as well as through triangulation of multiple methods, such as reflection diary (first person), active participants (second person) and interviews, surveys, focus groups, nominal group techniques, etc. (third person). Quality and rigour in an action research thesis are achieved through: a methodology that is carefully designed, explained and justified; an individual, original contribution that is well argued, demonstrated, documented and supported by evidence for every knowledge claim (e.g. through participant confirmation/validation of data analysis and interpretation); the use of relevant literature, i.e. the methodological literature first to justify the candidate's choice, and the content literature later (after aligning the candidate's focal research question with the thematic concern of the core action research group), to confirm or disconfirm the candidate's data and research findings; and a writing style that is clear, concise (using appendices for detailed information), conceptually sound, free of errors, and written in the first person singular and plural, as appropriate. In this paper we have identified the main challenges and criteria for assessing the quality of action research and of an action research thesis. We now conclude with some crucial questions for a candidate to answer and some advice on how to address these challenges, and our definition of a quality AR thesis. 6.1 Addressing crucial questions For a higher degree thesis or dissertation by action research students must ask themselves, and know the answers to, the "why?", "what?", "where?", "who?", "how?" and "when?" questions described below: Why do you want to do action research? We have already