a military leader, this was not much help in Polish politics, since the one victory was followed by a number of rather disastrous failures. The failures were due partly to the efforts of the Polish aristocracy to undermine the position of Sobieski, in their eyes he had gained too much prestige at Vienna. Leopold entered history as the King of Hungary who regained most of the territory lost in the previous century to the Ottoman Empire. The man who in the beginning did not want anything but peace was the only one to gain. Walter Leitsch is Professor of East European History and Director of the Institute of East and Southeast European Research at the University of Vienna. Further reading: John Stoye, The Siege of Vienna (Collins, 1964) John P. Spielman, Leopold I of Austria (Rutgers University Press, 1977)