United Kingdom The end of the Second World War (1939-1945) brought profound change. There had been a general dissatisfaction with the Conservative government before the war and the voters were determined to have change. The 1945 General Election swept Churchill from power and brought in a Labour Party led by Clement Attlee. Their manifesto was for social justice, the creation of a National Health Service, council housing and the nationalization of much of the means of production and wealth. However, at the same time the United Kingdom was exhausted and virtually bankrupt from the prosecution of the war. Without the massive injection of American war materials and food through the Lease Lend Act it is questionable whether the United Kingdom would have been able to go on. In 1945 all this stopped in the most brutal way. Food shipments on the high seas were stopped and turned round. The United States immediately demanded payment for goods and food supplied. With a damaged infrastructure and an industry geared to war materials the country could only survive with massive loans from the United States. On the home front even more severe rationing had to be introduced after one of the hardest winters on record. On the scientific/military front the United Kingdom had been locked out of its atomic co-operation agreements with the United States and therefore determined to go it alone. At this period United Kingdom was maintaining occupation forces in both Germany and Japan. With the Americans dismissive of all European