AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Deterring Drug Use With Intensive Probation in New Jersey, 1989-1990

These data were collected to measure the degree to which
 subjective deterrence and rational choice are effective in reducing
 drug-use recidivism rates. Baseline interviews were conducted with
 participants upon entering a drug rehabilitation program in New
 Jersey. Under the terms of this program, which was an alternative to
 prison, any incident of drug use occurring during the rehabilitation
 period would result in the participant's returning to
 prison. Follow-up interviews were conducted when the participant
 either had a drug/alcohol use relapse or successfully completed a year
 in the program without a drug-use incident. Baseline interviews
 included questions about criminal and drug-use history, as well as
 initial reactions to the drug rehabilitation program. Follow-up
 interviews probed for participants' feelings about the drug
 rehabilitation program experience. Further questions concerned
 participants' failure or success at staying away from drugs or
alcohol.
Caseflow Management and Delay Reduction in Urban Trial Courts of the United States, 1979, 1983-1985

The purpose of this study was to examine caseflow
 management in order to reduce delays in urban trial courts. The data
 contain information from court records that reached disposition in a
 cross-section of urban general-jurisdiction trial courts during 1979,
 1983, 1984, and 1985. The 1979 data files contain the baseline data
 for this survey. Data were gathered on civil and criminal case
 processing times across a broad range of courts, and changes in case
 processing times over a period of years were analyzed for 18 different
 jurisdictions: Newark, Pittsburgh, New Orleans, Miami, Wayne County,
 Minneapolis, the Bronx, Phoenix, Portland, San Diego, Dayton, Boston,
 Cleveland, Providence, Wichita, Detroit, Oakland, and Jersey City.
 The data are supplemented by information supplied by trial court
 administrators and presiding judges in the courts participating in the
 study. Data include information on the nature of the case, the dates
 of first and last trials, and the total number of trials and their
manner of disposition.
Management of Death Row Inmates, 1986-1987: [United States]

These data offer objective and subjective information about
 current death row inmates and the management policies and procedures
 related to their incarceration. The major objectives of the study were
 to gather data about the inmate population and current management
 policies and procedures, to identify issues facing correctional
 administrators in supervising the growing number of condemned inmates,
 and to offer options for improved management. Four survey instruments
 were developed: (1) a form for the Department of Corrections in each
 of the 37 states that had a capital punishment statute as of March
 1986, (2) a form for each warden of an institution that housed
 death-sentenced inmates, (3) a form for staff members who worked with
 such inmates, and (4) a form for a sample of the inmates. The surveys
 included questions about inmate demographics (e.g., date of birth,
 sex, race, Hispanic origin, level of education, marital status, and
 number of children), the institutional facilities available to death
 row inmates, state laws pertaining to them, training for staff who
 deal with them, the usefulness of various counseling, medical, and
 recreational programs, whether the inmates expected to be executed,
 and the challenges in managing the death row population. The surveys
 did not probe legal, moral, or political arguments about the death
penalty itself.
Crime Commission Rates Among Incarcerated Felons in Nebraska, 1986-1990

These data focus on rates of criminal offending obtained
 through the use of self-report surveys. Specifically, the study
 investigates whether two different types of self-report surveys
 produce different estimates of lambda, an individual's frequency of
 criminal offending. The surveys, which were administered during
 personal interviews with inmates in Nebraska prisons, differed in how
 respondents were asked about their frequency of criminal offending.
 The more detailed survey asked respondents to indicate their offenses
 on a month-by-month basis for the reporting period. The less detailed
 survey only asked respondents to indicate their offending for the
 entire reporting period. These data also provide information on the
 relationship between race and offending frequencies, the rates of
 offending over time and by crime category, and the individual's
 subjective probability of punishment and offending frequency. The
 specific crimes targeted in this collection include burglary, business
 robbery, personal robbery, assault, theft, forgery, fraud, drug
 dealing, and rape. All respondents were asked questions on criminal
 history, substance abuse, attitudes about crime and the judicial
 system, predictions of future criminal behavior, and demographic
information, including age, race, education, and marital status.
Minneapolis Intervention Project, 1986-1987

This collection investigates the impact of increased 
 activity of community intervention projects on the incidence of 
 domestic abuse. In particular, the data provide an opportunity to 
 evaluate the impact of police actions and court-ordered abuser 
 treatment on the continued abuse of victims. The data file includes 
 demographic information such as victim's age, race, and sex, and 
 perpetrator's age, birthdate, relationship to the victim, sex, and 
 physical or mental disabilities. Other variables describe the location 
 and description of the incident, the number and gender of victims and 
 perpetrators, and the outcome of the police intervention, i.e., arrest 
 or nonarrest. Interviews with victims provided information regarding 
 previous history of police intervention for domestic abuse, specific 
 information about the violence suffered and resulting injuries, the 
 frequency and type of abuse suffered in the six months prior to the 
 violent incident in question, the type of police intervention used, and 
 the victim's satisfaction with the responses of police. In addition, 
 the 6- and 12-month interviews contain data regarding the change in the 
 victim's relationship status since the last interview, satisfaction 
 with the relationship, continued abuse and criminal justice 
 involvement, use of support services by the victim or members of the 
victim's family, and satisfaction with these services.
Evaluation of a Repeat Offender Unit in Phoenix, Arizona, 1987-1989

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a
Repeat Offender Unit in Phoenix. Repeat Offender Programs are
police-initiated procedures for patrolling and apprehending likely
offenders in communities. These units typically rely on the cooperation
of police and prosecutors who work together to identify, convict, and
incarcerate individuals who are judged likely to commit crimes,
especially serious crimes, at high rates. For this study, previous
offenders were assigned either to a control or an experimental group.
If an individual assigned to the experimental group was later arrested,
the case received special attention by the Repeat Offender Program.
Staff of the Repeat Offender Program worked closely with the county
attorney's office to thoroughly document the case and to obtain victim
and witness cooperation. If the individual was in the control group and
was later arrested, no additional action was taken by the Program
staff. Variables include assignment to the experimental or control
group, jail status, probation and parole status, custody status, number
of felony arrests, type of case, bond amount, number of counts against
the individual, type of counts against the individual, number of prior
convictions, arresting agency, case outcome, type of incarceration
imposed, and length of incarceration imposed.
Changing Patterns of Drug Abuse and Criminality Among Crack Cocaine Users in New York City: Criminal Histories and Criminal Justice System Processing, 1983-1984, 1986

This data collection compares a sample of persons arrested
 for offenses related to crack cocaine with a sample arrested for
 offenses related to powdered cocaine. The collection is one of two
 parts of a study designed to examine the characteristics of crack
 users and sellers, the impact of large numbers of crack-related
 offenders on the criminal justice system, and their effects on drug
 treatment and community programs. Official arrest records and
 supplementary data bases are used to analyze the official arrest,
 conviction, and incarceration histories of powdered cocaine and crack
 defendants. Questions addressed by the collection include: (1) How
 are defendants charged with crack-related offenses different from
 defendants charged with offenses related to powdered cocaine? (2) Is
 there a difference between the ways the criminal justice system
 handles crack offenders and powdered cocaine offenders in pretrial
 detention, charges filed, case dispositions, and sentencing? (3) How
 do the criminal careers of crack offenders compare with the criminal
 careers of powdered cocaine offenders, especially in terms of total
 arrest rates, frequencies of nondrug crimes, and frequencies of
 violent crimes? (4) Is violence more strongly associated with crack
 dealing than with powdered cocaine dealing? and (5) How does the
 developmental history of powdered cocaine sales and possession compare
 with the history of crack sales and possession? Variables include
 demographic information such as gender, residence, and race, arrest,
 conviction, and incarceration histories, prior criminal record,
community ties, and court outcomes of the arrests.
Effects of Cognitive Interviewing, Practice, and Interview Style on Children's Recall Performance in California, 1989-1990  

This data collection, designed to improve the quality of
 children's testimony in court, evaluates how different types of
 interview formats affect the completeness and accuracy of children's
 recall performance. Specifically, the study assesses the impact of a
 "practice interview" about an event on the completeness and accuracy
 of later reports about a second, unrelated event. Three interview
 conditions were employed, and each condition consisted of both a
 practice interview and a target interview. The three conditions were
 RS, RC, and CC, where "R" represents a practice session with
 rapport-building only, "S" represents a target interview that
 contained all components of the standard interview procedure, and
 "C" represents either a practice or target interview that contained
 all components of the cognitive interview procedure. In
 rapport-building sessions, interviewers talked about school
 activities, family life, and favorite games with the child. In
 standard and cognitive interview sessions, the rapport-building
 sessions were followed by a request from the interviewer for the child
 to verbalize a narrative account of "what happened" during an event
 that had been previously staged by the experimenter. This narrative
 account was then followed by the interviewer's request for additional
 information about the event. Cognitive interviews also included
 several additional questions that were hypothesized to improve recall
 performance. The number of correct items recalled and the number of
 incorrect items generated were used to compare the performance of
children in the three interview conditions.
Alternative Probation Strategies in Baltimore, Maryland

The purpose of this study was to assess the relative
cost-effectiveness of supervised probation, unsupervised probation,
and community service. Data were collected from several sources:
input-intake forms used by the State of Maryland, probation officers'
case record files, Maryland state police rap sheets, FBI sources, and
interviews with Maryland probationers. Non-violent, less serious
offenders who normally received probation sentences of 12 months or
less were offered randomly selected assignments to one of three
treatment methods over a five-month period. Baseline data for
probationers in each of the three samples were drawn from an intake
form that was routinely completed for cases. An interim assessment of
recidivism was made at the midpoint of the intervention for each
probationer using information drawn from police records. Probationers
were interviewed six and twelve months after probation
ended. Demographic information on the probationers includes sex, race,
age, birthplace, marital status, employment status, and education.
Felony Prosecution and Sentencing in North Carolina, 1981-1982

This survey assesses the impact of a determinant sentencing
law, the Fair Sentencing Act, which became effective July 1, 1981, in
North Carolina. Specific variables include information from official
court records on witness testimony and quality of evidence, information
from prison staff and probation/parole officers, and social,
demographic, and criminal history for defendants. In this dataset it is
also possible to trace defendants through the criminal justice system
from arrest to disposition.
Adult Criminal Careers, Michigan:  1974-1977 

These data, taken from the computerized criminal history 
 files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, were collected to develop 
 estimates of the extent and variation of individual offending. Included 
 are the adult criminal records of individuals 17 years of age and older 
 arrested in Michigan from 1974 to 1977. The primary criterion for 
 inclusion in the sample was at least one arrest in Michigan for murder, 
 rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, or auto theft. Once 
 sampled, the arrest history includes data on all recorded arrests 
 through 1977, regardless of offense type. The full dataset includes 
 records for 41,191 individuals for a total of 200,007 arrests. The 
 dataset is organized by individual and includes demographic 
 characteristics of the individual (birth date, state of birth, sex, and 
 race) followed by information from the individual's arrest record in 
 chronological order. The arrest records include the date of arrest, the 
 offenses charged, the disposition (convicted, dismissed, or acquitted), 
 and the sentence. Because the data are organized by individual, they 
 are suitable for longitudinal analyses of individual offending patterns 
over time.
Effects of Determinant Sentencing on Institutional Climate and Prison Administration:  Connecticut, Minnesota, Illinois, 1981-1983

This data collection examines the effects of determinant
 sentencing on prison climate and administration. Three data collection
 periods are covered in the dataset. Parts 1-3 contain data taken from
 a total random sample of offenders housed at five prisons over all
 three data collection periods. Part 4 is an additional sample from the
 state of Connecticut of inmates serving determinate sentences,
 collected during the third period of data collection. Parts 5 and 6
 comprise indeterminate sample data from all three data collection
 periods, while Parts 7-9 contain determinate panel sample data from
 all three collection periods. There were six questionnaires used in
 collecting these data, covering inmates' feelings about their arrest,
 court case, and conviction, their feelings about the law, physical
 problems developed during their prison term, how their time was spent
 in prison, family contacts outside prison, relationships with other
 prisoners and guards, involvement in prison programs, and criminal
history.
Evaluation of Intensive Probation in Milwaukee, 1980-1981

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results and 
 impact of a two-year experiment in innovative probation practices in 
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin. After being classified according to the Wisconsin 
 risk and needs assessment scale, individuals who had been sentenced to 
 probation between January 2, 1980 and June 30, 1981 and had reported to 
 the probation department for intake were randomly assigned to one of 
 eight experimental and control groups. The experiment was limited to 
 adult residents of Milwaukee County who were not already on probation, 
 were not judged to be severe psychotic or severe sex-deviant cases, and 
 were not assigned to jail work-release sentences of more than ten days 
 followed by probation (Huber cases). There are three files in this data 
 collection: the Reassessment file, the Admissions/Terminations file, 
 and the Chronological file. Each case in the Reassessment and 
 Admissions/Terminations files represents data on an individual 
 probationer. There are 84 variables for 1343 cases in the Reassessment 
 file and 218 variables for 1922 cases in the Admissions/Terminations 
 file, both files have logical record lengths of 100 characters. Of the 
 1922 cases for which admissions data were collected (about 133 
 variables), 397 cases also have termination data available (an 
 additional 85 variables). Cases in the Chronological file are records 
 of probation agent contacts with probationers over the course of the 
 study. There are 17 variables for 47,169 cases (contacts) in this file 
 which includes information on 1781 probationers. As many as 270 
 contacts with a single probationer are recorded. This file has a 
logical record length of 80.
Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data: Hate Crime Data (Record-Type Files), United States, 2016 

In response to a growing concern about hate crimes, the United States Congress enacted the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990. The Act requires the attorney general to establish guidelines and collect, as part of the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, data "about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity, including where appropriate the crimes of murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravated assault, simple assault, intimidation, arson, and destruction, damage or vandalism of property." Hate crime data collection was required by the Act to begin in calendar year 1990 and to continue for four successive years. In September 1994, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act to add disabilities, both physical and mental, as factors that could be considered a basis for hate crimes. Although the Act originally mandated data collection for five years, the Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 amended the collection duration "for each calendar year," making hate crime statistics a permanent addition to the UCR program. As with the other UCR data, law enforcement agencies contribute reports either directly or through their state reporting programs. Information contained in the data includes number of victims and offenders involved in each hate crime incident, type of victims, bias motivation, offense type, and location type.
Los Angeles Homicides, 1830-2003

There has been little research on United States homicide
 rates from a long-term perspective, primarily because there has been
 no consistent data series on a particular place preceding the Uniform
 Crime Reports (UCR), which began its first full year in 1931. To fill
 this research gap, this project created a data series that spans two
 centuries on homicides per capita for the city of Los Angeles. The
 goal was to create a site-specific, individual-based data series that
 could be used to examine major social shifts related to homicide, such
 as mass immigration, urban growth, war, demographic changes, and
 changes in laws. The basic approach to the data collection was to
 obtain the best possible estimate of annual counts and the most
 complete information on individual homicides. Data were derived from
 multiple sources, including Los Angeles court records, as well as
 annual reports of the coroner and daily newspapers. Part 1 (Annual
 Homicides and Related Data) variables include Los Angeles County
 annual counts of homicides, counts of female victims, method of
 killing such as drowning, suffocating, or strangling, and the homicide
 rate. Part 2 (Individual Homicide Data) variables include the date and
 place of the murder, the age, sex, race, and place of birth of the
offender and victim, type of weapon used, and source of data.
Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data: County-Level Detailed Arrest and Offense Data, United States, 2014

This data collection contains county-level counts of
arrests and offenses for Part I offenses (murder, rape, robbery,
aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, auto theft, and arson) and
counts of arrests for Part II offenses (forgery, fraud, embezzlement,
vandalism, weapons violations, sex offenses, drug and alcohol abuse
violations, gambling, vagrancy, curfew violations, and runaways).
Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data: National Incident-Based Reporting System, 2014

The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is a
part of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR), administered by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). In the late 1970s, the law
enforcement community called for a thorough evaluative study of the
UCR with the objective of recommending an expanded and enhanced UCR
program to meet law enforcement needs into the 21st century. The FBI
fully concurred with the need for an updated program to meet
contemporary needs and provided its support, formulating a
comprehensive redesign effort. Following a multiyear study, a
"Blueprint for the Future of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program" was
developed. Using the "Blueprint," and in consultation with local and
state law enforcement executives, the FBI formulated new guidelines
for the Uniform Crime Reports. The National Incident-Based Reporting
System (NIBRS) was implemented to meet these guidelines. NIBRS data
are archived at ICPSR as 11 separate data files per year, which may be
merged by using linkage variables. Prior to 2013 the data were archived and distributed as 13 separate data files, including three separate batch header record files. In 2013 the FBI combined the three batch header files into one file. Consequently, ICPSR instituted new file numbering for the 2013 data. NIBRS data focus on a variety of
aspects of a crime incident. Part 2 (formerly Part 4), Administrative Segment, offers
data on the incident itself (date and time). Each crime incident is
delineated by one administrative segment record. Also provided are
Part 3 (formerly Part 5), Offense Segment (offense type, location, weapon use, and bias
motivation), Part 4 (formerly Part 6), Property Segment (type of property loss, property
description, property value, drug type and quantity), Part 5 (formerly Part 7), Victim
Segment (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and injuries), Part 6 (formerly Part 8), Offender
Segment (age, sex, and race), and Part 7 (formerly Part 9), Arrestee Segment (arrest
date, age, sex, race, and weapon use). The Batch Header Segment (Part 1, formerly Parts
1-3) separates and identifies individual police agencies by
Originating Agency Identifier (ORI). Batch Header information, which
is contained on three records for each ORI, includes agency name,
geographic location, and population of the area. Part 8 (formerly Part 10), Group B
Arrest Report Segment, includes arrestee data for Group B crimes.
Window Segments files (Parts 9-11, formerly Parts 11-13) pertain to incidents for which the
complete Group A Incident Report was not submitted to the FBI. In
general, a Window Segment record will be generated if the incident
occurred prior to January 1 of the previous year or if the incident
occurred prior to when the agency started NIBRS reporting. As with the
UCR, participation in NIBRS is voluntary on the part of law
enforcement agencies. The data are not a representative sample of
crime in the United States.