a percentage of GDP, China's share has remained steady at around two percent since 2001, so the military spend has risen in line with economic growth. India's spend is down 4.9% over 2010 levels, a surprising downturn after years of growth, and Vietnam has also followed suit, though it is not clear yet whether these figures are just a blip in the general upward trend. Certainly both countries are embarking on major arms purchases through programmes which will come to fruition in the next few years. With regional border disputes historically driving spending in the region, improved accord between some countries means some countries have been able to relax their increase in funding. Taiwan, Japan and the Philippines have only seen a modest boost in spending since 2002. However, Indonesia has seen a significant rise of 82% over the same period as it establishes a modernised armed forces to protect its territory, which is spread over a huge archipelago. Thailand and Cambodia have seen similar rises as they fund their ongoing border dispute. Biggest increases in military budget spend in 2011 Renewed fears of conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region are reflected by a massive rise in spending of 89% during 2011. The tension, over land and oil, has been described as severe, with strong similarities to the Georgian crises. Persistent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan account for the rise in spending in these regions, with the rise in Iraq spending primarily down to strong under-spending