have some very practical use. And I know that that pushed them to new levels, to new heights in terms of innovation. Antony Funnell : Jon Gertner, author of The Idea Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation , thank you very much for joining us, it's been really interesting. Jon Gertner : Thank you so much for having me, I appreciate it. "all the low-hanging fruit is gone..." John Cleese : [Presentation about creativity] There is one, just one, other thing that I can say about creativity. There are certain conditions which do make it more likely that you'll get into the open mode and that something creative will occur. More likely. You can't guarantee anything will occur. You might sit around for hours, as I did last Tuesday, and nothing. Zilch. Bupkis. Not a sausage. Nevertheless I can at least tell you how to get yourselves into the open mode. You need five things. One: space. Two: time. Three: time. Four: confidence. And five: a 22-inch waist. Sorry, my mind was wondering. I'm getting into the open mode too quickly. Instead of 'a 22-inch waist', read 'humour'. I do beg your pardon. Okay, let's take space first... Jonah Lehrer : There's definitely been a shift towards collaboration. I think it's probably best demonstrated by the work of Ben Jones, he's an economist at Northwestern, and he data-mined nearly 20 million science papers published over the course of the 20th century. What he found is, you