that approval will be forthcoming. Energy security, clean air, and rural economic development are potent arguments, even without Kyoto. And of course the provinces have a crucial role to play in choosing wind energy to play a key part of future electricity supply. So achieving Kyoto in the electricity sector is easy. What about transportation? Canada has not raised fuel standard for automobiles in 25 years. The technologies exist, with hybrids, and with fuel efficient diesel engines, to increase fuel efficiency by 20-30%. Add in some expansions to mass transit, revisions to urban planning to make cities more foot and bicycle friendly, and transportation can achieve its target. Heating and cooling homes and businesses is also achievable. Ground source heat pumps (also called earth energy, or geothermal) obtain 3-4 units of heat for every unit of electricity required to run the compressor. So that reduces energy use by 75% for heating. The gain for air conditioning is even greater, using about 5 -6 times less electricity than conventional air to air coolers. The technology works, and is widely used in rural areas, and in new schools. But we have no policy support to encourage widespread use of ground source heat. Add in some solar thermal hot water, and aggressive building codes and insulation, and a dramatic reduction in energy used in homes and businesses is achievable. The opportunity for emission reductions from conservation and efficiency are huge. But our current price regimes reward profligate energy use, and penalize conservation. For