Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program in the United States, 2000

Beginning in 1996, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
initiated a major redesign of its multisite drug-monitoring program,
the Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) system (DRUG USE FORECASTING IN 24
CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES, 1987-1997 [ICPSR 9477]). The program was
retitled Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) (see ARRESTEE DRUG
ABUSE MONITORING (ADAM) PROGRAM IN THE UNITED STATES, 1998 [ICPSR
2628] and 1999 [ICPSR 2994]). ADAM extended DUF in the number of sites
and improved the quality and generalizability of the data. The
redesign was fully implemented in all sites beginning in the first
quarter of 2000. The ADAM program implemented a new and expanded adult
instrument in the first quarter of 2000, which was used for both the
male (Part 1) and female (Part 2) data. The juvenile data for 2000
(Part 3) used the juvenile instrument from previous years. The ADAM
program also moved to probability-based sampling for the adult male
population during 2000. Therefore, the 2000 adult male sample includes
weights, generated through post-sampling stratification of the
data. The shift to sampling of the adult male population in 2000
required that all 35 sites move to a common catchment area, the
county. The core instrument for the adult cases was supplemented by a
facesheet, which was used to collect demographic and charge
information from official records. Core instruments were used to
collect self-report information from the respondent. Both the adult
and juvenile instruments were administered to persons arrested and
booked on local or state charges relevant to the jurisdiction (i.e.,
not federal or out-of-county charges) within the past 48 hours. At the
completion of the interview the arrestee was asked to voluntarily
provide a urine specimen. An external lab used the Enzyme Multiplied
Immunoassay Testing (EMIT) protocols to test for the presence of ten
drugs or metabolites of the drug in the urine sample. All amphetamine
positives were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS) to determine whether methamphetamine was used. For the adult
data, variables from the facesheet include arrest precinct, ZIP code
of arrest location, ZIP code of respondent's address, respondent's
gender and race, three most serious arrest charges, sample source
(stock, flow, other), interview status (including reason the
individual selected in the sample was not interviewed), language of
instrument used, and the number of hours since arrest. Demographic
information from the core instrument includes respondent's age,
ethnicity, residency, education, employment, health insurance
coverage, marital status, housing, and telephone access. Variables
from the calendar provide information on inpatient and outpatient
substance abuse treatment, inpatient mental health treatment, arrests
and incarcerations, heavy alcohol use, use of marijuana, crack/rock
cocaine, powder cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and other drug (ever
and previous 12 months), age of first use of the above six drugs and
heavy alcohol use, drug dependency in the previous 12 months,
characteristics of drug transactions in past 30 days, use of
marijuana, crack/rock cocaine, powder cocaine, heroin, and
methamphetamine in past 30 days, 7 days, and 48 hours, heavy alcohol
use in past 30 days, and secondary drug use of 15 other drugs in the
past 48 hours. Urine test results are provided for 11 drugs --
marijuana, cocaine, opiates, phencyclidine (PCP), benzodiazepines
(Valium), propoxyphene (Darvon), methadone, methaqualone,
barbiturates, amphetamines, and methamphetamine. The adult data files
include several derived variables. The male data also include four
sampling weights, and stratum identifications and percents. For the
juvenile data, demographic variables include age, race, sex,
educational attainment, employment status, and living
circumstances. Data also include each juvenile arrestee's
self-reported use of 15 drugs (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, powder
cocaine, crack, heroin, PCP, amphetamines, barbiturates, quaaludes,
methadone, crystal methamphetamine, Valium, LSD, and inhalants). For
each drug type, arrestees reported whether they had ever used the
drug, age of first use, whether they had used the drug in the past 30
days and past 72 hours, number of days they used the drug in past
month, whether they tried to cut down or quit using the drug, if they
were successful, whether they felt dependent on the drug, whether they
were receiving treatment for the drug, whether they had received
treatment for the drug in the past, and whether they thought they
could use treatment for that drug. Additional variables include
whether juvenile respondents had ever injected drugs, whether they
were influenced by drugs when they allegedly committed the crime for
which they were arrested, whether they had been to an emergency room
for drug-related incidents, and if so, whether in the past 12 months,
and information on arrests and charges in the past 12 months. As with
the adult data, urine test results are also provided. Finally,
variables covering precinct (precinct of arrest) and law (penal law
code associated with the crime for which the juvenile was arrested)
are also provided for use by local law enforcement officials at each
site.