effect. As the p-value decreases below 0.05, the lower bound of the 95% confidence limit for the RRR rises above zero. A second approach, involving some quick mental arithmetic or a pencil and paper, can be used when the article includes the value for the standard error of the RRR (or of the relative risk). This is because the upper and lower boundaries of the 95% confidence interval for a RRR are the point estimate plus and minus twice this standard error. The third approach involves calculating the confidence intervals yourself [5] or asking the help of someone else (a statistician, for instance) to do so. Once you obtain the confidence intervals, you know how high and low the RRR might be (that is, you know the precision of the estimate of the treatment effect), and can interpret the results as described above. Not all randomized trials have dichotomous outcomes, nor should they. For example, a new treatment for patients with chronic lung disease may focus on increasing their exercise capacity. Thus, in a study of respiratory muscle training for patients with chronic airflow limitation, one primary outcome measured how far patients could walk in six minutes in an enclosed corridor [25] . This six-minute walk improved from an average of 406 to 416 meters (up 10 meters) in the experimental group receiving respiratory muscle training, and from 409 to 429 (up 20 meters) in the control group. The point estimate for improvement in the six-minute walk due to respiratory