the "Mother of Exiles"—a symbol of hope to immigrants. [ 35 ] New York's political pattern changed little after the mid–19th century. New York City was already heavily Democrat and Upstate, Republican. In the 1850s, Democratic Tammany Hall became one of the most powerful and durable political machines in United States history. Boss William Tweed brought the organization to the forefront of city and then state politics in the 1860s. Tammany maintained influence until at least the 1930s. Outside the city, Republicans were able to influence the redistricting process enough to constrain New York City and capture the Legislature in 1894. Both parties have seen political success: in the 39 presidential elections between 1856 and 2010, Republicans won 19 times and Democrats 20 times. [ 31 ] In the early 20th century, governor Theodore Roosevelt and fellow Republicans invented Progressivism , later known as "the New York Idea". [ citation needed ] "Its main concerns included the righting of social ills, conservation , the discarding of ineffective and corrupt urban government, and control of trusts and other industrial combinations." Democrats continued the ideology. However, they were "more concerned about factory labor and urban problems and had closer ties to immigrants and organized labor." Democrats' efforts in Progressivism impacted the national party: "The Democratic Party developed a new image—at once urban and reform minded, pro-immigrant and welcoming to African Americans—that increasingly defined the northern Democratic Party." [ 36 ] As the largest state, New York again supplied the most resources during