regulation in this task... "The activation of ventrolateral, but not dorsolateral, PFC [pre-frontal cortex] indicates that Acheulean toolmaking is distinguished by cognitive demands for the coordination of ongoing, hierarchically organized action sequences rather than the internal rehearsal and evaluation of action plans. "The increasingly anterior and RH-dominant frontal activation during Late Acheulean toolmaking reflects the more complex, multi-level structure of the task (figure 3), which includes the flexible iteration of multi-step processes in the context of larger scale technical goals. "Archaeological evidence of ESA [Early Stone Age] technological change thus traces a trajectory of ever more skill-intensive, bimanual toolmaking methods that overlap functionally and anatomically with important elements of the human faculty for language." In short, we can be sure that Late Acheulean tools (dating from 500,000 years ago) required rationality to make them. Whether early Acheulean tools (dating from 1.8 million years ago) required rationality in order to produce them is less certain at this stage. 5. I am amazed that you don't see much of a difference in the "yuck factor" between incest and bestiality. One involves mating with a human being which is forbidden because the ties of blood are too close; while the other involves mating with a sub-rational animal. There's simply no contest. Bestiality is much, much more disordered as an act. Kemp fails to recognize this point. Discussing the mating that would have occurred between Adam and Eve and other non-human hominids, he writes: The sin involved would be more like promiscuity -- impersonal