Injections of heart muscle created from patients' own skin cells could save them from needing surgery to implant artificial pacemakers that regulate their heartbeat, following new research. Scientists have grown fully functional heart muscles by reprogramming stem cells and skin cells from patients. They found that these reprogrammed cells can "reset" the rhythm of any unhealthy heart tissue that is placed around them. The researchers believe that patients suffering from irregular or slow heart beats could be treated with an injection of new heart cells grown from stem cells to create a "biological pacemaker" that will regulate their heartbeat. Currently patients who have suffered heart attacks that cause their heart to pump out of sync or who suffer from irregular heartbeats have to undergo surgery where a battery powered pacemaker is fitted to control the organ's rhythm. There are approximately 25,000 pacemakers fitted each year in the UK. Dr Oren Caspi, from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology who has been carrying out the research, said the heart cells they had created appeared to behave like young, healthy heart tissue found in new born babies. They converted the adult skin into a type of cell known as induced pluripotent stem cells, which have the potential to develop into any tissue found in the body. By altering the conditions they were grown in, the cells then developed into fully functioning heart cells. The researchers believe it will be possible to use skin cells from patients to create injectable biological pacemakers -- reducing