AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Study of Biosocial Factors Related to Crime and Delinquency, 1959-1962: [Pennsylvania]

This study was designed to measure the effects of family
background and developmental characteristics on school achievement and
delinquency within a "high risk" sample of Black youths. The study
includes variables describing the mother and the child. Mother-related
variables assess prenatal health, pregnancy and delivery
complications, and socioeconomic status. Child-related variables focus
on the child at age 7 and include place in birth order, physical
development, family constellation, socioeconomic status, verbal and
spatial intelligence, and number of offenses.
Prison Crowding and Forced Releases in Illinois, 1979-1982

These data were collected in the Illinois prison system
 where, in response to a prison overcrowding crisis, approximately
 two-thirds of the inmates released by the Illinois Department of
 Corrections (IDOC) were discharged prior to serving their expected
 sentences. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of an early
 release program on prisoners, prison populations, offense rates, local
 criminal justice systems, and the general public. The files contain
 extensive Federal Bureau of Investigation arrest history information
 and other personal and social indicators describing inmates released
 from the state prison system. Data are available for three comparison
 groups: (1) a sample of prisoners who served their regular sentences
 prior to the "forced release" program, (2) a group that served regular
 sentences after implementation of the program, and (3) a group of
 inmates who were released early under the program (i.e., before
 serving their full sentences). The "inmate jacket file," which is the
 comprehensive institutional file maintained for all inmates, contains
 variables for each inmate on social and personal characteristics,
 criminal history, risk scales, court decisions for each offense,
 institutional conduct, prior release and return records, method of
 release, condition of supervision, and parole violation records. The
 arrest file includes variables that describe the type and number of
 charges at arrest, case disposition of each charge, probation length,
incarceration length, admission and release dates, and release type.
Differential Use of Jail Confinement in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Yolo Counties, 1981

This study provides detailed information on inmate
characteristics, length of time in jail, methods of release, conditions
of release, disciplinary violations, and types of program participation
while in jail. The file contains variables for each inmate, including
information about inmates' demographic characteristics, current
offenses, prior records, confinement conditions, disciplinary problems,
and nature and time of disposition.
Supervised Pretrial Release Programs, 1979-1982:  Miami, Milwaukee, and Portland

This data collection effort was designed to assess the
effects of different types of supervised pretrial release (SPR). Four
major types of effects were examined: (1) defendants' behaviors while
awaiting trial (failure to appear and arrests for new offenses), (2)
the costs of SPR to victims and the criminal justice system, (3)
pretrial release practices, and (4) jail populations. This study
provides detailed information for a selected group of defendants
awaiting trial on criminal histories and arrests while awaiting trial.
Data are also available on services provided between arrest and
disposition. The study produced four different data sets. The first,
Supervised Release Information System (SRIS), contains intake
information on current arrest, criminal record, socio-economic status,
ties with the community, contact with mental health and substance abuse
facilities, and pretrial release decisions. The release section of this
data base contains information on services provided, intensity of
supervision, termination from program, personal characteristics at
termination, criminal charges at disposition, and new charges resulting
from arrests while under pretrial status. The Arrest Data Set includes
variables on type and number of crimes committed by SPR defendants,
property costs to victims, personal injury costs, and court disposition
for each offense. The Retrospective Data Set supplies variables on
charges filed and method of release, personal characteristics, length
of pretrial incarceration, bail, whether the defendant was rebooked
during the pretrial period, charge at disposition, sentence, total
court appearances, and total failures to appear in court (FTAs). The
Jail Population Data Set contains monthly counts of jail population and
average daily population.
National Evaluation of the Community Anti-Crime Program, 1979-1981

The survey was designed to explore the thesis that
 effective prevention and control of crime requires a community-wide
 effort that involves law enforcement agencies, other elements of
 government, and the citizens in a coordinated attack on problems of
 crime. The data include information on program start-up,
 implementation, and the community itself, as well as information on
the specific activities undertaken by the programs.
Effects of Prison Versus Probation in California, 1980-1982

This study was divided into two phases. The first assessed the effects of different sanctions on separate criminal populations, focusing on probation as a sentencing alternative for felons. The second phase used a quasi-experimental design to address how imprisonment affects criminal behavior when criminals are released. Specific issues included: (a) the effect that imprisonment (vs. probation) and length of time served have on recidivism, (b) the amount of crime prevented by imprisoning offenders rather than placing them on probation, and (c) costs to the system for achieving that reduction in crime.
Women Correctional Officers in California, 1979

This study examined women correctional officers working in
the 11 institutions for men operated by the California Department of
Corrections in 1979. For Part 1, Census, researchers conducted a
census of all 386 female correctional officers working in these
institutions to collect demographic characteristics and baseline
data. For Parts 2 (Staff) and 3 (Inmate), a survey was administered to
staff and inmates asking their opinions about differences in
performance between male and female correctional officers. Part 4,
Profile, contains demographic and background data for the officers
participating in the Part 2 survey. For Parts 5 (Female) and 6 (Male),
researchers gathered job performance data for female correctional
officers in 7 of the 11 institutions, as well as a matched sample of
male correctional officers. Variables in Parts 1 and 4-6 include
demographic information such as age, ethnicity, marital status, number
of children, and educational and occupational history. Other variables
measure attributes such as age, weight, and height, and record career
information such as date and location of permanent assignment as a
correctional officer, any breaks in service, and other criminal
justice work experience. Additional variables in Parts 5 and 6 include
job performance measures, such as ratings on skills, knowledge, work
habits, learning ability, overall work habits, quality and quantity of
work, and commendations. Parts 2 and 3 present information on staff
and inmate evaluations of male and female correctional officers
performing specific roles, such as control work officer, yard officer,
or security squad officer. Additional variables include opinions on
how well male and female officers handled emergency situations,
maintained control under stress, and used firearms when
necessary. Questions were also asked about whether inmates' or
officers' safety was endangered with female officers, whether women
should be hired as correctional officers, and whether female officers
were gaining acceptance in correctional facilities.
Relationships Between Employment and Crime:  A Survey of Brooklyn Residents, 1979-1980

The study was designed to explore the relationship between
employment and involvement with the criminal justice system. Males
arrested primarily for felony offenses were interviewed at the central
booking agency in Brooklyn, New York, at the time of their arrests in
1979. A subsample of 152 arrestees was reinterviewed in 1980. The
data include information on labor market participation, arrests,
periods of incarceration, and the respondents' demographic
characteristics. The labor market information spans a two-year period
prior to those arrests. Arrest history and other criminal justice
data cover the two years prior to arrest and one year following the
arrest. Additional variables supply information on employment and
occupation, social and neighborhood characteristics, and perceptions
of the risk of committing selected crimes.
Six-Year Follow-up Study on Career Criminals, 1970-1976: [United States]

The major objective of the Six-year Follow-up Study on
Career Criminals was to provide data describing the effects of
sentencing decisions on the behavior of career criminals. A second
purpose was to develop programs to target career offenders at the time
of sentencing who were likely to commit crimes in the future and
incarcerate them accordingly. The data collection includes detailed
demographic background and complete prior and follow-up criminal
records for each selected offender. There are two types of data sets in
the study, the PSI data set based on pre-sentence investigation (PSI)
reports, and the Parole data set based on Parole Commission records.
The PSI data set describes each offender's demographic background,
criminal history, and court entry/exit history. The Parole data set
contains information about the offender's background characteristics,
prior records of arrests, convictions, dispositions and sentences, and
follow-up records for a period of six years. Arrests are described in
terms of arrest date, offense charge, disposition, result of sentence,
and months incarcerated.
Sentencing in Eight United States District Courts, 1973-1978

This data collection provides information about sentencing
patterns established by the United States District Courts for federal
offenses. It is one of only a few studies that examine federal
sentencing patterns, court involvement, sentencing, and criminal
histories. Eleven types of crimes are included: bank robbery,
embezzlement, income tax evasion, mail theft, forgery, drugs, random
other, false claims, homicide, bribery of a public official, and mail
fraud. There are three kinds of data files that pertain to the 11 types
of crimes: psi files, offense files, and AO files. The psi files
describe defendant demographic background and criminal history. The
offense files contain questions tailored to a particular type of
offense committed by a defendant and the results of conviction and
sentencing. The AO files provide additional information on defendants'
background characteristics, court records, and dates of court entry and
exit.
Employment Services for Ex-Offenders, 1981-1984:  Boston, Chicago, and San Diego

This study was conducted to test whether job counseling and
placement services, accompanied by intensive follow-up after
placement, would significantly increase the effectiveness of
employment programs for individuals recently released from
prison. Data were collected on personal, criminal, and employment
backgrounds, including the type, duration, and pay of previous
employment, living arrangements, marital status, criminal history, and
characteristics of the employment placement.
Police Services Study, Phase II, 1977:  Rochester, St. Louis, and St. Petersburg

The data for this study were collected in order to examine
the delivery of police services in selected
neighborhoods. Performances of police agencies organized in different
ways were compared as they delivered services to different sets of
comparable neighborhoods. For Part 1, Citizen Debriefing Data, data
were drawn from telephone interviews conducted with citizens who were
involved in police-citizen encounters or who requested police services
during the observed shifts. The file contains data on the citizens
involved in observed encounters, their satisfaction with the delivered
services, and neighborhood characteristics. This file includes
variables such as the type of incident, estimated property loss,
police response time, type of action taken by police, citizen
satisfaction with the handling of the problem by police, reasons for
dissatisfaction, the emotional state of the citizen during the
encounter, whom the officers referred the citizen to for help, the
citizen's prior contacts with police, and the citizen's education,
age, sex, and total family income. Part 2, General Shift Information,
contains data describing the shift (i.e., the eight-hour tour of duty
to which the officers were assigned), the officers, and the events
occurring during an observed shift. This file includes such variables
as the total number of encounters, a breakdown of dispatched runs by
type, the number of contacts with other officers, the number of
contacts with non-police support units, officer discretion in taking
legal action, and officer attitudes on patrol styles and
activities. Part 3, Police Encounters Data, describes police
encounters observed by the research team during selected shifts. It
consists of information describing the officers' role in encounters
with citizens observed during a shift and their demeanor toward the
citizens involved. The file includes variables such as the type of
encounter, how the encounter began, whether the citizens involved
possessed a weapon, the encounter location, what other agencies were
present during the encounter and when they arrived, police actions
during the encounter, the role of citizens involved in the encounter,
the demeanor of the officer toward the citizens during the encounter,
actions taken by the citizens, which services were requested by the
citizens, and how the observer affected the encounter. Part 4,
Victimization Survey Data, examined citizen attitudes about the police and
crime in their neighborhoods. The data were obtained through telephone
interviews conducted by trained interviewers. These interviews
followed a standard questionnaire designed by the project
leaders. Variables include perceived risk of victimization,
evaluations of the delivery of police services, household
victimization occurring in the previous year, actions taken by
citizens in response to crime, and demographic characteristics of the
neighborhood.
Participation in Illegitimate Activities:  Ehrlich Revisited, 1960

This study re-analyzes Isaac Ehrlich's 1960 cross-section
data on the relationship between aggregate levels of punishment and
crime rates. It provides alternative model specifications and
estimations. The study examined the deterrent effects of punishment on
seven FBI index crimes: murder, rape, assault, larceny, robbery,
burglary, and auto theft. Socio-economic variables include family
income, percentage of families earning below half of the median income,
unemployment rate for urban males in the age groups 14-24 and 35-39,
labor force participation rate, educational level, percentage of young
males and non-whites in the population, percentage of population in the
SMSA, sex ratio, and place of occurrence. Two sanction variables are
also included: 1) the probability of imprisonment, and 2) the average
time served in prison when sentenced (severity of punishment). Also
included are: per capita police expenditure for 1959 and 1960, and the
crime rates for murder, rape, assault, larceny, robbery, burglary, and
auto theft.
Criminality Among Narcotic Addicts in Baltimore:  The Role of Nonnarcotic Drugs, 1973-1978

This study investigated the frequency with which various
nonnarcotic substances were used by male narcotic addicts and the
relation of these substances to different types of criminal activity
during periods of active addiction and periods of non- addiction. The
variables were designed to facilitate an analysis of narcotic addicts
as crime risks, patterns of nonnarcotic drug use, and the percentage of
illegal income addicts obtained during periods of addiction compared
with periods of nonaddiction. Information is included concerning types
of narcotic drug use, crime patterns, and use of marijuana, cocaine,
barbiturates, amphetamines, and Librium.
Sanctions in the Justice System, 1942-1977: The Effects on Offenders in Racine, Wisconsin

The purpose of this data collection was to evaluate the
effectiveness of judicial intervention and varying degrees of sanction
severity by comparing persons who have been processed at the juvenile
or adult level in the justice system with persons who have not. The
main research question was whether the number of judicial interventions
and severity of sanctions had any effects on the seriousness of
offenders' future offenses or the decision to desist from such
behavior. Variables include characteristics of the person who had the
police contact as well as items specific to a particular police
contact. Others are the number of police contacts, seriousness of
police contacts, severity of sanctions, and age, cohort, and decade the
contact occurred.
Matching Treatment and Offender:  North Carolina, 1980-1982

These data were gathered in order to evaluate the 
 implications of rational choice theory for offender rehabilitation. The 
 hypothesis of the research was that income-enhancing prison 
 rehabilitation programs are most effective for the economically 
 motivated offender. The offender was characterized by demographic and 
 socio-economic characteristics, criminal history and behavior, and work 
 activities during incarceration. Information was also collected on type 
 of release and post-release recidivistic and labor market measures. 
 Recividism was measured by arrests, convictions, and reincarcerations, 
 length of time until first arrest after release, and seriousness of 
offense leading to reincarceration.
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Consequences of Substance Use, Wave 3, 2000-2002

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
 (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families,
 schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development.
 One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
 was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
 their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
 circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
 that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
 behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to
 gauge various aspects of human development, including individual
 differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such
 measure was the Consequences of Substance Use interview. It was
 administered to subjects in Cohorts 9, 12, 15, and 18 and obtained
 information related to outcomes of the subject being caught, by school
 officials, police, or their parents, using alcohol or drugs. Subjects
 in Cohorts 15 and 18 were asked questions from a slightly different
 instrument than subjects in Cohorts 9 and 12. Cohorts 15 and 18 were
 asked more detailed questions regarding what substances and what
quantity subjects were caught with.
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Community Involvement and Collective Efficacy (Young Adult), Wave 3, 2000-2002

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
 (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families,
 schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development.
 One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
 was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
 their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
 circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
 that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
 behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to
 gauge various aspects of human development, including individual
 differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such
 measure was the Community Involvement and Collective Efficacy (Young
 Adult) instrument. It was administered to subjects in Cohorts 15 and
 18. It collected information relating to participation in community
 groups, as well as information about the neighborhood. Some of the
 questions used were drawn from PROJECT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO
 NEIGHBORHOODS: COMMUNITY SURVEY, 1994-1995 (ICPSR 2766). The same set
 of questions was administered to subjects' primary caregivers in
 Cohorts 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 in PROJECT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN
 CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT AND COLLECTIVE
EFFICACY (PRIMARY CAREGIVER), WAVE 3, 2000-2002 (ICPSR 13684).
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Circles, Wave 3, 2000-2002

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
 (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families,
 schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development.
 One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
 was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
 their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
 circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
 that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
 behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to
 gauge various aspects of human development, including individual
 differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such
 measure was the Circles instrument. It was administered to subjects in
 Cohorts 0 and 3 and obtained a measurement of the subject's motor
 control. Subjects were given a drawing of a circle and then asked to
 draw a circle, themselves, staying between lines on a sheet of paper
 given to them. Three different trials were administered. The initial
 trial served as a baseline. For the second trial, the subject was
 asked to draw the circle as quickly as possible, and for the third
trial the subject was asked to draw the circle as slowly as possible.