increases the probability of adhesive wear. WIP Turn Rate A measure of the speed at which work-in-process moves through a plant. Typically calculated by dividing the value of total annual shipments at plant cost (for the most recent full year) by the average WIP value at plant cost. Wireless In maintenance context, wireless units are defined wireless when they require neither power nor other data wiring. For example, wireless condition monitoring is applied where sensor and communication / analysis module can not be located at the same place. Work Request A Formal request to have work done.  Work requests are usually tie / date stamped. Work Order (WO) Written authorization to proceed with a repair or other activity to preserve a building or asset. Sometimes referred to as a Job Card. World-class manufacturer A somewhat arbitrary designation that can be supported by performance results related to various manufacturing metrics. (World-class metrics may vary from one industry to another.) Typically, it denotes "best in class" producers on a worldwide basis. In the broadest sense, world-class manufacturers are those perceived to deliver the greatest value at a given price level. Wrench Time A primary measure of workforce efficiency (craft utilization), and of the effectiveness of planning and scheduling functions. It represents time spent actually "performing" maintenance. Surveys consistently show that wrench time (craft utilization) within a reactive, fire fighting maintenance environment is within the range of 30 to 40 percent. A proper planning in the maintenance organization can greatly improve the efficiency