using ordinary least square regression with MXD as the independent variable. This approach provides conservative estimates -- owing to the reduction of variability caused by unexplained variance29 -- of pre-instrumental climate variability and derived long-term trends." climatereason says: July 10, 2012 at 12:54 am ....... this chart shows summer temperatures. which reduces the studies usefulness somewhat. It was the winters that dragged the overall mean temperature down-many LIA summers were very hot tonyb Hi Tony Summers are always warm enough for growth, I think it is rainfall which is reflected in the tree rings. My regular excursions to the Wimbledon common shows that everything grass, shrubs and the established trees have gone absolutely exuberant, not to mention a rhododendron and fatsia japonica in my garden. Good score for the 'magnetics' on the solar thread, not a 'nonsense' any more just based 'on the flimsiest grounds'. ( It looks like as 'where vukcevic boldly goes, NASA cautiously follows') I have read previous studies using trees from lapland as a temperature proxy. Why these are so good proxies is that unlike many other trees, the only limiting factor for their growth is the temperature.... Nope. People really do need to get their head around the concept that a single tree lives in its own complex ecosystem which may share many similar variables with its neighbours. No one tree or small sample of trees is a proxy for anything. Geographic variation imposes large, mostly unreconcilable, constrants on sample homogeneity for statistical purposes. The