an immediate idea of the answer, you'll need to look at all the choices to see what you can eliminate. First, eliminate the North Pole; it is an outlier because common sense tells you the sun is never directly overhead (a right angle) of the North Pole (that ice cap would have melted long ago!). If that is all you can eliminate, make a quick guess and move on. But perhaps you can eliminate some more choices. The longest day happens in summer so the sun must be north of the equator shining more directly on the northern hemisphere; thus, eliminate choice (b). Maybe you also know that meridians are lines between the poles that measure distance east and west, not north and south, allowing you to eliminate (e) as well. Whatever, make a guess among the remaining choices and move on. If you narrowed the possible answers to two, you have an even chance of getting it right. Even if you only eliminated one choice, you still improved your chances of getting it right. Now try this example: 2. What is the area of a circle with a diameter of 4 miles? (a) 12.5 square miles (b) 13.75 miles (c) 25.1 square miles (d) 16.0 square miles (e) 3,600 square feet If you know (or are given) the formula A = ? r 2 , if you know that the value of pi(?) is 3.14, and if you know the radius is half of the diameter, then you can