impact of the role of iron in controlling phytoplankton production. These teams can hook up and ask questions such as: 'Are aerosols dropping iron into the ocean, and if so, how much, and what sort of impact is this having?'. At the same time, the chemists and biochemists can be investigating the chemistry of the ocean and what might be coming in from the aerosols. We've never had this capability before. It's a new quantum in understanding the interactions within the ocean atmosphere system. And technically? There are a lot of advanced atmospheric instruments going on to RV Investigator . These include radars to look at cloud structures and rainfall patterns, and aerosol sampling instruments. Previously, when the atmospheric guys wanted to get measurements made, they would have to piggy-back on to American vessels. So, this is a really major advance. Like the Southern Surveyor , RV Investigator will be able to measure solar and terrestrial radiation to determine ocean heating. But, I understand that the RV will be able to collect this data nearly year-round and in a wider variety of locations. Yes, there is a lot of emphasis on data collection and integration with data from satellite sensors, autonomous vehicles, and shore based instruments -- in real time. The ocean is dynamic. Typically in the past, you could be out at sea and find a feature, but it was impossible to determine what it was. It would only be after you returned and could look at, for example,