Translate the text from Welsh to English.



 
Lluniwyd yr adroddiad gan y grŵp cynghori arbenigol ar BAME a COVID\-19, a sefydlwyd gan y Prif Weinidog, Mark Drakeford. Mae’r grŵp yn gwneud dros 30 o argymhellion i Lywodraeth Cymru ar gyfer mynd i’r afael â’r risgiau economaidd\-gymdeithasol ac amgylcheddol y tynnir sylw atynt yn yr adroddiad.


Sefydlwyd y grŵp cynghori i edrych ar y rhesymau pam y mae pobl o gymunedau BAME yn fwy tebygol o ddioddef effeithiau difrifol yn sgil y coronafeirws. Mae’n cael ei gadeirio ar y cyd gan y Barnwr Ray Singh a Dr Heather Payne, ac mae iddo dau is\-grŵp – un ohonynt â’r dasg o ymchwilio i’r rhesymau economaidd\-gymdeithasol.


Dywedodd yr Athro Emmanuel Ogbonna, a gadeiriodd yr is\-grŵp: “Mae thema gyffredin yn rhedeg drwy ein hymchwil ar gyfer yr adroddiad hwn.



> “Mae’n ymwneud â hiliaeth ac anfantais sy’n ymestyn yn ôl i’r gorffennol, a diffyg cynrychiolwyr BAME o fewn y broses benderfynu.  
> 
> 
> “Mae’r pandemig coronafeirws, ar un agwedd, yn datgelu canlyniadau’r diffyg gweithredu ar gydraddoldeb hiliol.  
> 
> 
> “Mae llawer o’r materion yr ydym wedi tynnu sylw atynt wedi cael eu nodi a’u trafod o’r blaen, ond ni fu gweithredu i’w datrys mewn unrhyw ffordd systematig na chynaliadwy.”


Mae’r adroddiad, sy’n cael ei gyhoeddi heddiw, yn nodi nifer o ffactorau risg economaidd\-gymdeithasol ac amgylcheddol allweddol, gan gynnwys:


* Cyfathrebu gwybodaeth am iechyd, ac effeithiolrwydd yr wybodaeth honno
* Materion diwylliannol o ran pa mor addas yw gwasanaethau iechyd a gwasanaethau cymdeithasol ar gyfer cymunedau BAME
* Ansicrwydd incwm a chyflogaeth, sy’n effeithio mewn modd anghymesur ar gymunedau BAME
* Ansawdd gwael data ethnigrwydd, sy’n llesteirio gwaith dadansoddi manwl a chywir.
* Tai gorlawn a’r amgylchedd
* Y baich ariannol sy’n cael ei greu gan statws mudo
* Rôl hiliaeth ac anfantais strwythurol a systemig.


  

Yn ei ymateb cychwynnol i adroddiad yr Athro Ogbonna, dywedodd y Prif Weinidog Mark Drakeford:



> “Cafodd y grŵp cynghori ei sefydlu i ymchwilio i’r gwahanol ffactorau economaidd\-gymdeithasol sy’n hanfodol ar gyfer sicrhau canlyniadau iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol i bobl o gefndiroedd BAME.



> “Rwy’n ddiolchgar iawn i’r Athro Ogbonna ac aelodau’r is\-grŵp am eu gwaith prydlon a manwl a hefyd eu hargymhellion.”


Roedd dadansoddiad gan y Swyddfa Ystadegau Gwladol o farwolaethau sy'n gysylltiedig â COVID\-19 ledled Cymru a Lloegr, yn ôl ethnigrwydd, yn dangos bod pobl o gefndir ethnig Du mewn mwy o berygl o farwolaeth am resymau yn cynnwys COVID\-19 na'r holl grwpiau ethnig eraill. Mae'r risg i wrywod duon wedi bod fwy na theirgwaith yn uwch nag i wrywod gwynion a bron i ddwywaith a hanner yn uwch i fenywod duon nag i fenywod gwynion.


Mae addasu ar gyfer ffactorau economaidd\-gymdeithasol a lleoliad daearyddol yn esbonio'r risg gynyddol yn rhannol, ond mae’r risg yn dal ddwywaith yn uwch i wrywod duon thua un a hanner gwaith yn uwch i fenywod duon. Mae gwahaniaethau arwyddocaol hefyd ar gyfer dynion Bangladeshaidd, Pacistanaidd ac Indiaidd


Lansiodd y Prif Weinidog ymchwiliad brys fis Ebrill i ddeall pam mae’r coronafeirws yn peri mwy o risg i gymunedau BAME.


Datblygodd yr ail is\-grŵp, o dan gadeiryddiaeth yr Athro Keshav Singhal, asesiad risg dau gam, a gafodd ei lansio yn y Gwasanaeth Iechyd ac yn y maes gofal cymdeithasol yng Nghymru yn ystod y mis diwethaf. Ei nod yw helpu pobl i asesu eu risg mewn perthynas â’r coronafeirws, er mwyn iddynt allu cymryd camau, mewn ymgynghoriad â’u cyflogwyr, i leihau’r perygl o ddod i gysylltiad â’r haint – camau a allai gynnwys defnyddio mwy o gyfarpar diogelu personol a newid eu rolau.







Translation:


 
The report by the BAME Covid\-19 expert advisory group, which was set up by First Minister Mark Drakeford, makes more than 30 recommendations to the Welsh Government to address the socio\-economic and environmental risks it highlights.


The advisory group was set up to look at the reasons why people from BAME communities were more likely to be adversely affected by coronavirus. It is co\-chaired by Judge Ray Singh and Dr Heather Payne and has two sub\-groups – one of which has been tasked with examining the socio\-economic factors.


Professor Emmanuel Ogbonna, who chaired the subgroup, said:



> “There’s an overall theme running through our research for this report.
> 
> 
> “It centres on long\-standing racism and disadvantage and the lack of BAME representation within decision\-making processes.
> 
> 
> “The coronavirus pandemic is, in some respects, revealing the consequences of a lack of action on race equality.
> 
> 
> “Many of the issues we’ve highlighted have been identified and discussed previously, but they haven’t been addressed in any systematic and sustained way.”


The report, which is published today, reveals a number of key socio\-economic and environmental risk factors, including:


* Communication of health information, and how effective it is
* Cultural issues relating to the suitability of health and social services for BAME communities
* Income and employment insecurity, which is experienced disproportionately by BAME communities
* Poor quality of ethnicity data, which is preventing accurate analysis
* Housing overcrowding and environment
* The financial burden created by migration status
* The role of structural and systemic racism and disadvantage.


  

In his initial response to Professor Ogbonna’s report, First Minister Mark Drakeford, said:



> “The advisory group was set up to investigate the range of socio\-economic factors which are critical to health and social care outcomes for people from BAME backgrounds.
> 
> 
> “I am very grateful to Professor Ogbonna and the members of the subgroup for their swift but detailed work and their recommendations.”


An analysis by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) of Covid\-19 related deaths across England and Wales by ethnicity showed that people from a Black ethnic background are at a greater risk of death involving COVID\-19 than all other ethnic groups. The risk for black males has been more than three times higher than white males and nearly two and a half times higher for black females than white.


Adjusting for socio\-economic factors and geographical location partly explains the increased risk, but there remains twice the risk for Black males and around one and a half times for black females. Significant differences also remain for Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Indian men.


The First Minister launched an urgent investigation in April to understand the reasons for the higher risk of coronavirus among BAME communities.


The second BAME Covid\-19 Advisory sub\-group, chaired by Professor Keshav Singhal, developed a two\-stage risk\-assessment, which was launched in the Welsh NHS and social care last month. It is designed to help people assess their risk of coronavirus and, in consultation with their employers, take steps to reduce their potential exposure, which could mean increasing their use of PPE to a change of roles.