before lying down, and this fact is in harmony with the above explanation, for the Esquimaux dogs cannot, for countless generations, have had an opportunity of trampling for themselves a sleeping place in grass.] [page] 46 rey, frequently keep one of their fore-legs doubled up for a long time, ready for the next cautious step; and this is eminently characteristic of the pointer. But from habit they behave in exactly the same manner whenever their attention is aroused (fig. 4). I have seen a dog at the foot of a high wall, listening atentively to a sound on the opposite side, with one leg doubled up; and in this case there could have been no intention of making a cautious approach. Fig. 4. Small dog watching a cat on a table. From a photograph taken by Mr. Rejlander. Dogs after voiding their excrement often make with all four feet a few scratches backwards, even on a bare stone pavement, as if for the purpose of covering up their excrement with earth, in nearly the same manner as do cats. Wolves and jackals behave in the Zoological Gardens in exactly the same manner, yet, as I am assured by the keepers, neither wolves, jackals, nor foxes, when they have the means of doing so, ever cover up their excrement, any more than do dogs. Hence, if we rightly understand the meaning of the above cat-like habit, of which there can be little doubt, we have a purposeless remnant of an habitual