only they left traces. Is there a now? The now is the fictitious border of such reality towards the realm of anticipation. You wrote: "Past events are not continuously replayed for all eternity and the future is not already written." While I agree with the latter, I argue: Every event is unique. You mean past events are of decreasing relevance. Yes. No matter whether or not we can reconstruct them, they are real in the sense they already happened and possibly influenced later events. You wrote: "Where the past was imagined there is now aft space that has already been passed through and ahead along the 4th dimension is afore space." My dictionary does not have the word aft and it has afore only in combination. Nonetheless I guess you meant that there is a time dimension extending from minus infinity to plus infinity to pass through. Isn't this a block universe? You wrote: "There is no material past, there is no material future." Again, you are trying to deny the decisive difference between reality and anticipation. Traces of past processes are materialized. Sometimes it is not necessary to clearly distinct between past and future. For instance words like presence, today, or this year are deliberately ambiguous. You wrote: "A black hole is merely where matter has penetrated into afore space due to gravity and ceased to be within the visible universe." I guess, you are a young fellow. Be cautious with mathematics that suggests speculations. You wrote:"Without objective time