AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Minnesota's Felony Sentencing Guidelines, 1978-1984

This data collection gauges the effects of the Minnesota
felony sentencing guidelines on prosecutional charging practices, plea
negotiations, and sentencing decisions. The collection provides
primary sources for evaluating the statewide changes in the
determinants of charging and sentencing decisions after the sentencing
guidelines were enacted. The statewide defendants file (Part 2)
contains information on the offender's demographic characteristics
(age, sex, race, and marital and employment status), year of
disposition, descriptions of the convicted offense, criminal history
score, type of sentence imposed, the presumptive disposition and
duration of confinement, dispositional location in the sentencing grid
of the guidelines, and types of dispositional departure from
presumptive sentences. Variables in the eight-county sample data (Part
1) are similar to those available in the statewide data. However, the
county sample data contain additional information on characteristics
of cases and case processing variables such as whether the defendant
was convicted of multiple behavioral incidents and various types of
plea bargaining.
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Depression, Wave 3, 2000-2002

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
 (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families,
 schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development.
 One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
 was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
 their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
 circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
 that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
 behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to
 gauge various aspects of human development, including individual
 differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such
 measure was the Depression survey. It was administered to subjects'
 primary caregivers for Cohorts 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 and to subjects
 for Cohort 18. The instrument was adapted from the short form of the
 Composite International Diagnostic Interview (UM-CIDI) and obtained
 information about depressive symptoms experienced by the respondent
 during the past year. It is similar to PROJECT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
 IN CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): DEPRESSION, WAVE 2, 1997-2000 (ICPSR
13614).
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Diagnostic Assessment of Reading, Wave 3, 2000-2002

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
 (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families,
 schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development.
 One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
 was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
 their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
 circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
 that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
 behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to
 gauge various aspects of human development, including individual
 differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such
 measure was the Diagnostic Assessment of Reading, which provided
 information about the pre-reading ability of subjects in Cohort 0. It
 included four tests that assessed the subject's ability to name
 upper- and lower-case letters and to determine whether sets of letters
 and words were identical. It is closely related to PROJECT ON HUMAN
 DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT OF
READING, WAVE 2, 1997-2000 (ICPSR 13613).
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Conflict Tactics Scale for Parent and Child, Wave 3, 2000-2002

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
 (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families,
 schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development.
 One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
 was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
 their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
 circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
 that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
 behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to
 gauge various aspects of human development, including individual
 differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such
 was the Conflict Tactics Scale for Parent and Child (CTSS). The CTSS,
 administered to the primary caregiver (PC) of subjects belonging to
 Cohorts 0, 3, 6, and 9, measured psychological and physical
 maltreatment and neglect of children by their PC or any other adult
 family or household member, as well as nonviolent modes of
 discipline. The CTSS also measured the extent to which an adult
 carried out specific acts of physical and psychological aggression,
 regardless of whether the child was injured. This Wave 3 study was
 modified from the Wave 1 parent-child version of the Conflict Tactics
 Scale used in PROJECT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS
 (PHDCN): CONFLICT TACTICS SCALE FOR PARENT AND CHILD, WAVE 1,
 1994-1997 (ICPSR 13584). It is also related to PROJECT ON HUMAN
 DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): CAREGIVER-SUBJECT
CONFLICT SCALE, WAVE 2, 1997-2000 (ICPSR 13612).
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Conflict Tactics Scale for Partner and Spouse, Wave 3, 2000-2002

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
 (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families,
 schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development.
 One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
 was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
 their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
 circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
 that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
 behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to
 gauge various aspects of human development, including individual
 differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such
 measure was the Conflict Tactics Scale for Partner and Spouse. It was
 administered to subjects' primary caregivers in Cohorts 0, 3, 6, and 9
 and to subjects in Cohorts 15 and 18. It measured both the extent to
 which partners in a dating, cohabiting, or marital relationship engage
 in psychological and physical attacks on each other and also their use
 of reasoning or negotiation to deal with conflicts. This Wave 3 study
 was modified from the Wave 1 partner-spouse version of the Conflict
 Tactics Scale used in PROJECT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO
 NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): CONFLICT TACTICS SCALE FOR PARTNER AND SPOUSE,
 WAVE 1, 1994-1997 (ICPSR 13583). It is also related to PROJECT ON
 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): PHYSICAL ABUSE
SCALE, WAVE 2, 1997-2000 (ICPSR 13642).
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN):  Physical Abuse Scale, Wave 2, 1997-2000

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
 (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families,
 schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development.
 One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
 was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
 their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
 circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
 that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
 behaviors.  Numerous measures were administered to respondents to
 gauge various aspects of human development, including individual
 differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such
 measure was the Physical Abuse Scale (PAS). The PAS was administered
 to the primary caregiver (PC) of subjects belonging to Cohorts
 0-15. It measured the extent to which partners in a dating,
 cohabiting, or marital relationship engage in physical attacks on each
 other. This Wave 2 study replaced the Wave 1 partner-spouse version of
 the Conflict Tactics Scale (PROJECT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHICAGO
 NEIGHBORHOODS (PHDCN): CONFLICT TACTICS SCALE FOR PARTNER AND SPOUSE,
WAVE 1, 1994-1997 [ICPSR 13583]).
Survey of American Prisons and Jails, 1979

This data collection contains information gathered in a
two-part survey that was designed to assess institutional conditions
in state and federal prisons and in halfway houses. It was one of a
series of data-gathering efforts undertaken during the 1970s to assist
policymakers in assessing and overcoming deficiencies in the nation's
correctional institutions. This particular survey was conducted in
response to a mandate set forth in the Crime Control Act of 1976. Data
were gathered via self-enumerated questionnaires that were mailed to
the administrators of all 558 federal and state prisons and all 405
community-based prerelease facilities in existence in the United
States in 1979. Part 1 contains the results of the survey of state and
federal adult correctional systems, and Part 2 contains the results of
the survey of community-based prerelease facilities. The two files
contain similar variables designed to tap certain key aspects of
confinement: (1) inmate (or resident) counts by sex and by security
class, (2) age of facility and rated capacity, (3) spatial density,
occupancy, and hours confined for each inmate's (or resident's)
confinement quarters, (4) composition of inmate (or resident)
population according to race, age, and offense type, (5) inmate (or
resident) labor and earnings, (6) race, age, and sex characteristics
of prison (or half-way house) staff, and (7) court orders by type of
order and pending litigation. Other data (contained in both files)
include case ID number, state ID number, name of facility, and
operator of facility (e.g., federal, state, local, or private).
Assessing Local Legal Culture:  Practitioner Norms in Four Criminal Courts, 1979

This study attempts to operationalize the concept of local
 legal culture by examining differences in the processing of twelve
 hypothetical criminal cases in four criminal courts. Questionnaires
 asking how these hypothetical cases should best be handled were
 administered to judges, district attorneys, and defense attorneys in
 four cities: Bronx County (New York City), New York, Detroit,
 Michigan, Miami, Florida, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In each city,
 the presiding judge, prosecutor, and head of the public defender's
 office were informed of the project. Questionnaires were distributed
 to prosecuting attorneys and public defenders by their supervisors.
 Judges were contacted in person or given questionnaires with a cover
 letter from the presiding judge. All questionnaires were completed
 anonymously and returned separately by respondents. The variables
 include number of years the respondent had been in the criminal
 justice system, preferred mode of disposition and of sentencing for
 each of the twelve cases, and the respondents' predictions of the
probability of conviction in each case.
Police Response Time Analysis, 1975

This is a study of the relationship between the amount of
 time taken by police to respond to calls for service and the outcomes
 of criminal and noncriminal incidents in Kansas City, Missouri.
 Outcomes were evaluated in terms of police effectiveness and citizen
 satisfaction. Response time data were generated by timing telephone
 and radio exchanges on police dispatch tapes. Police travel time was
 measured and recorded by highly trained civilian observers. To assess
 satisfaction with police service, personal and telephone interviews
 were conducted with victims and witnesses who had made the calls to
the police.
Alaska Plea Bargaining Study, 1974-1976

This study examines the characteristics of criminal
offenders as they affect the primary outcomes of their court cases,
particularly plea bargaining decisions. The study was conducted in
Anchorage, Juneau, and Fairbanks, Alaska, over a two-year period from
August 1974 to August 1976. The data were collected from police
booking sheets, public fingerprint files, and court dockets. The unit
of observation is the felony case, i.e., a single felony charge
against a single defendant. Each unit of data contains information
about both the defendant and the charge. The variables include
demographic and social
characteristics of the offender, criminal history of the offender,
nature of the offense, evidence, victim characteristics, and
administrative factors related to the disposition of the case.
Evaluation of Pre-Trial Settlement Conference:  Dade County, Florida, Criminal Court, 1979

This study reports on the implementation in Dade County,
Florida, of a proposal to involve, on a voluntary basis, victims,
defendants, and police in a judicial plea negotiation conference. The
study was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Law
Enforcement and Criminal Justice of the Law Enforcement Assistance
Administration, United States Department of Justice. Parts 1-3,
Defendants, Victims, and Police files, consist of responses to questionnaires
given to defendants, victims, and police. The questionnaires were
administered during 20-minute interviews, conducted after the case had
been completed. The interview instruments were designed to collect
data on three major issues: (1) the extent to which respondents
reported participation in the processing of their cases, (2)
respondents' knowledge of the way their cases were processed, and (3)
respondents' attitudes toward the disposition of their cases and
toward the criminal justice system. Part 4 is the Conference Data
File. During the pretrial settlement conference, an observer wrote down
in sequence as much as possible of the verbal behavior. After the
session, the observer made some subjective ratings, provided
descriptive data about the conclusion of the session, and classified
comments into one of the following categories: (1) Facts of
the Case, (2) Prior Record, (3) Law and Practices, (4) Maximum
Sentence, (5) Prediction of Trial Outcome, (6) Conference Precedent,
(7) Personal Background History, and (8) Recommendations.
Information in Part 5, the Case Information Data File, was drawn from
court records and includes type of case, number of
charges, sentence type, sentence severity (stated and perceived),
seriousness of offense, date of arrest, date of arraignment, date of
conference, prior incarcerations, and defendant background.
Residential Neighborhood Crime Control Project: Hartford, Connecticut, 1973, 1975-1977, 1979

This data collection contains responses to victimization
surveys that were administered as part of both the planning and
evaluation stages of the Hartford Project, a crime opportunity
reduction program implemented in a residential neighborhood in
Hartford, Connecticut, in 1976. The Hartford Project was an experiment
in how to reduce residential burglary and street robbery/purse snatching
and the fear of those crimes. Funded through the Hartford Institute of
Criminal and Social Justice, the project began in 1973. It was based
on a new "environmental" approach to crime prevention: a comprehensive
and integrative view addressing not only the relationship among
citizens, police, and offenders, but also the effect of the physical
environment on their attitudes and behavior. The surveys were
administered by the Center for Survey Research at the University of
Massachusetts at Boston. The Center collected Hartford resident survey
data in five different years: 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1979. The
1973 survey provided basic data for problem analysis and
planning. These data were updated twice: in 1975 to gather baseline
data for the time of program implementation, and in the spring of 1976
with a survey of households in one targeted neighborhood of Hartford
to provide data for the time of implementation of physical changes
there. Program evaluation surveys were carried out in the spring of
1977 and two years later in 1979. The procedures for each survey were
essentially identical each year in order to ensure comparability
across time. The one exception was the 1976 sample, which was not
independent of the one taken in 1975. In each survey except 1979,
respondents reported on experiences during the preceding 12-month
period. In 1979 the time reference was the past two years. The survey
questions were very similar from year to year, with 1973 being the most
unique. All surveys focused on victimization, fear, and perceived risk
of being victims of the target crimes. Other questions explored
perceptions of and attitudes toward police, neighborhood problems, and
neighbors. The surveys also included questions on household and
respondent characteristics.
Multisite Evaluation of Shock Incarceration:  [Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas], 1987-1992

This study analyzes shock incarceration (boot camp)
 programs in Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Oklahoma, South
 Carolina, and Texas. In each state, offenders who participated in boot
 camps were compared with demographically similar offenders who were
 sentenced to prison, probation, or parole. The impact of shock
 incarceration on offenders was assessed in two major areas: (1)
 changes in offenders' attitudes, expectations, and outlook during
 incarceration (self-report/attitude data), and (2) performance during
 and adjustment to community supervision after incarceration (community
 supervision data). The self-report/attitude data include variables
 measuring criminal history, drinking and drug abuse, and attitudes
 toward the shock incarceration program, as well as demographic
 variables, such as age, race, employment, income, education, and
 military experience. The community supervision data contain
 information on offenders' behaviors during community supervision, such
 as arrests, absconding incidents, jail time, drug use, education and
 employment experiences, financial and residential stability, and
 contacts with community supervision officers, along with
 demographic variables, such as age and race. In addition to these key
 areas, more detailed data were collected in Louisiana, including a
 psychological assessment, a risk and needs assessment, and a community
 supervision follow-up at two different time periods (Parts 11-18). For
 most states, the subjects sampled in the self-report/attitude survey
 were different from those who were surveyed in the community
 supervision phase of data collection. Data collection practices and
 sample structures differed by state, and therefore the data files are
 organized to explore the impact of shock incarceration at the state
level. For each state, the unit of analysis is the offender.
Role of Police Psychology in Controlling Excessive Force in 50 Large Cities in the United States, 1992

As part of the development of an information base for
 subsequent policy initiatives, the National Institute of Justice
 sponsored a nationwide survey of police psychologists to learn more
 about the characteristics of officers who abuse force, the types of
 measures police psychologists recommend to control police violence and
 the role of police psychologists in preventing and identifying
 individual police officers at risk for use of excessive force. Police
 personnel divisions in 50 large cities were contacted for names and
 addresses of the police psychologists who provided services to their
 departments. Data were collected using a telephone interview protocol
 that included 61 questions. In this study, excessive force was defined
 as a violation of a police department's use-of-force policy by an
 incumbent officer that was serious enough to warrant a referral to the
 police psychologist. Background information collected on respondents
 included years with the department, years as a police psychologist, if
 the position was salaried or consultant, and how often the
 psychologist met with the police chief. A battery of questions
 pertaining to screening was asked, including whether the psychologist
 performed pre-employment psychological screening and what methods were
 used to identify job candidates with a propensity to use excessive
 force. Questions regarding monitoring procedures asked if and how
 police officer behavior was monitored and if incumbent officers were
 tested for propensity to use excessive force. Items concerning police
 training included which officers the psychologist trained, what types
 of training covering excessive force were conducted, and what modules
 should be included in training to reduce excessive force. Information
 about mental health services was elicited, with questions on whether
 the psychologist counseled officers charged with excessive force, what
 models were used, how the psychologist knew if the intervention had
 been successful, what factors limited the effectiveness of counseling
 police officers, characteristics of officers prone to use excessive
 force, how these officers are best identified, and who or what has the
 most influence on these officers. General opinion questions asked
 about factors that increase excessive force behavior and what services
could be utilized to reduce excessive force.
Estimating the Elasticities of Demand for Cocaine and Heroin with Data from 21 Cities from the Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) Program, 1987-1991

The objective of this research was to estimate the
 elasticity of the demand for cocaine and heroin with respect to the
 price. Price elasticity is the percentage of change in the dependent
 quantity corresponding to a one-percent change in price. The project
 involved the development of an econometric model to determine price
 elasticity, given that national- and city-level data on the
 consumption of cocaine and heroin are insufficient or nonexistent. The
 researchers circumvented this lack of data by partitioning the desired
 elasticity into the product of two elasticities, involving a
 measurable intermediate quantity whose relationship to the quantity of
 consumption could be modeled and estimated by measurable
 techniques. The intermediate quantity used for this project was the
 fraction of arrestees testing positive for cocaine or heroin as
 measured by the Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) System. From the Drug
 Enforcement Administration's (DEA's) System to Retrieve Information
 from Drug Evidence (STRIDE) data, expected purity was computed by
 regressing on log quantity and dummy variables for location and
 quarter. Price series were produced by finding the median standardized
 price per expected pure gram for each location and quarter. Variables
 for Part 1, National Data, include year, quarter, standardized prices
 for a gram of cocaine and a gram of heroin, and expected purity of
 cocaine and heroin. The Cities Data, Part 2, cover city, year,
 quarter, number of observations used to compute the median price of
cocaine and heroin, standardized prices, and expected purity.