away from the ILP This explains the willingness of Cooper to reverse his earlier view and move into independence. Other prominent members of the Group with ILP connections were Arthur Ballard, the Croydon carpenter who had once run the Strand ILP bookshop with Jon Kimche and was now Group secretary, and Jim Wood, who was married to Audrey Brockway. 20. This threat was scarcely veiled, see the concluding words of Declaration of the International Bureau , 13 Dec. 1936. 24. James, with his relatively wide reputation, had an appeal to those of other parties and of none. The years immediately before the war were intensely productive for him. He published The Black Jacobins , a study of the Haitian slave revolt of Toussaint L'Ouverture, in 1938 and the following year translated Boris Souvarine's Staline . His later fame as a theorist of nationalism in developing countries was anticipated in his last years in Britain by his pivotal position in the London community of black radicals. He was editor of International African Opinion , the journal of the International African Service Bureau, of which George Padmore, Jomo Kenyatta and Kwame Nkrumah were members. Padmore's wife had acted as James's secretary during the writing of World Revolution . 25. This argument can be followed in Fight throughout 1937, and especially in its August issue. 26. Harry Wicks assisted C.L.R. James with World Revolution (1937) and had helped him as early as Minty Alley , a novel written while the Marxist Group was