AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Census of Public Defender Offices: County-Based and Local Offices, 2007

The Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) 2007 Census of Public Defender Offices (CPDO) collected data from public defender offices located across 49 states and the District of Columbia.  Public defender offices are one of three methods through which states and localities ensure that indigent defendants are granted the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment right to counsel. (In addition to defender offices, indigent defense services may also be provided by court-assigned private counsel or by a contract system in which private attorneys contractually agree to take on a specified number of indigent defendants or indigent defense cases.) Public defender offices have a salaried staff of full- or part-time attorneys who represent indigent defendants and are employed as direct government employees or through a public, nonprofit organization.
Public defenders play an important role in the United States criminal justice system.  Data from prior BJS surveys on indigent defense representation indicate that most criminal defendants rely on some form of publicly provided defense counsel, primarily public defenders. Although the United States Supreme Court has mandated that the states provide counsel for indigent persons accused of crime, documentation on the nature and provision of these services has not been readily available.
States have devised various systems, rules of organization, and funding mechanisms for indigent defense programs. While the operation and funding of public defender offices varies across states, public defender offices can be generally classified as being part of either a state program or a county-based system. The 22 state public defender programs functioned entirely under the direction of a central administrative office that funded and administered all the public defender offices in the state. For the 28 states with county-based offices, indigent defense services were administered at the county or local jurisdictional level and funded principally by the county or through a combination of county and state funds.
The CPDO collected data from both state- and county-based offices. All public defender offices that were principally funded by state or local governments and provided general criminal defense services, conflict services, or capital case representation were within the scope of the study. Federal public defender offices and offices that provided primarily contract or assigned counsel services with private attorneys were excluded from the data collection. In addition, public defender offices that were principally funded by a tribal government, or provided primarily appellate or juvenile services were outside the scope of the project and were also excluded.
The CPDO gathered information on public defender office staffing, expenditures, attorney training, standards and guidelines, and caseloads, including the number and type of cases received by the offices. The data collected by the CPDO can be compared to and analyzed against many of the existing national standards for the provision of indigent defense services.
Census of Law Enforcement Training Academies, 2002: [United States]  

The 2002 Census of Law Enforcement Training Academies
 (CLETA02) was the first effort by the Bureau of Justice Statistics
 (BJS) to collect information from law enforcement training academies
 across the United States. The CLETA02 included all currently
 operating academies that provided basic law enforcement training.
 Academies that provided only in-service training,
 corrections/detention training, or other special types of training
 were excluded. Data were collected on personnel, expenditures,
 facilities, equipment, trainees, training curricula, and a variety of
 special topic areas. As of year-end 2002, a total of 626 law
 enforcement academies operating in the United States offered basic law
 enforcement training to individuals recruited or seeking to become law
enforcement officers.
Census of Law Enforcement Gang Units, 2007

The 2007 Census of Law Enforcement Gang Units (CLEGU) collected data from all state and local law enforcement agencies with 100 or more sworn officers and at least one officer dedicated solely to addressing gangs and gang activities. Law enforcement agencies are often the first line of response to the gang problems experienced across the country and are a critical component of most anti-gang initiatives. One way for law enforcement agencies to address gang-related problems is to form specialized gang units. The consolidation of an agency's gang enforcement activities and resources into a single unit can allow gang unit officers to develop specific expertise and technical skills related to local gang characteristics and behaviors and gang prevention and suppression.
No prior studies have collected data regarding the organization and operations of law enforcement gang units nationwide, the types of gang prevention tactics employed, or the characteristics and training of gang unit officers.
This CLEGU collected data on the operations, workload, policies, and procedures of gang units in large state and local law enforcement agencies in order to expand knowledge of gang prevention and enforcement tactics.  The CLEGU also collected summary measures of gang activity in the agencies' jurisdictions to allow for comparison across jurisdictions with similar gang problems.
Census of Law Enforcement Aviation Units, 2007 [United States]

The 2007 Census of Law Enforcement Aviation Units is the first systematic, national-level data collection providing information about law enforcement aviation assets and functions.  In general, these units provide valuable airborne support for traditional ground-based police operations.  An additional role following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks is the provision of essential
homeland security functions, such as providing critical facility checks of buildings, ports and harbors, public utilities, inland waterways, oil refineries, bridges and spans, water storage/reservoirs, National and/or State monuments, water treatment plants, irrigation facilities, airports, and natural resources.  Aviation units are thought to be able to perform critical facility checks and routine patrol and support operations with greater efficiency than ground-based personnel. However, little is presently known about the equipment, personnel, operations, expenditures, and safety requirements of these units on a national level. This information is critical to law enforcement policy development, planning, and budgeting at all levels of government.
The data will supply law enforcement agencies with a benchmark for comparative analysis with other similarly situated agencies, and increase understanding of the support that aviation units provide to ground-based police operations.
Federal Justice Statistics Program: Defendants Charged in Criminal Cases Filed in District Court, 2010

The data contain records of defendants in federal criminal cases filed in United States District Court during fiscal year 2010. The data were constructed from the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA) Central System file. According to the EOUSA, the United States attorneys conduct approximately 95 percent of the prosecutions handled by the Department of Justice. The Central System data contain variables from the original EOUSA files as well as additional analysis variables, or "SAF" variables, that denote subsets of the data. These SAF variables are related to statistics reported in the Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics. Variables containing identifying information (e.g., name, Social Security Number) were replaced with blanks, and the day portions of date fields were also sanitized in order to protect the identities of individuals. These data are part of a series designed by the Urban Institute (Washington, DC) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data and documentation were prepared by the Urban Institute.
Census of Jail Inmates: Individual-Level Data, 2005

The Census of Jail Inmates is the eighth in a series of
 data collection efforts aimed at studying the nation's
 locally-administered jails. Beginning in 2005, the National Jail
 Census was broken out into two collections. The 2005 Census of Jail
 Inmates (CJI) collects data on the facilities' supervised populations,
 inmate counts and movements, and persons supervised in the community.
 The forthcoming 2006 Census of Jail Facilities collects information
 on staffing levels, programming, and facility policies. Previous
 censuses were conducted in 1970, 1972, 1978, 1983, 1988, 1993, and
 1999. The 2005 CJI enumerated 2,960 locally administered confinement
 facilities that held inmates beyond arraignment and were staffed by
 municipal or county employees. Among these were 42 privately-operated
 jails under contract to local governments and 65 regional jails that
 were operated for two or more jail authorities. In addition, the
 census identified 12 facilities maintained by the Federal Bureau of
 Prisons that functioned as jails. These 12 facilities, together with
 the 2,960 nonfederal facilities, brought the number of jails in
 operation on June 30, 2005, to a nationwide total of 2,972. The CJI
 supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and
 releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their
 rated capacities and level of occupancy, crowding issues, growth in
 the population supervised in the community, and changes in methods of
 community supervision. The CJI also provides information on changes in
 the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons
 held, and a count of non-United States citizens in custody. The data
 are intended for a variety of users, including federal and state
 agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators,
researchers, planners, and the public.
Census of Jail Facilities, 2006

To reduce respondent burden and improve data quality and timeliness, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) split the jail census into two parts: The Census of Jail Inmates was conducted with a reference date of June 30, 2005. The following spring it was followed by this enumeration, the Census of Jail Facilities, which collected data as of March 31, 2006. Previous jail enumerations were conducted in 1970 (ICPSR 7641), 1972 (ICPSR 7638), 1978 (ICPSR 7737), 1983 (ICPSR 8203), 1988 (ICPSR 9256), 1993 (ICPSR 6648), and 1999 (ICPSR 3318). The United States Census Bureau collected the data for the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
The 2006 Census of Jail Facilities gathered data from all jail detention facilities holding inmates beyond arraignment, a period normally exceeding 72 hours. Jail facilities were operated by cities and counties, by private entities under contract to correctional authorities, and by the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP).
Excluded from the census were physically separate temporary holding facilities such as drunk tanks and police lockups that do not hold persons after being formally charged in court. Also excluded were state-operated facilities in Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Alaska, which have combined jail-prison systems. Fifteen independently operated jails in Alaska were included in the Census.
The census collected jurisdictional level information on the
number of confined inmates; average daily population; number of
separate jail facilities; renovation and building plans; court
orders and consent decrees; staff by occupational category and
race/ethnicity; jail programs; and costs of operation. The
census also collected individual jail facility information on
the purpose for which the jail held offenders; gender of the
inmates authorized to house; functions, such as general adult
population confinement, work release, and medical treatment;
whether a separate temporary holding area or lockup was
operated; rated capacity; number of confined inmates by gender
and adult or juvenile status; year of original construction;
and whether the facility ever had a major renovation.
Federal Justice Statistics Program: Defendants in Criminal Cases Filed in District Court, 1994 [United States]

The data contain records of defendants in federal criminal cases filed in United States District Court during fiscal year 1994. The data were constructed from the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA) Central System file. According to the EOUSA, the United States attorneys conduct approximately 95 percent of the prosecutions handled by the Department of Justice. The Central System data contain variables from the original EOUSA files as well as additional analysis variables, or "SAF" variables, that denote subsets of the data. These SAF variables are related to statistics reported in the Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics. Variables containing identifying information (e.g., name, Social Security Number) were replaced with blanks, and the day portions of date fields were also sanitized in order to protect the identities of individuals. These data are part of a series designed by the Urban Institute (Washington, DC) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data and documentation were prepared by the Urban Institute.
Annual Survey of Jails: Jurisdiction-Level Data, 2006

This collection provides annual data on jail populations
 across the nation and examines the "spillover" on local jails
 resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison
 populations. These data are used to track growth in the number of
 jails and their capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of
 the jail population (including sex, race, and adult or juvenile
 status), supervision status of persons held, prevalence of crowding
 issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail
population.
Federal Justice Statistics Program: Offenders Admitted to Prison, 2005

The data contain records of sentenced offenders committed to the custody of the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) during fiscal year 2005. The data include commitments of United States District Court, violators of conditions of release (e.g., parole, probation, or supervised release violators), offenders convicted in other courts (e.g., military or District of Columbia courts), and persons admitted to prison as material witnesses or for purposes of treatment, examination, or transfer to another authority. These data include variables that describe the offender, such as age, race, citizenship, as well as variables that describe the sentences and expected prison terms. The data file contains original variables from the Bureau of Prisons' SENTRY database, as well as "SAF" variables that denote subsets of the data. These SAF variables are related to statistics reported in the Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, Tables 7.9-7.16. Variables containing identifying information (e.g., name, Social Security Number) were replaced with blanks, and the day portions of date fields were also sanitized in order to protect the identities of individuals. These data are part of a series designed by the Urban Institute (Washington, DC) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data and documentation were prepared by the Urban Institute.
Annual Survey of Jails: Jurisdiction-Level Data, 2004

This collection provides annual data on jail populations
 across the nation and examines the "spillover" on local jails
 resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison
 populations. These data are used to track growth in the number of
 jails and their capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of
 the jail population (including sex, race, and adult or juvenile
 status), supervision status of persons held, prevalence of crowding
 issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail
population.
Annual Survey of Jails: Jurisdiction-Level Data, 2003

This collection provides annual data on jail populations
 across the nation and examines the "spillover" on local jails
 resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison
 populations. These data are used to track growth in the number of
 jails and their capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of
 the jail population (including sex, race, and adult or juvenile
 status), supervision status of persons held, prevalence of crowding
 issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail
population.
Annual Survey of Jails:  Jurisdiction-Level Data, 2002

This collection provides annual data on jail populations
 across the nation and examines the "spillover" on local jails
 resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison
 populations. These data are used to track growth in the number of
 jails and their capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of
 the jail population (including sex, race, and adult or juvenile
 status), supervision status of persons held, prevalence of crowding
 issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail
population.
Annual Survey of Jails:  Jurisdiction-Level Data, 2001  

This collection provides annual data on jail populations
 across the nation and examines the "spillover" on local jails
 resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison
 populations. These data are used to track growth in the number of
 jails and their capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of
 the jail population (including sex, race, and adult or juvenile
 status), supervision status of persons held, prevalence of crowding
 issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail
population.
Annual Survey of Jails: Jurisdiction-Level Data, 2000

This collection provides annual data on jail populations
 across the nation and examines the "spillover" on local jails
 resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison
 populations. These data are used to track growth in the number of
 jails and their capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of
 the jail population (including sex, race, and adult or juvenile
 status), supervision status of persons held, prevalence of crowding
 issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail
population.
Annual Survey of Jails:  Jurisdiction-Level Data, 1998    

This collection provides annual data on jail populations
 across the nation and examines the "spillover" on local jails
 resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison
 populations. These data are used to track growth in the number of
 jails and their capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of
 the jail population (including sex, race, and adult or juvenile
 status), supervision status of persons held, prevalence of crowding
 issues, and a count of non-U.S. citizens within the jail population. A
 special addendum to the 1998 survey included data on the prevalence
and results of drug testing and treatment in jails.
Federal Justice Statistics Program: Offenders Admitted to Prison, 2006

The data contain records of sentenced offenders committed to the custody of the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) during fiscal year 2006. The data include commitments of United States District Court, violators of conditions of release (e.g., parole, probation, or supervised release violators), offenders convicted in other courts (e.g., military or District of Columbia courts), and persons admitted to prison as material witnesses or for purposes of treatment, examination, or transfer to another authority. These data include variables that describe the offender, such as age, race, citizenship, as well as variables that describe the sentences and expected prison terms. The data file contains original variables from the Bureau of Prisons' SENTRY database, as well as "SAF" variables that denote subsets of the data. These SAF variables are related to statistics reported in the Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, Tables 7.9-7.16. Variables containing identifying information (e.g., name, Social Security Number) were replaced with blanks, and the day portions of date fields were also sanitized in order to protect the identities of individuals. These data are part of a series designed by the Urban Institute (Washington, DC) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data and documentation were prepared by the Urban Institute.
Annual Survey of Jails:  Jurisdiction-Level Data, 1997     

This collection provides annual data on jail populations
 across the nation and examines the "spillover" effect on local jails
 resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison
 populations. These data permit an assessment of the demands placed on
 correctional resources and provide a comprehensive picture of the
 adult correctional system and changes that occur within the system.
 Information is available on the number of inmates by sex, race, and
 adult or juvenile status. Facility characteristics were collected
regarding capacity and average daily population.
Annual Survey of Jails:  Jurisdiction-Level Data, 1996  

This collection provides annual data on jail populations
 across the nation and examines the "spillover" effect on local jails
 resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison
 populations. These data permit an assessment of the demands placed on
 correctional resources and provide a comprehensive picture of the
 adult correctional system and changes that occur within the system.
 Information is available on the number of inmates by sex, race, and
 adult or juvenile status. Facility characteristics were collected
regarding capacity and average daily population.
Annual Survey of Jails:  Jurisdiction-Level Data, 1990

This collection provides annual data on jail populations
 across the nation and examines the "spillover" effect on local jails
 resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state prison
 populations. These data permit an assessment of the demands placed on
 correctional resources and provide a complete picture of the adult
 correctional system and the changes that occur in that system.
 Information is available on the number of inmates by sex, race, adult
 or juvenile status, reason being held, and cause of death. Facility
 characteristics were collected regarding capacity, court orders,
conditions of confinement, and alternative programs.
Federal Justice Statistics Program: Defendants in Federal Criminal Cases -- Terminated, 1994 [United States]

The data contain records of defendants in federal criminal cases terminated in United States District Court during fiscal year 1994. The data were constructed from the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA) Central System file. According to the EOUSA, the United States attorneys conduct approximately 95 percent of the prosecutions handled by the Department of Justice. The Central System data contain variables from the original EOUSA files as well as additional analysis variables, or "SAF" variables, that denote subsets of the data. These SAF variables are related to statistics reported in the Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics. Variables containing identifying information (e.g., name, Social Security Number) were replaced with blanks, and the day portions of date fields were also sanitized in order to protect the identities of individuals. These data are part of a series designed by the Urban Institute (Washington, DC) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data and documentation were prepared by the Urban Institute.
Annual Survey of Jails:  Jurisdiction-Level Data, 1989  

This data collection provides annual data on jail
 populations across the nation and examines the "spillover" effect on
 local jails resulting from the dramatic growth in federal and state
 prison populations. These data permit an assessment of the demands
 placed on correctional resources and provide a complete picture of the
 adult correctional system and the changes that occur in that system.
 Information is available on the number of inmates by sex, race, adult
or juvenile status, reason being held, and cause of death.