conditions for the poor (and with parish workers from St Judes established model dwellings (1888); and the Children's Country Holiday Fund (1877). Henrietta Barnett was an active partner in this activity - and in the discussions and networking that led to the establishment of Toynbee Hall (Watkins 2005). A simple idea lay at the heart of the Toynbee Hall settlement: that all should share in community. If men and women from universities lived for some time among the poor in London and in other cities, they could 'do a little to remove the inequalities of life' (Samuel Barnett 1884: 272). They would share 'their best with the poor and learn through feeling how they live' (op. cit.). Through working for friendship based on trust, and government inspired with 'a higher spirit', 'everything which is Best will be made in love common to all' (ibid.: 273). A settlement is simply a means by which men or women may share themselves with their neighbours; a club-house in an industrial district, where the condition of membership is the performance of a citizen's duty; a house among the poor, where residents may make friends with the poor. (Barnett 1898: 26) It was in this spirit that Toynbee Hall, the first university settlement was established in 1884. The settlement was named after Arnold Toynbee (1852-1881), the Balliol historian. As well as undertaking university teaching Toynbee was committed to the development of adult education opportunities for the working class - and worked with Barnett in this