the range of market-based approaches to improve the efficiency of the urban water sector, including optimal water usage, delivery of required environmental and public health outcomes, and enhanced flexibility. Examines urban water entitlements arrangements for existing, new and alternative water sources across Australia, and identifies policy principles and recommendations to underpin better water management outcomes. Covers the possible shared characteristics for registers, including for new and existing environmental water and a common set of actions that States and Territories would adopt in their implementation plans.