Second Prospective Study - 1990 to 2020 About This Report In March 2011, EPA issued the Second Prospective Report which looked at the results of the Clean Air Act from 1990 to 2020. According to this study, the direct benefits from the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments are estimated to reach almost $2 trillion for the year 2020, a figure that dwarfs the direct costs of implementation ($65 billion). The report was updated in April 2011. Healthier Living Emissions control programs that reduce air pollution from smokestacks and tailpipes provide enormous air quality and health benefits today, and the benefits will grow over time as programs take their full effect. In 2020, the Clean Air Act Amendments will prevent over 230,000 early deaths. Most of the $2 trillion in economic benefits (about 85 percent) are attributable to reductions in premature mortality associated with reductions in ambient particulate matter. Year 2010 (in cases) Year 2020 (in cases) Adult Mortality - particles 160,000 230,000 Infant Mortality - particles 230 280 Mortality - ozone 4300 7100 Chronic Bronchitis 54,000 75,000 Heart Disease - Acute Myocardial Infarction 130,000 200,000 Asthma Exacerbation 1,700,000 2,400,000 Emergency Room Visits 86,000 120,000 School Loss Days 3,200,000 5,400,000 Lost Work Days 13,000,000 17,000,000 The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments prevent: This chart shows the health benefits of the Clean Air Act programs that reduce levels of fine particles and Ozone. The remaining benefits are roughly equally divided among three categories of human health and environmental improvement: Preventing premature mortality