performed to retrieve sperm. This procedure can be done on the same day. When it is suspected that there is an endometrial pathology, a hysteroscopy is carried out. This is an examination of the uterine cavity undertaken without an anaesthetic. Hysteroscopy helps diagnose certain malfunctions and recommends the appropriate treatment. For example, if a myoma or a polyp are found they have to be removed. This can be done during the same procedure or it may be necessary to schedule in a later appointment. Techniques to obtain a semen sample in case of vasectomy In general, when the woman does not have a sterility problem, a semen sample of sufficient quality (to retrieve enough spermatozoa from the ejaculate) has to be obtained to fertilise the eggs. Assisted Reproduction Treatments are a series of delicate techniques carried out jointly by Gynaecologists, Andrologists and Biologists in specialised centres. This procedure is carried out under local anaesthetic. By means of a surgical magnifying glass the deferent duct is separated and an incision is made to place a fine catheter inside it. The use of finely calibrated equipment allows for a small quantity of liquid to be gently aspirated. This liquid is studied under a microscope in order to identify and retrieve the spermatozoa which are then frozen to be used in the egg fertilisation. This process can also be carried out in the epididymis according to the opinion of the andrologist in each case. If it is known in advance that quality sperm