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# *Fm 1-02.2 Field Manual No. 1-02.2 Headquarters Department Of The Army Washington, D.C., 18 May 2022

 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: This publication is approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes 1-02.2, dated 10 November 2020.

## Contents Preface Introduction Military Symbol Fundamentals

Chapter 1
Framed Symbols Amplifiers Symbol Lettering Unframed Symbols Control Measure Symbols Military Symbol Construct Process

## Military Unit And Organizational Symbols

Chapter 2
Unit and Organization Symbols Unit and Organization Frame Shapes Main and Modifier Icons and Amplifier Fields for Units Main Icons for Units

## Activity And Installation Symbols

Chapter 3
Activity Frame Shapes Installation Frame Shapes Main Icons for Activities and Installations

## Equipment Symbols

Chapter 4
Framed and Unframed Equipment Symbols Equipment Symbol Frame Shapes Main and Modifier Icons and Amplifiers for

Equipment Main Icons for Equipment

## Control Measures And Operation Symbols

Chapter 5
Fundamentals of Control Measure Symbols Composition of Control Measure Symbols Standard Identity Coloring Control Measures Control Measure Acronyms and Abbreviations Usage Operation Symbols Labeling Control Measures Main and Modifier Icons and Amplifiers Echelon Indicator (B) Direction of Movement Indicator (Q) Offset Location Indicator (S2) Additional Information Amplifier (H) Boundaries Areas Points Lines Movement and Maneuver Control Measure Symbols Offensive and Defensive Operation Symbols Observation Post Control Measures Military Deception Control Measures Airspace Control Measures Fire Support Coordination Control Measures Target Control Measures Target Acquisition Control Measures Mobility and Countermobility Control Measures CBRN Events Control Measures Route Control Measures Convoy Control Measures Maritime Control Measures

## Tactical Mission Tasks Chapter 6

Tactical Mission Tasks Defined Symbols for Tactical Mission Tasks COURSE OF ACTION SKETCH
Chapter 7
Purpose of Course of Action Sketch Makeup of Course of Action Sketch Task Organization Composition Symbols GLOSSARY REFERENCES INDEX

## Figures

Figure 1-1. Example of full frame main icons Figure 2-1. Main and modifier icon and amplifier placement
locations
Figure 2-2. Template for an echelon amplifier Figure 2-3. Template for quantity amplifier Figure 2-4. Quantity amplifier usage example Figure 2-5. Template for task force or team amplifier Figure 2-6. Template for attached and detached amplifier Figure 2-7. Template for country code amplifier Field AS with
Field F in use
Figure 2-8. Template for country code amplifier Field AS without
Field F usage
Figure 2-9. Template for command post using amplifier Field G Figure 2-10. Template for additional information amplifier Figure 2-11. Solidus usage example Figure 2-12. Hyphen usage example Figure 2-13. Template for higher echelon amplifier Figure 2-14. Higher echelon amplifier usage example Figure 2-15. Template for direction of movement amplifier Figure 2-16. Direction of movement amplifier usage example Figure 2-17. Template for combat effectiveness amplifier Figure 2-18. Headquarters staff location indicators Figure 2-19. Offset location indicators Figure 3-1. Placement of activity main and modifier icons and
amplifiers
Figure 3-2. Evaluation rating amplifier usage construct Figure 3-3. Activity direction of movement amplifier usage
construct
Figure 3-4. Activities offset location indicator amplifier usage
construct
Figure 3-5. Placement of installation main and modifier icon and
amplifiers
Figure 3-6. Template for operational condition amplifier Figure 4-1. Placement of land equipment symbols main and
modifier icons and amplifiers
Figure 4-2. Equipment direction of movement usage construct
example of an armored high mobility vehicle with medium gun system
Figure 4-3. Example of armored self-propelled (tracked) longrange surface to air missile launcher engaging an enemy attack rotary aircraft
Figure 4-4. Example of armored self-propelled howitzer moving
by train
Figure 4-5. Speed usage construct example with direction of
movement of an armored high mobility vehicle with medium gun system
Figure 5-1. Composition of control measure symbol Figure 5-2. Echelon indicator usage construct examples Figure 5-3. Direction of movement usage construct example Figure 5-4. Offset location indicator usage construct examples Figure 5-5. Additional information usage construct example Figure 5-6. Boundary composition template Figure 5-7. Template for area control measure symbols Figure 5-8. Template for points (left) and supply distribution
points (right) control measure symbols
Figure 5-9. Template for line control measure symbols Figure 7-1. Task organization main icon and amplifier fields

## Tables

Introductory table 1. New and modified military symbol changes Table 1-1. Standard identities and physical domain frame shapes Table 1-2. Friendly frame status examples in present, planned, or
suspected
Table 1-3. Horizontal and vertical octagon placement diagram
examples
Table 1-4. Standard identity colors Table 1-5. Construct process for framed symbols Table 1-6. Construct process for control measure symbol Table 2-1. Unit and organization standard identity frame shapes Table 2-2. Descriptions of main icon and amplifier fields for unit
frames
Table 2-3. Echelon and non-echelon amplifiers Table 2-4. Task organization indicator amplifier Table 2-5. Attached and detached amplifiers Table 2-6. Command post amplifier Field G usage examples Table 2-7. Main icons for units Table 2-8. Main icons for named units Table 2-9. Sector 1 modifiers for units Table 2-10. Sector 2 modifiers for units Table 2-11. Unit symbol construct examples and translations Table 3-1. Activity standard identity frame shapes Table 3-2. Descriptions of main and modifier icons and amplifier
fields for activity frames
Table 3-3. Installation standard identity frame shapes Table 3-4. Descriptions of main and modifier icon and amplifier
fields for installation frames
Table 3-5. Operational condition amplifiers and construct
examples
Table 3-6. Main icons for activities and installations Table 3-7. Sector 1 modifiers for activities and installations Table 3-8. Sector 2 modifiers for individuals and organizations Table 4-1. Equipment standard identity frame shapes Table 4-2. Descriptions of main and modifier icon and amplifier
fields
Table 4-3. Engagement bar designation colors Table 4-4. Equipment mobility (transportation) mode indicators
(Field R)
Table 4-5. Operational condition amplifiers and construct
examples
Table 4-6. Main icons for equipment Table 4-7. Sector 1 modifiers for equipment Table 4-8. Sector 2 modifiers for equipment Table 5-1. Present and planned status for control measure
symbols
Table 5-2. Main and modifier icon and amplifier descriptions for
control measure symbols
Table 5-3. Boundaries Table 5-4. Boundary control-line construct examples Table 5-5. Area control measures main icons Table 5-6. Battle position and unique operation area templates
with examples
Table 5-7. Point control measure main icon symbols Table 5-8. Distinctive action point control measure functions,
templates, and examples
Table 5-9. Line control measure symbols Table 5-10. Forms of maneuver control measure symbols Table 5-11. Movement to contact operation symbols Table 5-12. Attack operation symbols Table 5-13. Enabling operation symbols Table 5-14. Retrograde operation symbols Table 5-15. Observation post control measure symbols Table 5-16. Military deception control measure symbols Table 5-17. Airspace control measure symbols Table 5-18. Fire support coordination control measure symbols Table 5-19. Target control measure symbols Table 5-20. Target acquisition control measure symbols
Table 5-21. Mobility control measure symbols Table 5-22. Countermobility symbols and control measure symbols

Table 5-23. Land mine and minefield control measure symbols Table 5-24. Minefield sector 1 modifiers Table 5-25. Field fortification control measures Table 5-26. CBRN events control measures Table 5-27. CBRN contaminated area control measures Table 5-28. Route control measures Table 5-29. Convoy control measures Table 5-30. Maritime control measure symbols Table 6-1. Tactical mission task symbols Table 7-1. Task organization icons Table 7-2. Combat effectiveness icons

## Preface

FM 1-02.2 constitutes approved Army military symbols for general use to depict land operations. The principal audience for FM 1-02.2 is all members of the profession of arms. Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters serving as a joint task force or multinational headquarters should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning the range of military operations and joint or multinational forces. Trainers and educators throughout the Army will also use this publication. Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure their decisions and actions comply with applicable U.S., international, and, in some cases host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all echelons ensure their Soldiers operate in accordance with the law of war and the rules of engagement. (See FM 6-27/MCTP 11-10D.) This publication implements the following international agreements:
STANAG 1059 (ED. 8). *Letter Codes for Geographical Entities.* 1
April 2004.

STANAG 1241. (ED. 5). NATO Standard Identity Description Structure for Tactical Use. 6 April 2005. STANAG 2019 (ED 7)/APP 6 (D). NATO Joint Military Symbology.

16 October 2017. FM 1-02.2 applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard/ Army National Guard of the United States and United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated. The proponent of FM 1-02.2 is the United States Army Combined Arms Center. The preparing agency is the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate, United States Army Combined Arms Center. Send comments and recommendations on DA Form 2028
(Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) to Commander, United States Army Combined Arms Center and Fort Leavenworth, ATTN: ATZL-MCD (FM 1-02.2), 300 McPherson Avenue, Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-2337; by e-mail to usarmy.leavenworth.mccoe.mbx.cadd-org-mailbox@army.mil; or submit an electronic DA Form 2028.

## Introduction

This publication compiles Department of Defense Military Standard (MIL-STD) 2525D approved military symbols applicable to land operations for use in U.S. Army doctrinal publications, situation maps, overlays, annotated aerial photographs for all types of military operation. MIL-STD 2525D is the single standard for developing and depicting computer-generated military symbols for use in command and control systems. FM 1-02.2 is the proponent for hand drawn alternate symbols, course of action sketch symbols applicable to U.S. Army doctrine, and approved for use military symbols that are not currently included in MIL- STD 2525D due to difference in revision timeline. Use this publication as the standard for properly constructing land operations associated military symbols for communicating instructions to subordinate units, commanders, and staffs from company through corps echelons.

This publication is augmented by FM 1-02.1, Operational Terms, and *Army Dictionary* online. Changes to military symbols occur more frequently than traditional publication media can be updated. The terminology and military symbol database, known as the *Army Dictionary,* is updated monthly to reflect the latest editions of Army publications. (To access the database, go to https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/index.jsp?pindex=207, and log in with a common access card.) This database is an official DOD website, maintained by the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate in collaboration with the Joint Staff Directorate for Joint Force Development. The site is part of the Joint Doctrine, Education, and Training Electronic Information System. It includes all Army doctrinal terms and all military symbols in MIL-STD 2525D, including air, land, maritime, space, activities, and control measures. FM 1-02.2 is organized as follows: Chapter 1 introduces military symbol fundamentals. Chapters 2 through 4 provide icons for units, individuals, organizations, equipment, installations, and activities. Chapter 5 introduces control measure symbols. Chapter 6 discusses tactical mission tasks. Chapter 7 discusses the course of action sketch. These chapters provide detailed requirements for composing and constructing military symbols. The rules for building a set of military symbols allow enough flexibility for users to create any symbol to meet their operational needs. All military symbols construct standards are governed by MIL-STD 2525D, and this publication serves as the compendium of land related military symbols used in U.S. Army doctrine and training manuals. FM 1-02.2 is now the proponent of military symbols that were included in ADP 1-02 as the preceding proponent. The introductory table on page x provides a listing of new and modified military symbol changes published in this manual.

## Introductory Table 1. New And Modified Military Symbol Changes Chapter 1 Military Symbol Fundamentals

This chapter discusses the MIL-STD 2525D military symbol construct standards for framed and unframed symbol standard identity, physical domain, color usage, and the placement of main icons, modifiers, and amplifiers.

Military symbols are logograms that represent words or terms used to depict abstract graphic representations of a unit, equipment, installation, activity, control measure, or tactical mission task relevant to military operations. These symbols are available for use in course of action sketches, visualizing operation orders, planning, maps, overlays, and command and control system displays to represent a current common operational picture.

## Framed Symbols

1-1. Framed symbols allow the depiction of units, equipment, installations, and activities by using a combination of main icon, modifiers, amplifiers, and color (optional) to complete the military symbol construct. The frame is the border of the symbol and serves as the base to which other symbol components are added, and indicates the standard identity, physical domain, and status of the object being represented. Framed symbol may use standard identity colors to enhance depiction, or can be black and white depending on display. (See table 1-4 on page 1-5.)

## Standard Identity

1-2. The framed shape design identifies the symbol standard identity. The standard identify frame shape categories are unknown, pending, assumed friend, friend, neutral, suspect, and hostile. Table 1-1 (on page 1-2) depicts the standard identity frame shapes categorized by physical domains.

## Physical Domain

1-3. The physical domain defines the primary mission area above the earth's surface (in the air domain or space domain), on the earth's surface (land domain or maritime domain), or below the earth's surface (subsurface domain). Frame shapes differ by surface (land and sea), sea subsurface, air, and space physical domains. Table 1-1 (on page 1-2) lists and depicts the frame shapes usage for each of these physical domains by land unit, installation, activity, land and sea surface equipment, air equipment (in flight), space equipment (in space), and sea subsurface equipment. 1-4. Frame shape symbol use is dependent on the object's current physical domain. An aircraft, regardless of Service ownership, can be depicted in either the air domain (in flight) or land domain (on the ground), while aviation units are depicted as land units and facilities as land installations. The exception is surface equipment (land and sea) frames that do not change between land and maritime physical domains. An example is an amphibious vehicle that use the same frame shape regardless of current physical domain because it can operate in both land and maritime domains.

## Status

1-5. Status depicts whether an object exists at location

identified (status is "present" or "confirmed"), will in the future reside at that location (status is "planned" or "anticipated"), or is thought to reside at that location ("suspected"). (See table 1-2 for a depiction of friendly frames.)

## Octagon Placement Diagram

1-6. The octagon serves as a reference for placement of main and modifier icons for units, equipment, installations, or activities symbol constructs, and it is not part of the visible symbol. The octagon divides into 3 areas the innermost part of the symbol construct to standardize the usage of Field A and Field AA. These 3 areas are composed of the center area that is reserved for the main function area (main icon), the upper area (left area if vertical) reserved for sector 1 capability modifier, and lower area (right area if vertical) reserved for sector 2 capability modifier. The octagon may be used horizontally or vertically to allow for effective use of the space when placing main and modifier icons. Table 1-3 on page 1-4 provides examples showing the horizontal and vertical bounding octagons.

## Main Icon For Units, Equipment, Installations, Or Activities

1-7. The main icon for units, equipment, installations, or activities provides the main function of the military symbol construct. It is placed in the innermost part of the symbol construct, and is represented as the center area of Field A and Field AA. In general, main icons should not be so large as to exceed the dimensions of the main sector of the placement octagon or touch the interior border when framed. There are exceptions to the framed size rule because some main icons occupy the entire frame, and they must exceed the dimensions of the placement octagon and touch the interior border of the frame. These symbols are called full-frame main icons and occur only in land domain symbols. Figure 1-1 shows an example of a full frame main icon for all frame shapes.

## Modifier Icon For Units, Equipment, Installations, Or Activities

1-8. A modifier provides additional capability information when portraying a symbol. Modifiers conform to the octagon and are placed either above (sector 1) or below (sector 2). The main function icon is represented as part of Field A and Field AA. Some modifiers are interchangeable (multiple usage) and may be used as a sector 1 and sector 2 modifier with the same meaning. This publication defines various types of modifiers and indicates their placement in relation to the main function icon.

## Standard Identity Colors

1-9. Standard identity colors are used as the fill areas for framed military symbols, and line colors for unframed and framed military symbols. Unframed symbols require color as the standard identity indicator if text amplifiers are not used to categorize the symbol. Fill and line color are optional for framed symbols because the frame design provides the standard identity, and color is only a redundant identity indicator used to enhance the framed symbol. The framed symbol fill is normally white or transparent when color is not used in the depiction. Table 1-4 provides the approved standard identity color variants for military symbol construct fill and line colors.

## Amplifiers

1-10. Amplifiers are optional fields that provide the capability to include additional information about the portrayed symbol. Not all military symbols use amplifiers, and each symbol construct has its own unique amplifier applicability or placement location in accordance with the appropriate military symbol construct standard. Each respective chapter provides the applicable amplifier placement template and amplifier field listing for all military symbol constructs that have the option to use amplifiers.

## Symbol Lettering

1-11. The lettering for all military symbols will always be uppercase, sans serif font, right aligned on the left of side, left aligned on the right, and centered on top. In some cases the lettering may be tilted slightly to follow the contour of a line, but must be oriented for left-to-right legibility and avoid tilting so much that readers must tilt their heads to read it.

## Unframed Symbols

1-12. Equipment symbols may be depicted with frame or unframed. Control measure symbols and mission task symbols are unframed symbols that conform to special rules for their own elements.

## Unframed Equipment Symbols

1-13. The military symbol construct standard permits the depiction of equipment symbols with or without a frame. Unframed equipment symbol constructs follow the same icon and amplifier placement rules as framed equipment symbols. The only difference is that the main icon of the symbol construct serves as the base for adding modifiers and amplifiers, and it must use standard identity colors (blue, red, green, or yellow) to effectively depict and distinguish friendly or assumed friend, hostile or suspect, neutral, and unknown or pending units. Chapter 3 provides the equipment symbol icon and amplifier guidelines.

## Tactical Mission Task Symbols

1-14. Tactical mission task symbols are used in course of action sketches, synchronization matrices, and maneuver sketches. Tactical mission task symbols are sized to accommodate the scale of the display or map, and they may be used with other framed and unframed symbols, but they do not use modifiers or amplifiers. Chapter 6 provides tactical mission task symbol listings and construct examples.

## Control Measure Symbols

1-15. A control measure is a means of regulating forces or warfighting functions. Control measure symbols have different unique construct template patterns for each type of control measure, but they use similar standard identity colors and amplifiers as other military symbols. They can be black or white, depending on their display background. Display backgrounds can be blue (for friendly), red (for hostile), green (for obstacles), or yellow (for a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear contaminated area fill). See chapter 5 for description, placement, and further details of control measure symbols.

## Main Icons For Control Measures

1-16. Similar to frame symbols, field A identifies the location for control measures main icon placement. The main icon provides the ability to depict the main or supporting function within the construct composition of a control measure. Some control measures symbol constructs permit the use of Field A to embed a completed framed symbol construct. Not all control measures have this placement field, and the control measure templates in chapter 5 indicate if the construct composition provides the capability to add a main icon to the symbol.

## Modifiers For Control Measures

1-17. Minefields and limited access areas have modifiers that can only be used within their unique military symbol construct. (See chapter 5 for appropriate modifier listing and usage construct.)

## Military Symbol Construct Process

1-18. Military symbol construct is a logographic writing system similar to words in written language. Each symbol has a specific meaning that when combined with other symbols provides legible information that can be used to quickly identify units, organizations, and capabilities and to understand current or future actions. The military symbol construct process can construct sentences and paragraphs or translate written words into military symbols using MIL-STD 2525D symbol construct standard used by command and control systems. The symbols in this publication are adequate for depicting a variety of military symbol constructs, but if a user determines there is a gap in the symbol construct language, that user must inform the U.S. Army symbologist so collaboration can begin on creating a required new military symbol.

## Construct Process For Framed Symbols

1-19. Chapters 2 through 4 provide icons and modifiers for building a wide variety of framed symbols. Table 1-5 on page 1-8 provides a step-by-step framed symbol building process example for an infantry unit with armored high mobility vehicle capability, echelon of command level, and its unit designation.

## Construct Process For Control Measures

1-20. As part of the military symbol construct process, many control measure symbols can be combined with amplifiers and main icons to display operational information in one symbol. Table 1-6 depicts the steps in the building process example for one of these types of control measures.

## Chapter 2 Military Unit And Organizational Symbols

This chapter discusses symbols for units and organizations.

## Unit And Organization Symbols

2-1. A *unit* is any military element whose structure is prescribed by a competent authority (JP 3-33). This section includes the lists of amplifiers, main icons, and modifiers for constructing unit and organization symbols.

## Unit And Organization Frame Shapes

2-2. Unit and organization frame shapes are used to identify friendly, enemy, neutral, or unknown affiliation units in an area of interest or operation that may affect unified land operations. Table 2-1 provides the standard identity frame shapes for units and organizations. The frame shape construct guidelines for main and modifier icons and amplifier placement locations are provided in paragraph 2-3.

## Main And Modifier Icons And Amplifier Fields For Units

2-3. The main and modifier icons and amplifier fields standardize the display of alphanumerical information that graphically describes a unit, its capabilities, status, and location. The field placement is the same for all unit standard identity frames (including friend and assumed friend, hostile and suspect, neutral, pending, and unknown). Figure 2-1 on page 2-2 shows the placement fields for land unit symbols using a friend symbol frame as an example. Table 2-2 on page 2-3 provides descriptions and formats for each amplifier.

2-4. **Echelon and Non-Echelon Amplifiers (Field B).** An echelon is a separate level of command. In addition, there is also a separate echelon known as a non-echelon command. A non-echelon command is a unit or units, an organization, or an area under the command of one individual. It does not correspond to any of the other echelons. Figure 2-2 shows the template for an echelon amplifier. The height of the echelon amplifier is one-fourth of the size of the height of the frame. Table 2-3 on pages 2-6 through 2-7 shows the Field B amplifiers for Army echelons and non-echelon commands.

2-5. **Quantity amplifiers (Field C).** A text amplifier used to identify the number of type items or individuals. Figure 2-3 shows the template for a quantity amplifier and figure 2-4 (on page 2-9) provides a usage example of a medical augmentation detachment with a 32-hospital bed capability.

2-6. **Task organization indicator amplifier (Field D).** This amplifier is used with a battalion task force or company team. A battalion task force is a maneuver battalion-size unit consisting of a battalion headquarters, at least one assigned company-size element, and at least one attached company-size element from another maneuver or support unit (functional or multifunctional). A company team is a combined arms organization formed by attaching one or more nonorganic armor, mechanized, infantry, Stryker infantry, or infantry platoons to a tank, mechanized, infantry, Stryker, or infantry company, either in exchange for, or in addition to, its organic platoons. (See ADP 3-90 for more information on company teams.) Figure 2-5 provides the template for a tsk organization amplifier, and table 2-4 on page 2-10 shows the task organization amplifier and construct examples.

2-7. **Attached and detached amplifiers (Field F).** This amplifier is used at brigade echelons and below. Use a plus symbol (+) when reinforcing (attaching) one or more subelements of a similar function to a headquarters. (See JP 3-0 for more information on attached sub-elements.) Use a minus symbol () when reducing (detaching) one or more subelements of a similar function to a headquarters. Use a plus and minus symbol () when reinforcing (attaching) and reducing (detaching) one or more sub-elements of a similar function to a headquarters. Figure 2-6 shows a template for attached and detached amplifiers. Table 2-5 lists the amplifiers and usage examples. (See FM 6-0 for additional information on attachment and detachment.)
2-8. **Country code amplifier (Field** AS). The country code is a three-letter code that indicates the country of origin. FM 1-02.1 includes a complete listing of geographical entry codes (country codes) that can be used in Field AS. Field AS is located at the right corner of the frame and shares this space with Field F (attached and detached amplifiers). When Field F is being used, the Field AS country code will be placed to the right of Field F as shown in figure 2-7. If Field F is not being used, the AS field can occupy the entire space as shown in figure 2-8 on page 2-12.

2-9. Command post using staff comments amplifier (Field G). A command post is a unit headquarters where the commander and staff perform their activities. The headquarters staff indicator (Field S) is always used in conjunction with the command post and command group amplifiers. Figure 2-9 shows the template for the command post using amplifier Field G, and table 2-6 provides amplifier usage examples.

2-10. Alphanumeric unit designations using additional information amplifier (Field H). The alphanumeric unit designation identifies the unit displayed, and it may consist of a number consistent with the unit designation, function, and a higher echelon chain of command. The unit designation construct begins with the unit's own designation (number, or letter, or acronym), followed by a higher echelon command designation. Figure 2-10 on page 2-14 shows the template.

2-11. A unit designation construct uses the solidus (/) between echelons to identify a continuous hierarchy of command. Figure 2-11 provides an example of the solidus being used in a military symbol construct for 1st Platoon, 51st Transportation Company, 181st Transportation Battalion.

2-12. Hyphens (-) are only used to depict combat units that maintain regimental affiliations but have no regimental headquarters and are organized as part of a brigade. The use of the hyphen in the unit designation construct retains the units' traditional regimental affiliation and avoids confusing units that do not have a regimental commander from regiments which have remained organized with a regimental headquarters. Figure 2-12 provides an example of a hyphen being used in a military symbol construct for A Battery, 6th Battalion, 37th Field Artillery Regiment.

2-13. Higher echelon command using higher information amplifier (Field M). This additional text amplifier provides a unit symbol a space for the title or number of the higher echelon command (Roman numerals used to designate corps). Figure 2-13 shows the template and figure 2-14 provides a construct example for A Battery, 6th Battalion, 37th Field Artillery Regiment, 2nd Infantry Division, III Corps.

2-14. **Direction of movement amplifier (Field Q).** The direction of movement amplifier is an arrow or staff identifying the direction of movement or intended movement of an object. For unit and equipment symbols, the amplifier is an angled arrow extending downward from the bottom center of the frame or icon and pointing in the direction of movement. Figure 2-15 shows the template, and figure 2-16 is a direction of movement usage construct example of an enemy guerrilla infantry company.

2-15. **Combat effectiveness amplifiers (Field K).** This
amplifier field provides the ability to display the level of combat effectiveness of a unit. Figure 2-17 shows the template for the combat effectiveness amplifier. Combat effectiveness is the ability of a unit to perform its mission, and this amplifier uses the following rating factors for ammunition, personnel, fuel status, and weapons systems
- Fully operational (FO) - (85 percent or greater). - Substantially operational (SO) - (70 to 84 percent). - Marginally operational (MO) - 50 to 69 percent). - Not operational (NO) - (less than 50 percent). - Unknown (UNK).
2-16. Headquarters staff location indicator amplifier (Field S). To indicate a precise location or reduce the clutter of headquarters unit symbols, a staff extends from the bottom left hand corner to the headquarters location displayed as Field S. If several headquarters are at one location, more than one headquarters can be on a single staff. The highest echelon headquarters is placed on top, followed by the next echelons in descending order. Figure 2-18 shows examples of how the headquarters locator indicator is used for friendly and hostile units.

2-17. **Offset location indicator amplifier (Field** S2). Field S2 is a bent line (without an arrow) that extends from the end of the headquarters staff location indicator amplifier (Field S) to the desired location. The offset location indicator amplifier field is used to indicate precise location or reduce clutter in an area with multiple units. Figure 2-19 on page 2-18 shows examples of how to use the offset locator indicator for friendly and hostile units.

## Main Icons For Units

2-18. Most U.S. Army main icons for units were determined by table of organization and equipment and modified table of organization and equipment descriptions in the Force Management System of the U.S. Army Force Management Support Agency. This section also includes a limited number of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and civil authority main icons.

2-19. **Main icon (Field A).** The main icon is located in the center sector of the octagon and reflects the main function of the symbol (see table 1-5 on page 1-8). Table 2-7 (on pages 2-19 through 2-34 shows the main icons for units.

2-20. **Main icon for named units (Field** AA). This is a text amplifier field for all special command and control type headquarter-named units, and it allows the placement of a maximum of 9 characters inside the frame. Table 2-8 (on pages 2-35 through 2-38) lists some examples of special command and control type headquarter-named unit main icons.

## Sector 1 Modifiers For Units (Field A)

2-21. This indicator is represented as the upper part of Field A as shown in table 1-4 on page 1-5. Table 2-9 (on pages 2-38 through 2-57) shows sector 1 modifiers for unit capabilities. These modifiers assist in providing additional information specific to the capabilities that the unit organized and equipped to perform.

## Sector 2 Modifiers For Units (Field A)

2-22. This indicator is represented as the lower part of Field A as shown in table 1-4 on page 1-5. Table 2-10 (on pages 2-58 through 2-71) shows sector 2 icons. Sector 2 modifiers provide additional information specific to the capabilities of a unit. 2-23. Table 2-11 on pages 2-72 through 2-73 provides unit symbol construct examples and their translations.

## Chapter 3 Activity And Installation Symbols

This chapter discusses main icons and sector 1 and 2 modifiers used with activities and installation frames.

## Activity Frame Shapes

3-1. This frame is used to identify friendly, enemy, or criminal actions that can reveal civic, ethnic, religious, social, or other grouping activities in an area of interest or operation that may affect unified land operations. The frame shape follows the construct guidelines in chapter 1, main and modifier icons, the activities frame shapes for standard identities in table 3-1 and amplifier placement locations in figure 3-1.

3-2. **Activity main and modifier icons and amplifiers.** Figure
3-1 shows the placement of main and modifier icons within the frame and amplifiers around the friendly symbol frame. Table 3-2 on page 3-2 provides descriptions and formats of each amplifier.

3-3. **Evaluation rating amplifier (Field J).** The evaluation rating amplifier is a 2 digit alphanumeric code that allows for adding reliability and credibility rating. The reliability levels are A through F, and the credibility levels are 1 through 6. Table 3-2 provides the meaning of each letter and number code for this amplifier. Figure 3-2 provides an example of an evaluation rating amplifier usage construct of an enemy leader activity that is completely reliable and confirmed by other sources.

3-4. **Activity direction of movement amplifier (Field Q).** The activity direction of movement amplifier is an arrow extending from the center of the frame or main icon. The arrow extends in the direction of movement or intended movement of activity symbol. Figure 3-3 is an example of the usage construct.

3-5. **Activity offset location indicator amplifier (Field** S2).

The offset location amplifier for activities is placed differently from units and installations. Field S2 is located at the center of the bottom of the activity frame and the offset location indicator line protrude from this point (without an arrow) to the desired location. The line may be extended or bent as needed. Figure 3-4 on page 3-4 is an example of the usage construct of a friendly organized group meeting activity.

## Installation Frame Shapes

3-6. This frame shape is used to identify friendly military, civilian, or enemy installations, facilities, campuses, terminals, depots, caches, and specific buildings in an area of interest or operation that supports or may support a common interest during unified land operations. The frame shape follows the construct guidelines in chapter 1 and the activities frame shapes for standard identities in table 3-3.

3-7. **Installation amplifiers.** Figure 3-5 shows the placement of the main and modifier icons in the frame and amplifiers around the land installation or facility frame. Table 3-4 provides descriptions and formats of each amplifier.

# 3-8. **Operational Condition Amplifier (Al).** An Al Is Used To

display the level of operational condition of an installation symbol. Figure 3-6 shows the template for the combat effectiveness amplifier. Table 3-5 shows operational condition amplifiers and construct examples.

## Main Icons For Activities And Installations

3-9. Main icons (Field A) reflect the primary function of the symbol. The main icons for activities and installations include some military symbols used in chapter 2 and unique civilian symbols used in defense support of civil authorities and stability operations. Activity symbols provide the means to construct military and civilian symbols to identify individual and group activities (including isolated personnel, civic, religious, social, and other groups), and installation symbols identify military and civilian infrastructure. The use of unique civilian symbols is a recognition of the larger role of military forces beyond war fighting and reflect stability and support to civil authority activities around the world. (See FM 3-57 for more information on civil authorities.) Table 3-6 (on pages 3-8 through 3-19) shows the main icons for civilian individuals, organizations, events, installations, and facilities.

## Sector 1 Modifiers For Activities And Installations

3-10. Table 3-7 (on pages 3-20 through 3-29) shows sector 1 modifiers (Field A). Sector 1 modifiers further identify affiliation, capability, special characteristic, or specialty.

## Sector 2 Modifiers For Activities And Installations

3-11. Table 3-8 (on pages 3-30 through 3-32) shows sector 2 modifiers (field A). Sector 2 modifiers further identify affiliation, capability, special characteristic, or specialty.

## Chapter 4 Equipment Symbols

This chapter discusses main icons, sector 1 modifiers, and mobility indicator amplifiers for equipment. Equipment is nonexpendable items needed to outfit or equip an individual or organization. This section includes the lists of main and modifier icons, and amplifiers for building land equipment symbols

## Framed And Unframed Equipment Symbols

4-1. The equipment symbol construct standard permits the option to depict the symbol with frame or unframed. As discussed in chapter 1, the frame shape is what indicates the standard identity (friendly, enemy, neutral, and unknown) of a symbol. The unframed equipment symbol constructs must use colors (including blue, red, green, and yellow) in order to indicate the standard identity depiction of friendly, enemy, neutral, or unknown items. (See paragraph 1-9 for more information on standard identity colors.)

## Equipment Symbol Frame Shapes

4-2. The symbol frame shape is used to identify friendly, enemy, neutral, and unknown equipment affiliation in or supporting an area of interest or operations. Table 4-1 on page 4-2 provides the standard identity frame shapes for units and organizations. The frame shape construct guidelines for main and modifier icons and amplifier placement locations are provided in paragraph 4-4.

## Main And Modifier Icons And Amplifiers For Equipment

4-3. The purpose of main and modifier icons and amplifier fields is to standardize the display of optional alphanumeric information that graphically describes the equipment and provides additional information on capabilities, status, and location. Figure 4-1 shows the placement of land equipment symbol amplifiers around the equipment symbol using a friendly frame example for the purpose of reference location. Table 4-2 on pages 4-3 through 4-5 provides the descriptions and formats of each amplifier.

4-4. Equipment direction of movement amplifier (Field Q).

The equipment direction of movement amplifier is an arrow or staff identifying the direction of movement or intended movement of an object. For equipment symbols, the amplifier is an angled arrow extending downward from the bottom center of the frame or icon and pointing in the direction of movement. Figure 4-2 provides a direction of movement example for an armored high mobility vehicle with medium gun system.

4-5. **Engagement bar amplifier (Field AO).** The engagement amplifier bar may be used to designate engagements and to indicate targets. Both may be done in conjunction where depicted targets contain engagement information.

The engagement bar may contain information on 1) remote or local engagement; 2) stage of the engagement (for example, assign, cover, engage, hold fire, cease fire, cease engage, break engagement, or missile in flight); and 3) type of weapon assignment (for example, missile, gun, or torpedo). Engagement bars use four colors; red, white, and orange for hostile targets, and blue for friendly participating. (See table 4-3.) Figure 4-3 depicts an example of a friendly self-propelled (tracked) long range surface to air missile launcher engaging an enemy attack rotary aircraft. (See MIL-STD 2525D for more detailed technical information concerning expanded usage of the engagement bar.)
4-6. **Mobility (transportation) mode indicator (Field R).** The mobility (transportations) mode indicator is only used to depict the mode of transport of equipment. For example, a symbol for an armored self-propelled howitzer transported by train would include a railway mobility mode indicator in Field R (see figure 4-4.) Table 4-4 on page 4-8 provides a list of mobility (transportation) mode indicators with construct examples of the transporting of a howitzer.

4-7. **Speed (Field Z).** This field is used to display equipment velocity. (See figure 4-5.) The first part of this eight-character (its maximum length) amplifier shall be a numeric value (quantity), and the second part shall be the speed or velocity unit of measure. Legal entries for this portion of the amplifier shall be "kph" (kilometers per hour), "mps" (meters per second), "kts" (knots per hour), or "mph" (miles per hour). Examples include
- 220kph = 220 kilometers per hour. - 974.5mps = 974.5 meters per second.

- 18.75kts = 18.75 knots per hour. - 5mph = 5 miles per hour.
4-8. **Operational condition amplifiers (Field AL).** This field allows the display of the level of operational condition of the equipment. Table 4-5 on page 4-10 shows operational condition amplifiers and construct examples.

## Main Icons For Equipment

4-9. Main icons (Field A) reflect the main function of the symbol. Table 4-6 (on pages 4-11 through 4-33) shows the main icons for equipment.

## Sector 1 Modifiers For Equipment

4-10. Table 4-7 (on pages 4-34 through 4-38) shows sector 1 modifiers (Field A) for equipment.

## Sector 2 Modifiers For Equipment

4-11. Table 4-8 (on pages 4-39 through 4-40) shows sector 2 modifiers (Field A) for equipment.

## Chapter 5 Control Measures And Operation Symbols

This chapter discusses control measure construct fundamentals for points, lines, and areas. It also discusses operation symbols related to offensive and defensive operations.

## Fundamentals Of Control Measure Symbols

5-1. **Amplifiers.** An amplifier provides optional additional information about a tactical symbol. The field identification, field title, description, and maximum allowable display lengths of tactical symbol amplifiers are in table 5-21 on pages 5-77 through 5-79. An example of each amplifier (including both text and graphic indicators) is included in figure 5-2 on page 5-4. Amplifiers can be defined as either static or dynamic:
- Static amplifiers are amplifiers whose size and placement are fixed and remain constant. - Dynamic amplifiers are amplifiers whose size and placement are based on the attributes of an object, and change as these attributes change.

## Composition Of Control Measure Symbols

5-2. Control measure symbols can be combined with other symbols, icons, and amplifiers to display operational information. They do not follow the same building rules as the icon-based symbols, but they shall be built in accordance with the draw rules specified in the symbol tables. (See figure 5-1.)

## Standard Identity Coloring Control Measures

5-3. Friendly graphic control measures are shown in black or blue when drawn manually or on a color computer-generated display. Hostile graphic control measures are shown in red. If red is not available, they are drawn in black with the abbreviation "ENY" placed on the graphic in at least two places. Obstacles as shown in this chapter (friendly, hostile, neutral, unknown, factional) are drawn using the color green. If the color green is not available, obstacles should be drawn using black. The color yellow will be used for the hatching for CBRN contaminated areas.

## Control Measure Acronyms And Abbreviations Usage

5-4. The acronyms and abbreviations in this chapter are considered symbols that are part of the military symbol construct for use with Army control measure symbols. No acronyms or abbreviations other than those provided in this publication may be used. When acronyms or abbreviations are approved for use with military symbols they become part of the military symbol lexicon.

## Operation Symbols

5-5. Operation symbols are symbols related to offensive and defensive operations, which include movement to contact, attack, enabling, and retrograde operations. See types of offense and defense operations in ADP 3-90 and FM 3-90-1 for more information on operation symbols and their usage. Offensive and defensive operations symbols are not control measures, and are used to depict actions conducted during offense and defense operations that enhance operational picture of an operation.

## Labeling Control Measures

5-6. Symbol makers make all text labeling in upper case letters. The reader should be able to read the labels for all text labels of modifier or amplifier fields for control measure symbols when the bottom of the overlay is closest to the reader. Labeling written on an angle should be readable to viewers horizontally. 5-7. Status refers to whether a control measure exists at the location identified (status is "present") or will in the future reside at that location (status is "planned" or "suspected"). In general, linear control measures shall be a solid line when indicating present status and a dashed line when indicating suspected or planned status, as depicted in table 5-1. There are certain control measures such as counterattack which are drawn in the "present" status with dashed lines.

## Main And Modifier Icons And Amplifiers

5-8. **Main icons.** Field A is the placement area for control measure main icons, and provides the ability to depict the main or supporting function within the construct composition. Main icons for control measures are framed or unframed symbol constructs, or they are unique approved symbols that can be embedded within the symbol to effectively translate the intent or function. Not all control measures have this placement field, and the control measure template will indicate if the construct composition provides the capability to add a main icon to the symbol.

5-9. **Sector 1 modifier icons.** Only limited access areas and minefields use modifiers in their symbol construct. Each of these constructs have unique sector 1 modifier placement templates that are displayed in their military symbol construct sections. (See table 5-5 [on page 5-11] for limited access area modifier usage constructs, and tables 5-19 [on page 5-66] and 5-20 [on page 5-70] for minefield modifier usage constructs.)
5-10. **Amplifiers.** An amplifier provides optional additional information about a tactical symbol. The field identification, field title, description, and maximum allowable display lengths of tactical symbol amplifiers are presented in table 5-2 on pages 5-3 through 5-4. An example of each amplifier (including both text and graphic indicators) is included in figure 5-2 on page 5-4. Amplifiers can be defined as either static or dynamic:
- Static amplifiers are amplifiers whose size and placement are based on the attributes of an object, and they can change as these attributes and the scale of the background change.

## Echelon Indicator (B)

5-11. The echelon indicator provides a graphic representation of command level and is used to show the element echelon on lines and areas. The indicator is position as shown in figure 5-2 and Field B is defined in table 5-1 on page 5-2.

## Direction Of Movement Indicator (Q)

5-12. The direction of movement indicator is an arrow identifying the direction of movement of events. The arrow extends downward from the center of the icon and points in the direction of movement. The indicator is positioned as shown in figure 5-3 and Field Q is defined in table 5-1 on page 5-2.

## Offset Location Indicator (S2)

5-13. The offset location indicator is used when placing an object away from its actual location. The indicator is a line extending downward from an appropriate anchor point on an icon. This amplifier permits including the actual location in latitude and longitude between the anchor point of the symbol and the line extending downward. The indicator is positioned as shown in figure 5-4 and Field S2 is defined in table 5-1 on page 5-2.

## Additional Information Amplifier (H)

5-14. The additional information amplifier field is used to add content that is implementation specific, provided it does not exceed the allowed 20 maximum number of characters. This amplifier is positioned differently based on the symbol used. Figure 5-5 on page 5-6 provides 2 different position variation constructs for this field.

## Boundaries

5-15. A *boundary* is a line that delineates surface areas for the purpose of facilitating coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas (JP
3-0). Figure 5-6 provides a boundary composition template that includes orientation of optional field amplifier labels for horizontal (eastwest) and vertical (northsouth) boundaries. (See table 5-3 on pages 5-7 through 5-8 for depictions of boundary control measures. The following are optional

amplifiers that may be used with this control measure construct:
- Country code Field AS to identify the units' threeletter geographical entity country code. - Echelon indication Field B to identify the boundary echelon. - Hostile
(enemy)
Field
N
to
identify
enemy
boundaries. - Unique identifier Field T to identify designations of adjacent units.
5-16. Table 5-4 on page 5-9 provides construct examples for lateral and horizontal boundary control-line control measures between adjacent units in a division area of operations.

## Areas

5-17. An area is a specified geographic surface included within a delineated set of lines (boundaries) used for the purpose of facilitating coordination and deconfliction between adjacent units, formations, or other specific geographical surfaces. Figure 5-7 on page 5-10 provides the dynamic figure template for areas that provide the option to use 7 amplifier fields with the operations area main icon symbols listed in table 5-5 (on pages 5-11 to 5-15). Table 5-6 (on pages 5-16 through 5-19) lists battle positions and operations area templates with unique drawing constructs. 5-18. Table 5-5, on pages 5-11 through 5-15, lists area control measure main icon symbols that follow the specific format as shown in figure 5-7. 5-19. Table 5-6, on pages 5-16 through 5-19, lists functions, templates, and examples for battle positions and operations area control measures that have unique usage constructs. A battle position is a defensive location oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach. (See ADP 3-90 for more information on battle positions.) These control measures must follow the design and construct guidelines of this table.

## Points

5-20. Figure 5-8 on page 5-20 provides the templates used for point control measure main icon symbols listed in table 5-7 (pages 5-21 through 5-33) that include contact, coordination, decision, targets, sustainment, special supply distribution, and CBRN decontamination points. 5-21. Supply points follow a slightly different format by using the unit sector 2 supply symbol in table 2-4 (on page 2-10) to modify the frame toward the bottom of the vertical rectangle and make it supply unique. Figure 5-8 demonstrates this supply unique modification that is only used for supply point control measures. 5-22. Distinctive action points have unique formats (including square, circular, star, and cross) that do not follow a specific template and are unique symbols that represent specific actions (including contact, coordination, decision, targets, communication, and air). Distinctive action points are listed in table 5-8 (on pages 5-33 through 5-43).

5-23. The point templates in figure 5-6 on page 5-6 also includes amplifier fields (see table 5-2 on page 5-3) that can be used for additional information. As a minimum, a point shall include the function (Field A) information, and all other fields are optional information. Point symbols cannot be rotated and therefore text will not be written on an angle. Point symbol fields include
- Field A (required) can use acronyms or graphics in to identify the point name or function. - Field H (optional) used for additional information (content is implementation specific). - Field N (optional) used to identify an enemy point using "ENY." - Field T, T1 (optional) for text amplifiers used to differentiate a symbol by numbering, lettering or a combination of both, and or unit designations. - Field S2 (optional) used to indicate the offset or precise location of a single point symbol. - Field W, W1 (optional) used to identify the date-time group associated with point.
5-24. The point control measure symbols are used in the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Table 5-7 on page 5-21 through 5-33 lists point control measure main icons that follow figure 5-8 template construct formats. 5-25. Table 5-8, on pages 5-33 through 5-35, lists distinctive action point functions, templates, and usage examples that must follow the guidelines of this table.

## Lines

5-26. In table 5-9, on pages 5-36 through 5-41, there are line control measure symbols that follow a specific template format as shown in figure 5-9.
- Most lines are also names as a phase line for ease of reference in orders and during transmissions. - Lines that have a specific purpose and are also named as phase lines (such as a restrictive fire line) should have the primary purpose in the Field T1 labeled on top of the line at both ends of the line inside the lateral boundaries or as often as necessary for clarity. - The designation of the controlling headquarters for fire support coordination measures is depicted in Field T2.
The use of phase lines to mark line control measure symbols is not mandatory.

## Movement And Maneuver Control Measure Symbols

5-27. *Movement* is the positioning of combat power to establish the conditions for maneuver (ADP 3-90), and *maneuver* is the employment of forces in the operational area, through movement in combination with fires and information, to achieve a position of advantage in respect to the enemy (JP 3-0). (See FM 3-90-1 and FM 3-90-2 for additional information on movement and maneuver.) 5-28. Table 5-10, on pages 5-42 through 5-45 includes forms of maneuver control measures. *Forms of maneuver* are distinct tactical combinations of fire and movement with a unique set of doctrinal characteristics that differ primarily in the relationship between the maneuvering force and the enemy (ADP 3-90).

## Offensive And Defensive Operation Symbols

5-29. Table 5-11 includes movement to contact operation symbols. *Movement to contact* is a type of offensive operation designed to develop the situation and to establish or regain contact (ADP 3-90).

5-30. Table 5-12 on page 5-46 includes attack offensive operation symbols. An *attack* is a type of offensive operation that destroys or defeats enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both (ADP 3-90). Demonstrations and feints, while forms of attack, are also associated with the conduct of military deception operations. (See JP 3-13 for more information on attacks.) 5-31. Table 5-13, on pages 5-47 through 5-48 includes enabling operation symbols. Enabling operations apply to all elements of decisive action, and related military symbols usage is described in ADP
3-90.

Enabling operations include security, reconnaissance, relief in place, and passage of lines. 5-32. Table 5-14, on page 5-49, includes retrograde operation symbols. Retrograde applies to the elements of decisive action under defensive operations.

Retrograde-related military symbols usage is described in ADP 3-90. Retrograde includes delay, withdraw, and retirement.

## Observation Post Control Measures

5-33. An observation post is a position from which military observations are made, or fire directed and adjusted, and which possesses appropriate communications. Table 5-15 on page 5-50 lists the observation post control measures.

## Military Deception Control Measures

5-34. *Military deception* is actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military, paramilitary, or violent extremist organization decision makers, thereby causing the adversary to take specific actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly mission (JP 3-13.4). Military deception control measures are designed to identify actions executed to mislead the enemy by manipulation, distortion, or falsification of evidence to induce the enemy to react in a manner prejudicial to the enemy's interests. Table 5-16 on pages 5-51 and 5-52 demonstrates the military deception icon symbol usage construct.

## Airspace Control Measures

5-35. Airspace control measures are the capabilities and procedures used to increase operational effectiveness by promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace. (See JP 3-52 for more information on airspace control measures.) Airspace control measures are used to segregate, control, and reserve airspace for operations. Airspace control measures are also used to
- Enhance the effectiveness of accomplishing the commander's objectives. - Prevent mutual interference.

- Facilitate air defense identification. - Prevent fratricide. - Help in safely accommodating the flow of all air traffic in the area of operations.
on airspace control and associated military symbol doctrine.

## Fire Support Coordination Control Measures

5-36. Fire support coordination measures are employed by land or amphibious commanders to facilitate the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Fire support coordination control measures should be labeled with the abbreviation of the control measures, the controlling headquarters (Field T), and the effective times (Fields W and W1). Lines should have this labeling on both ends of the line and repeated as often as necessary for clarity along any line that passes through boundaries. Table 5-18 on pages 5-61 through 5-65 lists fire support coordination control measure symbols. (See JP 3-0, FM 3-09, and ATP 3-52.1 for additional information on fire support coordination measures and associated military symbol doctrine.)

## Target Control Measures

5-37. A target is the object of a particular action, for example a geographic area, a complex, an installation, a force, equipment, an individual, a group or a system, planned for capture, exploitation, neutralization, or destruction by military forces. Table 5-19 on pages 5-66 through 5-69 lists target control measures symbols. (See FM 3-09 for additional information on target control measures and associated military symbol doctrine.)

## Target Acquisition Control Measures

5-38. *Target acquisition* is the detection, identification, and location of a target in sufficient detail to permit the effective employment of capabilities that create the required effects (JP 3-60). (See ATP 3-09.12 for additional information on field artillery target acquisition systems and associated military symbol doctrine.) Table 5-20 on pages 5-70 through 5-76 lists target acquisition control measure symbols.

## Mobility And Countermobility Control Measures

5-39. Mobility and countermobility are subordinate tasks within the movement and maneuver warfighting function. Mobility and countermobility are complementary opposites. Mobility is focused on friendly force movement and maneuver, and countermobility is focused on affecting or thwarting enemy mobility. (See ADP 3-90 and FM 3-90-1 for additional information on mobility and countermobility control measures.)

## Mobility

5-40. *Mobility* is a quality or capability of military forces which permits them to move from place to place while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission (JP 3-36). Table 5-21 on pages 5-77 through 5-79 lists mobility related control measure symbols. (See ATP 3-90.4 for additional information on mobility and associated military symbol doctrine.)

## Countermobility

5-41. Countermobility operations are those combined arms activities that use or enhance the effects of natural and manmade obstacles to deny enemy freedom of movement and maneuver, and they include proper obstacle integration with the maneuver plan, adherence to obstacle emplacement authority, and positive obstacle control. An *obstacle* is any natural or man-made obstruction designed or employed to disrupt, fix, turn, or block the movement of an opposing force, and to impose additional losses in personnel, time, and equipment on the opposing force (JP 3-15). Table 5-22 on pages 5-80 through 5-85 lists countermobility symbols and control measures. (See ATP 3-90.8 for additional information on countermobility and associated military symbol doctrine.)

## Land Mine And Minefield Control Measures

5-42. A land mine is a munition on or near the ground or other surface area that is designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity, or contact of a person or vehicle, and a minefield is an area which is dangerous because of the presence or suspected presence of land mines. (See JP 3-15 for more information on land mines.) Table 5-23 on pages 5-86 through 5-88 lists land min symbols and minefield control measure symbols. The listed minefield control measures in table 5-20 includes a modifier field to permit the use of mine modifiers found in table 5-23, and also have the option to use amplifier fields "H", "N", and "W" listed in table 5-2 (on page 5-4).

## Minefield Sector 1 Modifiers

5-43. Minefield sector 1 modifiers are used with minefield control measure symbols to identify type of minefield. Table 5-24, on pages 5-90 through 5-93, provides minefield sector 1 modifiers that can be used in minefield control measure symbols in table 5-23. 5-44. A field fortification is an emplacement or shelter of a temporary nature, constructed with reasonable facility by units requiring no more than minor engineer supervisory and equipment participation. Table 5-25 on page 5-94 lists field fortification obstacle control measure symbols.

## Cbrn Events Control Measures

5-45. CBRN events control measure symbols depict those conditions found in an area resulting from immediate or persisting effects of CBRN attacks or events. A warning system formats, processes, and broadcasts CBRN event plumes symbols to provide common operational picture effects throughout the operational environment. Table 5-26 on 5-96 through 5-97 depicts CBRN events control measure symbols. Table 5-27 on pages 5-98 and 5-99 depicts CBRN contaminated area control measures. (See ATP 3-11.36 and ATP 3-11.37 for additional information on CBRN planning, reconnaissance, and associated military symbol doctrine.)

## Route Control Measures

5-46. A *route* is the prescribed course to be traveled from a specific point of origin to a specific destination (FM 3-90-1). Routes may have different designated functions to effectively support freedom of movement. The commander may designate specific functions, restrictions, names, numbers, or alphanumeric designations to area of operations routes. Table 5-28 on pages 5-100 through 5-101 lists generic routes and sustainment route control measures.

## Convoy Control Measures

5-47. A *convoy* is a group of vehicles organized for the purpose of control and orderly movement with or without escort protection that moves over the same route at the same time and under one commander (JP 3-02). Table 5-29 on page 5-102 lists convoy control measure symbols.

## Maritime Control Measures

5-48. The U.S. Army has maritime sustainment vessels that use maritime control measures to direct actions by establishing responsibilities, preventing ships, units, or aircraft from impeding one another, and imposing necessary coordination. Table 5-30 includes the harbor entrance point maritime control measure symbols currently used in U.S. Army doctrine. (See MIL-STD 2525D for more joint maritime control measures.)

## Chapter 6 Tactical Mission Tasks

This chapter provides symbols for tactical mission tasks.

## Tactical Mission Tasks Defined

6-1. A task is a clearly defined and measurable activity accomplished by individuals or organizations. A tactical mission task is a specific activity performed by a unit while executing a form of tactical operation or form of maneuver. A tactical mission task may be expressed as either an action by a friendly force or an effect on an enemy force (FM 3-90-1). The tactical mission tasks describe the results or effects commanders want to achieve.

## Symbols For Tactical Mission Tasks

6-2. Table 6-1 on pages 6-2 through 6-7 shows the tactical mission tasks that have symbols. Not all tactical mission tasks have symbols. Tactical mission task symbols can be used with unit symbols, but they do not have modifiers. Tactical mission task symbols are used in course of action sketches, synchronization matrices, and maneuver sketches. They do not replace any part of the operation order. Tactical mission task symbols are sized to accommodate the scale of the display or map being used.

## Chapter 7 Course Of Action Sketch

This chapter discusses the purpose and makeup of a course of action sketch.

## Purpose Of Course Of Action Sketch

7-1. A *course of action* is a scheme developed to accomplish a mission (JP 5-0). Developing, analyzing, and deciding on a course of action for execution is central to planning. Part of course of action development is to produce a course of action statement and sketch. The staff prepares a course of action statement and supporting sketch for each course of action under consideration. A Course of action statement clearly describes the array of forces and the sequence of tasks the unit will conduct to accomplish the mission. The statement should be a brief expression of how the combined arms concept will be conducted. The course of action sketch is the graphic portrayal of the course of action statement. The sketch provides a picture of the movement and maneuver aspects of the concept, including positioning of forces. (See FM 6-0 for a detailed discussion of the military decision-making process, including course of action development.)

## Makeup Of Course Of Action Sketch

7-2. The course of action sketch provides a picture of the movement and maneuver aspects of the concept, including the positioning of forces. The course of action sketch becomes the basis for the operation overlay. At a minimum, the course of action sketch includes the array of generic forces and control measures, including
- Unit and subordinate unit boundaries.

- Unit movement formations (but not subordinate unit formations). - Reconnaissance and security graphics. - Ground and air axes of advance. - Assembly areas, battle positions, strong points, engagement areas, and objectives. - Obstacle control measures and tactical mission graphics. - Fire support coordination and airspace control measures. - Main effort. - Location
of
command
posts
and
critical
communication nodes. - Enemy locations, known or template. - Population concentrations.
7-3. Most symbols for use on the course of action sketch are shown in chapters 2 through 7. However, the unit symbols do not provide decision makers with a quick and easy method of portraying detailed information relating to task organization, composition, or combat effectiveness. Task organization composition symbols portray detailed information for course of action sketches.

## Task Organization Composition Symbols

7-4. Part of course of action development includes determining relative combat power and arraying forces to accomplish the primary tasks envisioned during action. After arraying forces, planners then group these forces underneath a generic headquarters representing the initial task organization. The initial task organization for each generic unit is portrayed in a task organization composition symbol. 7-5. Task organization composition symbols are constructed using a rectangular frame, main and modifier icons, and amplifiers. Figure 7-1 depicts main icon and amplifier fields. The main icons and amplifiers have specific field placement guidelines that follow current military symbol standards.

## Task Organization Main And Modifier Icons

7-6. In all cases, task organization icons are the same as unit main and modifier icons and amplifiers. Table 7-1 shows the most commonly used main and modifier icons in their appropriate configurations.

## Combat Effectiveness Icons

7-7. During course of action analysis and war gaming, the staff can track the combat effectiveness of units using combat effectiveness icons in task organization composition symbols. Combat effectiveness refers to the ability of a unit to perform its mission. Factors such as ammunition, personnel, status of fuel, and weapons systems availability are assessed and rated. Commanders use this information to provide a net assessment of a unit's ability to perform its mission. This assessment can then be expressed graphically using combat effectiveness icons. Table 7-2 on page 7-5 shows two sets of combat effectiveness icons, which may be also used with task organization composition symbols. 7-8. Table 7-2 (page 7-5) depicts combat effectiveness icons for the overall combat rating of a unit in the center column. Table 7-2 specifies combat effectiveness icons for the status of selected items of interest in the right column. The four selected items shown in the right column are ammunition; weapons; petroleum, oils, and lubricants; and personnel. Standard operating procedures will specify the items of interest to be reported. Commanders may add to this list for internal reporting and tracking.

## Example Of A Task Organization Composition Symbol

7-9. Figure 7-2 on page 7-6 depicts a generic example of a task force task organization composition symbol for a battalion task force.

## Glossary

The glossary lists acronyms and terms with Army and joint definitions. The proponent publication for terms is listed in parentheses after the definition.

## Section I - Acronyms And Abbreviations

ADP
Army doctrine publication
AFTTP
Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures
APP
Allied procedural publication
ATP
Army techniques publication
CBRN
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
DA
Department of the Army
DD
Department of Defense (forms)
DOD
Department of Defense
ED
edition
ENY
enemy
FM
field manual
JP
joint publication
kph
kilometers per hour
kts
knots per hour
MCRP
Marine Corps reference publication
MCTP
Marine Corps training publication
MCWP
Marine Corps warfighting publication
MIL-STD
military standard
mph
miles per hour
mps
meters per second
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NTTP
Navy tactics, techniques, and procedures
STANAG
standardization agreement
SBCT
Stryker brigade combat team
TC
training circular
TM
technical manual
U.S.
United States

## Section Ii - Terms

air and missile defense Direct [active and passive] defensive actions taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air and ballistic missile threats against friendly forces and assets. (JP 3-01)
air assault The movement of friendly assault forces by rotary-wing or tiltrotor aircraft to engage and destroy enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. (JP 3-18)
air corridor A restricted air route of travel specified for use by friendly aircraft and established for the purpose of preventing friendly aircraft from being fired on by friendly forces. (JP 3-52)
air defense Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or aerodynamic missiles, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. (JP 3-01)
airfield An area prepared for the accommodation (including any buildings, installations, and equipment), landing, and takeoff of aircraft. (JP 3-36)
airhead line A line denoting the limits of the objective area for an airborne assault. (JP 3-18)

## Airspace Coordination Area A Three-Dimensional Block Of Airspace In A Target Area,

established by the appropriate commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. (JP 3-09.3)
alternate supply route A route or routes designated within an area of operations to provide for the movement of traffic when main supply routes become disabled or congested. (FM 4-01)
ambulance exchange point A location where a patient is transferred from one ambulance to another en route to a medical treatment facility. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambulance loading point This is the point in the shuttle system where one or more ambulances are stationed ready to receive patients for evacuation. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambulance relay point A point in the shuttle system where one or more empty ambulances are stationed to advance to a loading point or to the next relay post to replace departed ambulances. (ATP 4-02.2)
ambush An attack by fire or other destructive means from concealed positions on a moving or temporarily halted enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
ammunition supply point An ammunition support activity operated by one or more modular ammunition platoons. (ATP 4-35)
ammunition transfer holding point A designated site operated by a brigade support battalion distribution company where ammunition is received, transferred, or temporarily stored to supported units within a brigade combat team. (ATP 4-35)
amphibious warfare ship A combatant ship having organic capability to embark, land, and support landing forces in amphibious operations and which has characteristics enabling long-duration operations on the high seas. (JP 3-02)
area of operations An operational area defined by a commander for land and maritime forces that should be large enough to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. (JP 3-0)
artillery target intelligence zone A weapons locating radar search area in enemy territory that the commander monitors closely to detect and report any weapon ahead of all acquisitions other than those from critical friendly zones or call for fire zones.

assault position A covered and concealed position short of the objective from which final preparations are made to assault the objective. (ADP 3-90)

## Assembly Area An Area A Unit Occupies To Prepare For An Operation.

attack A type of offensive operation that destroys or defeats enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both. (ADP 3-90)

## Attack By Fire Definition.

attack position
(Army) The last position an attacking force occupies or passes through before crossing the line of departure. (ADP 3-90)
axis of advance The general area through which the bulk of a unit's combat power must move. (ADP 3-90
base camp An evolving military facility that supports the military operations of a deployed unit and provides the necessary support and services for sustained operations. (ATP 3-37.10)
base defense zone An air defense zone established around an air base and limited to the engagement envelope of short-range air defense weapons systems defending that base. (JP 3-52)

## Battalion A Unit Consisting Of Two Or More Company-, Battery-, Or Troop-

size units and a headquarters. (ADP 3-90)
battery A company-size unit in a field artillery or air defense artillery battalion. (ADP 3-90)
battle handover line A designated phase line where responsibility transitions from the stationary force to the moving force and vice versa. (ADP 3-90)
battle position A defensive location oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach. (ADP 3-90)
biological agent A microorganism (or a toxin derived from it) that cause disease in personnel, plants, or animals or causes the deterioration of materiel. (JP 3-11)
block A tactical mission task that denies the enemy access to an area or prevents the enemy's advance in a direction or along an avenue of approach. Block is also an obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle efforts to stop an attacker along a specific avenue of approach or prevent the attacking force from passing through an engagement area. (FM 3-90-1)
blue kill box A fire support and airspace coordination measure that facilitates attacking surface targets with air-to-surface munitions without further coordination with the area of operations commanders' headquarters. (ATP 3-09.34)
boundary A line that delineates surface areas for the purpose of facilitating coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas. (JP 3-0)
breach A tactical mission task in which the unit employs all available means to break through or establish a passage through an enemy defense, obstacle, minefield, or fortification. (FM 3-90-1)
brigade A unit consisting of two or more battalions and a headquarters company or detachment. (ADP 3-90)
bypass A tactical mission task in which the commander directs the unit to maneuver around an obstacle, position, or enemy force to maintain the momentum of the operation while deliberately avoiding combat with an enemy force. (FM 3-90-1)
call for fire zone A weapons locating radar search area from which the commander wants to attack hostile firing systems. (FM 3-09)
canalize
(Army) A tactical mission task in which the commander restricts enemy movement to a narrow zone by exploiting terrain coupled with the use of obstacles, fires, or friendly maneuver. (FM 3-90-1)
casualty collection point A location that may or may not be staffed, where casualties are assembled for evacuation to a medical treatment facility. (ATP 4-02.2)
censor zone An area from which the weapons locating radar is prohibited from reporting acquisitions. (FM 3-09)
chemical agent A chemical substance that is intended for use in military operations to kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate, mainly through physiological effects. (JP 3-11)
civil affairs Designated Active and Reserve Component forces and units organized, trained, and equipped specifically to conduct civil affairs operations and to support civil-military operations. (JP 3-57)
civil-military cooperation
(NATO) A joint function comprising a set of capabilities integral to supporting the achievement of mission objectives and enabling NATO commands to participate effectively in a broad spectrum of civil-military interaction with diverse nonmilitary actors. (APP 6[D])
clear A tactical mission task that requires the commander to remove all enemy forces and eliminate organized resistance within an assigned area. (FM 3-90-1)
combatant command A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (JP 1)
combat outpost A reinforced observation post capable of conducting limited combat operations. (FM 3-90-2)
command and control The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. (JP 1)
common sensor boundary A line depicted by a series of grid coordinates, grid line, phase line, or major terrain feature that divides target acquisition search areas into radar acquisition management areas. (FM 3-09)
company A unit consisting of two or more platoons, usually of the same type, with a headquarters and a limited capacity for selfsupport. (ADP 3-90)
contact point In land warfare, a point on the terrain, easily identifiable, where two or more units are required to make contact. (JP 3-50)
contain
(Army) A tactical mission task that requires the commander to stop, hold, or surround enemy forces or to cause them to center their activity on a given front and prevent them from withdrawing any part of their forces for use elsewhere. (FM 3-90-1)
control
1. A tactical mission task that requires the commander to maintain physical influence over a specified area to prevent its use by an enemy or to create conditions necessary for successful friendly operations. (FM 3-90-1) 2. An action taken to eliminate a hazard or reduce its risk. (ATP 5-19)
convoy A group of vehicles organized for the purpose of control and orderly movement with or without escort protection that moves over the same route at the same time and under one commander. (JP 3-02)
coordinated fire line A line beyond which conventional surface-to-surface direct fire and indirect fire support means may fire at any time within the boundaries of the establishing headquarters without additional coordination but does not eliminate the responsibility to coordinate the airspace required to conduct the mission. (JP 3-09)
cordon and search A technique of conducting a movement to contact that involves isolating a target area and searching suspect locations within that target area to capture or destroy possible enemy forces and contraband. (FM 3-90-1)
corps An echelon of command and tactical formation that employs divisions, multi-functional brigades, and functional brigades to achieve objectives on land. (ADP 3-90)
counterattack Attack by part or all of a defending force against an enemy attacking force, for such specific purposes as regaining ground lost, or cutting off or destroying an enemy advance units, and with the general objective of denying to the enemy the attainment of the enemy's purpose in attacking. In sustained defensive operations, it is undertaken to restore the battle position and is directed at limited objectives. (FM 1-02.1)

## Course Of Action A Scheme Developed To Accomplish A Mission. (Jp 5-0)

cover
(Army) A type of security operation done independent of the main body to protect them by fighting to gain time while preventing enemy ground observation of and direct fire against the main body. (ADP 3-90)
crew A small military unit that consists of all personnel operating a particular system. (ADP 3-90)
critical friendly zone A friendly area of coverage employed by weapons locating radar which the maneuver commander designates as critical to the protection of an asset whose loss would seriously jeopardize the mission. (FM 3-09)
cyberspace operations The employment of cyberspace capabilities where the primary purpose is to achieve objectives in or through cyberspace. (JP 3-0)
decision point A point in space and time when the commander or staff anticipates making a key decision concerning a specific course of action. (JP 5-0)
decontamination The process of making any person, object, or area safe by destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, or absorbing and removing chemical or biological agents, or by removing radioactive material clinging to or around it. (JP 3-11)
delay When a force under pressure trades space for time by slowing down the enemy's momentum and inflicting maximum damage on enemy forces without becoming decisively engaged. (ADP 3-90)
delay line A phase line where the date and time before which the enemy is not allowed to cross the phase line is depicted as part of the graphic control measure. (FM 3-90-1)

## Demonstration In Military Deception, A Show Of Force Similar To A Feint Without

actual contact with the adversary, in an area where a decision is not sought that is made to deceive an adversary. (JP 3-13.4)
destroy A tactical mission task that physically renders an enemy force combat ineffective until it is reconstituted. Alternatively, to destroy a combat system is to damage it so badly that it cannot perform any function or be restored to a usable condition without being entirely rebuilt. (FM 3-90-1)
detachment A tactical element organized on either a temporary or permanent basis for special duties. (ADP 3-90)
detainee holding area A
facility or other location where detainees are administratively processed and provided custodial care pending disposition and subsequent release, transfer, or movement to a theater detention facility. (JP 3-63)
direction finding A procedure for obtaining bearings of radio frequency emitters by using a highly directional antenna and a display unit on an intercept receiver or ancillary equipment. (JP 3-85)
direction of attack A specific direction or assigned route a force uses and does not deviate from when attacking. (ADP 3-90)
direction of fire The direction on which a fire unit is laid to the most significant threat in the target area, to the chart direction to the center of the zone of fire, or to the target. (ATP 3-09.50)
disengage A tactical mission task where a commander has the unit break contact with the enemy to allow the conduct of another mission or to avoid decisive engagement. (FM 3-90-1)
disrupt
1. A tactical mission task in which a commander integrates direct and indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy's formation or tempo, interrupt the enemy's timetable, or cause enemy forces to commit prematurely or attack in a piecemeal fashion. 2. An obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to cause the enemy force to break up its formation and tempo, interrupt its timetable, commit breaching assets prematurely, and attack in a piecemeal effort. (FM 3-90-1)
division An echelon of command and tactical formation that employs brigade combat teams, multi-functional brigades, and functional brigades to achieve objectives on land. (ADP 3-90)
drop zone A specific area upon which airborne troops, equipment, or supplies are airdropped. (JP 3-36)
encirclement operations Operations where one force loses its freedom of maneuver because an opposing force is able to isolate it by controlling all ground lines of communications and reinforcement. (ADP 3-90)
engagement area An area where the commander intends to contain and destroy an enemy force with the massed effects of all available weapons and supporting systems. (ADP 3-90)
engineer work line A
coordinated boundary or phase line used to compartmentalize an area of operations to indicate where specific engineer units have primary responsibility for the engineer effort. (FM 3-34)
exfiltrate A tactical mission task where a commander removes Soldiers or units from areas under enemy control by stealth, deception, surprise or clandestine means. (FM 3-90-1)
explosive ordnance disposal
(DOD) The detection, identification, on-side evaluation, rendering safe, recover, and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. (JP 3-42)
feint In military deception, an offensive action involving contact with the adversary conducted for the purpose of deceiving the adversary as to the location and/or time of the actual main offensive action. (JP 3-13.4)
field artillery Equipment, supplies, ammunition, and personnel involved in the use of cannon, rocket, or surface-to-surface missile launchers. (JP 3-09)
final coordination line A phase line close to the enemy position used to coordinate the lifting or shifting of supporting fires with the final deployment of maneuver elements. (ADP 3-90)
final protective fires An immediately available prearranged barrier of fire designed to impede enemy movement across defensive lines or areas. (JP 3-09.3)
fire direction center That element of a command post, consisting of gunnery and communications personnel and equipment, by means of which the commander exercises fire direction and/or fire control. (JP 3-09.3)
fire support area An appropriate maneuver area assigned to fire support ships by the naval force commander from which they can deliver gunfire support to an amphibious operation. (JP 3-09)
fire support coordination line A fire support coordination measure established by the land or amphibious force commander to support common objectives within an area of operation; beyond which all fires must be coordinated with affected commanders prior to engagement, and short of the line, all fires must be coordinated with the establishing commander prior to engagement. (JP 3-09)
fire support station An exact location at sea within which a fire support ship delivers fire. (JP 3-02)
fix A tactical mission task where a commander prevents the enemy force from moving any part of that force from a specific location for a specific period. Fix is also an obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to slow an attacker's movement within a specified area, normally an engagement area. (FM 3-90-1)
follow and assume A tactical mission task in which a second committed force follows a force conducting an offensive task and is prepared to continue the mission if the lead force is fixed, attrited, or unable to continue. (FM 3-90-1)
forms of maneuver Distinct tactical combinations of fire and movement within a unique set of doctrinal characteristics that differs primarily in the relationship between the maneuvering force and the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
forward arming and refueling point A temporary facility, organized, equipped, and deployed to provide fuel and ammunition necessary for the employment of aviation maneuver units in combat. (JP 3-09.3)
forward edge of the battle area The foremost limits of a series of areas in which ground combat units are deployed to coordinate fire support, the positioning of forces, or the maneuver of units, excluding areas in which covering or screening forces are operating. (JP 3-09.3)
forward line of own troops A line which indicates the most forward positions of friendly forces in any kind of military operation at a specific time. (JP 3-03)
forward observer An observer operating with front line troops and trained to adjust ground and naval gunfire and pass back battlefield information. (JP 3-09)
forward passage of lines Occurs when a unit passes through another unit's positions while moving toward the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
free-fire area A specific area into which any weapon system may fire without additional coordination with the establishing headquarters. (JP 3-09)

## Gap

An area free of armed mines or obstacles whose width and direction allow a friendly force to pass through while dispersed in a tactical formation. (FM 1-02.1)
general engineering Those engineering capabilities and activities, other than combat engineering, that provide infrastructure and modify, maintain, or protect the physical environment. (JP 3-34)
geospatial information Information that identifies the geographic location and characteristics of natural or constructed features and boundaries on the Earth, including: statistical data and information derived from, among other things, remote sensing, mapping, and surveying technologies; and mapping, charting, geodetic data and related products. (JP 2-03)
guard A type of security operation done to protect the main body by fighting to gain time while preventing enemy ground observation of and direct fire against the main body. (ADP 3-90)
guerrilla An irregular, predominantly indigenous member of a guerrilla force organized similar to military concepts and structure in order to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory. (ATP 3-05.1)
high-altitude missile engagement zone In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats normally rests with high-altitude surface-to-air missiles. (JP 3-01)
high-density airspace control zone Airspace designated in an airspace control plan or airspace control order in which there is a concentrated employment of numerous and varied weapons and airspace users. (JP 3-52)
infiltration
(Army) A form of maneuver in which an attacking force conducts undetected movement through or into an area occupied by enemy forces to occupy a position of advantage in the enemy rear while exposing only small elements to enemy defensive fires. (FM 3-90-1)
infiltration lane A control measure that coordinates forward and lateral movement of infiltrating units and fixes fire planning responsibilities. (FM 3-90-1)
information operations The integrated employment, during military operations, of information related capabilities in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own. (JP 3-13)
interdict A tactical mission task where the commander prevents, disrupts, or delays the enemy's use of an area or route. (FM 3-90-1)
intermodal Type of international freight system that permits transshipping among sea, highway, rail, and air modes of transportation through use of American National Standards Institute and International Organization for Standardization containers, line haul assets, and handling equipment. (JP 4-09)
isolate To separate a force from its sources of support in order to reduce its effectiveness and increase its vulnerability to defeat. (ADP 3-0)
isolated personnel United States military, Department of Defense civilians and contractor personnel (and others designated by the President or Secretary of Defense) who are separated from their unit (as an individual or a group) while participating in a United States sponsored military activity or mission and are, or may be, in a situation where they must survive, evade, resist, or escape. (JP 3-50)
joint engagement zone In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which multiple air defense systems (surface-to-air missiles and aircraft) are simultaneously employed to engage air threats. (JP 3-01)
key terrain
(Army) An identifiable characteristic whose seizures or retention affords a marked advantage to either combatant. (ADP 3-90)

## Landing Zone Any Specified Zone Used For The Landing Of Aircraft. (Jp 3-36)

limit of advance A phase line used to control forward progress of the attack. (ADP 3-90)
line of contact A general trace delineating the locations where friendly and enemy forces are engaged. (ADP 3-90)
line of departure In land warfare, a line designated to coordinate the departure of attack elements. (JP 3-31)
linkup point The point where two infiltrating elements in the same or different infiltration lanes are scheduled to meet to consolidate before proceeding on with their missions. (FM 3-90-1)
low-altitude missile engagement zone In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats normally rests with low- to medium-altitude surface-to-air missiles. (JP 3-01)
low-level transit route A temporary corridor of defined dimensions established in the forward area to minimize the risk to friendly aircraft from friendly air defenses or surface forces. (JP 3-52)
main command post A facility containing the majority of the staff designated to control current operations, conduct detailed analysis, and plan future operations. (FM 6-0)

## Main Supply Route The Route Or Routes Designated Within An Operational Area Upon

which the bulk of traffic flows in support of military operations. (JP 4-01.5)
maintenance collection point A temporary location established within the battalion echelon for the collection of equipment needing or undergoing field maintenance. (ATP 4-33)
maneuver The employment of forces in the operational area, through movement in combination with fires and information, to achieve a position of advantage in respect to the enemy. (JP 3-0)
medical evacuation The timely and effective movement of the wounded, injured, or ill to and between medical treatment facilities on dedicated and properly marked medical platforms with en route care provided by medical personnel. (ATP 4-02.2)
medical treatment facility A facility established for the purpose of furnishing medical and/or dental care to eligible individuals. (JP 4-02) (Army) Any facility established for the purpose of providing medical treatment. This includes battalion aid stations, Role 2 facilities, dispensaries, clinics, and hospitals. (FM 4-02)
military deception Actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military, paramilitary, or violent extremist organization decision makers, thereby causing the adversary to take specific actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly mission. (JP 3-13.4)
minefield In land warfare, an area of ground containing mines emplaced with or without a pattern. (JP 3-15)
minimum-risk route A temporary corridor of defined dimensions recommended for use by high speed, fixed-wing aircraft that presents the minimum known hazards to low-flying aircraft transiting the combat zone. (JP 3-52)

## Missile Defense

Defense measures designed to destroy attacking enemy missiles, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. (JP 3-01)
missile engagement zone In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats normally rests with surface-to-air missile systems. (JP 3-01)
mobility A quality or capability of military forces which permits them to move from place to place while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission. (JP 3-36)
mortuary affairs Provides for the search, recovery, identification, preparation, and disposition of human remains of persons for whom the Services are responsible by status and executive order. (JP 4-0)
movement The positioning of combat power to establish the conditions for maneuver. (ADP 3-90)
movement to contact
(Army) A type of offensive operation designed to develop the situation and to establish or regain contact. (ADP 3-90)
multinational Between two or more forces or agencies of two or more nations or coalition partners. (JP 5-0)
named area of interest The geospatial area or systems node or link against which information that will satisfy a specific information requirement can be collected, usually to capture indications of adversary courses of action. (JP 2-01.3)
neutralize To render enemy personnel or material incapable of interfering with a particular operation. (JP 3-0)
no-fire area An area designated by the appropriate commander into which fires or their effects are prohibited. (JP 3-09.3)
objective area A geographical area, defined by competent authority, within which is located an objective to be captured or reached by the military forces. (JP 3-06)
observation post A position from which military observations are made, or fire directed and adjusted, and which possesses appropriate communications. While aerial observers and sensor systems are extremely useful, those systems do not constitute aerial observation post. (FM 3-90-2)
obstacle belt A brigade-level command and control measure, normally depicted graphically, to show where within an obstacle zone the ground tactical commander plans to limit friendly obstacle employment and focus the defense. (JP 3-15)
obstacle restricted area A command and control measure used to limit the type or number of obstacles within an area. (JP 3-15)
obstacle zone A division-level command and control measure to designate specific land areas where lower echelons are allowed to employ tactical obstacles. (JP 3-15)
occupy A tactical mission task that involves a force moving a friendly force into an area so that it can control that area. Both the force's movement to and occupation of the area occur without enemy opposition. (FM 3-90-1)
passage lane A lane through an enemy or friendly obstacle that provides a safe passage for a passing force. (FM 3-90-2)
passage of lines An operation in which a force moves forward or rearward through another force's combat positions with the intention of moving into or out of contact with the enemy. (JP 3-18)
passage point A specifically designated place where the passing units will pass through the stationary unit. (FM 3-90-2)
personnel services Sustainment functions that man and fund the force, maintain Soldier and family readiness, promote the moral and ethical values of the nation, and enable the fighting qualities of the Army. (ADP 4-0)
phase line An easily identified feature in the operational area utilized for control and coordination of military operations. (JP 3-09)
platoon A subdivision of a company or troop consisting of two or more squads or sections. (ADP 3-90)
point of departure The point where the unit crosses the line of departure and begins moving along a direction of attack. (ADP 3-90)
position area for artillery An area assigned to an artillery unit where individual artillery systems can maneuver to increase their survivability. A position area for artillery is not an area of operations for the artillery unit occupying it. (FM 3-90-1)
probable line of deployment A phase line that designates the location where the commander intends to deploy the unit into assault formation before beginning the assault. (ADP 3-90)
public affairs Communication activities with external and internal audiences. (JP 3-61)
purple kill box A fire support and airspace coordination measure that facilitates attacking surface targets with subsurface-to-surface, surface-to-surface, and air-to-surface munitions without further coordination with the area of operation commander's headquarters. (ATP 3-09.34)
rally point
(Army) An easily identifiable point on the ground at which units can reassemble and reorganize if they become dispersed. (ATP 3-21.20)
Rangers Rapidly deployable airborne light infantry organized and trained to conduct highly complex joint direct action operations in coordination with or in support of other special operations units of all Services. (JP 3-05)
rearward passage of lines Occurs when a unit passes through another unit's positions while moving away from the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
recovery Actions taken to extricate damaged or disabled equipment for return to friendly control or repair at another location. (JP 3-34)
release point A location on a route where marching elements are released from centralized control. (FM 3-90-2)
relief in place An operation in which, by direction of higher authority, all or part of a unit is replaced in an area by the incoming unit and the responsibilities of the replaced elements for the mission and the assigned zone of operations are transferred to the incoming unit. (JP 3-07.3)
restrictive fire area A location in which specific restrictions are imposed and into which fires that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the establishing headquarters. (JP 3-09)
restrictive fire line A specific boundary established between converging, friendly surface forces that prohibits fires or their effects from crossing. (JP 3-09)
restricted operations zone Airspace reserved for specific activities in which the operations of one or more airspace users is restricted. (JP 3-52)
retain A tactical mission task in which the commander ensures that a terrain feature controlled by a friendly force remains free of enemy occupation or use. (FM 3-90-1)
retirement When a force out of contact moves away from the enemy. (ADP 3-90)
route The prescribed course to be traveled from a specific point of origin to a specific destination. (FM 3-90-1)
screen A type of security operation that primarily provides early warning to the protected force. (ADP 3-90)
SEAL team United States Navy forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct special operations with an emphasis on maritime, coastal, and riverine environments. (JP 3-05)
search A systematic reconnaissance of a defined area, so that all parts of the area have passed within visibility. (JP 3-50)
search and rescue The use of aircraft, surface craft, submarines, and specialized rescue teams and equipment to search for and rescue distressed persons on land or at sea in a permissive environment. (JP 3-50)
search and rescue points A predesignated specific location, relative to which isolated personnel provide their position to recovery forces. (JP 3-50)
section A tactical unit of the Army and Marine Corps smaller than a platoon and larger than a squad. (ADP 3-90)
secure A tactical mission task that involves preventing a unit, facility, or geographical location from being damaged or destroyed as a result of enemy action. (FM 3-90-1)
security Measures taken by a military unit, activity, or installation to protect itself against all acts designed to, or which may, impair its effectiveness. (JP 3-10)

## Security Force Assistance

The Department of Defense activities that support the development of the capacity and capability of foreign security forces and their supporting institutions. (JP 3-20)
security operations Those operations performed by commanders to provide early and accurate warning of enemy operations, to provide the forces being protected with time and maneuver space within which to react to the enemy, and to develop the situation to allow commanders to effectively use their protected forces. (ADP 3-90)
seize A tactical mission task that involves taking possession of a designated area using overwhelming force (FM 3-90-1)
short-range air defense engagement zone In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats normally rests with short-range air defense weapons, and may be established within a low- or high-altitude missile engagement zone. (JP 3-01)
signals intelligence Intelligence derived from communications, electronic, and foreign instrumentation signals. (JP 2-0)
space forces The space and terrestrial systems, equipment, facilities, organizations, and personnel necessary to access, use and, if directed, control space for national security. (JP 3-14)
special forces United States Army forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct special operations with an emphasis on unconventional warfare capabilities. (JP 3-05)
special operations forces Those Active and Reserve Component forces of the Military Service designated by the Secretary of Defense and specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. (JP 3-05)

## Squad A Small Military Unit Typically Containing Two Or More Fire

teams. (ADP 3-90)
standard use Army aircraft flight route Route established below the coordination level to facilitate the movement of Army aviation assets; it is normally located in the corps through brigade rear areas of operation and does not require approval by the airspace control authority. (JP 3-52)
start point A location on a route where the march elements fall under the control of a designated march commander. (FM 3-90-2)
strong point A heavily battle position tied to a natural or reinforcing obstacle to create an anchor for the defense or to deny the enemy decisive or key terrain. (ADP 3-90)
supply
(Army) The process of providing all items necessary to equip, maintain, and operate a military command. (FM 1-02.1)
support
1. The action of a force that aids, protects, complements, or sustains another force in accordance with the directive requiring such action. 2. A unit that helps another unit in battle. 3. An element of a command that assists, protects, or supplies other forces in combat. (JP 1)
support area The portion of the commander's area of operations that is designated to facilitate the positioning employment, and protection of base sustainment assets required to sustain, enable, and control operations. (ADP 3-0)
support by fire A tactical mission task in which a maneuver force moves to a position where it can engage the enemy by direct fire in support of another maneuvering force. (FM 3-90-1)
suppress A tactical mission task that results in temporary degradation of the performance of a force or weapons system below the level needed to accomplish the mission. (FM 3-90-1)

## Surveillance

The systematic observation of aerospace, cyberspace, surface or subsurface areas, places, persons, or things by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. (JP 3-0)
sustainment
(joint) The provision of logistics and personnel services required to maintain and prolong operations until successful mission accomplishment. (JP 3-0) (Army) The provision of logistics, financial management, personnel services, and health service support necessary to maintain operations until successful mission completion. (ADP 4-0)
tactical command post A facility containing a tailored portion of a unit headquarters designed to control portions of an operation for a limited time. (FM 6-0)
tactical mission task A specific activity performed by a unit while executing a form of tactical operation or form of maneuver. A tactical mission task may be expressed as either an action by a friendly force or an effect on an enemy force. (FM 3-90-1)
target acquisition The detection, identification, and location of a target in sufficient detail to permit the effective employment of capabilities that create the required effects. (JP 3-60)
target area of interest The geographical area where high value targets can be acquired and engaged by friendly forces. (JP 2-01.3)
target number extension A sequentially assigned number identifying the individual elements in a target. (MIL-STD 6017)
target reference point A predetermined point of reference, normally a permanent structure or terrain feature that can be used when describing a target location. (JP 3-09.3)
task organization A temporary grouping of forces designed to accomplish a particular mission. (ADP 5-0)
theater The geographical area for which a commander of a geographic combatant command has been assigned responsibility. (JP 1)
theater army An echelon of command designated as the Army Service component command responsible for recommendations of allocations and employment of Army forces to the geographic combatant commander. (JP 3-31)
traffic control post A manned post that is used to preclude the interruption of traffic flow or movement along a designated route. (FM 3-39)
transportation A logistics function that includes movement control and associated activities to incorporate military, commercial, and multinational motor, rail, air, and water mode assets in the movement of units, personnel, equipment, and supplies in support of the concept of operations. (FM 1-02.1)

## Troop A Company-Size Unit In A Cavalry Organization. (Adp 3-90)

turn
1. A tactical mission task that involves forcing an enemy element from one avenue of approach or mobility corridor to another. 2. A tactical obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to divert an enemy formation from one avenue of approach to an adjacent avenue of approach or into an engagement area. (FM 3-90-1)
unit Any military element whose structure is prescribed by a competent authority. (JP 3-33)
unmanned aircraft system That system whose components include the necessary equipment, network, and personnel to control an unmanned aircraft. (JP 3-30)
weapon engagement zone In air and missile defense, airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with a particular weapon system. (JP 3-01)
weapons free zone An air defense zone established for the protection of key assets or facilities, other than air bases, where weapon systems may be fired at any target not positively recognized as friendly. (JP 3-01)

## References

All websites accessed on 7 March 2022.

## Required Publications

These documents must be available to intended users of this
publication.
DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. March 2022. FM 1-02.1. *Operational Terms.* 9 March 2021. MIL-STD 2525D. Department of Defense Interface Standard Joint
Military Symbology. 10 June 2014. Available at
www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/ Other_Pubs/ms_2525d.pdf.

## Related Publications

These documents contain relevant supplemental information.

## Department Of Defense And Joint Publications

Unless otherwise indicated, most Department of Defense
publications are available online at http:// www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/. Unless otherwise indicated, most joint publications are available online at http://www.jcs.mil/doctrine.
JP 1*. Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States.* 25 March
2013.
JP 2-0. *Joint Intelligence.* 22 October 2013. JP 2-01.2. (U)Counterintelligence and Human Intelligence in Joint
Operations. 6 April 2016. (On SIPRNET only.)
JP 2-01.3. Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational
Environment. 21 May 2014.
JP 2-03. *Geospatial Intelligence in Joint Operations. 5* July 2017. JP 3-0. *Joint Operations.* 17 January 2017. JP 3-01. *Countering Air and Missile Threats.* 21 April 2017. JP 3-02. *Amphibious Operations.* 4 January 2019. JP 3-03. *Joint Interdiction.* 9 September 2016. JP 3-05. *Joint Doctrine for Special Operations.* 22 September
2020.
JP 3-06. *Joint Urban Operations.* 20 November 2013. JP 3-07.3. *Peace Operations.* 1 March 2018. JP 3-08. *Interorganizational Cooperation.* 12 October 2016. JP 3-09. *Joint Fire Support.* 10 April 2019. JP 3-09.3. *Close Air Support.* 10 June 2019. JP 3-10. *Joint Security Operations in Theater.* 25 July 2019. JP 3-11. Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and
Nuclear Environments. 29 October 2018.
JP 3-13. *Information Operations.* 27 November 2012. JP 3-13.4. *Military Deception.* 14 February 2017. JP 3-14. *Space Operations.* 10 April 2018. JP 3-15. Barriers, Obstacles, and Mine Warfare for Joint
Operations. 6 September 2016.
JP 3-18. *Joint Forcible Entry Operations.* 27 June 2018. JP 3-20. *Security Cooperation.* 23 May 2017. JP 3-22. *Foreign Internal Defense.* 17 August 2018. JP 3-30. *Joint Air Operations.* 25 July 2019. JP 3-31. *Joint Land Operations.* 3 October 2019. JP 3-33. *Joint Task Force Headquarters.* 31 January 2018. JP 3-34. *Joint Engineer Operations.* 6 January 2016. JP 3-36. *Joint Air Mobility and Sealift Operations.* 4 January
2021.
JP 3-42. *Joint Explosive Ordnance Disposal.* 9 September 2016. JP 3-50. *Personnel Recovery. 2* October 2015. JP 3-52. *Joint Airspace Control.* 13 November 2014. JP 3-57. *Civil-Military Operations. 9* July 2018. JP 3-60. *Joint Targeting.* 28 September 2018. JP 3-61. *Public Affairs.* 17 November 2015. JP 3-63. *Detainee Operations.* 13 November 2014. JP 3-85. *Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations.* 22 May
2020.
JP 4-0. *Joint Logistics.* 4 February 2019. JP 4-01.5. *Joint Terminal Operations.* 2 November 2015. JP 4-02. *Joint Health Services.* 11 December 2017. JP 4-09. *Distribution Operations (U//FOUO).* 14 March 2019. JP 5-0. *Joint Planning.* 1 December 2020. JP 6-0. *Joint Communications System.* 10 June 2015. MIL-STD 6017. *Variable Message Format (VMF).* 22 January
2021.

## Army Publications

Unless otherwise indicated, most Army doctrinal publications are available online at https://armypubs.army.mil/.

ADP 3-0. *Operations.* 31 July 2019. ADP 3-37. *Protection.* 31 July 2019. ADP 3-90. *Offense and Defense.* 31 July 2019. ADP 4-0. *Sustainment.* 31 July 2019. ADP 5-0. *The Operations Process.* 31 July 2019. ATP 1-19. *Army Bands.* 28 July 2021.
ATP 2-22.7. Geospatial Intelligence. 26 March 2015.
ATP 3-04.1. *Aviation Tactical Employment.* 7 May 2020. ATP 3-05.1. Unconventional Warfare at the Combined Joint
Special Operations Task Force Level. 9 April 2021.
Common access card required.
ATP 3-05.60. *Special Operations Communications System.* 30
November 2015.
ATP 3-09.12. Field Artillery Counterfire and Weapons Locating
Radar Operations. 26 October 2021.
ATP 3-09.30. *Observed Fires.* 28 September 2017.
ATP 3-09.34/MCRP 3-31.4 [3-25H]/NTTP 3-09.2.1/AFTTP
3-2.59. Kill Box: Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Kill Box Planning and Employment. 18 June
2018.
ATP 3-09.50. *The Field Artillery Cannon Battery.* 4 May 2016. ATP 3-09.60. Techniques for Multiple Launch Rocket System
(MLRS) and High Mobility Artillery Rocket System
(HIMARS) Operations. 29 July 2020.
ATP 3-11.36/MCRP 10-10E.1/NTTP 3-11.34/AFTTP 3-2.70.
Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Planning.
24 September 2018.
ATP 3-11.37/MCRP 10-10E.7/NTTP 3-11.29/AFTTP 3-22.44).
Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Reconnaissance and Surveillance. 31 March 2021.
ATP 3-18.13. *Special Forces Use of Pack Animals.* 30 October
2014.
ATP 3-20.15/MCRP 3-10B.1. *Tank Platoon.* 3 July 2019. ATP 3-20.96. *Cavalry Squadron.* 12 May 2016. ATP 3-21.8. *Infantry Platoon and Squad.* 12 April 2016. ATP 3-21.10. *Infantry Rifle Company.* 14 May 2018. ATP 3-21.11. Stryker Brigade Combat Team Infantry Rifle
Company. 25 November 2020.
ATP 3-21.20. *Infantry Battalion.* 28 December 2017. ATP 3-21.21. *SBCT Infantry Battalion.* 18 March 2016. ATP 3-21.51. *Subterranean Operations.* 1 November 2019. ATP 3-21.90/MCTP 3-01D. Tactical Employment of Mortars. 9
October 2019.
ATP 3-21.91. *Stryker Brigade Combat Team Weapons Troop.* 11
May 2017.
ATP 3-27.5. AN/TPY-2 Forward Based Mode System Operations.
11 February 2022. Common access card required.
ATP 3-34.45/MCRP 3-40D.17. Electric Power Generation and
Distribution. 6 July 2018.
ATP 3-34.80. *Geospatial Engineering.* 22 February 2017. ATP 3-37.10/MCRP 3-40D.13. *Base Camps.* 27 January 2017. ATP 3-37.11. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and
Explosives Command. 28 August 2018.
ATP 3-39.12. *Law Enforcement Investigations.* 19 August 2013. ATP 3-39.30. *Security and Mobility Support.* 21 May 2020. ATP 3-39.34. *Military Working Dogs.* 30 January 2015.
ATP 3-52.1/MCRP 3-20F.4 [MCWP 3-25.13]/NTTP 3-56.4/
AFTTP 3-2.78. Airspace Control: Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Airspace Control. 14
February 2019.
ATP 3-90.1. *Armor and Mechanized Infantry Company Team.* 27
January 2016.
ATP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8. *Combined Arms Mobility.* 8 March
2016.
ATP 3-90.5. *Combined Arms Battalion.* 15 July 2021. ATP 3-90.8/MCTP 3-34B. *Combined Arms Countermobility.* 30
November 2021.
ATP 3-90.97. *Mountain Warfare and Cold Weather Operations.* 29
April 2016.
ATP 3-91. *Division Operations.* 17 October 2014. ATP 3-96.1. *Security Force Assistance Brigade. 2* September
2020.
ATP 4-02.1. *Army Medical Logistics.* 29 October 2015. ATP 4-02.2. *Medical Evacuation.* 12 July 2019. ATP 4-11. *Army Motor Transport Operations.* 14 August 2020. ATP 4-14. *Expeditionary Railway Center Operations.* 29 May
2014.
ATP 4-15. *Army Watercraft Operations.* 3 April 2015. ATP 4-33. *Maintenance Operations. 9* July 2019. ATP 4-35. Munitions Operations and Distribution Techniques. 5
September 2014
ATP 4-42. Materiel Management, Supply, and Field Services
Operations. 2 November 2020.
ATP 4-43. *Petroleum Supply Operations.* 18 April 2022. ATP 4-44/MCRP 3-17.7Q. *Water Support Operations.* 2 October
2015.
ATP 4-46. *Contingency Fatality Operations.* 17 December 2014. ATP 4-48. *Aerial Delivery.* 21 December 2016. ATP 4-71. *Contracting Support Brigade.* 4 June 2021. ATP 4-90. *Brigade Support Battalion.* 18 June 2020. ATP 5-19. *Risk Management.* 9 November 2021. ATP 6-0.5. *Command Post Organization and Operations.* 1 March
2017.
ATP 6-02.54. Techniques for Satellite Communications. 5
November 2020.
ATP 6-02.60. *Tactical Network Techniques for Corps and Below.* 9
August 2019.
ATP 6-02.70. Techniques for Spectrum Management Operations.
16 October 2019.
FM 1-0. *Human Resources Support.* 25 August 2021. FM 1-04. *Legal Support to Operations.* 8 June 2020. FM 1-05. *Religious Support.* 21 January 2019. FM 1-06. *Financial Management Operations.* 15 April 2014. FM 2-0. *Intelligence.* 6 July 2018. FM 3-0. *Operations.* 6 October 2017. FM 3-04. *Army Aviation.* 6 April 2020. FM 3-07. *Stability.* 2 June 2014. FM 3-09. *Fire Support and Field Artillery Operations.* 30 April
2020.
FM 3-11. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
Operations. 23 May 2019.
FM 3-18. *Special Forces Operations.* 28 May 2014. FM 3-34. *Engineer Operations.* 18 December 2020. FM 3-39. *Military Police Operations.* 9 April 2019. FM 3-50. *Army Personnel Recovery.* 2 September 2014. FM 3-53. *Military Information Support Operations.* 4 January
2013.
FM 3-57. *Civil Affairs Operations.* 28 July 2021. FM 3-63. *Detainee Operations.* 2 January 2020. FM 3-81. *Maneuver Enhancement Brigade.* 9 November 2021. FM 3-90-1. *Offense and Defense Volume 1.* 22 March 2013. FM 3-90-2. Reconnaissance, Security, and Tactical Enabling Tasks,
Volume 2. 22 March 2013.
FM 3-96. *Brigade Combat Team.* 19 January 2021. FM 3-98. *Reconnaissance and Security Operations.* 1 July 2015. FM 3-99. *Airborne and Air Assault Operations.* 6 March 2015. FM 4-0. *Sustainment Operations.* 31 July 2019. FM 4-01. *Army Transportation Operations.* 3 April 2014. FM 4-02. *Army Health System.* 17 November 2020. FM 4-30. *Ordnance Operations.* 1 April 2014. FM 4-40. *Quartermaster Operations.* 22 October 2013. FM 6-0. *Commander and Staff Organization and Operations.* 5
May 2014.
FM 6-02. *Signal Support to Operations.* 13 September 2019. FM 6-27/MCTP 11-10C. The Commander's Handbook on the Law
of Land Warfare. 7 August 2019.
TC 3-22.10. *Sniper.* 7 December 2017. TM 3-23.25. *Shoulder-Launched Munitions.* 15 September 2010.
TM 3-34.85/MCRP 3-17A. *Engineer Field Data.* 17 October
2013.

## International Standardization Agreements

Most Standardization Agreements are available on the NATO
Standardization Office website (user registration required): https://nso.nato.int/nso/.
STANAG 1059 (ED. 8). *Letter Codes for Geographical Entities.* 1
April 2004.
STANAG 1241 (ED. 5). NATO Standard Identity Description
Structure for Tactical Use. 7 April 2005.
STANAG 2019 (ED. 7)/APP 6(D). NATO Joint Military
Symbology. 16 October 2017.

## Websites

Federal Bureau of Investigation website. FBI.gov. U.S. Marshals Service website. https://www.usmarshals.gov/.

## Prescribed Forms

This section contains no entries.

## Referenced Forms

Unless otherwise indicated, DA forms are available on the
Army Publishing Directorate (APD) website at https:// armypubs.army.mil/.
DA Form 2028. Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank
Forms.

## Index

Entries are by paragraph number.

A
activity and installation symbols, 3-13-11 activity direction of movement amplifier, 3-4 activity frame shapes, 3-13-5 activity main and modifier icons and amplifiers, 3-5 activity offset location indicator amplifier, 3-5
additional information amplifier, 5-14
additional information amplifier, alphanumeric unit designations using,
2-102-12
airspace control measures, 5-35 alphanumeric unit designations using additional information amplifier,
2-102-12
amplifier, activity direction of movement, 3-4
activity offset location indicator, 3-5 command post using staff comments, 2-9 country code, 2-8 direction of movement, 2-14 evaluation rating, 3-3 fields for units, 2-3 headquarters staff location indicator, 2-16 offset location indicator, 2-17 operational condition, 3-8
amplifiers, 1-10, 5-1, 5-10
attached and detached, 2-7 combat effectiveness, 2-15 echelon and non-echelons, 2-4 installation, 3-7 operational condition, 4-8 quantity, 2-5
areas, 5-175-19 attached amplifiers, 2-7 attack, defined, 5-30

## B

boundaries, 5-155-16 boundary, defined, 5-15

## C

CBRN events control measures, 5-45 colors, standard identity, 1-9 combat effectiveness, amplifiers, 2-15
icons, 7-77-8
command post using staff comments amplifier, 2-9 composition of control measure symbols, 5-2 construct process, for control measures, 1-20
military symbol, 1-181-20
control measure acronyms and abbreviations usage, 5-4
control measure symbols, 1-15, 5-15-48, composition of, 5-2 fundamentals of, 5-1
control measures, construct process for, 1-20
labeling, 5-65-7 main icons for, 1-16 modifiers for, 1-17 standard identity coloring, 5-3
convoy, defined, 5-47
control measures, 5-47
countermobility, 5-41 country code amplifier, 2-8 course of action, defined, 7-1 course of action sketch, 7-17-9
makeup of, 7-27-3

## D

detached amplifiers, 2-7 direction of movement, amplifier, 2-14
indicator, 5-12

## E

echelon amplifiers (field B), 2-4 echelon indicator, 5-11 engagement bar amplifier, 4-5 equipment direction of movement amplifier, 4-4
equipment symbol frame shapes, 4-2
equipment symbols, 4-14-11 equipment symbols, unframed, 1-13 evaluation rating amplifier, 3-3

## F

Field A, 2-19, 2-21, 2-22 Field AA, 2-20 Field AL, 4-8 Field AO, 4-5 Field AS, 2-8 Field B, 2-4 Field C, 2-5 Field D, 2-6
Field F, 2-7
field fortification, 5-44 Field G, 2-9 Field H, 2-102-12 Field J, 3-3 Field K, 2-15 Field M, 2-13 Field Q, 2-14, 3-4, 4-4 Field R, 4-6 Field S, 2-16 Field S2, 2-17, 3-5 Field Z, 4-7 fire support coordination control measures, 5-36 forms of maneuver, defined, 5-28 framed and unframed equipment symbols, 4-1 framed symbols, 1-1 fundamentals of control measure symbols, 5-1

## G-H

headquarters staff location indicator amplifier, 2-16 higher echelon command using higher information amplifier, 2-13 higher information amplifier, higher echelon command using, 2-13 indicator, direction of movement, 5-12
echelon, 5-11
offset location, 5-13
indicator amplifier, task organization, 2-6 installation amplifiers, 3-7 installation frame shapes, 3-63-8

## J-K-L

labeling control measures, 5-65-7 land mine control measures, 5-42 lettering, symbol, 1-11 lines, 5-26

## M

main and modifier icons and amplifiers, 5-85-10
for equipment, 4-3
main and modifier icons for units, 2-3
main icon, 2-19, for named units, 2-20

for units, equipment, installations, or activities, 1-7
main icons, 5-8, for activities and installations, 3-93-11
for control measures, 1-16 for equipment, 4-9 for units, 2-18-222
maneuver, defined, 5-28 maritime control measures, 5-48 military deception, defined, 5-34 military deception control measures, 5-34 military symbol construct process, 1-181-20 military symbol fundamentals, 1-11-20 military unit and organizational symbols, 2-12-23 minefield control measures, 5-42 minefield sector 1 modifiers, 5-43 mobility, defined, 5-40
(transportation) mode indicator, 4-6
mobility and countermobility control measures, 5-395-41 mode indicator, mobility, 4-6 modifier icon for units, equipment, installations, or activities, 1-8 modifiers for control measures, 1-17 movement, defined, 5-26 movement and maneuver control measure symbols, 5-265-31 movement to contact, defined, 5-29
non-echelon amplifiers, 2-4
observation post control measures, 5-33 obstacle, defined, 5-41 octagon placement diagram, 1-6 offset location indicator, 5-13 offset location indicator amplifier, 2-17 operational condition amplifiers, 3-8, 4-8 physical domain, 1-3 points, 5-205-25
quantity amplifiers, 2-5
route, defined, 5-46 route control measures, 5-46 sector 1 modifier icons, 5-9 sector 1 modifiers, for activities and installations, 3-10
for equipment, 4-10 for units, 2-21
sector 2 modifiers, for activities and installations, 3-11
for equipment, 4-11 for units, 2-22
speed, 4-7 standard identity, 1-2
coloring control measures, 5-3 colors, 1-9
status, 1-5, 5-7 symbol lettering, 1-11 symbols for tactical mission tasks, 6-2 tactical mission task, defined, 6-1

tactical mission tasks, 6-16-2
symbols, 1-14
target acquisition, defined, 5-38
control measures, 5-38
target control measures, 5-37 task organization composition symbols, 7-47-5
example of, 7-9
task organization indicator amplifier, 2-6 task organization main and modifier icons, 7-6

## U-V-W-X-Y-Z

unframed symbols, 1-12
equipment, 1-13
unit, defined, 2-1 unit and organization, frame shapes, 2-2
symbols, 2-1
unit symbol construct examples and their translations, 2-23