control to the maximum so that you understand them. Okay, he wrote a series of books; I am going to use one as an example of his thesis that knowledge and power are intertwined and the effects it has and I am going to pick one of his most famous, but let me quickly give you a set of the books that he worked on. He wrote a book called " Madness and Civilisation " in which he pointed out the long history of how the discourse of reason had excluded from it the mad. Now this history changes, as you know. In the medieval period, the mad are considered the way they are... How did the mad appear in Shakespeare's' plays? The fools, the mad. Well they appear as the people who bring the most important wisdom into the plays. They have... the mad in Greek society were considered as touched by the gods; their words were looked at almost as the words of oracles. But with the increasing, as it were, with the increasing rationalisation -- a word I have used a lot, and a word I used yesterday -- rationalisation of the world the mad began to be shut away in asylums. At first this was a brutal process and later it became "humanised". This is a word that Foucault does not like. In fact he doesn't like "humanism" or the talk about "humans". He is afraid every time he hears it that it is not a