Content_paragraphs:  The African Union Commission of Inquiry on South Sudan, which was
  
  established by the African Union Peace and Security Council in December 2013 to
  
  investigate human rights violations and other abuses committed during the first year
  
  of the civil war, has documented a range of serious violations. In particular, the
  
  Commission concluded that it was reasonable to believe that some of those amounted
  
  to crimes against humanity and war crimes, including torture, rape and forced
  
  enlisting of children. The Commission noted that sexual violence and extrajudicial
  
  killings had been carried out systematically and with extreme brutality by all parties
  
  to the conflict.13 Hundreds, if not thousands, were killed in the first days of the
  
  fighting. The Human Rights Division of UNMISS and the Commission on Human
  
  Rights in South Sudan, which was established in 2016, have documented similar and
  
  ongoing violations throughout the civil war. The Mission has documented an
  
  organized campaign of sexual violence that took place in Unity State as recently as
  
  from September to December 2018. As already noted, the number of violations
  
  recorded by UNMISS dropped in 2019 but has surged in 2020. In consultations with
  
  the review team, some government authorities disputed the validity of the reporting
  
  by the United Nations and international non-governmental organization on human
  
  rights violations.