77 ] of the Local Group will coalesce into a single large galaxy. [ 4 ] 800 billion Expected time when the net light emission from the combined Milkomeda galaxy begins to decline as the red dwarf stars pass through their blue dwarf stage of peak luminosity. [ 78 ] 10 12 (1 trillion) Low estimate for the time until star formation ends in galaxies as galaxies are depleted of the gas clouds they need to form stars. [ 4 ] The universe's expansion, assuming a constant dark energy density, multiplies the wavelength of the cosmic microwave background by 10 29 , exceeding the scale of the cosmic light horizon and rendering its evidence of the Big Bang undetectable. However, it may still be possible to determine the expansion of the universe through the study of hypervelocity stars . [ 75 ] 3×10 13 (30 trillion) Estimated time for the remnant Sun to undergo a close encounter with another star in the local Solar neighborhood. Whenever two stars (or stellar remnants) pass close to each other, their planets' orbits can be disrupted, potentially ejecting them from the system entirely. On average, the closer a planet's orbit to its parent star, the longer it takes to be ejected in this manner, because stars rarely pass so closely. [ 79 ] 10 14 (100 trillion) High estimate for the time until normal star formation ends in galaxies. [ 4 ] This marks the transition from the Stelliferous Era to the Degenerate Era