AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) Program in the United States, 1995-1999

This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the Gang
 Resistance Education And Training (GREAT) program by surveying five
 different groups: students in a cross-sectional design (Part 1), law
 enforcement officers (Part 2), educators (Part 3), parents (Part 4),
 and students in a longitudinal design (Part 5). Middle school students
 in the cross-sectional design were surveyed to examine GREAT's short-
 and long-term effects, and to assess the quality and effectiveness of
 officer training. Law enforcement officers were surveyed to determine
 whether their perceptions and expectations of the GREAT program varied
 depending on sex, race, rank, age, level of education, and length of
 time working in policing. Data were collected from middle school
 personnel (administrators, counselors, and teachers) in order to
 assess educators' attitudes toward and perceptions of the
 effectiveness of the GREAT program, including the curriculum's
 appropriateness for middle school students and its effectiveness in
 delinquency and gang prevention both in the school and in the
 community. Parents were surveyed to assess their attitudes toward
 crime and gangs in their community, school prevention programs, the
 role of police in the school, and their satisfaction with and
 perceptions of the effectiveness of the GREAT program. The middle
 school students participating in the longitudinal aspect of this study
 were surveyed to examine the change in attitudes and behavior, germane
 to gang activity, over time. Variables for all parts were geared
 toward assessing perception and attitudes about the police and the
 GREAT program and their overall effectiveness, community involvement,
neighborhood crime, and gang-related activities.
National Victim Assistance Agency Survey, 1992

This data collection examines victim assistance programs
 that are operated by law enforcement agencies, prosecutor's offices,
 and independent assistance agencies. Victim assistance programs came
 into being when it was discovered that, in addition to the physical,
 emotional, and financial impact of a crime, victims often experience a
 "second victimization" because of insensitive treatment by the
 criminal justice system. Specifically, this study sought to answer the
 following questions: (1) What are the current staffing levels of
 victim assistance programs? (2) What types of victims come to the
 attention of the programs? (3) What types of services are provided to
 victims? and (4) What are the operational and training needs of victim
 assistance programs? The survey was sent to 519 police departments,
 sheriff departments, and prosecutor's offices identified as having
 victim assistance programs. Also, 172 independent full-service
 agencies that were believed to provide referral or direct services to
 victims (not just advocacy) were also sent surveys. Variables on
 staffing levels include the number of full-time, part-time, and
 volunteer personnel, and the education and years of experience of paid
 staff. Victim information includes the number of victims served for
 various types of crime, and the percent of victims served identified
 by race/ethnicity and by age characteristics (under 16 years old,
 17-64 years old, and over 65 years old). Variables about services
 include percent estimates on the number of victims receiving various
 types of assistance, such as information on their rights, information
 on criminal justice processes, "next-day" crisis counseling,
 short-term supportive counseling, or transportation. Other data
 gathered include the number of victims for which the agency arranged
 emergency loans, accompanied to line-ups, police or prosecutor
 interviews, or court, assisted in applying for state victim
 compensation, prepared victim impact statements, notified of court
 dates or parole hearings, or made referrals to social service agencies
 or mental health agencies. Information is also presented on training
 provided to criminal justice, medical, mental health, or other victim
 assistance agency personnel, and whether the agency conducted
 community or public school education programs. Agencies ranked their
 need for more timely victim notification of various criminal justice
 events, improvement or implementation of various forms of victim and
 public protection, and improvement of victim participation in various
 stages of the criminal justice process. Agencies also provided
 information on training objectives for their agency, number of hours
 of mandatory pre-service and in-service training, types of information
 provided during the training of their staff, sources for their
 training, and the priority of additional types of training for their
 staff. Agency variables include type of agency, year started, and
budget information.
National Survey of AIDS in Correctional Facilities, 1985-1990, 1992

In late 1985, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) began
its first study of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in
correctional facilities. The objective of the study was to report on
the incidence and institutional management of AIDS within the federal
and state prison systems, as well as in the nation's largest
jails. The study was conducted annually from 1985-1990 and biannually
thereafter. This collection contains data collected in 1985-1990 and
1992 via a mail questionnaire. Questionnaires were sent each year to
the correctional departments of all 50 states, the federal prison
system, and 33 to 37 large city and county jail systems. In addition,
in 1987-1990, Canadian prison systems were surveyed. A different
questionnaire was used in each of the seven years of data collection.
However, each questionnaire addressed the same major topics: inmate
population, numbers of inmate cases of AIDS and AIDS-Related Complex
(ARC), aggregate results of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
antibody testing programs, and major policies regarding AIDS (training
and education, testing, medical and psycho-social services, housing,
precautionary measures, confidentiality), as well as associated legal
and cost issues. The 1992 questionnaire collected additional
information on the prevalence of and policies toward inmates with
tuberculosis.
Community Policing in Madison, Wisconsin:  Evaluation of Implementation and Impact, 1987-1990

This study sought to evaluate the Madison, Wisconsin,
 Police Department's creation of a new organizational design (both
 structural and managerial) that was intended to support
 community-oriented and problem-oriented policing. One-sixth of the
 organization serving approximately one-sixth of the community was used
 as a test site for the new community policing approach. This
 Experimental Police District (EPD) was charged with implementing
 "quality policing," which emphasized quality of service delivery,
 quality of life in the community, and quality of life in the
 workplace. For the first part of the program evaluation, attitude
 changes among officers working in the EPD were compared with those of
 officers working in the rest of the police department. Part 1,
 Commissioned Personnel Data, Wave 1, contains responses from 269
 commissioned personnel surveyed in December 1987, before the creation
 of the EPD. Part 2, Commissioned Personnel Data, Wave 2, consists of
 responses from 264 police officers who completed a Wave 2 survey in
 December 1988, and Part 3, Commissioned Personnel Data, Wave 3,
 supplies responses from 230 police officers who completed a Wave 3
 survey in December 1989. Although the analysis was to be based on a
 panel design, efforts were made to survey all commissioned personnel
 during each survey administration period. Police personnel provided
 their assessments on how successfully quality leadership had been
 implemented, the extent to which they worked closely with and received
 feedback from other officers, the amount of their interaction with
 detectives, the amount of time available for problem-solving, ease of
 arranging schedules, safety of working conditions, satisfaction with
 working conditions, type of work they performed, their supervisor,
 commitment to the department, attitudes related to community policing
 and problem-solving, perception of their relationship with the
 community, views of human nature, attitudes toward change, attitudes
 toward decentralization, and demographic information. As the second
 part of the program evaluation, attitude changes among residents
 served by the EPD were compared with those of residents in the rest of
 the city. These data are presented in Part 4, Residents Data, Waves 1
 and 2. Data for Wave 1 consist of personal interviews with a random
 sample of 1,166 Madison residents in February and March 1988, prior to
 the opening of the EPD station. During the second wave, Wave 1
 respondents were interviewed by telephone in February and March
 1990. Residents provided their perceptions of police presence,
 frequency and quality of police-citizen contacts, estimates of the
 magnitude of various problems in their neighborhoods, evaluation of
 the problem-solving efforts of the police, perception of neighborhood
 conditions, levels of fear of crime, personal experience of
 victimization, knowledge of victimization of other residents, and
demographic information.
National Assessment Program Survey of Criminal Justice Agencies in the United States, 1992-1994

The National Assessment Program (NAP) Survey was conducted
 to determine the needs and problems of state and local criminal
 justice agencies. At the local level in each sampled county, survey
 questionnaires were distributed to police chiefs of the largest city,
 sheriffs, jail administrators, prosecutors, public defenders, chief
 trial court judges, trial court administrators (where applicable), and
 probation and parole agency heads. Data were collected at the state
 level through surveys sent to attorneys general, commissioners of
 corrections, prison wardens, state court administrators, and directors
 of probation and parole. For the 1992-1994 survey, 13 separate
 questionnaires were used. Police chiefs and sheriffs received the same
 survey instruments, with a screening procedure employed to identify
 sheriffs who handled law enforcement responsibilities. Of the 411
 counties selected, 264 counties also employed trial court
 administrators. Judges and trial court administrators received
 identical survey instruments. A total of 546 surveys were mailed to
 probation and parole agencies, with the same questions asked of state
 and local officers. Counties that had separate agencies for probation
 and parole were sent two surveys. All survey instruments were divided
 into sections on workload (except that the wardens, jail
 administrators, and corrections commissioners were sent a section on
 jail use and crowding instead), staffing, operations and procedures,
 and background. The staffing section of each survey queried
 respondents on recruitment, retention, training, and number of
 staff. The other sections varied from instrument to instrument, with
 questions tailored to the responsibilities of the particular
 agency. Most of the questionnaires asked about use of automated
 information systems, programs, policies, or aspects of the facility or
 security needing improvement, agency responsibilities and
 jurisdictions, factors contributing to workload increases, budget,
 number of fulltime employees and other staff, and contracted
 services. Questions specific to police chiefs and sheriffs included
 activities aimed at drug problems and whether they anticipated
 increases in authorized strength in officers. Jail administrators,
 corrections commissioners, and wardens were asked about factors
 contributing to jail crowding, alternatives to jail, medical services
 offered, drug testing and drug-related admissions, and inmate
 classification. Topics covered by the surveys for prosecutors, public
 defenders, judges, and state and trial court administrators included
 types of cases handled, case timeliness, diversion and sentencing
 alternatives, and court and jury management. State and local probation
 and parole agency directors were asked about diagnostic tools,
 contracted services, and drug testing. Attorneys general were queried
 about operational issues, statutory authority, and legal services and
support provided to state and local criminal justice agencies.
Drugs and Police Response:  Survey of Public Housing Residents in Denver, Colorado, 1989-1990

This data collection is the result of an evaluation of the
NEPHU program, conducted by the Police Foundation under the
sponsorship of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ). In August
1989, the Bureau of Justice Assistance supported a grant in Denver,
Colorado, to establish a special Narcotics Enforcement in Public
Housing Unit (NEPHU) within the Denver Police Department. The goal of
the Denver NEPHU was to reduce the availability of narcotics in and
around the city's public housing areas by increasing drug arrests.
NEPHU's six full-time officers made investigations and gathered
intelligence leading to on-street arrests and search warrants. The
unit also operated a special telephone Drug Hotline and met regularly
with tenant councils in the developments to improve community
relations. The program worked in cooperation with the Denver Housing
Authority and the uniformed patrol division of the Denver Police
Department, which increased levels of uniformed patrols to maintain
high visibility in the project areas to deter conventional crime.
Using a panel design, survey interviews were conducted with residents
in the Quigg Newton and Curtis Park public housing units, focusing on
events that occurred during the past six months. Respondents were
interviewed during three time periods to examine the onset and
persistence of any apparent program effects. In December 1989,
interviews were completed with residents in 521 households. In June
1990, 422 respondents were interviewed in Wave 2. Wave 3 was conducted
in December 1990 and included 423 respondents. In all, 642 individuals
were interviewed, 283 of whom were interviewed for all three waves.
Because of the evaluation's design, the data can be analyzed to reveal
individual-level changes for the 283 respondents who were interviewed
on all three occasions, and the data can also be used to determine a
cross-section representation of the residents by including the 359
"new" persons interviewed during the course of the evaluation.
Information collected includes years and months lived in the
development, assessments of changes in the neighborhood, whether the
respondent planned to stay in the development, interactions among
residents, awareness of anti-drug programs, ranking of various
problems in the development, concerns and reports of being a victim of
various crimes, perceived safety of the development, assessment of
drug use and availability, assessment of police activity and
visibility, and personal contacts with police. The unit of analysis is
the individual.
Boston Police Department Domestic Violence Research Project, 1993-1994

The Domestic Violence Research Project was a pilot study
 designed to examine the dynamics of domestic violence within two of
 the ten police districts that comprise the city of Boston. The
 objectives were to collect data on domestic violence in greater detail
 than previously possible, conduct various analyses on this
 information, and determine how the findings could best be used to
 improve the police, prosecutorial, and social service responses to
 domestic violence. Data for 1993 are a stratified random sample of
 reported domestic violence incidents occurring throughout the
 year. The sample represents approximately 27 percent of the domestic
 violence incidents reported in 1993 for the two districts studied, B3
 and D4. The 1994 data include all reported incidents occurring in the
 two districts during the period May to July. After the incident
 selection process was completed, data were collected from police
 incident reports, follow-up investigation reports, criminal history
 reports, and court dockets. Variables include arrest offenses, time of
 incident, location of incident, witnesses (including children), nature
 and extent of injuries, drug and alcohol use, history of similar
 incidents, whether there were restraining orders in effect, and basic
 demographic information on victims and offenders. Criminal history
 information was coded into five distinct categories: (1) violent
 offenses, (2) nonviolent offenses, (3) domestic violence offenses, (4)
drug/alcohol offenses, and (5) firearms offenses.
Firearms, Violence, and Youth in California, Illinois, Louisiana, and New Jersey, 1991

Violence committed by and against juveniles was the focus
 of this study. Two groups were examined: incarcerated (criminally
 active) juveniles and students in inner-city high schools, since these
 youths are popularly considered to engage in and experience violence
 (especially gun-related violence), to belong to urban street gangs,
 and to participate in the drug trafficking thought to lead to
 excessive gun violence. Self-administered questionnaires were
 completed by 835 male inmates in six correctional facilities and 1,663
 male and female students from ten inner-city high schools in
 California, Illinois, Louisiana, and New Jersey. Data collection took
 place during January through April of 1991. To maximize response
 rates, inducements of five dollars were offered to the inmates,
 Spanish-language versions of the questionnaire were provided to
 inmates who preferred them, and personal interviews were conducted
 with inmates whose reading skills were less than sufficient to
 complete the questionnaire on their own. In four schools, principals
 permitted the inducements to be offered to students to participate in
 the study. As with the inmate survey, a Spanish-language version of
 the questionnaire was provided to students who preferred it. The
 questionnaires covered roughly the same core topics for both inmates
 and students. Items included questions on sociodemographic
 characteristics, school experiences, gun ownership, gun use for
 several types of firearms, gun acquisition patterns, gun-carrying
 habits, use of other weapons, gang membership and gang activities,
 self-reported criminal histories, victimization patterns, drug use,
 alcohol use, and attitudes concerning guns, crime, and violence. In
 both questionnaires, the majority of the items covered firearms
 knowledge, acquisition, and use. The remaining items in the inmate
 survey primarily covered criminal behavior and, secondarily,
 victimization histories. In the student survey, these priorities were
reversed.
Anticipating and Combating Community Decay and Crime in Washington, DC, and Cleveland, Ohio, 1980-1990

The Urban Institute undertook a comprehensive assessment of
communities approaching decay to provide public officials with
strategies for identifying communities in the early stages of decay
and intervening effectively to prevent continued deterioration and
crime. Although community decline is a dynamic spiral downward in
which the physical condition of the neighborhood, adherence to laws
and conventional behavioral norms, and economic resources worsen, the
question of whether decay fosters or signals increasing risk of crime,
or crime fosters decay (as investors and residents flee as reactions
to crime), or both, is not easily answered. Using specific indicators
to identify future trends, predictor models for Washington, DC, and
Cleveland were prepared, based on data available for each city. The
models were designed to predict whether a census tract should be
identified as at risk for very high crime and were tested using
logistic regression. The classification of a tract as a "very high
crime" tract was based on its crime rate compared to crime rates for
other tracts in the same city. To control for differences in
population and to facilitate cross-tract comparisons, counts of crime
incidents and other events were converted to rates per 1,000
residents. Tracts with less than 100 residents were considered
nonresidential or institutional and were deleted from the analysis.
Washington, DC, variables include rates for arson and drug sales or
possession, percentage of lots zoned for commercial use, percentage of
housing occupied by owners, scale of family poverty, presence of
public housing units for 1980, 1983, and 1988, and rates for
aggravated assaults, auto thefts, burglaries, homicides, rapes, and
robberies for 1980, 1983, 1988, and 1990. Cleveland variables include
rates for auto thefts, burglaries, homicides, rapes, robberies, drug
sales or possession, and delinquency filings in juvenile court, and
scale of family poverty for 1980 through 1989. Rates for aggravated
assaults are provided for 1986 through 1989 and rates for arson are
provided for 1983 through 1988.
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Perceptions of Drug Risk, Wave 2, 1997-2000

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
 (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families,
 schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development.
 One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
 was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
 their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
 circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
 that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
 behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to
 gauge various aspects of human development, including individual
 differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such
 measure was the Perceptions of Drug Risk instrument. This instrument
 obtained information about the perceived harm in using substances, the
 difficulty of obtaining substances, and the experience of being
 approached to buy drugs. It was administered to Cohorts 9, 12, 15, and
18.
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Prenatal and Early Health, Wave 2, 1997-2000

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
 (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families,
 schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development.
 One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
 was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
 their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
 circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
 that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
 behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to
 gauge various aspects of human development, including individual
 differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such
 measure was the Prenatal and Early Health interview. This was adapted
 from the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey which was
 developed by the National Institutes of Health (NATIONAL MATERNAL AND
 INFANT HEALTH SURVEY, 1988 [ICPSR 9730]). It included questions
 regarding the mother's pregnancy and delivery of the subject, as well
 as questions regarding the subject's early health. It was administered
to the subject's primary caregiver for Cohort 0.