Translate the text from Welsh to English.



 
Mae gogoniant mwyaf Tyndyrn, sef yr Eglwys Gothig, wedi sefyll ar lannau Afon Gwy ers dros 700 mlynedd. Dros y canrifoedd, mae'r tywydd wedi erydu'r gwaith cerrig canoloesol meddal ac mae prosiect cadwraeth ar raddfa fawr bellach yn mynd rhagddo i ddiogelu'r heneb a sicrhau ei bod yn ddiogel i ymwelwyr.

Dechreuodd ymchwiliadau archaeolegol ar y safle yn yr haf er mwyn helpu i lywio'r gwaith cadwraeth, a fydd yn mynd i'r afael ag erydiad naturiol a hindreuliad. Mae hyn yn cynnwys gwaith ymchwil hanesyddol, arolygon, gwaith cofnodi olion yr adeilad yn fanwl a gwaith cloddio i helpu i ddeall natur yr archaeoleg o dan lefel y ddaear.

Bydd angen sgaffaldiau uchel a thrwm iawn ar gyfer y gwaith cadwraeth a fydd yn mynd rhagddo yn ddiweddarach eleni. Cyn gosod y sgaffaldiau, comisiynwyd Archaeoleg Mynydd Du ac ArchaeoDomus i gynnal gwerthusiadau archaeolegol, er mwyn osgoi unrhyw nodweddion hynafol bregus a gladdwyd yn y ddaear a allai gael eu difrodi ac i sicrhau bod gan y sgaffaldiau sylfaen sefydlog.

Mae tîm Digging for Britain wedi bod ar y safle yn Nhyndyrn yn dilyn y gwaith cloddio, gyda rhai o'r darganfyddiadau yn cael sylw fel rhan o'r rhaglen ddydd Iau, gan gynnwys olion rhai o'r cyn\-feddianwyr, a ddadansoddwyd gan Brifysgol Caerdydd, ac o bosibl noddwyr yr abaty.

Daethpwyd o hyd i lawer o arteffactau diddorol o ddiwedd y 13eg ganrif i'r cyfnod modern, gan ein helpu i ddeall datblygiad yr abaty ar draws y canrifoedd. Mae'r rhain yn cynnwys darnau o wydr ffenestri canoloesol prin, teils llawr a chrochenwaith, a darnau arian o gyfnod Harri III (1216 i 1272\), Siôr III (1760 i 1820\), hyd at y cyfnodau Fictoraidd ac Edwardaidd. Bydd yr olion sydd wedi’u canfod ar y safle hefyd yn ymddangos ar y rhaglen Digging for Britain.

Dywedodd Pennaeth Cadw, Gwilym Hughes:


> Ers dros 700 mlynedd mae eglwys yr abaty wedi bod yn croesawu addolwyr, noddwyr cyfoethog ac ymwelwyr i'r lleoliad heddychlon hwn, ac unwaith eto mae angen ychydig o sylw arno.
> 
> ‌“Mae'r hyn sydd wedi'i ddarganfod hyd yma wedi dysgu cymaint mwy i ni am Abaty Tyndyrn ac wedi gwella ein gwybodaeth a'n dealltwriaeth ohono, ei hanes, ei adeiladau a'i archaeoleg. 
> 
> ‌“Rwy'n falch iawn y bydd gwylwyr Digging for Britain yn cael y cyfle i gael cipolwg ar y gwaith sy'n cael ei wneud.”

Dywedodd cyflwynydd Digging for Britain, Alice Roberts:


> Roedd yn fraint enfawr ymweld â Thyndyrn wrth i archaeolegwyr ddarganfod mwy am y tirnod hanesyddol hardd ac eiconig hwn. Roeddwn wrth fy modd yn gweld rhai o'r teils llawr addurnedig gwreiddiol, a oedd wedi’u claddu o dan rwbel dymchwel cyfnodau diweddarach. Mae'r gwaith archaeolegol yn rhan o brosiect mwy i warchod yr adeilad gwych hwn, gan ei gadw'n ddiogel ar gyfer cenedlaethau'r dyfodol.”

Dywedodd Richard Madgwick, Prifysgol Caerdydd:


> Dim ond ychydig o gladdedigaethau o'r Abaty yr ydym wedi'u dadansoddi hyd yn hyn, ond mae'r rhain eisoes yn rhoi cipolwg newydd heb ei ail ar fywydau preswylwyr yr Oesoedd Canol ac Ôl\-ganoloesol yn yr ardal. Mae'r rhain yn cynnwys straeon ingol, gan gynnwys yr hyn sy'n ymddangos yn berson anabl a fu’n derbyn gofal mawr a osodwyd i orffwys mewn bedd a dorrwyd ar frys ychydig wrth ymyl yr Abaty ar ôl y diwygiad, gan ddangos ei bod yn dal i fod ag arwyddocâd arbennig i rai yn lleol, hyd yn oed pan nad oedd yr Abaty yn cael ei ddefnyddio. Rydym bellach yn cychwyn ar raglen uchelgeisiol o ddadansoddi moleciwlaidd i adeiladu bywgraffiadau manylach, gan gynnwys asesiadau o ddeiet, iechyd a tharddiadau.”

Dywedodd Richard Lewis, Rheolwr Gyfarwyddwr Archaeoleg Mynydd Du:


> Rydym wedi cyffroi o gael cefnogi Cadw gyda’r rhaglen gadwraeth bwysig uchelgeisiol hon ar gyfer Eglwys Abaty Tyndyrn. Dyma fydd y tro cyntaf i gymaint o archwilio manwl gael ei wneud i’r Eglwys Abadol ers pan fu’r Weinyddiaeth Gwaith yn gwneud gwaith tirlunio a chloddio bron i ganrif yn ôl, ac mae’n gyfle cyffrous inni ddysgu mwy am yr adeilad mawreddog. Mae eisoes wedi gwella ein dealltwriaeth o'r dilyniant adeiladu yn sylweddol a sut y daeth hyn i ddisodli'r hyn oedd yno ynghynt.
> 
> "Un o'r darganfyddiadau mwyaf diddorol yw gwaith tirlunio helaeth y cyfnod canoloesol, a drawsnewidiodd y dirwedd o amgylch yr anheddiad mynachaidd, a rhai o'r ymdrechion cadwraethol o'r 1750au hyd heddiw, fel rhan o safle hardd ac atyniad i dwristiaid.
> 
> "Ar hyn o bryd, rydym yn archwilio rhan helaeth o’r eglwys ac yn cofnodi’r heneb gan ddefnyddio’r technegau cofnodi archaeolegol digidol arloesol diweddaraf. Rydym yn defnyddio dulliau ffotogrametreg a laser sydd ar flaen y gad, yn ogystal â meddalwedd ddigidol bwrpasol i gofnodi’r gwaith archwilio mewn 3D. Bydd hyn yn darparu cofnod manwl, cyfannol a pharhaus ar gyfer y dyfodol."

Dywedodd Ross Cook, perchennog ac Archaeolegydd Adeiladau a Dendrocronolegydd yn ArchaeoDomus:


> Ni welwyd archwiliadau o natur a chwmpas yr archwiliadau yn Nhyndyrn o’r blaen, a byddant yn darparu’r cofnod mwyaf cynhwysfawr o Heneb Gofrestredig yng Nghymru. 
> 
> “Bydd y rhaglen o gofnodi adeiladau yn archwilio pob modfedd o’r heneb ac yn creu cronfa ddata ‘fyw’ o wybodaeth yn ymwneud â’i chyflwr cyn gwneud gwaith cadwraeth arni ac ar ôl hynny, a’i datblygiad hanesyddol. Bydd modd ychwanegu at hyn yn y dyfodol er mwyn cefnogi’r gwaith o reoli’r safle hardd a phwysig hwn. Mae’n brosiect cyffrous iawn i fod yn rhan ohono, ac mae’n wych gweithio ochr yn ochr â Cadw a thîm gwych gan gynnwys arbenigwyr cydnabyddedig mewn hanes Sistersaidd a chadwraethwyr gwaith maen.
> 
> “Mae’r gwaith cloddio eisoes wedi bod o gymorth i wella ein dealltwriaeth o waith adeiladu a datblygiad yr Eglwys Abadol yn y byd canoloesol cyn ac ar ôl y Diwygiad. Hyd yn hyn, mae gennym ddarganfyddiadau sydd wedi helpu i wella ein dealltwriaeth o ddatblygiad yr Abaty rhwng yr eglwys gyntaf a'r ail eglwys. Yn benodol, mae nifer ac amrywiaeth y teils llawr canoloesol, gwydr lliw, a darnau bach o blastr wedi'u paentio, wedi dechrau creu darlun o sut roedd yr eglwys ddiweddarach yn edrych ar un adeg. Mae claddedigaethau Eglwysi Abadol cynnar a diweddarach wedi cael eu dadorchuddio, sydd wedi datgelu claddedigaethau syml yn y dull Sistersaidd hyd at gladdedigaethau statws uchel yr elît seciwlar. Yn bwysig, darganfuwyd nifer o gladdedigaethau ôl\-Ddiddymiad hefyd, sy'n awgrymu bod claddedigaethau Catholig."







Translation:


 
Tintern’s greatest glory, the Gothic Church, has stood on the banks of the River Wye for over 700 years. Over the centuries, the weather has eroded the soft medieval stonework and a large\-scale conservation project is now underway to preserve the monument and make it safe for visitors.

Archaeological investigations began on site in the summer to help inform the conservation works, which will address natural erosion and weathering. This includes historical research, surveys, detailed recording of the standing remains of the building and excavations to help understand the nature of below ground archaeology.

The conservation works which will go ahead later this year, require a very high and heavy scaffold. Before the scaffold is installed, Black Mountains Archaeology and ArchaeoDomus were commissioned to undertake archaeological evaluations, to avoid any ancient fragile features buried in the ground that may be damaged and to ensure that the scaffold has a stable base.

The Digging for Britain team has been on site at Tintern following the excavation works with some of the finds being featured as part of Thursday’s programme, including the remains of some the former occupants analysed by Cardiff University and possibly patrons of the abbey.

Many interesting artefacts have been recovered from the late 13th century to the modern period helping to understand the development of the abbey across the centuries. These include, fragments of rare medieval window glass, floor tiles and pottery, and coins from Henry III (1216 to 1272\), George III (1760 to 1820\), through to the Victorian and Edwardian Periods. The remains that have been found on the site will also feature in the Digging for Britain programme.

Head of Cadw, Gwilym Hughes, said:


> For over 700 years the abbey’s church has been welcoming worshippers, wealthy patrons and visitors to this tranquil location, and once again it requires some attention.
> 
> “What has been discovered so far has taught us so much more about and enhanced our knowledge and understanding of Tintern Abbey, its history, buildings and archaeology. 
> 
> “I’m delighted that the viewers of Digging for Britain will get the opportunity to get an insight to the work that is being carried out.”

Presenter of Digging for Britain, Alice Roberts, said:


> It was a huge privilege to visit Tintern as archaeologists discovered more about this beautiful and iconic historic landmark. I loved seeing some of the original decorated floor tiles, buried under the demolition rubble of later periods. The archaeological work is part of a bigger project to conserve this wonderful building, keeping it safe for future generations.”

Richard Madgwick, Reader in Archaeological Science, Cardiff University, said:


> We have only analysed a few burials from the Abbey so far but these are already providing unparalleled new insights into the lives of the Medieval and Post\-Medieval inhabitants of the area. These include poignant stories including what appears to be a much cared for disabled person laid to rest in a hastily cut grave just next to the Abbey after the reformation, showing that even when the Abbey was out of use it still held special significance for some locally. We are now embarking on an ambitious programme of molecular analysis to build up more detailed biographies, including assessments of diet, health and origins.”

Richard Lewis, Managing Director, Black Mountains Archaeology, said:


> We are very excited to be supporting Cadw with this ambitious, landmark conservation programme for Tintern Abbey’s Great Church. This will be the first time that the Abbey Church will have been investigated in such detail since the Ministry/Office of Works carried out their landscaping and excavations nearly 100 years ago and offers an exciting opportunity for us to learn more about the magnificent building. It has already significantly improved our understanding of the construction sequence and how this came to replace the earlier.
> 
> "One of the most interesting discoveries is the extensive landscaping of both the medieval period, which transformed the landscape around the monastic settlement, and those of the conservation efforts from the 1750s to the present day, as part of a picturesque site and tourist attraction.
> 
> "We are currently investigating a large area of the church and we are recording the monument using the latest modern digital archaeological recording techniques. We are using cutting edge photogrammetry and laser methods, together with bespoke digital software to record the investigations in 3D. This will provide a detailed, holistic and lasting record for the future."

Ross Cook, the owner and Buildings Archaeologist and Dendrochronologist at ArchaeoDomus, said:


> The nature and scope of the investigations at Tintern are unprecedented and will provide the most comprehensive record of a Scheduled Monument in Wales. 
> 
> “The programme of buildings recording will explore every inch of the monument and create a 'living' database of information relating to its pre\- and post\-conservation condition and historical development. This will continue to be added to in the future to support the management of this beautiful and important site. It's a very exciting project to be a part of and great to work alongside Cadw and a wonderful team including acknowledged specialists in the history of the Cistercians and masonry conservators.
> 
> “The excavations have already helped improve our understanding of the construction and development of the Abbey Church in both the pre\- and post\-Reformation medieval world. So far, we have finds that have helped improve our understanding of the development of the Abbey between the first and second churches. In particular, the quantity and range of medieval floor tiles, stained glass, and small pieces of painted plaster, have begun to paint a picture of how the later church once looked. Burials of both the early and later Abbey Churches have been unearthed, which has revealed simple burials in the Cistercian manner to high status burials of secular elites. Importantly, a number of post\-Dissolution burials have also been discovered, suggesting secret Catholic interment continued after Henry VIII Protestant Reformation.”