social, cultural, and
behavioral factors characterizing the relationships and activities of the population of a specific region or operational environment. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 2-01.3.
Soldier and leader engagement - Interpersonal interactions by
Soldiers and leaders with audiences in an area of operations. (FM 3-13)
space asset - (DOD Equipment that is an individual part of a
space system, which is or can be placed in space or directly supports space activity terrestriall. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space capability - (DOD) 1. The ability of a space asset to
accomplish a mission. 2. The ability of a terrestrial-based asset
to accomplish a mission in or through space. See also space asset. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space control - (DOD) Operations to ensure freedom of action in
space for the United States and its allies and deny an adversary freedom of action in space. See also combat service support; combat support; negation. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14.
space coordinating authority - (DOD) The responsibility to
plan, integrate, and coordinate space operations. Also called SCA. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3, ATP 3-52.2.
space domain - (DOD) The area above the altitude where
atmospheric effects on airborne objects become negligible. (JP 3-14) Referenced in ADP 3-19, FM 3-14, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-90.98.
space environment - (DOD) The environment corresponding to
the space domain, where electromagnetic radiation, charged particles, and electric and magnetic fields are the dominant physical influences, and that encompasses the Earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere, interplanetary space, and the solar atmosphere. (JP 3-59) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-14.3.
space forces - (DOD) The space and terrestrial systems,
equipment, facilities, organizations, and personnel, or combination thereof, necessary to conduct space operations. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space joint operating area - (DOD) operational area, bounded
by the space domain, assigned to Commander, United States Strategic Command, in which space operations are conducted. Also called SJOA. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14.
space
situational
awareness
-
(DOD)
The
requisite
foundational,
current,
and
predictive
knowledge
and
characterization of space objects and the operational environment upon which space operations depend. Also called SSA. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space superiority - (DOD) The degree of control in space of one
force over any others that permits the conduct of its operations at a given time and place without prohibitive interference from terrestrial or space-based threats. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space weather - (DOD) The conditions and phenomena in space
and specifically in the near-Earth environment that may affect space assets or space operations. (JP 3-59) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-14.3.
special forces - (DOD) United States Army forces organized,
trained, and equipped to conduct special operations with an emphasis on unconventional warfare capabilities. Also called SF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-18, ATP 3-75.
special license - A document that allows individuals to take a
particular voyage or journey to import or export particular goods. (FM 6-27)
special operations - (DOD) Operations requiring unique modes
of employment, tactical techniques, equipment and training often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments and characterized by one or more of the following:
time
sensitive,
clandestine,
low
visibility,
conducted with and/or through indigenous forces, requiring
regional expertise, and/or a high degree of risk. Also called SO. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-09.13, ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-57.50, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-75.

special operations command and control element - (DOD) A
special operations element that is the focal point for the synchronization of special operations forces activities with conventional forces activities. Also called SOCCE. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05.
special operations forces - (DOD) Those Active and Reserve
Component forces of the Services designated by the Secretary of Defense and specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called SOF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-53, FM 6-05, ATP 3-09.13, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-60.2.
special operations joint task force - (DOD) A modular,
tailorable, and scalable special operations task force designed to provide integrated, fully-capable, and enabled joint special operations forces to geographic combatant commanders and joint force commanders. Also called SOJTF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in FM 6-05.
special operations liaison element - (DOD) special operations
liaison team provided by the joint force special operations component
commander
to
coordinate,
deconflict,
and
synchronize special operations air, surface, and subsurface operations with conventional air operations. Also called SOLE. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05.
special operations-peculiar - (DOD) Equipment, material,
supplies, and services required for special operations missions for which there is no Service-common requirement. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-53.
special operations task force - A scalable unit, normally of
battalion size, in charge of the special operations element, organized around the nucleus of special operations forces and support elements. Also called SOTF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05.
special
reconnaissance
-
(DOD)
Reconnaissance
and
surveillance actions conducted as a special operation in hostile, denied, or diplomatically and/or politically sensitive environments to collect or verify information of strategic or operational significance, employing military capabilities not normally found in conventional forces. Also called SR. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-05, FM 3-90-2, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-20.97, ATP 3-20.98, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.

special tactics team - (DOD) An Air Force task-organized
element of special tactics that may include combat control, pararescue, tactical air control party, and special operations weather personnel. Also called STT. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ATP 3-18.11.
special warfare - The execution of capabilities that involve a
combination of lethal and nonlethal actions taken by a specially trained and educated force that has a deep understanding of cultures and foreign language, proficiency in small-unit tactics, and the ability to build and fight alongside indigenous combat formations in a permissive, uncertain, or hostile environment. (ADP 3-05)
specified task - (Army) A task specifically assigned to a unit by
its higher headquarters. (FM 6-0)
spectrum management operations - The interrelated functions
of spectrum management, frequency assignment, host nation coordination, and policy that together enable the planning, management, and execution of operations within the electromagnetic operational environment during all phases of military operations. Also called SMO. (FM 6-02)
spoiling attack - A tactical maneuver employed to seriously
impair a hostile attack while the enemy is in the process of forming or assembling for an attack. (FM 3-90-1)
spoke - (DOD) The portion of the hub and spoke distribution
system
that
refers
to
transportation
mode
operators
responsible for scheduled delivery to a customer of the "hub." (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01. (Army) A portion of the distribution system that refers to the transportation mode
operator's responsibility for scheduled delivery to a receiving unit. (ATP 4-11)

spot report - (DOD) A concise narrative report of essential
information covering events or conditions that may have an immediate and significant effect on current planning and operations that is afforded the most expeditious means of transmission consistent with requisite security. Also called
SPOTREP. (*Note.* In reconnaissance and surveillance usage,
spot report is not to be used.) (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 2-22.2-1, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 4-32.2.
squad - A small military unit typically containing two or more
fire teams. (ADP 3-90)
stability mechanism - The primary method through which
friendly forces affect civilians in order to attain conditions that support establishing a lasting, stable peace. (ADP 3-0)
stability activities - (DOD) Various military missions, tasks, and
activities conducted outside the United States in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment and provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.31.
stability operation - An operation conducted outside the United
States in coordination with other instruments of national power to establish or maintain a secure environment and provide
essential
governmental
services,
emergency
infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief. (ADP 3-0)
stabilization - The process by which underlying tensions that
might lead to resurgence in violence and a breakdown in the law and order are managed and reduced, while efforts are made to support preconditions for successful long-term development. (FM 3-07)
stabilized patient - (1) Patient may require emergency
intervention, but not surgery, within the next 24 hours. The patient's condition is characterized by a secure airway, control or absence of hemorrhage, shock adequately treated, vital
signs stable, and major fractures immobilized. Stabilization is a precondition of extended duration evacuation (up to 24 hours). This includes, but is not limited to: (a) Ventilator. (b) Physiologic monitors. (c) Skull free of air or functioning drains in place. (d) Chest tube functional or x-ray free of pneumothorax. (e) Oxygen requirement is acceptable. (f) Functioning nasogastric tube or absence of ileus. (g) Bone fixator is acceptable. (h) Plaster bi-valved. (i) Pulses present after vascular repair. Despite these definitive example characteristics, there are patients who do not fit these descriptions, and yet may be considered stabilizedas always, this clinical decision is decided on between the originating and receiving physicians. (2) Patient whose condition may require emergency interventions within the next 24 hours. The patient's condition is characterized by a minimum of a secured airway, control or absence of hemorrhage, treated shock, and immobilized fractures. Stabilization is a necessary precondition for further evacuation. (3) A patient whose airway is secured, hemorrhage is controlled, shock is treated, and fractures are immobilized. (FM 4-02)

staff section - A group of staff members by area of expertise
under a coordination, special, or personal staff officer. (FM 6-0)
staggered relief in place - Occurs when a commander relieves
each element in a sequence determined by the tactical situation, not its geographical orientation. (ADP 3-90)
staging - (DOD) Assembling, holding, and organizing arriving
personnel, equipment, and sustaining materiel in preparation for onward movement. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-35, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-13.
staging area - (DOD) 2. Other movements - A general locality
established for the concentration of troop units and transient personnel
between
movements
over
the
lines
of
communications. Also called SA. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-35, FM 4-01.
standard
bridging
-
Any
bridging
constructed
using
manufactured bridge systems and components that are
designed to be transportable, easily constructed, and reused. (ATP 3-90.4)

standardization - (DOD) The process by which the Department
of Defense achieves the closest practicable cooperation among the Services and Department of Defense agencies for the most efficient use of research, development, and production resources, and agrees to adopt on the broadest possible basis the
use
of:
a.
common
or
compatible
operational,
administrative, and logistic procedures; b. common or compatible technical procedures and criteria; c. common, compatible,
or
interchangeable
supplies,
components,
weapons, or equipment; and d. common or compatible tactical doctrine with corresponding organizational compatibility. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 3-16, ATP 4-12.
standard operating procedure - (DOD) A set of instructions
applicable to those features of operations that lend themselves to a definite or standardized procedure without loss of effectiveness. Also called SOP. (JP 3-31) Referenced in ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-90.90.
standing rules for the use of force - (DOD) Preapproved
directives to guide United States forces on the use of force during various operations. Also called SRUF. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 3-22.40.
start point - A location on a route where the march elements fall
under the control of a designated march commander. Also called SP. (FM 3-90-2)
starting tractive effort - The power exerted by a locomotive to
move itself and its load from a dead stop. Also called STE. (ATP 4-14)
status-of-forces agreement - (DOD) A bilateral or multilateral
agreement that defines the legal position of a visiting military force deployed in the territory of a friendly state. Also called SOFA. (JP 3-16) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
stay behind operation - An operation in which the commander
leaves a unit in position to conduct a specified mission while the remainder of the forces withdraw or retire from an area. (FM 3-90-1)
stay-behind resistance operation - An operation in which
indigenous authorities leave personnel and resources in position before, during, and after a foreign occupation to conduct anticipated resistance activities against the occupying power. (ATP 3-18.1)
stay-behind unconventional warfare - Unconventional warfare
operations
and
activities
conducted
by
a
sponsoring
government in support of indigenous authorities' stay-behind resistance operations. (ATP 3-18.1)
strategic level of warfare - (DOD) The level of warfare at which
a nation, often as a member of a group of nations, determines national or multinational (alliance or coalition) strategic security objectives and guidance, then develops and uses national resources to achieve those objectives. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, ATP 2-33.4.
strike - (DOD) An attack to damage or destroy an objective or a
capability. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-24, ATP 3-09.42.
strike coordination and reconnaissance - A mission flown for
the purpose of detecting targets and coordinating or performing attack or reconnaissance on those targets. Also called SCAR. (JP 3-03) Referenced in ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-91.1.
striking force - A dedicated counterattack force in a mobile
defense constituted with the bulk of available combat power. (ADP 3-90)
strong point - A heavily fortified battle position tied to a natural
or reinforcing obstacle to create an anchor for the defense or to deny the enemy decisive or key terrain. (ADP 3-90)
subsequent position - A position that a unit expects to move to
during the course of battle. (ADP 3-90)
subversion - (DOD) Actions designed to undermine the military,
economic, psychological, or political strength or morale of a governing authority. (JP 3-24) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-18.1.
subversive political action - A planned series of activities
designed to accomplish political objectives by influencing, dominating, or displacing individuals or groups who are so placed as to affect the decisions and actions of another government. (ATP 3-18.1)
supplementary position - A defensive position located within a
unit's assigned area of operations that provides the best sectors of fire and defensive terrain along an avenue of approach that is not the primary avenue where the enemy is expected to attack. (ADP 3-90)
supply - (DOD) The procurement, distribution, maintenance
while in storage, and salvage of supplies, including the determination of kind and quantity of supplies. a. producer phase--That phase of military supply that extends from determination of procurement schedules to acceptance of finished supplies by the Services. b. consumer phase--That phase of military supply that extends from receipt of finished supplies by the Services through issue for use or consumption. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ATP 3-04.7, ATP 4-48. (Army) The process of providing all items necessary to equip, maintain,
and operate a military command. (FM 1-02.1) See also classes of supply.
supply chain - (DOD) The linked activities associated with
providing materiel from a raw materiel stage to an end user as a finished product. See also supply; supply chain risk management. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 4-0.1.
supply support activity - (DOD) Activities assigned a
Department of Defense activity address code and that have a supply support mission. Also called SSA. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 3-04.7.
support - (DOD) 1. The action of a force that aids, protects,
complements, or sustains another force in accordance with a directive requiring such action. Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 6-05. 2. A unit that helps another unit in battle. 3. An element of a command that assists, protects, or supplies other forces in combat. See also close support; direct support; general support; inter-Service support; mutual support. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 6-05.
support area - The portion of the commander's area of
operations that is designated to facilitate the positioning, employment, and protection of base sustainment assets required to sustain, enable, and control operations. (ADP 3-0)
support bridging - Bridges used to establish semipermanent or
permanent support to planned movements and road networks. (ATP 3-90.4)
support by fire - A tactical mission task in which a maneuver
force moves to a position where it can engage the enemy by direct fire in support of another maneuvering force. (FM
3-90-1) See also attack by fire, overwatch, tactical mission task.
support by fire position - The general position from which a
unit performs the tactical mission task of support by fire. (ADP 3-90)
support
operations
-
The
staff
function
of
planning,
coordinating, and synchronizing sustainment in support of units conducting decisive action in an area of operations. (ATP 4-93)
support to civil administration - Assistance given by U.S.
armed forces to stabilize or enhance the operations of the governing body of a foreign country, by assisting an established or interim government. Also called SCA. (FM 3-57)
support to resistance - A United States Government policy
option to support foreign resistance actors that offers an alternative to a direct U.S. military intervention or formal political engagement in a conflict. Also called STR. (ATP 3-18.1)
supported commander - (DOD) In the context of joint planning,
the commander who prepares operation plans or operation orders in response to requirements of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 6-05, ATP 3-60.2.
supported unit - (DOD) As related to contracted support, an
organization that is the recipient, but not necessarily the requester, of contracted support. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP
supporting arms coordination center - (DOD) A single location
on board an amphibious warfare ship in which all communication facilities incident to the coordination of fire support of the artillery, air, and naval gunfire are centralized. Also called SACC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-60.2.
supporting commander - (DOD) 1. A commander who provides
augmentation forces or other support to a supported commander or who develops a supporting plan. 2. In the context of a support command relationship, the commander who aids, protects, complements, or sustains another commander's force and who is responsible for providing the assistance required by the supported commander. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 6-05.
supporting distance - The distance between two units that can
be traveled in time for one to come to the aid of the other and prevent its defeat by an enemy or ensure it regains control of
a civil situation. (ADP 3-0) See also **supporting range**.
supporting effort - A designated subordinate unit with a mission
that supports the success of the main effort. (ADP 3-0)
supporting plan - (DOD) An operation plan prepared by a
supporting commander, a subordinate commander, or an agency to satisfy the requests or requirements of the supported commander's plan. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0, ATP 3-57.60.
supporting range - The distance one unit may be geographically
separated from a second unit yet remain within the maximum range of the second unit's weapons systems. (ADP 3-0) See
also **supporting distance**.
suppress - A tactical mission task that results in temporary
degradation of the performance of a force or weapons system below the level needed to accomplish the mission. (FM
3-90-1) See also **tactical mission task**.
suppression - (DOD) Temporary or transient degradation by an
opposing force of the performance of a weapons system below the level needed to fulfill its mission objectives. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20. (Army) In
the context of the computed effects of field artillery fires, renders a target ineffective for a short period of time producing at least 3-percent casualties or materiel damage. (FM 3-09)

suppression of enemy air defenses - (DOD) Activity that
neutralizes, destroys, or temporarily degrades surface-based enemy air defenses by destructive and/or disruptive means. Also called SEAD. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-55.6.
suppressive fire - Fires on or about a weapons system to
degrade its performance below the level needed to fulfill its mission objectives during the conduct of the fires. (FM 3-09)
surgical strike - The execution of capabilities in a precise
manner that employ special operations forces in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover, or damage designated targets, or influence threats. (ADP 3-05)
surrogate - Someone who acts on behalf of another. A surrogate
is an employee or subordinate that an employer commands and controls and for whose actions the employer bears some legal and moral responsibility. (ATP 3-18.1)
surveillance - (DOD) The systematic observation of aerospace,
cyberspace, surface, or subsurface areas, places, persons, or things by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 2-0, FM 3-55, FM 3-96, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-90.98.
survivability - (DOD) All aspects of protecting personnel,
weapons, and supplies while simultaneously deceiving the enemy. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 4-0, FM 4-01, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-91. (Army, Marine Corps) A quality or capability of military forces which permits them to avoid or withstand hostile actions or environmental conditions while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission. (ATP 3-37.34)
survivability move - A move that involves rapidly displacing a unit, command post, or facility in response to direct and indirect fires, the approach of a threat or as a proactive measure based on intelligence, meteorological data, and risk assessment of enemy capabilities and intentions. (ADP 3-90)

survivability operations - (Army, Marine Corps) Those military
activities that alter the physical environment to provide or improve cover, camouflage, and concealment. (ATP 3-37.34)
survival, evasion, resistance, and escape - (DOD) Actions
performed by isolated personnel designed to ensure their health, mobility, safety, and honor in anticipation of or preparation for their return to friendly control. Also called SERE. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.21, ATP 3-50.22.
suspension of arms - A form of local armistice concluded
between commanders of military forces for some local military purpose, such as to recover and bury the dead, to collect and care for the wounded and sick, to arrange for exchange of prisoners, or to enable a commander to communicate with his or her government or superior. Also called a suspension of fire. (FM 6-27)
sustaining operation - An operation at any echelon that enables
the decisive operation or shaping operations by generating
and maintaining combat power. (ADP 3-0) See also decisive operation, **shaping operation**.
sustainment - (DOD) The provision of logistics and personnel
services required to maintain and prolong operations until successful mission accomplishment. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 4-40, ATP 3-07.31. (Army) The provision of logistics, financial management, personnel services, and health service support necessary to maintain operations until successful mission completion. (ADP 4-0)
sustainment maintenance - Off -system component repair and/
or end item repair and return to the supply system or by exception to the owning unit, performed by national level maintenance providers. (FM 4-30)
sustainment preparation of the operational environment
The
analysis
to
determine
infrastructure,
physical
environment, and resources in the operational environment that will optimize or adversely impact friendly forces means for supporting and sustaining the commander's operations plan. (ADP 4-0)

sustainment warfighting function - The related tasks and
systems that provide support and services to ensure freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance.
(ADP 3-0) See also **warfighting function**.
subballast - Gravel, sand, or cinders used to provide a level
surface for the ballast and other track components. (ATP 4-14)
switch engines - The type of motive power used for receiving
cars, classifying, and reassembling them for delivery or forward movement. (ATP 4-14)
switch stand - The mechanism which controls the operation of
the switch and shows its position. (ATP 4-14)
switch tie - Specially cut and formed hardwood crossties,
designed to support switches, switch stands, and the moveable rails of a switch. (ATP 4-14)
synchronization - (DOD) 1. The arrangement of military actions
in time, space, and purpose to produce maximum relative combat power at a decisive place and time. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 3-09, FM 4-0, FM 6-05, ATP 3-21.90. 2. In the intelligence context, application of intelligence sources and methods in concert with the operation plan to answer intelligence requirements in time to influence the decisions they support. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 6-05.
system - (DOD) A functionally, physically, and/or behaviorally
related group of regularly interacting or interdependent elements; that group of elements forming a unified whole. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-07.
systems support contract - (DOD) A prearranged contract
awarded by a Military Department and the United States Special Operations Command program management office that provides fielding, technical, and maintenance support for selected military weapon and other systems. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ADP 4-0, ATP 4-10.

## T

TABOO frequencies - (DOD) Any friendly frequency of such
importance that it must never be deliberately jammed or interfered with by friendly forces including international distress, safety, and controller frequencies. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
tacit knowledge - What individuals know; a unique, personal
store of knowledge gained from life experiences, training, and networks
of
friends,
acquaintances,
and
professional
colleagues. (ATP 6-01.1)
tactical air control party - (DOD) A subordinate operational
component of a tactical air control system designed to provide air liaison to land forces and for the control of aircraft. Also called TACP. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 6-05, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-52.2.
tactical air coordinator (airborne) - (DOD) An aircrew member
who coordinates, from an aircraft, the actions of other aircraft engaged in air support of ground or sea forces. Also called TAC(A). (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42.
tactical assembly area - (DOD) An area that is generally out of
the reach of light artillery and the location where units make final preparations (pre-combat checks and inspections) and rest, prior to moving to the line of departure. Also called TAA. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-35.
tactical bridging - Bridges employed under the threat of direct
or indirect fire for the immediate mobility support of combat maneuver forces in close combat and are intended to be used multiple times for short periods. (ATP 3-90.4)
tactical combat force - (DOD) A rapidly deployable, air-ground,
mobile combat unit with appropriate combat support and combat service support assets assigned to, and capable of, defeating Level III threats, including combined arms. Also called TCF. (JP 3-10) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-90.20, ATP
3-90.98, ATP 3-91.

tactical command post - A facility containing a tailored portion
of a unit headquarters designed to control portions of an operation for a limited time. (FM 6-0)
tactical control - (DOD) The authority over forces that is limited
to the detailed direction and control of movements or maneuvers
within
the
operational
area
necessary
to
accomplish missions or tasks assigned. Also called TACON. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0, FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-53.1.
tactical data link - (DOD) A Joint Staff-approved, standardized
communication link used for the transmission of digital information via a single or multiple network architecture and multiple communication media for exchange of tactical information. Also called TDL. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 3-01.85.
tactical deception - An activity planned and executed by, and in
support of, tactical-level commanders to cause enemy decision makers to take actions or inactions prejudicial to themselves and favorable to the achievement of tactical commanders' objectives. (FM 3-13.4)
tactical level of warfare - (DOD) The level of warfare at which
battles and engagements are planned and executed to achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-90, ADP 5-0, ATP 2-33.4.
tactical mission task - The specific activity performed by a unit
while executing a form of tactical operation or form of maneuver. It may be expressed in terms of either actions by a
friendly force or effects on an enemy force. See also mission statement, **operation order**. (FM 3-90-1)
tactical mobility - The ability of friendly forces to move and
maneuver freely on the battlefield relative to the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
tactical questioning - (DOD) The field-expedient initial
questioning for information of immediate tactical value of a captured or detained person at or near the point of capture and before the individual is placed in a detention facility. Also
called TQ. (JP 3-63) Referenced in ATP 3-55.4.

tactical road march - A rapid movement used to relocate units
within an area of operations to prepare for combat operations.
(ADP 3-90) See also **area of operations**.
tactics - (DOD) The employment and ordered arrangement of
forces in relation to each other. (CJCSM 5120.01) Referenced in ADP 1-01, FM 3-09, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20. (Army) The employment, ordered arrangement, and directed actions of forces in relation to each other. (ADP 3-90)
tailgate medical support - An economy of force device
employed primarily to retain maximum mobility during movement halts or to avoid the time and effort required to set up a formal, operational treatment facility (for example, during rapid advance and retrograde operations). (FM 4-02)
target - (DOD) An entity or object that performs a function for
the threat considered for possible engagement or other action. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 6-27, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.90.
target acquisition - (DOD) The detection, identification, and
location of a target in sufficient detail to permit the effective employment of capabilities that create the required effects. Also called TA. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.12, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.6.
target analysis - (DOD) An examination of potential targets to
determine military importance, priority of engagement, and capabilities required to create a desired effect. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-55.6.
target area of interest - (DOD) The geographical area where
high-value targets can be acquired and engaged by friendly forces. Also called TAI. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.6,
ATP 3-60.2. See also high-payoff target, high-value target.
target audience - (DOD) An individual or group selected for
influence. Also called TA (JP 3-13) Referenced in FM 3-24, FM 3-53, ATP 3-53.2.
target development - (DOD) The systematic examination of
potential target systems--and their components, individual targets, and even elements of targets--to determine the necessary type and duration of the action that must be exerted on each target to create an effect that is consistent with the commander's specific objectives. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-94.2.
target identification - The accurate and timely characterization
of a detected object on the battlefield as friend, neutral, or enemy. (ATP 3-21.20)
targeting - (DOD) The process of selecting and prioritizing
targets and matching the appropriate response to them, considering operational requirements and capabilities. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-16, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 6-27, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-22.4, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 3-96.1.
target intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence that portrays and
locates the components of a target or target complex and indicates its vulnerability and relative importance. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 2-0, ATP 2-19.3.
target location error - (DOD) The difference between the
coordinates generated for a target and the actual location of the target. Also called TLE. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-09.42.
target of opportunity - (DOD) 1. A target identified too late, or
not selected for action in time, to be included in deliberate targeting that, when detected or located, meets criteria specific to achieving objectives and is processed using dynamic targeting. Referenced in ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-53.2. 2. A target visible to a surface or air sensor or observer, which is within range of available weapons and against which fire has not been scheduled or requested. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-60.1.
target reference point - (DOD) A predetermined point of reference, normally a permanent structure or terrain feature that can be used when describing a target location. Also called TRP. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.98.

task - (DOD) A clearly defined action or activity specifically
assigned to an individual or organization that must be done as it is imposed by an appropriate authority. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 1-01, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-93.
task order - (DOD) Order for services placed against an
established contract. See also civil augmentation program. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
task organization - (DOD) An organization that assigns to
responsible commanders the means with which to accomplish their assigned tasks in any planned action. (JP 3-33) Referenced in FM 3-98. (Army) A temporary grouping of forces designed to accomplish a particular mission. (ADP 5-0)
task-organizing - (Army) The act of designing a force, support
staff, or sustainment package of specific size and composition to meet a unique task or mission. (ADP 3-0)
technical channels - (Army) The chain of authority for ensuring
the execution of clearly delineated technical tasks, functions, and capabilities to meet the dynamic requirements of Department of Defense information network operations. (ATP 6-02.71)
technical effects - One or more capabilities, activities, or
programs planned, coordinated, or executed that utilize classified means to accomplish an objective or enable military
operations. (FM 1-02.1) *Note:* Encompasses all capabilities,
activities, or programs that, when associated with authorities or specific targets, target audiences, or locations, are classified at a higher level than UNCLASSIFIED. This term enables staffs and commanders to describe single or multiple capabilities, activities, or programs delivering an effect to accomplish an objective in an UNCLASSIFIED or a lower classification venue than required by specific security classification guides. These capabilities, activities, or programs include, but are not
limited to: cyber OPE, delayed and non-attribution MISO, deception in support of OPSEC, electronic attack, electronic warfare support, joint MILDEC, offensive counter intelligence operations, offensive cyberspace operations, offensive space operations, special access programs, and tactical deception.

technical intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence derived from the
collection, processing, analysis, and exploitation of data and information pertaining to foreign equipment and materiel for the purposes of preventing technological surprise, assessing foreign scientific and technical capabilities, and developing countermeasures designed to neutralize an adversary's technological advantages. Also called TECHINT. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 2-0, FM 3-16, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 2-22.4, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 3-90.1.
techniques - (DOD) Non-prescriptive ways or methods used to
perform missions, functions, or tasks.
(CJCSM 5120.01) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 3-0, FM 3-96,
ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.50, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50.
tempo - The relative speed and rhythm of military operations
over time with respect to the enemy. (ADP 3-0)
tenets of operations - Desirable attributes that should be built
into all plans and operations and are directly related to the Army's operational concept. (ADP 1-01)
terminal - (DOD) A facility designed to transfer cargo from one
means of conveyance to another. (JP 4-01.6) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-13.
terminal attack control - (DOD) The authority to control the
maneuver of and grant weapons release clearance to attacking aircraft. Also called TAC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
terminal guidance operations - (DOD) Actions using electronic,
mechanical, voice, or visual communications that provide approaching aircraft and/or weapons additional information regarding a specific target location. Also called TGO. (JP 3-09) Referenced in ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
terminal operations - (DOD) The reception, processing, and
staging of passengers; the receipt, transit, storage, and marshalling of cargo; the loading and unloading of modes of transport conveyances; and the manifesting and forwarding of cargo and passengers to destination. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-11, ATP 4-13.
terminal phase - (DOD) That portion of the flight of a ballistic
missile that begins when the warhead or payload reenters the atmosphere and ends when the warhead or payload detonates, releases its submunitions, or impacts. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5.
termination criteria - (DOD) The specified standards approved
by the President and/or the Secretary of Defense that must be met before a military operation can be concluded. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 4-93.
terrain analysis - DOD) The collection, analysis, evaluation, and
interpretation of geographic information on the natural and man-made features of the terrain, combined with other relevant factors, to predict the effect of the terrain on military operations. (JP 2-03) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-13.1. (Army) The study of the terrain's properties and how they change over time, with use, and under varying weather conditions. (ATP 3-34.80)
terrain management - The process of allocating terrain by
establishing areas of operation, designating assembly areas, and specifying locations for units and activities to deconflict activities that might interfere with each other. (ADP 3-90)
terrorism - (DOD) The unlawful use of violence or threat of
violence, often motivated by religious, political, or other ideological beliefs, to instill fear and coerce individuals, governments or societies in pursuit of terrorist goals. (JP 3-26) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.80.
theater - (DOD) The geographical area for which a commander
of a geographic combatant command has been assigned responsibility. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-57.20,
theater closing - The process of redeploying Army forces and
equipment from a theater, the drawdown and removal or disposition of Army non-unit equipment and materiel, and the transition of materiel and facilities back to host nation or civil authorities. (ADP 4-0)
theater container management - The supervision and control of
containers as they move through the distribution system to ensure they are delivered, discharged and returned in accordance to the combatant commander's concept of operations. (ATP 4-12)
theater distribution - (DOD) The flow of personnel, equipment,
and materiel within theater to meet the geographic combatant commander's missions. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ADP 4-0, ATP 4-0.1, ATP 4-48.
theater distribution system - (DOD) The four independent and
mutually supported networks within an area of responsibility to meet the geographic combatant commander's requirements: the physical network, the financial network, the information network, and the communications network. (JP 4-01) Referenced in FM 4-01.
theater evacuation policy - A command decision indicating the
length in days of the maximum period of noneffectiveness that patients may be held within the command for treatment, and the medical determination of patients that cannot be returned to duty status within the period prescribed requiring evacuation by the first available means, provided the travel involved will not aggravate their disabilities or medical condition. (ATP 4-02.2)
theater of operations - (DOD) An operational area defined by
the geographic combatant commander for the conduct or support of specific military operations. Also called TO. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-52.2, ATP 4-43, ATP 4-93.
theater opening - The ability to establish and operate ports of
debarkation (air, sea, and rail), to establish a distribution system and sustainment bases, and to facilitate throughput for the reception, staging, and onward movement of forces within
a theater of operations. (ADP 4-0)

theater special operations command - (DOD) A subordinate
unified command established by a combatant commander to plan,
coordinate,
conduct,
and
support
joint
special
operations. Also called TSOC. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-53, ATP 3-05.2.
theater support contract - (DOD) A type of contract awarded by
contingency contracting officers in the operational area serving under the direct contracting authority of the Service component, United States Special Operations Command, or designated joint head of a contracting activity for the operation. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ADP 4-0, ATP 4-10.
theater validation identification - The employment of multiple
independent, established protocols and technologies by scientific experts in the controlled environment of a fixed or mobile/transportable laboratory to characterize a chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear hazard with a high level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary to support operational-level decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
thermal crossover - (DOD) The natural phenomenon that
normally occurs twice daily when temperature conditions are such that there is a loss of contrast between two adjacent objects on infrared imagery . (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
thorough decontamination - (DOD) Decontamination carried
out by a unit to reduce contamination on personnel, equipment, materiel, and/or working areas equal to natural background or to the lowest possible levels, to permit the partial or total removal of individual protective equipment and to maintain operations with minimum degradation. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 4-02.7.
threat - Any combination of actors, entities, or forces that have
the capability and intent to harm United States forces, United States national interests, or the homeland. (ADP 3-0)
threat assessment - (DOD) In antiterrorism, examining the
capabilities, intentions, and activities, past and present, of
terrorist organizations, as well as the security environment within which friendly forces operate to determine the level of threat. Also called TA. (JP 3-26) Referenced in FM 3-16.

throughput - (DOD) 1. In transportation, the average quantity of
cargo and passengers that can pass through a port on a daily basis from arrival at the port to loading onto a ship or plane, or from the discharge from a ship or plane to the exit (clearance) from the port complex. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-01.91, ATP 4-0.1, ATP 4-13, ATP 4-93. 2. In patient movement and care, the maximum number of patients (stable or stabilized) by category, that can be received at the airport, staged, transported, and received at the proper hospital within any 24-hour period. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 4-01.
throughput capacity - (DOD) The estimated capacity of a port
or an anchorage to clear cargo and/or passengers in 24 hours usually expressed in tons for cargo, but may be expressed in any agreed upon unit of measurement . (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in FM 4-01.
throughput distribution - A method of distribution which
bypasses one or more intermediate supply echelons in the supply system to avoid multiple handling. (ATP 4-11)
time of attack - The moment the leading elements of the main
body cross the line of departure or, in a limited-visibility attack, the point of departure. (ADP 3-90)
time on target - (DOD) The actual time at which munitions
impact the target. Also called TOT. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-60.2.
time-phased force and deployment data - (DOD) The timephased force, non-unit cargo, and personnel data combined with movement data for the operation plan, operation order, or ongoing rotation of forces. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 4-01.
times - (DOD) The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
coordinates the proposed dates and times with the commanders of the appropriate unified and specified commands, as well as any recommended changes when specified operations are to occur (C-, D-, M-days end at 2400
hours Universal Time [Zulu time] and are assumed to be 24 hours long for planning). (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0.

time-sensitive target - (DOD) joint force commander-validated
target or set of targets requiring immediate response because it is a highly lucrative, fleeting target of opportunity or it poses (or will soon pose) a danger to friendly forces. Also called TST. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 6-05, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2.
token - An electronic identification method used within a multinode configured command and control, battle management, and communications suite to identify the lead server for transmission of track data. The token may be transferred between suites to maintain positive integrity of track data. The suite where the token resides is the only suite that may make changes to the AN/TPY-2 system configuration. The token methodology also applies within a single node command
and
control,
battle
management,
and
communications suite, but the token remains within the single node. (ATP 3-27.5)
toxic industrial biological - (DOD) Any biological material
manufactured, used, transported, or stored by industrial, medical, or commercial processes which could pose an infectious or toxic threat. Also called TIB. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-11.32.
toxic industrial chemical - (DOD) A chemical developed or
manufactured for use in industrial operations or research by industry, government, or academia that poses a hazard. Also called TIC. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-11.32, ATP 4-02.82.
toxic industrial material - (DOD) A generic term for toxic,
chemical, biological, or radioactive substances in solid, liquid, aerosolized, or gaseous form that may be used, or stored for use, for industrial, commercial, medical, military, or domestic purposes. Also called TIM. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-11.32, ATP 4-02.7.
toxic industrial radiological - (DOD) Any radiological material
manufactured, used, transported, or stored by industrial, medical, or commercial processes. Also called TIR. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-11.32.
track - (DOD) 1. series of related contacts displayed on a data
display console or other display device. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5. 2. To display or record the successive positions of a moving object. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-27.5. 3, ATP 3-55.6. 3. To lock onto a point of radiation and obtain guidance therefrom. 4. To keep a gun properly aimed, or to point continuously a target-locating instrument at a moving target. 5. The actual path of an aircraft above or a ship on the surface of the Earth. 6. One of the two endless belts on which a full-track or half-track vehicle runs. 7. A metal part forming a path for a moving object such as the track around the inside of a vehicle for moving a mounted machine gun. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5.
track alignment - The horizontal dimension of a track; for
example, curves. (ATP 4-14)
tracking - (DOD) Precise and continuous position-finding of
targets by radar, optical, or other means. (JP 3-07.4) Referenced in ATP 3-04.7.
track profile - The vertical dimensions of the track caused by
terrain features such as hills or valleys. (ATP 4-14)
tractive effort - A measure of the potential power of a
locomotive expressed in pounds. (ATP 4-14)
traffic control post - A manned post that is used to preclude the
interruption of traffic flow or movement along a designated route. (FM 3-39)
trail party - The last march unit in a march column and
normally consists of primarily maintenance elements in a
mounted march. (FM 3-90-2) See also march serial, march unit.
train density - The number of trains that may be operated safely
over a division in each direction during a 24-hour period. Also called TD. (ATP 4-14)
train dispatcher - Responsible for main-line movement of
passenger and freight trains on a division. (ATP 4-14)
training and evaluation outline - A summary document that
provides information on individual or collective task training objectives, resource requirements, and evaluation procedures. Also called T&EO. (FM 7-0)
training and readiness oversight - (DOD) The authority that
combatant commanders may exercise over assigned Reserve Component forces when not on active duty or when on active duty for training. Also called TRO. See also combatant commander. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-0. FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
training objective - A statement that describes the desired
outcome of a training activity in the unit. (FM 7-0)
transitional military authority - A temporary military
government exercising the functions of civil administration in the absence of a legitimate civil authority. (FM 3-07)
transmission security - (DOD) Actions designed to protect
communications from interception and exploitation by means other than cryptoanalysis. Also called TRANSEC. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 6-02.75.
transportation - A logistics function that includes movement
control and associated activities to incorporate military, commercial, and multinational motor, rail, air, and water mode assets in the movement of units, personnel, equipment, and supplies in support the concept of operations. (FM 1-02.1)
transportation component command - (DOD) A major
command of its parent Service under United States Transportation Command, which includes Air Force Air Mobility Command, Navy Military Sealift Command, and Army
Military
Surface
Deployment
and
Distribution
Command. Also called TCC. (JP 4-01.6) Referenced in FM 4-01.
transportation feasibility - (DOD) A determination that the
available lift capability exists to move forces, equipment, and supplies from the point of origin to the port of debarkation
within the commander's timeline. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.

transportation priorities - (DOD) Indicators assigned to eligible
traffic that establish its movement precedence. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
transportation system - (DOD) All the land, water, and air
routes and transportation assets conducting movement of United States forces and their supplies during military operations. (JP 4-01) Referenced in FM 4-01.
traveling - A movement technique used when speed is necessary
and contact with enemy forces is not likely. (ATP 3-21.20)
traveling overwatch - A movement technique used when
contact with enemy forces is possible. The lead element and trailing element are separated by a short distance which varies with the terrain. The trailing element moves at variable speeds and may pause for short periods to overwatch the lead element. It keys its movement to terrain and the lead element. The trailing element over-watches at such a distance that, should the enemy engage the lead element, it will not prevent the trailing element from firing or moving to support the lead element. (FM 3-90-2)
triage - The medical sorting of patients. The categories are:
MINIMAL (OR AMBULATORY) those who require limited treatment and can be returned to duty; IMMEDIATEpatients requiring immediate care to save life or limb; DELAYED patients who, after emergency treatment, incur little additional risk by delay or further treatment; and EXPECTANT patients so critically injured that only complicated and prolonged treatment will improve life expectancy. (FM 4-02)
trigger line - A phase line located on identifiable terrain that
crosses the engagement area that is used to initiate and mass fires into an engagement area at a predetermined range for all
or like weapon systems. (ATP 3-21.20) See also engagement area, **phase line**.
troop - A company-size unit in a cavalry organization. (ADP
3-90)
troop leading procedures - A dynamic process used by small-
unit leaders to analyze a mission, develop a plan, and prepare for an operation. (ADP 5-0)

troop movement - The movement of Soldiers and units from one
place to another by any available means. (ADP 3-90)
turn - 1. A tactical mission task that involves forcing an enemy
force from one avenue of approach or mobility corridor to another. 2. A tactical obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to divert an enemy formation from one avenue of approach to an adjacent avenue of approach or into an engagement area. (FM 3-90-1) See also
avenue of approach, **tactical mission task**.
turning movement - (Army) A form of maneuver in which the
attacking force seeks to avoid the enemy's principle defensive positions by seizing objectives behind the enemy's current positions thereby causing the enemy force to move out of their current positions or divert major forces to meet the threat. (FM 3-90-1)
two-level maintenance - Tiered maintenance system comprised
of field and sustainment maintenance. (FM 4-30)
U
unanticipated target - (DOD) A target of opportunity that was
unknown or not expected to exist in the operational environment. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-60.1.
unauthorized commitment - (DOD) An agreement that is not
binding solely because the United States Government representative who made it lacked the authority to enter into that agreement on behalf of the United States Government. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
uncertain environment - (DOD) Operational environment in
which host government forces, whether opposed to or receptive to operations that a unit intends to conduct, do not have totally effective control of the territory and population in the intended operational area. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.10.
uncommitted force - A force that is not in contact with an
enemy and is not already deployed on a specific mission or course of action. (ADP 3-90)
unconventional assisted recovery - (DOD) Nonconventional
assisted recovery conducted by special operations forces. Also called UAR. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-05.1.
unconventional assisted recovery coordination cell - (DOD) A
compartmented special operations forces cell, established to coordinate, synchronize, and deconflict nonconventional assisted recovery operations within the operational area assigned to the joint force commander. Also called UARCC. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-05.1.
unconventional warfare - (DOD) Activities conducted to enable
a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area. Also called UW. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-53, FM 3-57, FM 6-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-18.1, ATP 4-14.
underframe - The structure of a railcar under the deck that
supports the weight of the load. (ATP 4-14)
underground - A cellular covert element within unconventional
warfare that is compartmentalized and conducts covert or clandestine activities in areas normally denied to the auxiliary and the guerrilla force. (ADP 3-05)
understanding - In the context of decision making, knowledge
that has been synthesized and had judgment applied to comprehend the situation's inner relationships, enable decision making, and drive action. (ADP 6-0)
unexploded explosive ordnance - (DOD) Explosive ordnance
that has been primed, fused, armed or otherwise prepared for action, and that has been fired, dropped, launched, projected, or placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installations, personnel, or material and remains unexploded either by malfunction or design or for any other cause. Also called UXO. (JP 3-42) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31, ATP 4-32, ATP 4-32.2.
unified action - (DOD) The synchronization, coordination, and/
or integration of the activities of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 1, ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 3-28, ADP 4-0, ADP 6-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-52, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-20.98, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-22.6.
unified action partners - Those military forces, governmental
and nongovernmental organizations, and elements of the private sector with whom Army forces plan, coordinate, synchronize, and integrate during the conduct of operations. (ADP 3-0)
unified command - (DOD) A command with a broad continuing
mission under a single commander, composed of significant assigned components of two or more Military Departments that is established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 4-43.
Unified Command Plan - (DOD) The document, approved by
the President, that sets forth basic guidance to all combatant commanders; establishes their missions, responsibilities, and force structure; delineates geographical areas of responsibility; and specifies functional responsibilities for designated combatant commanders. Also called UCP. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 3-53, ATP 3-27.5.
unified land operations - The simultaneous execution of
offense, defense, stability, and defense support of civil authorities across multiple domains to shape operational environments, prevent conflict, prevail in large-scale ground combat, and consolidate gains as part of unified action. (ADP 3-0)
unit - (DOD) 1. Any military element whose structure is
prescribed by competent authority. (JP 3-33) Referenced in FM 1-02.2.
unit distribution - A method of distributing supplies by which
the receiving unit is issued supplies in its own area, with transportation furnished by the issuing agency. (FM 4-40)
unit historical officer - An individual, military or civilian, who
is designated as the unit historian and is responsible for military history activities. (ATP 1-20)
unit history - An informal narrative that covers the entire
history of a specific unit, written in an easy-to-read manner for the benefit of the Soldiers. (ATP 1-20)
unit line number - (DOD) A seven-character alphanumeric code
that describes a unique increment of a unit deployment, i.e., advance party, main body, equipment by sea and air, reception team, or trail party, in the time-phased force and deployment data. Also called ULN. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
unit movement data - (DOD) A unit equipment and/or supply
listing containing corresponding transportability data. Also called UMD. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
unity of command - (DOD) The operation of all forces under a
single responsible commander who has the requisite authority to direct and employ those forces in pursuit of a common purpose. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 6-0, FM 3-24.
unity of effort - (DOD) Coordination and cooperation toward
common objectives, even if the participants are not necessarily part of the same command or organization that is the product of successful unified action. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 3-28, ADP 6-0, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 4-0, FM 6-05, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-22.6.
Universal Time - (DOD) A measure of time that conforms,
within a close approximation, to the mean diurnal rotation of the Earth and serves as the basis of civil timekeeping. Also called ZULU time. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 6-02.53.
unmanned aircraft - (DOD) An aircraft that does not carry a
human operator and is capable of flight with or without human remote control. Also called UA. (JP 3-30) Referenced
in ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-60.2.

unmanned aircraft system - (DOD) That system whose
components include the necessary equipment, network, and personnel to control an unmanned aircraft. Also called UAS. (JP 3-30) Referenced in FM 3-16, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-04.64.
unprivileged belligerent - A person who, by engaging in
hostilities, has incurred the corresponding liabilities of combatant status (for example, being subject to attack or detention), but who is not entitled to the distinct privileges of combatant status (for example, combatant immunity and prisoner of war status upon capture). (FM 6-27)
urban operations - Operations across the range of military
operations planned and conducted on, or against objectives on a topographical complex and its adjacent natural terrain, where man-made construction or the density of population are the dominant features. (ATP 3-06)
U.S. military prisoner - A person sentenced to confinement or
death during a court-martial and ordered into confinement by a competent authority, whether or not the convening authority has approved the sentence. (FM 3-39)
validate - (DOD) Execution procedure used by combatant
command components, supporting combatant commanders, and providing organizations to confirm to the supported commander and United States Transportation Command that all the information records in a time-phased force and deployment data not only are error-free for automation purposes, but also accurately reflect the current status, attributes, and availability of units and requirements. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 4-01.
validation - (DOD) 1. A process associated with the collection
and production of intelligence that confirms that an intelligence
collection
or
production
requirement
is
sufficiently important to justify the dedication of intelligence resources, does not duplicate an existing requirement, and has not been previously satisfied. Referenced in ATP 3-60.1. 2. A part of target development that ensures all candidate targets meet the objectives and criteria outlined in the commander's guidance and ensures compliance with the law of war and rules of engagement. Referenced in ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-60.1. 3. In the context of time-phased force and deployment data validation, it is an execution procedure whereby all the information records in the time-phased force and deployment data are confirmed error-free and accurately reflect the current status, attributes, and availability of units and requirements. Referenced in ATP 3-35, ATP 3-60.1. 4. A global force management procedure for assessing combatant command requirements to determine viability, for sourcing, with respect to risk and prioritization between competing needs and the nature of the requirement. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-60.1.

vehicle-borne improvised explosive device - (DOD A device
placed or fabricated in an improvised manner on a vehicle incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals and designed to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract. Also called VBIED. (JP 3-10) Referenced in ATP 3-18.14.
vehicle distance - The clearance between vehicles in a column
which is measured from the rear of one vehicle to the front of
the following vehicle. (ATP 3-21.20) See also **march column**, march serial, **march unit**.
verification - (DOD) 1. In arms control, any action, including
inspection, detection, and identification, taken to ascertain compliance with agreed measures. (JP 3-41) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
vertical interval - The difference in altitude between the unit or
observer and the target or point of burst. (ATP 3-09.50)
vetting - (DOD) A part of target development that assesses the
accuracy of the supporting intelligence to targeting. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1.
visual information - (DOD) Various visual media with or
without sound that generally includes still and motion photography, audio video recording, graphic arts, and visual presentations. Also called VI. (JP 3-61) Referenced in FM 6-02, ATP 6-02.40.
Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement - (DOD) An
agreement that provides the Department of Defense with assured access to United States flag assets, both vessel capacity and intermodal systems, to meet Department of Defense contingency requirements. Also called VISA. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01.
vulnerabilities - Characteristics, motives, or conditions of the
target audience that can be used to influence behavior. (FM 3-53)
vulnerability - (DOD) 2. The characteristics of a system that can
cause it to be degraded (incapability to perform the designated function or mission) as a result of being subjected to a certain level of effects in an unnatural (man-made) hostile environment. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-14.
waiting area - A location on both banks (or sides) that are
adjacent to the route or axis used for the concealment of vehicles, troops, and equipment while an element is waiting to resume movement. (ATP 3-90.4)
warfighting function - A group of tasks and systems united by a
common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions and training objectives. (ADP 3-0)
warning intelligence - (DOD) Those intelligence activities
intended to detect and report time-sensitive intelligence information on foreign developments that forewarn of hostile actions or intention against United States entities, partners, or interests. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 2-0, ATP 2-22.82.
warning order - (DOD) 1. A preliminary notice of an order or
action that is to follow. Referenced in FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-57.60. 2. A planning
directive that initiates the development and evaluation of military courses of action by a commander. Referenced in ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-57.60. Also called WARNORD. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-57.60.

wartime reserve modes - (DOD) Characteristics and operating
procedures of sensor, communications, navigation aids, threat recognition, weapons, and countermeasures systems that will contribute to military effectiveness if unknown to, or misunderstood by, opposing commanders before they are used but could be exploited or neutralized if known in advance. Also called WARM. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 3-12.3.
waste discharge - The accidental or intentional spilling, leaking,
pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or dumping of a hazardous waste into or onto any land or water. (ATP 3-34.5)
weaponeering - (DOD) The process of determining the specific
means required to create a desired effect on a given target. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 6-27, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-91.1.
weapon engagement zone - (DOD) In air defense, airspace of
defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with a particular weapon system. Also called WEZ. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-06.1.
weapons control status - (DOD) An air and missile defense
control measure declared for a particular area and time by an area air defense commander, or delegated subordinate commander, based on the rules of engagement that establish the conditions under which fighters and surface air defense weapons are permitted to engage threats. Also called WCS. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87.
weapons of mass destruction - (DOD) Chemical, biological,
radiological, or nuclear weapons capable of a high order of destruction or causing mass casualties and exclude the means of transporting or propelling the weapon where such means is a separable and divisible part from the weapon. Also called
WMD. (JP 3-40) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-11, FM 3-96, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 4-32, ATP 4-32.2.

weapons technical intelligence - (DOD) A subcategory of
technical intelligence derived from the technical and forensic collection and exploitation of improvised explosive devices, associated components, improvised weapons, and other weapon systems. Also called WTI. (JP 3-15.1) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ATP 2-22.4, ATP 4-32.
wide area security - The application of the elements of combat
power in unified action to protect populations, forces, infrastructure, and activities; to deny the enemy positions of advantage; and to consolidate gains in order to retain the initiative. (ADP 3-0)
withdraw - To disengage from an enemy force and move in a
direction away from the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
working group - (Army) A grouping of predetermined staff
representatives who meet to provide analysis, coordinate, and provide recommendations for a particular purpose or function. (FM 6-0)
wreck train - A train specially configured and tailored to
conduct wreck recovery operations. (ATP 4-14)
wythe system - A steam and diesel-electric locomotive
classification system that groups wheels and uses numerals separated by hyphens to represent the number of wheels in each group. (ATP 4-14)
X-hour - The unspecified time that commences unit notification
for planning and deployment preparation in support of potential contingency operations that do not involve rapid, short notice deployment. (FM 3-99)
X-hour sequence - An extended sequence of events initiated by
X-hour that allow a unit to focus on planning for a potential contingency operation, to include preparation for deployment. (FM 3-99).
zone of fire - (DOD) An area into which a designated ground
unit or fire support ship delivers, or is prepared to deliver, fire support. Also called ZF. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09.
zone reconnaissance - A type of reconnaissance operation that
involves a directed effort to obtain detailed information on all routes, obstacles, terrain, and enemy forces within a zone defined by boundaries. (ADP 3-90)

## Chapter 2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, And Country Codes

This chapter presents acronyms, abbreviations, and geographical entity codes.

## Section I - Acronyms And Abbreviations

2-1. This section (on pages 2-1 through 2-23) lists selected Army and joint acronyms and abbreviations commonly used in Army doctrine.

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| A2                    | *antiaccess                          |
|-----------------------|--------------------------------------|
| AA                    | *assembly area                       |
| , *avenue of approach |                                      |
| AADC                  | *area air defense commander          |
| AADP                  | area air defense plan                |
| AAFES                 | Army Air Force Exchange Service      |
| AAMDC                 | Army Air and Missile Defense Command |
| AAP                   | Allied administrative publication    |
| AAR               | after action review                           |
|-------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| ABCA              | American, British, Canadian, Australian, and  |
| New Zealand       |                                               |
| ABCS              | Army Battle Command System                    |
| ABCT              | armored brigade combat team                   |
| ABN               | airborne                                      |
| AC                | Active Component                              |
| ACA               | *airspace                                     |
| coordination area |                                               |
| ACCE              | *air component coordination element           |
| ACH               | advanced combat helmet                        |
| ACM               | airspace coordinating measure                 |
| ACP               | *airspace control plan                        |
| ACO               | *administrative contracting officer, airspace |
| control order     |                                               |
| ACS               | *airspace control system                      |
| ACSA              | acquisition and cross-servicing agreement     |
| ACT               | *activity                                     |
| ACU               | Army combat uniform                           |
| AD3E              | assess, decide, develop and detect, deliver,  |
| and evaluate      |                                               |
| AD                | *air defense, *area denial                    |
| ADA               | *air defense artillery                        |
| A/DACG            | arrival/departure airfield control group      |
| ADAM              | air defense airspace management               |
| ADL               | *available-to-load date                       |
| ADP               | Army doctrine publication                     |
| ADRP              | Army doctrine reference publication           |
| ADSI                      | air defense systems integrator                |
|---------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| ADWC                      | *air defense warning condition                |
| AE                        | aeromedical evacuation                        |
| AEF                       | American Expeditionary Forces                 |
| AEP                       | allied engineering publication                |
| AFATDS                    | Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System |
| AER                       | Army Emergency Relief                         |
| AFB                       | Air Force base                                |
| AFI                       | Air Force instruction                         |
| AFMAN                     | Air Force Manual                              |
| AFO                       | *advanced force operations                    |
| AFSB                      | Army field support brigade                    |
| AFTTP                     | Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures |
| AFWA                      | Air Force Weather Agency                      |
| AG                        | adjutant general                              |
| AGL                       | above ground level                            |
| AGM                       | *attack                                       |
| missile                   |                                               |
| AGO                       | *air-ground operations                        |
| AGR                       | ability group run                             |
| AHS                       | Army Health System                            |
| AI                        | assistant instructor                          |
| AIS                       | automated-information system                  |
| AIT                       | Advance                                       |
| ,                         | automatic                                     |
| identification technology |                                               |
| AJP                       | allied joint publication                      |
| AKO                       | Army Knowledge Online                         |
| ALE       | Army                                         |
|-----------|----------------------------------------------|
| element   |                                              |
| ALO       | *air liaison officer                         |
| ALSA      | Air Land Sea Application (Center)            |
| ALT       | alternate                                    |
| AM        | amplitude modulation                         |
| AMC       | *airborne mission coordinator, *Air Mobility |
| Command   |                                              |
| AMD       | air and missile defense                      |
| AMDWS     | air and missile defense workstation          |
| ANDVT     | advanced narrowband digital voice terminal   |
| ANG       | Air National Guard                           |
| ANGLICO   | air-naval gunfire liaison company            |
| ANW2      | Adaptive Networking Wideband Waveform        |
| AO        | area of operations                           |
| AOA       | amphibious objective area                    |
| AOC       | air operations center                        |
| AOR       | *area of responsibility                      |
| AOI       | area of interest                             |
| APC       | armored personnel carrier                    |
| APCO      | association of public safety communication   |
| officials |                                              |
| APEX      | *Adaptive Planning and Execution system      |
| APFT      | Army Physical Fitness Test                   |
| APKWS     | advance precision kill weapon system         |
| APOD      | aerial port of debarkation                   |
| APOE      | aerial port of embarkation                   |
| APORT     | *aerial port                                 |
| APP                                     | allied procedural publication                    |
|-----------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|
| APS                                     | Army pre-positioned stocks                       |
| AR                                      | Army regulation                                  |
| ARCENT                                  | United States Army Central Command               |
| ARFOR                                   | (Not used as an acronym in Army doctrine.        |
| See term in chapter 1.)                 |                                                  |
| ARFORGEN                                | Army force generation                            |
| ARM                                     | *antiradiation missile                           |
| ARNG                                    | Army National Guard                              |
| ARNGUS                                  | Army National Guard of the United States         |
| ARRB                                    | *Army requirements review board                  |
| ARSOAC                                  | Army Special Operations Aviation Command         |
| ARSOF                                   | Army special operations forces                   |
| ARSTRAT                                 | U.S. Army Forces Strategic Command               |
| ASA(ALT)                                | Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, |
| Logistics, and Technology               |                                                  |
| ASAS                                    | All Source Analysis System                       |
| ASC                                     | Army Sustainment Command                         |
| ASCC                                    | *Army Service component command                  |
| ASCOPE                                  | areas, structures, capabilities, organizations,  |
| people, and events                      |                                                  |
| ASD                                     |                                                  |
| (HD&ASA)                                |                                                  |
| Assistant                               | Secretary                                        |
| Defense and Americas' Security Affairs) |                                                  |
| ASI                                     | additional skill identifier                      |
| ASOC                                    | *air support operations center                   |
| ASP                                     | ammunition supply point                          |
| ASR                                     | *alternate supply route                          |
| AT                                      | *antiterrorism, antitank                         |
| ATACMS   | Army Tactical Missile System             |
|----------|------------------------------------------|
| ATGM     | antitank guided missile                  |
| ATHP     | *ammunition transfer holding point       |
| ATN      | Army Training Network                    |
| ATO      | *air tasking order                       |
| ATP      | Army techniques publication              |
| ATS      | air traffic service                      |
| ATTP     | Army tactics, techniques, and procedures |
| AUTL     | Army Universal Task List                 |
| AV       | *asset visibility                        |
| AWACS    | Airborne Warning and Control System      |
| AWCP     | Army Weight Control Program              |
| AWOL     | absent without leave                     |
| AXP      | *ambulance exchange point                |

## B

| BAE                                  | brigade aviation element                  |
|--------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|
| BAH                                  | basic allowance for housing               |
| BAS                                  | basic allowance for subsistence           |
| BCS3                                 | Battle Command Sustainment Support System |
| BCD                                  | *battlefield coordination detachment      |
| BCOC                                 | *base cluster operations center           |
| BCT                                  | *brigade combat team                      |
| BDA                                  | *battle damage assessment                 |
| BDOC *base defense operations center |                                           |
| BEI                                  | *biometrics enabled intelligence          |
| BFSB   | battlefield surveillance brigade   |
|--------|------------------------------------|
| BFT    | blue force tracking                |
| BHA    | bomb hit assessment                |

BHL
*battle handover line
BHO
battle handover
BI
*battle injury
BKB
*blue kill box
BLOS
beyond line-of-sight
BM
*battle management
BMCT *begin morning civil twilight BMNT *begin morning nautical twilight BN
battalion
BNML battalion military liaison
BP
battle position
BSA
*brigade support area
BSB
brigade support battalion
BZ
*buffer zone
C

| C2                                 | *command and control                           |
|------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------|
| CA                                 | *civil administration, *civil affairs, *combat |
| assessment, *coordinating altitude |                                                |
| CAAF                               | *contractors authorized to accompany the force |
| CAB                                | combined arms battalion, combat aviation       |
| brigade                            |                                                |
| CAC                                | Combined Arms Center                           |
| , common access card               |                                                |
| CADD                               | Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate             |
|                                               |                                                   | CAIS           | *civil authority information support   |
|-----------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|----------------|----------------------------------------|
| CAO                                           | casualty                                          | assistance     | officer                                |
| ,                                             | civil                                             | affairs        |                                        |
| operations                                    |                                                   |                |                                        |
| CAISI                                         | Combat                                            | Service        | Support                                |
| Information Systems Interface                 |                                                   |                |                                        |
| CAL                                           | *critical asset list                              |                |                                        |
| CALL                                          | Center for Army Lessons Learned                   |                |                                        |
| CAP                                           | *crisis action planning, *civil augmentation      |                |                                        |
| program                                       |                                                   |                |                                        |
| CAPT                                          | civil affairs planning team                       |                |                                        |
| CARVER                                        | criticality,                                      | accessibility, | recuperability,                        |
| vulnerability, effect, and recognizability [a |                                                   |                |                                        |
| target assessment technique]                  |                                                   |                |                                        |
| CAS                                           | close air support                                 |                |                                        |
| CASA                                          |                                                   |                |                                        |
| *civil affairs supported activities           |                                                   |                |                                        |
| CASEVAC                                       | *casualty evacuation                              |                |                                        |
| CAT                                           | category, civil affairs team                      |                |                                        |
| CATS                                          | Combined Arms Training Strategy                   |                |                                        |
| CBRN                                          | chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear   |                |                                        |
| CBRNE                                         | *chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and |                |                                        |
| explosives                                    |                                                   |                |                                        |
| CCA                                           | *civil affairs activities                         |                |                                        |
| CCD                                           | charged-coupled device                            |                |                                        |
| CCDR                                          | combatant commander                               |                |                                        |
| CCIR                                          | commander's critical information requirement      |                |                                        |
| CCMD                                          | *combatant command                                |                |                                        |
| CCO                                           | *container control officer                        |                |                                        |
| CCP                                           | casualty collection point                         |                |                                        |
| CD                                            | chaplain detachment                               |                |                                        |
| CDC                                                    | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention        |
|--------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| CDE                                                    | collateral damage estimation                      |
| CDRUSSOCOM Commander, United States Special Operations |                                                   |
| Command                                                |                                                   |
| CE                                                     | *civil engagement                                 |
| CED                                                    | captured enemy document                           |
| *CEMA                                                  | cyberspace electromagnetic activities             |
| CERFP                                                  | chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and  |
| high-yield explosives enhanced response force          |                                                   |
| package                                                |                                                   |
| CERP                                                   | Commanders' Emergency Response Program            |
| CF                                                     | *conventional forces                              |
| CFL                                                    | *coordinated fire line                            |
| CFR                                                    | Code of Federal Regulations                       |
| CFZ                                                    | critical friendly zone                            |
| CGS                                                    | common ground station                             |
| Chem                                                   | chemical                                          |
| CI                                                     | *counterintelligence                              |
| CIA                                                    | Central Intelligence Agency                       |
| CID                                                    | *combat identification,                           |
| criminal investigation                                 |                                                   |
| division                                               |                                                   |
| CIM                                                    | *civil information management                     |
| CIO                                                    | chief information officer                         |
| CIP                                                    | *critical infrastructure protection               |
| CJA                                                    | command judge advocate                            |
| CJCS                                                   | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff             |
| CJCSI                                                  | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction |
| CJCSM                                                  | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual      |
| CJSOTF                     | combined joint special operations task force   |
|----------------------------|------------------------------------------------|
| CJTF                       | combined joint task force (NATO)               |
| CL                         | *coordination level                            |
| CLT                        | *civil liaison team,                           |
| casualty liaison team      |                                                |
| CLS                        | combat lifesaver                               |
| CM                         |                                                |
| consequence management     |                                                |
| , *cruise missile          |                                                |
| CMD                        | *command                                       |
| CME                        |                                                |
| *civil-military engagement |                                                |
| CMO                        | civil-military operations                      |
| CMOC                       | *civil-military operations center              |
| CMSE                       | *civil-military support element                |
| CO                         | commanding officer, cyberspace operations      |
| COA                        | *course of action                              |
| COCOM                      | *combatant command (command authority)         |
| COG                        | *center of gravity                             |
| COIC                       | current operations integration cell            |
| COIN                       | *counterinsurgency                             |
| COLPRO                     | *collective protection                         |
| COM                        | *chief                                         |
| management                 |                                                |
| COMCAM                     | *combat camera                                 |
| COMINT                     | *communications intelligence                   |
| COMNET                     | communications network                         |
| COMSEC                     | *communications security                       |
| CONOPS                     | concept of operations                          |
| CONPLAN                    | *concept plan                                  |
| CONUS                      | continental United States                      |
| COOP                      | continuity of operations                      |
|---------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| COP                       | *common operational picture                   |
| COR                       | *contracting officer representative           |
| COS                       | chief of staff                                |
| COSC                      | combat and operational stress control         |
| COTS                      | commercial off-the-shelf                      |
| CP                        | *checkpoint, *command post, *contact point,   |
| *counterproliferation     |                                               |
| CR                        | *civil reconnaissance, *curve resistance      |
| CRAF                      | *Civil Reserve Air Fleet                      |
| CRC                       | control and reporting center                  |
| CRSP                      | centralized receiving and shipping point      |
| CREW                      | counter radio-controlled improvised explosive |
| device electronic warfare |                                               |
| CRM                       | collection requirements management            |
| CS                        | *civil support, *call sign                    |
| CSAR                      | *combat search and rescue                     |
| CSC                       | convoy support center                         |
| CSM                       | command sergeant major                        |
| CSPO                      | *contracting support operations               |
| CSR                       | *controlled supply rate                       |
| CSSB                      | combat sustainment support battalion          |
| CT                        | *counterterrorism                             |
| CTE                       | *continuous tractive effort                   |
| CTP                       | *common tactical picture                      |
| CWT                       | *customer wait time                           |
| CUL                       | *common user logistics                        |
| CULT   | *common-user land transportation        |
|--------|-----------------------------------------|
| CW     | *chemical warfare                       |
| CWMD   | *countering weapons of mass destruction |

## D

|                         |                                                     |            |             | D3A       | decide, detect, deliver, and assess   |
|-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|------------|-------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|
| D3SOE                   | *denied,                                            | degraded,  | or          | disrupted | space                                 |
| operational environment |                                                     |            |             |           |                                       |
| DA                      | Department of the Army                              |            |             |           |                                       |
| DAADC                   | deputy area air defense commander                   |            |             |           |                                       |
| DAFL                    | *directive authority for logistics                  |            |             |           |                                       |
| DAL                     | *defended asset list                                |            |             |           |                                       |
| DA Pam                  | Department of the Army pamphlet                     |            |             |           |                                       |
| DART                    | disaster assistance response team                   |            |             |           |                                       |
| DASC                    | *direct air support center                          |            |             |           |                                       |
| DATT                    | defense attache                                     |            |             |           |                                       |
| DBP                     | *drawbar pull                                       |            |             |           |                                       |
| DC                      | *dislocated civilian                                |            |             |           |                                       |
| DCA                     | *defensive counterair                               |            |             |           |                                       |
| DCE                     | *defense coordinating element                       |            |             |           |                                       |
| DCGS                    | distributed common ground/surface system            |            |             |           |                                       |
| DCGS-A                  | Distributed Common Ground SystemArmy               |            |             |           |                                       |
| DCO                     | *defensive                                          | cyberspace | operations, | *defense  |                                       |
| coordinating officer    |                                                     |            |             |           |                                       |
| DCO-IDM                 | *defensive cyberspace operations-internal defensive |            |             |           |                                       |
| measures                |                                                     |            |             |           |                                       |
| DCO-RA                  | *defensive cyberspace operation response action     |            |             |           |                                       |
| DD                                                  | Department of Defense form                      |
|-----------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
| DE                                                  | *directed energy                                |
| DEERS                                               | Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System |
| DEPMEDS                                             | deployable medical systems                      |
| DFAC                                                | dining facility                                 |
| DFAS                                                | Defense Finance and Accounting Service          |
| DHHS                                                | Department of Health and Human Services         |
| DHS                                                 | Department of Homeland Security                 |
| DIA                                                 | Defense Intelligence Agency                     |
| DIB                                                 | *defense industrial base                        |
| DIRLAUTH *direct liaison authorized                 |                                                 |
| DISA                                                | Defense Information Systems Agency              |
| DISN                                                | *Defense Information Systems Network            |
| DLIC                                                | *detachment left in contact                     |
| DMC                                                 | distribution management center                  |
| DNA                                                 | deoxyribonucleic acid                           |
| DNBI                                                | *disease and nonbattle injury                   |
| DNI                                                 | Director of National Intelligence               |
| DOD                                                 | Department of Defense                           |
| DODD                                                | Department of Defense directive                 |
| DODIN-A                                             |                                                 |
| *Department of Defense information network-         |                                                 |
| Army                                                |                                                 |
| DOR                                                 | date of rank                                    |
| DOS                                                 | Department of State                             |
| DOT                                                 | Department of Transportation                    |
| DOTMLPF                                             | doctrine,                                       |
| leadership and education, personnel, and facilities |                                                 |
| [the force development domains]                     |                                                 |
| DPICM   | dual-purpose improved conventional munitions   |
|---------|------------------------------------------------|
| DRSN    | Defense Red Switched Network                   |
| DS      | *direct support                                |
| DSCA    | *defense support of civil authorities          |
| DSM     | *decision support matrix                       |
| DST     | *decision support template                     |
| DT      | dynamic targeting                              |
| DTG     | date-time group                                |
| DTMS    | Digital Training Management System             |
| DTS     | *Defense Transportation System                 |
| DSC     | *defensive space control                       |
| DSN     | Defense Switched Network                       |
| DVA     | Department of Veterans Affairs                 |
| DZ      | *drop zone                                     |

## E

EA
*engagement area, *electronic attack, *executive
agent
EAB
echelons above brigade
EAD
*earliest arrival date
EAP
emergency action plan
EC
*enemy combatant
ECC
expeditionary contracting command
ECL
electrochemiluminescence
ECU
environmental control unit
EDT
*end delivery tonnage
EECT
*end evening civil twilight
| EEFI                                     | *essential element of friendly information      |
|------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
| EENT                                     | *end of evening nautical twilight               |
| EEO                                      | equal employment opportunity                    |
| ELINT                                    | *electronic intelligence                        |
| EMAC                                     | emergency management assistance compact         |
| EMC                                      | *electromagnetic compatibility                  |
| EMCON                                    | *emission control                               |
| EME                                      | *electromagnetic environment                    |
| EMI                                      | *electromagnetic interference                   |
| EMOE                                     | *electromagnetic operational environment        |
| EMP                                      | *electromagnetic pulse                          |
| EMS                                      | electromagnetic spectrum                        |
| EMSO                                     | electromagnetic spectrum operations             |
| EO                                       | electro-optical,                                |
| equal opportunity                        |                                                 |
| EOC                                      | *emergency operations center                    |
| EOD                                      | *explosive ordnance disposal                    |
| EO-IR                                    |                                                 |
| CM                                       |                                                 |
| *electro-optical-infrared countermeasure |                                                 |
| EP                                       | *electronic protection                          |
| EPA                                      | *evasion plan of action                         |
| EPLO                                     | *emergency preparedness liaison officer         |
| EPLRS                                    | enhanced position location and reporting system |
| EPW                                      | enemy prisoner of war                           |
| ERP                                      | *engineer regulating point                      |
| ES                                       | *electronic warfare support                     |
| ESB                                      | expeditionary signal battalion                  |
| ESC                                      | expeditionary sustainment command               |
| ESF   | *emergency support function         |
|-------|-------------------------------------|
| EW    | *early warning, *electronic warfare |
| EXORD | execute order                       |

## F

| 1SG    | first sergeant                                       |
|--------|------------------------------------------------------|
| F3EAD  | find, fix, finish, exploit, analyze, and disseminate |
| FA     | *field artillery                                     |
| FAA    | Federal Aviation Administration (DOT)                |
| FAAD   | forward area air defense                             |
| FAC    | *forward air controller                              |
| FAC(A) | *forward air controller (airborne)                   |
| FAH    | final attack heading                                 |
| FARP   | *forward arming and refueling point                  |
| FBCB2  | Force XXI Battle Command, brigade and below          |
| FBI    | Federal Bureau of Investigation (DOJ)                |
| FCL    | *final coordination line                             |
| FDC    | *fire direction center                               |
| FDO    | *flexibility deterrent option                        |
| FEBA   | *forward edge of the battle area                     |
| FEI    | *forensic-enabled intelligence                       |
| FEMA   | Federal Emergency Management Agency                  |
| FEZ    | *fighter engagement zone                             |
| FFA    | *free fire area                                      |
| FFIR   | *friendly force information requirement              |
| FFT    | *friendly force tracking                             |
| FHA                                       | *foreign humanitarian assistance              |
|-------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| FHP                                       | *force health protection                      |
| FID                                       | *foreign internal defense                     |
| FISINT                                    | *foreign instrumentation signals intelligence |
| FIST                                      | *fire support team                            |
| FLE                                       | *forward logistics element                    |
| FLIR                                      | *forward looking infrared                     |
| FLOT                                      | *forward line of own troops                   |
| FM                                        | field manual, frequency modulation            |
| FMC                                       | financial management center, field medical    |
| card, full mission-capable                |                                               |
| FMI                                       | field manual-interim                          |
| FMT                                       | field maintenance team                        |
| FMS                                       | *foreign military sales                       |
| FOB                                       | forward operating base                        |
| FO                                        | *forward observer                             |
| FOO                                       | field ordering officer                        |
| FORSCOM United States Army Forces Command |                                               |
| FOS                                       | *forward operating site                       |
| FP                                        | *force protection                             |
| FPCON                                     | *force protection condition                   |
| FPF                                       | *final protective fire                        |
| FPL                                       | *final protective line                        |
| FRAGORD *fragmentary order                |                                               |
| FS                                        | fire support                                  |
| FSA                                       | *fire support area                            |
| FSC                                       | forward support company                       |
| FSCC                              | *fire support coordination center                  |
|-----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|
| FSCL                              | *fire support coordination line                    |
| FSCM                              | *fire support coordination measure                 |
| FSCOORD fire support coordinator  |                                                    |
| FSO                               | fire support officer                               |
| FSS                               | *fire support station                              |
| FTX                               | field training exercise                            |
| G                               |                                                    |
| G-1                               | assistant chief of staff, personnel                |
| G-2                               | assistant chief of staff, intelligence             |
| G-2X                              | counterintelligence and human intelligence staff   |
| officer for a general staff       |                                                    |
| G-3                               | assistant chief of staff, operations               |
| G-4                               | assistant chief of staff, logistics                |
| G-5                               | assistant chief of staff, plans                    |
| G-6                               | assistant chief of staff, signal                   |
| G-8                               | assistant chief of staff, financial management     |
| G-9                               | assistant chief of staff, civil affairs operations |
| GARS                              | Global Area Reference System                       |
| GBI                               | *ground-based interceptor                          |
| GBMD                              | *global ballistic missile defense                  |
| GCC                               | geographic combatant commander                     |
| GCSS-A                            | Global Command and Control System-Army             |
| GCSS                             |                                                    |
| Army                              |                                                    |
| Global Combat Support SystemArmy |                                                    |
| GE                                | *general engineering                               |
| GEOINT               | *geospatial intelligence                         |
|----------------------|--------------------------------------------------|
| GFM                  | *global force management                         |
| GIG                  | Global Information Grid                          |
| GI&S                 | *geospatial information and services             |
| GMD                  | *ground based midcourse defense                  |
| GMTI                 | ground moving target indicator                   |
| GP                   | general purpose                                  |
| GPS                  | *Global Positioning System                       |
| GPW                  | Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of   |
| Prisoners of War     |                                                  |
| GR                   | *grade resistance                                |
| GS                   | *general support                                 |
| GSB                  | group support battalion                          |
| GSR                  | general support-reinforcing                      |
| GSSC                 | global satellite communications (SATCOM) support |
| center               |                                                  |
| GTL                  |                                                  |
| *gross trailing load |                                                  |
| , *gun-target line   |                                                  |

## H

| HA                         | humanitarian assistance                      |
|----------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
| HACC                       | *humanitarian assistance coordination center |
| HARM                       | high-speed antiradiation missile             |
| HAZMAT hazardous materials |                                              |
| HCA                        | *humanitarian and civic assistance           |
| HCT                        | human intelligence (HUMINT) collection team  |
| HD                         | *homeland defense                            |
| HE                         | high explosive                               |
| HEI                                              | high explosives incendiary              |
|--------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|
| HEMTT                                            | heavy expanded mobile tactical truck    |
| HF                                               | high frequency                          |
| HHC                                              | headquarters and headquarters company   |
| HLZ                                              | helicopter landing zone                 |
| HM                                               | hazardous material                      |
| HMMWV high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle |                                         |
| HN                                               | *host nation                            |
| HNS                                              | *host nation support                    |
| HOC                                              | *humanitarian operations center         |
| HPT                                              | *high-payoff target                     |
| HPTL                                             | high-payoff target list                 |
| HR                                               | human resources                         |
| HRF                                              | homeland response force                 |
| HRP                                              | *high risk personnel                    |
| HQ                                               | headquarters                            |
| HQDA                                             | Headquarters, Department of the Army    |
| HRSC                                             | human resources sustainment center      |
| HS                                               | *homeland security                      |
| HSS                                              | *health service support                 |
| HUMINT *human intelligence                       |                                         |
| HVAA                                             | *high value airborne asset (protection) |
| HVI                                              | high-value individual                   |
| HVT                                              | *high value target                      |
| HW                                               | *hazardous waste                        |
| IAA               | *incident awareness and assessment             |
|-------------------|------------------------------------------------|
| IAMD              | *integrated air and missile defense            |
| IAW               | in accordance with                             |
| IBCT              | infantry brigade combat team                   |
| IBS               | integrated broadband system                    |
| IC                | *intelligence community                        |
| ICO               | installation contracting office                |
| ICRC              | International Committee of the Red Cross       |
| ICS               | *incident command system                       |
| ID                | infantry division                              |
| , *identification |                                                |
| IDAD              | *internal defense and development              |
| IDN               | initial distribution number                    |
| IDP               | *internally displaced person                   |
| IE                | information engagement                         |
| IED               | *improvised explosive device                   |
| IEM               | installation emergency management              |
| IFF               | identification, friend or foe                  |
| IGO               | *intergovernmental organization                |
| IMCOM             | United States Army Installation Management     |
| Command           |                                                |
| IMET              | *international military education and training |
| IMINT             | *imagery intelligence                          |
| IMT               | initial military training                      |
| INSCOM United     | States                                         |
| Command           |                                                |
| IO                | *information operations                        |
| IP                | initial position                               |
IPB
*intelligence
preparation
of
the
battlefield,
*intelligence preparation of the battlespace
IPDS
*inland petroleum distribution system
IPE
*individual protective equipment
IPERMS
Interactive
Personnel
Electronic
Records
Management System
IPFU
individual physical fitness uniform
IPI
*indigenous populations and institutions
IPOE
intelligence
preparation
of
the
operational
environment
IR
*information requirements, infrared
IRC
internet relay chat, *information-related capability
IRR
Individual Ready Reserve
ISB
*intermediate staging base
ISOPREP *isolated personnel report ISR
*intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
ITO
installation transportation officer
ITV
*in transit visibility
IW
*irregular warfare

## J

| J-2   | intelligence directorate of a joint staff          |
|-------|----------------------------------------------------|
| J-3   | operations directorate of a joint staff            |
| J-4   | logistics directorate of a joint staff             |
| J-5   | plans directorate of a joint staff                 |
| J-6   | communications system directorate of a joint staff |
| JAAT  | *joint air attack team                             |
| JACCE                      | *joint air component coordination element            |
|----------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| JAG                        | judge advocate general                               |
| JAGIC                      | *joint air-ground integration center                 |
| JAOC                       | *joint air operations center                         |
| JCET                       | *joint combined exchange training                    |
| JCMOTF                     | *joint civil-military operations task force          |
| JCS                        | Joint Chiefs of Staff                                |
| JDAM                       | Joint Direct Attack Munition                         |
| JDDE                       | *joint deployment and distribution enterprise        |
| JDDOC                      | *joint deployment and distribution operations center |
| JEMSMO                     | *joint                                               |
| operations                 |                                                      |
| JEZ                        | *joint engagement zone                               |
| JFACC                      | *joint force air component commander                 |
| JFC                        | *joint force commander                               |
| JFCC-                      |                                                      |
| IMD                        |                                                      |
| Joint                      | Functional                                           |
| Integrated Missile Defense |                                                      |
| JFE                        | *joint fires element                                 |
| JFLCC                      | *joint force land component commander                |
| JFMCC                      | *joint force maritime component commander            |
| JFO                        | *joint field office, joint fires observer            |
| JFSOCC                     | *joint                                               |
| commander                  |                                                      |
| JIACG                      | *joint interagency coordination group                |
| JIC                        | joint information center                             |
| JIIM                       | joint,                                               |
| multinational              |                                                      |
| JIPOE       | *joint intelligence preparation of the operational   |
|-------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| environment |                                                      |
| JIPTL       | *joint integrated prioritized target list            |
| JLOTS       | *joint logistics over the shore                      |
| JOA         | *joint operations area                               |
| JOC         | joint operations center                              |
| JOPES       | Joint Operation Planning and Execution System        |
| JOPP        | *joint operation planning process                    |
| JP          | joint publication                                    |
| JPRC        | *joint personnel recovery center                     |
| JRSOI       | *joint reception, staging, onward movement, and      |
| integration |                                                      |
| JSCP        | Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan                    |
| JSOA        | *joint special operations area                       |
| JSOACC      | *joint special operations air component commander    |
| JSOTF       | *joint special operations task force                 |
| JSTARS      | Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System        |
| JTAC        | *joint terminal attack controller                    |
| JTCB        | *joint targeting coordination board                  |
| JTF         | *joint task force                                    |
| JTIDS       | Joint Tactical Information Distribution System       |
| JTT         | joint tactical terminal                              |
| JWICS       | Joint                                                |
| System      |                                                      |

K

## Kbc *Kill Box Coordinator Kia Killed In Action L

| LAD                        | *latest arrival date    |
|----------------------------|-------------------------|
| LAN                        | local area network      |
| LGB                        | laser-guided bomb       |
| LD                         | *line of departure      |
| LNO                        | liaison officer         |
| LOA                        | *limit of advance       |
| , *letter of authorization |                         |
| LOC                        | *line of communications |
| LOE                        | *line of effort         |

LOGCAP logistics civil augmentation program

## Logpac *Logistics Package

| LOGSA   | logistics support activity          |
|---------|-------------------------------------|
| LOO     | *line of operation                  |
| LOS     | line of sight                       |
| LOTS    | *logistics over-the-shore           |
| LTIOV   | latest time information is of value |
| LZ      | *landing zone                       |

## M

| MA    | *mortuary affairs                      |
|-------|----------------------------------------|
| MACCS | *Marine air command and control system |
| MAGTF | Marine air-ground task force           |
| MAP   | *Military Assistance Program           |
| MARO                                      | *mass atrocity response operations              |
|-------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
| MASCAL                                    | *mass casualty                                  |
| MASINT                                    | *measurement and signature intelligence         |
| MBA                                       | *main battle area                               |
| MCA                                       | *military civic action                          |
| MCOO                                      | *modified combined obstacle overlay             |
| MCPP                                      | Marine Corps Planning Process (Marine Corps)    |
| MCRP                                      | Marine Corps reference publication              |
| MCS                                       | maneuver control system                         |
| MCT                                       | *movement control team                          |
| MCWP                                      | Marine Corps warfighting publication            |
| MDMP                                      | *military decisionmaking process                |
| MEB                                       | maneuver enhancement brigade                    |
| MEDEVAC medical evacuation                |                                                 |
| MEF                                       | Marine expeditionary force                      |
| MET                                       | mission-essential task                          |
| METL                                      | *mission-essential task list                    |
| METT-T                                    | mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and |
| support available-time available          |                                                 |
| METT-TC                                   | mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and |
| support                                   | available,                                      |
| considerations [mission variables] (Army) |                                                 |
| MEZ                                       | *missile engagement zone                        |
| MGO                                       | *military government operations                 |
| MGRS                                      | military grid reference system                  |
| MHE                                       | materials handling equipment                    |
| MHQ                                       | *music headquarters                             |
| MI                                        | military intelligence                           |
| MIA     | missing in action                             |
|---------|-----------------------------------------------|
| MIDS    | Multifunction Information Distribution System |
| MILCON  | military construction                         |
| MILDEC  | *military deception                           |
| MIL-STD | military standard                             |
| MIS     | military information support                  |
| MISG    | military information support group            |
| MISO    | *military information support operations      |
| MISOC   | military                                      |
| command |                                               |
| MLC     | military load classification                  |
| MLRS    | multiple launch rocket system                 |
| MMT     | military mail terminal                        |
| MNL     | *multinational logistics                      |
| MOA     | memorandum of agreement                       |
| MOB     | *mobilization                                 |
| MOE     | *measure of effectiveness                     |
| MOP     | *measure of performance                       |
| MOPP    | *mission oriented protective posture          |
| MOS     | military occupational specialty               |
| MOU     | memorandum of understanding                   |
| MP      | military police                               |
| MPA     | Military Personnel, Army                      |
| MPD     | *music performance detachment                 |
| MPT     | *music performance team                       |
| MPU     | *music performance unit                       |
| MRE     | meal, ready to eat                            |
| MRL        | multiple rocket launcher                     |
|------------|----------------------------------------------|
| MSC        | *Military Sealift Command                    |
| MSE        | mobile subscriber equipment                  |
| MSF        | *mobile security force                       |
| MSI        | *multispectral imagery                       |
| MSL        | mean sea level                               |
| MSR        | *main supply route                           |
| MST        | maintenance support team                     |
| MTF        | medical treatment facility                   |
| MTOE       | modified table of organization and equipment |
| MTON       | *measurement ton                             |
| MTS        | Movement Tracking System                     |
| MTT        | *mobile training team                        |
| MTTP       | multi-Service                                |
| procedures |                                              |
| MUM-T      | *manned unmanned teaming                     |
| MWR        | morale, welfare, and recreation              |
| N        |                                              |
| NAI        | *named area of interest                      |
| NAR        | *nonconventional assisted recovery           |
| NARP       | Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures  |
| NATO       | North Atlantic Treaty Organization           |
| NBC        | nuclear, biological, and chemical            |
| NCO        | noncommissioned officer                      |
| NCOIC      | noncommissioned officer in charge            |
| NDRC       | *National Detainee Reporting Center          |
| NDS                                                | *national defense strategy               |
|----------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| NDT                                                | Net-division tonnage                     |
| NEC                                                | *network enterprise center               |
| NEO                                                | *noncombatant evacuation operations      |
| NFA                                                | no-fire area                             |
| NGA                                                | National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency  |
| NGIC                                               | National Ground Intelligence Center      |
| NGO                                                | *nongovernmental organization            |
| NIMS                                               | *National Incident Management System     |
| NIPRNET Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router Network |                                          |
| NIST                                               | national intelligence support team       |
| NLT                                                | not later than                           |
| NMS                                                | *national military strategy              |
| NORAD                                              | North American Aerospace Defense Command |
| NRF                                                | National Response Framework              |
| NSA                                                | National Security Agency                 |
| NSC                                                | National Security Council                |
| NSFS                                               | *naval surface fire support              |
| NSL                                                | *no strike list                          |
| NSN                                                | national stock number                    |
| NSS                                                | *national security strategy              |
| NSSE                                               | *national special security event         |
| NTC                                                | National Training Center                 |
| NTL                                                |                                          |
| *net trainload                                     |                                          |
| NTTP                                               |                                          |
| Navy tactics, techniques, and procedures           |                                          |
| NVD                                                | *night vision device                     |
| NVG                                                | *night vision goggle or goggles          |
| NWDC   | Navy Warfare Development Command   |
|--------|------------------------------------|
| NWP    | Navy warfare publication           |

## O

| O&M                                             | operation and maintenance                       |
|-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
| OA                                              | *objective area, *operational area              |
| OAKOC                                           | observation and fields of fire, avenues of      |
| approach, key terrain, obstacles, and cover     |                                                 |
| and concealment [military aspects of terrain]   |                                                 |
| OB                                              | *order of battle                                |
| OCA                                             | *offensive counterair                           |
| OCO                                             | *offensive cyberspace operations                |
| OCONUS                                          | outside the continental United States           |
| OCS                                             | *offensive space control, *operational contract |
| support                                         |                                                 |
| OE                                              | *operational environment                        |
| OGA                                             | other government agency                         |
| OHDACA                                          | Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid  |
| OIC                                             | officer in charge                               |
| OMA                                             | Operations and Maintenance, Army                |
| OP                                              | observation post                                |
| OPCON                                           | *operational control                            |
| OPDS                                            | *offshore petroleum discharge system            |
| OPE                                             | *operational preparation of the environment     |
| OPIR                                            | *overhead persistent infrared                   |
| OPLAN                                           | *operation plan                                 |
| OPNAVINST Chief of Naval Operations instruction |                                                 |
| OPORD          | *operation order                         |
|----------------|------------------------------------------|
| OPSEC          | *operations security                     |
| OPTEMPO        | operating tempo                          |
| ORSA           | operations research and systems analysis |
| OSC            | *on-scene commander                      |
| OSD            | Office of the Secretary of Defense       |
| OSHA           | Occupational                             |
| Administration |                                          |
| OSINT          | *open source intelligence                |
| OSUT           | one station unit training                |

## P

| PA                       | *public affairs,                  |
|--------------------------|-----------------------------------|
| personnel accountability |                                   |
| PAA                      | *position area for artillery      |
| PAO                      | public affairs officer            |
| PB                       | *peace building                   |
| PBO                      | property book officer             |
| PCC                      | precombat check                   |
| PCI                      | precombat inspection              |
| PCS                      | permanent change of station       |
| PDSS                     | predeployment site survey         |
| PE                       | *preparation of the environment   |
| PFC                      | private first class               |
| PGM                      | *precision-guided munition        |
| PHIBOP                   | *amphibious operation             |
| PID                      | positive identification           |
| PIR                      | priority intelligence requirement |
| PKI                                           | *public key infrastructure                 |
|-----------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------|
| PL                                            | phase line                                 |
| PLB                                           | *personal locator beacon                   |
| PLD                                           | *probable line of deployment               |
| PLT                                           | platoon                                    |
| PM                                            | project manager                            |
| PMCS                                          | preventive maintenance checks and services |
| PMESII-                                       |                                            |
| PT                                            |                                            |
| political,                                    | military,                                  |
| information,                                  | infrastructure,                            |
| environment, and time [operational variables] |                                            |
| PN                                            | *partner nation                            |
| PO                                            |                                            |
| psychological objective                       |                                            |
| , *peace operations                           |                                            |
| POC                                           | point of contact                           |
| POD                                           | *port of debarkation                       |
| POE                                           | *port of embarkation                       |
| POL                                           | petroleum, oils, and lubricants            |
| POW                                           | *prisoner of war                           |
| PPD                                           | purified protein derivative                |
| PPE                                           | *personal protective equipment             |
| PPO                                           | project purchasing officer                 |
| PR                                            | personnel recovery                         |
| PRCC                                          | *personnel recovery coordination cell      |
| proword                                       | *procedure word                            |
| PRT                                           | provincial reconstruction team             |
| PSA                                           | *port support activity                     |
| PVNTMED preventive medicine                   |                                            |
| PWS                                           | *performance work statement                |
| PZ                                            | pickup zone                                |

## Q

QA quality assurance QC quality control QRF quick reaction force

## R R Reinforcing

R&S
reconnaissance and surveillance

| RADC                                         | *regional air defense commander                   |
|----------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| RC                                           | Reserve Component                                 |
| RCA                                          | *riot control agent                               |
| RCC                                          | *rescue coordination center                       |
| RCT                                          | regimental combat team                            |
| RDD                                          | *radiological dispersal device,*required delivery |
| date                                         |                                                   |
| RDSP                                         | rapid                                             |
| process                                      |                                                   |
| RED                                          | *radiological exposure device                     |
| RECON                                        | *reconnaissance                                   |
| RED                                          |                                                   |
| HORSE                                        |                                                   |
| *Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational |                                                   |
| Repair Squadron Engineer                     |                                                   |
| RESCAP                                       | *rescue combat air patrol                         |
| RF                                           | radio frequency                                   |
| RFA                                          | request for assistance, *restrictive fire area    |
| RF CM                                        | *radio frequency countermeasures                  |
| RFF                 | request for forces                      |
|---------------------|-----------------------------------------|
| RFI                 | *request for information                |
| RFL                 | restrictive fire line                   |
| RLD                 | *ready-to-load date                     |
| RM                  | risk management                         |
| ROE                 | *rules of engagement                    |
| ROZ                 | *restricted operations zone             |
| RP                  |                                         |
| *release            | point,                                  |
| red                 | phosphorus,                             |
|                     | *retained                               |
| personnel           |                                         |
| RPG                 | rocket propelled grenade                |
| RR                  | *reattack recommendation,               |
| *rolling resistance |                                         |
| RS                  | religious support                       |
| RSO                 | reception, staging, and onward movement |
| RSOI                | reception,                              |
| integration         |                                         |
| RTL                 | *restricted target list                 |
| RUF                 | rules for the use of force              |

## S

| S-1                              | battalion or brigade personnel staff officer    |
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
| S-2                              | battalion or brigade intelligence staff officer |
| S-2X                             | battalion or brigade counterintelligence and    |
| human intelligence staff officer |                                                 |
| S-3                              | battalion or brigade operations staff officer   |
| S-4                              | battalion or brigade logistics staff officer    |
| S-5                              | battalion or brigade plans staff officer        |
| S-6                              | battalion or brigade signal staff officer       |

## S-9 Battalion Or Brigade Civil Affairs Operations Staff Officer

| SA                 | *security                                       | assistance,    | situational    | awareness,   |
|--------------------|-------------------------------------------------|----------------|----------------|--------------|
| *staging area      |                                                 |                |                |              |
| SAA                | satellite access authorization                  |                |                |              |
| , *senior airfield |                                                 |                |                |              |
| authority          |                                                 |                |                |              |
| SACC               | *supporting arms coordination center            |                |                |              |
| SADC               | *sector air defense commander                   |                |                |              |
| SALT               | size, activity, location, time                  |                |                |              |
| SALUTE             | size,                                           | activity,      | location,      | unit,        |
| equipment          |                                                 |                |                |              |
| SAM                | surface-to-air missile                          |                |                |              |
| SAMS-E             | standard Army maintenance system-enhanced       |                |                |              |
| SAR                | *search and rescue, synthetic aperture radar    |                |                |              |
| SARDOT             | *search and rescue point                        |                |                |              |
| SARSS              | Standard Army Retail Supply System              |                |                |              |
| SATCOM             | satellite communications                        |                |                |              |
| S&TI               | *scientific and technical intelligence          |                |                |              |
| SB                 | (SO)                                            |                |                |              |
| (A)                |                                                 |                |                |              |
| sustainment        | brigade                                         | (special       | operations)    |              |
| (airborne)         |                                                 |                |                |              |
| SBCT               | Stryker brigade combat team                     |                |                |              |
| SC                 | *security cooperation, *strategic communication |                |                |              |
| SCA                | *space coordinating authority                   |                |                |              |
| SCAR               | *strike coordination and reconnaissance         |                |                |              |
| SCI                | sensitive compartmented information             |                |                |              |
| SCO                | *security cooperation organization              |                |                |              |
| SDDC               | Surface Deployment and Distribution Command     |                |                |              |
| SE                 | *site exploitation                              |                |                |              |
| SEAD     | *suppression of enemy air defenses              |
|----------|-------------------------------------------------|
| SecDef   | Secretary of Defense                            |
| SERE     | survival, evasion, resistance, and escape       |
| SF       | *special forces                                 |
| SFA      | security force assistance                       |
| SGT      | sergeant                                        |
| SGM      | sergeant major                                  |
| SHF      | super-high frequency                            |
| SIF      | selective identification feature                |
| SIGACT   | significant activity                            |
| SIGINT   | *signals intelligence                           |
| SINCGARS | single-channel ground and airborne radio system |
| SIPRNET  | *SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network        |
| SIR      | specific information requirement                |
| SITREP   | *situation report                               |
| SJA      | staff judge advocate                            |
| SJOA     | *space joint operating area                     |
| SME      | subject matter expert                           |
| SMO      | *Spectrum Management Operations                 |
| SO       | *special operations                             |
| SOCCE    | *special operations command and control element |
| SOF      | *special operations forces                      |
| SOFA     | *status-of-forces agreement                     |
| SOI      | signal operating instructions                   |
| SOJTF    | *special operations joint task force            |
| SOLE     | *special operations liaison element             |
| SOP      | *standard operating procedure                   |
| SOR                                           | statement of requirement                       |
|-----------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------|
| SP                                            | *start point                                   |
| SPINS                                         | special instructions                           |
| SPM                                           | *single port manager                           |
| SPO                                           | support operations                             |
| SPOD                                          | seaport of debarkation                         |
| SPOE                                          | seaport of embarkation                         |
| SPOTREP                                       | *spot report                                   |
| SR                                            | *special reconnaissance                        |
| SROE                                          | standing rules of engagement                   |
| SRP                                           | Soldier readiness processing                   |
| SRUF                                          | *standing rules for the use of force           |
| SSA                                           | *supply support activity                       |
| SSR                                           | *security sector reform                        |
| STANAG                                        | standardization agreement                      |
| STB                                           | special troops battalion                       |
| STE                                           | secure telephone equipment, *starting tractive |
| effort                                        |                                                |
| STT                                           |                                                |
| STR                                           |                                                |
| *special tactics team                         |                                                |
| *support to resistance                        |                                                |
| SWEAT-                                        |                                                |
| MSO                                           |                                                |
| sewage, water, electricity, academics, trash, |                                                |
| medical, safety, other considerations         |                                                |
| SWO                                           | staff weather officer                          |
| T                                           |                                                |
| TA                                            | *target                                        |
| assessment                                    |                                                |
| TAA                                           | *tactical assembly area                        |
| TAC                                | tactical                             | command    |
|------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|------------|
| (graphics)                         |                                      |            |
| TAC(A)                             | *tactical air coordinator (airborne) |            |
| TACC                               | tactical air command center          |            |
| TACLAN                             | tactical local area network          |            |
| TACON                              | *tactical control                    |            |
| TACP                               | *tactical air control party          |            |
| TACS                               | theater air control system           |            |
| TAI                                | *target area of interest             |            |
| TAMD                               | theater air and missile defense      |            |
| TB MED                             | technical bulletin (medical)         |            |
| TC                                 | training circular                    |            |
| TC-AIMS                            |                                      |            |
| II                                 |                                      |            |
| Transportation                     | Coordinator's                        | Automated  |
| Information for Movement System II |                                      |            |
| TCC                                | *transportation component command    |            |
| TCF                                | *tactical combat force               |            |
| TD                                 | *train density                       |            |
| TDA                                | Table of Distribution and Allowance  |            |
| TDL                                | *tactical data link                  |            |
| TDY                                | temporary duty                       |            |
| T&EO                               | *training and evaluation outline     |            |
| TECHINT                            | *technical intelligence              |            |
| TEMPER                             | tent extendible modular personnel    |            |
| TES                                | *theater event system                |            |
| TF                                 | task force                           |            |
| TG                                 | technical guide                      |            |
| TGO                                | *terminal guidance operations        |            |
| THAAD                              | terminal high altitude area defense  |            |
| TIB     | *toxic industrial biological                  |
|---------|-----------------------------------------------|
| TIC     | *toxic industrial chemical                    |
| TIM     | *toxic industrial material                    |
| TIP     | target intelligence package                   |
| TIR     | *toxic industrial radiological                |
| TJAG    | the judge advocate general                    |
| TLE     | *target location error                        |
| TLP     | troop leading procedures                      |
| TM      | technical manual                              |
| TMD     | theater missile defense                       |
| TO      | *theater of operations                        |
| TO&E    | table of organization and equipment           |
| TOF     | time of flight                                |
| TOW     | tube launched, optically tracked, wire guided |
| TPFDD   | *time-phased force and deployment data        |
| TPFDL   | *time-phased force and deployment list        |
| TQ      | *tactical questioning                         |
| TRADOC  | United                                        |
| Command |                                               |
| TRANSEC | *transmission security                        |
| TRO     | *training and readiness oversight             |
| TRP     | target reference point                        |
| TSC     | theater sustainment command                   |
| TSCP    | theater security cooperation plan             |
| TSOC    | *theater special operations command           |
| TST     | *time sensitive target                        |
| TTP     | tactics, techniques, and procedures           |
| UA                     | *unmanned aircraft                       |
|------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| UAR                    | *unconventional assisted recovery        |
| UARCC                  | *unconventional                          |
| coordination cell      |                                          |
| UAS                    | *unmanned aircraft system                |
| UCMJ                   | Uniform Code of Military Justice         |
| UCP                    | *Unified Command Plan                    |
| UGR                    | unitized group ration                    |
| UH                     | utility helicopter                       |
| UIC                    | unit identification code                 |
| ULN                    | *unit line number                        |
| UMD                    | *unit movement data                      |
| UMT                    | unit ministry team                       |
| U.S.                   | United States                            |
| USA                    | United States Army                       |
| USACE                  | United States Army Corps of Engineers    |
| USAF                   | United States Air Force                  |
| USAID                  | United                                   |
| Development            |                                          |
| USAJFKSWC              | United States Army John F. Kennedy       |
| Special Warfare Center |                                          |
| USAMC                  | United States Army Materiel Command      |
| USAMEDCOM              | United States Army Medical Command       |
| USAPHC                 | United States Army Public Health Command |
| USAR                   | United States Army Reserve               |
| USASOC                 | United                                   |
| Command                |                                          |
| USC                                       | United States Code                       |
|-------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| USCENTCOM                                 | United States Central Command            |
| USCG                                      | United States Coast Guard                |
| USEUCOM                                   | United States European Command           |
| USG                                       | United States Government                 |
| USMC                                      | United States Marine Corps               |
| USMTF                                     | United States message text format        |
| USN                                       | United States Navy                       |
| USNORTHCOM United States Northern Command |                                          |
| USPACOM                                   | United States Pacific Command            |
| USSOCOM                                   | United States Special Operations Command |
| USSOUTHCOM United States Southern Command |                                          |
| USSTRATCOM                                | United States Strategic Command          |
| USTRANSCOM                                | United States Transportation Command     |
| UTM                                       | universal transverse Mercator            |
| UTP                                       | unit training plan                       |
| UW                                        | *unconventional warfare                  |
| UXO                                       | *unexploded explosive ordnance           |

## V

VBIED *vehicle-borne improvised explosive device VI
*visual information VISA
*Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement

| VoIP   | voice over internet protocol   |
|--------|--------------------------------|
| VRC    | vehicle radio communication    |
| VSAT   | very small aperture terminal   |

VT
variable time
VTC
video teleconference

| WAN                    | wide-area network               |
|------------------------|---------------------------------|
| WARM                   | *wartime reserve modes          |
| WARNORD *warning order |                                 |
| WCS                    | *weapons control status         |
| WEZ                    | *weapon engagement zone         |
| WMD                    | *weapons of mass destruction    |
| WP                     | white phosphorous               |
| WPS                    | Worldwide Port System           |
| WTBD                   | warrior tasks and battle drills |
| WTI                    | *weapons technical intelligence |

XO executive officer ZF *zone of fire

## Section Ii - Geographical Entity Codes

2-2. On 19 February 2004, NATO Standardization Agreement
(STANAG) 1059 (Edition 8), Letter Codes for Geographical Entities, was promulgated. The aim of this agreement is to provide unique three letter codes for use within NATO to distinguish geographical entities.

However, due to implementation difficulties, a 28 January 2005 memorandum from the NATO Standardization Agency declared that until STANAG 1059 could be fully implemented, the two letter code would be used for the technical automated information system domain, while in all other (nontechnical) administrative areas, the three letter code would be used. The list on pages 2-23 through 2-28 provides both the two letter and three letter codes.

| Geographical entity   | Two-letter   |
|-----------------------|--------------|
| code                  |              |
| Three-letter          |              |
| code                  |              |
|                       |              |
| A                   |              |
|                       |              |
| Afghanistan           | AF           |
| Albania               | AL           |
| Algeria               | DZ           |
| American Samoa        | AS           |
| Andorra               | AD           |
| Angola                | AO           |
| Anguilla              | AI           |
| Antarctica            | AQ           |
| Antigua and Barbuda   | AG           |
| Argentina             | AR           |
| Armenia               | AM           |
| Aruba                 | AA           |
| Australia             | AU           |
| Austria               | AT           |
| Azerbaijan            | AZ           |
|                       |              |
| B                   |              |
|                       |              |
| Bahamas               | BS           |
| Bahrain               | BH           |
| Bangladesh                     | BD   | BGD   |
|--------------------------------|------|-------|
| Barbados                       | BB   | BRB   |
| Belarus                        | BY   | BLR   |
| Belize                         | BZ   | BLZ   |
| Belgium                        | BE   | BEL   |
| Benin                          | BJ   | BEN   |
| Bermuda                        | BM   | BMU   |
| Bhutan                         | BT   | BTN   |
| Bolivia                        | BO   | BOL   |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina         | BA   | BIH   |
| Botswana                       | BW   | BWA   |
| Bouvet Island                  | BV   | BVT   |
| Brazil                         | BR   | BRA   |
| British Indian Ocean Territory | IO   | IOT   |
| Brunei Darussalam              | BN   | BRN   |
| Bulgaria                       | BG   | BGR   |
| Burkina Faso                   | BF   | BFA   |
| Burundi                        | BI   | BDI   |
|                                |      |       |
| C                            |      |       |
|                                |      |       |
| Cambodia                       | KH   | KHM   |
| Cameroon                       | CM   | CMR   |
| Canada                         | CA   | CAN   |
| Cape Verde                     | CV   | CPV   |
| Cayman Islands                 | KY   | CYM   |
| Central African Republic       | CF   | CAF   |
| Chad                           | TD   | TCD   |
| Chile                          | CL   | CHL   |
| China                          | CN   | CHN   |
|--------------------------------|------|-------|
| Christmas Island               | CX   | CXR   |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands        | CC   | CCK   |
| Colombia                       | CO   | COL   |
| Comoros                        | KM   | COM   |
| Congo                          | CG   | COG   |
| Congo, The Democratic Republic |      |       |
| of the CD                      |      |       |
| COD                            |      |       |
| Cook Islands                   | CK   | COK   |
| Costa Rica                     | CR   | CRI   |
| Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)    | CI   | CIV   |
| Croatia (Hrvatska)             | HR   | HRV   |
| Cuba                           | CU   | CUB   |
| Cypress                        | CY   | CYP   |
| Czech Republic                 | CZ   | CZE   |
|                                |      |       |
| D                            |      |       |
|                                |      |       |
| Denmark                        | DK   | DNK   |
| Djibouti                       | DJ   | DJI   |
| Dominica                       | DM   | DMA   |
| Dominican Republic             | DO   | DOM   |
|                                |      |       |
| E                            |      |       |
|                                |      |       |
| Ecuador                        | EC   | ECU   |
| El Salvador                    | SV   | SLV   |
| Egypt                          | EG   | EGY   |
| Equatorial Guinea              | GQ   | GNQ   |
| Eritrea                        | ER   | ERI   |
| Estonia                        | EE   | EST   |
| Ethiopia                    | ET   | ETH   |
|-----------------------------|------|-------|
|                             |      |       |
| F                         |      |       |
|                             |      |       |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | FK   | FLK   |
| Faroe Islands               | FO   | FRO   |
| Fiji                        | FJ   | FJI   |
| Finland                     | FI   | FIN   |
| France                      | FR   | FRA   |
| French Guiana               | GF   | GUF   |
| French Polynesia            | PF   | PYF   |
| French Southern Territories | TF   | ATF   |
|                             |      |       |
| G                         |      |       |
|                             |      |       |
| Gabon                       | GA   | GAB   |
| Gambia                      | GM   | GMB   |
| Georgia                     | GE   | GEO   |
| Germany                     | DE   | DEU   |
| Ghana                       | GH   | GHA   |
| Gibraltar                   | GI   | GIB   |
| Greece                      | GR   | GRC   |
| Greenland                   | GL   | GRL   |
| Grenada                     | GD   | GRD   |
| Guadeloupe                  | GP   | GLP   |
| Guam                        | GU   | GUM   |
| Guatemala                   | GT   | GTM   |
| Guinea                      | GN   | GIN   |
| GuineaBissau               | GW   | GNB   |
| Guyana                      | GY   | GUY   |
|                             |      |       |
| H                         |      |       |
|                             |      |       |
|                               | Haiti      | HT       | HTI      |
|-------------------------------|------------|----------|----------|
| Heard                         | Island     | and      | McDonald |
| Islands                       |            |          |          |
| HM                            | HMD        |          |          |
| Holy See (Vatican City State) | VA         | VAT      |          |
| Honduras                      | HN         | HND      |          |
| Hong Kong                     | HK         | HKG      |          |
| Hungary                       | HU         | HUN      |          |
|                               |            |          |          |
| I                           |            |          |          |
|                               |            |          |          |
| Iceland                       | IS         | ISL      |          |
| India                         | IN         | IND      |          |
| Indonesia                     | ID         | IDN      |          |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of     | IR         | IRN      |          |
| Iraq                          | IQ         | IRQ      |          |
| Ireland                       | IE         | IRL      |          |
| Israel                        | IL         | ISR      |          |
| Italy                         | IT         | ITA      |          |
|                               |            |          |          |
| J                           |            |          |          |
|                               |            |          |          |
| Jamaica                       | JM         | JAM      |          |
| Japan                         | JP         | JPN      |          |
| Jordan                        | JO         | JOR      |          |
|                               |            |          |          |
| K                           |            |          |          |
|                               |            |          |          |
| Kazakhstan                    | KZ         | KAZ      |          |
| Kenya                         | KE         | KEN      |          |
| Kiribati                      | KI         | KIR      |          |
| Korea,                        | Democratic | People's |          |
| Republic of KP                |            |          |          |
| PRK                           |            |          |          |
| Korea, Republic of            | KR         | KOR      |          |
| Kuwait                        | KW         | KWT      |          |
| Kyrgyzstan                       | KG   | KGZ   |
|----------------------------------|------|-------|
|                                  |      |       |
| L                              |      |       |
|                                  |      |       |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | LA   | LAO   |
| Latvia                           | LV   | LVA   |
| Lebanon                          | LB   | LBN   |
| Lesotho                          | LS   | LSO   |
| Liberia                          | LR   | LBR   |
| Libyan                           | LY   | LBY   |
| Liechtenstein                    | LI   | LIE   |
| Lithuania                        | LT   | LTU   |
| Luxembourg                       | LU   | LUX   |
|                                  |      |       |
| M                              |      |       |
|                                  |      |       |
| Macao                            | MO   | MAC   |
| Madagascar                       | MG   | MDG   |
| Malawi                           | MW   | MWI   |
| Malaysia                         | MY   | MYS   |
| Maldives                         | MV   | MDV   |
| Mali                             | ML   | MLI   |
| Malta                            | MT   | MLT   |
| Martinique                       | MQ   | MTQ   |
| Mauritania                       | MR   | MRT   |
| Mauritius                        | MU   | MUS   |
| Mexico                           | MX   | MEX   |
| Micronesia, Federated States of  | FM   | FSM   |
| Moldova, Republic of             | MD   | MDA   |
| Monaco                           | MC   | MCO   |
| Mongolia                         | MN   | MNG   | | Montenegro               | ME   | MNE   |
|--------------------------|------|-------|
| Montserrat               | MS   | MSR   |
| Morocco                  | MA   | MAR   |
| Mozambique               | MZ   | MOZ   |
| Myanmar                  | MM   | MMR   |
|                          |      |       |
| N                      |      |       |
|                          |      |       |
| Namibia                  | NA   | NAM   |
| Nauru                    | NR   | NRU   |
| Nepal                    | NP   | NPL   |
| Netherlands              | NL   | NLD   |
| Netherlands Antilles     | AN   | ANT   |
| New Caledonia            | NC   | NCL   |
| New Zealand              | NZ   | NZL   |
| Nicaragua                | NI   | NIC   |
| Niger                    | NE   | NER   |
| Nigeria                  | NG   | NGA   |
| Niue                     | NU   | NIU   |
| Norfolk Island           | NF   | NFK   |
| Northern Mariana Islands | MP   | MNP   |
| Norway                   | NO   | NOR   |
|                          |      |       |
| O                      |      |       |
|                          |      |       |
| Oman                     | OM   | OMN   |
|                          |      |       |
| P                      |      |       |
|                          |      |       |
| Pakistan                 | PK   | PAK   |
| Palau                    | PW   | PLW   |
| Panama                   | PA   | PAN   |
| Papua New Guinea         | PG   | PNG   | | Paraguay                         | PY   | PRY   |
|----------------------------------|------|-------|
| Peru                             | PE   | PER   |
| Philippines                      | PH   | PHL   |
| Pitcairn                         | PN   | PCN   |
| Poland                           | PL   | POL   |
| Portugal                         | PT   | PRT   |
| Puerto Rico                      | PR   | PRI   |
|                                  |      |       |
| Q                              |      |       |
|                                  |      |       |
| Qatar                            | QA   | QAT   |
|                                  |      |       |
| R                              |      |       |
|                                  |      |       |
| Reunion                          | RE   | REU   |
| Romania                          | RO   | ROU   |
| Russian Federation               | RU   | RUS   |
| Rwanda                           | RW   | RWA   |
|                                  |      |       |
| S                              |      |       |
|                                  |      |       |
| Saint Helena                     | SH   | SHL   |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis            | KN   | KNA   |
| Saint Lucia                      | LC   | LCA   |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelone       | PM   | SPM   |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | VC   | VCT   |
| Samoa                            | WS   | WSM   |
| San Marino                       | SM   | SMR   |
| Sao Tome and Principe            | ST   | STP   |
| Saudi Arabia                     | SA   | SAU   |
| Senegal                          | SN   | SEN   |
| Serbia                           | RS   | SRB   |
| Seychelles                       | SC   | SYC   |
| Sierra Leone                   | SL      | SLE   |
|--------------------------------|---------|-------|
| Singapore                      | SG      | SGP   |
| Slovakia                       | SK      | SVK   |
| Slovenia                       | SI      | SVN   |
| Solomon Islands                | SB      | SLB   |
| Somalia                        | SO      | SOM   |
| South Africa                   | ZA      | ZAF   |
| South                          | Georgia | and   |
| Sandwich Islands               |         |       |
| GS                             | SGS     |       |
| Spain                          | ES      | ESP   |
| Sri Lanka                      | LK      | LKA   |
| Sudan                          | SD      | SDN   |
| Suriname                       | SR      | SUR   |
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands | SJ      | SJM   |
| Swaziland                      | SZ      | SWZ   |
| Sweden                         | SE      | SWE   |
| Switzerland                    | CH      | CHE   |
| Syrian Arab Republic           | SY      | SYR   |
| T                            |         |       |
| Taiwan, Province of China      | TW      | TWN   |
| Tajikistan                     | TJ      | TJK   |
| Tanzania, United Republic of   | TZ      | TZA   |
| Thailand                       | TH      | THA   |
| TimorLeste                    | TL      | TLS   |
| Togo                           | TG      | TGO   |
| Tokelau                        | TK      | TKL   |
| Tonga                          | TO      | TON   |
| Trinidad and Tobago       | TT     | TTO   |
|---------------------------|--------|-------|
| Tunisia                   | TN     | TUN   |
| Turkey                    | TR     | TUR   |
| Turkmenistan              | TM     | TKM   |
| Turks and Caicos Islands  | TC     | TCA   |
| Tuvalu                    | TV     | TUV   |
| U                       |        |       |
| Uganda                    | UG     | UGA   |
| Ukraine                   | UA     | UKR   |
| United Arab Emirates      | AE     | ARE   |
| United Kingdom            | GB     | GBR   |
| United States             | US     | USA   |
| United                    | States | Minor |
| Islands                   |        |       |
| UM                        | UMI    |       |
|                           |        |       |
| Uruguay                   | UY     | URY   |
| Uzbekistan                | UZ     | UZB   |
|                           |        |       |
| V                       |        |       |
|                           |        |       |
| Vanuatu                   | VU     | VUT   |
| Venezuela                 | VE     | VEN   |
| Viet Nam                  | VN     | VNM   |
| Virgin Islands (British)  | VG     | VGB   |
| Virgin Islands (US)       | VI     | VIR   |
|                           |        |       |
| W                       |        |       |
|                           |        |       |
| Wallis and Futuna Islands | WF     | WLF   |
| Western Sahara            | EH     | ESH   |
|                           |        |       |
| Y                       |        |       |
|                           |        |       |
| Yemen                           | YE   | YEM   |
|---------------------------------|------|-------|
| Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of | YU   | YUG   |
|                                 |      |       |
| Z                             |      |       |
|                                 |      |       |
| Zambia                          | ZM   | ZMB   |
| Zimbabwe                        | ZW   | ZWE   |

## References

All websites accessed on 2 February 2021.

REQUIRED PUBLICATIONS
These documents must be available to intended users of this
publication.
DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. December
2020.

## Related Publications These Documents Contain Relevant Supplemental Information. International Standardization Agreements Most North Atlantic Treaty Organization Publications Are Available At Http://Nso.Nato.Int/Nso/. (Requires Account Registration).

STANAG 1059 (ED. 8). *Letter Codes for Geographical Entities*. 01
April 2004.
STANAG 1241 (ED. 5). NATO Standard Identity Description
Structure for Tactical Use. 07 April 2005.
STANAG 3680 (ED. 5)/AAP 6 (2017) (2). NATO Glossary of
Terms and Definitions (English and French). 11 November
2019.

## Department Of Defense And Joint Publications Most Department Of Defense Publications Are Available Online At Https://Www.Esd.Whs.Mil/Dd/.

Most joint publications are available online at http://
www.jcs.mil/doctrine.
Most
CJCS
publications
are
available online at https://www.jcs.mil/library/.
CJCSM 3122.01A. Joint Operation Planning and Execution
(JOPES) Volume I (Planning Policies and Procedures). 29
September 2006.
CJCSM 5120.01B. *Joint Doctrine Development Process*. 06
November 2020.
CJCSI 5120.02E. *Joint Doctrine Development System*. 06
November 2020.
DODD 2310.01E. *DoD Detainee Program*. 19 August 2014. DODD 3025.18. *Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA)*. 29
December 2010.
JP 1. *Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States*. 25
March 2013.
JP 1-0. *Joint Personnel Support*. 01 December 2020. JP 2-0. *Joint Intelligence*. 22 October 2013. JP 2-01. Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military
Operations. 05 July 2017.
JP 2-01.2. Counterintelligence and Human Intelligence in Joint
Operations. 06 April 2016.
JP 2-01.3. Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational
Environment. 21 May 2014.
JP 2-03. *Geospatial Intelligence in Joint Operations*. 05 July
2017.
JP 3-0. *Joint Operations*. 17 January 2017. JP 3-01. *Countering Air and Missile Threats*. 21 April 2017. JP 3-02. *Amphibious Operations*. 04 January 2019. JP 3-03. *Joint Interdiction*. 09 September 2016. JP 3-05. *Joint Doctrine for Special Operations*. 22 September
2020.
JP 3-06. *Joint Urban Operations*. 20 November 2013. JP 3-07. *Stability*. 03 August 2016. JP 3-07.3. *Peace Operations*. 01 March 2018. JP 3-07.4. *Counterdrug Operations*. 05 February 2019. JP 3-08. *Interorganizational Cooperation*. 12 October 2016. JP 3-09. *Joint Fire Support*. 10 April 2019. JP 3-09.3. *Close Air Support*. 10 June 2019. JP 3-10. *Joint Security Operations in Theater*. 25 July 2019. JP 3-11. Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and
Nuclear Environments. 29 October 2018.
JP 3-12. *Cyberspace Operations*. 08 June 2018. JP 3-13. *Information Operations*. 27 November 2012. JP 3-13.2. *Military Information Support Operations*. 21
November 2014.
JP 3-13.3. *Operations Security*. 06 January 2016. JP 3-13.4. *Military Deception*. 14 February 2017. JP 3-14. *Space Operations*. 10 April 2018. JP 3-15. Barriers, Obstacles, and Mine Warfare for Joint
Operations. 06 September 2016.
JP 3-15.1. *Counter-Improvised Explosive Device Activities*. 17
July 2018.
JP 3-16. *Multinational Operations*. 01 March 2019. JP 3-18. *Joint Forcible Entry Operations*. 11 May 2017. JP 3-20. *Security Cooperation*. 23 May 2017. JP 3-22. *Foreign Internal Defense*. 17 August 2018. JP 3-24. *Counterinsurgency*. 25 April 2018. JP 3-26. *Joint Combating Terrorism*. 30 July 2020. JP 3-27. *Homeland Defense*. 10 April 2018. JP 3-28. *Defense Support of Civil Authorities*. 29 October 2018. JP 3-29. *Foreign Humanitarian Assistance*. 14 May 2019. JP 3-30. *Joint Air Operations*. 25 July 2019. JP 3-31. *Joint Land Operations*. 03 October 2019. JP 3-32. *Joint Maritime Operations*. 08 June 2018. JP 3-33. *Joint Task Force Headquarters*. 31 January 2018. JP 3-34. *Joint Engineer Operations*. 06 January 2016. JP 3-35. *Deployment and Redeployment Operations*. 10 January
2018.
JP 3-36. *Joint Air Mobility and Sealift Operations*. 04 January
2021.
JP 3-40. *Joint Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction*. 27
November 2019.
JP 3-41. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Response. 09 September 2016.
JP 3-42. *Joint Explosive Ordnance Disposal*. 09 September 2016. JP 3-50. *Personnel Recovery*. 02 October 2015. JP 3-52. *Joint Airspace Control*. 13 November 2014. JP 3-57. *Civil-Military Operations*. 09 July 2018. JP 3-59. *Meteorological and Oceanographic Operations*. 10
January 2018.
JP 3-60. *Joint Targeting*. 28 September 2018. JP 3-61. *Public Affairs*. 17 November 2015. JP 3-63. *Detainee Operations*. 13 November 2014. JP 3-68. *Noncombatant Evacuation Operations*. 18 November
2015.
JP 3-80. *Resource Management*. 11 January 2016. JP 3-84. *Legal Support*. 02 August 2016. JP 3-85. *Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations*. 22 May
2020.
JP 4-0. *Joint Logistics*. 04 February 2019. JP 4-01. *The Defense Transportation System*. 18 July 2017. JP 4-01.5. *Joint Terminal Operations*. 02 November 2015. JP 4-01.6. *Joint Logistics Over-the-Shore*. 03 February 2017. JP 4-02. *Joint Health Services*. 17 December 2017. JP 4-03. *Joint Bulk Petroleum and Water Doctrine*. 11 January
2016.
JP 4-05. *Joint Mobilization Planning*. 23 October 2018. JP 4-09. *Distribution Operations*. 14 March 2019. JP 4-10. *Operational Contract Support*. 04 March 2019. JP 5-0. *Joint Planning*. 01 December 2020. JP 6-0. *Joint Communications System*. 10 June 2015.

## Army Publications Most Army Doctrinal Publications Are Available Online At

https://armypubs.army.mil/.

ADP 1. *The Army*. 31 July 2019. ADP 1-01. *Doctrine Primer*. 31 July 2019. ADP 2-0. *Intelligence.* 31 July 2019. ADP 3-0. *Operations*. 31 July 2019. ADP 3-05. *Army Special Operations*. 31 July 2019. ADP 3-07. *Stability*. 31 July 2019. ADP 3-19. *Fires*. 31 July 2019. ADP 3-28. *Defense Support of Civil Authorities*. 31 July 2019. ADP 3-37. *Protection*. 31 July 2019. ADP 3-90. *Offense and Defense*. 31 July 2019. ADP 4-0. *Sustainment*. 31 July 2019. ADP 5-0. *The Operations Process*. 31 July 2019. ADP 6-0. Mission Command: Command and Control of Army
Forces. 31 July 2019.
ADP 6-22. *Army Leadership and the Profession*. 31 July 2019. ADP 7-0. *Training*. 31 July 2019. AR 381-12. *Threat Awareness and Reporting Program*. 01 June
2016.
AR 600-100. *Army Profession and Leadership Policy*. 05 April
2017.
ATP 1-05.03. *Religious Support and External Advisement*. 31
January 2019.
ATP 1-05.04. *Religious Support and Internal Advisement*. 23
March 2017.
ATP 1-05.05. *Religious Support and Casualty Care*. 28 August
2019.
ATP 1-06.2. *The Commanders' Emergency Response Program*. 22
May 2017.
ATP 1-06.3. *Banking Operations*. 23 January 2015. ATP 1-19. *Army Music*. 13 February 2015. ATP 1-20. *Military History Operations*. 09 June 2014. ATP 2-01. *Plan Requirements and Assess Collection*. 19 August
2014.
ATP 2-01.3. *Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield*. 01 March
2019.
ATP 2-19.3. *Corps and Division Intelligence Techniques*. 26
March 2015.
ATP 2-19.4. *Brigade Combat Team Intelligence Techniques*. 10
February 2015.
ATP 2-22.2-1. (U)Counterintelligence Volume I: Investigations,
Analysis and Production, and Technical Services and Support
Activities. 11 December 2015.
ATP 2-22.4. *Technical Intelligence*. 04 November 2013. ATP 2-22.7. *(U)Geospatial Intelligence*. 26 March 2015. ATP 2-22.9/MCRP 2-10A.3. *(U)Open-Source Intelligence*. 15
August 2019.
ATP 2-22.82. *(U)Biometrics-Enabled Intelligence*. 02 November
2015.
ATP 2-33.4. *Intelligence Analysis*. 10 January 2020. ATP 2-91.7. Intelligence Support to Defense Support of Civil
Authorities. 29 June 2015.
ATP
2-91.8.
(U)Techniques
for
Document
and
Media
Exploitation. 05 May 2015.
ATP 3-01.7. *Air Defense Artillery Brigade Techniques*. 16 March
2016.
ATP 3-01.8. *Techniques for Combined Arms for Air Defense*. 29
July 2016.
ATP 3-01.15/MCTP 10-10B/NTTP 3-01.8/AFTTP 3-2.31.
AMD: Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for
Air and Missile Defense. 14 March 2019.
ATP 3-01.16. Air and Missile Defense Intelligence Preparation of
the Battlefield. 31 March 2016.
ATP 3-01.18. *Stinger Team Techniques*. 23 August 2017. ATP 3-01.48. *Sentinel Techniques*. 04 March 2016. ATP 3-01.64. *Avenger Battalion and Battery Techniques*. 10
March 2016.
ATP 3-01.81. *Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System Techniques*. 13
April 2017.
ATP 3-01.85. *Patriot Battalion Techniques*. 31 January 2019. ATP 3-01.87. *Patriot Battery Techniques*. 22 August 2018. ATP 3-01.91. Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THADD)
Techniques. 26 August 2013.
ATP 3-01.94. Army Air and Missile Defense Command
Operations. 20 April 2016.
ATP 3-04.1. *Aviation Tactical Employment*. 07 May 2020. ATP 3-04.7. *Army Aviation Maintenance*. 20 October 2020. ATP 3-04.13. *Aircraft Recovery Operations.* 16 April 2018.
ATP 3-04.64/MCRP 3-42.1A/NTTP 3-55.14/AFTTP 3-2.64.
Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the
Tactical Employment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems. 22
January 2015.
ATP 3-05.1. *Unconventional Warfare*. 06 September 2013. ATP 3-05.2. *Foreign Internal Defense*. 19 August 2015.
ATP
3-05.11.
Special
Operations
Chemical,
Biological,
Radiological, and Nuclear Operations. 30 April 2014.
ATP 3-05.20. *Special Operations Intelligence*. 03 May 2013. ATP 3-05.60. *Special Operations Communications System*. 30
November 2015.
ATP 3-05.68. Special Operations Noncombatant Evacuation
Operations. 30 September 2014.
ATP 3-06/MCTP 12-10B. *Urban Operations*. 07 December
2017.
ATP 3-06.1/MCRP 3-35.3A/NTTP 3-01.04/AFTTP 3-2.29.
Aviation Urban Operations: Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for Aviation Urban Operations. 27 April
2016.
ATP 3-07.5. *Stability Techniques*. 31 August 2012. ATP 3-07.6. *Protection of Civilians*. 29 October 2015.
ATP 3-07.10/MCRP 3-03D.1 [MCRP 3-33.8A]/NTTP 3-07.5/
AFTTP 3-2.76. Advising: Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Advising Foreign Security Forces. 13
November 2017.
ATP 3-07.31/MCTP 3-03B/AFTTP 3-2.40. Peace Ops: Multi-
Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Peace
Operations. 02 May 2019.
ATP 3-09.02. *Field Artillery Survey*. 16 February 2016. ATP 3-09.12. *Field Artillery Target Acquisition*. 24 July 2015. ATP 3-09.13. *The Battlefield Coordination Detachment*. 24 July
2015.
ATP 3-09.23. *Field Artillery Cannon Battalion*. 24 September
2015.
ATP 3-09.24. *Techniques for the Fires Brigade*. 21 November
2012.
ATP 3-09.30. *Observed Fire*. 28 September 2017.
ATP 3-09.34/MCRP 3-31.4 [3-25H]/NTTP 3-09.2.1/AFTTP
3-2.59. Kill Box: Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Kill Box Planning and Employment. 18 June
2018.
ATP 3-09.42. *Fire Support for the Brigade Combat Team*. 01
March 2016.
ATP 3-09.50. *The Field Artillery Cannon Battery*. 04 May 2016. ATP 3-09.60. Techniques for Multiple Launch Rocket System
(MLRS) and High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS)
Operations. 29 July 2020.
ATP 3-11.23/MCWP 3-37.7/NTTP 3-11.35/AFTTP 3-2.71.
Multi-Service
Tactics,
Techniques,
and
Procedures
for
Weapons of Mass Destruction Elimination Operations. 01
November 2013.
ATP 3-11.32/ MCWP 10-10E.8/NTTP 3-11.37/AFTTP 3-2.46.
Multi-Service
Tactics,
Techniques,
and
Procedures
for
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Passive
Defense. 13 May 2016.
ATP 3-11.37/MCWP 3-37.4/NTTP 3-11.29/AFTTP 3-2.44.
Multi-Service
Tactics,
Techniques,
and
Procedures
for
Chemical,
Biological,
Radiological,
and
Nuclear
Reconnaissance and Surveillance. 25 March 2013.
ATP 3-11.50. *Battlefield Obscuration*. 15 May 2014. ATP 3-12.3. *Electronic Warfare Techniques*. 16 July 2019. ATP 3-13.1. *The Conduct of Information Operations*. 04 October
2018.
ATP 3-14.3. *Techniques for Army Space Forces*. 15 February
2018.
ATP 3-14.5. Army Joint Tactical Ground Station (JTAGS)
Operations. 15 October 2014.
ATP 3-17.2./MCRP 3-20B.1 [3-21.1B]/NTTP 3-02.18/AFTTP
3-2.68. Airfield Opening Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Airfield Opening. 27 October 2018.
ATP 3-18.1. *Special Forces Unconventional Warfare*. 21 March
2019.
ATP 3-18.4. *Special Forces Special Reconnaissance*. 18 August
2015.
ATP 3-18.11. *Special Forces Military Free-Fall Operations*. 28
April 2020.
ATP 3-18.14. Special Forces Vehicle-Mounted Operations Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures. 12 September 2014.
ATP 3-20.15/MCRP 3-10B.1. *Tank Platoon*. 03 July 2019. ATP 3-20.96. *Cavalry Squadron*. 12 May 2016. ATP 3-20.97. *Cavalry Troop*. 01 September 2016. ATP 3-20.98. *Scout Platoon*. 04 December 2019. ATP 3-21.8. *Infantry Platoon and Squad*. 12 April 2016. ATP 3-21.10. *Infantry Rifle Company.* 14 May 2018. ATP 3-21.11. Stryker Brigade Combat Team Infantry Rifle
Company. 25 November 2020.
ATP 3-21.18. *Foot Marches*. 17 April 2017. ATP 3-21.20. *Infantry Battalion*. 28 December 2017. ATP 3-21.50. Infantry Small-Unit Mountain and Cold Weather
Operations. 27 August 2020.
ATP 3-21.51. *Subterranean Operations.* 01 November 2019. ATP 3-21.90/MCTP 3-01D. *Tactical Employment of Mortars.* 09
October 2019.
ATP 3-22.40/MCTP 10-10A/NTTP 3-07.3.2/AFTTP 3-2.45/
CGTTP 3-93.2. NLW Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Employment of Nonlethal Weapons. 29
May 2020.
ATP 3-27.3. *Ground-based Midcourse Defense Operations*. 30
October 2019.
ATP 3-27.5. *AN/TPY 2 Forward Based Mode Radar Operations*.
13 April 2015.
ATP 3-28.1/MCWP 3-36.2/NTTP 3-57.2/AFTTP 3-2.67. DSCA:
Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Defense
Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA). 25 September 2015.
ATP 3-34.5/MCRP 4-11B. *Environmental Considerations*. 10
August 2015.
ATP 3-34.80. *Geospatial Engineering*. 22 February 2017. ATP 3-34.81/MCWP 3-17.4. *Engineer Reconnaissance*. 01
March 2016.
ATP 3-34.84/MCRP 3-10.2 [3-35.9A]/NTTP 3-07.7/AFTTP
3-2.75/CGTTP
3-95.17.
MDO
Multi-Service
Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Military Diving Operations. 02
January 2019.
ATP 3-35. *Army Deployment and Redeployment*. 23 March
2015.
ATP 3-37.10/MCRP 3-40D.13. *Base Camps*. 27 January 2017. ATP 3-37.11. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and
Explosives Command. 28 August 2018.
ATP 3-37.34/MCTP 3-34C. *Survivability Operations*. 16 April
2018.
ATP 3-39.10. *Police Operations*. 26 January 2015. ATP 3-39.32. *Physical Security*. 30 April 2014.
ATP
3-50.3/MCRP
3-05.1/NTTP
3-50.3/AFTTP
3-2.26.
Survival, Evasion, and Recovery Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Survival, Evasion, and
Recovery. 21 August 2019.
ATP 3-50.10/MCRP 3-05.3/NTTP 3-57.6/AFTTP 3-2.90. PR
Multi-Service
Tactics,
Techniques,
and
Procedures
for
Personnel Recovery. 04 June 2018.
ATP 3-50.20. Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE)
Planning and Preparation. 29 November 2017.
ATP 3-50.21. *Survival.* 18 September 2018. ATP 3-50.22. *Evasion*. 28 November 2017.
ATP 3-52.1/MCRP 3-20F.4 [MCWP 3-25.13]/NTTP 3-56.4/
AFTTP 3-2.78. Airspace Control Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Airspace Control. 14 February
2019.
ATP 3-52.2/MCRP 3-20.1/NTTP 3-56.2/AFTTP 3-2.17. TAGS
Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the
Theater Air-Ground System. 21 May 2020.
ATP 3-53.1. *Military Information in Special Operations*. 23 April
2015.
ATP 3-53.2. *Military Information in Conventional Operations*. 07
August 2015.
ATP 3-55.3/MCRP 2-10A.8/NTTP 2-01.3/AFTTP 3-2.88. ISR
Optimization
Multi-Service
Tactics,
Techniques,
and
Procedures for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
Optimization. 03 September 2019.
ATP 3-55.4. Techniques for Information Collection During
Operations Among Populations. 05 April 2016.
ATP 3-55.6/MCRP 2-10A.4/NTTP 3-55.13/AFTTP 3-2.2.
ATSRE Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for
Air-To-Surface Radar System Employment. 23 October 2019.
ATP 3-57.10. Civil Affairs Support to Populace and Resources
Control. 06 August 2013.
ATP 3-57.20/MCRP 3-33.1C. Multi-Service Techniques for Civil
Affairs Support to Foreign Humanitarian Assistance. 15
February 2013.
ATP 3-57.30. *Civil Affairs Support to Nation Assistance*. 01 May
2014.
ATP 3-57.50. *Civil Affairs Civil Information Management*. 06
September 2013.
ATP 3-57.60. *Civil Affairs Planning*. 27 April 2014. ATP 3-57.70. *Civil-Military Operations Center*. 05 May 2014. ATP 3-57.80. *Civil-Military Engagement*. 31 October 2013. ATP 3-60. *Targeting*. 07 May 2015. ATP 3-60.1/MCRP 3-16D/NTTP 3-60.1/AFTTP 3-2.3. Dynamic
Targeting Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
for Dynamic Targeting. 10 September 2015.
ATP 3-60.2/MCRP 3-20D.1/NTTP 3-03.4.3/AFTTP 3-2.72.
SCAR Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for
Strike Coordination and Reconnaissance. 31 January 2018.
ATP 3-75. *Ranger Operations*. 26 June 2015. ATP 3-76. *Special Operations Aviation*. 10 February 2017. ATP 3-90.1. *Armor and Mechanized Infantry Company Team*. 27
January 2016.
ATP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8. *Combined Arms Mobility*. 08 March
2016.
ATP 3-90.5. *Combined Arms Battalion*. 05 February 2016. ATP 3-90.8/MCWP 3-17.5. Combined Arms Countermobility
Operations. 17 September 2014.
ATP 3-90.15. *Site Exploitation*. 28 July 2015. ATP 3-90.20. *Regional Support Group*. 31 July 2018. ATP 3-90.90. *Army Tactical Standard Operating Procedures*. 01
November 2011.
ATP 3-90.98/MCTP 12-10C. *Jungle Operations*. 24 September
2020.
ATP 3-91. *Division Operations*. 17 October 2014. ATP 3-91.1/AFTTP 3-2.86. The Joint Air Ground Integration
Center. 17 April 2019.
ATP 3-92. *Corps Operations*. 07 April 2016. ATP 3-93. *Theater Army Operations*. 26 November 2014. ATP 3-94.1. *Digital Liaison Detachment*. 28 December 2017. ATP 3-94.2. *Deep Operations*. 01 September 2016. ATP 3-96.1. *Security Force Assistance Brigade*. 02 September
2020.
ATP 4-0.1. *Army Theater Distribution*. 29 October 2014.
ATP 4-01.45/MCRP 3-40F.7 [MCRP 4-11.3H]/AFTTP 3-2.58.
TCO Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Tactical Convoy Operations. 22 February 2017.
ATP 4-02.1. *Army Medical Logistics*. 29 October 2015. ATP 4-02.2. *Medical Evacuation*. 12 July 2019. ATP 4-02.3. *Army Health System Support to Maneuver Forces*. 09
June 2014.
ATP 4-02.7/MCRP 4-11.1F/NTTP 4-02.7/AFTTP 3-42.3. Multi-
Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Health Service Support in a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Environment. 15 March 2016.
ATP 4-02.10. *Theater Hospitalization*. 14 August 2020. ATP 4-02.19. *Dental Services*. 14 August 2020. ATP 4-02.55. *Army Health System Support Planning*. 30 March
2020.
ATP 4-02.82/NTRP 4-02.9/AFTTP 3-2.82_IP. Occupational and
Environmental Heath Site Assessment. 01 April 2012.
ATP
4-02.84/MCRP
3-40A.3/NTRP
4-02.23/AFMAN
44-156_IP. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Treatment of Biological Warfare Agent Casualties. 21
November 2019.
ATP 4-02.85/MCRP 3-40A.1/NTRP 4-02.22/AFTTP(I) 3-2.69.
Multi-Service
Tactics,
Techniques,
and
Procedures
for
Treatment of Chemical Warfare Agent Casualties and
Conventional Military Chemical Injuries. 02 August 2016.
ATP 4-10/MCRP 4-11H/NTTP 4-09.1/AFMAN 10-409-O.
Multi-Service
Tactics,
Techniques,
and
Procedures
for
Operational Contract Support. 18 February 2016.
ATP 4-11. *Army Motor Transport Operations*. 14 August 2020. ATP 4-12. *Army Container Operations*. 10 May 2013. ATP 4-13. *Army Expeditionary Intermodal Operations*. 16 April
2014.
ATP 4-14. *Expeditionary Railway Center Operations*. 29 May
2014.
ATP 4-15. *Army Watercraft Operations*. 03 April 2015. ATP 4-32. *Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Operations*. 30
September 2013.
ATP 4-32.2/MCRP 10-10B/NTTP 3-02.4.1/AFTTP 3-2.12. EO
Multi-Service
Tactics,
Techniques,
and
Procedures
for
Explosive Ordnance. 12 March 2020.
ATP 4-33. *Maintenance Operations*. 09 July 2019. ATP 4-35. *Munitions Operations and Distribution Techniques*. 05
September 2014.
ATP 4-42.2. *Supply Support Activity Operations*. 09 June 2014. ATP 4-43. *Petroleum Supply Operations*. 06 August 2015. ATP 4-44/MCRP 3-17.7Q. *Water Support Operations*. 02
October 2015.
ATP 4-48. *Aerial Delivery*. 21 December 2016. ATP 4-90. *Brigade Support Battalion*. 18 June 2020. ATP 4-92. *Contracting Support to Unified Land Operations*. 15
October 2014.
ATP 4-93. *Sustainment Brigade*. 11 April 2016. ATP 4-94. *Theater Sustainment Command*. 28 June 2013. ATP 5-0.1. *Army Design Methodology*. 01 July 2015. ATP 5-19. *Risk Management*. 14 April 2014. ATP 6-0.5. *Command Post Organization and Operations*. 01
March 2017.
ATP 6-01.1 *Techniques for Effective Knowledge Management*. 06
March 2015.
ATP 6-02.2. *Signal Platoon*. 30 December 2020. ATP 6-02.40. *Techniques for Visual Information Operations*. 03
January 2019.
ATP 6-02.53. *Techniques for Tactical Radio Operations*. 13
February 2020.
ATP 6-02.54. *Techniques for Satellite Communications*. 5
November 2020.
ATP 6-02.60. Tactical Networking Techniques for Corps and
Below. 09 August 2019.
ATP 6-02.70. *Techniques for Spectrum Management Operations*.
16 October 2019.
ATP 6-02.71. Techniques for Department of Defense Information
Network Operations. 30 April 2019.
ATP 6-02.75. *Techniques for Communications Security*. 18 May
2020.
ATP 6-22.6. *Army Team Building*. 30 October 2015. FM 1-02.2. *Military Symbols.* 10 November 2020. FM 1-04. *Legal Support to Operations*. 08 June 2020. FM 1-05. *Religious Support*. 21 January 2019. FM 1-06. *Financial Management Operations*. 15 April 2014. FM 2-0. *Intelligence*. 06 July 2018. FM 2-22.3. *Human Intelligence Collector Operations*. 06
September 2006.
FM 3-0. *Operations*. 06 October 2017. FM 3-01. *U.S. Army Air and Missile Defense Operations*. 22
December 2020.
FM 3-04. *Army Aviation*. 06 April 2020. FM 3-05. *Army Special Operations*. 09 January 2014. FM 3-07. *Stability*. 02 June 2014. FM 3-09. *Fire Support and Field Artillery Operations*. 30 April
2020.
FM 3-11. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Operations. 23 May 2019.
FM 3-12. *Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations*. 11
April 2017.
FM 3-13. *Information Operations*. 06 December 2016. FM 3-13.4. *Army Support to Military Deception*. 26 February
2019.
FM 3-14. *Army Space Operations*. 30 October 2019. FM 3-16. *The Army in Multinational Operations*. 08 April 2014. FM 3-18. *Special Forces Operations*. 28 May 2014. FM 3-22. *Army Support to Security Cooperation*. 22 January
2013.
FM
3-24/MCWP
3-33.5.
Insurgencies
and
Countering
Insurgencies. 13 May 2014.
FM 3-27. *Army Global Ballistic Missile Defense Operations*. 31
March 2014.
FM 3-34. *Engineer Operations*. 18 December 2020. FM 3-39. *Military Police Operations*. 09 April 2019. FM 3-50. *Army Personnel Recovery*. 02 September 2014. FM 3-52. *Airspace Control*. 20 October 2016. FM 3-53. *Military Information Support Operations*. 04 January
2013.
FM 3-55. *Information Collection*. 03 May 2013. FM 3-57. *Civil Affairs Operations*. 17 April 2019. FM 3-81. *Maneuver Enhancement Brigade*. 21 April 2014. FM 3-90-1. *Offense and Defense, Volume 1*. 22 March 2013. FM 3-90-2. Reconnaissance, Security, and Tactical Enabling
Tasks, Volume 2. 22 March 2013.
FM 3-94. *Theater Army, Corps, and Division Operations*. 21 April
2014.
FM 3-96. *Brigade Combat Team*. 19 January 2021. FM 3-98. *Reconnaissance and Security Operations*. 01 July 2015. FM 3-99. *Airborne and Air Assault Operations*. 06 March 2015. FM 4-0. *Sustainment Operations*. 31 July 2019. FM 4-01. *Army Transportation Operations*. 03 April 2014. FM 4-02. *Army Health System*. 17 November 2020. FM 4-30. *Ordnance Operations*. 01 April 2014. FM 4-40. *Quartermaster Operations*. 22 October 2013. FM 6-0. *Commander and Staff Organization and Operations*. 05
May 2014.
FM 6-02. *Signal Support to Operations*. 13 September 2019.
FM 6-05/MCRP 3-30.4 [MCWP 3-36.1]/NTTP 3-05.19/AFTTP
3-2.73/USSOCOM Pub 3-33.
CF-SOF Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for
Conventional Forces and Special Operations Forces Integration,
Interoperability, and Interdependence. 04 April 2018.
FM 6-22. *Leader Development*. 30 June 2015. FM 6-27/MCTP 11-10C. The Commander's Handbook on the
Law of Land Warfare. 07 August 2019.
FM 7-0. *Train to Win in a Complex World*. 05 October 2016.
UNITED STATES LAW
The U.S.

Constitution available online at https://
www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDOC-110hdoc50/pdf/ CDOC-110hdoc50.pdf.

Most acts and public laws are available at http://
uscode.house.gov/.

Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Title 22, USC, Chapter 39),
as amended.
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Title 22, USC, Chapter 32), as
amended.
Title 10. USC. Section 401. Humanitarian and Civic Assistance
Provided in Conjunction with Military Operations.
Title 10. USC. Sections 12401 - 12408. National Guard
Members in Federal Service.
Title 32. USC. *National Guard*.
GENEVA CONVENTION
1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of
War.
Available
at
https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/
Military_Law/pdf/GC_1949-III.pdf.

## Prescribed Forms This Section Contains No Entries.

REFERENCED FORMS
Unless otherwise indicated, DA forms are available on the
Army Publishing Directorate (APD) Web site at https:// armypubs.army.mil/.
DA Form 2028. Recommended Changes to Publications and
Blank Forms.
By Order of the Secretary of the Army:
JAMES C. MCCONVILLE
General, United States Army Chief of Staff Official:
KATHLEEN S. MILLER
Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army
2106100
DISTRIBUTION:
Active Army, Army National Guard, and United States Army Reserve:
Distributed in electronic media only (EMO).