# Fm 1-02.1 Operational Terms

MARCH 2021
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes FM 1-02.1, dated 21 November 2019.

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site
(https://armypubs.army.mil/) and the Central Army Registry site
(https://atiam.train.army.mil/catalog/dashboard).

## Operational Terms Contents

Page
PREFACE........ iii
INTRODUCTION ........ v
Chapter 1
MILITARY TERMS ........ 1-1
Chapter 2
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND COUNTRY CODES ........ 2-1 Section I - Acronyms and Abbreviations ........ 2-1 Section II - Geographical Entity Codes ........ 2-23
REFERENCES ........ References-1

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## Preface

FM 1-02.1 constitutes approved Army doctrinal terminology for general use. The principal audience for this manual are all members of the profession of Arms. Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters serving as joint task force or multinational headquarters should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning the range of military operations and joint or multinational forces. Trainers and educators throughout the Army will also use this publication. Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure their decisions and actions comply with applicable U.S., international, and, in some cases, host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all echelons ensure their Soldiers operate in accordance with the law of war and the rules of engagement. This publication implements the following international agreements: STANAG 1059 (ED. 8). *Letter Codes for Geographical Entities*. 01 April 2004. STANAG 1241 (ED. 5). *NATO Standard Identity Description Structure for Tactical Use*. 06 April 2005. STANAG 3680 (ED. 5)/AAP-6 (2017) (2). *NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions (English and French)*. 07 February 2018. FM 1-02.1 uses joint terms where applicable. FM 1-02.1 applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated. The proponent of FM 1-02.1 is the United States Army Combined Arms Center. The preparing agency is the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate, United States Army Combined Arms Center. Send written comments and recommendations on DA Form 2028 (*Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms*) to Commander, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center and Fort Leavenworth, ATTN: ATZL MCD (FM 1-02.1), 300
McPherson Avenue, Fort Leavenworth, KS
66027
2337;
by email to usarmy.leavenworth.mccoe.mbx.cadd-org-mailbox@mail.mil; or submit an electronic DA Form 2028.

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## Introduction

This second edition of FM 1-02.1 compiles all Army terms and definitions approved for use in Army doctrinal publications, including ADPs, FMs, and ATPs. It also includes joint and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) terms used and listed in the glossaries of Army doctrinal publications as of September 2020. FM 1-02.1 also lists shortened forms (whether considered acronyms or abbreviations) approved for use in Army doctrinal publications. This publication is augmented by the military terms and symbols database, known as the Army Dictionary online. To maintain Army terminology current, the *Army Dictionary online* is updated monthly to reflect the latest operational term changes published in new editions of Army doctrine publications (To access the database, go to https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/index.jsp?pindex=207, and log in with a common access card.) This database is an official Department of Defense (DOD) Web site, maintained by the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate in collaboration with the Joint Staff Directorate for Joint Force Development, and is part of the Joint Doctrine, Education, and Training Electronic Information System. While the database includes the same joint terms appearing in FM 1-02.1, readers should consult the DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms for up-to-date joint terminology. When communicating instructions to subordinate units, commanders and staffs from company through corps echelons should use this publication as a dictionary of operational terms and military symbols. FM 1-02.1 is organized as follows: Chapter 1 presents defined terms. Chapter 2 presents acronyms, abbreviations, and country codes. The terminology entries in chapter 1 of this publication fall into three categories: Army only doctrine applicable definitions. Joint (DOD) definitions used in Army doctrine publications. NATO definitions used in Army doctrine publications. For each term and definition, a proponent publication is cited in parentheses after the definition.

Army only applicable doctrine definitions. The Army definition is preceded by "(Army)" if the term also has a joint definition that differs from the Army definition. (See the definition for "attack position" listed below.) If the term has no associated joint definition, the Army definition is not preceded by "(Army)". (See the definition for "situational understanding" listed below.) All Army-unique definitions must be followed by the proponent Army publication in parentheses, as in the following examples:
attack position - (Army) The last position an attacking force occupies or passes through before crossing the line of departure. (ADP 3-90)
situational understanding - The product of applying analysis and judgment to relevant information to determine the relationship among the operational and mission variables to facilitate decision making. (ADP 6-0)
Joint (DOD) defined terms that appear in glossaries of Army doctrine publications. Each joint definition is preceded by "(DOD)." A cross-reference such as "See ADP X-YY" follows the definition, signifying the publication discussing Army usage of the term, as in the following example:
airspace control - (DOD) Capabilities and procedures used to increase operational effectiveness by promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, ADP 5-0, FM 3-52, and FM 3-90-1.

## Introduction

NATO defined terms that appear in glossaries of Army publications. Each NATO definition is preceded by
"(NATO)." A cross-reference such as "Referenced in ADP X-YY" follows the definition, signifying the publication discussing Army usage of the term, as in the following example:
explosive ordnance disposal incident - (NATO) The suspected or detected presence of unexploded explosive ordnance, or damaged explosive ordnance, which constitutes a hazard to operations, installations, personnel or material. Not included in this definition are the accidental arming or other conditions that develop during the manufacture of high explosive material, technical service assembly operations or the laying of mines and demolition charges. (STANAG 3680) Referenced in ATP 4-32.

DOD and NATO terms with multiple definitions. The related definition number will precede the definition to denote the definition or definitions applicable to Army doctrine. For example the DOD term "demonstration" has two different definitions (1 and 2) for this term, and the Army only uses definition number 2 in doctrine:
demonstration - (DOD) 2. In military deception, a show of force in an area where a decision is not sought that is made to deceive an adversary. It is similar to a feint but no actual contact with the adversary is intended. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-90-1. In addition, two other descriptors may appear after a definition:


Also called.

See also.
Also called. If a term has a shortened form (acronym or abbreviation) approved for doctrinal use, the shortened form appears after the definition, preceded by also called, as in the following example:
after action review - A guided analysis of an organization's performance, conducted at appropriate times during and at the conclusion of a training event or operation with the objective of improving future performance. It includes a facilitator, event participants, and other observers. Also called AAR. (FM 7-0)
See also. If related terms are defined elsewhere in FM 1-02.1, they are cross-referenced after the definition.

The related terms are bolded and preceded by "See also," as in the following example:
area security - A security task conducted to protect friendly forces, installation routes, and actions within a specific area. (ADP 3-90) See also **area reconnaissance**.

The acronym and abbreviation entries listed in section I of chapter 2 are Army and joint. Shortened forms applicable only to Army doctrine are shown in boldface, to distinguish Army from joint usage. Acronyms are added to FM 1-02.1 and the online "Army Dictionary" when a defined term has an associated acronym or if an acronym has doctrinal cross branch or functional usage. The cross branch usage criterion for considering an acronym for inclusion is that it must appear in two or more doctrinal publications that are not branch specific or related.

## Chapter 1 Military Terms

This chapter presents military terms currently used in Army doctrine.

## A

access control point - A corridor at the installation entrance through which all vehicles and pedestrians must
pass when entering or exiting the installation. (ATP 3-39.32)
actions on contact - A series of combat actions, often conducted simultaneously, taken upon contact with the
enemy to develop the situation. (ADP 3-90)
active - A descriptor that identifies an established kill box that has a fires and airspace status affecting aircraft
and fires operating in the kill box. (ATP 3-09.34)
active defense - (DOD) The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested
area or position to the enemy. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-01.94.
act of mercy - (DOD) In personnel recovery, assistance rendered to evaders by an individual or elements of the
local population who sympathize or empathize with the evaders' cause or plight. See also evader; evasion;
recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.22.
administrative contracting officer - (DOD) Contracting officers whose primary duties involve contract
administration. Also called ACO. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
administrative control - (DOD) Direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other organizations in
respect to administration and support. Also called ADCON. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 1-04, FM 3-0, FM 3-94, FM 4-0, FM 6-0, ATP 3-53.1.
administrative movement - A movement in which troops and vehicles are arranged to expedite their
movement and conserve time and energy when no enemy ground interference is anticipated. (ADP 3-90)
advance force operations - Operations conducted to refine the location of specific, identified targets and
further develop the operational environment for near-term missions. Also called AFO. (FM 1-02.1)
advanced operations base - A small, temporary base established near or within a joint operations area to
command, control, and support special operations training or tactical operations. (ADP 3-05)
advanced trauma management - Resuscitative and stabilizing medical or surgical treatment provided to
patients to save life or limb and to prepare them for further evacuation without jeopardizing their well-being or prolonging the state of their condition. (FM 4-02)
adversary - (DOD) A party acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of
force may be envisaged. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, FM 2-0, FM 3-0, FM 4-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-53, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-20.97, ATP 3-20.98, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-53.2.
aerial delivery - The air transport of cargo, equipment and/or personnel to a desired location on the ground by
aircraft. (ATP 4-48)
aerial port - (DOD) An airfield that has been designated for the sustained air movement of personnel and
materiel, as well as an authorized port for entrance into or departure from the country where located . Also called APORT. See also port of debarkation, port of embarkation. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-17.2.
aeromedical evacuation - (DOD) The movement of patients under medical supervision to and between
medical treatment facilities by air transportation. Also called AE. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 4-02.2.
after action review - A guided analysis of an organization's performance, conducted at appropriate times
during and at the conclusion of a training event or operation with the objective of improving future performance. It includes a facilitator, event participants, and other observers. Also called AAR. (FM 7-0)
aimpoint - (DOD) 1. A point associated with a target and assigned for a specific weapon impact. (JP 3-60)
Referenced in FM 3-12, FM 3-14.
air and missile defense - (DOD) Direct [active and passive] defensive actions taken to destroy, nullify, or
reduce the effectiveness of hostile air and ballistic missile threats against friendly forces and assets. Also called AMD. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87, ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-96.1.
air apportionment - (DOD) The determination and assignment of the total expected effort by percentage
and/or by priority that should be devoted to the various air operations for a given period of time. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-52.2.
air assault - (DOD) The movement of friendly assault forces by rotary-wing or tiltrotor aircraft to engage and
destroy enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. See also assault. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 3-99, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.98.
air assault force - (DOD) A force composed primarily of ground and rotary-wing air units organized,
equipped, and trained for air assault operations. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-99.
air assault operation - (DOD) An operation in which assault forces, using the mobility of rotary-wing or
tiltrotor aircraft and the total integration of available fires, maneuver under the control of a ground or air maneuver commander to engage enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-96, FM 3-99.
airborne assault - (DOD) The use of airborne forces to parachute into an objective area to attack and eliminate
armed resistance and secure designated objectives. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-96, FM 3-99, ATP 3-21.90.
airborne mission coordinator - (DOD) The designated individual that serves as an airborne extension of the
component commander or supported commander responsible for the personnel recovery mission. Also called AMC. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-55.6.
airborne operation - (DOD) An operation involving the air movement into an objective area of combat forces
and their logistic support for execution of a tactical, operational, or strategic mission. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-96, FM 3-99, ATP 3-21.90.
air corridor - (DOD) A restricted air route of travel specified for use by friendly aircraft and established for
the purpose of preventing friendly aircraft from being fired on by friendly forces. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ATP 3-21.90.
air defense - (DOD) Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the
atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. Also called AD. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.18, ATP 3-01.48.
air defense artillery - (DOD) Weapons and equipment for actively combating air targets from the ground.
Also called ADA. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.48, ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87.
air defense region - (DOD) A geographical subdivision of an air defense area. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP
3-01.15.
air defense sector - (DOD) A geographical subdivision of an air defense region. (JP 3-01) Referenced in
ATP 3-01.15.
air defense warning condition - (DOD) An air defense warning given in the form of a color code
corresponding to the degree of air raid probability with yellow standing for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is probable; red for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is imminent or is in progress; and white for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is improbable. Also called ADWC. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15.
air domain - (DOD) The atmosphere, beginning at the Earth's surface, extending to the altitude where its
effects upon operations become negligible. (JP 3-30) Referenced in ADP 3-19, ATP 2-01.3.
airdrop - (DOD) The unloading of personnel or materiel from aircraft in flight. (JP 3-36) Referenced in
ATP 4-48.
airfield - (DOD) An area prepared for the accommodation (including any buildings, installations, and
equipment), landing, and takeoff of aircraft. See also departure airfield; landing area; landing site. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 3-99, ATP 3-17.2.
air-ground operations - The simultaneous or synchronized employment of ground forces with aviation
maneuver and fires to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative. Also called AGO. (FM 3-04)
airhead - (DOD) A lodgment that, when seized and held, ensures the continuous air landing of troops and
materiel and provides the maneuver space necessary for projected operations. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-99.
airhead line - (DOD) A line denoting the limits of the objective area for an airborne assault. (JP 3-18)
Referenced in FM 3-99.
air interdiction - (DOD) Air operations conducted to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy's military
surface capabilities before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives that are conducted at such distances from friendly forces that detailed integration of each Air mission with the fire and movement of friendly forces is not required. Also called AI. (JP 3-03)
Referenced in ADP 3-19, FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2,
ATP 3-91.1.
airland - (DOD) Move by air and disembark, or unload, after the aircraft has landed or while an aircraft is
hovering. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ATP 3-18.1, ATP 4-48.
air liaison officer - (DOD) The senior tactical air control party member attached to a ground unit who
functions as the primary advisor to the ground commander on air power. Also called ALO. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 4-01, FM 6-05, ATP 3-09.42.
Air Mobility Command - (DOD) The Air Force component command of the United States Transportation
Command. Also called AMC. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01.
air movement - (DOD) Air transport of units, personnel, supplies, and equipment including airdrops and air
landings. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 3-99, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 4-48.
air movements - (Army) Operations involving the use of utility and cargo rotary-wing assets for other than air
assaults. (FM 3-90-2)
airspace control - (DOD) Capabilities and procedures used to increase operational effectiveness by promoting
the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, ADP 5-0,
FM 3-0, FM 3-52, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-52.1, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-96.1.
airspace control authority - (DOD) The commander designated to assume overall responsibility for the
operation of the airspace control system in the airspace control area. Also called ACA. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-01, FM 3-09, FM 3-52, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-52.1, ATP 3-52.2.
airspace control order - (DOD) An order implementing the airspace control plan that provides the details of
the approved requests for airspace coordinating measures . Also called ACO. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-52, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-60.2.
airspace control plan - (DOD) The document approved by the joint force commander that provides specific
planning guidance and procedures for the airspace control system for the joint force operational area. Also called ACP. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-01, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-52.1, ATP 3-52.2.
airspace control system - (DOD) An arrangement of those organizations, personnel, policies, procedures, and
facilities required to perform airspace control functions. Also called ACS. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-52.
airspace coordinating measures - (DOD) Measures employed to facilitate the efficient use of airspace to
accomplish missions and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Also called ACM.
(JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-52, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87. ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3--52.1, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-91.1.
airspace coordination area - (DOD) A three-dimensional block of airspace in a target area, established by the
appropriate ground commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. Also called ACA. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-99, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-91.1.
airspace management - (DOD) The coordination, integration, and regulation of the use of airspace of defined
dimensions. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-52, FM 3-96, ATP 3-01.81.
air support operations center - (DOD) The principal air control agency of the theater air control system
responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat element. Also called ASOC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-60.2.
air tasking order - (DOD) A method used to task and disseminate to components, subordinate units, and
command and control agencies projected sorties, capabilities and/or forces to targets and specific missions. Also called ATO. (JP 3-30) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-60.2.
air terminal - (DOD) A facility on an airfield that functions as an air transportation hub and accommodates the
loading and unloading of airlift aircraft and the intransit processing of traffic. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ATP 4-13.
alkalinity - The content of carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides, and occasionally berates, silicates, and
phosphates in water. (ATP 4-44)
alliance - (DOD) The relationship that results from a formal agreement between two or more nations for broad,
long-term objectives that further the common interests of the members. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-16, FM 4-0.
allocation - (DOD) 1. Distribution of limited forces and resources for employment among competing
requirements. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 2-01.
all-source intelligence - (DOD) 1. Intelligence products and/or organizations and activities that incorporate all
sources of information in the production of finished intelligence. Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, ATP 3-90.1. 2. In intelligence collection, a phrase that indicates that in the satisfaction of intelligence requirements, all collection, processing, exploitation, and reporting systems and resources are
identified for possible use and those most capable are tasked. See also **intelligence**. (JP 2-0) Referenced in
ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-90.1. (Army) The integration of intelligence and information from all relevant sources in order to analyze situations or conditions that impact operations. (ADP 2-0)
alternate position - A defensive position that the commander assigns to a unit or weapon for occupation when
the primary position becomes untenable or unsuitable for carrying out the assigned task. (ADP 3-90)
alternate supply route - A route or routes designated within an area of operations to provide for the movement
of traffic when main supply routes become disabled or congested. Also called ASR. (FM 4-01) See also
area of operations, **main supply route**.
altitude - The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from mean sea
level. (ATP 3-09.30)
ambulance control point - A manned traffic regulating, often stationed at a crossroad or road junction, where
ambulances are directed to one of two or more directions to reach loading points and medical treatment facilities. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambulance exchange point - A location where a patient is transferred from one ambulance to another en route
to a medical treatment facility. Also called AXP. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambulance loading point - This is the point in the shuttle system where one or more ambulances are stationed
ready to receive patients for evacuation. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambulance relay point - A point in the shuttle system where one or more empty ambulances are stationed to
advance to a loading point or to the next relay post to replace departed ambulances. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambulance shuttle system - A system consisting of one or more ambulance loading points, relay points, and
when necessary, ambulance control points, all echeloned forward from the principal group of ambulances, the company location, or basic relay points as tactically required. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambush - An attack by fire or other destructive means from concealed positions on a moving or temporarily
halted enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
ammunition load - A support package designed or tailored specifically for munitions operations. (ATP 4-35)
ammunition supply point - An ammunition support activity operated by one or more modular ammunition
platoons. (ATP 4-35)
ammunition support activity - Locations that are designated to receive, store, maintain, and provide
munitions support to Army forces. (FM 4-30)
ammunition transfer holding point - A designated site operated by a brigade support battalion distribution
company where ammunition is received, transferred, or temporarily stored to supported units within a brigade combat team. Also called ATHP. (ATP 4-35)
amphibious operation - (DOD) A military operation launched from the sea by an amphibious force to conduct
landing force operations within the littorals. Also called PHIBOP. (JP 3-02) Referenced in ATP 3-90.98.
antiaccess - (DOD) Action, activity, or capability, usually long-range, designed to prevent an advancing enemy
force from entering an operational area. Also called A2. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-14.
anticipation - The ability to foresee events and requirements and initiate necessary actions that most
appropriately satisfy a response without waiting for operation orders or fragmentary orders. (ADP 4-0)
Antideficiency Act violations - (DOD) The incurring of obligations or the making of expenditure (outlays) in
violation of appropriation law as to purpose, time, and amounts as specified in the defense appropriation or appropriations of funds. (JP 3-80) Referenced in ATP 1-06.2.
antiradiation missile - (DOD) A missile which homes passively on a radiation source. Also called ARM.
(JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87.
antiterrorism - (DOD) Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to
terrorist acts, to include rapid containment by local military and civilian forces. Also called AT. (JP 3-26)
Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
apportionment - (DOD) The quantities of force capabilities and resources provided for planning purposes
only, but not necessarily an identification of the actual forces that may be allocated for use when a plan transitions to execution. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-52.2.
approach march - The advance of a combat unit when direct contact with the enemy is intended. (ADP 3-90) area air defense commander - (DOD) The component commander with the preponderance of air defense
capability and the required command, control, and communications capabilities who is assigned by the joint force commander to plan and execute integrated air defense operations. Also called AADC. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-01, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-52.2.
area command - In unconventional warfare, the irregular organizational structure established within an
unconventional warfare operational area to command and control irregular forces advised by Army Special Forces. (ATP 3-05.1)
area complex - A clandestine, dispersed network of facilities to support resistance activities in a given area
designed to achieve security, control, dispersion, and flexibility. (ATP 3-18.1)
area defense - A type of defensive operation that concentrates on denying enemy forces access to designated
terrain for a specific time rather than destroying the enemy outright. (ADP 3-90)
area denial - (DOD) Action, activity, or capability, usually short-range, designed to limit an enemy force's
freedom of action within an operational area. Also called AD. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-14.
area of influence - (DOD) A geographical area wherein a commander is directly capable of influencing
operations by maneuver or fire support systems normally under the commander's command or control. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-94, FM 4-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-20.15, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-94.2, FM 3-96, ATP 6-02.2.
area of interest - (DOD) That area of concern to the commander, including the area of influence, areas
adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory. Also called AOI. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-01.64, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-20.15, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 4-02.55, ATP 5-0.1, ATP 6-02.2.
area of operations - (DOD) An operational area defined by the joint force commander for land and maritime
forces that should be large enough to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. Also called AO. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-52, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, FM 4-40, FM 6-05, ATP 1-06.3, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-01.64, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-20.15, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-20.15, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 4-02.2, ATP 4-02.55, ATP 4-94, ATP 6-02.2.
area of responsibility - (DOD) The geographical area associated with a combatant command within which a
geographic combatant commander has authority to plan and conduct operations. Also called AOR. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 4-43.
area reconnaissance - A type of reconnaissance operation that focuses on obtaining detailed information about
the terrain or enemy activity within a prescribed area. (ADP 3-90)
area search - (DOD) Visual reconnaissance of limited or defined areas. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10. area security - A type of security operation conducted to protect friendly forces, lines of communications
installation routes, and actions within a specific area. (ADP 3-90)
area support - Method of logistics, medical support, and personnel services in which support relationships are
determined by the location of the units requiring support. Sustainment units provide support to units located in or passing through their assigned areas. (ATP 4-90)
ARFOR - The Army component and senior Army headquarters of all Army forces assigned or attached to a
combatant command, subordinate joint force command, joint functional command, or multinational command. (FM 3-94)
Army core competencies - The Army's essential and enduring capabilities that define the Army's fundamental
contributions to the Nation's security. (ADP 1-01)
Army design methodology - A methodology for applying critical and creative thinking to understand,
visualize, and describe problems and approaches to solving them. (ADP 5-0)
Army doctrine - Fundamental principles, with supporting tactics, techniques, procedures, and terms and
symbols, used for the conduct of operations and as a guide for actions of operating forces, and elements of the institutional force that directly support operations in support of national objectives. (ADP 1-01)
Army Health System - A component of the Military Health System that is responsible for operational
management of the health service support and force health protection missions for training, predeployment, deployment, and postdeployment operations. Army Health System includes all mission support services performed, provided, or arranged by the Army Medical Department to support health service support and force health protection mission requirements for the Army and as directed, for joint, intergovernmental agencies, coalition, and multinational forces. (FM 4-02)
Army leader - Anyone who by virtue of assumed role or assigned responsibility inspires and influences people
by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish the mission and improve the organization. (ADP 6-22)
Army personnel recovery - The military efforts taken to prepare for and execute the recovery and
reintegration of isolated personnel. (FM 3-50)
Army Profession - A vocation of Soldiers and Department of the Army Civilians whose collective expertise is
the ethical design of, support to, and application of landpower; serving under civilian authority; and entrusted to defend the Constitution and the rights and interests of the American people. (ADP 6-22)
Army requirements review board - The Army force commander's established board to review, validate,
approve, and prioritize selected contract support requests. Also called ARRB. (ATP 4-92)
Army Service component command - (DOD) Command responsible for recommendations to the joint force
Commander on the allocation and employment of Army forces within a combatant command. Also called ASCC. (JP 3-31) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-94, ATP 3-94.1.
Army special operations aviation - Designated Active Component forces and units organized, trained, and
equipped specifically to conduct air mobility, close air support, and other special air operations. (ADP 3-05)
Army special operations forces - (DOD) Those Active and Reserve Component Army forces designated by
the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called ARSOF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-18, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-75, ATP 3-76.
Army team building - A continuous process of enabling a group of people to reach their goals and improve
their effectiveness through leadership and various exercises, activities and techniques. (FM 6-22)
artillery target intelligence zone - An area in enemy territory that the commander wishes to monitor closely.
(FM 3-09)
art of tactics - Three interrelated aspects: the creative and flexible array of means to accomplish assigned
missions, decision making under conditions of uncertainty when faced with a thinking and adaptive enemy, and the understanding of the effects of combat on Soldiers. (ADP 3-90)
assailable flank - A flank exposed to attack or envelopment. (ADP 3-90) assault echelon - (Army) The element of a force that is scheduled for initial assault on the objective area.
(FM 1-02.1)
assault position - A covered and concealed position short of the objective from which final preparations are
made to assault the objective. (ADP 3-90)
assault time - The moment to attack the initial objective throughout the geographical scope of the operation.
(ADP 3-90)
assembly area - (Army) An area a unit occupies to prepare for an operation. (FM 3-90-1) assembly line rigging - A method of mass rigging designed to get the maximum amount of equipment rigged
for airdrop in a minimum amount of time. (ATP 4-48)
assessment - (DOD) 1. A continuous process that measures the overall effectiveness of employing joint force
capabilities during military operations. Referenced in FM 1-05, FM 3-07, FM 3-24. 2, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-07.31. 2. Determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or achieving an objective. Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, FM 3-13, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, FM 6-0, FM 7-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-13, ATP 5-0.1, ATP 6-0.5, ATP 6-01.1. 3. Analysis of the security, effectiveness, and potential of an existing or planned intelligence activity. 4. Judgment of the motives, qualifications, and characteristics of present or prospective employees or "agents." (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-07, ATP 3-01.7.
assessor - Technical expert who can evaluate aircraft battle damage. (ATP 3-04.13)
asset visibility - (DOD) Provides users with information on the location, movement, status and identity of
units, personnel, equipment, and supplies. Also called AV. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-35, ATP 4-0.1.
assign - (DOD) 1. To place units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively permanent,
and/or where such organization controls and administers the units or personnel for the primary function, or
greater portion of the functions, of the unit or personnel. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0.
assumption - (DOD) A specific supposition of the operational environment that is assumed to be true, in the
absence of positive proof, essential for the continuation of planning. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 5-0.1.
assured mobility - A frameworkof processes, actions, and capabilitiesthat assures the ability of a force to
deploy, move, and maneuver where and when desired to achieve the commander's intent. (ATP 3-90.4)
attach - (DOD) 1. The placement of units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively
temporary. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.90.
attack - A type of offensive operation that destroys or defeats enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both.
(ADP 3-90)
attack by fire - A tactical mission task in which a commander uses direct fires, supported by indirect fires, to
engage an enemy force without closing with the enemy to destroy, suppress, fix, or deceive that enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
attack by fire position - The general position from which a unit performs the tactical task of attack by fire.
(ADP 3-90)
attack guidance matrix - A targeting product approved by the commander, which addresses the how and when
targets are engaged and the desired effects. Also called AGM. (ATP 3-60)
attack position - (Army) The last position an attacking force occupies or passes through before crossing the
line of departure. (ADP 3-90)
authentication - (DOD) 1. A security measure designed to protect a communications system against
acceptance of a fraudulent transmission or simulation by establishing the validity of a transmission, message, or originator. Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22, ATP 6-02.53. 2. A means of identifying individuals and verifying their eligibility to receive specific categories of information. Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22, ATP 6-02.53. 3. Evidence by proper signature or seal that a document is genuine and official. Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22, ATP 6-02.53. 4. In personnel recovery missions, the process whereby the identity of an isolated person is confirmed. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.3, ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22, ATP 6-02.53.
auxiliary - For the purpose of unconventional warfare, the support element of the irregular organization whose
organization and operations are clandestine in nature and whose members do not openly indicate their sympathy or involvement with the irregular movement. (ADP 3-05)
avenue of approach - (DOD) An air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading to its
objective or to key terrain in its path. Also called AA. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 6-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4. (Army) A path used by an attacking force leading to its objective or to key terrain. Avenues of approach exist in all domains. (ADP 3-90)
axis of advance - (Army) The general area through which the bulk of a unit's combat power must move.
(ADP 3-90)
azimuth - A horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line that could be true north, magnetic
north, or grid north. (ATP 3-09.50)
azimuth of fire - The direction, expressed in mils, that a firing unit is laid (oriented) on when it occupies a
position. (ATP 3-09.50)
azimuth of the orienting line - The direction from the orienting station to a designated end of the orienting
line. (ATP 3-09.50)

## B

back-azimuth - The direction equal to the azimuth plus or minus 3200 mils. (ATP 3-09.50) backbrief - A briefing by subordinates to the commander to review how subordinates intend to accomplish
their mission. (FM 6-0)
ballistic missile - (DOD) Any missile which does not rely upon aerodynamic surfaces to produce lift and
consequently follows a ballistic trajectory when thrust is terminated. Also called BM. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.5.
banking support - The provision of cash, non-cash and electronic commerce mechanisms necessary to support
the theater procurement process and host nation banking infrastructure. (FM 1-06)
base - (DOD) 1. A locality from which operations are projected or supported. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0,
FM 3-14, FM 4-0, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-90.20, ATP 3-91, ATP 4-94.
base boundary - (DOD) A line that delineates the surface area of a base for the purpose of facilitating
coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas. (JP 3-10)
Referenced in ATP 3-90.20.
base camp - An evolving military facility that supports that military operations of a deployed unit and provides
the necessary support and services for sustained operations. (ATP 3-37.10)
base cluster - (DOD) A collection of bases, geographically grouped for mutual protection and ease of
command and control . (JP 3-10) Referenced in ATP 3-17.2, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-90.20, ATP 3-91, ATP 4-93.
base cluster operations center - (DOD) A command and control facility that serves as the base cluster
commander's focal point for defense and security of the base cluster. Also called BCOC. (JP 3-10) Referenced in ATP 3-90.20.
base defense - (DOD) The local military measures, both normal and emergency, required to nullify or reduce
the effectiveness of enemy attacks on, or sabotage of, a base, to ensure that the maximum capacity of its facilities is available to United States forces. (JP 3-10) Referenced in ADP 3-37, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.20, ATP 3-91.
base defense operations center - (DOD) A command and control facility established by the base commander
to serve as the focal point for base security and defense. Also called BDOC. (JP 3-10) Referenced in ATP 3-90.20.
base defense operations - The combined activities of counterintelligence, security, military police, emergency
responders, antiterrorism and force protection working groups, and the commander to deny, disrupt, or counter foreign intelligence entities, insider, and other threats targeting United States bases and facilities. Also called BDO. (ATP 2-22.2-1)
basic load - (DOD) The quantity of supplies required to be on hand within, and moved by a unit or formation,
expressed according to the wartime organization of the unit or formation and maintained at the prescribed levels. (JP 4-09). Referenced in ADP 3-90, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 4-35.
battalion - A unit consisting of two or more company-, battery-, or troop-size units and a headquarters.
(ADP 3-90)
battalion aid station - The forward-most medically staffed treatment location organic to a maneuver battalion.
(ATP 4-02.3)
battalion task force - A maneuver battalion-size unit consisting of a battalion headquarters, at least one
assigned company-size element, and at least one attached company-size element from another maneuver or support unit (functional and multifunctional). (ADP 3-90)
battery - A company-size unit in a field artillery or air defense artillery battalion. (ADP 3-90) battle - A set of related engagements that lasts longer and involves larger forces than an engagement.
(ADP 3-90)
battle damage assessment - (DOD) The estimate of damage composed of physical and functional damage
assessment, as well as target system assessment, resulting from the application of lethal or nonlethal military force. Also called BDA. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2.
battle drill - Rehearsed and well understood actions made in response to common battlefield occurrences.
(ADP 3-90)
battlefield coordination detachment - (DOD) An Army liaison located in the air operations center that
provides selected operational functions between the Army forces and the air component commander. Also called BCD. (JP 3-03) Referenced in FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-09.13, ATP 3-60.2.
battle handover line - A designated phase line where responsibility transitions from the stationary force to the
moving force and vice versa. Also called BHL. (ADP 3-90)
battle injury - (DOD) Damage or harm sustained by personnel during or as a result of battle conditions. Also
called BI. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 4-02.55.
battle management - (DOD) The management activities within the operational environment based on the
commands, direction, and guidance given by appropriate authority. Also called BM. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.3, ATP 3-52.2.
battle position - 1. A defensive location oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach. (ADP 3-90) 2. For
attack helicopters, an area designated in which they can maneuver and fire into a designated engagement
area or engage targets of opportunity. Also called BP. (FM 1-02.1) See also **airspace coordination area**, avenue of approach.
battle rhythm - (DOD) A deliberate, daily schedule of command, staff, and unit activities intended to
maximize use of time and synchronize staff actions. (JP 3-33) Referenced in ADP 5-0, ATP 3-96.1. (Army) A deliberate cycle of command, staff, and unit activities intended to synchronize current and future operations. (FM 6-0)
beach capacity - The per day estimate expressed in terms of measurement tons, weight tons, or cargo unloaded
over a designated strip of shore. (ATP 4-13)
begin morning civil twilight - (DOD) The period of time at which the sun is halfway between beginning
morning and nautical twilight and sunrise, when there is enough light to see objects clearly with the unaided eye. Also called BMCT. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
begin morning nautical twilight - (DOD) The start of that period where, in good conditions and in the absence
of other illumination, the sun is 12 degrees below the eastern horizon and enough light is available to identify the general outlines of ground objects and conduct limited military operations. Also called BMNT. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
be-prepared mission - A mission assigned to a unit that might be executed. (FM 6-0) See also **on-order**
mission.
biological agent - (DOD) A microorganism (or a toxin derived from it) that causes disease in personnel, plants,
or animals or causes the deterioration of materiel. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-90.98.
biological hazard - (DOD) An organism, or substance derived from an organism, that poses a threat to human
or animal health. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20.
biometrics - (DOD) The process of recognizing an individual based on measurable anatomical, physiological,
and behavioral characteristics. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, ATP 2-22.82, ATP 3-55.4, ATP 3-90.15, ATP 3-90.98.
biometrics-enabled intelligence - (Army) Intelligence resulting from the combination of biometric
information with other intelligence, threat information, or information relating to other aspects of the operational environment in order to answer intelligence requirements. Also called BEI. (ATP 2-22.82)
blister agent - (DOD) A chemical agent that injures the eyes and lungs, and burns or blisters the skin. Also
called vesicant agent. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
block - A tactical mission task that denies the enemy access to an area or prevents the enemy's advance in a
direction or along an avenue of approach. Block is also an obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to stop an attacker along a specific avenue of approach or to prevent the attacking force from
passing through an engagement area. (FM 3-90-1) See also avenue of approach, contain, disrupt, fix,
tactical mission task, **turn**.
blood agent - (DOD) A chemical compound, including the cyanide group, that affects bodily functions by
preventing the normal utilization of oxygen by body tissues. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 4-02.85.
blood chit - (DOD) A small sheet of material depicting an American flag and a statement in several languages
to the effect that anyone assisting the bearer to safety will be rewarded. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.22.
blue kill box - A fire support and airspace coordination measure that facilitates attacking surface targets with
air-to-surface munitions without further coordination with the area of operations commander' headquarters. Also called BKB. (ATP 3-09.34)
board - A grouping of predetermined staff representatives with delegated decision authority for a particular
purpose or function. (FM 6-0) See also working group, **battle rhythm**.
boost phase - (DOD) That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile or space vehicle during which the booster
and sustainer engines operate. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5.
boundary - (DOD) A line that delineates surface areas for the purpose of facilitating coordination and
deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.48, ATP 3-21.90.
bounding overwatch - A movement technique used when contact with enemy forces is expected. The unit
moves by bounds. One element is always halted in position to overwatch another element while it moves. The overwatching element is positioned to support the moving unit by fire or fire and movement. (FM 3-90-2)
box formation - A unit formation with subordinate elements arranged in a box or square, or two elements up
and two elements back. It is a flexible formation that provides equal firepower in all directions. It is generally used when the enemy location is known. This formation can cause 50 percent of force to be decisively engaged at the same time, therefore limiting the combat power available to maneuver against an
enemy. (FM 3-90-1) See also column formation, **echelon formation**.
branch - (DOD) 1. A subdivision of any organization. Referenced in FM 3-07. 2. A geographically separate
unit of an activity, which performs all or part of the primary functions of the parent activity on a smaller scale. Referenced in FM 3-07. 3. An arm or service of the Army. Referenced in FM 3-07. 4. The contingency options built into the base plan used for changing the mission, orientation, or direction of movement of a force to aid success of the operation based on anticipated events, opportunities, or
disruptions caused by enemy actions and reactions. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-07, ADP 5-0, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-01.16.
breach - 1. A tactical mission task in which the unit employs all available means to break through or establish a
passage through an enemy defense, obstacle, minefield, or fortification. (FM 3-90-1) 2. Synchronized combined arms activity under the control of the maneuver commander conducted to allow maneuver through an obstacle. (ATP 3-90.4)
breach area - The area where a breaching operation occurs. (ATP 3-90.4) breakbulk ship - (DOD) A ship with conventional holds for stowage of breakbulk cargo and a limited number
of containers, below or above deck, and equipped with cargo-handling gear. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
breakout - An operation conducted by an encircled force to regain freedom of movement or contact with
friendly units. (ADP 3-90)
breakpoint chlorination - The application of chlorine to water containing free ammonia. (ATP 4-44)
breakthrough - A rupturing of the enemy's forward defenses that occurs as a result of a penetration. A
breakthrough permits the passage of an exploitation force. (FM 3-90-1) See also attack, **exploitation**, penetration.
bridgehead - An area on the enemy's side of the linear obstacle that is large enough to accommodate the
majority of the crossing force, has adequate terrain to permit defense of the crossing sites, provides security
of crossing forces from enemy direct fire, and provides a base for continuing the attack. (ATP 3-90.4)
bridgehead force - A force that assaults across a gap to secure the enemy side (the bridgehead) to allow the
buildup and passage of a breakout force during gap crossing. (ATP 3-90.4)
brigade - A unit consisting of two or more battalions and a headquarters company or detachment. (ADP 3-90) brigade combat team - (Army) A combined arms organization consisting of a brigade headquarters, at least
two maneuver battalions, and necessary supporting functional capabilities. Also called BCT. (ADP 3-90)
brigade support area - A designated area in which sustainment elements locate to provide support to a
brigade. Also called BSA. (ATP 4-90)
buffer zone - (DOD) 1. A defined area controlled by a peace operations force from which disputing or
belligerent forces have been excluded. Also called area of separation in some United Nations operations. Also called BZ. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
bypass - A tactical mission task in which the commander directs the unit to maneuver around an obstacle,
position, or enemy force to maintain the momentum of the operation while deliberately avoiding combat
with an enemy force. (FM 3-90-1) See also **tactical mission task**.
bypass criteria - Measures established by higher echelon headquarters that specify the conditions and size
under which enemy units and contact may be avoided. (ADP 3-90)

## C

cache - (DOD) A source of subsistence and supplies, typically containing items such as food, water, medical
items, and/or communications equipment, packaged to prevent damage from exposure and hidden in isolated locations by such methods as burial, concealment, and/or submersion, to support isolated personnel. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-50.10.
call for fire - A request for fire containing data necessary for obtaining the required fire on a target. (FM 3-09) call for fire zone - A radar search area from which the commander wants to attack hostile firing systems.
(FM 3-09)
call forward area - (Army) 1. In gap crossing, the final preparations waiting area within the crossing area
(Marine Corps) 2. The area at the departure airfield where plane loads are assembled in a ready condition before being directed to the loading ramp area. The joint inspection is conducted in this area. (ATP 3-90.4)
call sign - (DOD) Any combination of characters or pronounceable words, which identifies a communication
facility, a command, an authority, an activity, or a unit; used primarily for establishing and maintaining communications. Also called CS. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 6-02.53.
campaign - (DOD) A series of related major operations aimed at achieving strategic and operational objectives
within a given time and space. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 4-0, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-92.
campaign plan - (DOD) A joint operation plan for a series of related major operations aimed at achieving
strategic or operational objectives within a given time and space. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 6-0.
canalize - (Army) A tactical mission task in which the commander restricts enemy movement to a narrow zone
by exploiting terrain coupled with the use of obstacles, fires, or friendly maneuver. (FM 3-90-1) See also
tactical mission task.
capacity building - The process of creating an environment that fosters host-nation institutional development,
community participation, human resources development, and strengthening of managerial systems. (FM 3-07)
captivity exploitation - The captor's effort to achieve its goals and objectives through the use of propaganda,
interrogation, legal justification, concessions, reprisal, indoctrination, and forced labor against captive
individuals or groups. (ATP 3-50.20)
captured enemy documents and media - Any piece of recorded information previously under enemy control
regardless of its formwritten, printed, engraved, and photographic matter as well as recorded media and
media devicesthat pertains to the enemy, weather, or terrain that are under the U.S. Government's physical control and are not publicly available. (ATP 2-91.8)
carrier-owned containers - Containers owned or leased by the ocean liner carrier for the movement of
intermodal cargo. (ATP 4-12)
casualty - (DOD) Any person who is lost to the organization by having been declared dead, duty status
whereabouts unknown, missing, ill, or injured. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 4-02.2, ATP 4-02.10, ATP 4-02.55.
casualty collection point A location that may or may not be staffed, where casualties are assembled for
evacuation to a medical treatment facility. (ATP 4-02.2)
casualty evacuation - (DOD) The unregulated movement of casualties that can include movement both to and
between medical treatment facilities. Also called CASEVAC. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 4-01.45. (Army) Nonmedical units use this to refer to the movement of casualties aboard nonmedical vehicles or aircraft without en route medical care. (FM 4-02)
catastrophic event - (DOD) Any natural or man-made incident, including terrorism, which results in
extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, infrastructure, environment, economy, national morale, and/or government functions. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
cell - (DOD) A subordinate organization formed around a specific process, capability, or activity within a
designated larger organization of a joint force commander's headquarters. (JP 3-33) Referenced in ATP 3-92.
C-day - (DOD) The unnamed day on which a deployment operation commences or is to commence. (JP 5-0)
Referenced in FM 4-01, FM 6-0.
center of gravity - (DOD) The source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or
will to act. Also called COG. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 3-24, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-92, ATP 5-0.1.
centralized control - (DOD) 1. In air defense, the control mode whereby a higher echelon makes direct target
assignments to fire units. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15.
censor zone - An area from which radar is prohibited from reporting acquisitions. Normally placed around
friendly weapon systems to prevent them from being acquired by friendly radars. (FM 3-09)
chain of command - (DOD) The succession of commanding officers from a superior to a subordinate through
which command is exercised. Also called command channel. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 6-0.
characteristic - A feature or quality that marks an organization or function as distinctive or is representative of
that organization or function. (ADP 1-01)
checkpoint - A predetermined point on the ground used to control movement, tactical maneuver, and
orientation. Also called CP. (ATP 3-50.20)
chemical agent - (DOD) A chemical substance that is intended for use in military operations to kill, seriously
injure, or incapacitate mainly through its physiological effects. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 4-02.85.
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense - (DOD) Measures taken to minimize or negate the
vulnerabilities and/or effects of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear hazard incident. Also called CBRN defense. (JP 3-11) Referenced in FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 4-02.84.
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environment - (DOD) An operational environment that
includes chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards and their potential resulting effects. Also called CBRN environment. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ADP 3-37, FM 3-96, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-11.32, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives - Components that are threats or potential hazards
with adverse effects in the operational environment. Also called CBRNE. (ATP 3-37.11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazard - (DOD) Chemical, biological, radiological, and
nuclear elements that could create adverse effects due to an accidental or deliberate release and dissemination. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20.
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear operations - Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
operations include the employment of capabilities that assess, protect against, and mitigate the entire range of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incidents to enable freedom of action. (FM 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear passive defense - Measures taken to prevent, minimize or
negate the vulnerability to, and effects of, chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear threats and hazards. Also called CBRN passive defense. (ATP 3-11.32)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear protection - Measures taken to keep chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards from having an adverse effect on personnel, equipment, and facilities. Also called CBRN protection. (ATP 3-11.32)
chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident - (DOD) Any occurrence, resulting from the use of
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons and devices; the emergence of secondary hazards arising from friendly actions; or the release of toxic industrial materials or biological organisms and substances into the environment, involving the emergence of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards . (JP 3-11) Referenced in ADP 3-28, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 4-02.3.
chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear sample management - Chemical, biological, radiological, or
nuclear sample management is the process whereby chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear samples are collected, packaged, transported, stored, transferred, analyzed, tracked, and disposed. It begins with the decision to collect chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear samples and continues to the reporting of information produced by the final analysis of that sample. This process includes safeguarding and prioritizing chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear samples, tracking their movements and analytical status, and reporting the end result of sample analysis. The chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear sample management process establishes procedures, guidelines, and constraints at staff and unit levels to protect and preserve the integrity of chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear samples that may have tactical, operational, and/or strategic implications. (ATP 3-11.37)
chemical hazard - (DOD) Any chemical manufactured, used, transported, or stored that can cause death or
other harm through toxic properties of those materials, including chemical agents and chemical weapons
prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention as well as toxic industrial chemicals. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-21.10, ATP 4-02.85.
chemical warfare - (DOD) All aspects of military operations involving the employment of lethal and
incapacitating chemical munitions/agents and the warning and protective measures associated with such offensive operations . Also called CW. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 4-02.85.
chemical weapon - (DOD) Together or separately, (a) a toxic chemical and its precursors, except when
intended for a purpose not prohibited under the chemical Weapons Convention; (b) a munition or device, specifically designed to cause death or other harm through toxic properties of those chemicals specified in (a), above, which would be released as a result of the employment of such munition or device; (c) any equipment specifically designed for use directly in connection with the employment of munitions or devices specified in (b), above. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
chief of fires - The senior fires staff officer at echelons above corps who advises the commander on the best
use of available fires resources, and provides input to necessary orders. (ADP 3-19)
chief of mission - (DOD) The principal officer in charge of a diplomatic facility of the United States, including
any individual temporarily assigned to be in charge of such a facility. Also called COM. (JP 3-08) Referenced in FM 3-53.
chief train dispatcher - Supervises train movement, reroutes rail traffic in emergencies, determines train
tonnage, orders motive power, determines rail line capacity, and establishes train movement priority.
(ATP 4-14)
choking agent - A chemical warfare agent which produces irritation to the eyes and upper respiratory tract and
damage to the lungs, primarily causing pulmonary edema. Also known as lung-damaging agent. (ATP 4-02.85)
civil administration - (DOD) An administration established by a foreign government in (1) friendly territory,
under an agreement with the government of the area concerned, to exercise certain authority normally the function of the local government; or (2) hostile territory, occupied by United States forces, where a foreign government exercises executive, legislative, and judicial authority until an indigenous civil government can be established. Also called CA. (JP 3-05) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80.
civil affairs - (DOD) Designated Active and Reserve Component forces and units organized, trained, and
equipped specifically to conduct civil affairs operations and to support civil-military operations. Also called CA. (JP 3-57) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-18, FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80.
civil affairs activities - Activities specifically planned, executed, and assessed by civil affairs forces, that
support the commander in order to synchronize, coordinate, and integrate indigenous populations and institutions, unified action partners, and interagency. Also called CAA. (FM 3-57)
civil affairs operations - (DOD) Actions planned, coordinated, executed, and assessed to enhance awareness
of, and manage the interaction with, the civil component of the operational environment; identify and mitigate underlying causes of instability within civil society; and/or involve the application of functional specialty skills normally the responsibility of civil government . Also called CAO. (JP 3-57) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-07, FM 3-18, FM 3-57, ATP 1-06.2, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80.
civil affairs operations project management - The six step process by which civil affairs forces identify,
validate, plan, coordinate, facilitate, and monitor both material and nonmaterial civil affairs operations projects to achieve a supported commander's objectives relating to the civil component of the operational environment. (FM 3-57)
civil affairs operations staff support - Planning and execution of civil affairs activities, civil affairs supported
activities, and military government operations that are accomplished to enhance the commander's understand decision making, and leadership in order to achieve unified action and to accomplish missions.
(FM 3-57)
civil affairs supported activities - Activities in which civil affairs plays a key planning, coordinating or
synchronizing role, but for which they are not the proponent or primary executor. Also called CASA. (FM 3-57)
civil assistance - Assistance, based on a commander's decision, in which life-sustaining services are provided,
order is maintained, and/or goods and services are distributed within the commander's assigned area of operations. (FM 3-57)
civil augmentation program - (DOD) Standing, long-term external support contacts designed to augment
Service logistic capabilities with contract support in both preplanned and short notice contingencies. Also called CAP. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
civil authorities - (DOD) Those elected and appointed officers and employees who constitute the government
of the United States, the governments of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, insular areas, and political subdivisions thereof. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28, FM 3-53, ATP 2-91.7.
civil authority information support - (DOD) The use of military information support operations capabilities
to conduct public information dissemination activities to support national security or disaster relief operations within the United States and its territories in support of a lead federal agency. Also called CAIS. (JP 3-13.2) Referenced in FM 3-53.
civil considerations - The influence of manmade infrastructure, civilian institutions, and attitudes and activities
of the civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within an area of operations on the conduct of military operations. (ADP 6-0)
civil engagement - A deliberate or spontaneous activity or interaction between civil affairs forces and
nonmilitary individuals or entities, designed to build relationships; reduce or eliminate civil interference and causes of instability; gather, confirm, or deny information; foster legitimacy, or promote cooperation and unified action. Also called CE. (FM 3-57)
civilian internee - (DOD) A civilian who is interned during armed conflict, occupation, or other military
operation for security reasons, for protection, or because he or she committed an offense against the detaining power. Also called CI. (DODD 2310.01E) Referenced in FM 6-27.
civil information - (DOD) Relevant data relating to the civil areas, structures, capabilities, organizations,
people, and events of the civil component of the operational environment used to support the situational awareness of the supported commander. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.70.
civil information management - (DOD) Process whereby data relating to the civil component of the
operational environment is gathered, collated, processed, analyzed, produced into information products, and disseminated. Also called CIM. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.70.
civil liaison team - Provides limited civil-military interface capability as a spoke for exchange of information
between indigenous populations and institutions, intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and other governmental agencies, and has limited capability to link resources to prioritized requirements. Also called CLT. (FM 3-57)
civil-military engagement - A formal USSOCOM program that facilitates the interagency, host nation
authorities, intergovernmental and nongovernmental partners, and the private sector to establish, sustain, or enhance civil capabilities and capacities that mitigate or eliminate civil vulnerabilities to local and regional populations. Also called CME. (FM 3-57)
civil-military operations - (DOD) Activities of a commander performed by designated military forces that
establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between military forces and indigenous populations and institutions by directly supporting the achievement of objectives relating to the reestablishment or maintenance of stability within a region or host nation. Also called CMO. (JP 3-57) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ADP 3-90, FM 2-0, FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 6-0.5.
civil-military operations center (DOD) An organization, normally comprised of civil affairs, established to
plan and facilitate coordination of activities of the Armed Forces of the United States within indigenous populations and institutions, the private sector, international organizations, nongovernmental organizations, multinational forces, and other governmental agencies in support of the commander. Also called CMOC. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70.
civil-military support element - A tasked-organized civil affairs force established to plan, facilitate, and
execute civil affairs operations in support of civil-military engagement in a specified country, region, or theater. Also called CMSE. (FM 3-57)
civil reconnaissance - (DOD) A targeted, planned, and coordinated observation and evaluation of specific civil
aspects of the environment such as areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, or events. Also called CR. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70.
Civil Reserve Air Fleet - (DOD) A program in which the Department of Defense contracts for the services of
specific aircraft, owned by a United States entity or citizen, during national emergencies and defense-oriented situations when expanded civil augmentation of military airlift activity is required. Also called CRAF. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01.
clandestine operation - (DOD) An operation sponsored or conducted by governmental departments or
agencies in such a way as to assure secrecy or concealment. (JP 3-05) Referenced in FM 3-18, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-53.1.
classes of supply - (DOD) The ten categories into which supplies are grouped to facilitate supply management
and planning. I. Rations and gratuitous issue of health, morale, and welfare items. II. Clothing, individual
equipment, tentage, tool sets, and administrative and housekeeping supplies and equipment. III. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants. IV. Construction materials. V. Ammunition. VI. Personal demand items. VII. Major end items, including tanks, helicopters, and radios. VIII. Medical. IX. Repair parts and components for equipment maintenance. X. Nonstandard items to support nonmilitary programs such as agriculture and
economic development. See also petroleum, oils, and lubricants. (JP 4-09) [*Note.* Army doctrine also
includes a miscellaneous category comprising water, captured enemy material, and salvage material.] Referenced in ADP 4-0, ATP 3-35.
clear - A tactical mission task that requires the commander to remove all enemy forces and eliminate organized
resistance within an assigned area. (FM 3-90-1) See also reduce, **tactical mission task**.
clearance of fires - The process by which the supported commander ensures that fires or their effects will have
no unintended consequences on friendly units or the scheme of maneuver. (FM 3-09)
clearing - A mobility task that involves the elimination or neutralization of an obstacle that is usually
performed by follow-on engineers and is not done under fire. (ATP 3-90.4)
close air support - (DOD Air action by Aircraft against hostile targets that are in close proximity to friendly
forces and that require detailed integration of each Air mission with the fire and movement of those forces. Also called CAS. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-99, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-20.97, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.18, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-91.1, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-01.45.
close area - The portion of the commander's area of operations where the majority of subordinate maneuver
forces conduct close combat. (ADP 3-0)
close combat - Warfare carried out on land in a direct-fire fight, supported by direct and indirect fires, and
other assets. (ADP 3-0)
close quarters battle - Sustained combative tactics, techniques, and procedures employed by small, highly
trained special operations forces using special purpose weapons, munitions, and demolitions to recover specified personnel, equipment, or material. (ADP 3-05)
close support - (DOD) That action of the supporting force against targets or objectives which are sufficiently
near the supported force as to require detailed integration or coordination of the supporting action. (JP 3-31) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0.
code word - (DOD) 1. A word that has been assigned a classification and a classified meaning to safeguard
intentions and information regarding a classified plan or operation. Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22. 2. A cryptonym used to identify sensitive intelligence data. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
collaborative planning - Two or more echelons planning together in real time, sharing information,
perceptions, and ideas to develop their respective plans simultaneously. (ADP 5-0)
collateral damage - (DOD) A form of collateral effect that causes unintentional or incidental injury or damage
to persons or objects that would not be lawful military targets in the circumstances ruling at the time. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 6-27, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2.
collection - (DOD) In intelligence usage, the acquisition of information and the provision of this information to
processing elements. (JP 2-01) Referenced in ADP 2-0.
collection management - (DOD) In intelligence usage, the process of converting intelligence requirements into
collection requirements, establishing priorities, tasking or coordinating with appropriate collection sources or agencies, monitoring results, and retasking, as required. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6.
collection point(s) **(patient or casualty)** - A specific location where casualties are assembled to be transported
to a medical treatment facility. It is usually predesignated and may or may not be staffed. (FM 4-02)
collective protection - (DOD) The protection provided to a group of individuals that permits relaxation of
individual chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear protection. Also called COLPRO. (JP 3-11)
Referenced in ATP 3-05.11.
column formation - The column formation is a combat formation in which elements are placed one behind the
other. (FM 3-90-1)
combat assessment - (DOD) The determination of the overall effectiveness of force employment during
military operations. Also called CA. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-92.
combat and operational stress control - A coordinated program for the prevention of and actions taken by
military leadership to prevent, identify, and manage adverse combat and operational stress reactions in units. (FM 4-02)
combatant command - (DOD) A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission under a
single commander established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also called CCMD. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 3-0, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-34.84.
combatant command (command authority) - (DOD) Nontransferable command authority, which cannot be
delegated, of a combatant commander to perform those functions of command over assigned forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces; assigning tasks; designating objectives; and giving authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations, joint training, and logistics necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the command. Also called COCOM. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 4-43.
combatant commander - (DOD) A commander of one of the unified or specified combatant commands
established by the President. Also called CCDR. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-53, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-90.20.
combatant command historian - The senior joint historian with overall staff responsibility for developing
historical policy and plans for the combatant command and executing joint historical operations within the combatant command's area of responsibility. (ATP 1-20)
combat camera - (DOD) Specially-trained expeditionary forces from Service-designated units capable of
providing high-quality directed visual information during military operations. Also called COMCAM. (JP 3-61) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31, ATP 6-02.40.
combat identification - (DOD) The process of attaining an accurate characterization of detected objects in the
operational environment sufficient to support an engagement decision. Also called CID. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.1.
combat information - (DOD) Unevaluated data, gathered by or provided directly to the tactical commander
which, due to its highly perishable nature or the criticality of the situation, cannot be processed into tactical intelligence in time to satisfy the user's tactical intelligence requirements. (JP 2-01) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ADP 3-90, FM 2-0, FM 3-96, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-55.4.
combat lifesaver - A nonmedical Soldier trained to provide enhanced first aid as a secondary mission.
Normally, one member of each squad, team, or crew is trained. (FM 4-02)
combat load - The minimum mission-essential equipment and supplies as determined by the commander
responsible for carrying out the mission, required for Soldiers to fight and survive immediate combat operations. (FM 4-40)
combat outpost - A reinforced observation post capable of conducting limited combat operations. (FM 3-90-2) combat patrol - A patrol that provides security and harasses, destroys, or captures enemy troops, equipment, or
installations. (ATP 3-21.8)

combat power - (DOD) The total means of destruction and/or disruptive force which a military unit/formation
can apply against the opponent at a given time. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-07, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-90.98. (Army) The total means of destructive, constructive, and information capabilities that a military unit or formation can apply at a given time. (ADP 3-0)
combat search and rescue - (DOD) The tactics, techniques, and procedures performed by forces to effect the
recovery of isolated personnel during combat. Also called CSAR. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-50.10.
combination yard - Yard that is a combination of receiving, classifying, and departure facilities. (ATP 4-14) combined arms - The synchronized and simultaneous application of arms to achieve an effect greater than if
each arm was used separately or sequentially. (ADP 3-0)
combined arms team - (DOD) The full integration and application of two or more arms or elements of one
Service into an operation. (JP 3-18) Referenced in ATP 3-01.81.
command - (DOD) 1. The authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over subordinates
by virtue of rank or assignment. Referenced in ADP 6-0, ADP 6-22, ADP 3-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, ATP 3- 21.50, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-96.1. 2. An order given by a commander. Also called CMD. (JP-1). Referenced in FM 3-07.
command and control - (DOD) The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander
over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Also called C2. (JP 1). Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, ADP 6-22, FM 3-07, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-06, ATP 3- 06.1, ATP 3-20.98, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-96.1.
command and control system - (DOD) The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures, and personnel
essential for a commander to plan, direct, and control operations of forces pursuant to the missions assigned. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 3-52.2. (Army) The arrangement of people, processes, networks, and command posts that enable commanders to conduct operations. (ADP 6-0)
command and control warfighting function - The related tasks and a system that enable commanders to
synchronize and converge all elements of power. (ADP 3-0)
commander's communication synchronization - (DOD) A process to coordinate and synchronize narratives,
themes, messages, images, operations, and actions to ensure their integrity and consistency to the lowest tactical level across all relevant communication activities. Also called CCS. (JP 3-61) Referenced in FM 3-13.
commander's critical information requirement - (DOD) An information requirement identified by the
commander as being critical to facilitating timely decision making. Also called CCIR. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, FM 3-13, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 4-40, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2- 19.4, ATP 2-22.9, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-20.98,
ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.4, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-93.
commander's intent - (DOD) A clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired
military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and
supporting commanders act to achieve the commander's desired results without further orders, even when
the operation does not unfold as planned . (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, ADP 3-28, FM 3-07, FM 3-09, FM 3-13, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-94.
commander's visualization - The mental process of developing situational understanding, determining desired
end state, and envisioning an operational approach by which the force will achieve that end state. (ADP 6-0)
command group - The commander and selected staff members who assist the commander in controlling
operations away from a command post. (FM 6-0)
command post - A unit headquarters where the commander and staff perform their activities. Also called CP.
(FM 6-0)
command post cell - A grouping of personnel and equipment organized by warfighting function or by planning
horizon to facilitate the exercise of mission command. (FM 6-0)
command relationships - (DOD) The interrelated responsibilities between commanders, as well as the
operational authority exercised by commanders in the chain of command. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-52.2.
committed force - A force in contact with an enemy or deployed on a specific mission or course of action,
which precludes its employment elsewhere. (ADP 3-90)
common control - The horizontal and vertical map or chart location of points in the target and position area,
tied in with the horizontal and vertical control in use by two or more units. (ATP 3-09.02)
common deflection - The deflection, which may vary based on the weapon's sight system, corresponding to
the firing unit's azimuth of fire. (ATP 3-09.50)
common grid - Refers to all firing and target-locating elements within a unified command located and
oriented, to prescribed accuracies, with respect to a single three-dimensional datum. (ATP 3-09.02)
common operational picture - (DOD) A single identical display of relevant information shared by more than
one command that facilitates collaborative planning and assists all echelons to achieve situational awareness. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 2-22.7, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-52.2. (Army) A display of relevant
information within a commander's area of interest tailored to the user's requirements and based on
common data and information shared by more than one command. Also called COP. (ADP 6-0)
common sensor boundary - A line (depicted by a series of grid coordinates, grid line, phase line or major
terrain feature) established by the force counterfire headquarters that divides target acquisition search areas into radar acquisition management areas. (FM 3-09)
common tactical picture - (DOD) An accurate and complete display of relevant tactical data that integrates
tactical information from the multi-tactical data link network, ground network, intelligence network, and sensor networks. Also called CTP. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15.
common-user land transportation - (DOD) Point-to-point land transportation service operated by a single
Service for common use by two or more Services. Also called CULT. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in ATP 3-35, ATP 4-0.1.
common-user logistics - (DOD) Materiel or service support shared with or provided by two or more Services,
Department of Defense agencies, or multinational partners to another Service, Department of Defense agency, non-Department of Defense agency, and/or multinational partner in an operation. Also called CUL. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 4-0, ATP 3-93, ATP 4-93.
communications intelligence - (DOD) Technical information and intelligence derived from foreign
communications by other than the intended recipients. Also called COMINT (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0.
communications network - (DOD) An organization of stations capable of intercommunications, but not
necessarily on the same channel. Also called COMNET. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 6-02.53.
communications security - (DOD) Actions designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value by
safeguarding access to, or observation of, equipment, material, and documents with regard to the possession and study of telecommunications or to purposely mislead unauthorized persons in their interpretation of the results of such possession and study. Also called COMSEC. (JP 6-0) Referenced in FM 6-02, ATP 3-05.60, ATP 6-02.2, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.75.
company - A unit consisting of two or more platoons, usually of the same type, with a headquarters and a
limited capacity for self-support. (ADP 3-90)
company team - A combined arms organization formed by attaching one or more nonorganic armor,
mechanized infantry, Stryker infantry, or light infantry platoons to a tank, mechanized infantry, Stryker, or infantry company either in exchange for, or in addition to its organic platoons. (ADP 3-90)
competing observable - (DOD) Within military deception, any observable that contradicts the deception story,
casts doubt on, or diminishes the impact of one or more required or supporting observables. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
complex catastrophe - (DOD) Any natural or man-made incident, including cyberspace attack, power grid
failure, and terrorism, which results in cascading failures of multiple, interdependent, critical, life-sustaining infrastructure sectors and causes extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, environment, economy, public health, national morale,
response efforts, and/or government functions . (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
complex terrain - A geographical area consisting of an urban center larger than a village and/or of two or more
types of restrictive terrain or environmental conditions occupying the same space. (ATP 3-34.80)
comprehensive approach - An approach that integrates the cooperative efforts of the departments and
agencies of the United States Government, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, multinational partners, and private sector entities to achieve unity of effort toward a shared goal. (FM 3-07)
comprehensive dental care - Dental treatment to restore and/or maintain a Soldier's optimal oral health,
function, and aesthetics. (ATP 4-02.19)
concealment - Protection from observation or surveillance. (FM 3-96)
concept of operations - (DOD) A verbal or graphic statement that clearly and concisely expresses what the
joint force commander intends to accomplish and how it will be done using available resources. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-07, ATP 3-52.2, FM 3-53, FM 3-90-1, FM 6-05. (Army) A statement that directs the manner in which subordinate units cooperate to accomplish the mission and establishes the sequence of actions the force will use to achieve the end state. (ADP 5-0) See also commander's intent, operation plan.
concept plan - (DOD) An operation plan in an abbreviated format that may require considerable expansion or
alteration to convert it into a complete operation plan or operation order. Also called CONPLAN. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0.
conduits - (DOD) Within military deception, information or intelligence gateways to the deception target, such
as foreign intelligence entities, intelligence collection platforms, open-source intelligence, and foreign and domestic news media. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
configuration management - (DOD) A discipline applying technical and administrative direction and
surveillance to: (1) identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a configuration item, (2) control changes to those characteristics, and (3) record and report changes to processing and implementation status. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 6-02.71.
confined space - An area large enough and so configured that a member can bodily enter and perform assigned
work, but which has limited or restricted means for entry and exit and is not designed for continuous human occupancy. (ATP 3-11.23)
confirmation brief - A brief subordinate leaders give to the higher commander immediately after the operation
order is given to confirm understanding. (ADP 5-0) See also commander's intent, **operation order**.
conflict prevention - (DOD) A peace operation employing complementary diplomatic, civil, and, when
necessary, military means, to monitor and identify the causes of conflict, and take timely action to prevent the occurrence, escalation, or resumption of hostilities. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
conflict transformation - The process of reducing the means and motivations for violent conflict while
developing more viable, peaceful alternatives for the competitive pursuit of political and socio-economic aspirations. (FM 3-07)
consolidate gains - Activities to make enduring any temporary operational success and to set the conditions for
a sustainable security environment, allowing for a transition of control to other legitimate authorities. (ADP 3-0)
consolidation - Organizing and strengthening in newly captured position so that it can be used against the
enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
consolidation area - The portion of the land commander's area of operations that may be designated to
facilitate freedom of action, consolidate gains through decisive action, and set conditions to transition the
area of operations to follow on forces or other legitimate authorities. (ADP 3-0)
constraint - (Army) A restriction placed on the command by a higher command. A constraint dictates an action
or inaction, thus restricting the freedom of action a subordinate commander. (FM 6-0)
contact point - (DOD) 1. In land warfare, a point on the terrain, easily identifiable, where two or more units are
required to make contact. Also called CP. (JP 3-50) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1.
contact procedure - (DOD) Predesignated actions taken by isolated personnel and recovery forces that permit
link-up between the two parties in hostile territory. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
contain - A tactical mission task that requires the commander to stop, hold, or surround enemy forces or to
cause them to center their activity on a given front and prevent them from withdrawing any part of their forces for use elsewhere. (FM 3-90-1)
container - (DOD) An article of transport equipment that meets American National Standards
Institute/International Organization for Standardization standards that is designed to facilitate and optimize the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transportation without intermediate handling of the contents. (JP 4-01) Referenced in FM 4-01.
container control officer - (DOD) A designated official (E-6 or above or civilian equivalent) within a
command, installation, or activity who is responsible for control, reporting, use, and maintenance of all Department of Defense-owned and -controlled intermodal containers and equipment from the time received until dispatched. Also called CCO. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 4-12.
container management - The process of establishing and maintaining visibility and accountability of all cargo
containers moving within the Defense Transportation System. (ADP 4-0)
contamination - (DOD) 1. The deposit, absorption, or adsorption of radioactive material, or of biological or
chemical agents on or by structures, areas, personnel, or objects. 2. Food and/or water made unfit for consumption by humans or animals because of the presence of environmental chemicals, radioactive elements, bacteria or organisms, the byproduct or the growth of bacteria or organisms, the decomposing material (to include the food substance itself), or waste in the food or water. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.84, ATP 4-44.
contamination control - (DOD) A combination of preparatory and responsive measures designed to limit the
vulnerability of forces to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and toxic industrial hazards and to avoid, contain, control exposure to, and, where possible, neutralize them. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.84.
contamination mitigation - (DOD) The planning and actions taken to prepare for, respond to, and recover
from contamination associated with all chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards in order to continue military operations. (JP 3-11) Referenced in FM 3-11, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10,
ATP 3-21.20.
contiguous area of operations - An area of operations where all of a commander's subordinate forces' areas of
operations share one or more common boundary. (FM 3-90-1) See also area of operations, **boundary**.
contingency - (DOD) A situation requiring military operations in response to natural disasters, terrorists,
subversives, or as otherwise directed by appropriate authority to protect United States interests. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 3-90.20.
continental system - A diesel or electric locomotive classification system that uses letters and figures to
identify them by their axles. (ATP 4-14)
continuity - The uninterrupted provision of sustainment across all levels of war. (ADP 4-0) continuity of care - Attempt to maintain the role of care during movement between roles at least equal to the
role of care at the originating role. (FM 4-02)
continuous tractive effort - The effort required to keep a train rolling after it has started. Also called CTE.
(ATP 4-14)
contracting officer - (DOD) A Service member or Department of Defense civilian with the legal authority to
enter into, administer, modify, and/or terminate contracts. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 1-06.2, ATP 4-10.
contracting officer's representative - (DOD) An individual designated in writing by the contracting officer to
perform specific technical or administrative functions. Also called COR. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
contracting support operations - The staff section that oversees contracting operations and leads external
coordination efforts. Also called CSPO. (ATP 4-92)
contractor management - (DOD) The oversight and integration of contractor personnel and associated
equipment in support of military operations. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ADP 4-0, ATP 4-10.
contractors authorized to accompany the force - (DOD) Contractor employees and all tiers of subcontractor
employees who are authorized to accompany the force in applicable contingency operations outside of the United States and have afforded such status through the issuance of a letter of authorization. Also called CAAF. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 3-50.20, ATP 4-10.
contract support integration - (DOD) The planning, coordination, and synchronization of contracted support
in military operations. (JP 4-10) See ADP 4-0.
control - 1. The regulation of forces and warfighting functions to accomplish the mission in accordance with
the commander's intent. (ADP 6-0) 2. A tactical mission task that requires the commander to maintain physical influence over a specified area to prevent its use by an enemy or to create conditions necessary for successful friendly operations. (FM 3-90-1) 3. An action taken to eliminate a hazard or reduce its risk. (ATP 5-19)
controlled supply rate - The rate of ammunition consumption that can be supported, considering availability,
facilities, and transportation. It is expressed in rounds per unit, individual, or vehicle per day. (ATP 3-09.23)
control measure - A means of regulating forces or warfighting functions. (ADP 6-0) conventional forces - (DOD) 1. Those forces capable of conducting operations using nonnuclear weapons; 2.
Those forces other than designated special operations forces. Also called CF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-53, FM 6-05, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-53.2.
convoy - (DOD) 2. A group of vehicles organized for the purpose of control and orderly movement with or
without escort protection that moves over the same route at the same time and under one commander. (JP 3-02) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-18.14, ATP 4-01.45.
convoy escort - (DOD) 2. An escort to protect a convoy of vehicles from being scattered, destroyed, or
captured. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in ATP 4-01.45.
convoy security - A specialized area security task conducted to protect convoys. (ATP 3-91) coordinated fire line - (DOD) A line beyond which conventional surface-to-surface direct fire and indirect fire
support means may fire at any time within the boundaries of the establishing headquarters without
additional coordination but does not eliminate the responsibility to coordinate the airspace required to conduct the mission. Also called CFL. (JP 3-09) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-21.90.
coordinating altitude - (DOD) An airspace coordinating measure that uses altitude to separate users and as the
transition between different airspace control elements. Also called CA. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-91.1.
coordinating authority - (DOD) A commander or individual who has the authority to require consultation
between the specific functions or activities involving forces of two or more Services, joint force components, or forces of the same Service or agencies but does not have the authority to compel agreement. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-0.
coordination level - (DOD) A procedural method to separate fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft by determining an
altitude below which fixed-wing aircraft normally will not fly. Also called CL. (JP 3-52) Referenced in
ADP 3-90, ATP 3-21.90.
cordon and search - A technique of conducting a movement to contact that involves isolating a target area and
searching suspect locations within that target area to capture or destroy possible enemy forces and contraband. (FM 3-90-1)
cordon security - The security provided between two combat outposts positioned to provide mutual support.
(ATP 3-91)
core competency - An essential and enduring capability that a branch or an organization provides to Army
operations. (ADP 1-01)
corps - An echelon of command and tactical formation that employs divisions, multi-functional brigades, and
functional brigades to achieve objectives on land. (ADP 3-90)
counterair - (DOD) A mission at the theater level that integrates offensive and defensive operations to attain
and maintain a desired degree of control of the air and protection by neutralizing or destroying enemy aircraft and missiles, both before and after launch. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-01, FM 3-09, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15.
counterattack - Attack by part or all of a defending force against an enemy attacking force, for such specific
purposes as regaining ground lost, or cutting off or destroying enemy advance units, and with the general objective of denying to the enemy the attainment of the enemy's purpose in attacking. In sustained defensive operations, it is undertaken to restore the battle position and is directed at limited objectives. (FM 1-02.1)
counterdeception - (DOD) Efforts to negate, neutralize, diminish the effects of, or gain advantage from a
foreign deception operation. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
counterfire - (DOD) Fire intended to destroy or neutralize enemy weapons. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09,
FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-09.12, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42.
countering weapons of mass destruction - (DOD) Efforts against actors of concern to curtail the
conceptualization, development, possession, proliferation, use, and effects of weapons of mass destruction, related expertise, materials, technologies, and means of delivery. Also called CWMD. (JP 3-40) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-11, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
counterinsurgency - (DOD) Comprehensive civilian and military efforts designed to simultaneously defeat
and contain insurgency and address its root causes. Also called COIN. (JP 3-24) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ADP 3-07, FM 3-05, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 3-57, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 4-14.
counterintelligence - (DOD) Information gathered and activities conducted to identify, deceive, exploit,
disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons or their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities. Also called CI. (JP 2-01.2) Referenced in FM 2-0, FM 3-16, ATP 2-22.2-1,
ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-96.1.
countermeasures - (DOD) That form of military science that, by the employment of devices and/or techniques,
has as its objective the impairment of the operational effectiveness of enemy activity. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
countermobility operations - (DOD) The construction of obstacles and emplacement of minefields to delay,
disrupt, and destroy the enemy by reinforcement of the terrain. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 3-90.8, ATP 3-92. (Army/Marine Corps) Those combined arms activities that use or enhance the effects of natural and man-made obstacles to deny enemy freedom of movement and maneuver. (ATP 3-90.8) See also
destroy, **disrupt**.
counterpreparation fire - Intensive prearranged fire delivered when the imminence of the enemy attack is
discovered. (FM 3-09)
counterproductive leadership - The demonstration of leader behaviors that violate one or more of the Army's
core leader competencies or Army Values, preventing a climate conducive to mission accomplishment. (ADP 6-22)
counterproliferation - (DOD) Those actions taken to reduce the risks posed by extant weapons of mass
destruction to the United States, allies, and partners. Also called CP. (JP 3-40) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-53, ATP 3-05.2.
counterreconnaissance - A tactical mission task that encompasses all measures taken by a commander to
counter enemy reconnaissance and surveillance efforts. Counterreconnaissance is not a distinct mission, but
a component of all forms of security operations. (FM 3-90-1) See also **tactical mission task**.
counterterrorism - (DOD) Activities and operations taken to neutralize terrorists and their organizations and
networks in order to render them incapable of using violence to instill fear and coerce governments or societies to achieve their goals. Also called CT. (JP 3-26) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-53, ATP 3-75.
country container authority - The appointed staff element that is responsible for enforcement of theater
container management policy and procedures established by the combatant commander. (ATP 4-12)
country team (DOD) The senior, in-country, United States coordinating and supervising body, headed by the
chief of the United States diplomatic mission, and composed of the senior member of each represented United States department or agency, as desired by the chief of the United States diplomatic mission. (JP 3- 07.4) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-96.1.
course of action - (DOD) 1. Any sequence of activities that an individual or unit may follow. Referenced in
ATP 3-01.81. 2. A scheme developed to accomplish a mission. Also called COA. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 3-01.85, ATP 5-0.1.
cover - (Army) 1. Protection from the effects of fires. (FM 3-96) 2. A type of security operation done
independent of the main body to protect them by fighting to gain time while preventing enemy ground observation of and direct fire against the main body. (ADP 3-90)
covered approach - 1. Any route that offers protection against enemy fire. 2. An approach made under the
protection furnished by other forces or by natural cover. (FM 1-02.1) See also **cover**.
covering force - (Army) A self-contained force capable of operating independently of the main body, unlike a
screen or guard force to conduct the cover task. (FM 3-90-2)
covering force area - The area forward of the forward edge of the battle area out to the forward positions
initially assigned to the covering forces. It is here that the covering forces execute assigned tasks.
(FM 3-90-2) See also covering force, **forward edge of the battle area**.
covert crossing - A planned crossing of an inland water obstacle or other gap that is intended to be undetected.
(ATP 3-90.4)
covert operation - (DOD) An operation that is so planned and executed as to conceal the identity of or permit
plausible denial by the sponsor. (JP 3-05) Referenced in FM 3-18, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-18.4.
crew - A small military unit that consists of all personnel operating a particular system. (ADP 3-90) crime analysis - The systematic examination and interpretation of police information to determine when,
where, and why crime, disorder, fear of crime, and other destabilizing events occur in specific places.
(FM 3-39)
crime prevention - A direct crime control method that applies to efforts to reduce criminal opportunity, protect
potential human victims, and prevent property loss by anticipating, recognizing, and appraising crime risk and initiating actions to remove or reduce it. (ATP 3-39.10)
criminal intelligence - Police information compiled, analyzed, and disseminated in an effort to anticipate,
prevent, or monitor criminal activity. (FM 3-39)
critical asset - (DOD) A specific entity that is of such extraordinary importance that its incapacitation or
destruction would have a very serious, debilitating effect on the ability of a nation to continue to function effectively. (JP 3-26) Referenced in ADP 3-37.
critical asset list - (DOD) A prioritized list of assets, normally identified by phase of the operation and
approved by the joint force commander, that should be defended against air and missile threats. Also called CAL. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-90.98.
critical asset security - The protection and security of personnel and physical assets or information that is
analyzed and deemed essential to the operation and success of the mission and to resources required for
protection. (ADP 3-37)
critical capability - (DOD) A means that is considered a crucial enabler for a center of gravity to function as
such and is essential to the accomplishment of the specified or assumed objective(s). (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-05.20.
critical event - An event that directly influences mission accomplishment. (FM 6-0) critical infrastructure protection - (DOD) Actions taken to prevent, remediate, or mitigate the man-made or
natural risks to critical infrastructure and key assets. Also called CIP. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 6-02.71.
critical requirement - (DOD) An essential condition, resource, and means for a critical capability to be fully
operational. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-05.20.
critical vulnerability - (DOD) An aspect of a critical requirement which is deficient or vulnerable to direct or
indirect attack that will create decisive or significant effects. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-05.20.
cross-domain fires - Fires executed in one domain to create effects in a different domain. (ADP 3-19) cross-leveling - (DOD) At the theater strategic and operational levels, it is the process of diverting en route or
in-theater materiel from one military element to meet the higher priority of another within the combatant commander's directive authority for logistics . (JP 4-0) Referenced in ATP 3-35.
cruise missile - (DOD) A guided and powered missile that flies at constant speed for the majority of its route
and relies upon aerodynamic forces for lift. Also called CM. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87.
cueing - The integration of one or more types of reconnaissance or surveillance systems to provide information
that directs follow-on collection of more detailed information by another system. (FM 3-90-2)
culminating point - The point at which a force no longer has the capability to continue its form of operations,
offense or defense. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 4-0, ATP 3-90.98.
cultural intelligence element - An organic element of the Military Information Support Operations Command,
providing culturally nuanced analyses and intelligence to subordinate unit commanders and their staffs, as well as to other agencies, focused on political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure, and other political-military factors. (FM 3-53)
curve resistance - The resistance offered by a curve to the progress of a train. Also called CR. (ATP 4-14) customer wait time - (DOD) The total elapsed time between issuance of a customer order and satisfaction of
that order. Also called CWT. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 3-04.7.
cyberspace - (DOD) A global domain within the information environment consisting of the interdependent
networks of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers. (JP 3-12) Referenced in ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, FM 3-0, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 6-02, ATP 2- 01.3, ATP 2-22.9, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-90.98.
cyberspace electromagnetic activities - The process of planning, integrating, and synchronizing cyberspace
and electronic warfare operations in support of unified land operations. Also called CEMA. (ADP 3-0)
cyberspace operations - (DOD) The employment of cyberspace capabilities where the primary purpose is to
achieve objectives in or through cyberspace. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-21.51.
cyberspace superiority - (DOD) The degree of dominance in cyberspace by one force that permits the secure,
reliable conduct of operations by that force, and its related land, air, maritime, and space forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference. (JP 3-12) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-92.

## D

data - In the context of decision making, unprocessed observations detected by a collector of any kind (human,
mechanical, or electronic). (ADP 6-0)
datum (geodetic) - (DOD) 1. A reference surface consisting of five quantities: the latitude and longitude of an
initial point, the azimuth of a line from that point, and the parameters of the reference ellipsoid. Referenced in ATP 3-17.2. 2. The mathematical model of the earth used to calculate the coordinates on any map. Different nations use different datum for printing coordinates on their maps. (JP 2-03) Referenced in ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.02, ATP 3-50.3.
D-day - (DOD) The unnamed day on which a particular operation commences or is to commence. (JP 3-02)
Referenced in FM 3-99, FM 6-0.
debarkation - (DOD) The unloading of troops, equipment, or supplies from a ship or aircraft. (JP 3-02)
Referenced in FM 4-01.
debriefing - The systematic questioning of individuals to procure information to answer specific collection
requirements by direct and indirect questioning techniques. (FM 2-22.3)
decentralized control - (DOD) In air defense, the normal mode whereby a higher echelon monitors unit
actions, making direct target assignments to units only when necessary to ensure proper fire distribution or to prevent engagement of friendly aircraft. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15.
decentralized execution - (DOD) Delegation of execution authority to subordinate commanders. (JP 3-30)
Referenced in FM 4-01.
deception event - (DOD) A deception means executed at a specific time and location in support of a deception
operation. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
deception goal - (DOD) Commander's statement of the purpose of military deception as it contributes to the
successful accomplishment of the assigned mission. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
deception means - (DOD) Methods, resources, and techniques that can be used to convey information to the
deception target. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
deception objective - (DOD) The desired result of a deception operation expressed in terms of what the
adversary is to do or not to do at the critical time and/or location. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
deception story - (DOD) A scenario that outlines the friendly actions that will be portrayed to cause the
deception target to adopt the desired perception. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
deception target - (DOD) The adversary decision maker with the authority to make the decision that will
achieve the deception objective. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
decision point - (DOD) A point in space and time when the commander or staff anticipates making a key
decision concerning a specific course of action. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 6- 0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
decision support matrix - A written record of a war-gamed course of action that describes decision points and
associated actions at those decision points. Also called DSM. (ADP 5-0) See also branch, **decision point**, decision support template, **sequel**.
decision support template - (DOD) A combined intelligence and operations graphic based on the results of
wargaming that depicts decision points, timelines associated with movement of forces and the flow of the operation, and other key items of information required to execute a specific friendly course of action. Also called DST. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 6-0.5.
decisive action - (Army) The continuous, simultaneous execution of offensive, defensive, and stability
operations or defense support of civil authorities tasks. (ADP 3-0)
decisive engagement - An engagement in which a unit is considered fully committed and cannot maneuver or
extricate itself. (ADP 3-90)
decisive operation - The operation that directly accomplishes the mission. (ADP 3-0) decisive point - (DOD) A geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted
upon, allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute materially to achieving success. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 5-0, FM 4-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 5-0.1.
decisive terrain Key terrain whose seizure and retention is mandatory for successful mission accomplishment.
(ADP 3-90)
deck - The surface of a railcar on which a load rests. (ATP 4-14) decompression - (DOD) In personnel recovery, the process of normalizing psychological and behavioral
reactions that recovered isolated personnel experienced or are currently experiencing as a result of their isolation and recovery. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
decoy - (DOD) An imitation in any sense of a person, object, or phenomenon that is intended to deceive enemy
surveillance devices or mislead enemy evaluation. Also called dummy. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
dedicated recovery - Actions required to extract an aircraft by means of an aerial or surface recovery vehicle
to a maintenance area for repairs and/or inspections. (ATP 3-04.13)
decontamination - (DOD) The process of making any person, object, or area safe by absorbing, destroying,
neutralizing, making harmless, or removing chemical or biological agents, or by removing radioactive material clinging to or around it. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.7, ATP 4-02.84, ATP 3-90.98.
deep area - Where the commander sets conditions for future success in close combat. (ADP 3-0) defeat - To render a force incapable of achieving its objectives. (ADP 3-0) defeat in detail - Concentrating overwhelming combat power against separate parts of a force rather than
defeating the entire force at once. (ADP 3-90)
defeat mechanism - The method through which friendly forces accomplish their mission against enemy
opposition. (ADP 3-0)
defended asset list - (DOD) A listing of those assets from the critical asset list prioritized by the joint force
commander to be defended with the resources available. Also called DAL. (JP 3-01) Referenced in
ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-90.98.
defense coordinating element - (DOD) A staff and military liaison officers who assist the defense
coordinating officer in facilitating coordination and support to activated emergency support functions. Also called DCE. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.
defense coordinating officer - (DOD) Department of Defense single point of contact for domestic emergencies
who is assigned to a joint field office to process requirements for military support; forward mission assignments through proper channels to the appropriate military organizations; and assign military liaisons, as appropriate, to activated emergency support functions. Also called DCO. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.
defense design - A strategy for defense based on a compiled list of defensive tasks required to defend against a
specific threat or support specific mission operations. Each defensive task is built using intelligence, features such as friendly force lay down, adversary forces lay down, named area of interest or ballistic missile operations areas, and characteristics such as defended assets, terrain, system location or orientation, and limitations. (FM 3-27)
defense industrial base - (DOD) The Department of Defense, government, and private sector worldwide
industrial complex with capabilities to perform research and development and design, produce, and maintain military weapon systems, subsystems, components, or parts to meet military requirements. Also called DIB. (JP 3-27) Referenced in FM 4-0, ATP 4-0.1.
defense plan - Multiple defense designs combined together to create a cohesive plan for defending a broad
area. (FM 3-27)
defense support of civil authorities - (DOD) Support provided by U.S. Federal military forces, Department of
Defense civilians, Department of Defense contract personnel, Department of Defense component assets, and National Guard forces (when the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the governors of the affected States, elects and requests to use those forces in Title 32, United States Code, status) in response to requests for assistance from civil authorities for domestic emergencies, law enforcement support, and other domestic activities, or from qualifying entities for special events. Also called DSCA. (DODD 3025.18) Referenced in ADP 1, ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-28, FM 3-09, FM 3-14, FM 3-52, FM 3-57, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-14.3, ATP 3-28.1.
Defense Transportation System - (DOD) That portion of the worldwide transportation infrastructure that
supports Department of Defense transportation needs. Also called DTS. See also common-user transportation; transportation system. (JP 4-01) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-13, ATP 4-15.
defensive counterair - (DOD) All defensive measures designed to neutralize or destroy enemy forces
attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace. Also called DCA. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-01, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-55.6.
defensive cyberspace operations-internal defensive measures - (DOD) Operations in which authorized
defense actions occur within the defended portion of cyberspace. Also called DCO-IDM. (JP 3-12) Referenced in ATP 6-02.71.
defensive cyberspace operations-response actions - (DOD) Operations that are part of a defensive
cyberspace operations mission that are taken external to the defended network or portion of cyberspace without the permission of the owner of the affected system. Also called DCO-RA. (JP 3-12) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 6-02.71.
defensive cyberspace operations - (DOD) Missions to preserve the ability to utilize blue cyberspace
capabilities and protect data, networks, cyberspace-enabled devices, and other designated systems by defeating on-going or imminent malicious cyberspace activity. Also called DCO. (JP 3-12) Referenced in ADP 3-37, FM 3-12, FM 6-02.
defensive fires - Fires that protect friendly forces, population centers, and critical infrastructure. (FM 3-09) defensive operation - An operation to defeat an enemy attack, gain time, economize forces, and develop
conditions favorable for offensive or stability operations. (ADP 3-0)
defensive space control - (DOD) Active and passive measures taken to protect friendly space capabilities from
attack, interference, or unintentional hazards. Also called DSC. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14.
defilade - (DOD) 1. Protection from hostile observation and fire provided by an obstacle such as a hill, ridge,
or bank. (JP 3-09) Referenced in ATP 3-21.90.
definitive care - (1) That care which returns an ill or injured Soldier to full function, or the best possible
function after a debilitating illness or injury. Definitive care can range from self-aid when a Soldier applies a dressing to a grazing bullet wound that heals without further intervention, to two weeks bed-rest in theater for Dengue fever, to multiple surgeries and full rehabilitation with a prosthesis at a continental United States medical center or Department of Veterans Affairs hospital after a traumatic amputation. (2) That treatment required to return the Service member to health from a state of injury or illness. The Service
member's disposition may range from return to duty to medical discharge from the military. It can be provided at any role depending on the extent of the Service member's injury or illness. It embraces those
endeavors which complete the recovery of the patient. (FM 4-02)
definitive identification - The employment of multiple state-of-the-art, independent, established protocols and
technologies by scientific experts in a nationally recognized laboratory to determine the unambiguous identity of a chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear hazard with the highest level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary to support strategic-level decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
definitive treatment - The final role of comprehensive care provided to return the patient to the highest degree
of mental and physical health possible. It is not associated with a specific role or location in the continuum of care; it may occur in different roles depending upon the nature of the injury or illness. (FM 4-02)
deflection - A horizontal clockwise angle measured from the line of fire or the rearward extension line of fire
to the line of sight to a given aiming point with the vertex of the angle at the instrument. (ATP 3-09.50)
delay - When a force under pressure trades space for time by slowing down the enemy's momentum and
inflicting maximum damage on enemy forces without becoming decisively engaged. (ADP 3-90)
delay line - A phase line where the date and time before which the enemy is not allowed to cross the phase line
is depicted as part of the graphic control measure. (FM 3-90-1) See also control measure, **phase line**.
delayed recovery - Planned or coordinated aircraft recovery mission performed by the Downed Aircraft
Recovery Team with the intent to repair/replace damaged component in order to return the aircraft to flying status. (ATP 3-04.13)
deliberate crossing - The crossing of an inland water obstacle or other gap that requires extensive planning and
detailed preparations. (ATP 3-90.4)
deliberate operation - An operation in which the tactical situation allows the development and coordination of
detailed plans, including multiple branches and sequels. (ADP 3-90)
demobilization - (DOD) 1. The process of transitioning a conflict or wartime military establishment and
defense-based civilian economy to a peacetime configuration while maintaining national security and economic vitality. (JP 4-05) Referenced in ADP 3-07, FM 3-07.
demonstration - (DOD) 2. In military deception, a show of force in an area where a decision is not sought that
is made to deceive an adversary. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5.
denial operations - Actions to hinder or deny the enemy the use of space, personnel, supplies, or facilities.
(FM 3-90-1)
denied area - (DOD) An area under enemy or unfriendly control in which friendly forces cannot expect to
operate successfully within existing operational constraints and force capabilities. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1. (Army) An area that is operationally unsuitable for conventional forces due to political, tactical, environmental, or geographical reasons. It is a primary area for special operations forces. (FM 3-05)
denied, degraded, or disrupted space operational environment - A composite of those conditions and
influences in which space-enabled capabilities have been impaired by hostile threats or non-hostile means. Also called D3SOE. (FM 3-14)
dental care - The preventive, restorative, and surgical treatment of the hard and soft oral tissues, which is
comprised of operational dental care and comprehensive dental care. (ATP 4-02.19)
deny - A task to hinder or prevent the enemy from using terrain, space, personnel, supplies, or facilities.
(ATP 3-21.20)
Department of Defense information network - (DOD) The set of information capabilities and associated
processes for collecting, processing, storing, disseminating, and managing information on demand to warfighters, policy makers, and support personnel, whether interconnected or stand-alone . Also called DODIN. (JP 6-0) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-12, FM 6-02, ATP 3-05.60, ATP 6-02.54, ATP 6-02.60, ATP 6-02.71.
Department of Defense information network-Army - An Army-operated enclave of the Department of
Defense information network that encompasses all Army information capabilities that collect, process, store, display, disseminate, and protect information worldwide. Also called DODIN-A. (ATP 6-02.71)
Department of Defense information network operations - (DOD) Operations to secure, configure, operate,
extend, maintain, and sustain Department of Defense cyberspace to create and preserve the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the Department of Defense information network. Also called DODIN Operations. (JP 3-12) Referenced in FM 3-12, FM 6-02, ATP 6-02.60, ATP 6-02.71.
departure airfield - (DOD) An airfield on which troops and/or materiel are enplaned for flight. (JP 3-36)
Referenced in ATP 3-18.11.
departure yard - Yard where classified cars are made up into trains. (ATP 4-14) deployment - (DOD) The movement of forces into and out of an operational area . (JP 3-35) Referenced in
ADP 4-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-35, ATP 3-91, ATP 4-02.1.
depth - The extension of operations in time, space, or purpose to achieve definitive results. (ADP 3-0) derailer - Safety devices designed to limit unauthorized movement of a car or locomotive beyond a specific
point. (ATP 4-14)
desired perception - (DOD) In military deception, what the deception target must believe for it to make the
decision that will achieve the deception objective. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
destroy - A tactical mission task that physically renders an enemy force combat-ineffective until it is
reconstituted. Alternatively, to destroy a combat system is to damage it so badly that it cannot perform any function or be restored to a usable condition without being entirely rebuilt. (FM 3-90-1) See also
reconstitution, **tactical mission task**.
destruction - 1. In the context of the computed effects of field artillery fires, destruction renders a target out of
action permanently or ineffective for a long period of time, producing 30-percent casualties or materiel damage. 2. A type of adjustment for destroying a given target. (FM 3-09)
detachment - A tactical element organized on either a temporary or permanent basis for special duties.
(ADP 3-90)
detachment left in contact - An element left in contact as part of the previously designated (usually rear)
security force while the main body conducts its withdrawal. Also called DLIC. (FM 3-90-1) See also
breakout, **retrograde**.
detainee - (DOD) Any person captured, detained, or otherwise under the control of Department of Defense
personnel. (JP 3-63) Referenced in FM 6-27, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-55.4, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-91.
detection - (DOD) 2. In surveillance, the determination and transmission by a surveillance system that an event
has occurred. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-55.6. 4. In chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environments, the act of locating chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards by use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear detectors or monitoring and/or survey teams. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-55.6.
detention - A charge made on a carrier conveyance held by or otherwise delayed through the cause of the
United States Government. (ATP 4-12)
deterrence - (DOD) The prevention of action by the existence of a credible threat of unacceptable
counteraction and/or belief that the cost of action outweighs the perceived benefits. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-27.3.
direct action - (DOD) Short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive actions conducted as a special
operation in hostile, denied, or diplomatically sensitive environments and which employ specialized military capabilities to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover, or damage designated targets. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-53, ATP 3-75.
direct air support center - (DOD) The principal air control agency of the United States Marine Corps air
command and control system responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat element. Also called DASC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-60.2.
direct exchange - A supply method of issuing serviceable materiel in exchange for unserviceable materiel on
an item-for-item basis. (FM 4-40)
directed energy - (DOD) An umbrella term covering technologies that relate to the production of a beam of
concentrated electromagnetic energy or atomic or subatomic particles. Also called DE. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
directed obstacle - An obstacle directed by a higher commander as a specified task to a subordinate unit.
(ATP 3-90.8)
direct fire - (DOD) Fire delivered on a target using the target itself as a point of aim for either the weapon or
the director. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-96, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
direct haul - Single transport mission completed by the same vehicle(s). (ATP 4-11) direction finding - (DOD) A procedure for obtaining bearings of radio frequency emitters by using a highly
directional antenna and a display unit on an intercept receiver or ancillary equipment. Also called DF. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
direction of attack - A specific direction or assigned route a force uses and does not deviate from when
attacking. (ADP 3-90)
direction of fire - The direction on which a fire unit is laid to the most significant threat in the target area, to
the chart direction to the center of the zone of fire, or to the target. (ATP 3-09.50)
directive authority for logistics - (DOD) Combatant commander authority to issue directives to subordinate
commanders to ensure the effective execution of approved operation plans, optimize the use or reallocation of available resources, and prevent or eliminate redundant facilities and/or overlapping functions among the Service component commands. Also called DAFL. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 4-0.
direct liaison authorized - (DOD) That authority granted by a commander (any level) to a subordinate to
directly consult or coordinate an action with a command or agency within or outside of the granting command. Also called DIRLAUTH. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-0, FM 6-0.
direct pressure force A force employed in a pursuit operation that orients on the enemy main body to prevent
enemy disengagement or defensive reconstitution prior to envelopment by the encircling force. It normally conducts a series of attacks to slow the enemy's retirement by forcing him to stand and fight. (FM 3-90-1)
See also disengage, encircling force, **envelopment, reconstitution**.
direct support - (DOD) A mission requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing it to
answer directly to the supported force's request for assistance. Also called DS. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 4-43. (Army) A support relationship requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing it to answer directly to the supported force's request for assistance. (FM 3-0)
disarmament - (Army) The collection, documentation, control, and disposal of small arms, ammunition,
explosives, and light and heavy weapons of former combatants, belligerents, and the local populace. (FM 3- 07)
disease and nonbattle injury - (DOD) All illnesses and injuries not resulting from enemy or terrorist action or
caused by conflict. Also called DNBI. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 4-02.10, ATP 4-02.55.
disengage - A tactical mission task where a commander has the unit break contact with the enemy to allow the
conduct of another mission or to avoid decisive engagement. (FM 3-90-1) See also **decisive engagement**, tactical mission task.
disengagement line - A phase line located on identifiable terrain that, when crossed by the enemy, signals to
defending elements that it is time to displace to their next position. (ADP 3-90)
disintegrate - To disrupt the enemy's command and control system, degrading its ability to conduct operations
while leading to a rapid collapse of the enemy's capabilities or will to fight. (ADP 3-0)
dislocate - To employ forces to obtain significant positional advantage, rendering the enemy's dispositions less
valuable, perhaps even irrelevant. (ADP 3-0)
dislocated civilian - (DOD) A broad term primarily used by the Department of Defense that includes displaced
person, an evacuee, an internally displaced person, a migrant, a refugee, or a stateless person. Also called DC. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.60.
dismounted march - Movement of troops and equipment mainly by foot, with limited support by vehicles.
Also called foot march. (FM 3-90-2)
displaced person - (DOD) A broad term used to refer to internally and externally displaced persons
collectively. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-57, FM 6-27, ATP 3-07.31.
display - (DOD) In military deception, a static portrayal of an activity, force, or equipment intended to deceive
the adversary's visual observation. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 6-0, FM 3-13.4.
disrupt - 1. A tactical mission task in which a commander integrates direct and indirect fires, terrain, and
obstacles to upset an enemy's formation or tempo, interrupt the enemy's timetable, or cause enemy forces to commit prematurely or attack in piecemeal fashion. 2. An obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to cause the enemy to break up its formation and tempo, interrupt its timetable, commit breaching assets prematurely, and attack in a piecemeal effort. (FM 3-90-1)
distinction - The law of armed conflict principle that obliges parties to a conflict to distinguish between
combatants and the civilian population and to distinguish between military objectives and protected
property and places. (FM 6-27)
distribution - (DOD) 5. The operational process of synchronizing all elements of the logistic system to deliver
the "right things" to the "right place" at the "right time" to support the geographic combatant commander. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 4-0, FM 4-01, ATP 4-48.
distribution management - Synchronizes and optimizes transportation, its networks, and materiel
management with the warfighting functions to move personnel and materiel from origins to the point of need in accordance with the supported commander's priorities. (ADP 4-0)
distribution manager - (DOD) The executive agent for managing distribution with the combatant
commander's area of responsibility. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 4-0.1.
distribution system - (DOD) That complex of facilities, installations, methods, and procedures designed to
receive, store, maintain, distribute, and control the flow of military materiel between the point of receipt into the military system and the point of issue to using activities and units. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-0, FM 4-01, FM 4-40, ATP 4-93.
diversion - (DOD) 1. The act of drawing the attention and forces of an enemy from the point of the principal
operation; an attack, alarm, or feint that diverts attention. (JP 3-03) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-13.4.
division - An echelon of command and tactical formation that employs brigade combat teams, multi-functional
brigades, and functional brigades to achieve objectives on land. (ADP 3-90)
document and media exploitation - The processing, translation, analysis, and dissemination of collected
hardcopy documents and electronic media that are under the U.S. Government's physical control and are
not publicly available. (ATP 2-91.8)
double envelopment - This results from simultaneous maneuvering around both flanks of a designated enemy
force. (FM 3-90-1)
Downed Aircraft Recovery Team - Comprised of personnel and equipment assigned to support immediate,
delayed, or dedicated aircraft recovery. (ATP 3-04.13)
drawbar pull - The actual pulling ability of a locomotive after deducting from tractive effort, the energy
required to move the locomotive itself. Also called DBP. (ATP 4-14)
drop zone - (DOD) A specific area upon which airborne troops, equipment, or supplies are airdropped. Also
called DZ. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-18.11.
dynamic target - Any target that is identified too late or not selected for action during the deliberate targeting
process. (ATP 3-60.1)
dynamic targeting - (DOD) Targeting that prosecutes targets identified too late, or not selected for action in
time to be included in deliberate targeting. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-91, ATP 3-91.1.

## E

earliest arrival date - (DOD) A day, relative to C-day, that is specified as the earliest date when a unit, a
resupply shipment, or replacement personnel can be accepted at a port of debarkation during a deployment. Also called EAD. See also latest arrival date. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 4-01.
early-entry command post - A lead element of a headquarters designed to control operations until the
remaining portions of the headquarters are deployed and operational. (FM 6-0)
early warning - (DOD) Early notification of the launch or approach of unknown weapons or weapons carriers.
Also called EW. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.48.
echelon - Separate level of command. (FM 1-02.1) echelon formation - A unit formation with subordinate elements arranged on an angle to the left or to the right
of the direction of attack (echelon left, echelon right). This formation provides for firepower forward and to the flank of the direction of the echelon. It facilitates control in open areas. It provides minimal security to
the opposite flank of the direction of the echeloning. (FM 3-90-1) See also **box formation**.
echelon support - The method of supporting an organization arrayed within an area of an operation. (ATP
4-90)
economy - Providing sustainment resources in an efficient manner that enables the commander to employ all
assets to the greatest effect possible. (ADP 4-0)
economy of force - (DOD) The judicious employment and distribution of forces so as to expend the minimum
essential combat power on secondary efforts to allocate the maximum possible combat power on primary efforts . (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-90.
effect - (DOD) 1. The physical or behavioral state of a system that results from an action, a set of actions, or
another effect. 2. The result, outcome, or consequence of an action. 3. A change to a condition, behavior, or degree of freedom. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-53, FM 3-57, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-60.
electromagnetic compatibility - (DOD) The ability of systems, equipment, and devices that use the
electromagnetic spectrum to operate in their intended environments without causing or suffering unacceptable or unintentional degradation because of electromagnetic radiation or response. Also called EMC. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic environment - (DOD) The resulting product of the power and time distribution, in various
frequency ranges, of the radiated or conducted electromagnetic emission levels encountered by a military force, system, or platform when performing its assigned mission in its intended operational environment. Also called EME. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic environmental effects - (DOD) The impact of the electromagnetic environment upon the
operational capability of military forces, equipment, systems, and platforms. Also called E3. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
electromagnetic hardening - (DOD) Action taken to protect personnel, facilities, and/or equipment by
blanking, filtering, attenuating, grounding, bonding, and/or shielding against undesirable effects of electromagnetic energy. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic interference - (DOD) Any electromagnetic disturbance, induced intentionally or
unintentionally, that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective performance of electronics and electrical equipment. Also called EMI. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 3-14.3, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.70.
electromagnetic intrusion - (DOD) The intentional insertion of electromagnetic energy into transmission paths
in any manner, with the objective of deceiving operators or of causing confusion. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic jamming - (DOD) The deliberate radiation, reradiation, or reflection of electromagnetic
energy for the purpose of preventing or reducing an enemy's effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum,
and with the intent of degrading or neutralizing the enemy's combat capability. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, FM 3-14, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic pulse - (DOD) A strong burst of electromagnetic radiation caused by a nuclear explosion,
energy weapon, or by natural phenomenon, that may couple with electrical or electronic systems to produce damaging current and voltage surges. Also called EMP. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.53.
electromagnetic spectrum management - (DOD) The operational, engineering, and administrative procedures
to plan and coordinate operations within the electromagnetic operational environment. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, FM 3-99, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.70.
electromagnetic attack - (DOD) Division of electromagnetic warfare involving the use of electromagnetic
energy, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability and is considered a form of fires . Also called EA. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ADP 3-37, FM 3-09, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.70, ATP 6-02.71.
electromagnetic masking - (DOD) The controlled radiation of electromagnetic energy on friendly frequencies
in a manner to protect the emissions of friendly communications and electronic systems against enemy electromagnetic support measures/signals intelligence without significantly degrading the operation of friendly systems. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.60.
electromagnetic probing - (DOD) Intentional radiation designed to be introduced into the devices or systems
of an adversary for the purpose of learning the functions and operational capabilities of the devices or systems. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12.
electromagnetic protection - (DOD) Division of electromagnetic warfare involving actions taken to protect
personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability. Also called EP. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ADP 3-37, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.70, ATP 6-02.71.
electromagnetic reconnaissance - (DOD) The detection, location, identification, and evaluation of foreign
electromagnetic radiations. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic security - (DOD) The protection resulting from all measures designed to deny unauthorized
persons information of value that might be derived from their interception and study of noncommunications electromagnetic radiations (e.g., radar). (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic warfare - (DOD) Military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to
control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. Also called EW. (JP 3-85) Referenced in
ADP 3-0, ADP 3-37, FM 3-12, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-96, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-50.10, ATP 4-32, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.70.
electromagnetic warfare reprogramming - (DOD) The deliberate alteration or modification of
electromagnetic warfare or target sensing systems, or the tactics and procedures that employ them, in response to validated changes in equipment, tactics, or the electromagnetic environment. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3.
electromagnetic support - (DOD) Division of electromagnetic warfare involving actions tasked by, or under
direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning and conduct of future operations. Also called ES. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.53, ATP 6-02.70.
electro-optical-infrared countermeasure - (DOD) A device or technique employing electro-optical-infrared
materials or technology that is intended to impair the effectiveness of enemy activity, particularly with respect to precision-guided weapons and sensor systems. Also called EO-IR CM. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12.
embarkation - (DOD) The process of putting personnel and/or vehicles and their associated stores and
equipment into ships and/or aircraft. (JP 3-02) Referenced in FM 4-01.
emergency dental care - Care given for the relief of oral pain; diagnosis and treatment of infections; control of
life-threatening oral conditions (hemorrhage, cellulitis, or respiratory difficulties); and treatment of trauma
to teeth, jaws (maxilla/mandible), and associated facial structures is considered emergency care. (ATP 4-
02.19)
emergency locator beacon - (DOD) A generic term for all radio beacons used for emergency locating
purposes. See also personal locator beacon. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
emergency medical treatment - The immediate application of medical procedures to the wounded, injured, or
sick by specially trained medical personnel. (FM 4-02)
emergency operations center - (DOD) A temporary or permanent facility where the coordination of
information and resources to support domestic incident management activities normally takes place. Also called EOC. (JP 3-41) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
emergency preparedness liaison officer - (DOD) A senior reserve officer who represents their Service at the
appropriate joint field office conducting planning and coordination responsibilities in support of civil authorities. Also called EPLO. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.
emergency support functions - (DOD) Government and certain private-sector capabilities grouped into an
organizational structure to provide the support, resources, program implementation, and services that are most likely to be needed to save lives, protect property and the environment, restore essential services and critical infrastructure, and help victims and communities return to normal, when feasible, following domestic incidents. Also called ESF. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.
emerging target - Detection that meets sufficient criteria to be developed as a potential target using dynamic
targeting. The criticality and time sensitivity of an emerging target, and its probability of being a potential target, is initially undetermined. (ATP 3-60.1)
emission control - (DOD) The selective and controlled use of electromagnetic, acoustic, or other emitters to
optimize command and control capabilities while minimizing, for operations security: a. detection by enemy sensors, b. mutual interference among friendly systems, and/or c. enemy interference with the ability to execute a military deception plan. Also called EMCON. (JP 3-85) Referenced in FM 3-12, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.53.
emission security - (DOD) Actions designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value as a result of
intercept and analysis of compromising emanations from cryptographic equipment and telecommunications systems. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 6-02.75
employment - (DOD) The strategic, operational, or tactical use of forces. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 4-0,
FM 3-96, ATP 4-02.1.
encirclement operations - Operations where one force loses its freedom of maneuver because an opposing
force is able to isolate it by controlling all ground lines of communications and reinforcement. (ADP 3-90)
encircling force - In pursuit operations, the force which maneuvers to the rear or flank of the enemy to block
the enemy's escape so that the enemy can be destroyed between the direct pressure force and encircling force. This force advances or flies along routes parallel to the enemy's line of retreat. If the encircling force cannot outdistance the enemy to cut the enemy off, the encircling force may also attack the flank of a
retreating enemy. (FM 3-90-1) See also block, destroy, direct pressure force, **envelopment**.
end delivery tonnage - The through tonnage, in short tons, of payload that is delivered at the end of the railway
line (railhead) each day. Also called EDT. (ATP 4-14)
end evening civil twilight - (DOD) The point in time when the sun has dropped 6 degrees beneath the western
horizon, and is the instant at which there is no longer sufficient light to see objects with the unaided eye. Also called EECT. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
end of evening nautical twilight - (DOD) The point in time when the sun has dropped 12 degrees below the
western horizon, and is the instant of last available daylight for the visual control of limited military operations. Also called EENT. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16.
end state - (DOD) The set of required conditions that defines achievement of the commander's objectives.
(JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-13, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, ATP 2-01.3,
ATP 3-21.10.
enemy - A party identified as hostile against which the use of force is authorized. (ADP 3-0) enemy combatant - (DOD) In general, a person engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition
partners during an armed conflict. Also called EC. (DODD 2310.01E) Referenced in FM 6-27.
engage - (DOD) In air and missile defense, a fire control order used to direct or authorize units and/or weapon
systems to attack a designated target. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7.
engagement - (DOD) 1. An attack against an air or missile threat. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-07,
ATP 3-01.8. 2. A tactical conflict, usually between opposing lower echelons maneuver forces. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-07, ATP 3-01.8.
engagement area - An area where the commander intends to contain and destroy an enemy force with the
massed effects of all available weapons and supporting systems. Also called EA. (ADP 3-90)
engagement authority - (DOD) An authority vested with a joint force commander that may be delegated to a
subordinate commander, that permits an engagement decision. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87.
engagement criteria - Protocols that specify those circumstances for initiating engagement with an enemy
force. (FM 3-90-1) See also decision point, engagement, **engagement area**.
establishing directive - (DOD) An order issued to specify the purpose of the support relationship. (JP 3-02)
Referenced in FM 6-05.
engagement priority - Specifies the order in which the unit engages enemy systems or functions. (FM 3-90-1) engineer regulating point - Checkpoint to ensure that vehicles do not exceed the capacity of the crossing
means and to give drivers final instructions on site-specific procedures and information, such as speed and vehicle interval. Also called ERP. (ATP 3-90.4)
engineer work line - A coordinated boundary or phase line used to compartmentalize an area of operations to
indicate where specific engineer units have primary responsibility for the engineer effort. (FM 3-34)
en route care - The care required to maintain the phased treatment initiated prior to evacuation and the
sustainment of the patient's medical condition during evacuation. (ATP 4-02.2)
envelopment - A form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to avoid the principal enemy defenses by
seizing objectives behind those defenses that allow the targeted enemy force to be destroyed in their current positions. (FM 3-90-1)
environmental assessment - A study to determine if significant environmental impacts are expected from a
proposed action. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental compliance - The unconditional obeying of international, foreign nation, federal, state, and
local environmental rules, regulations, and guidelines that affect current operations. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental conditions report - A concise summary of events or situations that created a negative or
positive change in environmental conditions at a base camp site. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental modification technique - Any method of warfare for changingthrough the deliberate
manipulation of natural processesthe dynamics, composition, or structure of the Earth (to include its
biota, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere) or outer space. (FM 6-27)
environmental protection level - The varying level of environmental protection that can reasonably be
afforded at any particular time during military operations, given the absolute requirement that such a diversion of resources away from the mission at hand does not adversely affect that mission, any friendly personnel, or indigenous or refugee populations. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental reconnaissance - The systematic observation and recording of site or area data collected by
visual or physical means, dealing specifically with environmental conditions as they exist, and identifying areas that are environmentally sensitive or of relative environmental concern, for information and decisionmaking purposes. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental restoration - The systematic removal of pollution or contaminants from the environment,
especially from the soil or groundwater, by physical, chemical, or biological means; also known as remediation or environmental cleanup. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental services - Environmental services are the various combinations of scientific, technical, and
advisory activities (including modification processes and the influence of man-made and natural factors) required to acquire, produce, and supply information on the past, present, and future states of space, atmospheric, oceanographic, and terrestrial surroundings for use in military planning and decisionmaking processes or to modify those surroundings to enhance military operations. (ATP 3-34.5)
environmental stewardship - The integration and application of environmental values into the military
mission to sustain readiness, improve the quality of life, strengthen civil relations, and preserve valuable natural resources. (ATP 3-34.5)
esoteric communications - Public statements whose surface meaning (manifest content) does not reveal the
real purpose, meaning, or significance (latent content) of the author. (ATP 2-22.9)
essential care - Medical care and treatment within the theater of operations and which is mission, enemy,
terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, and civil considerations-dependent. It includes first responder care, initial resuscitation and stabilization as well as treatment and hospitalization. Forward care may include stabilizing surgery to ensure the patient can tolerate further evacuation as well as en route care during evacuation. The objective is to either return the patient to duty within the theater evacuation policy, or to begin initial treatment required for optimization of outcome. (FM 4-02)
essential element of friendly information - A critical aspect of a friendly operation that, if known by a threat
would subsequently compromise, lead to failure, or limit success of the operation and therefore should be
protected from enemy detection. Also called EEFI. (ADP 5-0) See also commander's critical information requirement.
essential dental care - Dental care necessary to intercept potential emergencies to prevent lost duty time and
preserve fighting strength. (ATP 4-02.19)
essential task - (Army) A specified or implied task that must be executed to accomplish the mission. (FM 6-0)
See also implied task, **specified task**.
estimative intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence that identifies, describes, and forecasts adversary capabilities and
the implications for planning and executing military operations. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 2-0.
evacuation - (DOD) The ordered or authorized departure of noncombatant evacuees from a specific area to
another in the same or different countries by Department of State, Department of Defense, or appropriate military commander. (JP 3-68) Referenced in ATP 3-05.68.
evacuee - (DOD) A civilian removed from a place of residence by military direction for reasons of personal
security or the requirements of the military situation. See also displaced person; refugee. (JP 3-57) Referenced in ATP 3-05.68, ATP 3-07.31.
evader - (DOD) Any person isolated in hostile or unfriendly territory who eludes capture. (JP 3-50) Referenced
in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22.
evaluating - Using indicators to judge progress toward desired conditions and determining why the current
degree of progress exists. (ADP 5-0)
evasion - (DOD) The process whereby isolated personnel avoid capture with the goal of successfully returning
to areas under friendly control. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22.
evasion plan of action - (DOD) A course of action, developed prior to executing a combat mission, that is
intended to improve a potential isolated person's chances of successful evasion and recovery by providing
the recovery forces with an additional source of information that can increase the predictability of the
evader's action and movement. Also called EPA. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.3, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.22.
event matrix - (DOD) A cross-referenced description of the indicators and activity expected to occur in each
named area of interest. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16.
event template - (DOD) A guide for collection planning that depicts the named areas of interest where activity,
or its lack of activity, will indicate which course of action the adversary has adopted. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16.
execution - The act of putting a plan into action by applying combat power to accomplish the mission and
adjusting operations based on changes in the situation. (ADP 5-0) See also adjustment decision, combat power, execution decision, **situational understanding**.
execution matrix - A visual representation of subordinate tasks in relationship to each other over time.
(ADP 5-0)
executive agent - (DOD) A delegation of authority by the Secretary of Defense or Deputy Secretary of Defense
to a subordinate to act on behalf of the Secretary of Defense. Also called EA. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 4-0, ATP 4-44, ATP 4-93.
exfiltrate - A tactical mission task where a commander removes Soldiers or units from areas under enemy
control by stealth, deception, surprise, or clandestine means. (FM 3-90-1)
exfiltration - (DOD) The removal of personnel or units from areas under enemy control by stealth, deception,
surprise, or clandestine means. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.50.
explicit knowledge - Codified or formally documented knowledge organized and transferred to others through
digital or non-digital means. (ATP 6-01.1)
exploitation - (DOD) 1. Taking full advantage of success in military operations, following up initial gains, and
making permanent the temporary effects already created. Referenced in ATP 3-90.15. 2. Taking full advantage of any information that has come to hand for tactical, operational, or strategic purposes. Referenced in ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-90.15, ATP 4-32. 3. An offensive operation that usually follows a successful attack and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 2-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-90.15, ATP 3-90.98. (Army) A type of offensive operation that usually follows a successful attack and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth. (ADP 3-90)
explosive hazards - A condition where danger exists because explosives are present that may react in a mishap
with potential unacceptable effects to people, property, operational capability, or the environment. (FM 4-30)
explosive ordnance - (DOD) All munitions and improvised or clandestine explosive devices, containing
explosives, propellants, nuclear fission or fusion materials, and biological and chemical agents. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 4-32, ATP 4-32.2.
explosive ordnance disposal - (DOD) The detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering safe,
exploitation, recovery, and final disposal of explosive ordnance. Also called EOD. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 4-32.2. (Army) The detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering safe, exploitation, recovery, and final disposal of explosive ordnance. (FM 4-30)
explosive ordnance disposal incident - (NATO) The suspected or detected presence of unexploded explosive
ordnance, or damaged explosive ordnance, which constitutes a hazard to operations, installations, personnel or material. Not included in this definition are the accidental arming or other conditions that develop during the manufacture of high explosive material, technical service assembly operations or the laying of mines and demolition charges. (STANAG 3680) Referenced in ATP 4-32.
explosive ordnance disposal procedures - (NATO) Those particular courses or modes of action taken by
explosive ordnance disposal personnel for access to, diagnosis, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of explosive ordnance or any hazardous material associated with an explosive ordnance disposal incident. a. Access procedures - Those actions taken to locate exactly and to gain access to unexploded explosive
ordnance. b. Diagnostic procedures - Those actions taken to identify and evaluate unexploded explosive
ordnance. c. Render safe procedures - The portion of the explosive ordnance disposal procedures involving the application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components of unexploded explosive ordnance to prevent an unacceptable detonation. d. Recovery procedures - Those actions taken to recover unexploded explosive ordnance. e. Final disposal procedures - The final disposal of explosive ordnance which may include demolition or burning in place, removal to a disposal area or other appropriate means. (STANAG 3680) Referenced in ATP 4-32.
explosive ordnance disposal unit - (DOD) Personnel with special training and equipment who render
explosive ordnance safe, make intelligence reports on such ordnance, and supervise the safe removal thereof. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 4-32.
exterior lines - Lines on which a force operates when its operations converge on the enemy. (ADP 3-0) external support contract - (DOD) Contract awarded by Contracting organizations whose Contracting
authority does not derive directly from the theater support Contracting head(s) of a Contracting activity or from systems support Contracting authorities. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ADP 4-0, ATP 4-10.

## F

facility - (DOD) A real property entity consisting of one or more of the following: a building, a structure, a
utility system, pavement, and underlying land. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 3-22.40, ATP 4-13.
far side objective - A defined location oriented on terrain or an enemy force that an assaulting force seizes to
eliminate enemy direct fires to prevent the enemy from interfering with the reduction of the obstacle and allow follow-on forces to move securely through the created lanes. (ATP 3-90.4)
federal service - (DOD) A term applied to National Guard members and units when called to active duty to
serve the United States Government under Article I, Section 8 and Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution and the Title 10, United States Code, Sections 12401 to 12408. (JP 4-05) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
feint - (DOD) In military deception, an offensive action involving contact with the adversary conducted for the
purpose of deceiving the adversary as to the location and/or time of the actual main offensive action. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5.
field army - An echelon of command that employs multiple corps, divisions, multi-functional brigades, and
functional brigades to achieve objectives on land. (ADP 3-90)
field artillery - (DOD) Equipment, supplies, ammunition, and personnel involved in the use of cannon, rocket,
or surface-to-surface missile launchers. Also called FA. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-96.1. (Army) The equipment, supplies, ammunition, and personnel involved in the use of indirect fire cannon, rocket, or surface-to-surface missile launchers. (FM 3-09)
field confirmatory identification - The employment of technologies with increased specificity and sensitivity
by technical forces in a field environment to identify chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear hazard with a moderate level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary to support follow-on tactical decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
field force engineering - The application of the Engineer Regiment capabilities from the three engineer
disciplines (primarily general engineering) to support operations through reachback and forward presence. (FM 3-34)
field historian - An Army historian, military or civilian, that serves outside of the Center of Military History
documenting, recording, and reporting the official history of the Army at the command and unit levels. (ATP 1-20)
field maintenance - On system maintenance, repair and return to the user including maintenance actions
performed by operators. (FM 4-30)
field of fire - The area that a weapon or group of weapons may cover effectively from a given position.
(FM 3-90-1)
field services - Includes aerial delivery, food service, shower and laundry, mortuary affairs, and water
purification. These services enhance unit effectiveness and mission success by providing for Soldier basic needs. (ADP 4-0)
fighter engagement zone - (DOD) In air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the
responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with fighter aircraft. Also called FEZ. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15.
final coordination line - A phase line close to the enemy position used to coordinate the lifting or shifting of
supporting fires with the final deployment of maneuver elements. Also called FCL. (ADP 3-90)
final protective fire - (DOD) An immediately available prearranged barrier of fire designed to impede enemy
movement across defensive lines or areas. Also called FPF. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.98.
final protective line - A selected line of fire where an enemy assault is to be checked by interlocking fire from
all available weapons and obstacles. Also called FPL. (ATP 3-21.10)
finance operations - The execution of the joint financial management mission to provide financial advice and
guidance, support the procurement process, provide pay support, and provide banking and disbursing support. (FM 1-06)
financial management - The sustainment of U.S. Army, joint, interagency, interdepartmental, and
multinational operations through the execution of two mutually supporting core functions, resource management and finance operations. These two functions are comprised of the following core competencies: fund the force, banking and disbursing support, pay support, accounting support and cost management, financial management planning and operations, and management internal controls. (FM 1-06)
fire and movement - The concept of applying fires from all sources to suppress, neutralize, or destroy the
enemy, and the tactical movement of combat forces in relation to the enemy (as components of maneuver, applicable at all echelons). At the squad level, it entails a team placing suppressive fire on the enemy as another team moves against or around the enemy. (FM 3-96)
fire direction center - (DOD) That element of a command post, consisting of gunnery and communications
personnel and equipment, by means of which the commander exercises fire direction and/or fire control. Also called FDC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-01.85.
fire plan - A tactical plan for using the weapons of a unit or formation so that their fire will be coordinated.
(FM 3-09)
fires - (DOD) The use of weapon systems or other actions to create specific lethal or nonlethal effects on a
target. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-96, FM 6-05, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.98.
fire strike - The massed, synchronized, and nearly simultaneous delivery of primarily terminally guided
indirect fire and area munitions. (FM 3-90-2)
fire superiority - That degree of dominance in the fires of one force over another that permits that force to
conduct maneuver at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the enemy. (FM 3-90-1) See also maneuver.
fire support - (DOD) Fires that directly support land, maritime, amphibious, space, cyberspace, and special
operations forces to engage enemy forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit of tactical and operational objectives. (JP 3-09) Referenced in ADP 3-19, FM 3-96, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
fire support area - (DOD) An appropriate maneuver area assigned to fire support ships by the naval force
commander from which they can deliver gunfire support to an amphibious operation. Also called FSA. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-21.90.
fire support coordination - (DOD) The planning and executing of fire so targets are adequately covered by a
suitable weapon or group of weapons. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42,
ATP 3-90.5.
fire support coordination center - (DOD) A single site in which centralized communications facilities and
personnel incident to the coordination of all forms of fire support for Marine forces are located. Also called FSCC. (JP 3-09) Referenced in ATP 3-60.2.
fire support coordination line - (DOD) A fire support coordination measure established by the land or
amphibious force commander to support common objectives within an area of operation, beyond which all fires must be coordinated with affected commanders prior to engagement and, short of the line, all fires must be coordinated with the establishing commander prior to engagement. Also called FSCL. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-94.2.
fire support coordination measure - (DOD) A measure employed by commanders to facilitate the rapid
engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Also called FSCM. (JP 3-0). Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-09, FM 3-99, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-52.1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-90.5.
fire support coordinator - The brigade combat team's organic field artillery battalion commander; if a fires
brigade is designated as the division force field artillery headquarters, the fires brigade commander is the division's fire support coordinator and is assisted by the chief of fires who then serves as the deputy fire support coordinator during the period the force field artillery headquarters is in effect. (FM 3-09) See also
fire support.
fire support officer - (Army) The field artillery officer from the operational to tactical level responsible for
advising the supported commander or assisting the senior fires officer of the organization on fires functions and fire support. (FM 3-09)
fire support plan - A plan that that addresses each means of fire support available and describes how Army
indirect fires, joint fires, and target acquisition are integrated with maneuver to facilitate operational success. (FM 3-09)
fire support planning - The continuing process of analyzing, allocating, and scheduling fires to describe how
fires are used to facilitate the actions of the maneuver force. (FM 3-09)
fire support station - (DOD) An exact location at sea within a fire support area from which a fire support ship
delivers fire. Also called FSS. (JP 3-02) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-21.90.
fire support team - (DOD) A field artillery team provided for each maneuver company/troop and selected
units to plan and coordinate all supporting fires available to the unit, including mortars, field artillery, naval surface fire support, and close air support integration. Also called FIST. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-09.30. (Army) A field artillery team organic to each maneuver battalion and selected units to plan and coordinate all available company supporting fires, including mortars, field artillery, naval surface fire support, and close air support integration. (FM 3-09)
fires warfighting function - The related tasks and systems that create and converge effects in all domains
against the adversary or enemy to enable operations across the range of military operations. (ADP 3-0)
fire team - A small military unit typically containing four or fewer Soldiers. (ADP 3-90) first aid (self-aid/buddy aid) - Urgent and immediate lifesaving and other measures which can be performed
for casualties (or performed by the victim himself) by nonmedical personnel when medical personnel are not immediately available. (FM 4-02)
fix - A tactical mission task where a commander prevents the enemy from moving any part of that force from a
specific location for a specific period. Fix is also an obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to slow an attacker's movement within a specified area, normally an engagement area. (FM 3-90-1)
See also block, contain, disrupt, support by fire, tactical mission task, **turn**.
fixing force - A force designated to supplement the striking force by preventing the enemy from moving from a
specific area for a specific time. (ADP 3-90)
flank - The right or left limit of a unit. (ADP 3-90) flank attack - A form of offensive maneuver directed at the flank of an enemy. (FM 3-90-1) flanking position - A geographical location on the flank of the force from which effective fires can be placed
on that flank. (ADP 3-90)
flexible deterrent option - (DOD) A planning construct intended to facilitate early decision making by
developing a wide range of interrelated responses that begin with deterrent-oriented actions carefully tailored to create a desired effect. Also called FDO. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-0.
flexible response - (DOD) The capability of military forces for effective reaction to any enemy threat or attack
with actions appropriate and adaptable to the circumstances existing. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-0.
flexibility - The employment of a versatile mix of capabilities, formations, and equipment for conducting
operations. (ADP 3-0)
follow and assume - A tactical mission task in which a second committed force follows a force conducting an
offensive task and is prepared to continue the mission if the lead force is fixed, attrited, or unable to
continue. (FM 3-90-1) See also attack, fix, follow and support, offensive operations, tactical mission task.
follow and support - A tactical mission task in which a committed force follows and supports a lead force
conducting an offensive task. (FM 3-90-1) See also direct pressure force, encircling force, **exploitation**, follow and assume, offensive operations, **tactical mission task**.
follow-on echelon - Those additional forces moved into the objective area after the assault echelon. (FM 3-99)
See also air assault operation, **assault echelon**.
force closure - (DOD) The point in time when a supported commander determines that sufficient personnel and
equipment resources are in the assigned operational area to carry out assigned tasks. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-35.
force field artillery headquarters - If designated by the supported commander, is normally the senior field
artillery headquarters organic, assigned, attached, or placed under the operational control of that command. The supported commander specifies the commensurate responsibilities of the force field artillery headquarters and the duration of those responsibilities. (FM 3-09)
force health protection - (DOD) Measures to promote, improve, or conserve the behavioral and physical wellbeing of Service members to enable a healthy and fit force, prevent injury and illness, and protect the force from health hazards. Also called FHP. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 4-02, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 4-02.55, ATP 4-02.84. (Army) 2. Encompasses measures to promote, improve, conserve or restore the mental or physical well-being of Soldiers. These measures enable a healthy and fit force, prevent injury and illness, and protect the force from health hazards. These measures also include the prevention aspects of a number of Army Medical Department functions (preventive medicine, including medical surveillance and occupational and environmental health surveillance; veterinary services, including the food inspection and animal care missions, and the prevention of zoonotic disease transmissible to man; combat and operational stress control; dental services (preventive dentistry); and laboratory services [area medical laboratory support]. (FM 4-02)
force projection - (DOD) The ability to project the military instrument of national power from the United
States or another theater, in response to requirements for military operations. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-96.
force protection - (DOD) Preventive measures taken to mitigate hostile actions against Department of Defense
personnel (to include family members), resources, facilities, and critical information. Also called FP. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-37, FM 4-0, FM 4-01, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-90.98.
force protection condition - (DOD) A Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-approved standard for
identification of and recommended responses to terrorist threats against United States personnel and
facilities. Also called FPCON. (JP 3-26) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
force tailoring - The process of determining the right mix of forces and the sequence of their deployment in
support of a joint force commander. (ADP 3-0)
forcible entry - (DOD) Seizing and holding of a military lodgment in the face of armed opposition or forcing
access into a denied area to allow movement and maneuver to accomplish the mission. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-99, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-91, ATP 3-92.
foreign assistance - (DOD) Assistance to foreign nations ranging from the sale of military equipment and
support for foreign internal defense to donations of food and medical supplies to aid survivors of natural and man-made disasters that may be provided through development Assistance, humanitarian Assistance, and security Assistance. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-57.
foreign disaster relief - (DOD) Assistance that can be used immediately to alleviate the suffering of foreign
disaster victims that normally includes services and commodities, as well as the rescue and evacuation of victims; the provision and transportation of food, water, clothing, medicines, beds, bedding, and temporary shelter; the furnishing of medical equipment and medical and technical personnel; and making repairs to essential services. (JP 3-29) Referenced in ATP 3-57.20.
foreign humanitarian assistance - (DOD) Department of Defense activities conducted outside the United
States and its territories to directly relieve or reduce human suffering, disease, hunger, or privation. Also called FHA. (JP 3-29) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-57, ATP 1-06.2, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-92.
foreign instrumentation signals intelligence - (DOD) A subcategory of signals intelligence consisting of
technical information and intelligence derived from the intercept of foreign electromagnetic emissions associated with the testing and operational deployment of non-United States aerospace, surface, and subsurface systems. Also called FISINT. (JP 2-01) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ATP 3-05.20.
foreign internal defense - (DOD) Participation by civilian agencies and military forces of a government or
international organizations in any of the programs and activities undertaken by a host nation government to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security. Also called FID. (JP 3-22) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-07, FM 3-0, FM 3-05, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 3-57, FM 3-96, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-93.
foreign military sales - (DOD) That portion of United States security assistance for sales programs that require
agreements/contracts between the United States Government and an authorized recipient government or international organization for defense articles and services to be provided to the recipient for current stocks or new procurements under Department of Defense-managed contracts, regardless of the source of financing. Also called FMS. (JP 3-20) Referenced in ATP 3-57.30, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended; Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended.
foreign security forces - Forces, including, but not limited to military, paramilitary, police, and intelligence
forces; border police, coast guard, and customs officials; and prison guards and correctional personnel, that
provide security for a host nation and its relevant population or support a regional security organization's
mission. (FM 3-22)
forensic-enabled intelligence - (DOD) The intelligence resulting from the integration of scientifically
examined materials and other information to establish full characterization, attribution, and the linkage of events, locations, items, signatures, nefarious intent, and persons of interest. Also called FEI. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0.
forms of maneuver - Distinct tactical combinations of fire and movement with a unique set of doctrinal
characteristics that differ primarily in the relationship between the maneuvering force and the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
forward air controller - (DOD) An officer (aviator/pilot) member of the tactical air control party who, from a
forward ground or airborne position, controls aircraft in close air support of ground troops. Also called
FAC. See also close air support. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 4-01.45.
forward air controller (airborne) - (DOD) A specifically trained and qualified aviation officer, normally an
airborne extension of the tactical air control party, who exercises control from the air of aircraft engaged in close air support of ground troops . Also called FAC(A). (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 4-01.45.
forward arming and refueling point - (DOD) A temporary facility, organized, equipped, and deployed, to
provide fuel and ammunition necessary for the employment of aviation maneuver units in combat. Also
called **FARP**. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-17.2.
forward boundary - A boundary of an echelon that is primarily designated to divide responsibilities between it
and its next higher echelon (FM 3-90-1)
forward edge of the battle area - (DOD) The foremost limits of a series of areas in which ground combat
units are deployed to coordinate fire support, The positioning of forces, or The maneuver of units, excluding areas in which covering or screening forces are operating. Also called FEBA. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1.
forward line of own troops - (DOD) A line that indicates the most forward positions of friendly forces in any
kind of military operation at a specific time. Also called FLOT. (JP 3-03) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 6-02.53.
forward logistics element - Comprised of task-organized multifunctional logistics assets designed to support
fast-moving offensive operations in the early phases of decisive action. Also called FLE. (ATP 4-90)
forward-looking infrared - (DOD) An airborne, electro-optical, thermal imaging device that detects farinfrared energy, converts the energy into an electronic signal, and provides a visible image for day or night viewing. Also called FLIR. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-06.1.
forward observer - (DOD) An individual operating with front line troops trained to adjust ground or naval
gunfire and pass back battlefield information. Also called FO. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.20.
forward operating base - (DOD) An airfield used to support tactical operations without establishing full
support facilities. Also called FOB. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ATP 3-21.20.
forward operating site - (DOD) A scalable location outside the United States and its territories intended for
rotational use by operating forces. Also called FOS. (JP 4-04) Referenced in ATP 3-17.2.
forward passage of lines - Occurs when a unit passes through another unit's positions while moving toward
the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
forward resuscitative surgery - Urgent initial surgery required to render a patient transportable for further
evacuation to a medical treatment facility staffed and equipped to provide for the patient's care. (FM 4-02)
463L system - (DOD) A material handling system that consists of military and civilian aircraft cargo restraint
rail systems, aircraft pallets, nets, tie down, coupling devices, facilities, handling equipment, procedures, and other components designed to efficiently accomplish the air logistics and aerial delivery mission. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
fragmentary order - (DOD) An abbreviated operation order issued as needed to change or modify an order or
to execute a branch or sequel. Also called FRAGORD. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.90.
fratricide - The unintentional killing or wounding of friendly or neutral personnel by friendly firepower.
(ADP 3-37)
free-fire area - (DOD) A specific region into which any weapon system may fire without additional
coordination with the establishing headquarters. Also called FFA. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-21.90.
frequency deconfliction - (DOD) A systematic management procedure to coordinate the use of the
electromagnetic spectrum for operations, communications, and intelligence functions. (JP 3-85) Referenced
in ATP 3-12.3, ATP 6-02.70.
friendly - (DOD) A contact positively identified as a friend using identification, friend or foe and other
techniques. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ADP 3-37.
friendly force information requirement - (DOD) Information the commander and staff need to understand
the status of friendly force and supporting capabilities. Also called FFIR. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 6-0, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-22.9, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-20.98, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-02.2.
friendly force tracking - (DOD) The process of fixing, observing, and reporting the location and movement of
friendly forces. Also called FFT. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
frontal attack - A form of maneuver in which the attacking force seeks to destroy a weaker enemy force or fix
a larger enemy force in place over a broad front. (FM 3-90-1)
function - (DOD) The broad, general, and enduring role for which an organization is designed, equipped, and
trained. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 1-01, FM 1-04, FM 1-05.
fusion - Consolidating, combining, and correlating information together. (ADP 2-0)

## G

gap - 1. An area free of armed mines or obstacles whose width and direction allow a friendly force to pass
through while dispersed in a tactical formation. (FM 1-02.1) 3. A ravine, mountain pass, river, or other terrain feature that presents an obstacle that may be bridged. (ATP 3-90.4)
gap crossing - The projection of combat power across a linear obstacle (wet or dry gap). (ATP 3-90.4) general engineering - (DOD) Those engineering capabilities and activities, other than combat engineering, that
provide infrastructure and modify, maintain, or protect the physical environment. Also called GE. (JP 3-34)
Referenced in ADP 4-0.
general license - A document that generally or partially relaxes the exercise of the rights of war in regards to
trade in relation to any community or individuals liable to be affected by their operation. (FM 6-27)
general support - (DOD) 1. Support given to the Supported force as a whole and not to any particular
subdivision thereof. Also called GS. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-09.60, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-02.2.
general supportreinforcing - (Army) A support relationship assigned to a unit to support the force as a whole
and to reinforce another similar-type unit. (FM 3-0)
generated obscuration - Obscuration produced by generator systems, smoke pots, and hand grenades.
(ATP 3-11.50)
geospatial data and information - The geographic-referenced and tactical objects and events that support the
unit mission, task, and purpose. (ATP 3-34.80)
geospatial engineering - (DOD) Those engineering capabilities and activities that contribute to a clear
understanding of the physical environment by providing geospatial information and services to commanders and staffs. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 2-22.7.
geospatial information - (DOD) Information that identifies the geographic location and characteristics of
natural or constructed features and boundaries on the Earth, including: statistical data and information derived from, among other things, remote sensing, mapping, and surveying technologies; and mapping, charting, geodetic data and related products. (JP 2-03) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ATP 2-22.7.
geospatial information and services - (DOD) The collection, information extraction, storage, dissemination,
and exploitation of geodetic, geomagnetic, imagery, gravimetric, aeronautical, topographic, hydrographic, littoral, cultural, and toponymic data accurately referenced to a precise location on the Earth's surface. Also called GI&S. (JP 2-03) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 2-22.7.
geospatial intelligence - (DOD) The exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial information to
describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on the Earth. geospatial intelligence consists of imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial information. Also called GEOINT. (JP 2-03) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0, FM 3-14, FM 3-16, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 2-22.7, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-96.1.
global distribution - (DOD) The process that coordinates and synchronizes fulfillment of joint force
requirements from the point of origin to point of employment. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ADP 4-0.
global engagement manager - Provides automated tools and decision aids that enable commanders to exercise
mission command of ballistic missile defense forces deployed within the combatant command area of responsibility. (ATP 3-27.5)
global force management - (DOD) Processes that align force assignment, apportionment, and allocation
methodologies in support of strategic guidance. Also called GFM. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-35.
Global Positioning System - (DOD) A satellite-based radio navigation system operated by the Department of
Defense to provide all military, civil, and commercial users with precise positioning, navigation, and timing. Also called GPS. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-14.3.
governance - (DOD) The state's ability to serve the citizens through the rules, processes, and behavior by
which interests are articulated, resources are managed, and power is exercised in a society. (JP 3-24) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 3-96.
government-in-exile - A government that has been displaced from its country, but remains recognized as the
legitimate sovereign authority. (ATP 3-05.1)
government-owned containers - Containers purchased by the U.S. Government identified by ISO numbers
starting with USAU or USAX. (ATP 4-12)
grade resistance - The resistance offered by a grade to the progress of a train. Also called GR. (ATP 4-14) graphic control measure - A symbol used on maps and displays to regulate forces and warfighting functions.
(ADP 6-0)
ground-based interceptor - (DOD) A fixed-based, surface-to-air missile for defense against long-range
ballistic missiles using an exo-atmospheric hit-to-kill interception of the targeted reentry vehicle in the midcourse phase of flight. Also called GBI. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.3.
ground-based midcourse defense - (DOD) A surface-to-air ballistic missile defense system for exoatmospheric midcourse phase interception of long-range ballistic missiles using the ground-based interceptors. Also called GMD. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.3, ATP 3-27.5.
gross trailing load - The maximum tonnage that a locomotive can move under given conditions. Also called
GTL. (ATP 4-14)
guard - A type of security operation done to protect the main body by fighting to gain time while preventing
enemy ground observation of and direct fire against the main body. (ADP 3-90)
guard rail - A rail or series of rails that lay parallel to the running rails of a track that help prevent derailments
by holding wheels in alignment and keeping derailed wheels on the ties. (ATP 4-14)
guarded frequencies - (DOD) A list of time-oriented, enemy frequencies that are currently being exploited for
combat information and intelligence or jammed after the commander has weighed the potential operational gain against the loss of the technical information. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
guerrilla - An irregular, predominantly indigenous member of a guerrilla force organized similar to military
concepts and structure in order to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory. Although a guerrilla and guerrilla forces can exist independent of an insurgency, guerrillas normally operate in covert and overt resistance operations of an insurgency. (ATP 3-05.1)
guerrilla base - A temporary site where guerrilla installations, headquarters, and some guerrilla units are
located. A guerrilla base is considered to be transitory and must be capable of rapid displacement by personnel within the base. (ATP 3-05.1)
guerrilla force - (DOD) A group of irregular, predominantly indigenous personnel organized along military
lines to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-18.1.
guerrilla warfare - Military and paramilitary operations conducted in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory
by irregular, predominantly indigenous, guerrilla forces to reduce the effectiveness, industrial capacity, and morale of the enemy. (ATP 3-18.1)
gun-target line - (DOD) An imaginary straight line from gun to target. Also called GTL. (JP 3-09.3)
Referenced in ATP 3-09.30.

## H

hasty breach - (DOD) The creation of lanes through enemy minefields by expedient methods such as blasting
with demolitions, pushing rollers or disabled vehicles through the minefields when the time factor does not permit detailed reconnaissance, deliberate breaching, or bypassing the obstacle. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 3-21.20.
hasty crossing - The crossing of an inland water obstacle or other gap using the crossing means at hand or
those readily available, and made without pausing for elaborate preparations. (ATP 3-90.4)
hasty operation - An operation in which a commander directs immediately available forces, using fragmentary
orders, to perform tasks with minimal preparation, trading planning and preparation time for speed of execution. (ADP 3-90)
hazard - (DOD) A condition with the potential to cause injury, illness, or death of personnel; damage to or loss
of equipment or property; or mission degradation. (JP 3-33) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-37, FM 3-11, FM 3-14, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.90.
hazardous waste - A solid waste that is listed as such in federal law or exhibits any of the hazardous
characteristics of ignitability, corrosiveness, reactivity, or toxicity. Also called HW. (ATP 3-34.5)
hazardous waste accumulation site - A specially designated site for the temporary collection of hazardous
wastes where no container may remain on site without permit for more than a specified duration, of which is correlative to the amount of refuse stored. (ATP 3-34.5)
health service support - (DOD) All services performed, provided, or arranged to promote, improve, conserve,
or restore the mental or physical well-being of personnel. Also called HSS. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 4-02, ATP 4-02.55, ATP 4-02.84. (Army) Health service support encompasses all support and services performed, provided, and arranged by the Army Medical Department to promote, improve, conserve, or restore the mental and physical well-being of personnel in the Army. Additionally, as directed, provide support in other Services, agencies, and organizations. This includes casualty care (encompassing a number of Army Medical Department functionsorganic and area medical support, hospitalization, the treatment aspects of dental care and behavioral/neuropsychiatric treatment, clinical laboratory services, and treatment of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear patients), medical evacuation, and medical logistics. (FM 4-02)
health surveillance - (DOD) The regular or repeated collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related
data and the dissemination of information to monitor the health of a population and to identify potential health risks, thereby enabling timely interventions to prevent, treat, reduce, or control disease and injury, which includes occupational and environmental health surveillance and medical surveillance subcomponents. (JP 4-02.) Referenced in ATP 4-02.7.
H-hour - (DOD) 1. The specific hour on D-day at which a particular operation commences. (JP 5-0)
Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 3-99, FM 6-0.
high-payoff target - (DOD) A target whose loss to the enemy will significantly contribute to the success of the
friendly course of action. Also called HPT. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-96, ATP 2-01.3, ATP
2-19.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-
92, ATP 3-90.98.
high-payoff target list - A prioritized list of high-payoff targets by phase of the operation. (FM 3-09) high-risk personnel - (DOD) Personnel who, by their grade, assignment, symbolic value, or relative isolation,
are likely to be attractive or accessible terrorist targets. Also called HRP. (JP 3-26) Referenced in ADP 3-37.
high-value airborne asset protection - (DOD) A defensive counterair mission using fighter escorts that
defend airborne national assets which are so important that the loss of even one could seriously impact United States warfighting capabilities or provide the enemy with significant propaganda value. Also called HVAA protection. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-55.6.
high-value individual - A person of interest who is identified, surveilled, tracked, influenced, or engaged. Also
called HVI. (ATP 3-60)
high-value target - (DOD) A target the enemy commander requires for the successful completion of the
mission. Also called HVT. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-96, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-90.98.
historical documents - Documents, materials, and data collected by the field historian to supplement the
official record. (ATP 1-20)
historical monograph - An in-depth, systematically researched and presented historical work that focuses on a
single subject or event. (ATP 1-20)
homing - (DOD) The technique whereby a mobile station directs itself, or is directed, towards a source of
primary or reflected energy, or to a specified point. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
homeland - (DOD) The physical region that includes the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, United
States territories, and surrounding territorial waters and airspace. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28, ATP 2-91.7.
homeland defense - (DOD) The protection of United States sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and
critical infrastructure against external threats and aggression or other threats as directed by the President. Also called HD. (JP 3-27) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-28, FM 3-57, ATP 4-32.
homeland security - (DOD) A concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States;
reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, major disasters, and other emergencies; and minimize the damage and recover from attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies that occur. Also called HS. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
honor - The law of armed conflict principle that demands a certain amount of fairness in offense and defense
and a certain mutual respect between opposing forces. Also called chivalry. (FM 6-27)
hostile act - (DOD) An attack or other use of force against the United States, United States forces, or other
designated persons or property to preclude or impede the mission and/or duties of United States forces, including the recovery of United States personnel or vital United States Government property. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 3-22.40.
hostile environment - (DOD) Operational environment in which host government forces, whether opposed to
or receptive to operations that a unit intends to conduct, do not have control of the territory and population
in the intended operational area. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-14.
hostile intent - (DOD) The threat of imminent use of force against the United States, United States forces, or
other designated persons or property. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-22.40, ATP 4-02.55.
host nation - (DOD) A nation which receives forces and/or supplies from allied nations and/or North Atlantic
Treaty Organization to be located on, to operate in, or to transit through its territory. Also called HN. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-53, FM 3-57, FM 4-01, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 4-15, ATP 4-43,
ATP 6-02.70.
host-nation support - (DOD) Civil and/or military assistance rendered by a nation to foreign forces within its
territory during peacetime, crises or emergencies, or war based on agreements mutually concluded between nations. Also called HNS. (JP 4-0) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-57, FM 4-01, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-15.
hub - (DOD) An organization that sorts and distributes inbound cargo from wholesale supply sources (airlifted,
sealifted, and ground transportable) and/or from within the theater. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01. (Army) An organization that sorts and distributes inbound cargo from multiple supply sources. (ATP 4-11)
hub and spoke distribution - (DOD) A physical distribution system, in which a major port serves as a central
point from which cargo is moved to and from several radiating points to increase transportation efficiencies and in-transit visibility. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
human factors - (DOD) The physical, cultural, psychological, and behavioral attributes of an individual or
group that influence perceptions, understanding, and interactions. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
human intelligence - (DOD) A category of intelligence derived from information collected and provided by
human sources. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 3-16, FM 3-24, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-96.1. (Army) The collection by a trained human intelligence collector of foreign information from people and multimedia to identify elements, intentions, composition, strength, dispositions, tactics, equipment, and capabilities. Also called HUMINT. (ADP 2-0)
humanitarian and civic assistance - (DOD) Assistance to the local populace, specifically authorized by Title
10, United States Code, Section 401, and funded under separate authorities, provided by predominantly United States forces in conjunction with military operations. Also called HCA. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.80.
humanitarian assistance coordination center - (DOD) A temporary center established by a geographic
combatant commander to assist with interagency coordination and planning during the early planning and coordination stages of foreign humanitarian assistance operations. Also called HACC. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-57.
humanitarian mine action - (DOD) Activities that strive to reduce the social, economic, and environmental
impact of land mines, unexploded ordnance, and small arms ammunition. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 4-32.
humanitarian operations center - (DOD) An international and interagency body that coordinates the overall
relief strategy and unity of effort among all participants in a large foreign humanitarian assistance operation. Also called HOC. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-57.
humanity - The law of armed conflict principle that forbids inflicting suffering, injury, or destruction
unnecessary to accomplish a legitimate military purpose. Also called unnecessary suffering or superfluous
injury. (FM 6-27)
hybrid threat - The diverse and dynamic combination of regular forces, irregular forces, terrorist forces, or
criminal elements unified to achieve mutually benefitting effects. (ADP 3-0)
hypo-chlorination - The application of a hypo-chlorinator to feed calcium or sodium hypochlorite. (ATP 4-44)

## I

identification - (DOD) 1. The process of determining the friendly or hostile character of an unknown detected
contact. Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-22.40, ATP 3-55.6. 2. In arms control, the process of determining which nation is responsible for the detected violations of any arms control measure. Referenced in ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-01.85. 3. In ground combat operations, discrimination between recognizable objects as being friendly or enemy, or the name that belongs to the object as a member of a class. Also called ID. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-60.2.
identity intelligence - (DOD) The intelligence resulting from the processing of identity attributes concerning
individuals, groups, networks, or populations of interest. Also called I2. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 2-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-33.4.
imagery - (DOD) A likeness or presentation of any natural or man-made feature or related object or activity,
and the positional data acquired at the same time the likeness or representation was acquired, including:
products produced by space-based national intelligence reconnaissance systems; and likeness and presentations produced by satellites, airborne platforms, unmanned aerial vehicles, or other similar means (except that such term does not include handheld or clandestine photography taken by or on behalf of human intelligence collection organizations). (JP 2-03) Referenced in ADP 2-0. ATP 2-22.7, ATP 3-55.6.
imagery exploitation - (DOD) The cycle of processing, using, interpreting, mensuration and/or manipulating
imagery, and any assembly or consolidation of the results for dissemination. (JP 2-03) Referenced in ATP 3-55.6.
imagery intelligence - (DOD) The technical, geographic, and intelligence information derived through the
interpretation or analysis of imagery and collateral materials. Also called IMINT. (JP 2-03) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ATP 2-22.7, ATP 3-05.20.
immediate decontamination - (DOD) Decontamination carried out by individuals immediately upon
becoming contaminated to save lives, minimize casualties, and limit the spread of contamination. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11.
immediate recovery - Performed by assets within a flight mission that assumes the tactical situation permits a
recovery with the forces at hand without detailed planning or coordination. (ATP 3-04.13)
immediate response authority - (DOD) A Federal military commander's, Department of Defense component
head's, and/or responsible Department of Defense civilian official's authority temporarily to employ
resources under their control, subject to any supplemental direction provided by higher headquarters, and provide those resources to save lives, prevent human suffering, or mitigate great property damage in response to a request for assistance from civil authority, under imminently serious conditions when time does not permit approval from a higher authority within the United States. Immediate response authority does not permit actions that would subject civilians to the use of military power that is regulatory, prescriptive, proscriptive, or compulsory. (DODD 3025.18) Referenced in ADP 3-28, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.
improvisation - The ability to adapt sustainment operations to unexpected situations or circumstances affecting
a mission. (ADP 4-0)
improvised explosive device - (DOD) A weapon that is fabricated or emplaced in an unconventional manner
incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals. Also called IED. (JP 3-15.1) Referenced in ATP 4-01.45, ATP 4-32, ATP 4-32.2.
implied task - (Army) A task that must be performed to accomplish a specified task or mission but is not stated
in the higher headquarters' order. (FM 6-0) See also essential task, **specified task**.
incapacitating agent - (DOD) A chemical agent, which produces temporary disabling conditions that can be
physical or mental and persist for hours or days after exposure to the agent has ceased. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 4-02.85.
incident - (DOD) An occurrence, caused by either human action or natural phenomena, that requires action to
prevent or minimize loss of life or damage to, loss of, or other risks to property, information, and/or natural resources. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.
incident awareness and assessment - (DOD) The processing, analysis, and dissemination of information
collected or acquired through the authorized use of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, and other intelligence, intelligence-related, and/or non-intelligence capabilities, during defense support of civil authorities and National Guard domestic operations. Also called IAA. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.
incident command system (DOD) A standardized on-scene emergency management construct designed to aid
in the management of resources during incidents. Also called ICS. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.
incident management - (DOD) A national comprehensive approach to preventing, preparing for, responding
to, and recovering from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ADP 3-28, ATP 3-28.1.
indications - (DOD) In intelligence usage, information in various degrees of evaluation, all of which bear on
the intention of a potential enemy to adopt or reject a course of action. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 2-33.4.
indicator - (DOD) 1. In intelligence usage, an item of information which reflects the intention or capability of
an adversary to adopt or reject a course of action. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 3-13.4, FM 3-98, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-33.4. 3. In the context of assessment, a specific piece of information that infers the condition, state, or existence of something, and provides a reliable means to ascertain performance or effectiveness. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-07, ADP 5-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-96.1.
indigenous populations and institutions - (DOD) The societal framework of an operational environment
including citizens; legal and illegal immigrants; dislocated civilians; and governmental, tribal, ethnic, religious, commercial, and private organizations and entities. Also called IPI. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.70.
individual protective equipment - (DOD) The personal clothing and equipment provided to all military,
government civilians, and contractors authorized to accompany the force required to protect an individual from chemical, biological, and radiological hazards and some nuclear hazards. Also called IPE. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.84.
infiltration - (Army) A form of maneuver in which an attacking force conducts undetected movement through
or into an area occupied by enemy forces to occupy a position of advantage in the enemy rear while exposing only small elements to enemy defensive fires. (FM 3-90-1)
infiltration lane - A control measure that coordinates forward and lateral movement of infiltrating units and
fixes fire planning responsibilities. (FM 3-90-1) See also **infiltration**.
influent - Water flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment operation. (ATP 4-44) information - In the context of decision making, data that has been organized and processed in order to provide
context for further analysis. (ADP 6-0)
information collection - An activity that synchronizes and integrates the planning and employment of sensors
and assets as well as the processing, exploitation, and dissemination systems in direct support of current and future operations. (FM 3-55)
information environment - (DOD) The aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect,
process, disseminate, or act on information. (JP 3-13) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-37, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 3-99, FM 4-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 6-02.54, ATP 6-02.60, ATP 6-02.71.
information for effect - Factual information used in publication or broadcast to negatively affect perceptions
and/or damage credibility and capability of the targeted group. (FM 3-53)
information fratricide - Adverse effects on the information environment resulting from a failure to effectively
synchronize the employment of multiple information related capabilities which may impede the conduct of friendly operations or adversely affect friendly forces. (FM 3-13)
information management - (Army) The science of using procedures and information systems to collect,
process, store, display, disseminate, and protect data, information, and knowledge products. (ADP 6-0) See also situational understanding.
information operations - (DOD) The integrated employment, during military operations, of informationrelated capabilities in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision-making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own. Also called IO. (JP 3-13) Referenced in ADP 3-07, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, FM 3-0, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-14, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 3-96, FM 3-99, FM 6-05, ATP 1-05.03, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 6-0.5.
information-related capability - (DOD) A tool, technique, or activity employed within a dimension of the
information environment that can be used to create effects and operationally desirable conditions. Also called IRC. (JP 3-13) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 3-13, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-92.
information requirements - (DOD) In intelligence usage, those items of information regarding the adversary
and other relevant aspects of the operational environment that need to be collected and processed in order to meet the intelligence requirements of a commander. Also called IR. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 3-96, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-55.6.
information superiority - (DOD) The operational advantage derived from the ability to collect, process, and
disseminate an uninterrupted flow of information while exploiting or denying an adversary's ability to do the same. See also information operations. (JP 3-13) Referenced in FM 3-57, FM 3-99, ATP 3-18.4.
infrastructure reconnaissance - A multidisciplinary reconnaissance focused on gathering technical
information on the condition and capacity of existing public systems, municipal services, and facilities within an assigned area of operations. (ATP 3-34.81)
initial reception point - (DOD) In personnel recovery, a secure area or facility under friendly control where
initial reception of recovered isolated personnel can safely take place. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
inland petroleum distribution system - (DOD) A multi-product system consisting of both commercially
available and military standard petroleum equipment that can be assembled by military personnel and, when assembled into an integrated petroleum distribution system, provides the military with the capability required to support an operational force with bulk fuels. Also called IPDS. (JP 4-03) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-43.
inpatient - A person admitted to and treated within a Role 3 and 4 hospital and who cannot be returned to duty
within the same calendar day. ATP 4-02.10)
insider threat - A person with placement and access who intentionally causes loss or degradation of resources
or capabilities or compromises the ability of an organization to accomplish its mission through espionage, providing support to international terrorism, or the unauthorized release or disclosure of information about
the plans and intentions of United States military forces. (AR 381-12) Referenced in ADP 3-37.
institutional training domain - The Army's institutional training and education system, which primarily
includes training base centers and schools that provide initial training and subsequent professional military education for Soldiers, military leaders, and Army Civilians. (ADP 7-0)
instruments of national power - (DOD) All of the means available to the government in its pursuit of national
objectives. They are expressed as diplomatic, economic, informational and military. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-57.60.
insurgency - (DOD) The organized use of subversion and violence to seize, nullify, or challenge political
control of a region. Insurgency can also refer to the group itself. (JP 3-24) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-20.96, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 4-14.
integrated air and missile defense - (DOD) The integration of capabilities and overlapping operations to
defend the homeland and United States national interests, protect the joint force, and enable freedom of action by negating an enemy?s ability to create adverse effects from their air and missile capabilities. Also called IAMD. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-27.5.
integration - (DOD) 1. In force protection, the synchronized transfer of units into an operational commander's
force prior to mission execution. Referenced in FM 6-05. 2, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-92. 2. The arrangement of military forces and their actions to create a force that operates by engaging as a whole. Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 3-96, FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20. 3. In photography, a process by which the average radar picture seen on several scans of the time base may be obtained on a print, or the process by which several photographic images are combined into a single image. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.7. (Army) Combining all of the sustainment elements within operations assuring unity of command and effort. (ADP 4-0)
intelligence - (DOD) 1. The product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, evaluation, analysis,
and interpretation of available information concerning foreign nations, hostile or potentially hostile forces or elements, or areas of actual or potential operations. Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0, ATP 3-01.81, FM 3-24, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.11,
ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-90.98. 2. The activities that result in the product. Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0,
ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-55.6. 3. The organizations engaged in such activities. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-55.6.
intelligence analysis - The process by which collected information is evaluated and integrated with existing
information to facilitate intelligence production. (ADP 2-0)
intelligence community - (DOD) All departments or agencies of a government that are concerned with
intelligence activity, either in an oversight, managerial, support, or participatory role. Also called IC. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0.
intelligence estimate - (DOD) The appraisal, expressed in writing or orally, of available intelligence relating to
a specific situation or condition with a view to determining the courses of action open to the enemy or adversary and the order of probability of their adoption. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-13.1.
intelligence operations - (DOD) The variety of intelligence and counterintelligence tasks that are carried out
by various intelligence organizations and activities within the intelligence process. (JP 2-01) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-05.1. (Army) The tasks undertaken by military intelligence units through the intelligence disciplines to obtain information to satisfy validated requirements. (ADP 2-0)
intelligence preparation of the battlefield - (Army) The systematic process of analyzing the mission variables
of enemy, terrain, weather, and civil considerations in an area of interest to determine their effect on operations. Also called IPB. (ATP 2-01.3)
intelligence preparation of the battlespace - (DOD) The analytical methodologies employed by The Services
or joint force component commands to reduce uncertainties concerning The enemy, environment, time, and terrain. Also called IPB. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 6-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-90.98.
intelligence process - (DOD) The process by which information is converted into intelligence and made
available to users, consisting of the six interrelated intelligence operations: planning and direction, collection, processing and exploitation, analysis and production, dissemination and integration, and evaluation and feedback. (JP 2-01) Referenced in ATP 3-55.6.
intelligence reach - The activity by which intelligence organizations proactively and rapidly access
information from, receive support from, and conduct direct collaboration and information sharing with other units and agencies, both within and outside the area of operations, unconstrained by geographic proximity, echelon, or command. (ADP 2-0)
intelligence requirement - (DOD) 1. Any subject, general or specific, upon which there is a need for the
collection of information, or the production of intelligence. Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-05.20. 2. A requirement for intelligence to fill a gap in the command's knowledge or understanding of the operational environment or threat forces. Also called IR. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-13.1.
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance - (DOD) 1. An integrated operations and intelligence activity
that synchronizes and integrates the planning and operation of sensors, assets, and processing, exploitation, and dissemination systems in direct support of current and future operations. Also called ISR. (JP 2-01) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0, FM 3-16, FM 6-05, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2.
intelligence synchronization - The art of integrating information collection; intelligence processing,
exploitation, and dissemination; and intelligence analysis with operations to effectively and efficiently fight for intelligence in support of decision making. (ADP 2-0)
intelligence system - (DOD) Any formal or informal system to manage data gathering, to obtain and process
the data, to interpret the data, and to provide reasoned judgments to decision makers as a basis for action . (JP 2-01) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.
intelligence warfighting function - The related tasks and systems that facilitate understanding the enemy,
terrain, weather, civil considerations, and other significant aspects of the operational environment. (ADP 3-0) See also warfighting function.
interagency - (DOD) Of or pertaining to United States Government agencies and departments, including the
Department of Defense. (JP 3-08) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 3-53, ATP 1-06.2, ATP 3-57.20,
ATP 3-57.60.
interagency coordination - (DOD) Within the context of Department of Defense involvement, the
coordination that occurs between elements of Department of Defense, and participating United States Government departments and agencies for the purpose of achieving an objective. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-53, FM 4-0, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
interdict - A tactical mission task where the commander prevents, disrupts, or delays the enemy's use of an
area or route. (FM 3-90-1) See also delay, disrupt, **tactical mission task**.
interdiction - (DOD) 1. An action to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy's military surface capability
before it can be used effectively against friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives. (JP 3-03) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-91.1, ATP 3-92.
interior lines - Lines on which a force operates when its operations diverge from a central point. (ADP 3-0) intermediate staging base - (DOD) A tailorable, temporary location used for staging forces, sustainment
and/or extraction into and out of an operational area. Also called ISB. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 4-0, FM 3-99, FM 4-0, ATP 3-35.
intermodal - (DOD) Type of international freight system that permits transshipping among sea, highway, rail,
and air modes of transportation through use of American National Standards Institute and International Organization for Standardization containers, linehaul assets, and handling equipment. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-13.
intermodal operations - The process of using multiple modes (air, sea, highway, rail) and conveyances (truck,
barge, containers, pallets) to move troops, supplies and equipment through expeditionary entry points and the network of specialized transportation nodes to sustain land forces. (ADP 4-0)
internal advisement - A required religious support capability that advises on religion, morals, and morale
within units, and ethical decision making of the command. (ATP 1-05.04)
internal defense and development - (DOD) The full range of measures taken by a nation to promote its
growth and to protect itself from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security. Also called IDAD. (JP 3-22) Referenced in ADP 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-91.
internally displaced person - (DOD) Any person who has been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their home
or places of habitual residence, in particular, as a result of or to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights, or natural or human-made disasters and who has not crossed an internationally recognized state border. Also called IDP. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.31.
international armed conflict - Any declared war between States, or to any other armed conflict between
States, even if the state of war is not recognized by one of them. (FM 6-27)
international military education and training - (DOD) Formal or informal instruction provided to foreign
military students, units, and forces on a nonreimbursable (grant) basis by offices or employees of the United States, contract technicians, and contractors, and the instruction may include correspondence courses; technical, educational, or informational publications; and media of all kinds. Also called IMET. (JP 3-22) Referenced in ATP 3-57.30.
international organization - (NATO) An intergovernmental, regional or global organization governed by
international law and established by a group of states, with international juridical personality given by international agreement, however characterized, creating enforceable rights and obligations for the purpose of fulfilling a given function and pursuing common aims. (STANAG 3680/AAP-6) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
interoperability - (DOD) 1. The ability to act together coherently, effectively, and efficiently to achieve
tactical, operational, and strategic objectives. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-16, FM 4-01, FM 6-05. 2. The condition achieved among communications-electronics systems or items of communications-electronics equipment when information or services can be exchanged directly and satisfactorily between them and/or
their users. (JP 6-0) Referenced in FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-94.1, ATP 6-02.54.
interorganizational cooperation - (DOD) The interaction that occurs among elements of the Department of
Defense; participating United States Government departments and agencies; state, territorial, local, and tribal agencies; foreign military forces and government agencies; international organizations; nongovernmental organizations; and the private sector. (JP 3-08) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 4-0.
intertheater airlift - (DOD) The common-user airlift linking theaters to the continental United States and to
other theaters, as well as the airlift within the continental United States. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-48.
interzonal operations - Operations which cross area of operation boundaries of a specific transportation
organization and operate under the area control of more than one headquarters or command. (ATP 4-11)
in-transit visibility - (DOD) The ability to track the identity, status, and location of Department of Defense
units, and non-unit cargo (excluding bulk petroleum, oils, and lubricants) and passengers; patients; and personal property from origin to consignee or destination across the range of military operations. Also called ITV. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 3-0, FM 4-0, FM 4-01, FM 4-40, ATP 4-0.1, ATP 4-12.
intratheater airlift - (DOD) Airlift conducted within a theater with assets assigned to a geographic combatant
commander or attached to a subordinate joint force commander. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-48.
intrazonal operations - Operations confined within a specific transportation organization's area of operation.
(ATP 4-11)
inventory control - (DOD) That phase of military logistics that includes managing, cataloging, requirements
determinations, procurement, distribution, overhaul, and disposal of materiel. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 4-42.2.
ionizing radiation - (DOD) Particulate (alpha, beta, and neutron) and electromagnetic (X-ray and gamma)
radiation of sufficient energy to displace electrons from atoms, producing ions. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-50.20.
irregular warfare - (DOD) A violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence
over the relevant population(s). Also called IW. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-24, FM 3-53, FM 6-05, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6.
isolate - To separate a force from its sources of support in order to reduce its effectiveness and increase its
vulnerability to defeat. (ADP 3-0)
isolated personnel - (DOD) United States military, Department of Defense civilians and contractor personnel
(and others designated by the President or Secretary of Defense) who are separated from their unit (as an individual or a group) while participating in a United States sponsored military activity or mission and are, or may be, in a situation where they must survive, evade, resist, or escape. See also combat search and rescue; search and rescue. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.22.
isolated personnel report - (DOD A Department of Defense form containing information designed to facilitate
the identification and authentication of an isolated person by a recovery force. Also called ISOPREP. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.3, ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.22, ATP 3-53.1.

## J

joint - (DOD) Connotes activities, operations, organizations, etc., in which elements of two or more Military
Departments participate. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-05.20.
joint air component coordination element - (DOD) A general term for the liaison element that serves as the
direct representative of the joint force air component commander for joint air operations. Also called JACCE. (JP 3-30) Referenced in FM 6-05.
joint air-ground integration center - (DOD) A staff organization designed to enhance joint collaborative
efforts to deconflict joint air-ground assets in the division's airspace. Also called JAGIC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-60.2.
joint air operations center - (DOD) A jointly staffed facility established for planning, directing, and executing
joint air operations in support of the joint force commander's operation or campaign objectives. Also called
JAOC. (JP 3-30) Referenced in ATP 3-60.2.
joint combined exchange training - (DOD) A program conducted overseas to fulfill United States forces
training requirements and at the same time exchange the sharing of skills between United States forces and host nation counterparts. Also called JCET. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ATP 3-53.1.
joint deployment and distribution enterprise - (DOD) The complex of equipment, procedures, doctrine,
leaders, technical connectivity, information, shared knowledge, organizations, facilities, training, and materiel necessary to conduct joint distribution operations. Also called JDDE. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ATP 4-13.
joint deployment and distribution operations center - (DOD) A combatant command movement control
organization designed to synchronize and optimize national and theater multimodal resources for deployment, distribution, and sustainment. Also called JDDOC. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
joint doctrine - (DOD) Fundamental principles that guide the employment of United States military forces in
coordinated action toward a common objective and may include terms, tactics, techniques, and procedures. (CJCSI 5120.02E) Referenced in ADP 1-01.
joint electromagnetic spectrum operations - (DOD) Military actions undertaken by a joint force to exploit,
attack, protect, and manage the electromagnetic environment. Also called JEMSO. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
joint engagement zone - (DOD) In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which
multiple air and missile defense systems (surface-to-air missiles and aircraft) are simultaneously employed to engage air and missile threats. Also called JEZ. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15.
joint field office - (DOD) A temporary multiagency coordination center established at the incident site to
provide a central location for coordination of federal, state, local, tribal, nongovernmental, and privatesector organizations with primary responsibility for incident oversight, direction, or assistance to effectively coordinate protection, prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery actions. Also called JFO. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.
joint fires - (DOD) Fires delivered during the employment of forces from two or more components in
coordinated action to produce desired effects in support of a common objective. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 6-05, FM 3-52, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-92.
joint fires element - (DOD) An optional staff element that provides recommendations to the operations
directorate to accomplish fires planning and synchronization. Also called JFE. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ADP 3-19, ATP 3-60.2.
joint fires observer - (DOD) A certified and qualified Service member who requests, controls, and adjusts
surface-to-surface fires; provides targeting information in support of close air support; and performs terminal guidance operations. Also called JFO. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-52, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
joint fire support - (DOD) fires that assist air, land, maritime, and special operations forces to move,
maneuver, and control territory, populations, airspace, and key waters. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 6-05, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-92.
joint force - (DOD) A force composed of elements, assigned or attached, of two or more Military Departments
operating under a single joint force commander. See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 4-0, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-52.2.
joint force air component commander - (DOD) The commander within a unified command, subordinate
unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking air forces; planning and
coordinating air operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFACC. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.

joint force commander - (DOD) A general term applied to a combatant commander, subunified commander,
or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command (command authority) or
operational control over a joint force. Also called JFC. See also joint force. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 4-40,
ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
joint force land component commander - (DOD) The commander within a unified command, subordinate
unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking land forces; planning and coordinating land operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFLCC. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 4-43.
joint force maritime component commander - (DOD) The commander within a unified command,
subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking maritime forces and assets; planning and coordinating maritime operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFMCC. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
joint force special operations component commander - (DOD) The commander within a unified command,
subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking special operations forces and assets; planning and coordinating special operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFSOCC. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-76.
joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment - (DOD) The analytical process used by joint
intelligence organizations to produce intelligence estimates and other intelligence products in support of the joint force commander's decision-making process. Also called JIPOE. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 6-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-55.6.
joint integrated prioritized target list - (DOD) A prioritized list of targets approved and maintained by the
joint force commander. Also called JIPTL. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-60.2.
joint interagency coordination group - (DOD) A staff group that establishes regular, timely, and
collaborative working relationships between civilian and military operational planners. Also called JIACG. (JP 3-08) Referenced in FM 3-57.
joint logistics over-the-shore operations - (DOD) Operations in which Navy and Army logistics over-theshore forces conduct logistics over-the-shore operations together under a joint force commander. Also
called JLOTS. (JP 4-01.6) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 4-15, ATP 4-43.
joint operations - (DOD) Military actions conducted by joint forces and those Service forces employed in
specified command relationships with each other, which of themselves, do not establish joint forces. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, FM 3-0, FM 4-0, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-09.13, ATP 3-52.2.
joint operations area - (DOD) An area of land, sea, and airspace, defined by a geographic combatant
commander or subordinate unified commander, in which a joint force commander (normally a joint task force commander) conducts military operations to accomplish a specific mission. Also called JOA. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 4-40, FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.94, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 4-93.
joint personnel recovery center - (DOD) The primary joint force organization responsible for planning and
coordinating personnel recovery for military operations within the assigned operational area. Also called JPRC. (JP 3-50) Referenced in FM 3-50, ATP 3-50.10.
joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration - (DOD) A phase of joint force projection
occurring in the operational area during which arriving personnel, equipment, and materiel transition into forces capable of meeting operational requirements. Also called JRSOI. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-35.
joint restricted frequency list - (DOD) A time and geographically oriented listing of TABOO, PROTECTED,
and GUARDED functions, nets, and frequencies and limited to the minimum number of frequencies necessary for friendly forces to accomplish objectives. Also called JRFL. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
joint special operations air component commander - (DOD) The commander within a joint force special
operations command responsible for planning and executing joint special operations air activities. Also called JSOACC. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-76.
joint special operations area - (DOD) An area of land, sea, and airspace assigned by a joint force commander
to the commander of a joint special operations force to conduct special operations activities. Also called JSOA. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 6-05, ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-76.
joint special operations task force - (DOD) A joint task force composed of special operations units from more
than one Service, formed to carry out a specific special operation or prosecute special operations in support of a theater campaign or other operations. Also called JSOTF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-18, FM 6-05, ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-34.84, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-75, ATP 3-76.
joint targeting coordination board - (DOD) A group formed by the joint force commander to accomplish
broad targeting oversight functions that may include, but are not limited to, coordinating targeting information; providing targeting guidance, synchronization, and priorities; and approving the joint integrated prioritized target list. Also called JTCB. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-09.34.
joint task force - (DOD) A joint force that is constituted and so designated by the Secretary of Defense, a
combatant commander, a subunified commander, or an existing joint task force commander. Also called JTF. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.70.
joint terminal attack controller - (DOD) A qualified (certified) Service member who, from a forward
position, directs the action of combat aircraft engaged in close air support and other offensive air operations. Also called JTAC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 4-01.45.
jumpmaster - (DOD) The assigned airborne-qualified individual who controls paratroops from the time they
enter the aircraft until they exit. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ATP 3-18.11.
jus ad bellum - That part of international law that regulates the circumstances in which States may resort to the
use of force in international relations. (FM 6-27)
jus in bello - That part of international law relating to the conduct of hostilities and the protection of war
victims, from combatants who are wounded and out of combat, to prisoners of war and civilians. (FM 6-27)

## K

key communicator - An individual to whom the target audience turns most often for an analysis or
interpretation of information and events. (FM 3-53)
key leader engagement - Planned meeting(s) with an influential leader with the intent of building a
relationship that facilitates communication and cooperation across a wider population. (FM 3-53)
key tasks - Those significant activities the force must perform as a whole to achieve the desired end state.
(ADP 6-0)
key terrain - (DOD) Any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked advantage to
either combatant. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 3-12, FM 3-90-1, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20. (Army) An identifiable characteristic whose seizure or retention affords a marked advantage to either combatant. (ADP 3-90)
kill box - (DOD) A three-dimensional permissive fire support coordination measure with an associated airspace
coordinating measure used to facilitate the integration of fires. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
kill box coordinator - The aircraft assigned responsibility to de-conflict aircraft and manage/direct effective
target engagement in a kill box. Also called KBC. (ATP 3-09.34)
kill zone - That part of an ambush site where fire is concentrated to isolate, fix, and destroy the enemy. See also
ambush, destroy, fix, isolate. (FM 3-90-1)
knowledge - In the context of decision making, information that has been analyzed and evaluated for
operational implications. (ADP 6-0)
knowledge management - The process of enabling knowledge flow to enhance shared understanding, learning,
and decision making. (ADP 6-0)

## L

land domain - (DOD) The area of the Earth's surface ending at the high water mark and overlapping with the
maritime domain in the landward segment of the littorals. (JP 3-31) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 3-19, ATP 2-01.3.
landing area - (DOD) 1. That part of the operational area within which are conducted the landing operations of
an amphibious force. 2. In airborne operations, the general area used for landing troops and materiel either by airdrop or air landing. 3. Any specially prepared or selected surface of land, water, or deck designated or used for takeoff and landing of aircraft. (JP 3-02) Referenced in ATP 3-17.2.
landing site (DOD) 1. A site within a landing zone containing one or more landing points. See also airfield. 2.
In amphibious operations, a continuous segment of coastline over which troops, equipment, and supplies can be landed by surface means. (JP 3-02) Referenced in ATP 3-17.2.
landing zone - (DOD) Any specific zone used for the landing of aircraft. Also called LZ. (JP 3-36) Referenced
in ATP 3-17.2, ATP 3-60.1.
land mine - A munition on or near the ground or other surface area that is designed to be exploded by the
presence, proximity, or contact of a person or vehicle. (ATP 3-90.8)
landpower - The abilityby threat, force, or occupationto gain, sustain, and exploit control over land,
resources, and people. (ADP 3-0)
lane - A route through, over, or around an enemy or friendly obstacle that provides passage of a force.
(ATP 3-90.4)
lane training exercise - A standardized and structured exercise or simulation used to train on one or more
collective tasks that includes a designated area, terrain, or facility. Also called LTX. (FM 7-0)
large-scale combat operations - Extensive joint combat operations in terms of scope and size of forces
committed, conducted as a campaign aimed at achieving operational and strategic objectives. (ADP 3-0)
large-scale ground combat operations - Sustained combat operations involving multiple corps and divisions.
(ADP 3-0)
lateral boundary - A boundary that extends from the rear boundary to the unit's forward boundary.
(FM 3-90-1)
latest arrival date - (DOD) A day, relative to C-Day, that is specified by the supported combatant commander
as the latest date when a unit, resupply shipment, or replacement personnel can arrive at the port of debarkation and support the concept of operations. Also called LAD. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 4-01.
latest time information is of value - The time by which an intelligence organization or staff must deliver
information to the requestor in order to provide decisionmakers with timely intelligence. This must include the time anticipated for processing and disseminating that information as well as for making the decision. Also called LTIOV. (ATP 2-01)
law enforcement interrogation - The systematic effort by law enforcement investigators to prove, disprove, or
corroborate information relevant to a criminal investigation using direct questioning in a controlled environment. (ATP 3-39.10)
law of war - (DOD) That part of international law that regulates the conduct of armed hostilities. Also called
the law of armed conflict. (JP 3-84) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 6-27, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-60.1.
lead agency - (DOD) The United States Government agency designated to coordinate the interagency oversight
of the day-to-day conduct of an ongoing operation. (JP 3-08) Referenced in FM 3-16.
leadership - The activity of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish
the mission and improve the organization. (ADP 6-22)
lead Service or agency for common-user logistics - (DOD) A Service component or Department of Defense
agency that is responsible for execution of common-user item and service support in a specific combatant command or multinational operation as defined in the combatant or subordinate joint force commander's operation plan, operation order, and/or directives. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 4-0.
letter of authorization - (DOD) A document issued by the procuring contracting officer or designee that
authorizes contractor personnel authorized to accompany the force to travel to, from, and within an operational area and outlines authorized government support authorizations within the operational area, as agreed to under the terms and conditions of the contract. Also called LOA. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
levee en masse - Inhabitants of a non-occupied territory who, upon approach of the enemy, spontaneously take
up arms to resist the invading forces, with no time to form into regular armed units, provided that they carry
their arms openly and respect the laws and customs of war. (FM 6-27)
level I threat - A small enemy force that can be defeated by those units normally operating in the echelon
support area or by the perimeter defenses established by friendly bases and base clusters. (ATP 3-91)
level II threat - An enemy force or activities that can be defeated by a base or base cluster's defensive
capabilities when augmented by a response force. (ATP 3-91)
level III threat - An enemy force or activities beyond the defensive capability of both the base and base cluster
and any local reserve or response force. (ATP 3-91)
level of detail - (DOD) Within the current joint planning and execution system, movement characteristics for
both personnel and cargo are described at six distinct levels of detail. Levels I, V, and VI describe personnel and Levels I through IV and VI for cargo. Levels I through IV are coded and visible in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System automated data processing. Levels V and VI are used by Joint Operation Planning and Execution System automated data processing feeder systems. a. level I- personnel: expressed as total number of passengers by unit line number. Cargo: expressed in total short tons, total measurement tons, total square feet, and total thousands of barrels by unit line number. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants is expressed by thousands of barrels by unit line number. b. level II- cargo: expressed by short tons and measurement tons of bulk, oversize, outsize, and non-air transportable cargo by unit line number. Also square feet for vehicles and non self-deployable aircraft and boats by unit line number. c. level III - cargo: detail by cargo category code expressed as short tons and measurement tons as well as square feet associated to that cargo category code for an individual unit line number. d. level IV- cargo: detail for individual dimensional data expressed in length, width, and height in number of inches, and weight/volume
in short tons/measurement tons, along with a cargo description. Each cargo item is associated with a cargo category code and a unit line number). e. level V- personnel: any general summarization/aggregation of level VI detail in distribution and deployment. f. level VI- personnel: detail expressed by name, Service, military occupational specialty and unique identification number. Cargo: detail expressed by association to a transportation control number or single tracking number or item of equipment to include federal stock number/national stock number and/or requisition number. Nested cargo, cargo that is contained within another equipment item, may similarly be identified. Also called JOPES level of detail. (CJCSM 3122.01A) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
levels of warfare - A framework for defining and clarifying the relationship among national objectives, the
operational approach, and tactical tasks. (ADP 1-01)
L-hour - (DOD) 1. The specific hour on C-day at which a deployment operation commences or is to
commence. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0.
life cycle - (DOD) The total phases through which an item passes from the time it is initially developed until
the time it is either consumed in use or disposed of as being excess to all known materiel requirements. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 6-02.40.
lighterage - (DOD) The process in which small craft are used to transport cargo or personnel from ship-toshore using amphibians, landing craft, discharge lighters, causeways, and barges. (JP 4-01.6) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-13, ATP 4-15.
limited depositary account - A checking account in a United States or foreign commercial bank that is
designated by the Treasury Department to receive deposits from Disbursing Officers for credit to their
official limited depositary checking accounts. (FM 1-06)
limit of advance - A phase line used to control forward progress of the attack. Also called LOA. (ADP 3-90) line formation - When a unit's subordinate ground maneuver elements move abreast of each other.
(FM 3-90-1)
line haul - An operation in which vehicles cannot make more than one round trip per day due to distance,
terrain restrictions, or transit time. (ATP 4-11)
line of communications - (DOD) A route, either land, water, and/or air, that connects an operating military
force with a base of operations and along which supplies and military forces move. Also called LOC. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 3-90-1, FM 4-01, FM 4-40, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-60.2.
line of communications bridging - Bridges used to establish semipermanent or permanent support to road
networks. (ATP 3-90.4)
line of contact - A general trace delineating the locations where friendly and enemy forces are engaged.
(ADP 3-90)
line of demarcation - (DOD) A line defining the boundary of a buffer zone used to establish the forward limits
of disputing or belligerent forces after each phase of disengagement or withdrawal has been completed . (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
line of departure - 1. In land warfare, a line designated to coordinate the departure of attack elements. Also
called LD. (JP 3-31) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-96.
line of effort - (DOD) In the context of planning, using the purpose (cause and effect) to focus efforts toward
establishing operational and strategic conditions by linking multiple tasks and missions . Also called LOE. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-24. (Army) A line that links multiple tasks using the logic of purpose rather than geographical reference to focus efforts toward establishing a desired end state. (ADP 3-0)
line of fire - 1. As it relates to the principle of the reciprocal laying of field artillery weapons, any line parallel
to the azimuth of fire. 2. The direction of the line established by the tube or any line parallel to that line in the firing battery. (ATP 3-09.50)
line of operation(s) - (DOD) A line that defines the interior or exterior orientation of the force in relation to the
enemy or that connects actions on nodes and/or decisive points related in time and space to an objective(s). Also called LOO. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 3-24. (Army) A line that defines the directional orientation of
a force in time and space in relation to the enemy and links the force with its base of operations and objectives. (ADP 3-0)
line of sight - (Army) The unobstructed path from a Soldier's weapon, weapon sight, electronic sending and
receiving antennas, or piece of reconnaissance equipment from one point to another. (ATP 2-01.3)
lines of patient drift - Natural routes along which wounded Soldiers may be expected to go back for medical
care from a combat position. (ATP 4-02.2)
link - (DOD) 1. A behavioral, physical, or functional relationship between nodes. Referenced in FM 3-13.4,
FM 3-57. 2. In communications, a general term used to indicate the existence of communications facilities between two points. 3. A maritime route, other than a coastal or transit route, which links any two or more routes. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-57.70.
linkup - A meeting of friendly ground forces, which occurs in a variety of circumstances. (ADP 3-90) linkup point - The point where two infiltrating elements in the same or different infiltration lanes are
scheduled to meet to consolidate before proceeding on with their missions. (FM 3-90-1)
littoral - (DOD) The littoral comprises two segments of operational environment: 1. Seaward: the area from the
open ocean to the shore, which must be controlled to support operations ashore. 2. Landward: the area inland from the shore that can be supported and defended directly from the sea. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
local haul - An operation in which vehicles can make two or more round trips per day based on distance and
transit time. (ATP 4-11)
local security - The low-level security activities conducted near a unit to prevent surprise by the enemy.
(ADP 3-90)
locate - (DOD) In personnel recovery, the task where actions are taken to precisely find and authenticate the
identity of isolated personnel. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
lodgment - (DOD) A designated area in a hostile or potentially hostile operational area that, when seized and
held, makes the continuous landing of troops and materiel possible and provides maneuver space for subsequent operations. (JP 3-18) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-99, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-91.
logistics - (DOD) Planning and executing the movement and support of forces. (JP 4-0) Referenced in
ATP 3-06, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 4-48. (Army) Planning and executing the movement and support of forces. It includes those aspects of military operations that deal with: design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation and disposition of materiel, acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities, and acquisition or furnishing of services. (ADP 4-0)
logistics package - A grouping of multiple classes of supply and supply vehicles under the control of a single
convoy commander. Also called LOGPAC. (FM 3-90-1) See also **classes of supply**.
logistics over-the-shore operations - (DOD) The loading and unloading of ships without the benefit of deep
draft-capable, fixed port facilities; or as a means of moving forces closer to tactical assembly areas dependent on threat force capabilities. Also called LOTS operations. (JP 4-01.6) Referenced in ATP 3-34.84, ATP 4-15.
low visibility operations - (DOD) Sensitive operations wherein the diplomatic-military restrictions inherent in
covert and clandestine operations are either not necessary or not feasible; actions are taken as required to limit exposure of those involved and/or their activities and with the knowledge that the action and/or sponsorship of the operation may preclude plausible denial by the initiating power. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ATP 3-05.1.

## M

main battle area - The area where the commander intends to deploy the bulk of the unit's combat power and
conduct decisive operations to defeat an attacking enemy. Also called MBA. (ADP 3-90)
main body - The principal part of a tactical command or formation. It does not include detached elements of
the command, such as advance guards, flank guards, and covering forces. (ADP 3-90)
main command post - A facility containing the majority of the staff designed to control current operations,
conduct detailed analysis, and plan future operations. (FM 6-0)
main effort - A designated subordinate unit whose mission at a given point in time is most critical to overall
mission success. (ADP 3-0)
main supply route - (DOD) The route or routes designated within an operational area upon which the bulk of
traffic flows in support of military operations. Also called MSR. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in FM 3-90-1, FM 4-01.
maintenance collection point - A temporary location established within the battalion echelon for the collection
of equipment needing or undergoing field maintenance. (ATP 4-33)
main track - Track that extends through yards and between stations. (ATP 4-14) major operation - (DOD) 1. A series of tactical actions (battles, engagements, strikes) conducted by combat
forces, coordinated in time and place, to achieve strategic or operational objectives in an operational area. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ATP 3-07.5.
managed attribution - (Army/Marine Corps) The use of hardware, software, and techniques to obscure user
interest in information that is available through the internet. (ATP 2-22.9)
manned unmanned teaming - The integrated maneuver of Army Aviation rotary wing and unmanned aircraft
system to conduct movement to contact, attack, reconnaissance, and security tasks. Also called MUM-T.
(FM 3-04)
maneuver - (DOD) 4. Employment of forces in the operational area, through movement in combination with
fires and information, to achieve a position of advantage in respect to the enemy. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-06, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.98. (Army) Movement in conjunction with fires. (ADP 3-0)
maneuver support operations - Integrate the complementary and reinforcing capabilities of mobility,
countermobility, protection, and sustainment tasks to enhance decisive action. (FM 3-81)
march column - A march column consists of all elements using the same route for a single movement under
control of a single commander. (FM 3-90-2) See also march serial, **march unit**.
march serial - A major subdivision of a march column that is organized under one commander who plans,
regulates, and controls the serial. (FM 3-90-2) See also march column, **march unit**.
march unit - A subdivision of a march serial. It moves and halts under the control of a single commander who
uses voice and visual signals. (FM 3-90-2) See also march column, **march serial**.
Marine air command and control system - (DOD) A system that provides the aviation combat element
commander with the means to command, coordinate, and control all air operations within an assigned sector and to coordinate air operations with other Services. Also called MACCS. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-60.2.
Marine tactical air command center - (DOD) The principal United States Marine Corps air command and
control agency from which air operations and air defense warning functions are directed. Also called Marine TACC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-60.2.
maritime domain - (DOD) The oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, and the airspace above
these, including the littorals. (JP 3-32) Referenced in ADP 3-19, ATP 2-01.3.
marking obscuration - Obscuration effects that are employed to mark targets for destruction by lethal fires,
identify friendly positions and locations, and provide a form of prearranged area of operations communications. (ATP 3-11.50)
marshalling - (DOD) 1. The process by which units participating in an amphibious or airborne operation group
together or assemble when feasible or move to temporary camps in the vicinity of embarkation points, complete preparations for combat, or prepare for loading. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 3-99.
marshalling area - (DOD) A location in the vicinity of a reception terminal or pre-positioned equipment
storage site where arriving unit personnel, equipment, materiel, and accompanying supplies are reassembled, returned to the control of the unit commander, and prepared for onward movement. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
mass atrocity response operations - (DOD) Military activities conducted to prevent or halt mass atrocities.
Also called MARO. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31.
mass casualty - (DOD) Any number of human casualties produced across a period of time that exceeds
available medical support capabilities. Also called MASCAL. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 4-02, ATP 1-05.05, ATP 4-02.2, ATP 4-02.7, ATP 4-02.19.
massed fire - (DOD) 1. The fire of the batteries of two or more ships directed against a single target. 2. Fire
from a number of weapons directed at a single point or small area. (JP 3-02) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20.
materiel - (DOD) All items necessary to equip, operate, maintain, and support military activities without
distinction as to its application for administrative or combat purposes. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ATP 3-22.40, ATP 3-90.15, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 4-42.2, ATP 4-90.
measurement and signature intelligence - (DOD) A system for the management of theater and national
measurement and signature intelligence collection requirements, providing automated tools for users in support of submission, review, and validation of measurement and signature intelligence nominations of requirements to be tasked for national and Department of Defense measurement and signature intelligence
collection, production, and exploitation resources. Also called MASINT. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0,
FM 3-16, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 3-96.1.
measurement ton - (DOD) The unit of volumetric measurement of equipment associated with surfacedelivered cargo equal to the total cubic feet divided by 40. Also called MTON. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in ATP 4-13.
measure of effectiveness - (DOD) An indicator used to measure a current system state, with change indicated
by comparing multiple observations over time. Also called MOE. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, ADP 5-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-12, FM 3-13, FM 3-14, FM 3-24, FM 3-57, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.4, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-01.1.
measure of performance - (DOD) An indicator used to measure a friendly action that is tied to measuring task
accomplishment. Also called MOP. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, ADP 5-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-13, FM 3-14, FM 3-24, FM 3-57, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3- 57.80, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-01.1.
media source analysis - The systematic comparison of the content, behavior, patterns, and trends of organic
media organizations and sources of a country. (ATP 2-22.9)
medical evacuation - The timely and effective movement of the wounded, injured, or ill to and between
medical treatment facilities on dedicated and properly marked medical platforms with en route care provided by medical personnel. Also called MEDEVAC. (ATP 4-02.2)
medical regulating - (DOD) The actions and coordination necessary to arrange for the movement of patients
through the roles of care and to match patients with a medical treatment facility that has the necessary health service support capabilities and available bed space. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 4-02, ATP 4-02.2, ATP 4-02.55.
medical surveillance - (DOD) The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data derived
from instances of medical care or medical evaluation, and the reporting of population-based information for characterizing and countering threats to a population's health, well-being, and performance. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 4-02.7.
medical treatment facility - (DOD) A facility established for the purpose of furnishing medical and/or dental
care to eligible individuals. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 4-02, ATP 4-02.10, ATP 4-02.19. (Army) Any
facility established for the purpose of providing medical treatment. This includes battalion aid stations, Role 2 facilities, dispensaries, clinics, and hospitals. (FM 4-02)
meeting engagement - A combat action that occurs when a moving force, incompletely deployed for battle,
engages an enemy at an unexpected time and place. (ADP 3-90)
mensuration - (DOD) The process of measurement of a feature or location on the Earth to determine an
absolute latitude, longitude, and elevation. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-91.1.
mentorship - The voluntary developmental relationship that exists between a person of greater experience and
a person of lesser experience that is characterized by mutual trust and respect. (AR 600-100) Referenced in ADP 6-22.
message - (DOD) 1. Any thought or idea expressed briefly in a plain or secret language and prepared in a form
suitable for transmission by any means of communication. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 3-53.2. 2. A narrowly focused communication directed at a specific audience to support a specific theme. (JP 3-61) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, FM 3-13, FM 3-53, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 6-02.53.
midcourse phase - (DOD) That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile between the boost phase and the
terminal phase. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5.
military deception - (DOD) Actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military, paramilitary, or
violent extremist organization decision makers, thereby causing the adversary to take specific actions (or
inactions) that will contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly mission. Also called MILDEC.
(JP 3-13.4) Referenced in ADP 6-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-13, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-53, FM 6-27, ATP 3-53.1.
military decision-making process - An iterative planning methodology to understand the situation and
mission, develop a courses of action, and produce an operation plan or order. Also called MDMP.
(ADP 5-0) See also operation order, **operation plan**.
military engagement - (DOD) Routine contact and interaction between individuals or elements of the Armed
Forces of the United States and those of another nation's armed forces, or foreign and domestic civilian authorities or agencies to build trust and confidence, share information, coordinate mutual activities, and maintain influence. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, ATP 3-92.
military government - (DOD) The supreme authority the military exercises by force or agreement over the
lands, property, and indigenous populations and institutions of domestic, allied, neutral, or enemy territory, therefore, substituting sovereign authority under rule of law for the previously established government. (JP 3-57) Referenced in FM 3-57.
military government operations - Operations executed by civil affairs to provide expertise in the civil sector
functions in order to establish transitional military authority or conduct support to civil administration. Also called MGO. (FM 3-57)
military information support operations - (DOD) Planned operations to convey selected information and
indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals in a manner favorable to the originator's objectives. Also called MISO. (JP 3-13.2) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-13.4, FM 3-18, FM 3-53, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 6-02.40.
military necessity - The principle that justifies the use of all measures needed to defeat the enemy as quickly
and efficiently as possible that are not forbidden by the law of armed conflict. (FM 6-27)
military objective - Certain persons and objects during hostilities which, by their nature, location, purpose, or
use, makes an effective contribution to military action and whose total or partial destruction, capture, or
neutralization, in the circumstances ruling at the time, offers a definite military advantage. (FM 6-27)
military occupation - (DOD) A condition in which territory is under the effective control of a foreign armed
force. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 6-27.
military passport - A document issued by order of a commander of belligerent forces that authorizes a person
or persons named therein and residing or sojourning within territory occupied by such forces to travel unmolested within the territory, with or without permission to pass, or to pass and return, by designated
routes, through the lines, subject to conditions or limitations imposed by the commander. (FM 6-27)
Military Sealift Command - (DOD) A major command of the United States Navy reporting to Commander
Fleet Forces Command, and the United States Transportation Command's component command
responsible for designated common-user sealift transportation services to deploy, employ, sustain, and redeploy United States forces on a global basis. Also called MSC. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-43.
mine - (DOD) 1. In land mine warfare, a munition placed under, on or near the ground or other surface area and
designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person or vehicle. 2. In naval mine warfare, an explosive device laid in the water with the intention of damaging or sinking ships or of deterring shipping from entering an area. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 4-32.2.
minefield - (DOD) 1. In land warfare, an area of ground containing mines emplaced with or without a pattern.
2. In naval warfare, an area of water containing mines emplaced with or without a pattern. See also mine; mine warfare. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 4-32.2.
misinformation - Incorrect information from any source that is released for unknown reasons or to solicit a
response or interest from a non-political or nonmilitary target. (FM 3-53)
missile defense - (DOD) Defense measures designed to destroy attacking enemy missiles, or to nullify or
reduce the effectiveness of such attack. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-55.6.
missile engagement zone - (DOD) In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which
the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats normally rests with surface-to-air missile systems. Also called MEZ. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.85.
mission - (DOD) 1. The task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the
reason therefore. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 5-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
mission command - (DOD) The conduct of military operations through decentralized execution based upon
mission-type orders. (JP 3-31) Referenced in FM 3-01, ATP 3-06.1. (Army) The Army's approach to command and control that empowers subordinate decision making and decentralized execution appropriate
to the situation. (ADP 6-0) See also commander's intent, **mission orders**.
mission configured load - An ammunition load configured to support specific mission requirements across
task forces or organizations. (ATP 4-35)
mission creep - Tangential efforts to assist in areas of concern unrelated to assigned duties that cripple efficient
mission accomplishment. (FM 3-16)
mission-essential task - A collective task on which an organization trains to be proficient in its designed
capabilities or assigned mission. Also called MET. (FM 7-0) See also **mission-essential task list**.
mission-essential task list - A tailored group of mission-essential tasks. Also called METL. (FM 7-0) See also
mission-essential task.
mission orders - Directives that emphasize to subordinates the results to be attained, not how they are achieve
them. (ADP 6-0) See also **mission command**.
mission-oriented protective posture - (DOD) A flexible system of protection against chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear contamination in which personnel are required to wear only that protective clothing and equipment appropriate to the threat level, work rate imposed by the mission, temperature, and humidity. Also called MOPP. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.7.
mission statement - (DOD) A short sentence or paragraph that describes the organization's essential task(s),
purpose, and action containing the elements of who, what, when, where, and why. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 3-57.60.
mission support site - A preselected area used as a temporary base or stopover point. The mission support site
is used to increase the operational range within the joint special operations area. (ATP 3-05.1)
mission variables - Categories of specific information needed to conduct operations. (ADP 1-01) mixing - Using two or more different assets to collect against the same intelligence requirement. (FM 3-90-2) mobile defense - A type of defensive operation that concentrates on the destruction or defeat of the enemy
through a decisive attack by a striking force. (ADP 3-90)
mobile security force - (DOD) A highly mobile and dedicated security force with the capability to defeat
Level I and II threats in a joint security area. Also called MSF. (JP 3-10) Referenced in ATP 4-01.45.
mobility - (DOD) A quality or capability of military forces which permits them to move from place to place
while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
mobility corridor - (DOD) Areas that are relatively free of obstacles where a force will be canalized due to
terrain restrictions allowing military forces to capitalize on the principles of mass and speed. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4.
mobility tasks - Those combined arms activities that mitigate the effects of obstacles to enable freedom of
movement and maneuver. (ATP 3-90.4)
mobilization - (DOD) 1. The process of assembling and organizing national resources to support national
objectives in time of war or other emergencies. See also industrial mobilization. Referenced in FM 4-01,
ATP 4-02.1. 2. The process by which the Armed Forces of the United States, or part of them, are brought to
a state of readiness for war or other national emergency. Also called MOB. (JP 4-05) Referenced in ADP 4- 0, FM 2-0, FM 3-96, FM 4-01, ATP 4-02.1.
mode operations - The execution of movements using various conveyances (truck, lighterage, railcar, aircraft)
to transport cargo. (ADP 4-0)
modified combined obstacle overlay - (DOD) A joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment
product used to portray the militarily significant aspects of the operational environment, such as obstacles restricting military movement, key geography, and military objectives. Also called MCOO. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-90.98.
monitoring - Continuous observation of those conditions relevant to the current operation. (ADP 5-0) mortuary affairs - (DOD) Provides for the search, recovery, identification, preparation, and disposition of
human remains of persons for whom the Services are responsible by status and executive order. Also called
MA. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ADP 4-0.
motor transportation **operation** - A ground support function that includes moving and transferring units,
personnel, equipment and supplies by motor vehicle to support operations. (ATP 4-11)
movement - The positioning of combat power to establish the conditions for maneuver. (ADP 3-90) movement and maneuver warfighting function - The related tasks and systems that move and employ forces
to achieve a position of relative advantage over the enemy and other threats. (ADP 3-0) See also
warfighting function.
movement control - (DOD) The planning, routing, scheduling, and control of personnel and cargo movements
over lines of communications; includes maintaining in-transit visibility of forces and material through the deployment and/or redeployment process. See also line of communications; movement control teams; nonunit cargo; non-unit-related personnel. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in ATP 4-48. (Army) The dual process of committing allocated transportation assets and regulating movements according to command priorities to synchronize distribution flow over lines of communications to sustain land forces. (ADP 4-0)
movement control team - (DOD) An Army team used to decentralize the execution of movement
responsibilities on an area basis or at key transportation nodes. Also called MCT. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
movement corridor - A designated area established to protect and enable ground movement along a route.
(ADP 3-37)
movement formation - An ordered arrangement of forces for a specific purpose and describes the general
configuration of a unit on the ground. (ADP 3-90)
movement to contact - (Army) A type of offensive operation designed to develop the situation and establish or
regain contact. (ADP 3-90)
mounted march - The movement of troops and equipment by combat and tactical vehicles. (FM 3-90-2) multi-domain fires - Fires that converge effects from two or more domains against a target. (ADP 3-19) multiechelon training - A training technique that allows for the simultaneous training of more than one
echelon on different or complementary tasks. (ADP 7-0)
multimodal The movement of cargo and personnel using two or more transportation methods (air, highway,
rail, sea) from point of origin to destination. (ATP 4-13)
multinational doctrine - (DOD) The agreed-upon fundamental principles that guide the employment of forces
of two or more nations in coordinated action toward a common objective. (JP 3-16) Referenced in ADP 1-01.
multinational force - (DOD) A force composed of military elements of nations who have formed an alliance
or coalition for a specific purpose. Also called MNF. See also multinational force commander;
multinational operations. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
multinational logistics - (DOD) Any coordinated logistic activity involving two or more nations supporting a
multinational force conducting military operations under the auspices of an alliance or coalition, including those conducted under United Nations mandate. Also called MNL. (JP 3-16) Referenced in FM 4-0.
multinational operations - (DOD) A collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or
more nations, usually undertaken within the structure of a coalition or alliance. (JP 3-16) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-09, FM 3-16, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 6-0.5.
music headquarters - The mission command element of a music performance unit. Also called MHQ.
(ATP 1-19)
music performance detachment - An organic musical unit of a parent music performance unit at a
non-collocated installation. Also called MPD. (ATP 1-19)
music performance team - A compact, modular unit designed to serve as the building block of the music
performance unit. Also called MPT. (ATP 1-19)
music performance unit - A modular music unit in Army force structure. Also called MPU. (ATP 1-19) mutual support - (DOD) That support which units render each other against an enemy, because of their
assigned tasks, their position relative to each other and to the enemy, and their inherent capabilities. (JP 3-31) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.98.
N
named area of interest - (DOD) A geospatial area or systems node or link against which information that will
satisfy a specific information requirement can be collected, usually to capture indications of adversary courses of action. Also called NAI. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2.
national defense strategy - (DOD) A document approved by the Secretary of Defense for applying the Armed
Forces of the United States in coordination with Department of Defense agencies and other instruments of national power to achieve national security strategy objectives. Also called NDS. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
National Incident Management System - (DOD) A national crisis response system that provides a consistent,
nationwide approach for federal, state, local, and tribal governments; the private sector; and nongovernmental organizations to work effectively and efficiently together to prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of cause, size, or complexity. Also called NIMS. (JP 3-41) Referenced in ADP 3-28, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-28.1.
national military strategy - (DOD) A document approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for
distributing and applying military power to attain national security strategy and Defense Strategic Guidance objectives. Also called NMS. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
national security strategy - (DOD) A document approved by the President of the United States for
developing, applying, and coordinating the instruments of national power to achieve objectives that contribute to national security. Also called NSS. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-28.
National Detainee Reporting Center - (DOD) The national-level center that accounts for all persons who pass
through the care, custody, and control of the Department of Defense and that obtains and stores information concerning detainees and their confiscated personal property. Also called NDRC. (JP 3-63) Referenced in
FM 6-27.
national special security event - (DOD) A designated event that, by virtue of its political, economic, social, or
religious significance, may be the target of terrorism or other criminal activity. Also called NSSE. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 2-91.7.
natural disaster - (DOD) A situation that poses significant danger to life and property that results from a
natural cause. See also domestic emergencies. (JP 3-29) Referenced in FM 3-53.
naval surface fire support - (DOD) Fire provided by Navy surface gun and missile systems in support of a
unit or units. Also called NSFS. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09.
Navy tactical air control center - (DOD) The principal air operations installation (ship-based) from which all
aircraft and air warning functions of tactical air operations are controlled. Also called Navy TACC.
(JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-52.2.
navigation warfare - (DOD) Deliberate defensive and offensive action to assure and prevent positioning,
navigation, and timing information through coordinated employment of space, cyberspace, and electronic
warfare operations. Also called NAVWAR. (JP 3-14) Referenced in ADP 3-19, FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
negation - (DOD) In space operations, measures to deceive, disrupt, degrade, deny, or destroy space systems.
(JP 3-14) Referenced in ADP 3-19, FM 3-14.
nerve agent - (DOD) A potentially lethal chemical agent that interferes with the transmission of nerve
impulses. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
nested concept - A planning technique to achieve unity of purpose whereby each succeeding echelon's concept
of operations is aligned by purpose with the higher echelon's concept of operations. (ADP 5-0) See also concept of operations.
net control station - A communications station designated to control traffic and enforce circuit discipline
within a given net. Also called NCS. (ATP 6-02.53)
net division tonnage - The tonnage in short tons, or payload, which can be moved over a railway division each
day. Also called NDT. (ATP 4-14)
net trainload - The payload carried by a train. Also called NTL. (ATP 4-14) network enterprise center - The facility that provides and acquires telecommunications and information
management services on Army installations. Also called NEC. (ATP 6-02.71)
networked munitions - (DOD) Remotely controlled, interconnected, weapons systems designed to provide
rapidly emplaced ground-based countermobility and protection capability through scalable application of lethal and nonlethal means. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 3-90.8, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
network transport - A system of systems including the people, equipment, and facilities that provide
end-to-end communications connectivity for network components. (FM 6-02)
neutral - (DOD) In combat and combat support operations, an identity applied to a track whose characteristics,
behavior, origin, or nationality indicate that it is neither supporting nor opposing friendly forces. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-07. (Army) A party identified as neither supporting nor opposing friendly or enemy forces. (ADP 3-0)
neutralization - In the context of the computed effects of field artillery fires renders a target ineffective for a
short period of time, producing 10-percent casualties or materiel damage. (FM 3-09)
neutralization fire - Fire delivered to render the target ineffective or unusable. (FM 3-09) neutralize - (Army) A tactical mission task that results in rendering enemy personnel or materiel incapable of
interfering with a particular operation. (FM 3-90-1)
N-hour - The time a unit is notified to assemble its personnel and begin the deployment sequence. (FM 3-99) N-hour sequence - Starts the reverse planning necessary after notification to have the first assault aircraft en
route to the objective area for commencement of the parachute assault according to the order for execution. (FM 3-99)
night vision device - (DOD) Any electro-optical device used to detect visible and infrared energy and provide
a visible image. Also called NVD. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-06.1.
night vision goggle - (DOD) An electro-optical, image-intensifying device that detects visible and nearinfrared energy, intensifies the energy, and provides a visible image for night viewing. Also called NVG.
(JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-06.1.
node - (DOD) 1. A location in a mobility system where a movement requirement is originated, processed for
onward movement, or terminated. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-40, ATP 3-57.60. 2. In communications and computer systems, the physical location that provides terminating, switching, and gateway access services to support information exchange. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 3-05.60. 3. An element of a system that represents a person, place, or physical thing. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-13.4, FM 4-01, ATP 3-57.60.
no-fire area - (DOD) An area designated by the appropriate commander into which fires or their effects are
prohibited. Also called NFA. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-96, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-21.90.
noncombatant evacuation operations - (DOD) An operation whereby noncombatant evacuees are evacuated
from a threatened area abroad, which includes areas facing actual or potential danger from natural or manmade disaster, civil unrest, imminent or actual terrorist activities, hostilities, and similar circumstances, that is carried out with the assistance of the Department of Defense. Also called NEO. (JP 3-68) Referenced in FM 3-07, ATP 3-05.68, ATP 3-75.
noncombatant evacuees - (DOD) 1. United States citizens who may be ordered to evacuate by competent
authority, and who are civilian employees of all agencies of the United States Government and their dependents, excepting dependents who are residents in the country concerned of their own volition; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the United States specifically designated for evacuation as noncombatants; and dependents of members of the Armed Forces of the United States. 2. United States citizens and non-United States citizens who may be authorized or assisted to evacuate by competent authority, and who are civilian employees of United States Government agencies and their dependents who are residents in the country concerned of their own volition, but express the willingness to be evacuated; private United States citizens and their dependents; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the United States and their dependents; and designated personnel, including dependents of persons ordered to evacuate, as prescribed by the Department of State. (JP 3-68) Referenced in ATP 3-05.68.
noncontiguous area of operations Where one or more of the commander's subordinate forces' areas of
operation do not share a common boundary. (FM 3-90-1) See also **area of operations**.
nonconventional assisted recovery - (DOD) Personnel recovery conducted by indigenous/surrogate personnel
that are trained, supported, and led by special operations forces, unconventional warfare ground and maritime forces, or other government agencies' personnel that have been specifically trained and directed to
establish and operate indigenous or surrogate infrastructures. Also called NAR. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1.
nongovernmental organization - (DOD) A private, self-governing, not-for-profit organization dedicated to
alleviating human suffering; and/or promoting education, health care, economic development, environmental protection, human rights, and conflict resolution; and/or encouraging the establishment of democratic institutions and civil society. Also called NGO (JP 3-08) Referenced in ADP 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-50, FM 3-57, FM 4-0, FM 6-27, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
non-international armed conflict - An armed conflict not between States, such as a conflict between a State
and a non-State armed group or a conflict between two non-State armed groups. (FM 6-27)
nonlethal weapon - (DOD) A weapon, device, or munition that is explicitly designed and primarily employed
to incapacitate personnel or materiel immediately, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property in the target area or environment. Also called NLW. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
nonproliferation - (DOD) Actions to prevent the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction by dissuading or
impeding access to, or distribution of, sensitive technologies, material, and expertise. (JP 3-40) Referenced
in ADP 3-05.
nonpersistent agent - (DOD) A chemical agent that, when released, dissipates and/or loses its ability to cause
casualties after 10 to 15 minutes. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
nonstandard bridging - Bridging that is purposely designed for a particular gap and typically built using
commercial or locally available materials. (ATP 3-90.4)
nontransportable patient - A patient whose medical condition is such that he could not survive further
evacuation to the rear without surgical intervention to stabilize his medical condition. (ATP 4-02.2)
no-strike list - (DOD) A list of objects or entities characterized as protected from the effects of military
operations under international law and/or rules of engagement. Also called NSL. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-57.60.
objective - (DOD) 1. The clearly defined, decisive, and attainable goal toward which every operation is
directed. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 3-90, ADP 5-0, FM 6-27, ATP 2-01.3. (Army) A location used to orient operations, phase operations, facilitate changes of direction, and provide for unity of effort. (ADP 3-90)
objective area - (DOD) A geographical area, defined by competent authority, within which is located an
objective to be captured or reached by the military forces. Also called OA. (JP 3-06) Referenced in ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
objective rally point - An easily identifiable point where all elements of the infiltrating unit assemble and
prepare to attack the objective. (ADP 3-90)
obscurant - Material that decreases the level of energy available for the functions of seekers, trackers, and
vision enhancement devices. (ATP 3-11.50)
obscuration - The employment of materials into the environment that degrade optical and/or electro-optical
capabilities within select portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order to deny acquisition by or deceive an enemy or adversary. (ATP 3-11.50)
obscuration blanket - A dense horizontal concentration of smoke covering an area of ground with visibility
inside the concentration less than 50 meters. (ATP 3-11.50)
obscuration curtain - A vertical development of smoke that reduces the enemy's ability to clearly identify
what is occurring on the other side of the cloud. (ATP 3-11.50)
obscuration haze - Obscuration placed over friendly areas to restrict adversary observations and fire, but not
dense enough to disrupt friendly operations within the screen. (ATP 3-11.50)
observable - (DOD) In military deception, the detectable result of the combination of an indicator within an
adversary's conduit intended to cause action or inaction by the deception target. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
observation - The condition of weather and terrain that permits a force to see the friendly, enemy, and neutral
personnel and systems, and key aspects of the environment. (FM 1-02.1)
observation post - A position from which military observations are made, or fire directed and adjusted, and
which possesses appropriate communications. While aerial observers and sensors systems are extremely useful, those systems do not constitute aerial observation posts. Also called OP. (FM 3-90-2)
obstacle - (DOD) Any natural or man-made obstruction designed or employed to disrupt, fix, turn, or block the
movement of an opposing force, and to impose additional losses in personnel, time, and equipment on the opposing force. (JP 3-15) Referenced in FM 3-90-1, FM 3-99, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
obstacle belt - (DOD) A brigade-level command and control measure, normally depicted graphically, to show
where within an obstacle zone the ground tactical commander plans to limit friendly obstacle employment and focus the defense. (JP 3-15) Referenced in FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
obstacle control measures - Specific measures that simplify the granting of obstacle-emplacing authority
while providing obstacle control. (FM 3-90-1)
obstacle groups - One or more individual obstacles grouped to provide a specific obstacle effect. (FM 3-90-1) obstacle line - A conceptual control measure used at battalion or brigade level to show placement intent
without specifying a particular type of linear obstacle. (FM 1-02.1)
obstacle restricted areas - (DOD) A command and control measure used to limit the type or number of
obstacles within an area. (JP 3-15) See also **obstacle**. Referenced in ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20,
ATP 3-90.8.
obstacle zone - (DOD) A division-level command and control measure to designate specific land areas where
lower echelons are allowed to employ tactical obstacles. (JP 3-15) Referenced in FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
occupy - A tactical mission task that involves a force moving a friendly force into an area so that it can control
that area. Both the force's movement to and occupation of the area occur without enemy opposition.
(FM 3-90-1)
offensive counterair - (DOD) Offensive operations to destroy or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch
platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, and as close to their source as possible. Also called OCA. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-01, FM 3-09, ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-55.6.
offensive cyberspace operations - (DOD) Missions intended to project power in and through cyberspace. Also
called OCO. (JP 3-12) Referenced in FM 6-02.
offensive fires - Fires that preempt enemy actions. (FM 3-09) offensive operation - An operation to defeat or destroy enemy forces and gain control of terrain, resources, and
population centers. (ADP 3-0)
offensive space control - (DOD) Offensive operations conducted for space negation. Also called OSC.
(JP 3-14) Referenced in ADP 3-19, FM 3-14.
offshore petroleum discharge system - (DOD) Provides bulk transfer of petroleum directly from an offshore
tanker to a beach termination unit located immediately inland from the high watermark. Also called OPDS. (JP 4-03) Referenced in ATP 4-43.
on-call target - (DOD) Planned target upon which fires or other actions are determined using deliberate
targeting and triggered, when detected or located, using dynamic targeting. (JP 3-60) Referenced in
ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-60.1.
on-order mission - A mission to be executed at an unspecified time. (FM 6-0) on-scene commander - (DOD) 1. An individual in the immediate vicinity of an isolating event who
temporarily assumes command of the incident. Also called OSC. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
on-station time - (DOD) The time an aircraft can remain on station, which may be determined by endurance or
orders. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
open source - Any person or group that provides information without the expectations of privacy - the
information, the relationship, or both is not protected against public disclosure. (ATP 2-22.9)
open-source information - (DOD) Information that any member of the public could lawfully obtain by request
or observation as well as other unclassified information that has limited public distribution or access. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ATP 2-22.9.
open-source intelligence - (DOD) Relevant information derived from the systematic collection, processing,
and analysis of publicly available information in response to known or anticipated intelligence
requirements. Also called OSINT. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 3-16, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 3-96.1.

operation - (DOD) 1. A sequence of tactical actions with a common purpose or unifying theme. (JP 1)
Referenced in ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-13.1. 2. A military
action or the carrying out of a strategic, operational, tactical, service, training, or administrative military
mission. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 3-90, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-09.42.
operational approach - (DOD) A broad description of the mission, operational concepts, tasks, and actions
required to accomplish the mission. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 5-0.1.
operational area - (DOD) An overarching term encompassing more descriptive terms (such as area of
responsibility and joint operations area) for geographic areas in which military operations are conducted. Also called OA. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-60.2.
operational art - (DOD) The cognitive approach by commanders and staffs--supported by their skill,
knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgment--to develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 2-0, FM 3-0, ATP 5-0.1.
operational concept - A fundamental statement that frames how Army forces, operating as part of a joint
force, conduct operations. (ADP 1-01)
operational control - (DOD) The authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces
involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. Also called OPCON. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 4-30, FM 6-0, FM 6-05, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-43.
operational decontamination - (DOD) Decontamination carried out by an individual and/or a unit, restricted
to specific parts of operationally essential equipment, materiel, and/or working areas, to minimize contact and transfer hazards and to sustain operations. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 4-02.7.
operational dental care - The dental care provided for deployed Soldiers in theater consisting of emergency
dental care and essential dental care. (ATP 4-02.19)
operational energy - (DOD) The energy required for training, moving, and sustaining military forces and
weapons platforms for military operations. (JP 4-0) Referenced in FM 4-0.
operational environment - (DOD) A composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the
employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander. Also called OE. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0,
FM 1-04, FM 2-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-13, FM 3-24, FM 3-52, FM 3-53, FM 3-57, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, FM 4-30, FM 6-05, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-20.97, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-57.10, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-11, ATP 4-43, ATP 4-48, ATP 5-0.1.
operational framework - A cognitive tool used to assist commanders and staffs in clearly visualizing and
describing the application of combat power in time, space, purpose, and resources in the concept of operations. (ADP 1-01)
operational initiative - The setting of tempo and terms of action throughout an operation. (ADP 3-0) operational intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence that is required for planning and conducting campaigns and
major operations to accomplish strategic objectives within theaters or operational areas. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 3-92.
operational level of warfare - (DOD) The level of warfare at which campaigns and major operations are
planned, conducted, and sustained to achieve strategic objectives within theaters or other operational areas. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, ATP 2-33.4.
operational preparation of the environment - (DOD) The conduct of activities in likely or potential areas of
operations to prepare and shape the operational environment. Also called OPE. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05.
operational reach - (DOD) The distance and duration across which a force can successfully employ military
capabilities. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-94, FM 4-0, FM 4-01, ATP 3-04.7,
ATP 3-92, ATP 4-15.
operational training domain - The training activities organizations undertake while at home station, at
maneuver combat training centers, during joint exercises, at mobility centers, and while operationally deployed. (ADP 7-0)
operational variables - A comprehensive set of information categories used to describe an operational
environment. (ADP 1-01)
operation order - (DOD) A directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders for the purpose of
effecting the coordinated execution of an operation. Also called OPORD. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 1-01, FM 6-0, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
operation plan - (DOD) A complete and detailed plan containing a full description of the concept of
operations, all annexes applicable to the plan, and a time-phased force and deployment list. Also called OPLAN. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 4-43.
operations data report - An annotated chronology of the unit's operations that will be fully supported by an
indexed set of key historical documents. (ATP 1-20)
operations in depth - The simultaneous application of combat power throughout an area of operations.
(ADP 3-90)
operations process - The major command and control activities performed during operations: planning,
preparing, executing, and continuously assessing the operation. (ADP 5-0)
operations security - (DOD) A capability that identifies and controls critical information, indicators of friendly
force actions attendant to military operations, and incorporates countermeasures to reduce the risk of an adversary exploiting vulnerabilities. Also called OPSEC. (JP 3-13.3) Referenced in ADP 3-37, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 6-02.71.
operations security vulnerability - (DOD) A condition in which friendly actions provide operations security
indicators that may be obtained and accurately evaluated by an adversary in time to provide a basis for effective adversary decision making. (JP 3-13.3) Referenced in FM 3-13.4.
opinio juris - A statement of customary international law resulting from a general and consistent practice of
States followed from a sense of legal obligation. (FM 6-27)
order of battle - (DOD) The identification, strength, command structure, and disposition of the personnel,
units, and equipment of any military force. Also called OB. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
ordnance - (DOD) Explosives, chemicals, pyrotechnics, and similar stores, e.g., bombs, guns and ammunition,
flares, smoke, or napalm. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 4-32.2.
organic - (DOD) Assigned to and forming an essential part of a military organization as listed in its table of
organization for the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps and are assigned to the operating forces for the Navy. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 4-30, FM 6-0.
orienting angle - A horizontal, clockwise angle measured from the line of fire to the orienting line.
(ATP 3-09.50)
orienting line - A line of known direction in the firing unit's area that serves as a basis for laying the firing unit
for direction. (ATP 3-09.50)
orienting station - 1. A point established on the ground that has directional control. 2. An orienting device,
such as an aiming circle or gun laying and positioning system, set up over a point to lay the weapons by the orienting angle method. (ATP 3-09.50)
outpatient - A person receiving medical/dental examination and/or treatment from medical personnel and in a
status other than being admitted to a hospital. Included in this category is the person who is treated and retained (held) in a medical treatment facility (such as a Role 2 facility) other than a hospital. (ATP 4-02.10)
overbridging - A method used to reinforce, provide emergency repair, or augment existing bridges or bridge
spans using standard bridging. (ATP 3-90.4)
overhead persistent infrared - (DOD) 1. Those systems originally developed to detect and track foreign
intercontinental ballistic missile systems. Also called OPIR. (JP 3-14) Referenced in ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.5.
overwatch - A task that positions an element to support the movement of another element with immediate fire.
(ATP 3-21.10)

## P

parallel planning - Two or more echelons planning for the same operations nearly simultaneously facilitated
by the use of warning orders by the higher headquarters. (ADP 5-0)
paramilitary forces - (DOD) Armed forces or groups distinct from the conventional armed forces of any
country, but resembling them in organization, equipment, training, or mission. (JP 3-24) Referenced in ATP 3-20.96.
parlementaire - Agents or envoys employed by commanders in the field to go in person within the enemy lines
for the purpose of communicating or negotiating openly and directly with the enemy commander.
(FM 6-27)
partner nation - (DOD) Those nations that the United States works with to disrupt the production,
transportation, distribution, and sale of illicit drugs, as well as the money involved with this illicit activity. Also called PN. (JP 3-07.4) Referenced in FM 3-53, FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.20.
passage lane - A lane through an enemy or friendly obstacle that provides a safe passage for a passing force.
(FM 3-90-2)
passage of lines - (DOD) An operation in which a force moves forward or rearward through another force's
combat positions with the intention of moving into or out of contact with the enemy. (JP 3-18) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-90-2, FM 3-96, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5.
passage point - A specifically designated place where the passing units will pass through the stationary unit.
Also called PP. (FM 3-90-2) See also **passage of lines**.
passive air defense - (DOD) All measures other than active air defense, taken to minimize the effectiveness of
hostile air and missile threats against friendly forces and assets. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ADP 3-90,
FM 3-01, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-27.5.
patient - A sick, injured or wounded Soldier who receives medical care or treatment from medically trained
personnel. (FM 4-02)
patient decontamination - The removal and/or the neutralization of hazardous levels of chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear contamination from patients before admission into a medical treatment facility under the supervision of medical personnel to prevent further injury to the patient during the decontamination process. (ATP 4-02.7)
patient estimates - Estimates derived from the casualty estimate prepared by the personnel staff
officer/assistant chief of staff, personnel. The patient medical workload is determined by the Army Health System support planner. Patient estimate only encompasses medical casualty. (ATP 4-02.55)
patient movement - The act of moving a sick, injured, wounded, or other person to obtain medical and/or
dental care or treatment. (ATP 4-02.2)
patrol - A detachment sent out by a larger unit to conduct a specific mission that operates semi-independently
and return to the main body upon completion of mission. (ATP 3-21.8)
peace building - (DOD) Stability actions that strengthen and rebuild a society's institutions, infrastructure, and
civic life to avoid a relapse into conflict. Also called PB. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ADP 3-07, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-07.5.
peace enforcement - (DOD) Application of military force, or the threat of its use, normally pursuant to
international authorization, to compel compliance with resolutions or sanctions designed to maintain or
restore peace and order. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ADP 3-07, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-07.5.
peacekeeping - (DOD) Military operations undertaken, with the consent of all major parties to a dispute,
designed to monitor and facilitate implementation of an agreement (cease fire, truce, or other such agreement) and support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political settlement. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ADP 3-07, FM 3-53, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6.
peacemaking - (DOD) The process of diplomacy, mediation, negotiation, or other forms of peaceful
settlements that arranges an end to a dispute and resolves issues that led to it. Also called PM. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ADP 3-07, FM 3-07, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31.
peace operations - (DOD) Multiagency and multinational crisis response and limited contingency operations
involving all instruments of national power with military missions to contain conflict, redress the peace, and shape the environment to support reconciliation and rebuilding and facilitate the transition to legitimate governance. Also called PO. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ADP 3-07, FM 3-07, FM 3-53, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31.
penetration - A form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to rupture enemy defenses on a narrow
front to disrupt the defensive system. (FM 3-90-1)
permissive environment - (DOD) Operational environment in which host nation military and law enforcement
agencies have control, as well as the intent and capability to assist operations that a unit intends to conduct. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-57, FM 3-14, ATP 3-57.10.
persistent agent - (DOD) A chemical agent that, when released, remains able to cause casualties for more than
24 hours to several days or weeks. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 4-02.85.
personal locator beacon - (DOD) An emergency device carried by individuals, to assist locating during
personnel recovery. Also called PLB. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
personal protective equipment - (DOD) Mission-specific protective clothing and equipment provided to
shield or isolate selected personnel from a particular chemical, biological, radiological, and some nuclear hazards. Also called PPE. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 4-02.84.
personnel recovery - (DOD) The sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the
recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel. Also called PR. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ADP 3-05,
ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-04.13, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-55.6.
personnel recovery coordination cell - (DOD) The primary joint force component organization responsible
for coordinating and controlling component personnel recovery missions. Also called PRCC. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
personnel services - Sustainment functions that man and fund the force, maintain Soldier and family readiness,
promote the moral and ethical values of the nation, and enable the fighting qualities of the Army. (ADP 4-0)
phase - (DOD) In planning, a definitive stage of a campaign or operation during which a large portion of the
forces and capabilities are involved in similar or mutually supporting activities for a common purpose. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 3-13.1. (Army) A planning and execution tool used to divide an operation in duration or activity. (ADP 3-0)
phase line - (DOD) An easily identified feature in the operational area utilized for control and coordination of
military operations. Also called PL. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-21.90.
P-hour - The specific hour on D-day at which a parachute assault commences with the exit of the first Soldier
from an aircraft over a designated drop zone. P-hour may or may not coincide with H-hour. (FM 6-0)
physical security - (DOD) That part of security concerned with physical measures designed to safeguard
personnel; to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material, and documents; and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-13, FM 3-96, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-02.75.
physical security inspection - A formal, recorded assessment of the physical protective measures and security
procedures that are implemented to protect unit and activity assets. (ATP 3-39.32)
physical security survey - A formal recorded assessment of an installation's overall physical security program,
including electronic security measures. (ATP 3-39.32)
piecemeal commitment - The immediate employment of units in combat as they become available instead of
waiting for larger aggregations of units to ensure mass, or the unsynchronized employment of available forces so that their combat power is not employed effectively. (ADP 3-90)
pilot team - A deliberately structured composite organization comprised of Special Forces operational
detachment members, with likely augmentation by interagency or other skilled personnel, designed to infiltrate a designated area to conduct sensitive preparation of the environment activities and assess the potential to conduct unconventional warfare in support of U.S. objectives. (ATP 3-05.1)
planned target - (DOD) Target that is known to exist in the operational environment, upon which actions are
planned using deliberate targeting, creating effects which support commander's objectives. There are two
subcategories of planned targets: scheduled and on-call. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-99, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-60.1.
planning - The art and science of understanding a situation, envisioning a desired future, and determining
effective ways to bring that future about. (ADP 5-0)
planning horizon - A point in time commanders use to focus the organization's planning efforts to shape
future events. (ADP 5-0) See also **planning**.
plan requirements and assess collection - The task of analyzing requirements, evaluating available assets
(internal and external), recommending to the operations staff taskings for information collection assets, submiting requests for information for adjacent and higher collection support, and assessing the effectiveness of the information collection plan. (ATP 2-01)
platoon - A subdivision of a company or troop consisting of two or more squads or sections. (ADP 3-90) pointee-talkee - (DOD) A language aid containing selected phrases in English opposite a translation in a
foreign language used by pointing to appropriate phrases. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.22.
point of breach - The location at an obstacle where the creation of a lane is being attempted. (ATP 3-90.4) point of departure - The point where the unit crosses the line of departure and begins moving along a direction
of attack. (ADP 3-90)
point of employment - (DOD) In distribution operations, a physical location designated by the commander at
the tactical level where force employment, emplacement, or commodity consumption occurs. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-0.
point of need - (DOD) In distribution operations, a physical location within a desired operational area
designated by the geographic combatant commander or subordinate commander as a receiving point for forces or materiel, for subsequent use or consumption. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-0.
point of origin - (DOD) In distribution operations, the beginning point of a deployment, redeployment, or
movement where forces or materiel are located. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-0.
point of penetration - The location, identified on the ground, where the commander concentrates their efforts
at the enemy weakest point to seize a foothold on the far side objective. (ATP 3-90.4)
police information - Information collected during military police operations concerning crime, disorder,
criminal activity, and criminal threats. (FM 3-39)
police intelligence - The product resulting from the collection, processing, analysis, and integration of criminal
intelligence and crime analysis about crime, disorder, criminal activity, and criminal threats. (FM 3-39)
police intelligence operations - The application of systems, technologies, and processes that analyze
applicable data and information necessary for situational understanding and focusing policing activities to
achieve social order. (FM 3-39)
policing - The application of control measures within an area of operations to maintain law and order, safety,
and other matters affecting the general welfare of the population. (FM 3-39)
populace and resources control - Operations which provide security for the populace, deny personnel and
materiel to the enemy, mobilize population and materiel resources, and detect and reduce the effectiveness of enemy agents. Populace control measures include curfews, movement restrictions, travel permits, registration cards, and resettlement of civilians. Resource control measures include licensing, regulations or guidelines, checkpoints (for example, road blocks), ration controls, amnesty programs, and inspection of facilities. Most military operations employ some type of populace and resources control measures. Also called PRC. (FM 3-57)
port of debarkation - (DOD) The geographic point at which cargo or personnel are discharged. Also called
POD. (JP 4-0) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 4-13.
port of embarkation - (DOD) The geographic point in a routing scheme from which cargo or personnel depart.
Also called POE. See also port of debarkation. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 4-13.
port opening - The ability to establish, initially operate and facilitate throughput for ports of debarkation to
support unified land operations. (ADP 4-0)
port support activity - (DOD) A tailorable support organization composed of mobilization station assets that
ensures the equipment of the deploying units is ready to load. Also called PSA. See also support. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
position area for artillery - An area assigned to an artillery unit where individual artillery systems can
maneuver to increase their survivability. A position area for artillery is not an area of operations for the artillery unit occupying it. Also called PAA. (FM 3-90-1)
position of relative advantage - A location or the establishment of a favorable condition within the area of
operations that provides the commander with temporary freedom of action to enhance combat y or
influence the enemy to accept risk and move to a position of disadvantage. (ADP 3-0)
positive control - (DOD) A method of airspace control that relies on positive identification, tracking, and
direction of aircraft within an airspace, conducted with electronic means by an agency having the authority and responsibility therein. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-52, FM 3-96, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-21.20.
positive identification - (DOD) An identification derived from observation and analysis of target
characteristics including visual recognition, electronic support systems, non-cooperative target recognition techniques, identification friend or foe systems, or other physics-based identification techniques. Also called PID. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-60.2.
precision-guided munition - (DOD) A guided weapon intended to destroy a point target and minimize
collateral damage. Also called PGM. (JP 3-03) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-98, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-09.50.
precision munition - A munition that corrects for ballistic conditions using guidance and control up to the
aimpoint or submunitions dispense with terminal accuracy less than the lethal radius of effects. (FM 3-09)
precision smart munition - A munition or submunition that autonomously searches for, detects, classifies,
selects, and engages a target or targets. A precision smart munition has a limited target discrimination capability. (FM 3-09)
preparation - Those activities performed by units and Soldiers to improve their ability to execute an operation.
(ADP 5-0)
preparation fire - Normally a high volume of fires delivered over a short period of time to maximize surprise
and shock effect. Preparation fire include electronic attack and should be synchronized with other electronic warfare activities. (FM 3-09)
preparation of the environment An umbrella term for operations and activities conducted by selectively
trained special operations forces to develop an environment for potential future special operations. Also
called PE. (FM 1-02.1)
presumptive identification - The employment of technologies with limited specificity and sensitivity by
general-purpose forces in a field environment to determine the presence of a chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear hazard with a low level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary to support immediate tactical decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
preventive medicine - The anticipation, prediction, identification, prevention, and control of communicable
diseases (including vector-, food-, and waterborne diseases), illnesses, injuries, and diseases due to exposure to occupational and environmental threats, including nonbattle injury threats, combat stress responses, and other threats to the health and readiness of military personnel and military units. (FM 4-02)
primary position - The position that covers the enemy's most likely avenue of approach into the area of
operations. (ADP 3-90)
principle - A comprehensive and fundamental rule or an assumption of central importance that guides how an
organization approaches and thinks about the conduct of operations. (ADP 1-01)
principles of operations - Time-tested general characteristics of successful operations that serve as guides for
the conduct of future operations. (ADP 1-01)
priority intelligence requirement - (DOD) An intelligence requirement that the commander and staff need to
understand the threat and other aspects of the operational environment. Also called PIR. (JP 2-01) Referenced in ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, FM 3-57, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-22.9, ATP 2-91.7, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-20.98, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-93, ATP 6-02.2.
priority of fires - The commander's guidance to his staff, subordinate commanders, fire support planners, and
supporting agencies to organize and employ fire support in accordance with the relative importance of the
unit's mission. (FM 3-09) See also **fire support**.
priority of support - A priority set by the commander to ensure a subordinate unit has support in accordance
with its relative importance to accomplishing the mission. (ADP 5-0)
priority target - A target, based on either time or importance, on which the delivery of fires takes precedence
over all the fires for the designated firing unit or element. (FM 3-09)
prisoner of war - (DOD) A detained person (as defined in Articles 4 and 5 of the Geneva Convention Relative
to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of August 12, 1949) who, while engaged in combat under orders of his or her government, is captured by the armed forces of the enemy. Also called POW. (JP 3-50) Referenced in FM 6-27.
private information - Data, facts, instructions, or other material intended for or restricted to a particular
person, group, or organization. (ATP 2-22.9)
private sector - (DOD) An umbrella term that may be applied to any or all of the nonpublic or commercial
individuals and businesses, specified nonprofit organizations, most of academia and other scholastic institutions, and selected nongovernmental organizations. (JP 3-57) Referenced in ATP 3-57.20.
privity of contract - (DOD) The legal relationship that exists between two contracting parties. (JP 4-10)
Referenced in ATP 4-10.
probable line of deployment - A phase line that designates the location where the commander intends to
deploy the unit into assault formation before beginning the assault. Also called PLD. (ADP 3-90)
procedural control - (DOD) A method of airspace control which relies on a combination of previously agreed
and promulgated orders and procedures. (JP 3-52) Referenced in FM 3-52, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-01.7.
procedures - (DOD) Standard, detailed steps that prescribe how to perform specific tasks. (CJCSM 5120.01)
Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 6-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-90.90.
procedure word - (DOD) A word or phrase limited to radio telephone procedure used to facilitate
communication by conveying information in a condensed standard form. Also called proword. (JP 3-09.3)
Referenced in ATP 6-02.53.
processing, exploitation, and dissemination - The execution of the related functions that converts and refines
collected data into usable information, distributes the information for further analysis, and, when
appropriate, provides combat information to commanders and staffs. (ADP 2-0)
program of targets - A planned sequential attack of similar targets. (ATP 3-09.42) progressive yard - A multifunctional yard structured to move cars in a fluid and rapid manner, containing
receiving, classification, and departure yards. (ATP 4-14)
projected obscuration - An obscurant produced by artillery or mortar munitions, naval gunfire,
helicopter-delivered rockets or, potentially, weapon grenades. (ATP 3-11.50)
proof - The verification that a lane is free of mines or explosive hazards and that the width and trafficability at
the point of breach are suitable for the passing force. (ATP 3-90.4)
proportionality - The law of armed conflict principle requiring combatants to refrain from attacks in which the
expected loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, and damage to civilian objects would be excessive in
relation to the concrete and direct military advantage expected to be gained. (FM 6-27)
protected emblems - (DOD) The red cross, red crescent, and other symbols that designate that persons, places,
or equipment so marked have a protected status under the law of war. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 6-27.
protected frequencies - (DOD) Friendly, generally time-oriented, frequencies used for a particular operation,
identified and protected to prevent them from being inadvertently jammed by friendly forces while active electromagnetic warfare operations are directed against hostile forces. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
protected persons/places - (DOD) Persons (such as enemy prisoners of war) and places (such as hospitals) that
enjoy special protections under the law of war and which may or may not be marked with protected
emblems. (JP 3-84) Referenced in FM 6-27.
protecting power - A neutral or non-belligerent State having a humanitarian role in armed conflict. (FM 6-27) protection - (DOD) Preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related military and
nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure deployed or located within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-37, ADP 5-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-11, FM 4-0, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 4-02.19.
protection obscuration - Obscuration effects placed within the area of operations that contribute to the
increased protection of United States forces and their interests by defeating on degrading adversary detection, observation, and engagement capabilities. (ATP 3-11.50)
protection warfighting function - The related tasks and systems that preserve the force so the commander can
apply maximum combat power to accomplish the mission. (ADP 3-0) See also **warfighting function**.
psychological action - Lethal and nonlethal actions planned, coordinated, and conducted to produce a
psychological effect in a foreign individual, group, or population. (FM 3-53)
psychological objective - A statement of a measurable response that reflects the desired attitude or behavior
change of a selected foreign target audience as a result of military information support operations. (FM 3-53)
public affairs - (DOD) Communication activities with external and internal audiences. Also called PA.
(JP 3-61) See also **public information**. Referenced in FM 3-24, ATP 3-13.1.
public component - An overt political manifestation of a resistance. (ATP 3-18.1)
public information - (DOD) Within public affairs, that information of a military nature, the dissemination of
which is consistent with security and approved for release. (JP 3-61) Referenced in FM 3-53.
purple kill box - A fire support and airspace coordination measure used to facilitate the attack of surface
targets with subsurface-, surface-to-surface, and air-to-surface munitions without further coordination with
the area of operation commander's headquarters. Also called PKB. (ATP 3-09.34)
pursuit - A type of offensive operation designed to catch or cut off a hostile force attempting to escape, with
the aim of destroying it. (ADP 3-90)

## Q

quartering party - A group of unit representatives dispatched to a probable new site of operations in advance
of the main body to secure, reconnoiter, and organize an area prior to the main body's arrival and
occupation. (FM 3-90-2)
quick response force - A dedicated force on a base with adequate tactical mobility and fire support designated
to defeat Level I and Level II threats and shape Level III threats until they can be defeated by a tactical combat force or other available response forces. (ATP 3-37.10)

## R

radiological dispersal device - (DOD) An improvised assembly or process, other than a nuclear explosive
device, designed to disseminate radioactive material to cause destruction, damage, or injury. Also called RDD. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-50.20.
radiological exposure device - (DOD) A radioactive source placed to cause injury or death. Also called RED.
(JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-50.20.
radio silence - The status on a radio network in which all stations are directed to continuously monitor without
transmitting, except under established criteria. (ATP 6-02.53)
raid - (DOD) An operation to temporarily seize an area to secure information, confuse an enemy, capture
personnel or equipment, or to destroy a capability culminating with a planned withdrawal. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-09.60, ATP 3-18.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-75, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-94.2.
rally point - An easily identifiable point on the ground at which units can reassemble and reorganize if they
become dispersed. (ATP 3-21.20)
Rangers - (DOD) Rapidly deployable airborne light infantry organized and trained to conduct highly complex
joint direct action operations in coordination with or in support of other special operations units of all Services. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, ATP 3-75.
reachback - (DOD) The process of obtaining products, services, and applications, or forces, or equipment, or
material from organizations that are not forward deployed. (JP 3-30) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 6-02.54, ATP 6-02.60, ATP 6-02.71.
rear boundary - A boundary that defines the rearward limits of a unit's area. It usually also defines the start of
the next echelon's support area. (FM 3-90-1) See also area of operations, **boundary**.
rear echelon - The echelon containing those elements of the force that are not required in the objective area.
(FM 3-99)
rearward extension of the line of fire - An imaginary line in the exact opposite direction of the line of fire that
extends through the center axis of the tube when looking down through the muzzle to the breech of the weapon. (ATP 3-09.50)
rearward passage of lines - Occurs when a unit passes through another unit's positions while moving away
from the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
reattack recommendation - (DOD) An assessment, derived from the results of battle damage assessment and
munitions effectiveness assessment, providing the commander systematic advice on reattack of a target. Also called RR. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09.
receiving yard - Yard where trains are cleared promptly on arrival to prevent main line congestion. (ATP 4-14) reception - (DOD) 3. The process of receiving, off-loading, marshalling, accounting for, and transporting of
personnel, equipment, and materiel from the strategic and/or intratheater deployment phase to a sea, air, or surface transportation point of debarkation to the marshalling area. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 4-01,
ATP 3-35, ATP 3-93.
reconnaissance - (DOD) A mission undertaken to obtain, by visual observation or other detection methods,
information about the activities and resources of an enemy or adversary, or to secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area. Also called RECON. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 3-90, FM 2-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-90-2, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-91.
reconnaissance by fire - A technique in which a unit fires on a suspected enemy position to cause the enemy
forces to disclose their presence by movement or return fire. (FM 3-90-2)
reconnaissance handover - The action that occurs between two elements in order to coordinate the transfer of
information and/or responsibility for observation of potential threat contact, or the transfer of an assigned area from one element to another. (FM 3-98)
reconnaissance handover line - A designated phase line on the ground where reconnaissance responsibility
transitions from one element to another. (FM 3-98)
reconnaissance in force - A type of reconnaissance operation designed to discover or test the enemy's
strength, dispositions, and reactions or to obtain other information. (ADP 3-90)
reconnaissance objective - A terrain feature, geographic area, enemy force, adversary, or other mission or
operational variable about which the commander wants to obtain additional information. (ADP 3-90)
reconnaissance-pull - Reconnaissance that determines which routes are suitable for maneuver, where the
enemy is strong and weak, and where gaps exist, thus pulling the main body toward and along the path of least resistance. This facilitates the commander's initiative and agility. (FM 3-90-2)
reconnaissance-push - Reconnaissance that refines the common operational picture, enabling the commander
to finalize the plan and support shaping and decisive operations. It is normally used once the commander commits to a scheme of maneuver or course of action. (FM 3-90-2)
reconstitution - (DOD) 2. Those actions, including regeneration and reorganization, commanders plan and
implement to restore units to a desired level of combat effectiveness commensurate with mission requirements and available resources. (JP 3-02) Referenced in ADP 3-90. (Army) Actions that commanders plan and implement to restore units to a desired level of combat effectiveness commensurate with mission requirements and available resources. (ATP 3-21.20)
recovery - (DOD) 1. In air (aviation) operations, that phase of a mission that involves the return of an aircraft
to a land base or platform afloat. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ATP 3-04.13. 3. In personnel recovery, actions taken to physically gain custody of isolated personnel and return them to friendly control. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10. 4. Actions taken to extricate damaged or disabled equipment for return to friendly control or repair at another location. See also evader; evasion. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ATP 3-04.13.
recovered explosive ordnance - Devices that are retrieved in the operational environment, from field storage
sites and licensed storage areas that contain explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in operations, including demolitions which when salvaged have not been primed for use and may or may not be in their primary or logistic packaging. (FM 4-30)
recovery area - A predetermined expanse of terrain of no standard dimension where isolated personnel and
recovery forces can safely link-up if communications are degraded or immediate recovery efforts are not successful. (ATP 3-50.20)
recovery operations - (DOD) Operations conducted to search for, locate, identify, recover, and return isolated
personnel, human remains, sensitive equipment, or items critical to national security. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
recovery site - (DOD) In personnel recovery, an area from which isolated personnel can be recovered.
(JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
recovery vehicle - (DOD) In personnel recovery, the vehicle on which isolated personnel are boarded and
transported from the recovery site. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-18.14, ATP 3-50.10.
redeployment - (DOD) The transfer or rotation of forces and materiel to support another commander's
operational requirements, or to return personnel, equipment, and materiel to the home and/or demobilization stations for reintegration and/or out-processing. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 2-0, FM 4-01, ATP 3-35. (Army) The transfer of forces and materiel to home and/or demobilization stations for reintegration and/or out-processing. (ATP 3-35)
red team - (DOD) An organizational element comprised of trained and educated members that provide an
independent capability to fully explore alternatives in plans and operations in the context of the operational environment and from the perspective of adversaries and others. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 2-19.3.
reduce - 1. A tactical mission task that involves the destruction of an encircled or bypassed enemy force.
(FM 3-90-1) 2. A mobility task to create and mark lanes through, over, or around an obstacle to allow the
attacking force to accomplish its mission. (ATP 3-90.4) See also assault, bypass, destroy, **neutralize**, obscure, secure, suppress, **tactical mission task**.
reduction - (DOD) The creation of lanes through a minefield or obstacle to allow passage of the attacking
ground force. (JP 3-15) Referenced in ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
reduction area - A number of adjacent points of breach that are under the control of the breaching commander.
(ATP 3-90.4)
redundancy - Using two or more like assets to collect against the same intelligence requirement. (FM 3-90-2) refer - To measure, using the panoramic telescope, the deflection to a given aiming point without moving the
tube of the weapon. (ATP 3-09.50)
referred deflection - The deflection measured to an aiming point without moving the tube of the weapon.
(ATP 3-09.50)
regional air defense commander - (DOD) Commander, subordinate to the area air defense commander, who
is responsible for air and missile defense in the assigned region and exercises authorities as delegated by the area air defense commander. Also called RADC. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5.
regional hub node - The gateway transport node for the Warfighter Information Network-Tactical, and the
transport medium for theater-based network service centers. (ATP 6-02.60)
regionally aligned forces - Those forces that provide a combatant commander with up to joint task force
capable headquarters with scalable, tailorable capabilities to enable the combatant commander to shape the environment. They are those Army units assigned to combatant commands, those Army units allocated to a
combatant command, and those Army capabilities distributed and prepared by the Army for combatant command regional missions. (FM 3-22)
regional mechanism - The primary method through which friendly forces affect indigenous populations, host
nations, or the enemy to establish the conditions needed to safeguard our interests and those of our allies. (ADP 3-05)
regional support group - A deployable headquarters that manages base camps or base clusters with a
population of 6,000 or more personnel and requires services beyond basic life support. (ATP 3-90.20)
registering piece - The howitzer designated by the fire direction center to conduct a registration fire mission.
(ATP 3-09.50)
rehearsal - A session in which the commander and staff or unit practices expected actions to improve
performance during execution. (ADP 5-0)
reinforcing - A support relationship requiring a force to support another supporting unit. (FM 3-0)
reintegrate - (DOD) In personnel recovery, the task of providing medical care and psychological
decompression to allow the conduct of appropriate debriefings to ultimately return recovered personnel back to duty and their family. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
reintegration - The process through which former combatants, belligerents, and displaced civilians receive
amnesty, reenter civil society, gain sustainable employment, and become contributing members of the local
populace. (ADP 3-07)
relay - A single transport mission completed in one trip and utilizes multiple vehicles without transferring the
load. (ATP 4-11)
release point - A location on a route where marching elements are released from centralized control. Also
called RP. (FM 3-90-2) See also lane, march column, march serial, march unit, **start point**.
relevant information - All information of importance to the commander and staff in the exercise of command
and control. (ADP 6-0)
relief in place - (DOD) An operation in which, by direction of higher authority, all or part of a unit is replaced
in an area by the incoming unit and the responsibilities of the replaced elements for the mission and the assigned zone of operations are transferred to the incoming unit. (JP 3-07.3) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-90-2, FM 3-96, ATP 3-20.96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.1.
render safe procedures - (DOD) The portion of the explosive ordnance disposal procedures involving the
application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components of unexploded explosive ordnance to prevent an unacceptable detonation. (JP 3-42) Referenced in ATP 4-32.2.
reorganization - All measures taken by the commander to maintain unit combat effectiveness or return it to a
specified level of combat capability. (FM 3-90-1)
repatriation - (DOD) 2. The release and return of enemy prisoners of war to their own country in accordance
with the 1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. (JP 1-0) Referenced in FM 6-27, ATP 3-07.31.
reprisal - Acts that are otherwise not permitted by law of armed conflict in order to persuade a party to the
conflict to cease violating law of armed conflict. (FM 6-27)
request for information - (DOD) 1. Any specific time-sensitive ad hoc requirement for intelligence
information or products to support an ongoing crisis or operation not necessarily related to standing requirements or scheduled intelligence production. Also called RFI. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-09.42.
required supply rate - The amount of ammunition expressed in terms of rounds per weapon per day for
ammunition items fired by weapons, in terms of other units of measure per day for bulk allotment, and other items estimated to be required to sustain operations of any designated force without restriction for a specified period. (ATP 3-09.23)
requirements development - (DOD) The process of defining specific contract support requirements and
capturing these requirements in procurement-ready contract support requirements packages. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
requiring activity - (DOD) A military or other designated supported organization that identifies the need for
contracted support during military operations. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
rerailer - Cast iron devices used in simple derailments to retrack cars and locomotives. (ATP 4-14) rescue combat air patrol - (DOD) An aircraft patrol provided over that portion of an objective area in which
recovery operations are being conducted for the purpose of intercepting and destroying hostile aircraft. Also called RESCAP. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
rescue coordination center - (DOD) A unit, recognized by International Civil Aviation Organization,
International Maritime Organization, or other cognizant international body, responsible for promoting efficient organization of search and rescue services and coordinating the conduct of search and rescue operations within a search and rescue region. Also called RCC. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
reserve - (Army) That portion of a body of troops that is withheld from action at the beginning of an
engagement to be available for a decisive movement. (ADP 3-90)
reserved obstacle - (Army/Marine Corps) Obstacles of any type, for which the commander restricts execution
authority. (ATP 3-90.8)
resistance area command - The largest territorial resistance organization commanded by a senior resistance
leader inside a defined resistance area of operations. (ATP 3-18.1)
resistance movement - (DOD) An organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a country to
resist the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.2.
resistance partner - A partner conducting resistance with whom the United States Government mutually
establishes agreements to cooperate for some specified time in pursuit of mutually supporting specific objectives. A resistance partner is influenced; he is not an employee or subordinate to be commanded and controlled. (ATP 3-18.1)
resource management operations - The execution of the resource management mission includes analyze
resource requirements, ensure commanders are aware of existing resource implications in order for them to make resource informed decisions, and then obtain the necessary funding that allows the commander to accomplish the overall unit mission. (FM 1-06)
responsiveness - The ability to react to changing requirements and respond to meet the needs to maintain
support. (ADP 4-0)
restricted operations zone - (DOD) Airspace reserved for specific activities in which the operations of one or
more airspace users is restricted. Also called ROZ. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
restricted target - (DOD) A valid target that has specific restrictions placed on the actions authorized against it
due to operational considerations. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42.
restricted target list - (DOD) A list of restricted targets nominated by elements of the joint force and approved
by the joint force commander or directed by higher authorities. Also called RTL. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42.
restrictive fire area - (DOD) A location in which specific restrictions are imposed and into which fires that
exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the establishing headquarters.
Also called RFA. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-21.90.
restrictive fire line - (DOD) A specific boundary established between converging, friendly surface forces that
prohibits fires or their effects from crossing. Also called RFL. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 3-96, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-21.10.
resuscitative care - Advanced trauma management care and surgery limited to the minimum required to
stabilize a patient for transportation to a higher role of care. (FM 4-02)
retain - A tactical mission task in which the commander ensures that a terrain feature controlled by a friendly
force remains free of enemy occupation or use. (FM 3-90-1) See also **tactical mission task**.
retained personnel - (DOD) Detainees who fall into one of the following categories: a. Designated enemy
medical personnel and medical staff administrators who are exclusively engaged in either the search for, collection, transport, or treatment of the wounded or sick, or the prevention of disease; b. Staff of National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and that of other volunteer aid societies, duly recognized and
authorized by their governments to assist medical service personnel of their own armed forces, provided
they are exclusively engaged in the search for, or the collection, transport or treatment of wounded or sick, or in the prevention of disease, and provided that the staff of such societies are subject to military laws and
regulations; c. Chaplains attached to enemy armed forces. Also called RP. (JP 3-63) Referenced in FM 6-27
retirement - When a force out of contact moves away from the enemy. (ADP 3-90) retrograde - (DOD) The process for the movement of non-unit equipment and materiel from a forward
location to a reset (replenishment, repair, or recapitalization) program or to another directed area of operations to replenish unit stocks, or to satisfy stock requirements. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 4-48, ATP 3-90.98. (Army) A type of defensive operation that involves organized movement away from the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
retrograde movement - Any movement of a command to the rear, or away from the enemy. It may be focused
by the enemy or may be made voluntarily. Such movements may be classified as a withdrawal, retirement, or delaying action. (FM 3-90-1)
retrograde of material - An Army logistics function of returning materiel from the owning or using unit back
through the distribution system to the source of supply, directed ship to location, or point of disposal. (ATP 4-0.1)
return to duty - A patient disposition which, after medical evaluation and treatment when necessary, returns a
Soldier for duty in his unit. (FM 4-02)
riot control agent - (DOD) Any chemical, not listed in a schedule of the Convention on the Prohibition of the
Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction that can produce rapidly in humans sensory irritation or disabling physical effects that disappear within a short time following termination of exposure. Also called RCA. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-22.40, ATP 4-02.85.
risk assessment - (DOD) The identification and assessment of hazards (first two steps of risk management
process). Also called RA. (JP 3-26) Referenced in ATP 3-20.15, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 5-19, ATP 6-02.2.
risk management - (DOD) The process to identify, assess, and control risks and make decisions that balance
risk cost with mission benefits. Also called RM. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-37, ADP 5-0, FM 2-0, FM 3-57, FM 3-96, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-01.1.
role - The broad and enduring purpose for which the organization or branch was established. (ADP 1-01)
route - The prescribed course to be traveled from a specific point of origin to a specific destination.
(FM 3-90-1)
route reconnaissance - A type of reconnaissance operation to obtain detailed information of a specified route
and all terrain from which the enemy could influence movement along that route. (ADP 3-90)
rolling resistance - The force components acting on a train in a direction parallel with the track, which tend to
hold or retard the train's movement. Also called RR. (ATP 4-14)
rule of law - A principle under which all persons, institutions, and entities, public and private, including the
state itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced, and independently adjudicated, and that are consistent with international human rights principles. (FM 3-07)
rules of engagement - (DOD) Directives issued by competent military authority that delineate the
circumstances and limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/or continue combat engagement with other forces encountered. Also called ROE. (JP 3-84) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-90, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.8, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-22.40, ATP 3-27.3, ATP3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-01.45.
running estimate - The continuous assessment of the current situation used to determine if the current
operation is proceeding according to the commander's intent and if planned future operations are
supportable. (ADP 5-0)
running track - Tracks that extend the entire length of the yard and provide a route of travel to any point in the
yard independent of the switching leads and classification tracks. (ATP 4-14)
ruse - (DOD) In military deception, an action designed to deceive the adversary, usually involving the
deliberate exposure of false information to the adversary's intelligence collection system. (JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-13.4, FM 6-0.

## S

safe area - (Army) A designated area in hostile or denied territory that offers a reasonable chance for a
resistance organization to conduct clandestine activities without compromise. (ATP 3-18.1)
safe-conduct pass - A document issued by a commander of belligerent forces, but to persons residing or
traveling outside territory occupied by such forces, to enter and remain within or pass through areas
occupied by such forces. (FM 6-27)
safety factor - The ratio of the strength of the rope to the working load. (ATP 4-14) scheduled target - (DOD) Planned target upon which fires or other actions are scheduled for prosecution at a
specified time. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-21.90.
scheme of fires - The detailed, logical sequence of targets and fire support events to find and engage targets to
accomplish the supported commander's intent. (FM 3-09)
science of tactics The understanding of those military aspects of tacticscapabilities, techniques and
proceduresthat can be measured and codified. (ADP 3-90)
scientific and technical intelligence - (DOD) The product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis,
and interpretation of foreign scientific and technical information that covers: a. foreign developments in basic and applied research and in applied engineering techniques; and b. scientific and technical characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of all foreign military systems, weapons, weapon systems, and materiel; the research and development related thereto; and the production methods employed for their manufacture. Also called S&TI. (JP 2-01) Referenced in FM 2-0, ATP 2-22.4.
screen - A type of security operation that primarily provides early warning to the protected force. (ADP 3-90). seaport - (DOD) A land facility designated for reception of personnel or materiel moved by sea, and that serves
as an authorized port of entrance into or departure from the country in which located. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-13.
search - (DOD) A systematic reconnaissance of a defined area, so that all parts of the area have passed within
visibility. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-50.10.
search and attack - A technique for conducting a movement to contact that shares many of the characteristics
of an area security mission. (FM 3-90-1)
search and rescue - (DOD) The use of aircraft, surface craft, submarines, and specialized rescue teams and
equipment to search for and rescue distressed persons on land or at sea in a permissive environment. Also called SAR. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
search and rescue numerical encryption grid - (DOD) A predesignated ten-letter word without repeated
letters used exclusively by recovery forces or isolated personnel to encrypt numerical data such as position,
time, and/or headings in a covert manner. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.3, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.22.
search and rescue point - (DOD) A predesignated specific location, relative to which isolated personnel
provide their position to recovery forces. Also called SARDOT. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.3, ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.22.
section - A tactical unit of the Army and Marine Corps smaller than a platoon and larger than a squad.
(ADP 3-90)
sector air defense commander - (DOD) Commander, subordinate to an area/regional air defense commander,
who is responsible for air and missile defenses in the assigned sector, and exercises authorities delegated by the area/regional air defense commander. Also called SADC. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5.
sector of fire - That area assigned to a unit, crew-served weapon, or an individual weapon within which it will
engage targets as they appear in accordance with established engagement priorities. (FM 3-90-1)
secure - A tactical mission task that involves preventing a unit, facility, or geographical location from being
damaged or destroyed as a result of enemy action. (FM 3-90-1) See also assault, breach, **denial measure**, destroy, reduce, suppress, **tactical mission task**.
security - (DOD) Measures taken by a military unit, activity, or installation to protect itself against all acts
designed to, or which may, impair its effectiveness. (JP 3-10) Referenced in ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
security area - That area that occupied by a unit's security elements and includes the areas of influence of
those security elements. (ADP 3-90)
security assistance - (DOD) Group of programs authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as
amended; the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended; or other related statutes by which the United States provides defense articles, military training, and other defense-related services by grant, lease, loan, credit, or cash sales in furtherance of national policies and objectives, and those that are funded and authorized through the Department of State to be administered by Department of Defense/Defense Security Cooperation Agency are considered part of security cooperation. Also called SA. (JP 3-22) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-57.30, ATP 3-57.80, ATP 3-96.1.
security cooperation - (DOD) All Department of Defense interactions with foreign security establishments to
build security relationships that promote specific United States security interests, develop allied and partner nation military and security capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations, and provide United States forces with peacetime and contingency access to allied and partner nations. Also called SC. (JP 3-22) Referenced in ADP 1, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-07, ADP 3-37, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-93, ATP 3-96.1.
security cooperation organization - (DOD) A Department of Defense element that is part of the United States
diplomatic mission located in a foreign country to carry out security assistance and cooperation management functions under the supervision and coordination authority of the senior defense official/defense attach. Also called SCO. (JP 3-22) Referenced in ATP 3-05.2.
security force assistance - (DOD) The Department of Defense activities that support the development of the
capacity and capability of foreign security forces and their supporting institutions. Also called SFA. (JP 3-22) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-05, ADP 3-07, FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.10, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-93, ATP 3-96.1. (Army) The unified action to generate, employ, and sustain local, host nation, or regional security forces in support of legitimate authority. (FM 3-07)
security forces - (DOD) Duly constituted military, paramilitary, police, and constabulary forces of a state.
(JP 3-22) Referenced in FM 3-0, ATP 3-05.2.
security operations - Those operations performed by commanders to provide early and accurate warning of
enemy operations, to provide the forces being protected with time and maneuver space within which to react to the enemy, and to develop the situation to allow commanders to effectively use their protected forces. (ADP 3-90)
security sector reform - (DOD) A comprehensive set of programs and activities undertaken by a host nation to
improve the way it provides safety, security, and justice. Also called SSR. (JP 3-07) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-96, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
seize - (Army) A tactical mission task that involves taking possession of a designated area using overwhelming
force. (FM 3-90-1)
self-defense obscuration - Obscuration employed to protect United States forces at the vehicle level.
Self-defense obscuration is used to defeat or degrade adversary area of operations weapon system guidance links. (ATP 3-11.50)
self-development training domain - Planned, goal-oriented learning that reinforces and expands the depth and
breadth of an individual's knowledge base, self-awareness, and situational awareness; complements institutional and operational learning; enhances professional competence; and meets personal objectives. (ADP 7-0)
self-recovery - Actions required for an aircraft to fly out under its own power to either rejoin the mission or to
a maintenance area for additional repairs or inspections. (ATP 3-04.13)
senior airfield authority - (DOD) An individual designated by the joint force commander to be responsible for
the control, operation, and maintenance of an airfield, to include the runways, associated taxiways, parking ramps, land, and facilities whose proximity directly affects airfield operations. Also called SAA. (JP 3-36) Referenced in ATP 3-17.2.
sensitive site - (DOD) A geographically limited area that contains, but is not limited to, adversary information
systems, war crimes sites, critical government facilities, and areas suspected of containing high-value targets. (JP 3-31) Referenced in ATP 3-90.15.
sensitive-site assessment - Determination of whether threats or hazards associated with a sensitive site warrant
exploitation. Also called SSA. (ATP 3-11.23)
sequel - (DOD) The subsequent operation or phase based on the possible outcomes of the current operation or
phase. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-07, FM 6-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 3-01.16.
sequential relief in place - Occurs when each element within the relieved unit is relieved in succession, from
right to left or left to right, depending on how it is deployed. (ADP 3-90)
Service doctrine - Those publications approved by a single Service for use within that Service. (ADP 1-01) shadow government - Governmental elements and activities performed by the irregular organization that will
eventually take the place of the existing government. Members of the shadow government can be in any element of the irregular organization (underground, auxiliary, or guerrilla force). (ATP 3-05.1)
shaping operation - An operation at any echelon that creates and preserves conditions for success of the
decisive operation through effects on the enemy, other actors, and the terrain. (ADP 3-0)
sheaf - The lateral distribution of the bursts of two or more pieces fired together. (ATP 3-09.50) short ton - Equivalent of 2,000 pounds (0.907 metric ton) of weight. (ATP 4-35) shuttle - A single transport mission completed in repeated trips by the same vehicles between two points.
(ATP 4-11)
signal operating instructions - (DOD) A series of orders issued for technical control and coordination of the
signal communication activities of a command. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 6-02.53.
signals intelligence - (DOD) 1. A category of intelligence comprising either individually or in combination all
communications intelligence, electronic intelligence, and foreign instrumentation signals intelligence, however transmitted. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 2-0, FM 3-16. 2. Intelligence derived from communications, electronic, and foreign instrumentation signals. Also called SIGINT. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, FM 2-0, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 3-96.1.
simplicity - Relates to processes and procedures to minimize the complexity of sustainment. (ADP 4-0) simultaneity - The execution of related and mutually supporting tasks at the same time across multiple
locations and domains. (ADP 3-0)
simultaneous relief in place - Occurs when all elements are relieved at the same time. (ADP 3-90) single envelopment - A form of maneuver that results from maneuvering around one assailable flank of a
designated enemy force. (FM 3-90-1)
single port manager - (DOD) The transportation component, designated by the Department of Defense
through the United States Transportation Command, responsible for management of all common-user aerial and seaports worldwide. Also called SPM. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in ATP 4-13.
site characterization - A complete description and inventory of all personnel, equipment, material, and
information discovered during exploitation. (ATP 3-11.23)
site exploitation - (DOD) A series of activities to recognize, collect, process, preserve, and analyze
information, personnel, and/or materiel found during the conduct of operations. Also called SE. (JP 3-31)
Referenced in FM 2-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-98, ATP 3-60. (Army) The synchronized and integrated application
of scientific and technological capabilities and enablers to answer information requirements, facilitate subsequent operations, and support host-nation rule of law. (ATP 3-90.15)
situational obstacle - An obstacle that a unit plans and possibly prepares prior to starting an operation, but
does not execute unless specific criteria are met. (ATP 3-90.8)
situational understanding - The product of applying analysis and judgment to relevant information to
determine the relationship among the operational and mission variables. (ADP 6-0)
situation report - (DOD) A report giving the situation in the area of a reporting unit or formation. Also called
SITREP. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10.
situation template - (DOD) A depiction of assumed adversary dispositions, based on that adversary's preferred
method of operations and the impact of the operational environment if the adversary should adopt a particular course of action. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-90.98.
sociocultural factors - (DOD) The social, cultural, and behavioral factors characterizing the relationships and
activities of the population of a specific region or operational environment. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 2-01.3.
Soldier and leader engagement - Interpersonal interactions by Soldiers and leaders with audiences in an area
of operations. (FM 3-13)
space asset - (DOD Equipment that is an individual part of a space system, which is or can be placed in space
or directly supports space activity terrestriall. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space capability - (DOD) 1. The ability of a space asset to accomplish a mission. 2. The ability of a
terrestrial-based asset to accomplish a mission in or through space. See also **space asset**. (JP 3-14)
Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space control - (DOD) Operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the United States and its allies and
deny an adversary freedom of action in space. See also combat service support; combat support; negation.
(JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14.
space coordinating authority - (DOD) The responsibility to plan, integrate, and coordinate space operations.
Also called SCA. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3, ATP 3-52.2.
space domain - (DOD) The area above the altitude where atmospheric effects on airborne objects become
negligible. (JP 3-14) Referenced in ADP 3-19, FM 3-14, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-90.98.
space environment - (DOD) The environment corresponding to the space domain, where electromagnetic
radiation, charged particles, and electric and magnetic fields are the dominant physical influences, and that encompasses the Earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere, interplanetary space, and the solar atmosphere. (JP 3-59) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-14.3.
space forces - (DOD) The space and terrestrial systems, equipment, facilities, organizations, and personnel, or
combination thereof, necessary to conduct space operations. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space joint operating area - (DOD) operational area, bounded by the space domain, assigned to Commander,
United States Strategic Command, in which space operations are conducted. Also called SJOA. (JP 3-14)
Referenced in FM 3-14.
space situational awareness - (DOD) The requisite foundational, current, and predictive knowledge and
characterization of space objects and the operational environment upon which space operations depend. Also called SSA. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space superiority - (DOD) The degree of control in space of one force over any others that permits the conduct
of its operations at a given time and place without prohibitive interference from terrestrial or space-based threats. (JP 3-14) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
space weather - (DOD) The conditions and phenomena in space and specifically in the near-Earth environment
that may affect space assets or space operations. (JP 3-59) Referenced in FM 3-14, ATP 2-01.3,
ATP 3-14.3.
special forces - (DOD) United States Army forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct special
operations with an emphasis on unconventional warfare capabilities. Also called SF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-18, ATP 3-75.
special license - A document that allows individuals to take a particular voyage or journey to import or export
particular goods. (FM 6-27)
special operations - (DOD) Operations requiring unique modes of employment, tactical techniques, equipment
and training often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments and characterized by one or more of the following: time sensitive, clandestine, low visibility, conducted with and/or through indigenous forces, requiring regional expertise, and/or a high degree of risk. Also called SO. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-09.13, ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-57.50, ATP 3-57.70, ATP 3-75.
special operations command and control element - (DOD) A special operations element that is the focal
point for the synchronization of special operations forces activities with conventional forces activities. Also called SOCCE. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05.
special operations forces - (DOD) Those Active and Reserve Component forces of the Services designated by
the Secretary of Defense and specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called SOF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-53, FM 6-05, ATP 3-09.13, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-60.2.
special operations joint task force - (DOD) A modular, tailorable, and scalable special operations task force
designed to provide integrated, fully-capable, and enabled joint special operations forces to geographic combatant commanders and joint force commanders. Also called SOJTF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in FM 6-05.
special operations liaison element - (DOD) special operations liaison team provided by the joint force special
operations component commander to coordinate, deconflict, and synchronize special operations air, surface, and subsurface operations with conventional air operations. Also called SOLE. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05.
special operations-peculiar - (DOD) Equipment, material, supplies, and services required for special
operations missions for which there is no Service-common requirement. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-53.
special operations task force - A scalable unit, normally of battalion size, in charge of the special operations
element, organized around the nucleus of special operations forces and support elements. Also called SOTF. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05.
special reconnaissance - (DOD) Reconnaissance and surveillance actions conducted as a special operation in
hostile, denied, or diplomatically and/or politically sensitive environments to collect or verify information of strategic or operational significance, employing military capabilities not normally found in conventional forces. Also called SR. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ADP 3-90, FM 3-0, FM 3-05, FM 3-90-2, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, ATP 3-18.4, ATP 3-20.97, ATP 3-20.98, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
special tactics team - (DOD) An Air Force task-organized element of special tactics that may include combat
control, pararescue, tactical air control party, and special operations weather personnel. Also called STT. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ATP 3-18.11.
special warfare - The execution of capabilities that involve a combination of lethal and nonlethal actions taken
by a specially trained and educated force that has a deep understanding of cultures and foreign language, proficiency in small-unit tactics, and the ability to build and fight alongside indigenous combat formations in a permissive, uncertain, or hostile environment. (ADP 3-05)
specified task - (Army) A task specifically assigned to a unit by its higher headquarters. (FM 6-0)

spectrum management operations - The interrelated functions of spectrum management, frequency
assignment, host nation coordination, and policy that together enable the planning, management, and execution of operations within the electromagnetic operational environment during all phases of military
operations. Also called SMO. (FM 6-02)
spoiling attack - A tactical maneuver employed to seriously impair a hostile attack while the enemy is in the
process of forming or assembling for an attack. (FM 3-90-1)
spoke - (DOD) The portion of the hub and spoke distribution system that refers to transportation mode
operators responsible for scheduled delivery to a customer of the "hub." (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
(Army) A portion of the distribution system that refers to the transportation mode operator's responsibility
for scheduled delivery to a receiving unit. (ATP 4-11)
spot report - (DOD) A concise narrative report of essential information covering events or conditions that may
have an immediate and significant effect on current planning and operations that is afforded the most
expeditious means of transmission consistent with requisite security. Also called SPOTREP. (*Note.* In
reconnaissance and surveillance usage, spot report is not to be used.) (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 2-22.2-1, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 4-32.2.
squad - A small military unit typically containing two or more fire teams. (ADP 3-90) stability mechanism - The primary method through which friendly forces affect civilians in order to attain
conditions that support establishing a lasting, stable peace. (ADP 3-0)
stability activities - (DOD) Various military missions, tasks, and activities conducted outside the United States
in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment and provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-07.31.
stability operation - An operation conducted outside the United States in coordination with other instruments
of national power to establish or maintain a secure environment and provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief. (ADP 3-0)
stabilization - The process by which underlying tensions that might lead to resurgence in violence and a
breakdown in the law and order are managed and reduced, while efforts are made to support preconditions for successful long-term development. (FM 3-07)
stabilized patient - (1) Patient may require emergency intervention, but not surgery, within the next 24 hours.
The patient's condition is characterized by a secure airway, control or absence of hemorrhage, shock
adequately treated, vital signs stable, and major fractures immobilized. Stabilization is a precondition of extended duration evacuation (up to 24 hours). This includes, but is not limited to: (a) Ventilator. (b) Physiologic monitors. (c) Skull free of air or functioning drains in place. (d) Chest tube functional or x-ray
free of pneumothorax. (e) Oxygen requirement is acceptable. (f) Functioning nasogastric tube or absence of ileus. (g) Bone fixator is acceptable. (h) Plaster bi-valved. (i) Pulses present after vascular repair. Despite these definitive example characteristics, there are patients who do not fit these descriptions, and yet may be considered stabilizedas always, this clinical decision is decided on between the originating and receiving physicians. (2) Patient whose condition may require emergency interventions within the next 24 hours. The
patient's condition is characterized by a minimum of a secured airway, control or absence of hemorrhage,
treated shock, and immobilized fractures. Stabilization is a necessary precondition for further evacuation. (3) A patient whose airway is secured, hemorrhage is controlled, shock is treated, and fractures are immobilized. (FM 4-02)
staff section - A group of staff members by area of expertise under a coordination, special, or personal staff
officer. (FM 6-0)
staggered relief in place - Occurs when a commander relieves each element in a sequence determined by the
tactical situation, not its geographical orientation. (ADP 3-90)
staging - (DOD) Assembling, holding, and organizing arriving personnel, equipment, and sustaining materiel
in preparation for onward movement. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-35, ATP 3-92, ATP 4-13.
staging area - (DOD) 2. Other movements - A general locality established for the concentration of troop units
and transient personnel between movements over the lines of communications. Also called SA. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-35, FM 4-01.
standard bridging - Any bridging constructed using manufactured bridge systems and components that are
designed to be transportable, easily constructed, and reused. (ATP 3-90.4)
standardization - (DOD) The process by which the Department of Defense achieves the closest practicable
cooperation among the Services and Department of Defense agencies for the most efficient use of research, development, and production resources, and agrees to adopt on the broadest possible basis the use of: a. common or compatible operational, administrative, and logistic procedures; b. common or compatible technical procedures and criteria; c. common, compatible, or interchangeable supplies, components, weapons, or equipment; and d. common or compatible tactical doctrine with corresponding organizational compatibility. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 3-16, ATP 4-12.
standard **operating procedure** - (DOD) A set of instructions applicable to those features of operations that
lend themselves to a definite or standardized procedure without loss of effectiveness. Also called SOP. (JP 3-31) Referenced in ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-57.60, ATP 3-90.90.
standing rules for the use of force - (DOD) Preapproved directives to guide United States forces on the use of
force during various operations. Also called SRUF. (JP 3-28) Referenced in ATP 3-22.40.
start point - A location on a route where the march elements fall under the control of a designated march
commander. Also called SP. (FM 3-90-2)
starting tractive effort - The power exerted by a locomotive to move itself and its load from a dead stop. Also
called STE. (ATP 4-14)
status-of-forces agreement - (DOD) A bilateral or multilateral agreement that defines the legal position of a
visiting military force deployed in the territory of a friendly state. Also called SOFA. (JP 3-16) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
stay behind operation - An operation in which the commander leaves a unit in position to conduct a specified
mission while the remainder of the forces withdraw or retire from an area. (FM 3-90-1)
stay-behind resistance operation - An operation in which indigenous authorities leave personnel and
resources in position before, during, and after a foreign occupation to conduct anticipated resistance activities against the occupying power. (ATP 3-18.1)
stay-behind unconventional warfare - Unconventional warfare operations and activities conducted by a
sponsoring government in support of indigenous authorities' stay-behind resistance operations. (ATP 3-18.1)
strategic level of warfare - (DOD) The level of warfare at which a nation, often as a member of a group of
nations, determines national or multinational (alliance or coalition) strategic security objectives and guidance, then develops and uses national resources to achieve those objectives. (JP 3-0) Referenced in
ADP 5-0, ATP 2-33.4.
strike - (DOD) An attack to damage or destroy an objective or a capability. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-09,
FM 3-24, ATP 3-09.42.
strike coordination and reconnaissance - A mission flown for the purpose of detecting targets and
coordinating or performing attack or reconnaissance on those targets. Also called SCAR. (JP 3-03) Referenced in ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-91.1.
striking force - A dedicated counterattack force in a mobile defense constituted with the bulk of available
combat power. (ADP 3-90)
strong point - A heavily fortified battle position tied to a natural or reinforcing obstacle to create an anchor for
the defense or to deny the enemy decisive or key terrain. (ADP 3-90)
subsequent position - A position that a unit expects to move to during the course of battle. (ADP 3-90)
subversion - (DOD) Actions designed to undermine the military, economic, psychological, or political strength
or morale of a governing authority. (JP 3-24) Referenced in ADP 3-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-18.1.
subversive political action - A planned series of activities designed to accomplish political objectives by
influencing, dominating, or displacing individuals or groups who are so placed as to affect the decisions
and actions of another government. (ATP 3-18.1)
supplementary position - A defensive position located within a unit's assigned area of operations that
provides the best sectors of fire and defensive terrain along an avenue of approach that is not the primary avenue where the enemy is expected to attack. (ADP 3-90)
supply - (DOD) The procurement, distribution, maintenance while in storage, and salvage of supplies,
including the determination of kind and quantity of supplies. a. producer phase--That phase of military supply that extends from determination of procurement schedules to acceptance of finished supplies by the Services. b. consumer phase--That phase of military supply that extends from receipt of finished supplies by the Services through issue for use or consumption. (JP 4-0) Referenced in ATP 3-04.7, ATP 4-48. (Army) The process of providing all items necessary to equip, maintain, and operate a military command.
(FM 1-02.1) See also **classes of supply**.
supply chain - (DOD) The linked activities associated with providing materiel from a raw materiel stage to an
end user as a finished product. See also supply; supply chain risk management. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 4-0.1.
supply support activity - (DOD) Activities assigned a Department of Defense activity address code and that
have a supply support mission. Also called SSA. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ATP 3-04.7.
support - (DOD) 1. The action of a force that aids, protects, complements, or sustains another force in
accordance with a directive requiring such action. Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 6-05. 2. A unit that helps another unit in battle. 3. An element of a command that assists, protects, or supplies other forces in combat. See also close support; direct support; general support; inter-Service support; mutual support. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 6-05.
support area - The portion of the commander's area of operations that is designated to facilitate the
positioning, employment, and protection of base sustainment assets required to sustain, enable, and control operations. (ADP 3-0)
support bridging - Bridges used to establish semipermanent or permanent support to planned movements and
road networks. (ATP 3-90.4)
support by fire - A tactical mission task in which a maneuver force moves to a position where it can engage
the enemy by direct fire in support of another maneuvering force. (FM 3-90-1) See also **attack by fire**, overwatch, **tactical mission task**.
support by fire position - The general position from which a unit performs the tactical mission task of support
by fire. (ADP 3-90)
support operations - The staff function of planning, coordinating, and synchronizing sustainment in support of
units conducting decisive action in an area of operations. (ATP 4-93)
support to civil administration - Assistance given by U.S. armed forces to stabilize or enhance the operations
of the governing body of a foreign country, by assisting an established or interim government. Also called SCA. (FM 3-57)
support to resistance - A United States Government policy option to support foreign resistance actors that
offers an alternative to a direct U.S. military intervention or formal political engagement in a conflict. Also called STR. (ATP 3-18.1)
supported commander - (DOD) In the context of joint planning, the commander who prepares operation plans
or operation orders in response to requirements of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 6-05, ATP 3-60.2.
supported unit - (DOD) As related to contracted support, an organization that is the recipient, but not
necessarily the requester, of contracted support. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
supporting arms coordination center - (DOD) A single location on board an amphibious warfare ship in
which all communication facilities incident to the coordination of fire support of the artillery, air, and naval
gunfire are centralized. Also called SACC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-60.2.
supporting commander - (DOD) 1. A commander who provides augmentation forces or other support to a
supported commander or who develops a supporting plan. 2. In the context of a support command relationship, the commander who aids, protects, complements, or sustains another commander's force and who is responsible for providing the assistance required by the supported commander. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 6-05.
supporting distance - The distance between two units that can be traveled in time for one to come to the aid of
the other and prevent its defeat by an enemy or ensure it regains control of a civil situation. (ADP 3-0) See
also **supporting range**.
supporting effort - A designated subordinate unit with a mission that supports the success of the main effort.
(ADP 3-0)
supporting plan - (DOD) An operation plan prepared by a supporting commander, a subordinate commander,
or an agency to satisfy the requests or requirements of the supported commander's plan. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0, ATP 3-57.60.
supporting range - The distance one unit may be geographically separated from a second unit yet remain
within the maximum range of the second unit's weapons systems. (ADP 3-0) See also **supporting** distance.
suppress - A tactical mission task that results in temporary degradation of the performance of a force or
weapons system below the level needed to accomplish the mission. (FM 3-90-1) See also tactical mission task.
suppression - (DOD) Temporary or transient degradation by an opposing force of the performance of a
weapons system below the level needed to fulfill its mission objectives. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20. (Army) In the context of the computed effects of field artillery fires, renders a target ineffective for a short period of time producing at least 3-percent casualties or materiel damage. (FM 3-09)
suppression of enemy air defenses - (DOD) Activity that neutralizes, destroys, or temporarily degrades
surface-based enemy air defenses by destructive and/or disruptive means. Also called SEAD. (JP 3-01) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-55.6.
suppressive fire - Fires on or about a weapons system to degrade its performance below the level needed to
fulfill its mission objectives during the conduct of the fires. (FM 3-09)
surgical strike - The execution of capabilities in a precise manner that employ special operations forces in
hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover, or damage designated targets, or influence threats. (ADP 3-05)
surrogate - Someone who acts on behalf of another. A surrogate is an employee or subordinate that an
employer commands and controls and for whose actions the employer bears some legal and moral responsibility. (ATP 3-18.1)
surveillance - (DOD) The systematic observation of aerospace, cyberspace, surface, or subsurface areas,
places, persons, or things by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 2-0, FM 3-55, FM 3-96, FM 3-99, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.3, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-90.98.
survivability - (DOD) All aspects of protecting personnel, weapons, and supplies while simultaneously
deceiving the enemy. (JP 3-34) Referenced in ADP 4-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 4-0, FM 4-01, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-91. (Army, Marine Corps) A quality or capability of military forces which permits them to avoid or withstand hostile actions or environmental conditions while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission. (ATP 3-37.34)
survivability move - A move that involves rapidly displacing a unit, command post, or facility in response to
direct and indirect fires, the approach of a threat or as a proactive measure based on intelligence, meteorological data, and risk assessment of enemy capabilities and intentions. (ADP 3-90)
survivability operations - (Army, Marine Corps) Those military activities that alter the physical environment
to provide or improve cover, camouflage, and concealment. (ATP 3-37.34)
survival, evasion, resistance, and escape - (DOD) Actions performed by isolated personnel designed to
ensure their health, mobility, safety, and honor in anticipation of or preparation for their return to friendly control. Also called SERE. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-50.20, ATP 3-50.21,
ATP 3-50.22.
suspension of arms - A form of local armistice concluded between commanders of military forces for some
local military purpose, such as to recover and bury the dead, to collect and care for the wounded and sick, to arrange for exchange of prisoners, or to enable a commander to communicate with his or her government
or superior. Also called a suspension of fire. (FM 6-27)
sustaining operation - An operation at any echelon that enables the decisive operation or shaping operations
by generating and maintaining combat power. (ADP 3-0) See also decisive operation, **shaping operation**.
sustainment - (DOD) The provision of logistics and personnel services required to maintain and prolong
operations until successful mission accomplishment. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 4-40, ATP 3-07.31. (Army) The provision of logistics, financial management, personnel services, and health service support necessary to maintain operations until successful mission completion. (ADP 4-0)
sustainment maintenance - Off -system component repair and/or end item repair and return to the supply
system or by exception to the owning unit, performed by national level maintenance providers. (FM 4-30)
sustainment preparation of the operational environment - The analysis to determine infrastructure, physical
environment, and resources in the operational environment that will optimize or adversely impact friendly forces means for supporting and sustaining the commander's operations plan. (ADP 4-0)
sustainment warfighting function - The related tasks and systems that provide support and services to ensure
freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance. (ADP 3-0) See also **warfighting** function.
subballast - Gravel, sand, or cinders used to provide a level surface for the ballast and other track components.
(ATP 4-14)
switch engines - The type of motive power used for receiving cars, classifying, and reassembling them for
delivery or forward movement. (ATP 4-14)
switch stand - The mechanism which controls the operation of the switch and shows its position. (ATP 4-14) switch tie - Specially cut and formed hardwood crossties, designed to support switches, switch stands, and the
moveable rails of a switch. (ATP 4-14)
synchronization - (DOD) 1. The arrangement of military actions in time, space, and purpose to produce
maximum relative combat power at a decisive place and time. (JP 2-0) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, FM 3-09, FM 4-0, FM 6-05, ATP 3-21.90. 2. In the intelligence context, application of intelligence sources and methods in concert with the operation plan to answer intelligence requirements in time to influence the decisions they support. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 3-07, FM 6-05.
system - (DOD) A functionally, physically, and/or behaviorally related group of regularly interacting or
interdependent elements; that group of elements forming a unified whole. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-07.
systems support contract - (DOD) A prearranged contract awarded by a Military Department and the United
States Special Operations Command program management office that provides fielding, technical, and maintenance support for selected military weapon and other systems. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ADP 4-0, ATP 4-10.
T

TABOO frequencies - (DOD) Any friendly frequency of such importance that it must never be deliberately
jammed or interfered with by friendly forces including international distress, safety, and controller frequencies. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 6-02.70.
tacit knowledge - What individuals know; a unique, personal store of knowledge gained from life experiences,
training, and networks of friends, acquaintances, and professional colleagues. (ATP 6-01.1)
tactical air control party - (DOD) A subordinate operational component of a tactical air control system
designed to provide air liaison to land forces and for the control of aircraft. Also called TACP. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 6-05, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-52.2.
tactical air coordinator (airborne) - (DOD) An aircrew member who coordinates, from an aircraft, the
actions of other aircraft engaged in air support of ground or sea forces. Also called TAC(A). (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42.
tactical assembly area - (DOD) An area that is generally out of the reach of light artillery and the location
where units make final preparations (pre-combat checks and inspections) and rest, prior to moving to the line of departure. Also called TAA. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-35.
tactical bridging - Bridges employed under the threat of direct or indirect fire for the immediate mobility
support of combat maneuver forces in close combat and are intended to be used multiple times for short periods. (ATP 3-90.4)
tactical combat force - (DOD) A rapidly deployable, air-ground, mobile combat unit with appropriate combat
support and combat service support assets assigned to, and capable of, defeating Level III threats, including combined arms. Also called TCF. (JP 3-10) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50, ATP 3-90.20, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-91.
tactical command post - A facility containing a tailored portion of a unit headquarters designed to control
portions of an operation for a limited time. (FM 6-0)
tactical control - (DOD) The authority over forces that is limited to the detailed direction and control of
movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned. Also called TACON. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 6-0, FM 6-05, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-53.1.
tactical data link - (DOD) A Joint Staff-approved, standardized communication link used for the transmission
of digital information via a single or multiple network architecture and multiple communication media for exchange of tactical information. Also called TDL. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 3-01.85.
tactical deception - An activity planned and executed by, and in support of, tactical-level commanders to cause
enemy decision makers to take actions or inactions prejudicial to themselves and favorable to the achievement of tactical commanders' objectives. (FM 3-13.4)
tactical level of warfare - (DOD) The level of warfare at which battles and engagements are planned and
executed to achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 3-90, ADP 5-0, ATP 2-33.4.
tactical mission task - The specific activity performed by a unit while executing a form of tactical operation or
form of maneuver. It may be expressed in terms of either actions by a friendly force or effects on an enemy
force. See also mission statement, **operation order**. (FM 3-90-1)
tactical mobility - The ability of friendly forces to move and maneuver freely on the battlefield relative to the
enemy. (ADP 3-90)
tactical questioning - (DOD) The field-expedient initial questioning for information of immediate tactical
value of a captured or detained person at or near the point of capture and before the individual is placed in a detention facility. Also called TQ. (JP 3-63) Referenced in ATP 3-55.4.
tactical road march - A rapid movement used to relocate units within an area of operations to prepare for
combat operations. (ADP 3-90) See also **area of operations**.
tactics - (DOD) The employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other.
(CJCSM 5120.01) Referenced in ADP 1-01, FM 3-09, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20. (Army) The employment, ordered arrangement, and directed actions of forces in relation to each other. (ADP 3-90)
tailgate medical support - An economy of force device employed primarily to retain maximum mobility
during movement halts or to avoid the time and effort required to set up a formal, operational treatment
facility (for example, during rapid advance and retrograde operations). (FM 4-02)
target - (DOD) An entity or object that performs a function for the threat considered for possible engagement
or other action. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 6-27, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.90.
target acquisition - (DOD) The detection, identification, and location of a target in sufficient detail to permit
the effective employment of capabilities that create the required effects. Also called TA. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.12, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.6.
target analysis - (DOD) An examination of potential targets to determine military importance, priority of
engagement, and capabilities required to create a desired effect. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-55.6.
target area of interest - (DOD) The geographical area where high-value targets can be acquired and engaged
by friendly forces. Also called TAI. (JP 2-01.3) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-01.16, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2. See
also high-payoff target, high-value target.
target audience - (DOD) An individual or group selected for influence. Also called TA (JP 3-13) Referenced
in FM 3-24, FM 3-53, ATP 3-53.2.
target development - (DOD) The systematic examination of potential target systems--and their components,
individual targets, and even elements of targets--to determine the necessary type and duration of the action that must be exerted on each target to create an effect that is consistent with the commander's specific objectives. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-94.2.
target identification - The accurate and timely characterization of a detected object on the battlefield as friend,
neutral, or enemy. (ATP 3-21.20)
targeting - (DOD) The process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response to
them, considering operational requirements and capabilities. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 5-0, FM 3-09, FM 3-16, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 6-27, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-22.4, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-04.1, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-12.3, ATP 3-13.1, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-90.98, ATP 3-92, ATP 3-94.2, ATP 3-96.1.
target intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence that portrays and locates the components of a target or target complex
and indicates its vulnerability and relative importance. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 2-0, ATP 2-19.3.
target location error - (DOD) The difference between the coordinates generated for a target and the actual
location of the target. Also called TLE. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 3-09.42.
target of opportunity - (DOD) 1. A target identified too late, or not selected for action in time, to be included
in deliberate targeting that, when detected or located, meets criteria specific to achieving objectives and is processed using dynamic targeting. Referenced in ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-53.2. 2. A target visible to a surface or air sensor or observer, which is within range of available weapons and against which fire has not been scheduled or requested. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-60.1.
target reference point - (DOD) A predetermined point of reference, normally a permanent structure or terrain
feature that can be used when describing a target location. Also called TRP. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-06.1, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-90.98.
task - (DOD) A clearly defined action or activity specifically assigned to an individual or organization that
must be done as it is imposed by an appropriate authority. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 1-01, FM 3-96, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-93.
task order - (DOD) Order for services placed against an established contract. See also civil augmentation
program. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
task organization - (DOD) An organization that assigns to responsible commanders the means with which to
accomplish their assigned tasks in any planned action. (JP 3-33) Referenced in FM 3-98. (Army) A
temporary grouping of forces designed to accomplish a particular mission. (ADP 5-0)
task-organizing - (Army) The act of designing a force, support staff, or sustainment package of specific size
and composition to meet a unique task or mission. (ADP 3-0)
technical channels - (Army) The chain of authority for ensuring the execution of clearly delineated technical
tasks, functions, and capabilities to meet the dynamic requirements of Department of Defense information network operations. (ATP 6-02.71)
technical effects - One or more capabilities, activities, or programs planned, coordinated, or executed that
utilize classified means to accomplish an objective or enable military operations. (FM 1-02.1) *Note:* Encompasses all capabilities, activities, or programs that, when associated with authorities or specific targets, target audiences, or locations, are classified at a higher level than UNCLASSIFIED. This term enables staffs and commanders to describe single or multiple capabilities, activities, or programs delivering an effect to accomplish an objective in an UNCLASSIFIED or a lower classification venue than required by specific security classification guides. These capabilities, activities, or programs include, but are not limited to: cyber OPE, delayed and non-attribution MISO, deception in support of OPSEC, electronic attack, electronic warfare support, joint MILDEC, offensive counter intelligence operations, offensive
cyberspace operations, offensive space operations, special access programs, and tactical deception.
technical intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence derived from the collection, processing, analysis, and exploitation
of data and information pertaining to foreign equipment and materiel for the purposes of preventing technological surprise, assessing foreign scientific and technical capabilities, and developing countermeasures designed to neutralize an adversary's technological advantages. Also called TECHINT. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 2-0, FM 3-16, ATP 3-21.51, ATP 2-22.4, ATP 3-05.20, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 3-90.1.
techniques - (DOD) Non-prescriptive ways or methods used to perform missions, functions, or tasks.
(CJCSM 5120.01) Referenced in ADP 1-01, ADP 3-0, FM 3-96, ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.50, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.50.
tempo - The relative speed and rhythm of military operations over time with respect to the enemy. (ADP 3-0) tenets of operations - Desirable attributes that should be built into all plans and operations and are directly
related to the Army's operational concept. (ADP 1-01)
terminal - (DOD) A facility designed to transfer cargo from one means of conveyance to another. (JP 4-01.6)
Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-13.
terminal attack control - (DOD) The authority to control the maneuver of and grant weapons release
clearance to attacking aircraft. Also called TAC. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 3-09, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
terminal guidance operations - (DOD) Actions using electronic, mechanical, voice, or visual communications
that provide approaching aircraft and/or weapons additional information regarding a specific target location. Also called TGO. (JP 3-09) Referenced in ATP 3-09.30, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20.
terminal operations - (DOD) The reception, processing, and staging of passengers; the receipt, transit, storage,
and marshalling of cargo; the loading and unloading of modes of transport conveyances; and the manifesting and forwarding of cargo and passengers to destination. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 4-11, ATP 4-13.
terminal phase - (DOD) That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile that begins when the warhead or
payload reenters the atmosphere and ends when the warhead or payload detonates, releases its submunitions, or impacts. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5.
termination criteria - (DOD) The specified standards approved by the President and/or the Secretary of
Defense that must be met before a military operation can be concluded. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 4-93.
terrain analysis - DOD) The collection, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of geographic information on
the natural and man-made features of the terrain, combined with other relevant factors, to predict the effect
of the terrain on military operations. (JP 2-03) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3, ATP 3-13.1. (Army) The study
of the terrain's properties and how they change over time, with use, and under varying weather conditions.
(ATP 3-34.80)
terrain management - The process of allocating terrain by establishing areas of operation, designating
assembly areas, and specifying locations for units and activities to deconflict activities that might interfere with each other. (ADP 3-90)
terrorism - (DOD) The unlawful use of violence or threat of violence, often motivated by religious, political,
or other ideological beliefs, to instill fear and coerce individuals, governments or societies in pursuit of terrorist goals. (JP 3-26) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-57, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 3-07.31, ATP 3-57.80.
theater - (DOD) The geographical area for which a commander of a geographic combatant command has been
assigned responsibility. (JP 1) Referenced in ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-57.20, ATP 3-57.60.
theater closing - The process of redeploying Army forces and equipment from a theater, the drawdown and
removal or disposition of Army non-unit equipment and materiel, and the transition of materiel and facilities back to host nation or civil authorities. (ADP 4-0)
theater container management - The supervision and control of containers as they move through the
distribution system to ensure they are delivered, discharged and returned in accordance to the combatant commander's concept of operations. (ATP 4-12)
theater distribution - (DOD) The flow of personnel, equipment, and materiel within theater to meet the
geographic combatant commander's missions. (JP 4-09) Referenced in ADP 4-0, ATP 4-0.1, ATP 4-48.
theater distribution system - (DOD) The four independent and mutually supported networks within an area of
responsibility to meet the geographic combatant commander's requirements: the physical network, the
financial network, the information network, and the communications network. (JP 4-01) Referenced in FM 4-01.
theater evacuation policy - A command decision indicating the length in days of the maximum period of
noneffectiveness that patients may be held within the command for treatment, and the medical determination of patients that cannot be returned to duty status within the period prescribed requiring evacuation by the first available means, provided the travel involved will not aggravate their disabilities or medical condition. (ATP 4-02.2)
theater of operations - (DOD) An operational area defined by the geographic combatant commander for the
conduct or support of specific military operations. Also called TO. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ATP 3-52.2,
ATP 4-43, ATP 4-93.
theater opening - The ability to establish and operate ports of debarkation (air, sea, and rail), to establish a
distribution system and sustainment bases, and to facilitate throughput for the reception, staging, and onward movement of forces within a theater of operations. (ADP 4-0)
theater special operations command - (DOD) A subordinate unified command established by a combatant
commander to plan, coordinate, conduct, and support joint special operations. Also called TSOC. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-53, ATP 3-05.2.
theater support contract - (DOD) A type of contract awarded by contingency contracting officers in the
operational area serving under the direct contracting authority of the Service component, United States Special Operations Command, or designated joint head of a contracting activity for the operation. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ADP 4-0, ATP 4-10.
theater validation identification - The employment of multiple independent, established protocols and
technologies by scientific experts in the controlled environment of a fixed or mobile/transportable laboratory to characterize a chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear hazard with a high level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary to support operational-level decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
thermal crossover - (DOD) The natural phenomenon that normally occurs twice daily when temperature
conditions are such that there is a loss of contrast between two adjacent objects on infrared imagery . (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in ATP 2-01.3.
thorough decontamination - (DOD) Decontamination carried out by a unit to reduce contamination on
personnel, equipment, materiel, and/or working areas equal to natural background or to the lowest possible
levels, to permit the partial or total removal of individual protective equipment and to maintain operations with minimum degradation. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 4-02.7.
threat - Any combination of actors, entities, or forces that have the capability and intent to harm United States
forces, United States national interests, or the homeland. (ADP 3-0)
threat assessment - (DOD) In antiterrorism, examining the capabilities, intentions, and activities, past and
present, of terrorist organizations, as well as the security environment within which friendly forces operate to determine the level of threat. Also called TA. (JP 3-26) Referenced in FM 3-16.
throughput - (DOD) 1. In transportation, the average quantity of cargo and passengers that can pass through a
port on a daily basis from arrival at the port to loading onto a ship or plane, or from the discharge from a ship or plane to the exit (clearance) from the port complex. (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-01.91, ATP 4-0.1, ATP 4-13, ATP 4-93. 2. In patient movement and care, the maximum number of patients (stable or stabilized) by category, that can be received at the airport, staged, transported, and received at the proper hospital within any 24-hour period. (JP 4-02) Referenced in FM 4-01.
throughput capacity - (DOD) The estimated capacity of a port or an anchorage to clear cargo and/or
passengers in 24 hours usually expressed in tons for cargo, but may be expressed in any agreed upon unit of measurement . (JP 4-01.5) Referenced in FM 4-01.
throughput distribution - A method of distribution which bypasses one or more intermediate supply echelons
in the supply system to avoid multiple handling. (ATP 4-11)
time of attack - The moment the leading elements of the main body cross the line of departure or, in a
limited-visibility attack, the point of departure. (ADP 3-90)
time on target - (DOD) The actual time at which munitions impact the target. Also called TOT. (JP 3-09.3)
Referenced in ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-60.2.
time-phased force and deployment data - (DOD) The time-phased force, non-unit cargo, and personnel data
combined with movement data for the operation plan, operation order, or ongoing rotation of forces. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 4-01.
times - (DOD) The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff coordinates the proposed dates and times with the
commanders of the appropriate unified and specified commands, as well as any recommended changes when specified operations are to occur (C-, D-, M-days end at 2400 hours Universal Time [Zulu time] and are assumed to be 24 hours long for planning). (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 6-0.
time-sensitive target - (DOD) joint force commander-validated target or set of targets requiring immediate
response because it is a highly lucrative, fleeting target of opportunity or it poses (or will soon pose) a danger to friendly forces. Also called TST. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 6-05, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 3-09.42, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1, ATP 3-60.2.
token - An electronic identification method used within a multi-node configured command and control, battle
management, and communications suite to identify the lead server for transmission of track data. The token may be transferred between suites to maintain positive integrity of track data. The suite where the token resides is the only suite that may make changes to the AN/TPY-2 system configuration. The token methodology also applies within a single node command and control, battle management, and communications suite, but the token remains within the single node. (ATP 3-27.5)
toxic industrial biological - (DOD) Any biological material manufactured, used, transported, or stored by
industrial, medical, or commercial processes which could pose an infectious or toxic threat. Also called TIB. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-11.32.
toxic industrial chemical - (DOD) A chemical developed or manufactured for use in industrial operations or
research by industry, government, or academia that poses a hazard. Also called TIC. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-11.32, ATP 4-02.82.
toxic industrial material - (DOD) A generic term for toxic, chemical, biological, or radioactive substances in
solid, liquid, aerosolized, or gaseous form that may be used, or stored for use, for industrial, commercial,
medical, military, or domestic purposes. Also called TIM. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-05.11, ATP 3-11.32, ATP 4-02.7.
toxic industrial radiological - (DOD) Any radiological material manufactured, used, transported, or stored by
industrial, medical, or commercial processes. Also called TIR. (JP 3-11) Referenced in ATP 3-11.32.
track - (DOD) 1. series of related contacts displayed on a data display console or other display device.
(JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5. 2. To display or record the successive positions of a moving object. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-27.5. 3, ATP 3-55.6. 3. To lock onto a point of radiation and obtain guidance therefrom. 4. To keep a gun properly aimed, or to point continuously a target-locating instrument at a moving target. 5. The actual path of an aircraft above or a ship on the surface of the Earth. 6. One of the two endless belts on which a full-track or half-track vehicle runs. 7. A metal part forming a path for a moving object such as the track around the inside of a vehicle for moving a mounted machine gun. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-27.5.
track alignment - The horizontal dimension of a track; for example, curves. (ATP 4-14)

tracking - (DOD) Precise and continuous position-finding of targets by radar, optical, or other means.
(JP 3-07.4) Referenced in ATP 3-04.7.
track profile - The vertical dimensions of the track caused by terrain features such as hills or valleys.
(ATP 4-14)
tractive effort - A measure of the potential power of a locomotive expressed in pounds. (ATP 4-14) traffic control post - A manned post that is used to preclude the interruption of traffic flow or movement along
a designated route. (FM 3-39)
trail party - The last march unit in a march column and normally consists of primarily maintenance elements
in a mounted march. (FM 3-90-2) See also march serial, **march unit**.
train density - The number of trains that may be operated safely over a division in each direction during a
24-hour period. Also called TD. (ATP 4-14)
train dispatcher - Responsible for main-line movement of passenger and freight trains on a division.
(ATP 4-14)
training and evaluation outline - A summary document that provides information on individual or collective
task training objectives, resource requirements, and evaluation procedures. Also called T&EO. (FM 7-0)
training and readiness oversight - (DOD) The authority that combatant commanders may exercise over
assigned Reserve Component forces when not on active duty or when on active duty for training. Also
called TRO. See also combatant commander. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-0. FM 3-14, ATP 3-14.3.
training objective - A statement that describes the desired outcome of a training activity in the unit. (FM 7-0) transitional military authority - A temporary military government exercising the functions of civil
administration in the absence of a legitimate civil authority. (FM 3-07)
transmission security - (DOD) Actions designed to protect communications from interception and exploitation
by means other than cryptoanalysis. Also called TRANSEC. (JP 6-0) Referenced in ATP 6-02.75.
transportation - A logistics function that includes movement control and associated activities to incorporate
military, commercial, and multinational motor, rail, air, and water mode assets in the movement of units, personnel, equipment, and supplies in support the concept of operations. (FM 1-02.1)
transportation component command - (DOD) A major command of its parent Service under United States
Transportation Command, which includes Air Force Air Mobility Command, Navy Military Sealift Command, and Army Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command. Also called TCC. (JP 4-01.6) Referenced in FM 4-01.
transportation feasibility - (DOD) A determination that the available lift capability exists to move forces,
equipment, and supplies from the point of origin to the port of debarkation within the commander's timeline. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
transportation priorities - (DOD) Indicators assigned to eligible traffic that establish its movement
precedence. (JP 4-09) Referenced in FM 4-01.
transportation system - (DOD) All the land, water, and air routes and transportation assets conducting
movement of United States forces and their supplies during military operations. (JP 4-01) Referenced in FM 4-01.
traveling - A movement technique used when speed is necessary and contact with enemy forces is not likely.
(ATP 3-21.20)
traveling overwatch - A movement technique used when contact with enemy forces is possible. The lead
element and trailing element are separated by a short distance which varies with the terrain. The trailing element moves at variable speeds and may pause for short periods to overwatch the lead element. It keys its movement to terrain and the lead element. The trailing element over-watches at such a distance that, should the enemy engage the lead element, it will not prevent the trailing element from firing or moving to support the lead element. (FM 3-90-2)
triage - The medical sorting of patients. The categories are: MINIMAL (OR AMBULATORY) those who
require limited treatment and can be returned to duty; IMMEDIATEpatients requiring immediate care to save life or limb; DELAYEDpatients who, after emergency treatment, incur little additional risk by delay or further treatment; and EXPECTANTpatients so critically injured that only complicated and prolonged treatment will improve life expectancy. (FM 4-02)
trigger line - A phase line located on identifiable terrain that crosses the engagement area that is used to initiate
and mass fires into an engagement area at a predetermined range for all or like weapon systems.
(ATP 3-21.20) See also engagement area, **phase line**.
troop - A company-size unit in a cavalry organization. (ADP 3-90) troop leading procedures - A dynamic process used by small-unit leaders to analyze a mission, develop a
plan, and prepare for an operation. (ADP 5-0)
troop movement - The movement of Soldiers and units from one place to another by any available means.
(ADP 3-90)
turn - 1. A tactical mission task that involves forcing an enemy force from one avenue of approach or mobility
corridor to another. 2. A tactical obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to divert an enemy formation from one avenue of approach to an adjacent avenue of approach or into an engagement
area. (FM 3-90-1) See also avenue of approach, **tactical mission task**.
turning movement - (Army) A form of maneuver in which the attacking force seeks to avoid the enemy's
principle defensive positions by seizing objectives behind the enemy's current positions thereby causing the enemy force to move out of their current positions or divert major forces to meet the threat. (FM 3-90-1)
two-level maintenance - Tiered maintenance system comprised of field and sustainment maintenance.
(FM 4-30)

## U

unanticipated target - (DOD) A target of opportunity that was unknown or not expected to exist in the
operational environment. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-60.1.
unauthorized commitment - (DOD) An agreement that is not binding solely because the United States
Government representative who made it lacked the authority to enter into that agreement on behalf of the United States Government. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.
uncertain environment - (DOD) Operational environment in which host government forces, whether opposed
to or receptive to operations that a unit intends to conduct, do not have totally effective control of the territory and population in the intended operational area. (JP 3-0) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 3-57.10.
uncommitted force - A force that is not in contact with an enemy and is not already deployed on a specific
mission or course of action. (ADP 3-90)
unconventional assisted recovery - (DOD) Nonconventional assisted recovery conducted by special
operations forces. Also called UAR. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-05.1.
unconventional assisted recovery coordination cell - (DOD) A compartmented special operations forces cell,
established to coordinate, synchronize, and deconflict nonconventional assisted recovery operations within the operational area assigned to the joint force commander. Also called UARCC. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-05.1.
unconventional warfare - (DOD) Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to
coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area. Also called UW. (JP 3-05) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-53, FM 3-57, FM 6-05, ATP 3-05.1, ATP 3-18.1, ATP 4-14.
underframe - The structure of a railcar under the deck that supports the weight of the load. (ATP 4-14) underground - A cellular covert element within unconventional warfare that is compartmentalized and
conducts covert or clandestine activities in areas normally denied to the auxiliary and the guerrilla force. (ADP 3-05)
understanding - In the context of decision making, knowledge that has been synthesized and had judgment
applied to comprehend the situation's inner relationships, enable decision making, and drive action. (ADP 6-0)
unexploded explosive ordnance - (DOD) Explosive ordnance that has been primed, fused, armed or otherwise
prepared for action, and that has been fired, dropped, launched, projected, or placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installations, personnel, or material and remains unexploded either by malfunction or design or for any other cause. Also called UXO. (JP 3-42) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31, ATP 4-32, ATP 4-32.2.
unified action - (DOD) The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental
and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 1, ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 3-28, ADP 4-0, ADP 6-0, FM 3-24, FM 3-52, FM 3-96, FM 4-0, ATP 2-01, ATP 2-01.3, ATP 2-19.3, ATP 2-19.4, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-20.98, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-22.6.
unified action partners - Those military forces, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and
elements of the private sector with whom Army forces plan, coordinate, synchronize, and integrate during
the conduct of operations. (ADP 3-0)
unified command - (DOD) A command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander, composed
of significant assigned components of two or more Military Departments that is established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 3-57, ATP 4-43.
Unified Command Plan - (DOD) The document, approved by the President, that sets forth basic guidance to
all combatant commanders; establishes their missions, responsibilities, and force structure; delineates geographical areas of responsibility; and specifies functional responsibilities for designated combatant commanders. Also called UCP. (JP 1) Referenced in FM 3-53, ATP 3-27.5.
unified land operations - The simultaneous execution of offense, defense, stability, and defense support of
civil authorities across multiple domains to shape operational environments, prevent conflict, prevail in large-scale ground combat, and consolidate gains as part of unified action. (ADP 3-0)
unit - (DOD) 1. Any military element whose structure is prescribed by competent authority. (JP 3-33)
Referenced in FM 1-02.2.
unit distribution - A method of distributing supplies by which the receiving unit is issued supplies in its own
area, with transportation furnished by the issuing agency. (FM 4-40)
unit historical officer - An individual, military or civilian, who is designated as the unit historian and is
responsible for military history activities. (ATP 1-20)
unit history - An informal narrative that covers the entire history of a specific unit, written in an easy-to-read
manner for the benefit of the Soldiers. (ATP 1-20)
unit line number - (DOD) A seven-character alphanumeric code that describes a unique increment of a unit
deployment, i.e., advance party, main body, equipment by sea and air, reception team, or trail party, in the time-phased force and deployment data. Also called ULN. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
unit movement data - (DOD) A unit equipment and/or supply listing containing corresponding transportability
data. Also called UMD. (JP 3-35) Referenced in FM 4-01, ATP 3-35.
unity of command - (DOD) The operation of all forces under a single responsible commander who has the
requisite authority to direct and employ those forces in pursuit of a common purpose. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 6-0, FM 3-24.
unity of effort - (DOD) Coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the participants are
not necessarily part of the same command or organization that is the product of successful unified action. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-07, ADP 3-28, ADP 6-0, FM 3-16, FM 3-24, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, FM 4-0, FM 6-05, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-07.6, ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-90.1, ATP 3-90.5, ATP 3-96.1, ATP 6-22.6.
Universal Time - (DOD) A measure of time that conforms, within a close approximation, to the mean diurnal
rotation of the Earth and serves as the basis of civil timekeeping. Also called ZULU time. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 6-02.53.
unmanned aircraft - (DOD) An aircraft that does not carry a human operator and is capable of flight with or
without human remote control. Also called UA. (JP 3-30) Referenced in ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-60.2.
unmanned aircraft system - (DOD) That system whose components include the necessary equipment,
network, and personnel to control an unmanned aircraft. Also called UAS. (JP 3-30) Referenced in FM 3-16, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87, ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-04.64.
unprivileged belligerent - A person who, by engaging in hostilities, has incurred the corresponding liabilities
of combatant status (for example, being subject to attack or detention), but who is not entitled to the distinct privileges of combatant status (for example, combatant immunity and prisoner of war status upon capture).
(FM 6-27)
urban operations - Operations across the range of military operations planned and conducted on, or against
objectives on a topographical complex and its adjacent natural terrain, where man-made construction or the
density of population are the dominant features. (ATP 3-06)
U.S. military prisoner - A person sentenced to confinement or death during a court-martial and ordered into
confinement by a competent authority, whether or not the convening authority has approved the sentence. (FM 3-39)

## V

validate - (DOD) Execution procedure used by combatant command components, supporting combatant
commanders, and providing organizations to confirm to the supported commander and United States Transportation Command that all the information records in a time-phased force and deployment data not only are error-free for automation purposes, but also accurately reflect the current status, attributes, and availability of units and requirements. (JP 5-0) Referenced in FM 4-01.
validation - (DOD) 1. A process associated with the collection and production of intelligence that confirms that
an intelligence collection or production requirement is sufficiently important to justify the dedication of intelligence resources, does not duplicate an existing requirement, and has not been previously satisfied. Referenced in ATP 3-60.1. 2. A part of target development that ensures all candidate targets meet the
objectives and criteria outlined in the commander's guidance and ensures compliance with the law of war
and rules of engagement. Referenced in ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-60.1. 3. In the context of time-phased force and deployment data validation, it is an execution procedure whereby all the information records in the time-phased force and deployment data are confirmed error-free and accurately reflect the current status, attributes, and availability of units and requirements. Referenced in ATP 3-35, ATP 3-60.1. 4. A global force management procedure for assessing combatant command requirements to determine viability, for sourcing, with respect to risk and prioritization between competing needs and the nature of the requirement. (JP 3-35) Referenced in ATP 3-60.1.
vehicle-borne improvised explosive device - (DOD A device placed or fabricated in an improvised manner on
a vehicle incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals and designed to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract. Also called VBIED. (JP 3-10) Referenced in ATP 3-18.14.
vehicle distance - The clearance between vehicles in a column which is measured from the rear of one vehicle
to the front of the following vehicle. (ATP 3-21.20) See also march column, march serial, **march unit**.
verification - (DOD) 1. In arms control, any action, including inspection, detection, and identification, taken to
ascertain compliance with agreed measures. (JP 3-41) Referenced in ATP 3-07.31.
vertical interval - The difference in altitude between the unit or observer and the target or point of burst.
(ATP 3-09.50)
vetting - (DOD) A part of target development that assesses the accuracy of the supporting intelligence to
targeting. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-60.1.
visual information - (DOD) Various visual media with or without sound that generally includes still and
motion photography, audio video recording, graphic arts, and visual presentations. Also called VI. (JP 3-61) Referenced in FM 6-02, ATP 6-02.40.
Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement - (DOD) An agreement that provides the Department of Defense
with assured access to United States flag assets, both vessel capacity and intermodal systems, to meet Department of Defense contingency requirements. Also called VISA. (JP 3-36) Referenced in FM 4-01.
vulnerabilities - Characteristics, motives, or conditions of the target audience that can be used to influence
behavior. (FM 3-53)
vulnerability - (DOD) 2. The characteristics of a system that can cause it to be degraded (incapability to
perform the designated function or mission) as a result of being subjected to a certain level of effects in an unnatural (man-made) hostile environment. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-14.

## W

waiting area - A location on both banks (or sides) that are adjacent to the route or axis used for the
concealment of vehicles, troops, and equipment while an element is waiting to resume movement. (ATP 3-90.4)
warfighting function - A group of tasks and systems united by a common purpose that commanders use to
accomplish missions and training objectives. (ADP 3-0)
warning intelligence - (DOD) Those intelligence activities intended to detect and report time-sensitive
intelligence information on foreign developments that forewarn of hostile actions or intention against United States entities, partners, or interests. (JP 2-0) Referenced in FM 2-0, ATP 2-22.82.
warning order - (DOD) 1. A preliminary notice of an order or action that is to follow. Referenced in FM 6-0,
ATP 3-21.10, ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-57.60. 2. A planning directive that initiates the development and evaluation of military courses of action by a commander. Referenced in ATP 3-21.90, ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-57.60. Also called WARNORD. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 3-53.2, ATP 3-57.60.
wartime reserve modes - (DOD) Characteristics and operating procedures of sensor, communications,
navigation aids, threat recognition, weapons, and countermeasures systems that will contribute to military effectiveness if unknown to, or misunderstood by, opposing commanders before they are used but could be exploited or neutralized if known in advance. Also called WARM. (JP 3-85) Referenced in ATP 3-12.3.
waste discharge - The accidental or intentional spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or
dumping of a hazardous waste into or onto any land or water. (ATP 3-34.5)
weaponeering - (DOD) The process of determining the specific means required to create a desired effect on a
given target. (JP 3-60) Referenced in FM 3-09, FM 6-27, ATP 2-33.4, ATP 3-60, ATP 3-91.1.
weapon engagement zone - (DOD) In air defense, airspace of defined dimensions within which the
responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with a particular weapon system. Also called WEZ. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-06.1.
weapons control status - (DOD) An air and missile defense control measure declared for a particular area and
time by an area air defense commander, or delegated subordinate commander, based on the rules of engagement that establish the conditions under which fighters and surface air defense weapons are permitted to engage threats. Also called WCS. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87.
weapons of mass destruction - (DOD) Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons capable of a
high order of destruction or causing mass casualties and exclude the means of transporting or propelling the weapon where such means is a separable and divisible part from the weapon. Also called WMD. (JP 3-40) Referenced in ADP 3-05, FM 3-05, FM 3-11, FM 3-96, ATP 3-05.2, ATP 4-32, ATP 4-32.2.
weapons technical intelligence - (DOD) A subcategory of technical intelligence derived from the technical
and forensic collection and exploitation of improvised explosive devices, associated components, improvised weapons, and other weapon systems. Also called WTI. (JP 3-15.1) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ATP 2-22.4, ATP 4-32.
wide area security - The application of the elements of combat power in unified action to protect populations,
forces, infrastructure, and activities; to deny the enemy positions of advantage; and to consolidate gains in order to retain the initiative. (ADP 3-0)
withdraw - To disengage from an enemy force and move in a direction away from the enemy. (ADP 3-90) working group - (Army) A grouping of predetermined staff representatives who meet to provide analysis,
coordinate, and provide recommendations for a particular purpose or function. (FM 6-0)
wreck train - A train specially configured and tailored to conduct wreck recovery operations. (ATP 4-14) wythe system - A steam and diesel-electric locomotive classification system that groups wheels and uses
numerals separated by hyphens to represent the number of wheels in each group. (ATP 4-14)

## X

X-hour - The unspecified time that commences unit notification for planning and deployment preparation in
support of potential contingency operations that do not involve rapid, short notice deployment. (FM 3-99)
X-hour sequence - An extended sequence of events initiated by X-hour that allow a unit to focus on planning
for a potential contingency operation, to include preparation for deployment. (FM 3-99).

## Z

zone of fire - (DOD) An area into which a designated ground unit or fire support ship delivers, or is prepared to
deliver, fire support. Also called ZF. (JP 3-09) Referenced in FM 3-09.
zone reconnaissance - A type of reconnaissance operation that involves a directed effort to obtain detailed
information on all routes, obstacles, terrain, and enemy forces within a zone defined by boundaries. (ADP 3-90)

## Chapter 2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, And Country Codes

This chapter presents acronyms, abbreviations, and geographical entity codes.

## Section I - Acronyms And Abbreviations

 This section (on pages 2-1 through 2-23) lists selected Army and joint acronyms and abbreviations commonly used in Army doctrine.

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

A

| A2                    | *antiaccess                                                 |
|-----------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| AA                    | *assembly area                                              |
| , *avenue of approach |                                                             |
| AADC                  | *area air defense commander                                 |
| AADP                  | area air defense plan                                       |
| AAFES                 | Army Air Force Exchange Service                             |
| AAMDC                 | Army Air and Missile Defense Command                        |
| AAP                   | Allied administrative publication                           |
| AAR                   | after action review                                         |
| ABCA                  | American, British, Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand    |
| ABCS                  | Army Battle Command System                                  |
| ABCT                  | armored brigade combat team                                 |
| ABN                   | airborne                                                    |
| AC                    | Active Component                                            |
| ACA                   | *airspace control authority, *airspace coordination area    |
| ACCE                  | *air component coordination element                         |
| ACH                   | advanced combat helmet                                      |
| ACM                   | airspace coordinating measure                               |
| ACP                   | *airspace control plan                                      |
| ACO                   | *administrative contracting officer, airspace control order |
| ACS                   | *airspace control system                                    |
| ACSA                  | acquisition and cross-servicing agreement                   |
| ACT                   | *activity                                                   |
| ACU                   | Army combat uniform                                         |
| AD3E                  | assess, decide, develop and detect, deliver, and evaluate   |
| AD                    | *air defense, *area denial                                  |
| ADA                   | *air defense artillery                                      |
| A/DACG                | arrival/departure airfield control group                    |
| ADAM                  | air defense airspace management                             |
| ADL                   | *available-to-load date                                     |
| ADP                   | Army doctrine publication                                   |
| ADRP                  | Army doctrine reference publication                         |
| ADSI                  | air defense systems integrator                              |
Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.
ADWC
*air defense warning condition
AE
aeromedical evacuation
AEF
American Expeditionary Forces
AEP
allied engineering publication
AFATDS
Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System
AER
Army Emergency Relief
AFB
Air Force base
AFI
Air Force instruction
AFMAN
Air Force Manual
AFO
*advanced force operations
AFSB
Army field support brigade
AFTTP
Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures
AFWA
Air Force Weather Agency
AG
adjutant general
AGL
above ground level
AGM
*attack guidance matrix, air-to-ground missile
AGO
*air-ground operations
AGR
ability group run
AHS
Army Health System
AI
assistant instructor
AIS
automated-information system
AIT
Advance Individual Training, automatic identification technology
AJP
allied joint publication
AKO
Army Knowledge Online
ALE
Army special operations forces liaison element
ALO
*air liaison officer
ALSA
Air Land Sea Application (Center)
ALT
alternate
AM
amplitude modulation
AMC
*airborne mission coordinator, *Air Mobility Command
AMD
air and missile defense
AMDWS
air and missile defense workstation
ANDVT
advanced narrowband digital voice terminal
ANG
Air National Guard
ANGLICO
air-naval gunfire liaison company
ANW2
Adaptive Networking Wideband Waveform
AO
area of operations
AOA
amphibious objective area
AOC
air operations center
AOR
*area of responsibility
AOI
area of interest
APC
armored personnel carrier
APCO
association of public safety communication officials
APEX
*Adaptive Planning and Execution system
APFT
Army Physical Fitness Test
APKWS
advance precision kill weapon system
APOD
aerial port of debarkation

| APOE         | aerial port of embarkation                                                 |
|--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| APORT        | *aerial port                                                               |
| APP          | allied procedural publication                                              |
| APS          | Army pre-positioned stocks                                                 |
| AR           | Army regulation                                                            |
| ARCENT       | United States Army Central Command                                         |
| ARFOR        | (Not used as an acronym in Army doctrine. See term in chapter 1.)          |
| ARFORGEN     | Army force generation                                                      |
| ARM          | *antiradiation missile                                                     |
| ARNG         | Army National Guard                                                        |
| ARNGUS       | Army National Guard of the United States                                   |
| ARRB         | *Army requirements review board                                            |
| ARSOAC       | Army Special Operations Aviation Command                                   |
| ARSOF        | Army special operations forces                                             |
| ARSTRAT      | U.S. Army Forces Strategic Command                                         |
| ASA(ALT)     | Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology |
| ASAS         | All Source Analysis System                                                 |
| ASC          | Army Sustainment Command                                                   |
| ASCC         | *Army Service component command                                            |
| ASCOPE       | areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events         |
| ASD (HD&ASA) | Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense and Americas' Security    |
| Affairs)     |                                                                            |
| ASI          | additional skill identifier                                                |
| ASOC         | *air support operations center                                             |
| ASP          | ammunition supply point                                                    |
| ASR          | *alternate supply route                                                    |
| AT           | *antiterrorism, antitank                                                   |
| ATACMS       | Army Tactical Missile System                                               |
| ATGM         | antitank guided missile                                                    |
| ATHP         | *ammunition transfer holding point                                         |
| ATN          | Army Training Network                                                      |
| ATO          | *air tasking order                                                         |
| ATP          | Army techniques publication                                                |
| ATS          | air traffic service                                                        |
| ATTP         | Army tactics, techniques, and procedures                                   |
| AUTL         | Army Universal Task List                                                   |
| AV           | *asset visibility                                                          |
| AWACS        | Airborne Warning and Control System                                        |
| AWCP         | Army Weight Control Program                                                |
| AWOL         | absent without leave                                                       |
| AXP          | *ambulance exchange point                                                  |

## B

| BAE    | brigade aviation element                  |
|--------|-------------------------------------------|
| BAH    | basic allowance for housing               |
| BAS    | basic allowance for subsistence           |
| BCS3   | Battle Command Sustainment Support System |
| BCD    | *battlefield coordination detachment      |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| BCOC    | *base cluster operations center   |
|---------|-----------------------------------|
| BCT     | *brigade combat team              |
| BDA     | *battle damage assessment         |
| BDOC    | *base defense operations center   |
| BEI     | *biometrics enabled intelligence  |
| BFSB    | battlefield surveillance brigade  |
| BFT     | blue force tracking               |
| BHA     | bomb hit assessment               |
| BHL     | *battle handover line             |
| BHO     | battle handover                   |
| BI      | *battle injury                    |
| BKB     | *blue kill box                    |
| BLOS    | beyond line-of-sight              |
| BM      | *battle management                |
| BMCT    | *begin morning civil twilight     |
| BMNT    | *begin morning nautical twilight  |
| BN      | battalion                         |
| BNML    | battalion military liaison        |
| BP      | battle position                   |
| BSA     | *brigade support area             |
| BSB     | brigade support battalion         |
| BZ      | *buffer zone                      |

## C

| C2                                  | *command and control                                                                      |
|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CA                                  | *civil administration, *civil affairs, *combat assessment, *coordinating altitude         |
| CAAF                                | *contractors authorized to accompany the force                                            |
| CAB                                 | combined arms battalion, combat aviation brigade                                          |
| CAC                                 | Combined Arms Center                                                                      |
| , common access card                |                                                                                           |
| CADD                                | Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate                                                        |
| CAIS                                | *civil authority information support                                                      |
| CAO                                 | casualty assistance officer                                                               |
| , civil affairs operations          |                                                                                           |
| CAISI                               | Combat Service Support Automated Information Systems Interface                            |
| CAL                                 | *critical asset list                                                                      |
| CALL                                | Center for Army Lessons Learned                                                           |
| CAP                                 | *crisis action planning, *civil augmentation program                                      |
| CAPT                                | civil affairs planning team                                                               |
| CARVER                              | criticality, accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability, effect, and recognizability [a |
| target assessment technique]        |                                                                                           |
| CAS                                 | close air support                                                                         |
| CASA                                |                                                                                           |
| *civil affairs supported activities |                                                                                           |
| CASEVAC                             | *casualty evacuation                                                                      |
| CAT                                 | category, civil affairs team                                                              |
| CATS                                | Combined Arms Training Strategy                                                           |
| CBRN                                | chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear                                           |
| CBRNE                               | *chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives                              |
| CCA                                 | *civil affairs activities                                                                 |
| CCD                                 | charged-coupled device                                                                    |

| CCDR                            | combatant commander                                                             |
|---------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CCIR                            | commander's critical information requirement                                    |
| CCMD                            | *combatant command                                                              |
| CCO                             | *container control officer                                                      |
| CCP                             | casualty collection point                                                       |
| CD                              | chaplain detachment                                                             |
| CDC                             | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention                                      |
| CDE                             | collateral damage estimation                                                    |
| CDRUSSOCOM                      | Commander, United States Special Operations Command                             |
| CE                              | *civil engagement                                                               |
| CED                             | captured enemy document                                                         |
| *CEMA                           | cyberspace electromagnetic activities                                           |
| CERFP                           | chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives enhanced |
| response force package          |                                                                                 |
| CERP                            | Commanders' Emergency Response Program                                          |
| CF                              | *conventional forces                                                            |
| CFL                             | *coordinated fire line                                                          |
| CFR                             | Code of Federal Regulations                                                     |
| CFZ                             | critical friendly zone                                                          |
| CGS                             | common ground station                                                           |
| Chem                            | chemical                                                                        |
| CI                              | *counterintelligence                                                            |
| CIA                             | Central Intelligence Agency                                                     |
| CID                             |                                                                                 |
| *combat identification,         |                                                                                 |
| criminal investigation division |                                                                                 |
| CIM                             | *civil information management                                                   |
| CIO                             | chief information officer                                                       |
| CIP                             | *critical infrastructure protection                                             |
| CJA                             | command judge advocate                                                          |
| CJCS                            | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff                                           |
| CJCSI                           | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction                               |
| CJCSM                           | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual                                    |
| CJSOTF                          | combined joint special operations task force                                    |
| CJTF                            | combined joint task force (NATO)                                                |
| CL                              | *coordination level                                                             |
| CLT                             |                                                                                 |
| *civil liaison team,            |                                                                                 |
| casualty liaison team           |                                                                                 |
| CLS                             | combat lifesaver                                                                |
| CM                              |                                                                                 |
| consequence management          |                                                                                 |
| , *cruise missile               |                                                                                 |
|                                 |                                                                                 |
| CMD                             | *command                                                                        |
| CME                             |                                                                                 |
| *civil-military engagement      |                                                                                 |
| CMO                             | civil-military operations                                                       |
| CMOC                            | *civil-military operations center                                               |
| CMSE                            | *civil-military support element                                                 |
| CO                              | commanding officer, cyberspace operations                                       |
| COA                             | *course of action                                                               |
| COCOM                           | *combatant command (command authority)                                          |
| COG                             | *center of gravity                                                              |
| COIC                            | current operations integration cell                                             |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| COIN    | *counterinsurgency                                                      |
|---------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| COLPRO  | *collective protection                                                  |
| COM     | *chief of mission, collection operations management                     |
| COMCAM  | *combat camera                                                          |
| COMINT  | *communications intelligence                                            |
| COMNET  | communications network                                                  |
| COMSEC  | *communications security                                                |
| CONOPS  | concept of operations                                                   |
| CONPLAN | *concept plan                                                           |
| CONUS   | continental United States                                               |
| COOP    | continuity of operations                                                |
| COP     | *common operational picture                                             |
| COR     | *contracting officer representative                                     |
| COS     | chief of staff                                                          |
| COSC    | combat and operational stress control                                   |
| COTS    | commercial off-the-shelf                                                |
| CP      | *checkpoint, *command post, *contact point, *counterproliferation       |
| CR      | *civil reconnaissance, *curve resistance                                |
| CRAF    | *Civil Reserve Air Fleet                                                |
| CRC     | control and reporting center                                            |
| CRSP    | centralized receiving and shipping point                                |
| CREW    | counter radio-controlled improvised explosive device electronic warfare |
| CRM     | collection requirements management                                      |
| CS      | *civil support, *call sign                                              |
| CSAR    | *combat search and rescue                                               |
| CSC     | convoy support center                                                   |
| CSM     | command sergeant major                                                  |
| CSPO    | *contracting support operations                                         |
| CSR     | *controlled supply rate                                                 |
| CSSB    | combat sustainment support battalion                                    |
| CT      | *counterterrorism                                                       |
| CTE     | *continuous tractive effort                                             |
| CTP     | *common tactical picture                                                |
| CWT     | *customer wait time                                                     |
| CUL     | *common user logistics                                                  |
| CULT    | *common-user land transportation                                        |
| CW      | *chemical warfare                                                       |
| CWMD    | *countering weapons of mass destruction                                 |

## D

| D3A    | decide, detect, deliver, and assess                           |
|--------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| D3SOE  | *denied, degraded, or disrupted space operational environment |
| DA     | Department of the Army                                        |
| DAADC  | deputy area air defense commander                             |
| DAFL   | *directive authority for logistics                            |
| DAL    | *defended asset list                                          |
| DA Pam | Department of the Army pamphlet                               |
| DART   | disaster assistance response team                             |

| DASC                                            | *direct air support center                                                       |
|-------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| DATT                                            | defense attache                                                                  |
| DBP                                             | *drawbar pull                                                                    |
| DC                                              | *dislocated civilian                                                             |
| DCA                                             | *defensive counterair                                                            |
| DCE                                             | *defense coordinating element                                                    |
| DCGS                                            | distributed common ground/surface system                                         |
| DCGS-A                                          | Distributed Common Ground SystemArmy                                            |
| DCO                                             | *defensive cyberspace operations, *defense coordinating officer                  |
| DCO-IDM                                         | *defensive cyberspace operations-internal defensive measures                     |
| DCO-RA                                          | *defensive cyberspace operation response action                                  |
| DD                                              | Department of Defense form                                                       |
| DE                                              | *directed energy                                                                 |
| DEERS                                           | Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System                                  |
| DEPMEDS                                         | deployable medical systems                                                       |
| DFAC                                            | dining facility                                                                  |
| DFAS                                            | Defense Finance and Accounting Service                                           |
| DHHS                                            | Department of Health and Human Services                                          |
| DHS                                             | Department of Homeland Security                                                  |
| DIA                                             | Defense Intelligence Agency                                                      |
| DIB                                             | *defense industrial base                                                         |
| DIRLAUTH                                        | *direct liaison authorized                                                       |
| DISA                                            | Defense Information Systems Agency                                               |
| DISN                                            | *Defense Information Systems Network                                             |
| DLIC                                            | *detachment left in contact                                                      |
| DMC                                             | distribution management center                                                   |
| DNA                                             | deoxyribonucleic acid                                                            |
| DNBI                                            | *disease and nonbattle injury                                                    |
| DNI                                             | Director of National Intelligence                                                |
| DOD                                             | Department of Defense                                                            |
| DODD                                            | Department of Defense directive                                                  |
| DODIN-A                                         |                                                                                  |
| *Department of Defense information network-Army |                                                                                  |
| DOR                                             | date of rank                                                                     |
| DOS                                             | Department of State                                                              |
| DOT                                             | Department of Transportation                                                     |
| DOTMLPF                                         | doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, |
| and facilities [the force development domains]  |                                                                                  |
| DPICM                                           | dual-purpose improved conventional munitions                                     |
| DRSN                                            | Defense Red Switched Network                                                     |
| DS                                              | *direct support                                                                  |
| DSCA                                            | *defense support of civil authorities                                            |
| DSM                                             | *decision support matrix                                                         |
| DST                                             | *decision support template                                                       |
| DT                                              | dynamic targeting                                                                |
| DTG                                             | date-time group                                                                  |
| DTMS                                            | Digital Training Management System                                               |
| DTS                                             | *Defense Transportation System                                                   |

| DSC                                    | *defensive space control                        |
|----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
| DSN                                    | Defense Switched Network                        |
| DVA                                    | Department of Veterans Affairs                  |
| DZ                                     | *drop zone                                      |
| E                                    |                                                 |
| EA                                     |                                                 |
| *engagement area                       |                                                 |
| , *electronic attack, *executive agent |                                                 |
| EAB                                    | echelons above brigade                          |
| EAD                                    | *earliest arrival date                          |
| EAP                                    | emergency action plan                           |
| EC                                     | *enemy combatant                                |
| ECC                                    |                                                 |
| expeditionary contracting command      |                                                 |
| ECL                                    | electrochemiluminescence                        |
| ECU                                    | environmental control unit                      |
| EDT                                    | *end delivery tonnage                           |
| EECT                                   | *end evening civil twilight                     |
| EEFI                                   | *essential element of friendly information      |
| EENT                                   | *end of evening nautical twilight               |
| EEO                                    | equal employment opportunity                    |
| ELINT                                  | *electronic intelligence                        |
| EMAC                                   | emergency management assistance compact         |
| EMC                                    | *electromagnetic compatibility                  |
| EMCON                                  | *emission control                               |
| EME                                    | *electromagnetic environment                    |
| EMI                                    | *electromagnetic interference                   |
| EMOE                                   | *electromagnetic operational environment        |
| EMP                                    | *electromagnetic pulse                          |
| EMS                                    | electromagnetic spectrum                        |
| EMSO                                   | electromagnetic spectrum operations             |
| EO                                     |                                                 |
| electro-optical,                       |                                                 |
| equal opportunity                      |                                                 |
|                                        |                                                 |
| EOC                                    | *emergency operations center                    |
| EOD                                    | *explosive ordnance disposal                    |
| EO-IR CM                               | *electro-optical-infrared countermeasure        |
| EP                                     | *electronic protection                          |
| EPA                                    | *evasion plan of action                         |
| EPLO                                   | *emergency preparedness liaison officer         |
| EPLRS                                  | enhanced position location and reporting system |
| EPW                                    | enemy prisoner of war                           |
| ERP                                    | *engineer regulating point                      |
| ES                                     | *electronic warfare support                     |
| ESB                                    | expeditionary signal battalion                  |
| ESC                                    | expeditionary sustainment command               |
| ESF                                    | *emergency support function                     |
| EW                                     | *early warning, *electronic warfare             |
| EXORD                                  | execute order                                   |
| F                                    |                                                 |
| 1SG                                    | first sergeant                                  |

| F3EAD    | find, fix, finish, exploit, analyze, and disseminate                  |
|----------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| FA       | *field artillery                                                      |
| FAA      | Federal Aviation Administration (DOT)                                 |
| FAAD     | forward area air defense                                              |
| FAC      | *forward air controller                                               |
| FAC(A)   | *forward air controller (airborne)                                    |
| FAH      | final attack heading                                                  |
| FARP     | *forward arming and refueling point                                   |
| FBCB2    | Force XXI Battle Command, brigade and below                           |
| FBI      | Federal Bureau of Investigation (DOJ)                                 |
| FCL      | *final coordination line                                              |
| FDC      | *fire direction center                                                |
| FDO      | *flexibility deterrent option                                         |
| FEBA     | *forward edge of the battle area                                      |
| FEI      | *forensic-enabled intelligence                                        |
| FEMA     | Federal Emergency Management Agency                                   |
| FEZ      | *fighter engagement zone                                              |
| FFA      | *free fire area                                                       |
| FFIR     | *friendly force information requirement                               |
| FFT      | *friendly force tracking                                              |
| FHA      | *foreign humanitarian assistance                                      |
| FHP      | *force health protection                                              |
| FID      | *foreign internal defense                                             |
| FISINT   | *foreign instrumentation signals intelligence                         |
| FIST     | *fire support team                                                    |
| FLE      | *forward logistics element                                            |
| FLIR     | *forward looking infrared                                             |
| FLOT     | *forward line of own troops                                           |
| FM       | field manual, frequency modulation                                    |
| FMC      | financial management center, field medical card, full mission-capable |
| FMI      | field manual-interim                                                  |
| FMT      | field maintenance team                                                |
| FMS      | *foreign military sales                                               |
| FOB      | forward operating base                                                |
| FO       | *forward observer                                                     |
| FOO      | field ordering officer                                                |
| FORSCOM  | United States Army Forces Command                                     |
| FOS      | *forward operating site                                               |
| FP       | *force protection                                                     |
| FPCON    | *force protection condition                                           |
| FPF      | *final protective fire                                                |
| FPL      | *final protective line                                                |
| FRAGORD  | *fragmentary order                                                    |
| FS       | fire support                                                          |
| FSA      | *fire support area                                                    |
| FSC      | forward support company                                               |
| FSCC     | *fire support coordination center                                     |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| FSCL    | *fire support coordination line    |
|---------|------------------------------------|
| FSCM    | *fire support coordination measure |
| FSCOORD | fire support coordinator           |
| FSO     | fire support officer               |
| FSS     | *fire support station              |
| FTX     | field training exercise            |

## G

| G-1                  | assistant chief of staff, personnel                                          |
|----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| G-2                  | assistant chief of staff, intelligence                                       |
| G-2X                 | counterintelligence and human intelligence staff officer for a general staff |
| G-3                  | assistant chief of staff, operations                                         |
| G-4                  | assistant chief of staff, logistics                                          |
| G-5                  | assistant chief of staff, plans                                              |
| G-6                  | assistant chief of staff, signal                                             |
| G-8                  | assistant chief of staff, financial management                               |
| G-9                  | assistant chief of staff, civil affairs operations                           |
| GARS                 | Global Area Reference System                                                 |
| GBI                  | *ground-based interceptor                                                    |
| GBMD                 | *global ballistic missile defense                                            |
| GCC                  | geographic combatant commander                                               |
| GCSS-A               | Global Command and Control System-Army                                       |
| GCSSArmy            | Global Combat Support SystemArmy                                            |
| GE                   | *general engineering                                                         |
| GEOINT               | *geospatial intelligence                                                     |
| GFM                  | *global force management                                                     |
| GIG                  | Global Information Grid                                                      |
| GI&S                 | *geospatial information and services                                         |
| GMD                  | *ground based midcourse defense                                              |
| GMTI                 | ground moving target indicator                                               |
| GP                   | general purpose                                                              |
| GPS                  | *Global Positioning System                                                   |
| GPW                  | Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War              |
| GR                   | *grade resistance                                                            |
| GS                   | *general support                                                             |
| GSB                  | group support battalion                                                      |
| GSR                  | general support-reinforcing                                                  |
| GSSC                 | global satellite communications (SATCOM) support center                      |
| GTL                  |                                                                              |
| *gross trailing load |                                                                              |
| , *gun-target line   |                                                                              |

## H

| HA     | humanitarian assistance                      |
|--------|----------------------------------------------|
| HACC   | *humanitarian assistance coordination center |
| HARM   | high-speed antiradiation missile             |
| HAZMAT | hazardous materials                          |
| HCA    | *humanitarian and civic assistance           |
| HCT    | human intelligence (HUMINT) collection team  |
| HD     | *homeland defense                            |

| HE     | high explosive                             |
|--------|--------------------------------------------|
| HEI    | high explosives incendiary                 |
| HEMTT  | heavy expanded mobile tactical truck       |
| HF     | high frequency                             |
| HHC    | headquarters and headquarters company      |
| HLZ    | helicopter landing zone                    |
| HM     | hazardous material                         |
| HMMWV  | high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle |
| HN     | *host nation                               |
| HNS    | *host nation support                       |
| HOC    | *humanitarian operations center            |
| HPT    | *high-payoff target                        |
| HPTL   | high-payoff target list                    |
| HR     | human resources                            |
| HRF    | homeland response force                    |
| HRP    | *high risk personnel                       |
| HQ     | headquarters                               |
| HQDA   | Headquarters, Department of the Army       |
| HRSC   | human resources sustainment center         |
| HS     | *homeland security                         |
| HSS    | *health service support                    |
| HUMINT | *human intelligence                        |
| HVAA   | *high value airborne asset (protection)    |
| HVI    | high-value individual                      |
| HVT    | *high value target                         |
| HW     | *hazardous waste                           |

## I

| IAA               | *incident awareness and assessment                 |
|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------|
| IAMD              | *integrated air and missile defense                |
| IAW               | in accordance with                                 |
| IBCT              | infantry brigade combat team                       |
| IBS               | integrated broadband system                        |
| IC                | *intelligence community                            |
| ICO               | installation contracting office                    |
| ICRC              | International Committee of the Red Cross           |
| ICS               | *incident command system                           |
| ID                | infantry division                                  |
| , *identification |                                                    |
| IDAD              | *internal defense and development                  |
| IDN               | initial distribution number                        |
| IDP               | *internally displaced person                       |
| IE                | information engagement                             |
| IED               | *improvised explosive device                       |
| IEM               | installation emergency management                  |
| IFF               | identification, friend or foe                      |
| IGO               | *intergovernmental organization                    |
| IMCOM             | United States Army Installation Management Command |
| IMET              | *international military education and training     |
Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.
IMINT
*imagery intelligence
IMT
initial military training
INSCOM
United States Army Intelligence and Security Command
IO
*information operations
IP
initial position
IPB
*intelligence preparation of the battlefield, *intelligence preparation of the
battlespace
IPDS
*inland petroleum distribution system
IPE
*individual protective equipment
IPERMS
Interactive Personnel Electronic Records Management System
IPFU
individual physical fitness uniform
IPI
*indigenous populations and institutions
IPOE
intelligence preparation of the operational environment
IR
*information requirements, infrared
IRC
internet relay chat, *information-related capability
IRR
Individual Ready Reserve
ISB
*intermediate staging base
ISOPREP
*isolated personnel report
ISR
*intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
ITO
installation transportation officer
ITV
*in transit visibility
IW
*irregular warfare

## J

| J-2      | intelligence directorate of a joint staff                         |
|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| J-3      | operations directorate of a joint staff                           |
| J-4      | logistics directorate of a joint staff                            |
| J-5      | plans directorate of a joint staff                                |
| J-6      | communications system directorate of a joint staff                |
| JAAT     | *joint air attack team                                            |
| JACCE    | *joint air component coordination element                         |
| JAG      | judge advocate general                                            |
| JAGIC    | *joint air-ground integration center                              |
| JAOC     | *joint air operations center                                      |
| JCET     | *joint combined exchange training                                 |
| JCMOTF   | *joint civil-military operations task force                       |
| JCS      | Joint Chiefs of Staff                                             |
| JDAM     | Joint Direct Attack Munition                                      |
| JDDE     | *joint deployment and distribution enterprise                     |
| JDDOC    | *joint deployment and distribution operations center              |
| JEMSMO   | *joint electromagnetic spectrum management operations             |
| JEZ      | *joint engagement zone                                            |
| JFACC    | *joint force air component commander                              |
| JFC      | *joint force commander                                            |
| JFCC-IMD | Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense |
| JFE      | *joint fires element                                              |
| JFLCC    | *joint force land component commander                             |
| JFMCC    | *joint force maritime component commander                         |

| JFO                        | *joint field office, joint fires observer                      |
|----------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|
| JFSOCC                     | *joint force special operations component commander            |
| JIACG                      | *joint interagency coordination group                          |
| JIC                        | joint information center                                       |
| JIIM                       | joint, interagency, intergovernmental, multinational           |
| JIPOE                      | *joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment |
| JIPTL                      | *joint integrated prioritized target list                      |
| JLOTS                      | *joint logistics over the shore                                |
| JOA                        | *joint operations area                                         |
| JOC                        | joint operations center                                        |
| JOPES                      | Joint Operation Planning and Execution System                  |
| JOPP                       | *joint operation planning process                              |
| JP                         | joint publication                                              |
| JPRC                       | *joint personnel recovery center                               |
| JRSOI                      | *joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration    |
| JSCP                       | Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan                              |
| JSOA                       | *joint special operations area                                 |
| JSOACC                     | *joint special operations air component commander              |
| JSOTF                      | *joint special operations task force                           |
| JSTARS                     | Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System                  |
| JTAC                       | *joint terminal attack controller                              |
| JTCB                       | *joint targeting coordination board                            |
| JTF                        | *joint task force                                              |
| JTIDS                      | Joint Tactical Information Distribution System                 |
| JTT                        | joint tactical terminal                                        |
| JWICS                      | Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System             |
| K                        |                                                                |
| KBC                        | *kill box coordinator                                          |
| KIA                        | killed in action                                               |
| L                        |                                                                |
| LAD                        | *latest arrival date                                           |
| LAN                        | local area network                                             |
| LGB                        | laser-guided bomb                                              |
| LD                         | *line of departure                                             |
| LNO                        | liaison officer                                                |
| LOA                        | *limit of advance                                              |
| , *letter of authorization |                                                                |
| LOC                        | *line of communications                                        |
| LOE                        | *line of effort                                                |
| LOGCAP                     | logistics civil augmentation program                           |
| LOGPAC                     | *logistics package                                             |
| LOGSA                      | logistics support activity                                     |
| LOO                        | *line of operation                                             |
| LOS                        | line of sight                                                  |
| LOTS                       | *logistics over-the-shore                                      |
| LTIOV                      | latest time information is of value                            |
| LZ                         | *landing zone                                                  |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

M

| MA                                                         | *mortuary affairs                                                                |
|------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| MACCS                                                      | *Marine air command and control system                                           |
| MAGTF                                                      | Marine air-ground task force                                                     |
| MAP                                                        | *Military Assistance Program                                                     |
| MARO                                                       | *mass atrocity response operations                                               |
| MASCAL                                                     | *mass casualty                                                                   |
| MASINT                                                     | *measurement and signature intelligence                                          |
| MBA                                                        | *main battle area                                                                |
| MCA                                                        | *military civic action                                                           |
| MCOO                                                       | *modified combined obstacle overlay                                              |
| MCPP                                                       | Marine Corps Planning Process (Marine Corps)                                     |
| MCRP                                                       | Marine Corps reference publication                                               |
| MCS                                                        | maneuver control system                                                          |
| MCT                                                        | *movement control team                                                           |
| MCWP                                                       | Marine Corps warfighting publication                                             |
| MDMP                                                       | *military decisionmaking process                                                 |
| MEB                                                        | maneuver enhancement brigade                                                     |
| MEDEVAC                                                    | medical evacuation                                                               |
| MEF                                                        | Marine expeditionary force                                                       |
| MET                                                        | mission-essential task                                                           |
| METL                                                       | *mission-essential task list                                                     |
| METT-T                                                     | mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available-time available |
| METT-TC                                                    | mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time          |
| available, civil considerations [mission variables] (Army) |                                                                                  |
| MEZ                                                        | *missile engagement zone                                                         |
| MGO                                                        | *military government operations                                                  |
| MGRS                                                       | military grid reference system                                                   |
| MHE                                                        | materials handling equipment                                                     |
| MHQ                                                        | *music headquarters                                                              |
| MI                                                         | military intelligence                                                            |
| MIA                                                        | missing in action                                                                |
| MIDS                                                       | Multifunction Information Distribution System                                    |
| MILCON                                                     | military construction                                                            |
| MILDEC                                                     | *military deception                                                              |
| MIL-STD                                                    | military standard                                                                |
| MIS                                                        | military information support                                                     |
| MISG                                                       | military information support group                                               |
| MISO                                                       | *military information support operations                                         |
| MISOC                                                      | military information support operations command                                  |
| MLC                                                        | military load classification                                                     |
| MLRS                                                       | multiple launch rocket system                                                    |
| MMT                                                        | military mail terminal                                                           |
| MNL                                                        | *multinational logistics                                                         |
| MOA                                                        | memorandum of agreement                                                          |
| MOB                                                        | *mobilization                                                                    |
| MOE                                                        | *measure of effectiveness                                                        |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| MOP    | *measure of performance                           |
|--------|---------------------------------------------------|
| MOPP   | *mission oriented protective posture              |
| MOS    | military occupational specialty                   |
| MOU    | memorandum of understanding                       |
| MP     | military police                                   |
| MPA    | Military Personnel, Army                          |
| MPD    | *music performance detachment                     |
| MPT    | *music performance team                           |
| MPU    | *music performance unit                           |
| MRE    | meal, ready to eat                                |
| MRL    | multiple rocket launcher                          |
| MSC    | *Military Sealift Command                         |
| MSE    | mobile subscriber equipment                       |
| MSF    | *mobile security force                            |
| MSI    | *multispectral imagery                            |
| MSL    | mean sea level                                    |
| MSR    | *main supply route                                |
| MST    | maintenance support team                          |
| MTF    | medical treatment facility                        |
| MTOE   | modified table of organization and equipment      |
| MTON   | *measurement ton                                  |
| MTS    | Movement Tracking System                          |
| MTT    | *mobile training team                             |
| MTTP   | multi-Service tactics, techniques, and procedures |
| MUM-T  | *manned unmanned teaming                          |
| MWR    | morale, welfare, and recreation                   |

## N

| NAI     | *named area of interest                     |
|---------|---------------------------------------------|
| NAR     | *nonconventional assisted recovery          |
| NARP    | Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures |
| NATO    | North Atlantic Treaty Organization          |
| NBC     | nuclear, biological, and chemical           |
| NCO     | noncommissioned officer                     |
| NCOIC   | noncommissioned officer in charge           |
| NDRC    | *National Detainee Reporting Center         |
| NDS     | *national defense strategy                  |
| NDT     | Net-division tonnage                        |
| NEC     | *network enterprise center                  |
| NEO     | *noncombatant evacuation operations         |
| NFA     | no-fire area                                |
| NGA     | National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency     |
| NGIC    | National Ground Intelligence Center         |
| NGO     | *nongovernmental organization               |
| NIMS    | *National Incident Management System        |
| NIPRNET | Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router Network  |
| NIST    | national intelligence support team          |
| NLT     | not later than                              |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| NMS                                      | *national military strategy              |
|------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| NORAD                                    | North American Aerospace Defense Command |
| NRF                                      | National Response Framework              |
| NSA                                      | National Security Agency                 |
| NSC                                      | National Security Council                |
| NSFS                                     | *naval surface fire support              |
| NSL                                      | *no strike list                          |
| NSN                                      | national stock number                    |
| NSS                                      | *national security strategy              |
| NSSE                                     | *national special security event         |
| NTC                                      | National Training Center                 |
| NTL                                      |                                          |
| *net trainload                           |                                          |
| NTTP                                     |                                          |
| Navy tactics, techniques, and procedures |                                          |
| NVD                                      | *night vision device                     |
| NVG                                      | *night vision goggle or goggles          |
| NWDC                                     | Navy Warfare Development Command         |
| NWP                                      | Navy warfare publication                 |

## O

| O&M                                                     | operation and maintenance                                                    |
|---------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| OA                                                      | *objective area, *operational area                                           |
| OAKOC                                                   | observation and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key terrain, obstacles, |
| and cover and concealment [military aspects of terrain] |                                                                              |
| OB                                                      | *order of battle                                                             |
| OCA                                                     | *offensive counterair                                                        |
| OCO                                                     | *offensive cyberspace operations                                             |
| OCONUS                                                  | outside the continental United States                                        |
| OCS                                                     | *offensive space control, *operational contract support                      |
| OE                                                      | *operational environment                                                     |
| OGA                                                     | other government agency                                                      |
| OHDACA                                                  | Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid                               |
| OIC                                                     | officer in charge                                                            |
| OMA                                                     | Operations and Maintenance, Army                                             |
| OP                                                      | observation post                                                             |
| OPCON                                                   | *operational control                                                         |
| OPDS                                                    | *offshore petroleum discharge system                                         |
| OPE                                                     | *operational preparation of the environment                                  |
| OPIR                                                    | *overhead persistent infrared                                                |
| OPLAN                                                   | *operation plan                                                              |
| OPNAVINST                                               | Chief of Naval Operations instruction                                        |
| OPORD                                                   | *operation order                                                             |
| OPSEC                                                   | *operations security                                                         |
| OPTEMPO                                                 | operating tempo                                                              |
| ORSA                                                    | operations research and systems analysis                                     |
| OSC                                                     | *on-scene commander                                                          |
| OSD                                                     | Office of the Secretary of Defense                                           |
| OSHA                                                    | Occupational Safety and Health Administration                                |
| OSINT                                                   | *open source intelligence                                                    |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| OSUT                                          | one station unit training                                                    |
|-----------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| P                                           |                                                                              |
| PA                                            |                                                                              |
| *public affairs,                              |                                                                              |
| personnel accountability                      |                                                                              |
| PAA                                           | *position area for artillery                                                 |
| PAO                                           | public affairs officer                                                       |
| PB                                            | *peace building                                                              |
| PBO                                           | property book officer                                                        |
| PCC                                           | precombat check                                                              |
| PCI                                           | precombat inspection                                                         |
| PCS                                           | permanent change of station                                                  |
| PDSS                                          | predeployment site survey                                                    |
| PE                                            | *preparation of the environment                                              |
| PFC                                           | private first class                                                          |
| PGM                                           | *precision-guided munition                                                   |
| PHIBOP                                        | *amphibious operation                                                        |
| PID                                           | positive identification                                                      |
| PIR                                           | priority intelligence requirement                                            |
| PKI                                           | *public key infrastructure                                                   |
| PL                                            | phase line                                                                   |
| PLB                                           | *personal locator beacon                                                     |
| PLD                                           | *probable line of deployment                                                 |
| PLT                                           | platoon                                                                      |
| PM                                            | project manager                                                              |
| PMCS                                          | preventive maintenance checks and services                                   |
| PMESII-PT                                     | political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical |
| environment, and time [operational variables] |                                                                              |
| PN                                            | *partner nation                                                              |
| PO                                            |                                                                              |
| psychological objective                       |                                                                              |
| , *peace operations                           |                                                                              |
| POC                                           | point of contact                                                             |
| POD                                           | *port of debarkation                                                         |
| POE                                           | *port of embarkation                                                         |
| POL                                           | petroleum, oils, and lubricants                                              |
| POW                                           | *prisoner of war                                                             |
| PPD                                           | purified protein derivative                                                  |
| PPE                                           | *personal protective equipment                                               |
| PPO                                           | project purchasing officer                                                   |
| PR                                            | personnel recovery                                                           |
| PRCC                                          | *personnel recovery coordination cell                                        |
| proword                                       | *procedure word                                                              |
| PRT                                           | provincial reconstruction team                                               |
| PSA                                           | *port support activity                                                       |
| PVNTMED                                       | preventive medicine                                                          |
| PWS                                           | *performance work statement                                                  |
| PZ                                            | pickup zone                                                                  |
| Q                                           |                                                                              |
| QA                                            | quality assurance                                                            |
| QC                                            | quality control                                                              |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| QRF                       | quick reaction force                                                  |
|---------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| R                       |                                                                       |
| R                         | reinforcing                                                           |
| R&S                       | reconnaissance and surveillance                                       |
| RADC                      | *regional air defense commander                                       |
| RC                        | Reserve Component                                                     |
| RCA                       | *riot control agent                                                   |
| RCC                       | *rescue coordination center                                           |
| RCT                       | regimental combat team                                                |
| RDD                       | *radiological dispersal device,*required delivery date                |
| RDSP                      | rapid decisionmaking and synchronization process                      |
| RED                       | *radiological exposure device                                         |
| RECON                     | *reconnaissance                                                       |
| RED HORSE                 | *Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineer |
| RESCAP                    | *rescue combat air patrol                                             |
| RF                        | radio frequency                                                       |
| RFA                       | request for assistance, *restrictive fire area                        |
| RF CM                     | *radio frequency countermeasures                                      |
| RFF                       | request for forces                                                    |
| RFI                       | *request for information                                              |
| RFL                       | restrictive fire line                                                 |
| RLD                       | *ready-to-load date                                                   |
| RM                        | risk management                                                       |
| ROE                       | *rules of engagement                                                  |
| ROZ                       | *restricted operations zone                                           |
| RP                        |                                                                       |
| *release point,           |                                                                       |
| red phosphorus,           |                                                                       |
| *retained personnel       |                                                                       |
| RPG                       | rocket propelled grenade                                              |
| RR                        |                                                                       |
| *reattack recommendation, |                                                                       |
| *rolling resistance       |                                                                       |
| RS                        | religious support                                                     |
| RSO                       | reception, staging, and onward movement                               |
| RSOI                      | reception, staging, onward movement, and integration                  |
| RTL                       | *restricted target list                                               |
| RUF                       | rules for the use of force                                            |

## S

| S-1                          | battalion or brigade personnel staff officer                                  |
|------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| S-2                          | battalion or brigade intelligence staff officer                               |
| S-2X                         | battalion or brigade counterintelligence and human intelligence staff officer |
| S-3                          | battalion or brigade operations staff officer                                 |
| S-4                          | battalion or brigade logistics staff officer                                  |
| S-5                          | battalion or brigade plans staff officer                                      |
| S-6                          | battalion or brigade signal staff officer                                     |
| S-9                          | battalion or brigade civil affairs operations staff officer                   |
| SA                           | *security assistance, situational awareness, *staging area                    |
| SAA                          | satellite access authorization                                                |
| , *senior airfield authority |                                                                               |
| SACC                         | *supporting arms coordination center                                          |
| SADC                         | *sector air defense commander                                                 |

| SALT        | size, activity, location, time                      |
|-------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| SALUTE      | size, activity, location, unit, time, and equipment |
| SAM         | surface-to-air missile                              |
| SAMS-E      | standard Army maintenance system-enhanced           |
| SAR         | *search and rescue, synthetic aperture radar        |
| SARDOT      | *search and rescue point                            |
| SARSS       | Standard Army Retail Supply System                  |
| SATCOM      | satellite communications                            |
| S&TI        | *scientific and technical intelligence              |
| SB (SO) (A) | sustainment brigade (special operations) (airborne) |
| SBCT        | Stryker brigade combat team                         |
| SC          | *security cooperation, *strategic communication     |
| SCA         | *space coordinating authority                       |
| SCAR        | *strike coordination and reconnaissance             |
| SCI         | sensitive compartmented information                 |
| SCO         | *security cooperation organization                  |
| SDDC        | Surface Deployment and Distribution Command         |
| SE          | *site exploitation                                  |
| SEAD        | *suppression of enemy air defenses                  |
| SecDef      | Secretary of Defense                                |
| SERE        | survival, evasion, resistance, and escape           |
| SF          | *special forces                                     |
| SFA         | security force assistance                           |
| SGT         | sergeant                                            |
| SGM         | sergeant major                                      |
| SHF         | super-high frequency                                |
| SIF         | selective identification feature                    |
| SIGACT      | significant activity                                |
| SIGINT      | *signals intelligence                               |
| SINCGARS    | single-channel ground and airborne radio system     |
| SIPRNET     | *SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network            |
| SIR         | specific information requirement                    |
| SITREP      | *situation report                                   |
| SJA         | staff judge advocate                                |
| SJOA        | *space joint operating area                         |
| SME         | subject matter expert                               |
| SMO         | *Spectrum Management Operations                     |
| SO          | *special operations                                 |
| SOCCE       | *special operations command and control element     |
| SOF         | *special operations forces                          |
| SOFA        | *status-of-forces agreement                         |
| SOI         | signal operating instructions                       |
| SOJTF       | *special operations joint task force                |
| SOLE        | *special operations liaison element                 |
| SOP         | *standard operating procedure                       |
| SOR         | statement of requirement                            |
| SP          | *start point                                        |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| SPINS                  | special instructions                                                 |
|------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| SPM                    | *single port manager                                                 |
| SPO                    | support operations                                                   |
| SPOD                   | seaport of debarkation                                               |
| SPOE                   | seaport of embarkation                                               |
| SPOTREP                | *spot report                                                         |
| SR                     | *special reconnaissance                                              |
| SROE                   | standing rules of engagement                                         |
| SRP                    | Soldier readiness processing                                         |
| SRUF                   | *standing rules for the use of force                                 |
| SSA                    | *supply support activity                                             |
| SSR                    | *security sector reform                                              |
| STANAG                 | standardization agreement                                            |
| STB                    | special troops battalion                                             |
| STE                    | secure telephone equipment, *starting tractive effort                |
| *special tactics team  |                                                                      |
| *support to resistance |                                                                      |
| STT                    |                                                                      |
| STR                    |                                                                      |
|                        |                                                                      |
| SWEAT-MSO              | sewage, water, electricity, academics, trash, medical, safety, other |
| considerations         |                                                                      |
| SWO                    | staff weather officer                                                |

## T

| TA                  | *target acquisition, target audience, *threat assessment                  |
|---------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| TAA                 | *tactical assembly area                                                   |
| TAC                 | tactical command post (graphics), tactical (graphics)                     |
| TAC(A)              | *tactical air coordinator (airborne)                                      |
| TACC                | tactical air command center                                               |
| TACLAN              | tactical local area network                                               |
| TACON               | *tactical control                                                         |
| TACP                | *tactical air control party                                               |
| TACS                | theater air control system                                                |
| TAI                 | *target area of interest                                                  |
| TAMD                | theater air and missile defense                                           |
| TB MED              | technical bulletin (medical)                                              |
| TC                  | training circular                                                         |
| TC-AIMS II          | Transportation Coordinator's Automated Information for Movement System II |
| TCC                 | *transportation component command                                         |
| TCF                 | *tactical combat force                                                    |
| TD                  | *train density                                                            |
| TDA                 | Table of Distribution and Allowance                                       |
| TDL                 |                                                                           |
| TDY                 |                                                                           |
| *tactical data link |                                                                           |
| temporary duty      |                                                                           |
| T&EO                | *training and evaluation outline                                          |
| TECHINT             | *technical intelligence                                                   |
| TEMPER              | tent extendible modular personnel                                         |
| TES                 | *theater event system                                                     |
| TF                  | task force                                                                |
| TG                  | technical guide                                                           |

| TGO     | *terminal guidance operations                    |
|---------|--------------------------------------------------|
| THAAD   | terminal high altitude area defense              |
| TIB     | *toxic industrial biological                     |
| TIC     | *toxic industrial chemical                       |
| TIM     | *toxic industrial material                       |
| TIP     | target intelligence package                      |
| TIR     | *toxic industrial radiological                   |
| TJAG    | the judge advocate general                       |
| TLE     | *target location error                           |
| TLP     | troop leading procedures                         |
| TM      | technical manual                                 |
| TMD     | theater missile defense                          |
| TO      | *theater of operations                           |
| TO&E    | table of organization and equipment              |
| TOF     | time of flight                                   |
| TOW     | tube launched, optically tracked, wire guided    |
| TPFDD   | *time-phased force and deployment data           |
| TPFDL   | *time-phased force and deployment list           |
| TQ      | *tactical questioning                            |
| TRADOC  | United States Army Training and Doctrine Command |
| TRANSEC | *transmission security                           |
| TRO     | *training and readiness oversight                |
| TRP     | target reference point                           |
| TSC     | theater sustainment command                      |
| TSCP    | theater security cooperation plan                |
| TSOC    | *theater special operations command              |
| TST     | *time sensitive target                           |
| TTP     | tactics, techniques, and procedures              |

## U

| UA        | *unmanned aircraft                                        |
|-----------|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| UAR       | *unconventional assisted recovery                         |
| UARCC     | *unconventional assisted recovery coordination cell       |
| UAS       | *unmanned aircraft system                                 |
| UCMJ      | Uniform Code of Military Justice                          |
| UCP       | *Unified Command Plan                                     |
| UGR       | unitized group ration                                     |
| UH        | utility helicopter                                        |
| UIC       | unit identification code                                  |
| ULN       | *unit line number                                         |
| UMD       | *unit movement data                                       |
| UMT       | unit ministry team                                        |
| U.S.      | United States                                             |
| USA       | United States Army                                        |
| USACE     | United States Army Corps of Engineers                     |
| USAF      | United States Air Force                                   |
| USAID     | United States Agency for International Development        |
| USAJFKSWC | United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

| USAMC      | United States Army Materiel Command           |
|------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| USAMEDCOM  | United States Army Medical Command            |
| USAPHC     | United States Army Public Health Command      |
| USAR       | United States Army Reserve                    |
| USASOC     | United States Army Special Operations Command |
| USC        | United States Code                            |
| USCENTCOM  | United States Central Command                 |
| USCG       | United States Coast Guard                     |
| USEUCOM    | United States European Command                |
| USG        | United States Government                      |
| USMC       | United States Marine Corps                    |
| USMTF      | United States message text format             |
| USN        | United States Navy                            |
| USNORTHCOM | United States Northern Command                |
| USPACOM    | United States Pacific Command                 |
| USSOCOM    | United States Special Operations Command      |
| USSOUTHCOM | United States Southern Command                |
| USSTRATCOM | United States Strategic Command               |
| USTRANSCOM | United States Transportation Command          |
| UTM        | universal transverse Mercator                 |
| UTP        | unit training plan                            |
| UW         | *unconventional warfare                       |
| UXO        | *unexploded explosive ordnance                |

## V

| VBIED    | *vehicle-borne improvised explosive device   |
|----------|----------------------------------------------|
| VI       | *visual information                          |
| VISA     | *Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement      |
| VoIP     | voice over internet protocol                 |
| VRC      | vehicle radio communication                  |
| VSAT     | very small aperture terminal                 |
| VT       | variable time                                |
| VTC      | video teleconference                         |

## W

| WAN     | wide-area network               |
|---------|---------------------------------|
| WARM    | *wartime reserve modes          |
| WARNORD | *warning order                  |
| WCS     | *weapons control status         |
| WEZ     | *weapon engagement zone         |
| WMD     | *weapons of mass destruction    |
| WP      | white phosphorous               |
| WPS     | Worldwide Port System           |
| WTBD    | warrior tasks and battle drills |
| WTI     | *weapons technical intelligence |
| X     |                                 |
| XO      | executive officer               |

Bolded entries apply only to the Army. An asterisk (*) marks terms shown in chapter 1.

Z
ZF
*zone of fire

## Section Ii - Geographical Entity Codes

 On 19 February 2004, NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 1059 (Edition 8), Letter Codes for Geographical Entities, was promulgated. The aim of this agreement is to provide unique three letter codes for use within NATO to distinguish geographical entities. However, due to implementation difficulties, a 28 January 2005 memorandum from the NATO Standardization Agency declared that until STANAG 1059 could be fully implemented, the two letter code would be used for the technical automated information system domain, while in all other (nontechnical) administrative areas, the three letter code would be used. The list on pages 2-23 through 2-28 provides both the two letter and three letter codes.

| Geographical entity            | Two-letter code    | Three-letter code    |
|--------------------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| A                            |                    |                      |
| Afghanistan                    | AF                 | AFG                  |
| Albania                        | AL                 | ALB                  |
| Algeria                        | DZ                 | DZA                  |
| American Samoa                 | AS                 | ASM                  |
| Andorra                        | AD                 | AND                  |
| Angola                         | AO                 | AGO                  |
| Anguilla                       | AI                 | AIA                  |
| Antarctica                     | AQ                 | ATA                  |
| Antigua and Barbuda            | AG                 | ATG                  |
| Argentina                      | AR                 | ARG                  |
| Armenia                        | AM                 | ARM                  |
| Aruba                          | AA                 | ABW                  |
| Australia                      | AU                 | AUS                  |
| Austria                        | AT                 | AUT                  |
| Azerbaijan                     | AZ                 | AZE                  |
| B                            |                    |                      |
| Bahamas                        | BS                 | BHS                  |
| Bahrain                        | BH                 | BHR                  |
| Bangladesh                     | BD                 | BGD                  |
| Barbados                       | BB                 | BRB                  |
| Belarus                        | BY                 | BLR                  |
| Belize                         | BZ                 | BLZ                  |
| Belgium                        | BE                 | BEL                  |
| Benin                          | BJ                 | BEN                  |
| Bermuda                        | BM                 | BMU                  |
| Bhutan                         | BT                 | BTN                  |
| Bolivia                        | BO                 | BOL                  |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina         | BA                 | BIH                  |
| Botswana                       | BW                 | BWA                  |
| Bouvet Island                  | BV                 | BVT                  |
| Brazil                         | BR                 | BRA                  |
| British Indian Ocean Territory | IO                 | IOT                  |
| Brunei Darussalam              | BN                 | BRN                  |
| Bulgaria                       | BG                 | BGR                  |
| Burkina Faso                   | BF                 | BFA                  |
| Burundi                        | BI                 | BDI                  |
| Geographical entity                   | Two-letter code    | Three-letter code    |
|---------------------------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| C                                   |                    |                      |
| Cambodia                              | KH                 | KHM                  |
| Cameroon                              | CM                 | CMR                  |
| Canada                                | CA                 | CAN                  |
| Cape Verde                            | CV                 | CPV                  |
| Cayman Islands                        | KY                 | CYM                  |
| Central African Republic              | CF                 | CAF                  |
| Chad                                  | TD                 | TCD                  |
| Chile                                 | CL                 | CHL                  |
| China                                 | CN                 | CHN                  |
| Christmas Island                      | CX                 | CXR                  |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands               | CC                 | CCK                  |
| Colombia                              | CO                 | COL                  |
| Comoros                               | KM                 | COM                  |
| Congo                                 | CG                 | COG                  |
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | CD                 | COD                  |
| Cook Islands                          | CK                 | COK                  |
| Costa Rica                            | CR                 | CRI                  |
| Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)           | CI                 | CIV                  |
| Croatia (Hrvatska)                    | HR                 | HRV                  |
| Cuba                                  | CU                 | CUB                  |
| Cypress                               | CY                 | CYP                  |
| Czech Republic                        | CZ                 | CZE                  |
| D                                   |                    |                      |
| Denmark                               | DK                 | DNK                  |
| Djibouti                              | DJ                 | DJI                  |
| Dominica                              | DM                 | DMA                  |
| Dominican Republic                    | DO                 | DOM                  |
| E                                   |                    |                      |
| Ecuador                               | EC                 | ECU                  |
| El Salvador                           | SV                 | SLV                  |
| Egypt                                 | EG                 | EGY                  |
| Equatorial Guinea                     | GQ                 | GNQ                  |
| Eritrea                               | ER                 | ERI                  |
| Estonia                               | EE                 | EST                  |
| Ethiopia                              | ET                 | ETH                  |
| F                                   |                    |                      |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas)           | FK                 | FLK                  |
| Faroe Islands                         | FO                 | FRO                  |
| Fiji                                  | FJ                 | FJI                  |
| Finland                               | FI                 | FIN                  |
| France                                | FR                 | FRA                  |
| French Guiana                         | GF                 | GUF                  |
| French Polynesia                      | PF                 | PYF                  |
| French Southern Territories           | TF                 | ATF                  |
| G                                   |                    |                      |
| Gabon                                 | GA                 | GAB                  |
| Gambia                                | GM                 | GMB                  |
| Georgia                               | GE                 | GEO                  |
| Germany                               | DE                 | DEU                  |
| Ghana                                 | GH                 | GHA                  |
| Gibraltar                             | GI                 | GIB                  |
| Geographical entity                    | Two-letter code    | Three-letter code    |
|----------------------------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| Greece                                 | GR                 | GRC                  |
| Greenland                              | GL                 | GRL                  |
| Grenada                                | GD                 | GRD                  |
| Guadeloupe                             | GP                 | GLP                  |
| Guam                                   | GU                 | GUM                  |
| Guatemala                              | GT                 | GTM                  |
| Guinea                                 | GN                 | GIN                  |
| GuineaBissau                          | GW                 | GNB                  |
| Guyana                                 | GY                 | GUY                  |
| H                                    |                    |                      |
| Haiti                                  | HT                 | HTI                  |
| Heard Island and McDonald Islands      | HM                 | HMD                  |
| Holy See (Vatican City State)          | VA                 | VAT                  |
| Honduras                               | HN                 | HND                  |
| Hong Kong                              | HK                 | HKG                  |
| Hungary                                | HU                 | HUN                  |
| I                                    |                    |                      |
| Iceland                                | IS                 | ISL                  |
| India                                  | IN                 | IND                  |
| Indonesia                              | ID                 | IDN                  |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of              | IR                 | IRN                  |
| Iraq                                   | IQ                 | IRQ                  |
| Ireland                                | IE                 | IRL                  |
| Israel                                 | IL                 | ISR                  |
| Italy                                  | IT                 | ITA                  |
| J                                    |                    |                      |
| Jamaica                                | JM                 | JAM                  |
| Japan                                  | JP                 | JPN                  |
| Jordan                                 | JO                 | JOR                  |
| K                                    |                    |                      |
| Kazakhstan                             | KZ                 | KAZ                  |
| Kenya                                  | KE                 | KEN                  |
| Kiribati                               | KI                 | KIR                  |
| Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | KP                 | PRK                  |
| Korea, Republic of                     | KR                 | KOR                  |
| Kuwait                                 | KW                 | KWT                  |
| Kyrgyzstan                             | KG                 | KGZ                  |
| L                                    |                    |                      |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic       | LA                 | LAO                  |
| Latvia                                 | LV                 | LVA                  |
| Lebanon                                | LB                 | LBN                  |
| Lesotho                                | LS                 | LSO                  |
| Liberia                                | LR                 | LBR                  |
| Libyan                                 | LY                 | LBY                  |
| Liechtenstein                          | LI                 | LIE                  |
| Lithuania                              | LT                 | LTU                  |
| Luxembourg                             | LU                 | LUX                  |
| M                                    |                    |                      |
| Macao                                  | MO                 | MAC                  |
| Madagascar                             | MG                 | MDG                  |
| Malawi                                 | MW                 | MWI                  |
| Malaysia                               | MY                 | MYS                  |
| Geographical entity             | Two-letter code    | Three-letter code    |
|---------------------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| Maldives                        | MV                 | MDV                  |
| Mali                            | ML                 | MLI                  |
| Malta                           | MT                 | MLT                  |
| Martinique                      | MQ                 | MTQ                  |
| Mauritania                      | MR                 | MRT                  |
| Mauritius                       | MU                 | MUS                  |
| Mexico                          | MX                 | MEX                  |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | FM                 | FSM                  |
| Moldova, Republic of            | MD                 | MDA                  |
| Monaco                          | MC                 | MCO                  |
| Mongolia                        | MN                 | MNG                  |
| Montenegro                      | ME                 | MNE                  |
| Montserrat                      | MS                 | MSR                  |
| Morocco                         | MA                 | MAR                  |
| Mozambique                      | MZ                 | MOZ                  |
| Myanmar                         | MM                 | MMR                  |
| N                             |                    |                      |
| Namibia                         | NA                 | NAM                  |
| Nauru                           | NR                 | NRU                  |
| Nepal                           | NP                 | NPL                  |
| Netherlands                     | NL                 | NLD                  |
| Netherlands Antilles            | AN                 | ANT                  |
| New Caledonia                   | NC                 | NCL                  |
| New Zealand                     | NZ                 | NZL                  |
| Nicaragua                       | NI                 | NIC                  |
| Niger                           | NE                 | NER                  |
| Nigeria                         | NG                 | NGA                  |
| Niue                            | NU                 | NIU                  |
| Norfolk Island                  | NF                 | NFK                  |
| Northern Mariana Islands        | MP                 | MNP                  |
| Norway                          | NO                 | NOR                  |
| O                             |                    |                      |
| Oman                            | OM                 | OMN                  |
| P                             |                    |                      |
| Pakistan                        | PK                 | PAK                  |
| Palau                           | PW                 | PLW                  |
| Panama                          | PA                 | PAN                  |
| Papua New Guinea                | PG                 | PNG                  |
| Paraguay                        | PY                 | PRY                  |
| Peru                            | PE                 | PER                  |
| Philippines                     | PH                 | PHL                  |
| Pitcairn                        | PN                 | PCN                  |
| Poland                          | PL                 | POL                  |
| Portugal                        | PT                 | PRT                  |
| Puerto Rico                     | PR                 | PRI                  |
| Q                             |                    |                      |
| Qatar                           | QA                 | QAT                  |
| R                             |                    |                      |
| Reunion                         | RE                 | REU                  |
| Romania                         | RO                 | ROU                  |
| Russian Federation              | RU                 | RUS                  |
| Rwanda                          | RW                 | RWA                  |
| Geographical entity                  | Two-letter code    | Three-letter code                |
|--------------------------------------|--------------------|----------------------------------|
| S                                  |                    |                                  |
| Saint Helena                         | SH                 | SHL                              |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis                | KN                 | KNA                              |
| Saint Lucia                          | LC                 | LCA                              |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelone           | PM                 | SPM                              |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines     | VC                 | VCT                              |
| Samoa                                | WS                 | WSM                              |
| San Marino                           | SM                 | SMR                              |
| Sao Tome and Principe                | ST                 | STP                              |
| Saudi Arabia                         | SA                 | SAU                              |
| Senegal                              | SN                 | SEN                              |
| Serbia                               | RS                 | SRB                              |
| Seychelles                           | SC                 | SYC                              |
| Sierra Leone                         | SL                 | SLE                              |
| Singapore                            | SG                 | SGP                              |
| Slovakia                             | SK                 | SVK                              |
| Slovenia                             | SI                 | SVN                              |
| Solomon Islands                      | SB                 | SLB                              |
| Somalia                              | SO                 | SOM                              |
| South Africa                         | ZA                 | ZAF                              |
| GS                                   | SGS                | South Georgia and South Sandwich |
| Islands                              |                    |                                  |
| Spain                                | ES                 | ESP                              |
| Sri Lanka                            | LK                 | LKA                              |
| Sudan                                | SD                 | SDN                              |
| Suriname                             | SR                 | SUR                              |
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands       | SJ                 | SJM                              |
| Swaziland                            | SZ                 | SWZ                              |
| Sweden                               | SE                 | SWE                              |
| Switzerland                          | CH                 | CHE                              |
| Syrian Arab Republic                 | SY                 | SYR                              |
| T                                  |                    |                                  |
| Taiwan, Province of China            | TW                 | TWN                              |
| Tajikistan                           | TJ                 | TJK                              |
| Tanzania, United Republic of         | TZ                 | TZA                              |
| Thailand                             | TH                 | THA                              |
| TimorLeste                          | TL                 | TLS                              |
| Togo                                 | TG                 | TGO                              |
| Tokelau                              | TK                 | TKL                              |
| Tonga                                | TO                 | TON                              |
| Trinidad and Tobago                  | TT                 | TTO                              |
| Tunisia                              | TN                 | TUN                              |
| Turkey                               | TR                 | TUR                              |
| Turkmenistan                         | TM                 | TKM                              |
| Turks and Caicos Islands             | TC                 | TCA                              |
| Tuvalu                               | TV                 | TUV                              |
| U                                  |                    |                                  |
| Uganda                               | UG                 | UGA                              |
| Ukraine                              | UA                 | UKR                              |
| United Arab Emirates                 | AE                 | ARE                              |
| United Kingdom                       | GB                 | GBR                              |
| United States                        | US                 | USA                              |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands | UM                 | UMI                              |
| Geographical entity             | Two-letter code    | Three-letter code    |
|---------------------------------|--------------------|----------------------|
| Uruguay                         | UY                 | URY                  |
| Uzbekistan                      | UZ                 | UZB                  |
| V                             |                    |                      |
| Vanuatu                         | VU                 | VUT                  |
| Venezuela                       | VE                 | VEN                  |
| Viet Nam                        | VN                 | VNM                  |
| Virgin Islands (British)        | VG                 | VGB                  |
| Virgin Islands (US)             | VI                 | VIR                  |
| W                             |                    |                      |
| Wallis and Futuna Islands       | WF                 | WLF                  |
| Western Sahara                  | EH                 | ESH                  |
| Y                             |                    |                      |
| Yemen                           | YE                 | YEM                  |
| Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of | YU                 | YUG                  |
| Z                             |                    |                      |
| Zambia                          | ZM                 | ZMB                  |
| Zimbabwe                        | ZW                 | ZWE                  |

All websites accessed on 2 February 2021.

## Required Publications

These documents must be available to intended users of this publication. DOD *Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms*. December 2020.

## Related Publications

These documents contain relevant supplemental information.

## International Standardization Agreements

Most North Atlantic Treaty Organization publications are available at http://nso.nato.int/nso/. (requires account registration).

STANAG 1059 (ED. 8). *Letter Codes for Geographical Entities*. 01 April 2004. STANAG 1241 (ED. 5). *NATO Standard Identity Description Structure for Tactical Use*.

07 April 2005.

STANAG 3680 (ED. 5)/AAP 6 (2017) (2). NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions (English and French). 11 November 2019.

## Department Of Defense And Joint Publications

Most Department of Defense publications are available online at https://www.esd.whs.mil/dd/. Most joint publications are available online at http://www.jcs.mil/doctrine. Most CJCS publications are available online at https://www.jcs.mil/library/.

CJCSM 3122.01A. Joint Operation Planning and Execution (JOPES) Volume I (Planning Policies and Procedures). 29 September 2006.

CJCSM 5120.01B. *Joint Doctrine Development Process*. 06 November 2020. CJCSI 5120.02E. *Joint Doctrine Development System*. 06 November 2020. DODD 2310.01E. *DoD Detainee Program*. 19 August 2014. DODD 3025.18. *Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA)*. 29 December 2010.
JP 1. *Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States*. 25 March 2013. JP 1-0. *Joint Personnel Support*. 01 December 2020. JP 2-0. *Joint Intelligence*. 22 October 2013. JP 2-01. *Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations*. 05 July 2017. JP 2-01.2. *Counterintelligence and Human Intelligence in Joint Operations*. 06 April 2016. JP 2-01.3. *Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment*. 21 May 2014. JP 2-03. *Geospatial Intelligence in Joint Operations*. 05 July 2017. JP 3-0. *Joint Operations*. 17 January 2017. JP 3-01. *Countering Air and Missile Threats*. 21 April 2017. JP 3-02. *Amphibious Operations*. 04 January 2019. JP 3-03. *Joint Interdiction*. 09 September 2016. JP 3-05. Joint Doctrine for *Special Operations*. 22 September 2020. JP 3-06. *Joint Urban Operations*. 20 November 2013. JP 3-07. *Stability*. 03 August 2016.

JP 3-07.3. *Peace Operations*. 01 March 2018. JP 3-07.4. *Counterdrug Operations*. 05 February 2019. JP 3-08. *Interorganizational Cooperation*. 12 October 2016. JP 3-09. *Joint Fire Support*. 10 April 2019.
JP 3-09.3. *Close Air Support*. 10 June 2019. JP 3-10. *Joint Security Operations in Theater*. 25 July 2019. JP 3-11. *Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments*.
29 October 2018.
JP 3-12. *Cyberspace Operations*. 08 June 2018. JP 3-13. *Information Operations*. 27 November 2012. JP 3-13.2. *Military Information Support Operations*. 21 November 2014. JP 3-13.3. *Operations Security*. 06 January 2016. JP 3-13.4. *Military Deception*. 14 February 2017. JP 3-14. *Space Operations*. 10 April 2018. JP 3-15. *Barriers, Obstacles, and Mine Warfare for Joint Operations*. 06 September 2016. JP 3-15.1. *Counter-Improvised Explosive Device Activities*. 17 July 2018. JP 3-16. *Multinational Operations*. 01 March 2019. JP 3-18. *Joint Forcible Entry Operations*. 11 May 2017. JP 3-20. *Security Cooperation*. 23 May 2017. JP 3-22. *Foreign Internal Defense*. 17 August 2018. JP 3-24. *Counterinsurgency*. 25 April 2018. JP 3-26. *Joint Combating Terrorism*. 30 July 2020. JP 3-27. *Homeland Defense*. 10 April 2018. JP 3-28. *Defense Support of Civil Authorities*. 29 October 2018. JP 3-29. *Foreign Humanitarian Assistance*. 14 May 2019. JP 3-30. *Joint Air Operations*. 25 July 2019. JP 3-31. *Joint Land Operations*. 03 October 2019. JP 3-32. *Joint Maritime Operations*. 08 June 2018. JP 3-33. *Joint Task Force Headquarters*. 31 January 2018. JP 3-34. *Joint Engineer Operations*. 06 January 2016. JP 3-35. *Deployment and Redeployment Operations*. 10 January 2018.
JP 3-36. *Joint Air Mobility and Sealift Operations*. 04 January 2021. JP 3-40. Joint *Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction*. 27 November 2019. JP 3-41. *Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response*. 09 September 2016. JP 3-42. *Joint Explosive Ordnance Disposal*. 09 September 2016. JP 3-50. *Personnel Recovery*. 02 October 2015. JP 3-52. *Joint Airspace Control*. 13 November 2014. JP 3-57. *Civil-Military Operations*. 09 July 2018. JP 3-59. *Meteorological and Oceanographic Operations*. 10 January 2018. JP 3-60. *Joint Targeting*. 28 September 2018. JP 3-61. *Public Affairs*. 17 November 2015. JP 3-63. *Detainee Operations*. 13 November 2014. JP 3-68. *Noncombatant Evacuation Operations*. 18 November 2015. JP 3-80. *Resource Management*. 11 January 2016. JP 3-84. *Legal Support*. 02 August 2016.
JP 3-85. *Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations*. 22 May 2020. JP 4-0. *Joint Logistics*. 04 February 2019. JP 4-01. *The Defense Transportation System*. 18 July 2017. JP 4-01.5. *Joint Terminal Operations*. 02 November 2015.

JP 4-01.6. *Joint Logistics Over-the-Shore*. 03 February 2017. JP 4-02. *Joint Health Services*. 17 December 2017. JP 4-03. *Joint Bulk Petroleum and Water Doctrine*. 11 January 2016. JP 4-05. *Joint Mobilization Planning*. 23 October 2018. JP 4-09. *Distribution Operations*. 14 March 2019. JP 4-10. *Operational Contract Support*. 04 March 2019. JP 5-0. *Joint Planning*. 01 December 2020. JP 6-0. *Joint Communications System*. 10 June 2015.

## Army Publications

Most Army doctrinal publications are available online at https://armypubs.army.mil/. ADP 1. *The Army*. 31 July 2019. ADP 1-01. *Doctrine Primer*. 31 July 2019. ADP 2-0. *Intelligence.* 31 July 2019. ADP 3-0. *Operations*. 31 July 2019. ADP 3-05. Army *Special Operations*. 31 July 2019. ADP 3-07. *Stability*. 31 July 2019. ADP 3-19. *Fires*. 31 July 2019. ADP 3-28. *Defense Support of Civil Authorities*. 31 July 2019. ADP 3-37. *Protection*. 31 July 2019. ADP 3-90. *Offense and Defense*. 31 July 2019. ADP 4-0. *Sustainment*. 31 July 2019. ADP 5-0. *The Operations Process*. 31 July 2019. ADP 6-0. *Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces*. 31 July 2019. ADP 6-22. *Army Leadership and the Profession*. 31 July 2019. ADP 7-0. *Training*. 31 July 2019. AR 381-12. *Threat Awareness and Reporting Program*. 01 June 2016.

AR 600-100. *Army Profession and Leadership Policy*. 05 April 2017. ATP 1-05.03. *Religious Support and External Advisement*. 31 January 2019. ATP 1-05.04. *Religious Support and Internal Advisement*. 23 March 2017. ATP 1-05.05. *Religious Support and Casualty Care*. 28 August 2019. ATP 1-06.2. The *Commanders' Emergency Response Program*. 22 May 2017. ATP 1-06.3. *Banking Operations*. 23 January 2015. ATP 1-19. *Army Music*. 13 February 2015. ATP 1-20. *Military History Operations*. 09 June 2014. ATP 2-01. *Plan Requirements and Assess Collection*. 19 August 2014. ATP 2-01.3. *Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield*. 01 March 2019. ATP 2-19.3. *Corps and Division Intelligence Techniques*. 26 March 2015. ATP 2-19.4. *Brigade Combat Team Intelligence Techniques*. 10 February 2015. ATP 2-22.2-1. (U)Counterintelligence Volume I: Investigations, Analysis and Production, and

Technical Services and Support Activities. 11 December 2015.
ATP 2-22.4. *Technical Intelligence*. 04 November 2013. ATP 2-22.7. *(U)Geospatial Intelligence*. 26 March 2015. ATP 2-22.9/MCRP 2-10A.3. *(U)Open-Source Intelligence*. 15 August 2019. ATP 2-22.82. *(U)Biometrics-Enabled Intelligence*. 02 November 2015.
ATP 2-33.4. *Intelligence Analysis*. 10 January 2020. ATP 2-91.7. *Intelligence Support to Defense Support of Civil Authorities*. 29 June 2015. ATP 2-91.8. *(U)Techniques for Document and Media Exploitation*. 05 May 2015. ATP 3-01.7. *Air Defense Artillery Brigade Techniques*. 16 March 2016. ATP 3-01.8. *Techniques for Combined Arms for Air Defense*. 29 July 2016. ATP 3-01.15/MCTP 10-10B/NTTP 3-01.8/AFTTP 3-2.31. AMD: Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for Air and Missile Defense. 14 March 2019.
ATP 3-01.16. *Air and Missile Defense Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield*. 31 March 2016. ATP 3-01.18. *Stinger Team Techniques*. 23 August 2017. ATP 3-01.48. *Sentinel Techniques*. 04 March 2016. ATP 3-01.64. *Avenger Battalion and Battery Techniques*. 10 March 2016. ATP 3-01.81. *Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System Techniques*. 13 April 2017. ATP 3-01.85. *Patriot Battalion Techniques*. 31 January 2019. ATP 3-01.87. *Patriot Battery Techniques*. 22 August 2018. ATP 3-01.91. *Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THADD) Techniques*. 26 August 2013. ATP 3-01.94. *Army Air and Missile Defense Command Operations*. 20 April 2016. ATP 3-04.1. *Aviation Tactical Employment*. 07 May 2020. ATP 3-04.7. *Army Aviation Maintenance*. 20 October 2020. ATP 3-04.13. *Aircraft Recovery Operations.* 16 April 2018. ATP 3-04.64/MCRP 3-42.1A/NTTP 3-55.14/AFTTP 3-2.64. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for the Tactical Employment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems. 22 January 2015.
ATP 3-05.1. *Unconventional Warfare*. 06 September 2013. ATP 3-05.2. *Foreign Internal Defense*. 19 August 2015. ATP 3-05.11. *Special Operations Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Operations*.
30 April 2014.
ATP 3-05.20. *Special Operations Intelligence*. 03 May 2013. ATP 3-05.60. *Special Operations Communications System*. 30 November 2015. ATP 3-05.68. *Special Operations Noncombatant Evacuation Operations*. 30 September 2014.
ATP 3-06/MCTP 12-10B. *Urban Operations*. 07 December 2017. ATP 3-06.1/MCRP 3-35.3A/NTTP 3-01.04/AFTTP 3-2.29. Aviation Urban Operations: Multi-Service
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Aviation Urban Operations. 27 April 2016.
ATP 3-07.5. *Stability Techniques*. 31 August 2012. ATP 3-07.6. *Protection of Civilians*. 29 October 2015. ATP 3-07.10/MCRP 3-03D.1 [MCRP 3-33.8A]/NTTP 3-07.5/AFTTP 3-2.76. Advising: Multi-Service
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Advising Foreign Security Forces. 13 November 2017.
ATP 3-07.31/MCTP 3-03B/AFTTP 3-2.40. Peace Ops: Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Peace Operations. 02 May 2019.
ATP 3-09.02. *Field Artillery Survey*. 16 February 2016. ATP 3-09.12. *Field Artillery Target Acquisition*. 24 July 2015. ATP 3-09.13. *The Battlefield Coordination Detachment*. 24 July 2015. ATP 3-09.23. *Field Artillery Cannon Battalion*. 24 September 2015.
ATP 3-09.24. *Techniques for the Fires Brigade*. 21 November 2012. ATP 3-09.30. *Observed Fire*. 28 September 2017. ATP 3-09.34/MCRP 3-31.4 [3-25H]/NTTP 3-09.2.1/AFTTP 3-2.59. Kill Box: Multi-Service Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Kill Box Planning and Employment. 18 June 2018.
ATP 3-09.42. *Fire Support for the Brigade Combat Team*. 01 March 2016.
ATP 3-09.50. *The Field Artillery Cannon Battery*. 04 May 2016. ATP 3-09.60. Techniques for Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) and High Mobility Artillery
Rocket System (HIMARS) Operations. 29 July 2020.
ATP 3-11.23/MCWP 3-37.7/NTTP 3-11.35/AFTTP 3-2.71. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Weapons of Mass Destruction Elimination Operations. 01 November 2013.
ATP 3-11.32/ MCWP 10-10E.8/NTTP 3-11.37/AFTTP 3-2.46. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Passive Defense. 13 May 2016.
ATP 3-11.37/MCWP 3-37.4/NTTP 3-11.29/AFTTP 3-2.44. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Reconnaissance and
Surveillance. 25 March 2013.
ATP 3-11.50. *Battlefield Obscuration*. 15 May 2014. ATP 3-12.3. *Electronic Warfare Techniques*. 16 July 2019. ATP 3-13.1. *The Conduct of Information Operations*. 04 October 2018. ATP 3-14.3. *Techniques for Army Space Forces*. 15 February 2018. ATP 3-14.5. *Army Joint Tactical Ground Station (JTAGS) Operations*. 15 October 2014. ATP 3-17.2./MCRP 3-20B.1 [3-21.1B]/NTTP 3-02.18/AFTTP 3-2.68. Airfield Opening Multi-Service
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Airfield Opening. 27 October 2018.
ATP 3-18.1. *Special Forces Unconventional Warfare*. 21 March 2019. ATP 3-18.4. *Special Forces Special Reconnaissance*. 18 August 2015. ATP 3-18.11. *Special Forces Military Free-Fall Operations*. 28 April 2020. ATP 3-18.14. *Special Forces Vehicle-Mounted Operations Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures*.
12 September 2014.
ATP 3-20.15/MCRP 3-10B.1. *Tank Platoon*. 03 July 2019. ATP 3-20.96. *Cavalry Squadron*. 12 May 2016. ATP 3-20.97. *Cavalry Troop*. 01 September 2016. ATP 3-20.98. *Scout Platoon*. 04 December 2019. ATP 3-21.8. *Infantry Platoon and Squad*. 12 April 2016.
ATP 3-21.10. *Infantry Rifle Company.* 14 May 2018. ATP 3-21.11. *Stryker Brigade Combat Team Infantry Rifle Company*. 25 November 2020. ATP 3-21.18. *Foot Marches*. 17 April 2017. ATP 3-21.20. *Infantry Battalion*. 28 December 2017. ATP 3-21.50. *Infantry Small-Unit Mountain and Cold Weather Operations.* 27 August 2020. ATP 3-21.51. *Subterranean Operations.* 01 November 2019. ATP 3-21.90/MCTP 3-01D. *Tactical Employment of Mortars.* 09 October 2019. ATP 3-22.40/MCTP 10-10A/NTTP 3-07.3.2/AFTTP 3-2.45/CGTTP 3-93.2. NLW Multi-Service
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Employment of Nonlethal Weapons. 29 May 2020.
ATP 3-27.3. *Ground-based Midcourse Defense Operations*. 30 October 2019. ATP 3-27.5. *AN/TPY 2 Forward Based Mode Radar Operations*. 13 April 2015. ATP 3-28.1/MCWP 3-36.2/NTTP 3-57.2/AFTTP 3-2.67. DSCA: Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA). 25 September 2015.
ATP 3-34.5/MCRP 4-11B. *Environmental Considerations*. 10 August 2015. ATP 3-34.80. *Geospatial Engineering*. 22 February 2017. ATP 3-34.81/MCWP 3-17.4. *Engineer Reconnaissance*. 01 March 2016. ATP 3-34.84/MCRP 3-10.2 [3-35.9A]/NTTP 3-07.7/AFTTP 3-2.75/CGTTP 3-95.17. MDO
Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Military Diving Operations.
02 January 2019.
ATP 3-35. *Army Deployment and Redeployment*. 23 March 2015. ATP 3-37.10/MCRP 3-40D.13. *Base Camps*. 27 January 2017. ATP 3-37.11. *Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives Command.*
28 August 2018.
ATP 3-37.34/MCTP 3-34C. *Survivability Operations*. 16 April 2018. ATP 3-39.10. *Police Operations*. 26 January 2015. ATP 3-39.32. *Physical Security*. 30 April 2014. ATP 3-50.3/MCRP 3-05.1/NTTP 3-50.3/AFTTP 3-2.26. *Survival, Evasion, and Recovery*
Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Survival, Evasion, and Recovery. 21 August 2019.
ATP 3-50.10/MCRP 3-05.3/NTTP 3-57.6/AFTTP 3-2.90. PR Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Personnel Recovery. 04 June 2018.
ATP 3-50.20. *Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) Planning and Preparation*.
29 November 2017.
ATP 3-50.21. *Survival.* 18 September 2018. ATP 3-50.22. *Evasion*. 28 November 2017. ATP 3-52.1/MCRP 3-20F.4 [MCWP 3-25.13]/NTTP 3-56.4/AFTTP 3-2.78. *Airspace Control*
Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Airspace Control. 14 February 2019.
ATP 3-52.2/MCRP 3-20.1/NTTP 3-56.2/AFTTP 3-2.17. TAGS Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for the Theater Air-Ground System. 21 May 2020.
ATP 3-53.1. *Military Information in Special Operations*. 23 April 2015. ATP 3-53.2. *Military Information in Conventional Operations*. 07 August 2015. ATP 3-55.3/MCRP 2-10A.8/NTTP 2-01.3/AFTTP 3-2.88. ISR Optimization Multi-Service Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Optimization. 03 September 2019.
ATP 3-55.4. *Techniques for Information Collection During Operations Among Populations*.
05 April 2016.
ATP 3-55.6/MCRP 2-10A.4/NTTP 3-55.13/AFTTP 3-2.2. ATSRE Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for Air-To-Surface Radar System Employment. 23 October 2019.
ATP 3-57.10. *Civil Affairs Support to Populace and Resources Control*. 06 August 2013. ATP 3-57.20/MCRP 3-33.1C. Multi-Service Techniques for Civil Affairs Support to Foreign
Humanitarian Assistance. 15 February 2013.
ATP 3-57.30. *Civil Affairs Support to Nation Assistance*. 01 May 2014. ATP 3-57.50. *Civil Affairs Civil Information Management*. 06 September 2013. ATP 3-57.60. *Civil Affairs Planning*. 27 April 2014. ATP 3-57.70. *Civil-Military Operations Center*. 05 May 2014. ATP 3-57.80. *Civil-Military Engagement*. 31 October 2013. ATP 3-60. *Targeting*. 07 May 2015. ATP 3-60.1/MCRP 3-16D/NTTP 3-60.1/AFTTP 3-2.3. Dynamic Targeting Multi-Service Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Dynamic Targeting. 10 September 2015.
ATP 3-60.2/MCRP 3-20D.1/NTTP 3-03.4.3/AFTTP 3-2.72. SCAR Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for Strike Coordination and Reconnaissance. 31 January 2018.
ATP 3-75. *Ranger Operations*. 26 June 2015. ATP 3-76. *Special Operations Aviation*. 10 February 2017. ATP 3-90.1. *Armor and Mechanized Infantry Company Team*. 27 January 2016. ATP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8. *Combined Arms Mobility*. 08 March 2016.
ATP 3-90.5. *Combined Arms Battalion*. 05 February 2016. ATP 3-90.8/MCWP 3-17.5. *Combined Arms Countermobility Operations*. 17 September 2014. ATP 3-90.15. *Site Exploitation*. 28 July 2015. ATP 3-90.20. *Regional Support Group*. 31 July 2018. ATP 3-90.90. *Army Tactical Standard Operating Procedures*. 01 November 2011. ATP 3-90.98/MCTP 12-10C. *Jungle Operations*. 24 September 2020. ATP 3-91. *Division Operations*. 17 October 2014. ATP 3-91.1/AFTTP 3-2.86. *The Joint Air Ground Integration Center*. 17 April 2019. ATP 3-92. *Corps Operations*. 07 April 2016. ATP 3-93. *Theater Army Operations*. 26 November 2014. ATP 3-94.1. *Digital Liaison Detachment*. 28 December 2017. ATP 3-94.2. *Deep Operations*. 01 September 2016. ATP 3-96.1. *Security Force Assistance Brigade*. 02 September 2020. ATP 4-0.1. *Army Theater Distribution*. 29 October 2014. ATP 4-01.45/MCRP 3-40F.7 [MCRP 4-11.3H]/AFTTP 3-2.58. TCO Multi-Service Tactics,

Techniques, and Procedures for Tactical Convoy Operations. 22 February 2017.
ATP 4-02.1. *Army Medical Logistics*. 29 October 2015. ATP 4-02.2. *Medical Evacuation*. 12 July 2019. ATP 4-02.3. *Army Health System Support to Maneuver Forces*. 09 June 2014. ATP 4-02.7/MCRP 4-11.1F/NTTP 4-02.7/AFTTP 3-42.3. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Health Service Support in a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Environment. 15 March 2016.
ATP 4-02.10. *Theater Hospitalization*. 14 August 2020. ATP 4-02.19. *Dental Services*. 14 August 2020. ATP 4-02.55. *Army Health System Support Planning*. 30 March 2020. ATP 4-02.82/NTRP 4-02.9/AFTTP 3-2.82_IP. Occupational and Environmental Heath Site
Assessment. 01 April 2012.
ATP 4-02.84/MCRP 3-40A.3/NTRP 4-02.23/AFMAN 44-156_IP. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for Treatment of Biological Warfare Agent Casualties. 21 November 2019.
ATP 4-02.85/MCRP 3-40A.1/NTRP 4-02.22/AFTTP(I) 3-2.69. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Treatment of Chemical Warfare Agent Casualties and Conventional Military
Chemical Injuries. 02 August 2016.
ATP 4-10/MCRP 4-11H/NTTP 4-09.1/AFMAN 10-409-O. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Operational Contract Support. 18 February 2016.
ATP 4-11. *Army Motor Transport Operations*. 14 August 2020. ATP 4-12. *Army Container Operations*. 10 May 2013. ATP 4-13. *Army Expeditionary Intermodal Operations*. 16 April 2014. ATP 4-14. *Expeditionary Railway Center Operations*. 29 May 2014. ATP 4-15. *Army Watercraft Operations*. 03 April 2015. ATP 4-32. *Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Operations*. 30 September 2013. ATP 4-32.2/MCRP 10-10B/NTTP 3-02.4.1/AFTTP 3-2.12. EO Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Explosive Ordnance. 12 March 2020.
ATP 4-33. *Maintenance Operations*. 09 July 2019. ATP 4-35. *Munitions Operations and Distribution Techniques*. 05 September 2014. ATP 4-42.2. *Supply Support Activity Operations*. 09 June 2014. ATP 4-43. *Petroleum Supply Operations*. 06 August 2015.

ATP 4-44/MCRP 3-17.7Q. *Water Support Operations*. 02 October 2015. ATP 4-48. *Aerial Delivery*. 21 December 2016. ATP 4-90. *Brigade Support Battalion*. 18 June 2020. ATP 4-92. *Contracting Support to Unified Land Operations*. 15 October 2014. ATP 4-93. *Sustainment Brigade*. 11 April 2016. ATP 4-94. *Theater Sustainment Command*. 28 June 2013. ATP 5-0.1. *Army Design Methodology*. 01 July 2015. ATP 5-19. *Risk Management*. 14 April 2014. ATP 6-0.5. *Command Post Organization and Operations*. 01 March 2017. ATP 6-01.1 *Techniques for Effective Knowledge Management*. 06 March 2015. ATP 6-02.2. *Signal Platoon*. 30 December 2020. ATP 6-02.40. *Techniques for Visual Information Operations*. 03 January 2019. ATP 6-02.53. *Techniques for Tactical Radio Operations*. 13 February 2020. ATP 6-02.54. *Techniques for Satellite Communications*. 5 November 2020. ATP 6-02.60. *Tactical Networking Techniques for Corps and Below*. 09 August 2019. ATP 6-02.70. *Techniques for Spectrum Management Operations*. 16 October 2019. ATP 6-02.71. *Techniques for Department of Defense Information Network Operations*. 30 April 2019. ATP 6-02.75. *Techniques for Communications Security*. 18 May 2020. ATP 6-22.6. *Army Team Building*. 30 October 2015. FM 1-02.2. *Military Symbols.* 10 November 2020. FM 1-04. *Legal Support to Operations*. 08 June 2020. FM 1-05. *Religious Support*. 21 January 2019. FM 1-06. *Financial Management Operations*. 15 April 2014. FM 2-0. *Intelligence*. 06 July 2018. FM 2-22.3. *Human Intelligence Collector Operations*. 06 September 2006. FM 3-0. *Operations*. 06 October 2017. FM 3-01. *U.S. Army Air and Missile Defense Operations*. 22 December 2020.

FM 3-04. *Army Aviation*. 06 April 2020. FM 3-05. *Army Special Operations*. 09 January 2014. FM 3-07. *Stability*. 02 June 2014. FM 3-09. Fire Support and *Field Artillery Operations*. 30 April 2020. FM 3-11. *Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Operations*. 23 May 2019. FM 3-12. *Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations*. 11 April 2017. FM 3-13. *Information Operations*. 06 December 2016. FM 3-13.4. *Army Support to Military Deception*. 26 February 2019. FM 3-14. *Army Space Operations*. 30 October 2019. FM 3-16. *The Army in Multinational Operations*. 08 April 2014. FM 3-18. *Special Forces Operations*. 28 May 2014. FM 3-22. *Army Support to Security Cooperation*. 22 January 2013. FM 3-24/MCWP 3-33.5. *Insurgencies and Countering Insurgencies*. 13 May 2014.

FM 3-27. *Army Global Ballistic Missile Defense Operations*. 31 March 2014. FM 3-34. *Engineer Operations*. 18 December 2020. FM 3-39. *Military Police Operations*. 09 April 2019. FM 3-50. *Army Personnel Recovery*. 02 September 2014.

FM 3-52. *Airspace Control*. 20 October 2016. FM 3-53. *Military Information Support Operations*. 04 January 2013. FM 3-55. *Information Collection*. 03 May 2013. FM 3-57. *Civil Affairs Operations*. 17 April 2019. FM 3-81. *Maneuver Enhancement Brigade*. 21 April 2014. FM 3-90-1. *Offense and Defense, Volume 1*. 22 March 2013. FM 3-90-2. *Reconnaissance, Security, and Tactical Enabling Tasks, Volume 2*. 22 March 2013. FM 3-94. *Theater Army, Corps, and Division Operations*. 21 April 2014. FM 3-96. *Brigade Combat Team*. 19 January 2021. FM 3-98. *Reconnaissance and Security Operations*. 01 July 2015. FM 3-99. *Airborne and Air Assault Operations*. 06 March 2015. FM 4-0. *Sustainment Operations*. 31 July 2019. FM 4-01. *Army Transportation Operations*. 03 April 2014. FM 4-02. *Army Health System*. 17 November 2020. FM 4-30. *Ordnance Operations*. 01 April 2014. FM 4-40. *Quartermaster Operations*. 22 October 2013. FM 6-0. *Commander and Staff Organization and Operations*. 05 May 2014. FM 6-02. *Signal Support to Operations*. 13 September 2019. FM 6-05/MCRP 3-30.4 [MCWP 3-36.1]/NTTP 3-05.19/AFTTP 3-2.73/USSOCOM Pub 3-33.

CF-SOF Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Conventional Forces and Special Operations Forces Integration, Interoperability, and Interdependence. 04 April 2018.

FM 6-22. *Leader Development*. 30 June 2015. FM 6-27/MCTP 11-10C. *The Commander's Handbook on the Law of Land Warfare*. 07 August 2019. FM 7-0. *Train to Win in a Complex World*. 05 October 2016.

## United States Law

The *U.S. Constitution* available online at https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDOC-
110hdoc50/pdf/CDOC-110hdoc50.pdf.

Most acts and public laws are available at http://uscode.house.gov/. Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Title 22, USC, Chapter 39), as amended. Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Title 22, USC, Chapter 32), as amended. Title 10. USC. Section 401. Humanitarian and Civic Assistance Provided in Conjunction with Military Operations.

Title 10. USC. Sections 12401 - 12408. *National Guard Members in Federal Service*. Title 32. USC. *National Guard*.

## Geneva Convention

1949 *Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War*. Available at https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/GC_1949-III.pdf.

## Prescribed Forms

This section contains no entries.

## Referenced Forms

Unless otherwise indicated, DA forms are available on the Army Publishing Directorate (APD) Web site at https://armypubs.army.mil/.

DA Form 2028. *Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms*.

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:
Chief of Staff Official:
Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army
2106100

## Distribution:

Active Army, Army National Guard, and United States Army Reserve:  Distributed in electronic media only (EMO).

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PIN: 205914-000