another of the partners taking primary responsibility for certain aspects of the research, such as addressing sensitive issues in community relations, or scientific analysis and interpretation of data. In general, community-based research takes place at community sites. Some forms of research are community-centred in that the research focuses not only on individuals but on the community itself, and may become a project conducted by, for and with the community. Participatory research is a systematic inquiry that includes the active involvement of those who are the subject of the research. Participatory research is usually action-oriented, where those involved in the research process collaborate to define the research project, collect and analyze the data, produce a final product and act on the results. It is based on respect, relevance, reciprocity and mutual responsibility. Where participatory research is adopted, the terms and conditions should be set out in a research agreement (see Article 9.11 ). Article 9.13 Where the form of community engagement and the nature of the research make it possible, research should be relevant to community needs and priorities. The research should benefit the participating community (e.g., training, local hiring, recognition of contributors, return of results), as well as extend the boundaries of knowledge. Application To benefit the participating community, a research project should be relevant to community priorities and have the potential to produce valued outcomes from the perspective of the community and its members. Relevance and community benefit can take a number of forms depending on the type of