crimes committed, or real danger of public injury from individuals; and as standing armies in the time of peace are dangerous to liberty, they ought not to be kept up; and that the military shall be kept under strict subordination to and be governed by the civil power. [54] All fifteen proposals were defeated, 46 votes against and 23 for. [55] The convention then ratified the Constitution by the same margin. [56] Nevertheless, the minority proposals influenced members of other state conventions, and it is to these anti-Federalists we owe credit for a Bill of Rights. [57] (p.78) In Georgia and Connecticut the Constitution was easily ratified in January, 1788, [58] and Massachusetts followed in February, ratifying by a margin of 53% for and 47% against. [59] Once again, a Bill of Rights was proposed (this time by Samuel Adams) but was rejected. The section on arms would have provided "that the said Constitution be never construed to authorize Congress ... to prevent the people of the United States, who are peaceable citizens, from keeping their own arms." [60] Between April and July, 1788, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, and New York completed the ratification process. [61] But most of these last states also agitated for inclusion of a Bill of Rights and thus added momentum to the cause of the anti-Federalists. When the New Hampshire convention gave the Constitution the ninth needed vote for its adoption, it proposed that "Congress shall never disarm any citizen, unless such as