AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Federal Justice Statistics Program: Offenders Released From Prison, 2006

The data contain records of sentenced offenders released from the custody of the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) during fiscal year 2006. The data include commitments of United States District Court, violators of conditions of release (e.g., parole, probation, or supervised release violators), offenders convicted in other courts (e.g., military or District of Columbia courts), and persons admitted to prison as material witnesses or for purposes of treatment, examination, or transfer to another authority. Records of offenders who exit federal prison temporarily, such as for transit to another location, to serve a weekend sentence, or for health care, are not included in the exiting cohort. These data include variables that describe the offender, such as age, race, citizenship, as well as variables that describe the sentences and expected prison terms. The data file contains original variables from the Bureau of Prisons' SENTRY database, as well as "SAF" variables that denote subsets of the data. These SAF variables are related to statistics reported in the Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, Tables 7.9-7.16. Variables containing identifying information (e.g., name, Social Security Number) were replaced with blanks, and the day portions of date fields were also sanitized in order to protect the identities of individuals. These data are part of a series designed by the Urban Institute (Washington, DC) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data and documentation were prepared by the Urban Institute.
Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data [United States]: County-Level Detailed Arrest and Offense Data, 1990

This data collection contains counts of arrests and offenses 
 for Part I offenses (murder, rape, robbery, assault, burglary, larceny, 
 auto theft, and arson) and Part II offenses (forgery, fraud, 
 embezzlement, vandalism, weapons violations, sex offenses, drug and 
 alcohol abuse violations, gambling, vagrancy, curfew violations, and 
 runaways). Two sets of county populations are reported: one for total 
 county population and the other for counties reporting six months or 
more of data.
Impact of Sentencing Guidelines on the Use of Incarceration in Federal Criminal Courts in the United States, 1984-1990  

The primary purpose of this data collection was to examine
 the impact of the implementation of sentencing guidelines on the rate
 of incarcerative and nonincarcerative sentences imposed and on the
 average length of expected time to be served in incarceration for all
 offenses as well as for select groups of offenses. The measure of
 sentence length, "expected time to be served," was used to allow for
 assumed good time and parole reductions. This term represents the
 amount of time an offender can expect to spend in prison at the time
 of sentencing, a roughly equivalent standard that can be measured
 before and after the implementation of federal criminal sentencing
 guidelines in 1987. Three broad offense categories were studied: drug
 offenses, robbery, and economic crimes. Drug offenses include a wide
 range of illegal activities involving marijuana, heroin, and
 cocaine. Robbery includes bank and postal robbery (both armed and
 unarmed) as well as other types of robbery offenses that appear less
 frequently in the federal system, such as carrying a firearm during
 the commission of a robbery. Economic offenses include fraud (bank,
 postal, and other), embezzlement (bank, postal, and other), and tax
 evasion. Other monthly data are provided on the number of prison and
probation sentences for all offenses and by offense categories.
Prosecutorial Discretion and Plea Bargaining in Federal Criminal Courts in the United States, 1983-1990  

The primary purpose of this data collection was to study
 whether prosecutorial behavior was affected by the implementation of
 federal criminal sentencing guidelines in 1987. Monthly time series
 data were constructed on a number of prosecutorial outcomes,
 representing either discrete decision steps in the processing of
 criminal cases or the characteristics of cases that passed through the
 system. Variables include disposition year and month, number of matters
 initiated, number of cases filed, declined, and dismissed, number of
 convictions by trial, by jury, and by bench trial, number of guilty
 pleas, ratio of guilty pleas to cases resolved, and ratio of trials to
 cases resolved. The collection also provides a series of dichotomous
 variables to assess the impact of various events on prosecutorial
 outcomes over time. These events include the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of
 1986 (effective November 1986), implementation of the sentencing
 guidelines (November 1987), Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (November
 1988), United States Supreme Court's decision in the Minstretta case
 affirming the constitutionality of the sentencing guidelines (January
 1989), and Attorney General Thornburgh's memo outlining Justice
Department policy on charging and prosecution (March 1989).
Criminal Justice Outcomes of Male Offenders in 14 Jurisdictions in the United States, 1985-1988

This data collection provides information on multiple 
 prosecutions for individual offenders. The data are intended for use in 
 the exploration and description of relationships among the various 
 elements of the adjudication process (characteristics of the offender 
 and offense and decisions made by various actors in the prosecution and 
 sentencing of the offenders). The sampled incidents were drawn from two 
 types of offenses: residential burglary and armed robbery. The 
 collection includes only those incidents involving male offenders who 
 were previously unknown to their victims and who were facing 
 adjudication in adult court. The data collection instrument probed five 
 areas for each offender and incident sampled: A. Related Incidents 
 (information to identify all other incidents for which processing 
 overlapped that of the sampled incident), B. Incident Description 
 (information about the criminal incident itself, such as date and 
 location of the incident, date of arrest, victims, weapons, 
 accomplices, witnesses, and evidence), C. Adjudication Process 
 (information such as bond amount, legal representation, adjudication 
 events and outcomes, date of sentencing, and type and length of 
 incarceration), D. Defendant (information about the defendant himself, 
 including date of birth, race/descent, and employment status), and E. 
 Prior Record (information about the defendant's record, such as his age 
 at first arrest and first incarceration, the number of times he was 
incarcerated, and history of drug and/or alcohol abuse).
Augmented Federal Probation, Sentencing, and Supervision Information System, 1985 

The United States Sentencing Commission, established by the 
 98th Congress, is an independent agency in the judicial branch of 
 government. The Commission recommends guidelines prescribing the 
 appropriate form and severity of punishment for offenders convicted of 
 federal crimes. These data were collected to determine whether 
 sentencing disparities existed and whether the guidelines were 
 adequate. Basic information in the collection includes a description of 
 the offense, characterization of the defendant's background and 
 criminal record, method of disposition of the case, and sentence 
 imposed. Felony and misdemeanor cases are included while petty offense 
 cases are excluded. Three types of additional information were used to 
 augment the existing data: (1) more detailed offense and offender 
 characteristics identified by the United States Sentencing Commission 
 but coded by federal probation officers, (2) actual time served in 
 prison from the SENTRY data file of the United States Bureau of 
 Prisons, and (3) information necessary to estimate prospective release 
 dates from the hearing files of the United States Parole Commission. 
The unit of analysis is the defendant.
Firearm Injury Surveillance Study, 1993-2000: [United States]

These data were collected using the National Electronic
Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), the primary data system of the
United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). CPSC began
operating NEISS in 1972 to monitor product-related injuries treated in
United States hospital emergency departments (EDs). In June 1992, the
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), within the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, established an interagency
agreement with CPSC to begin collecting data on nonfatal
firearm-related injuries to monitor the incidence and characteristics
of persons with nonfatal firearm-related injuries treated in United
States hospital EDs over time. This dataset represents all nonfatal
firearm-related injuries (i.e., injuries associated with
powder-charged guns) and all nonfatal BB and pellet gun-related
injuries reported through NEISS from 1993 through 2000. The cases
consist of initial ED visits for treatment of the injuries. Cases were
reported even if the patients subsequently died. Secondary visits and
transfers from other hospitals were excluded. Information is available
on injury diagnosis, firearm type, use of drugs or alcohol, criminal
incident, and locale of the incident. Demographic information includes
age, sex, and race of the injured person.
Uniform Crime Reports [United States]:  Supplementary Homicide Reports, 1976-1998

These data provide incident-level information on criminal
 homicides including location, circumstances, and method of offense, as
 well as demographic characteristics of victims and perpetrators and
 the relationship between the two. The data were provided monthly to
 the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) by local law enforcement
agencies participating in the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program.
Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data [United States]:  County-Level Detailed Arrest and Offense Data, 1989

The files in this collection contain counts of arrests and
 offenses for Part 1 and Part 2 offenses: murder, rape, robbery,
 assault, burglary, larceny, auto theft, arson, forgery, fraud,
 embezzlement, vandalism, weapons violations, sex offenses, drug and
 alcohol abuse violations, gambling, vagrancy, curfew violations, and
runaways. County populations are also reported.
National Survey of Judges and Court Practitioners, 1991  

The United States Sentencing Commission, established by the
 98th Congress, is an independent agency in the judicial branch of
 government. The Commission's primary function is to institute
 guidelines that prescribe the appropriate form and severity of
 punishment for offenders convicted of federal crimes. This survey was
 developed in response to issues that arose during site visits
 conducted in conjunction with an implementation study of sentencing
 guidelines and was intended to supplement the information obtained in
 the more extensive site visit interviews. Topics include the impact of
 the plea agreement, departures by the court, mandatory minimum
 sentences, the general issue of unwarranted sentencing disparity, and
 whether this disparity had increased, decreased, or stayed about the
same since the sentencing guidelines were imposed in 1987.
Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data [United States]:  Offenses Known and Clearances by Arrest in All Cities with Populations Over 250,000, 1989

Since 1930, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has
 compiled the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) to serve as periodic
 nationwide assessments of reported crime not available elsewhere in
 the criminal justice system. Each year, this information is reported
 in four types of files: (1) Offenses Known and Clearances by Arrest,
 (2) Property Stolen and Recovered, (3) Supplementary Homicide Reports
 (SHR), and (4) Police Employee (LEOKA) data. This collection contains
 Offenses Known and Clearances by Arrest data and includes monthly
 information on the number of Crime Index offenses reported, the number
 of offenses cleared by arrest or other means, and the number of adults
 and juveniles arrested in cities with populations over 250,000. The
 counts include all reports of Index Crimes (excluding arson) received
 from victims, from officers who discovered infractions, or from other
sources.
United Nations World Crime Surveys:  First Survey, 1970-1975 and Second Survey, 1975-1980

The United Nations began its World Crime Surveys in 1978. 
 The first survey collected statistics on a small range of offenses and 
 on the criminal justice process for the years 1970-1975. The second 
 survey collected data on a wide range of offenses, offenders, and 
 criminal justice process data for the years 1975-1980. Several factors 
 make these two collections difficult to use in combination. Some 25 
 percent of those countries responding to the first survey did not 
 respond to the second and, similarly, some 30 percent of those 
 responding to the second survey did not respond to the first. In 
 addition, many questions asked in the second survey were not asked in 
 the first survey. This data collection represents the efforts of the 
 investigators to combine, revise, and recheck the data of the first two 
 surveys. The data are divided into two parts. Part 1 comprises all data 
 on offenses and on some criminal justice personnel. Crime data are 
 entered for 1970 through 1980. In most cases 1975 is entered twice, 
 since both surveys collected data for this year. Part 2 includes data 
 on offenders, prosecutions, convictions, and prisons. Data are entered 
for 1970 through 1980, for every even year.
Mandatory Drug Offender Processing Data, 1987: New York

The National Consortium for Assessing Drug Control
 Initiatives, funded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance and
 coordinated by the Criminal Justice Statistics Association, collected
 drug offender processing data from the state of New York. The purpose
 of the project was to track adult drug offenders from the point of
 entry into the criminal justice system (typically by arrest) through
 final court disposition, regardless of whether the offender was
 released without trial, acquitted, or convicted. These data allow
 researchers to examine how the criminal justice system processes drug
 offenders, to measure the changing volume of drug offenders moving
 through the different segments of the criminal justice system, to
 calculate processing time intervals between major decision-making
 events, and to assess the changing structure of the drug offender
 population. For purposes of this project, a drug offender was defined
 as any person who had been charged with a felony drug offense. The
 data are structured into six segments pertaining to (1) record
 identification, (2) the offender (date of birth, sex, race, and ethnic
 origin), (3) arrest information (date of arrest, age at arrest, arrest
 charge code), (4) prosecution information (filed offense code and
 level, prosecution disposition and date), (5) court disposition
 information (disposition offense and level, court disposition, final
 disposition date, final pleading, type of trial), and (6) sentencing
 information (sentence and sentence date, sentence minimum and
 maximum). Also included are elapsed time variables. The unit of
analysis is the felony drug offender.
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2003

These data, collected to assist in the development of
sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics
for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2003. The
United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform
federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include
guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment
for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables
include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates
of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt,
number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing
and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership
structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate
knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate
indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense,
annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal
organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national
security. Organizational defendants data, 2003, covers fiscal year
October 1, 2002, through September 30, 2003.
Monitoring of Federal Criminal Sentences, [United States], 2005

This collection contains information on federal criminal
cases sentenced under the Sentencing Guidelines and Policy Statements
of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984. The data files include all cases
received by the United States Sentencing Commission that had
sentencing dates between October 1, 2004, and September 30, 2005, and
were assessed as constitutional. Constitutionality compares each
case's sentencing date, circuit, district, and judge to provide
uniformity in reporting the cases. In 1999, the United States
Sentencing Commission added more variables from its databases to this
collection, so the data are now provided in two files. Part 1, Main
Data, includes the most important variables for each case, such as
defendant's age, criminal history points, armed criminal status, case
disposition, sentence, and fines applied. Part 2, Supplemental Data,
contains additional variables involving multiple guideline computation
and count-based statutes. For a more detailed discussion of the two
files, users should consult the codebook.
Monitoring of Federal Criminal Convictions and Sentences: Appeals Data, 2004

This collection contains appellate information from the 12
circuit courts of appeals of the United States. From the Clerk of the
Court of each court of appeals, the United States Sentencing
Commission compiled the final opinions and orders, both published and
unpublished, in all criminal appeals for the time period surveyed. The
Commission also collected habeas corpus decisions even though they are
technically civil matters, because such cases often involve sentencing
issues. Both the "case" and the "defendant" are used in this
collection as units of analysis. Each "case" comprises individual
records representing all codefendants participating in a consolidated
appeal. Each defendant's record comprises the sentencing-related
issues corresponding to that particular defendant.
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 2004

These data, collected to assist in the development of
sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics
for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 2004. The
United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform
federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include
guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment
for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables
include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates
of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt,
number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing
and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership
structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate
knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate
indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense,
annual revenue, equity and financial status, whether it was a criminal
organization, duration of criminal activity, and risk to national
security. Organizational defendants data, 2004, covers fiscal year
October 1, 2003, through September 30, 2004.
Monitoring of Federal Criminal Sentences, [United States], 1998-1999

This collection contains information on federal criminal
cases sentenced under the Sentencing Guidelines and Policy Statements
of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984. The data files include all cases
received by the United States Sentencing Commission that had
sentencing dates between October 1, 1998, and September 30, 1999, and
were assessed as constitutional. Constitutionality compares each
case's sentencing date, circuit, district, and judge to provide
uniformity in reporting the cases. In 1999, the United States
Sentencing Commission added more variables from its databases to this
collection, so the data are now provided in two files. Part 1, the
main data file, includes the most important variables for each case,
such as defendant's age, criminal history points, armed criminal
status, case disposition, sentence, and fines applied. Part 2, the
supplemental file, contains additional variables involving multiple
guideline computation and count-based statutes. For a more detailed
discussion of the two files, users should consult the codebook.
Monitoring of Federal Criminal Convictions and Sentences:  Appeals Data, 1999  

This collection contains appellate information from the 12
circuit courts of appeals of the United States. The United States
Sentencing Commission compiled from the Clerk of the Court of each
court of appeals the final opinions and orders, both published and
unpublished, in all criminal appeals for the time period surveyed. The
Commission also collected habeas corpus decisions (although
technically civil matters), because such cases often involve
sentencing issues. Both the "case" and the "defendant" are used in
this collection as units of analysis. Each "case" comprises
individual records representing all codefendants participating in a
consolidated appeal. Each defendant's record comprises the
sentencing-related issues corresponding to that particular defendant.
The 1999 data includes all appeals cases received as of December 27,
1999, that had disposition dates between October 1, 1998, and
September 30, 1999 (inclusive).
Organizations Convicted in Federal Criminal Courts, 1999 

These data, collected to assist in the development of
sentencing guidelines, describe offense and sentencing characteristics
for organizations sentenced in federal district courts in 1999. The
United States Sentencing Commission's primary function is to inform
federal courts of sentencing policies and practices that include
guidelines prescribing the appropriate form and severity of punishment
for offenders convicted of federal crimes. Court-related variables
include primary offense type, pecuniary offense loss and gain, dates
of disposition and sentencing, method of determination of guilt,
number of counts pled and charged, and dates and types of sentencing
and restitution. Defendant organization variables include ownership
structure, number of owners and employees, highest level of corporate
knowledge of the criminal offense, highest level of corporate
indictment and conviction for participation in the criminal offense,
annual revenue, equity and financial status of the defendant
organization, whether it was a criminal organization, duration of
criminal activity, and risk to national security. Organizational
Defendants Data, 1999, covers fiscal year October 1, 1998, through
September 30, 1999.