fuelled by the introduction of new technology -- notably new modes of transport, literacy and, of course, the musket. This was the period of the wars between antagonistic tribes. In the 1830s Christian missionary work, first begun in 1814, began to affect M?ori. Schools and mission stations were established in an attempt to bring the Christian message. Some tribes became involved in trade with Europeans, exchanging potatoes, pigs, timber and flax for muskets. The Treaty of Waitangi In 1840, a treaty was signed by representatives of Queen Victoria of England and more than 500 M?ori chiefs representing numerous tribes throughout the country. The effect of the Treaty of Waitangi was to bring intertribal conflict to an end, and to provide a constitutional basis for the establishment of British law and government in New Zealand. The English version of the treaty stated that sovereignty was ceded to the Queen of England. However, the M?ori version said that the treaty guaranteed 'tino rangatiratanga' or chieftainship of New Zealand to M?ori. The debate continues today. New tribal economies The period between 1840 and 1860 saw the rise of a new economy within tribal societies. Many tribes took to growing crops and selling their produce to markets such as the new towns of Auckland and Wellington. Some even traded with markets in Australia. Leaders in war and peace During the New Zealand Wars there were some remarkable and ingenious M?ori military leaders, including Kawiti of Ng?puhi, Te Kooti of Rongowhakaata, T?tokowaru of Ng?ti Ruanui