believe. In a recent BBC3 documentary Clarke Carlisle (chairman of the Professional Footballers Assocation) spoke to many ex-professionals who had experienced racist abuse. Tottenham and England player Jermaine Jenas said he had been regularly racially abused by supporters during his career. The documentary also showed racist chanting of supporters at football matches, including anti-Semitic abuse aimed at Tottenham Hotspur. Ex-footballers such as Sol Campbell have also spoken to the media giving accounts of abuse and racial stereotyping that they have suffered, not only from fans, but their own clubs and managers. During the 2011/12 season the issue of racism became a central issue in the Football Association (FA) and more broadly within the sport. Luis Suarez was banned for eight matches after racially abusing Patrice Evra, John Terry (England captain at the time) was accused of racially abusing Anton Ferdinand on the pitch and Oldham player Tom Adeyemi was abused by Liverpool supporters during a match. These high profile incidents were not handled well by either their clubs or the FA. In the aftermath of the Suarez/Evra incident, Liverpool responded by defending Suarez uncritically, and instructing the players to wear pro-Suarez T-shirts whilst warming up for the next game. Chelsea similarly backed Terry as did the England manger that refused to take the captaincy away from Terry, The FA eventually sacked Terry as captain, but he was permitted to play at the recent Euro championships for England, just not as captain. The FA's and individual clubs' responses to these racist