growing poultry industries. During this period, Webster also created attenuated strains of fowlpox virus for different poultry species. Demonstrating the benefits of poultry disease research, in 1937 Len Hart produced a rapid pen-side test for pullorum which greatly assisted with testing and control of the disease. Move over sheep, it's time for more cattle research In 1932, the Empire Marketing Board and the Australian Government provided a grant to CSIR to establish an animal disease research station in Queensland for research on pleuro. Gilruth, then acting Chief of the Animal Health Division turned to Turner to lead the research team at Oonoonba, Townsville. Turner's team researched pleuro, peg-leg disease and tick-borne diseases in cattle. Again, Turner was involved in an important research breakthrough. A broth was created for growing and sustaining pleuro organisms which permitted vaccination using hypodermic syringes. This was a vast improvement on the primitive technique of using a stringy seton which was dipped into an infected animal's chest, threaded through a needle and then into a healthy animal. The new technology made the vaccine transportable and also allowed the safest strains with the best coverage to be developed artificially. Gilruth also turned his attention to the cattle tick problem in Australia's north. During his time in the Northern Territory as an administrator, Gilruth had made extensive investigations of the tick problem. He was certain that the solution lay in the cross-breeding of British cattle breeds with tick-resistant breeds which were also more genetically suited to the northern