that are expressed in two different languages. In these conflict of laws cases, Apple met with conflicting international judicial opinions: an Australian court decision conflicted with a Canadian court decision on the copyrightability of object code. In IBM v. Computer Imports , the High Court of New Zealand then considered these prior decisions and sided with the Canadian decision in ruling that, although object code is not an original literary work in its own right, it is a reproduction of source code in material form and therefore an infringement of copyright takes place if it is copied without the authorization of the copyright owner. [ 144 ] Such legal conflicts affected not only Apple, but all other software companies as well, and the conflicts remained unresolved until the creation of an international legal regime embodied in further changes to national copyright laws, which ultimately made object code subject to copyright law. [ 146 ] These revisions of law in favor of making object code subject to copyright law are still controversial. [ 147 ] The revisions also form the technical underpinnings (via the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and the Electronic Communications Privacy Act ) [ 148 ] for the legal notions of electronic privacy violation [ 149 ] and computer trespass, as well as the further development of anti-hacking law-making such as the Patriot Act and the Convention on Cybercrime . [ 150 ] [ 151 ] In 1988, after the introduction of Microsoft's Windows 2.0 , Apple filed