is indeed growing evidence to suggest that we are in the early or middle stages of a second industrial divide, which has been variously characterized as involving an information revolution, increased interconnection across global markets, the rise of flexible specialization in production and service operations, and a transformation toward knowledge-driven work in all sectors of the economy. McGregor understood, anticipated, and helped point the way toward what may well emerge as a future model of work, organizations and society that is rooted in core assumptions driving participative, interdependent, authentic, inventive and productive relationships. However, the alternative, an economic "race to the bottom" based on increasingly individualistic, control-oriented and competitive assumptions, is also a very real possibility. As we venture forth, McGregor's insights about the 'human side of enterprise' continue to be a beacon. We must continue to ask, as he did: 'What are your assumptions (implicit as well as explicit) about the most effective way to manage people?'" --From the Introduction by Joel Cutcher-Gershenfeld About the Author Douglas McGregor is one of the most influential management thinkers of all time. His Theory Y approach is at the core of virtually all of today's leading management and workplace models. He was a founding faculty member of MIT's Sloan School of Management and served as president of Antioch College. Joel Cutcher-Gershenfeld is a Senior Research Scientist in MIT's Sloan School of Management and Engineering Systems Division, where his scholarship centers on underlying values and assumptions about people at work, in organizations, in