AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Measuring Perceptions of Appropriate Prison Sentences in the United States, 2000

This study examined the public's preferences regarding
 sentencing and parole of criminal offenders. It also investigated the
 public's willingness to pay for particular crime prevention and
 control strategies and tested new methods for gathering this kind of
 information from the public. This involved asking the public to
 respond to a series of crime vignettes that involved constrained
 choice. The study consisted of a telephone survey of 1,300 adult
 respondents conducted in 2000 in the United States. Following a review
 by a panel of experts and extensive pretesting, the final instrument
 was programmed for computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI). The
 questionnaire specifically focused on: (1) the attitudes of the public
 on issues such as the number of police on the street, civil rights of
 minority groups, and the legal rights of people accused of serious
 crimes, (2) the randomized evaluation of preferred sentencing
 alternatives for eight different crime scenarios, (3) making parole
 decisions in a constrained choice setting by assuming that there is
 only enough space for one of two offenders, (4) the underlying factors
 that motivate the public's parole decisions, and (5) respondents'
willingness to pay for various crime prevention strategies.
Determinants of Case Growth in Federal District Courts in the United States, 1904-2002

This study analyzed the determinants of the explosion in
the caseload of the United States federal district courts that
commenced in 1960. First, the study sought to provide forecasts of
future demands on the federal courts while reducing forecasting errors
by taking account of the time series properties of the case data. The
researchers constructed a comprehensive dataset based on annual
aggregated civil and criminal case volumes of individual federal
district courts spanning the period 1904-1998, for a total of 95
yearly observations. Secondly, the study specified and estimated
multivariate econometric models of the determinants of civil case
filings over time and across geographic space using panel data
techniques. These empirical models were run on three alternative
datasets consisting of observations on statewide, districtwide, and
circuitwide United States civil, private civil, and total civil cases
per capita, over the period 1960 to 1998. The empirical models
included standard socioeconomic variables, such as income, population
density, and race, along with variables that controlled for fixed
effects associated with the courts' geographic location. The study
also addressed the pressing issue of allocating judgeships across
circuits and districts. Variables include total civil and criminal
cases, percentage of minority population, unemployment rate,
percentage of drug and immigration cases, annual unweighted and
weighted total case filings per judge, and annual civil and criminal
case filings per judge.
Correlates and Consequences of Juvenile Exposure to Violence in the United States, 1995  

This study examined the effect of exposure to violence on
 juveniles. It was specifically concerned with juveniles' perceptions
 of violence in schools and communities and how exposure to violence
 served as a risk factor for juvenile drug and alcohol use and
 participation in other delinquent activities. It also sought to
 develop a more complete picture of the context and consequences of
 violence in schools. The data for this study were drawn from the
 NATIONAL SURVEY OF ADOLESCENTS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1995 (ICPSR
 2833). The data were collected through a national probability
 telephone sample of 4,023 juveniles and their parents or guardians.
 The current study drew primarily on the questions that were asked
 about respondents' experiences witnessing violence, their own
 victimization, peer and family deviance, their own delinquent
activities, and drug and alcohol use.
Evaluating Network Sampling in Victimization Surveys in Peoria, Illinois, 1986

This data collection evaluates the advantages of network 
 sampling over traditional methods in conducting crime and victimization 
 surveys. Network sampling links population households in specified 
 ways, for reporting purposes, in order to increase the likelihood of 
 locating households with particular characteristics. The investigators 
 conducted a reverse record check survey of victims and a network survey 
 with a random sample of the victims' relatives and close friends. The 
 researchers compared the extent to which crime victims reported their 
 victimization experiences in a general crime and victimization 
 interview and the extent to which a randomly selected relative or close 
 friend of each victim reported the same victimization in the same type 
 of interview. In addition, they examined whether significant reporting 
 differences were evident by type of crime and by various demographic 
variables.
Prosecuting Adolescents in Juvenile and Criminal Jurisdictions in Selected Counties in New Jersey and New York, 1992-1993  

A different model of justice is assumed to be reflected in
 the prosecution of adolescents in juvenile jurisdictions compared to
 criminal jurisdictions, with a juvenile justice model in the juvenile
 jurisdiction and a criminal justice model in the criminal jurisdiction. 
 These two models of justice are believed to be very different from one
 another across three dimensions: formality of case processing,
 evaluation of defendants, and punishment. This research project compared
 the prosecution and punishment of adolescent felony offenders in the New
 Jersey juvenile jurisdiction and the New York criminal jurisdiction to
 determine whether these two models of justice varied across the two
 jurisdiction types. Data from this collection were used by the
 researcher only to examine the dimension of punishment severity across
 jurisdiction types and across courts within each jurisdiction type. Data
 were collected on comparable cases of adolescent felony offenders from
 counties in New Jersey and New York. Due to the very different
 boundaries between juvenile and criminal jurisdictions in these adjacent
 states, the data include cases (matched by offense and offender age) in
 New Jersey's juvenile jurisdiction and New York's criminal jurisdiction.
 Cases of 15- and 16-year-old defendants who had been charged with
 aggravated assault, robbery, or burglary in three counties of New Jersey
 and three counties of New York City in 1992 and 1993 were sampled.
 Variables include offender characteristics, such as age at offense, sex,
 race, and ethnicity, offense characteristics, court action and
sentencing information, state, and county.
Case Classification for Juvenile Corrections:  Evaluation of the Youth Level of Service Inventory in Ohio, 1998-2001

This study assessed the effectiveness of the Youth Level of
Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI or Y-LSI). The Y-LSI is an
instrument for classifying juvenile offender risk of recidivism and
for identifying areas of treatment need that, if addressed, will
result in a reduced risk of recidivism. Three juvenile correction
agencies in Ohio that used the Y-LSI for case classification were the
settings for this study. Data in Part 1 were collected on 1,679 youths
received in the three correctional settings between July 1, 1998, and
June 30, 1999. Youths' files were reviewed to complete the data
collection instruments. These files contained demographic and
background information, Y-LSI assessments, and information relating to
treatment and service referrals, completion of programming, and
supervision outcome. One year after the initial Y-LSI assessments,
reassessment data were collected on youths. Reassessments were
completed on youth at the time of program completion or one year after
the initial assessment. Supervision outcome data were collected two
years after the initial data collection. Data in Part 2 were collected
in 2001 through a survey of 196 agency staff members on their
reactions to the use of the Y-LSI as a classification instrument.
Evaluation of the Transfer of Responsibility for Child Protective Services to Law Enforcement in Manatee, Pasco, and Pinellas Counties, Florida, 1995-2001

In 1998 Florida law required that the responsibility for
 child maltreatment investigations be transferred from a statewide
 child welfare agency to the sheriff's offices in Manatee, Pasco, and
 Pinellas Counties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes
 produced by this change. This study used a nonequivalent control
 group design. Performance in Manatee, Pasco, and Pinellas Counties was
 compared to performance in selected counties before and after the
 change in service took place. Data were obtained from the Florida
 Abuse Hotline Information System (FAHIS), an online data system that
 contained records of all reported incidents of abuse and neglect in
the state of Florida.
National Survey of Police Call Management Strategies and Community Policing Activities, 2000

For this study, two different projects with an overlap of
purpose made use of the same data, which were based on a national
sample of 695 police departments. One project conducted background
research for a guidebook on call management for community policing.
The other focused on the use of computer-aided dispatch (CAD) systems
in community policing. Survey questions focused on the types of CAD
systems, call management strategies, and community policing activities
employed by each of the departments. Variables include types of CAD
data used, use of different call management strategies, problem
solving measures used, resource allocation measures used, community
involvement/satisfaction measures used, support for special units,
methods used for management accountability, and involvement in
community policing activities.
Drug Offending in Cleveland, Ohio Neighborhoods, 1990-1997 and 1999-2001

This study investigated changes in the geographic
concentration of drug crimes in Cleveland from 1990 to 2001. The study
looked at both the locations of drug incidents and where drug
offenders lived in order to explore factors that bring residents from
one neighborhood into other neighborhoods to engage in drug-related
activities. This study was based on data collected for the 224 census
tracts in Cleveland, Ohio, in the 1990 decennial Census for the years
1990 to 1997 and 1999 to 2001. Data on drug crimes for 1990 to 1997
and 1999 to 2001 were obtained from Cleveland Police Department (CPD)
arrest records and used to produce counts of the number of drug
offenses that occurred in each tract in each year and the number of
arrestees for drug offenses who lived in each tract. Other variables
include counts and rates of other crimes committed in each census
tract in each year, the social characteristics and housing conditions
of each census tract, and net migration for each census tract.
Breaking the Cycle of Drugs and Crime in Birmingham, Alabama, Jacksonville, Florida, and Tacoma, Washington, 1997-2001

This study was an evaluation of the Breaking the Cycle
 (BTC) demonstration projects conducted in Birmingham, Alabama,
 Jacksonville, Florida, and Tacoma, Washington, between 1997 and
 2001. The BTC demonstrations tested the feasibility and impact of
 systemwide interventions to reduce drug use among offenders by
 identifying and intervening with drug-involved felony defendants. This
 study contains data collected as part of the impact evaluation of BTC,
 which was designed to test the hypotheses that BTC reduced criminal
 involvement, substance abuse, and problems related to the health,
 mental health, employment, and families of felony drug defendants in
 the demonstration sites. The evaluation examined the relationship
 between changes in these areas and characteristics of the
 participants, the kinds and levels of services and supervision they
 received, and perceptions of defendants about the justice system's
 handling of their cases. It also assessed how BTC affected case
 handling and the length of time required to reach a disposition, the
 number of hearings, and the kinds of sentences imposed. The impact
 evaluation was based on a quasi-experimental comparison of defendants
 in BTC with samples of similar defendants arrested in the year before
 BTC implementation. Interviews were conducted with sample members and
 additional data were gathered from administrative records sources,
such as the BTC programs, arrest records, and court records.
Suicide and Risk Behaviors in an Incarcerated American Indian Population in the Northern Plains [United States], 1999-2000

This study was initiated by the administrator of a county
jail in the Northern Plains of the United States who was concerned
about the incidence of suicide behaviors in that facility,
particularly among the American Indian population. It was a two-year
project designed to evaluate the existing admissions suicide screening
tool and to improve the instrument's cultural relevance for the
American Indian population. The existing screening instrument used in
the county jail to interview inmates at their intake was developed in
New York. The main objective of the first year of the project was to
determine if that instrument was culturally appropriate for the jailed
American Indian population. The principal objective of the second year
of the project was to determine whether the employment of different
suicide screening protocols would make a difference in the responses
of new detainees with regard to the likelihood of securing their
honest reports of experiencing suicide ideation and its associated
risk factors. For the duration of the project, all male and female
inmates aged 18 and older who were booked into the jail went through
the customary booking procedure that included the administration of
the New York Suicide Prevention Screening Guidelines. In the first
year of the project, researchers also administered a short self-report
survey consisting of measures commonly associated with suicidal
ideation. The self-report survey measured stress, anxiety, suicide
ideation, hopelessness, and suicidal behavior history. The protocols
in the second year of the project reflected efforts to test different
screening conditions for four experimental groups and one control
group of new detainees. The outcome variables of the short self-report
survey consisted of measures of demographics, comfort experience
during booking and the screening process, self-efficacy and management
of depression, knowledge of mental health support available within the
jail, and general well-being. In addition to the quantitative data
collection, qualitative data were also collected to develop a
straightforward assessment of suicide ideation criteria in this
specific jail setting using semi-structured focus group interviews.
Validation of a Risk Assessment Instrument for Juvenile Probationers in Alameda County, California, 1996  

This study sought to develop a risk assessment instrument
to be used in the placement of adjudicated juveniles and
determination of outcomes for juvenile probationers. The following
research questions served as a guide in developing the risk
assessment instrument: (1) Does the instrument measure what it
purports to measure? (2) Do similar cases receive similar
recommendations for placement services? (3) Is the instrument fair to
dissimilar groups? (4) Is the instrument useful to practitioners?
and (5) Will the instrument be simple to implement? The goal of the
new risk assessment instrument was to address the relative risk of
recidivism without taking into account the severity of the current
offense. In order to develop a new risk assessment instrument,
researchers adapted a pre-existing instrument that had been used and
validated with juvenile probationers in California. The new
instrument was used to evaluate youths for three measures of
recidivism: intake actions, petitions filed, and petitions sustained
through one year after the placement decisions were made. The sample
of youths was comprised of those who in 1996 had received either a
field supervision or a placement order as a disposition. The
instrument measured age at first finding, prior criminal behavior,
institutional commitments or placement of 30 consecutive days or
more, drug/chemical use, alcohol use, parental skills, school
disciplinary problems, and peer relationships.
Homicides in New York City, 1797-1999 [And Various Historical Comparison Sites]

There has been little research on United States homicide
rates from a long-term perspective, primarily because there has been
no consistent data series on a particular place preceding the Uniform
Crime Reports (UCR), which began its first full year in 1931. To fill
this research gap, this project created a data series on homicides per
capita for New York City that spans two centuries. The goal was to
create a site-specific, individual-based data series that could be
used to examine major social shifts related to homicide, such as mass
immigration, urban growth, war, demographic changes, and changes in
laws. Data were also gathered on various other sites, particularly in
England, to allow for comparisons on important issues, such as the
post-World War II wave of violence. The basic approach to the data
collection was to obtain the best possible estimate of annual counts
and the most complete information on individual homicides. The annual
count data (Parts 1 and 3) were derived from multiple sources,
including the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports
and Supplementary Homicide Reports, as well as other official counts
from the New York City Police Department and the City Inspector in the
early 19th century. The data include a combined count of murder and
manslaughter because charge bargaining often blurs this legal
distinction. The individual-level data (Part 2) were drawn from
coroners' indictments held by the New York City Municipal Archives,
and from daily newspapers. Duplication was avoided by keeping a record
for each victim. The estimation technique known as "capture-recapture"
was used to estimate homicides not listed in either source. Part 1
variables include counts of New York City homicides, arrests, and
convictions, as well as the homicide rate, race or ethnicity and
gender of victims, type of weapon used, and source of data. Part 2
includes the date of the murder, the age, sex, and race of the
offender and victim, and whether the case led to an arrest, trial,
conviction, execution, or pardon. Part 3 contains annual homicide
counts and rates for various comparison sites including Liverpool,
London, Kent, Canada, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Seattle, and San
Francisco.
Integrating the Ion Mobility Spectrometer Into Drug Monitoring at the New Orleans Pretrial Diversion Program, 1996  

This project was designed to evaluate the use of a drug
 detection instrument, the ion mobility spectrometer (IMS), and to
 integrate its use into an ongoing pretrial diversion program for
 nonviolent, first-time, drug-abusing offenders. The Pretrial
 Diversion Program in Orleans Parish, Louisiana, targeted offenders
 with limited arrest histories of nonviolent felony or misdemeanor
 violations. The majority of eligible participants were violators of
 simple drug possession statutes, primarily crack/cocaine or
 marijuana. Persons charged with drug distribution offenses were not
 eligible. In order to qualify for diversion, persons had to admit
 guilt regarding the acts for which they were arrested. The program
 was entirely voluntary. One of the unique aspects of this program
 was its aggressive use of drug testing, including urinalysis and hair
 analysis. This project evaluated the ability of the IMS to provide
 complete drug profile information to supervising agencies and
 assessed its usefulness to field staff engaged in drug monitoring
 duties. The project was based on the premise that enhanced
 information on offenders diverted into this program could create or
 improve several key aspects of program operation, such as client
 assessment, monitoring of compliance and progress, dispositional
 decision-making, client motivation, and staff morale. The study was
 designed to integrate the IMS into the normal operation of the New
 Orleans Pretrial Diversion Program with as little modification of
 existing treatment and supervision protocols as possible. Each client
 in the diversion program underwent an intensive intake assessment
 including an intake radioimmunoassay (RIA) hair assay and an
 additional RIA hair assay every 60 days. Each client was urine-tested
 at intake and assigned to a random test pool. The modified protocol
 for the project added an IMS-based scan or a hair specimen, skin
 wipe, and ten-second vacuum scan of clothing, hands, and axillae at
 intake. At each subsequent visit each client had a repeat IMS scan
 utilizing a skin swab and a scan of clothing or body area. Variables
 include self-reported cocaine use, self-reported marijuana use, IMS
 date, urinalysis date, hair assay results, urinalysis results, IMS
 detection, nicotine use, maximum amplitude, delta, cumulative
 amplitude, number of detections, whether the IMS showed a positive
result, and the age, sex, and race of the client.
Classifying Inmates for Strategic Programming in the New York Department of Corrections, 1997-1998

The main goal of this study was to construct and test a
 statistically based system of classifying inmates for one or more
 types of Substance Abuse Intervention Division (SAID) sponsored
 treatment programs within the New York Department of Corrections (DOC)
 system. The sample used for the prediction models was a sample of
 recent jail inmates identified as eligible for admission to SAID. DOC
 provided data from its Inmate Information System (IIS) database on
 each of the cases. Researchers collected two sets of data: one that
 employed only DOC data (Part 1) and another that included
 supplementary data from the Division of Criminal Justice Services
 (DCJS) and the New York City Criminal Justice Agency (CJA) (Part 2).
 The DOC data (Part 1) fall into four main categories: demographic
 characteristics, information on the current case, prior criminal
 record information, and SAID eligibility information. Part 2, DOC and
 Supplementary Data, includes all the DOC items from Part 1 along with
other data collected from DCJS and the New York City CJA.