Content_paragraphs:  In Petit Nord, the security situation deteriorated in most territories, in particular
  
  in Masisi and Rutshuru, following a spike in armed group activity. In early January,
  
  sporadic clashes between the Mai-Mai forces patriotiques populaires-armée du peuple
  
  (FPP-AP)and the Nduma défense du Congo-Rénové (NDC-R) Guidon faction
  
  resulted in the displacement of approximately 3,000 people to Lubero territory.
  
  Clashes between the NDC-R Bwira faction and a coalition of armed groups, including
  
  Nyatura, Alliance des patriotes pour un Congo libre et souverain (APCLS) and Forces
  
  démocratiques de libération du Rwanda, increased as the NDC-R Bwira faction
  
  attempted to reclaim territory previously lost in Masisi territory. At least nine civilians
  
  (five men, three women and a boy) were killed and three others injured. Reportedly,
  
  on 2 February, the NDC-R Bwira faction also launched attacks against the Coalition
  
  des mouvements pour le changement/Nyatura in Matenge. On 10 January, alleged
  
  Mai-Mai Jackson elements ambushed and killed six rangers of the Congolese Insti tute
  
  for Nature Conservation in Nyamitwiwi. FARDC increased its operations against
  
  armed groups in Rutshuru and Masisi territories, resulting in the killing of at least
  
  14 civilians, including 2 children, and some displacement of the population. On
  
  1 February, a FARDC soldier was reportedly killed and 250 households were
  
  displaced from Showa village to Masisi centre during a FARDC operation against
  
  APCLS. On 23 January, FARDC soldiers clashed with Mai-Mai FPP-AP at the barrier
  
  in Buleusa, northern Walikale territory, resulting in the death of two civilian boys,
  
  three FARDC soldiers and two armed group members.