societies actually are distinctive from other types of societies, utilizing a huge base of empirical cross-national evidence. Many of the findings are surprising. The next step is the more difficult task of explaining why such differences exist."--Ronald Inglehart, Research Professor of Political Science, University of Michigan "There's no book to my knowledge that does what Fish accomplishes here. Using a reliable dataset, sound scientific methods, and objective frameworks of analysis--Fish puts together an extremely important and valuable book on the political orientations and behaviors of Muslims across the globe. This book should have been written at least five years ago! It provides us with the most comprehensive and scientifically rigorous study of the political, social, and religious attitudes of Muslims in cross-national perspective."--Amaney A. Jamal, Assistant Professor of Politics, Princeton University "A refreshingly brash book. Skilled in empirical analysis, Steven Fish has avoided the temptation to define questions narrowly. Instead he investigates whether Muslim politics are systematically different in a variety of broad areas, ranging from political violence to corruption. He does find that 'Muslim' is a politically relevant category in some areas but not in others. Fish insists on following the data wherever it leads him, informed by past scholarly work but not bound by its conventions. He seeks neither to challenge nor confirm popular prejudices. As a result of this sweeping, data-centered approach, both scholarly and non-scholarly audiences will find the book by turns comforting and unsettling."--Nathan J. Brown, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, George Washington