AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
MODIS Terra and Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly Global 500m

The MODIS Terra and Aqua MCD12Q1 Version 6.1 product provides global land cover classification at yearly intervals. The dataset is generated using supervised classifications of combined MODIS Terra and Aqua reflectance data. Land cover types are derived from multiple classification schemes, including the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), University of Maryland (UMD), Leaf Area Index (LAI), BIOME-Biogeochemical Cycles (BGC), and Plant Functional Types (PFT). The classifications are further refined through post-processing that incorporates prior knowledge and ancillary information. The product also includes additional land cover property layers based on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS). Each dataset file contains layers for Land Cover Types 1-5, Land Cover Properties 1-3, Land Cover Property Assessments 1-3, a Land Cover Quality Control (QC) layer, and a Land-Water Mask.
Sentinel-6 P4 Level 2 Short Time Critical (STC)

The Sentinel-6 P4 Level 2 Short Time Critical (STC) product provides medium-latency ocean surface data, including sea surface height, wind speed, and wave height, tailored for ocean modelling and assimilation purposes. The data are organized by full satellite passes (pole-to-pole) and are delivered within 36 hours of acquisition. The product is available in NetCDF format and ensures consistent quality for near-operational applications.
Sentinel-6 P4 Level 2 Non Time Critical (NTC)

The Sentinel-6 P4 Level 2 Non Time Critical (NTC) product delivers the highest quality ocean surface measurements, including sea surface height, wind speed, and wave height, designed for climate research and long-term monitoring. The data are processed using the most up-to-date algorithms and auxiliary information, organized by full satellite passes, and delivered within 60 days of acquisition. The product is provided in NetCDF format and is subject to regular reprocessing to maintain consistency with evolving processing standards.
Sentinel-6 P4 Level 2 Near Real-Time (NRT)

The Sentinel-6 P4 Level 2 Near Real-Time (NRT) product provides low-latency, operational-quality ocean surface data, including sea surface height, wind speed, and wave height measurements. The data are segmented into 10-minute granules per ground station pass and are delivered within three hours of acquisition. The product is optimized for use by meteorological and oceanographic agencies and is provided in NetCDF and BUFR formats.
Sentinel-6 P4 Level 1B Short Time Critical (STC)

The Sentinel-6 P4 Level 1B Short Time Critical (STC) product provides intermediate-latency ocean surface data, including sea surface height, wind speed, and wave height. It is tailored for oceanographic modeling and data assimilation purposes. Data are organized by full satellite passes (pole-to-pole) and are typically delivered within 36 hours of acquisition. The product is provided in NetCDF format and ensures consistent quality for near-operational applications.
Sentinel-6 P4 Level 1B Non Time Critical (NTC)

The Sentinel-6 P4 Level 1B Non Time Critical (NTC) product delivers the highest quality ocean surface measurements (sea surface height, wind speed, and wave height), designed for climate research and long-term monitoring. The data are organized by full satellite passes and delivered within 60 days of acquisition. The product is provided in NetCDF format and is subject to reprocessing to maintain consistency with evolving standards.
Sentinel-6 P4 Level 1B Near Real-Time (NRT)

The Sentinel-6 P4 Level 1B Near Real-Time (NRT) product provides low-latency, operational-quality ocean surface data, including sea surface height, wind speed, and wave height. The data are segmented into 10-minute granules per ground station pass and delivered within three hours of acquisition. The product is provided in NetCDF and BUFR formats.
Sentinel-6 AMR-C Non Time Critical (NTC)

The Sentinel-6 AMR-C Non Time Critical (NTC) product delivers high-precision, fully calibrated brightness temperature data at three microwave frequencies (18.7, 23.8, and 34.0 GHz). Optimised for long-term climate monitoring, the product enables accurate retrieval of wet tropospheric corrections and supports reanalysis and reprocessing applications. Data are structured by satellite passes and made available within 60 days of acquisition in NetCDF format.
Sentinel-6 AMR-C Near Real-Time (NRT)

The Sentinel-6 AMR-C Near Real-Time (NRT) product provides low-latency measurements of brightness temperatures at 18.7, 23.8, and 34 GHz, acquired with linear polarisation. These data enable rapid estimation of wet tropospheric path delay and atmospheric attenuation corrections for altimetry in near real-time. The product is segmented into 10-minute granules and delivered within three hours of acquisition, supporting operational sea level and weather forecasting systems.
Sentinel-3 SYNERGY Aerosol Optical Depth (NTC)

This Collection provides the Sentinel-3 Synergy Level-2 Aerosol Optical Depth product, which is a downstream development of the Sentinel-2 Level-1 OLCI FR and SLSTR Radiances and Brightness Temperatures products. The dataset provides both retrieved and diagnostic global aerosol parameters at super-pixel (4.5 km x 4.5 km) resolution in a single NetCDF file for all regions over land and ocean free of snow/ice cover, excluding high cloud fraction data.
Sentinel-3 SLSTR Land Surface Temperature (NTC)

This Collection provides Sentinel-3 SLSTR Level-2 Land Surface Temperature products containing data on land surface temperature measurements on a 1km grid. Radiance is measured in two channels to determine the temperature of the Earth's surface skin in the instrument field of view, where the term "skin" refers to the top surface of bare soil or the effective emitting temperature of vegetation canopies as viewed from above.
Sentinel-3 SLSTR Land Surface Temperature (NRT)

This Collection provides Sentinel-3 SLSTR Level-2 Land Surface Temperature products containing data on land surface temperature measurements on a 1km grid. Radiance is measured in two channels to determine the temperature of the Earth's surface skin in the instrument field of view, where the term "skin" refers to the top surface of bare soil or the effective emitting temperature of vegetation canopies as viewed from above.
Sentinel-2 Night-Time Acquisitions

The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission was conceived as a daytime-only imaging mission, focusing on land and coastal waters with high spatial resolution across visible, near-infrared, and shortwave-infrared spectral bands. As part of Sentinel-2 Next Generation mission preparation, ESA is investigating the potential for night-time acquisitions, focusing on specific regions and limited revisit scenarios. To assess this capability, an experimental night imaging campaign was conducted in December 2025 over two orbital cycles. The campaign targeted selected regions identified from user requests and mission analysis, including oil and gas facilities, urban and industrial areas, and maritime zones. More information: https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/news/2026-6-3-copernicus-sentinel-2-night-time-campaign-dataset
Sentinel-2 Level-2A TLM

The Sentinel-2 Level-2A Collection 1 product provides orthorectified Surface Reflectance (Bottom-Of-Atmosphere: BOA), with sub-pixel multispectral and multitemporal registration accuracy. Scene Classification (including Clouds and Cloud Shadows), AOT (Aerosol Optical Thickness) and WV (Water Vapour) maps are included in the product.
Sentinel-2 Level-2A

The Sentinel-2 Level-2A Collection 1 product provides orthorectified Surface Reflectance (Bottom-Of-Atmosphere: BOA), with sub-pixel multispectral and multitemporal registration accuracy. Scene Classification (including Clouds and Cloud Shadows), AOT (Aerosol Optical Thickness) and WV (Water Vapour) maps are included in the product.
Sentinel-2 Level-1C

The Level-1C product is composed of 110x110 km2 tiles (ortho-images in UTM/WGS84 projection). Earth is subdivided on a predefined set of tiles, defined in UTM/WGS84 projection and using a 100 km step. However, each tile has a surface of 110x110 km² in order to provide large overlap with the neighbouring. The Level-1C product results from using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to project the image in cartographic geometry. Per-pixel radiometric measurements are provided in Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectances along with the parameters to transform them into radiances.
Sentinel-2 Global Mosaics

The mosaics have four bands of data (Red (B04), Green (B03), Blue (B02) and wide band Near Infrared (B08)). First, cloud masking based on the scene classification layer of the Sentinel-2 level 2 algorithm was applied, then for each pixel and band, within three-month time periods, the first quartile of the distribution of the pixel values was taken as the output value to filter out any bright pixels misclassified as not clouds. If there are no valid pixels for the given timeframe, the pixel is left empty. Sentinel-2 cloudless mosaics can be used for various purposes such as land cover classification, land use planning, or for the creation of basemaps. These images are especially useful for showing large and cloudy areas with interesting large-scale patterns. Iceland is a prime example, with frequent cloud cover and large areal extent spanning several Sentinel-2 swaths.
Sentinel-1 Single Look Complex: WV

This collection offers Sentinel-1 Level-1 Single Look Complex (SLC) products captured in Wave Mode (WV). Level-1 SLC products are images in the slant range by azimuth imaging plane, in the image plane of satellite data acquisition. Each image pixel is represented by a complex (I and Q) magnitude value and therefore contains both amplitude and phase information. Each I and Q value is 16 bits per pixel. The processing for all SLC products results in a single look in each dimension using the full available signal bandwidth. The imagery is geo-referenced using orbit and attitude data from the satellite. SLC images are produced in a zero Doppler geometry. This convention is common with the standard slant range products available from other SAR sensors.
Sentinel-1 Single Look Complex: IW, EW, SM

This collection offers Sentinel-1 Level-1 Single Look Complex (SLC) products captured in the modes Interferometric Wide Swath (IW), Extra Wide Swath (EW), and Strip Map Mode (SM). Level-1 SLC products are images in the slant range by azimuth imaging plane, in the image plane of satellite data acquisition. Each image pixel is represented by a complex (I and Q) magnitude value and therefore contains both amplitude and phase information. Each I and Q value is 16 bits per pixel. The processing for all SLC products results in a single look in each dimension using the full available signal bandwidth. The imagery is geo-referenced using orbit and attitude data from the satellite. SLC images are produced in a zero Doppler geometry. This convention is common with the standard slant range products available from other SAR sensors.
Sentinel-1 Level-2 Ocean (OCN): WV

This collection offers Sentinel-1 Level-2 Ocean (OCN) products captured in Wave Mode (WV). Level-2 OCN products are specifically processed radar data. These products consist of geo-located geophysical parameters derived from Sentinel-1 Level-1 SAR data and are composed of three components: an Ocean Swell Spectra (OSW) component, an Ocean Wind Field (OWI) component, and a Radial Velocity (RVL) component. The OWI component is a ground-range gridded estimate of the surface wind speed and direction at 10 m above the surface. The OSW component is a two-dimensional ocean surface swell spectrum and includes an estimate of wind speed and direction for each swell spectrum. The OSW component provides continuous measurements of SAR swell spectra at C-band. The RVL surface radial velocity component is a ground-range gridded difference between the measured Level-2 Doppler grid and the geometrical Doppler calculated from Level-1 data. The RVL component provides continuity with the ASAR Doppler grid. OCN products are generated from all four Sentinel-1 imaging modes. In SM mode, the OCN product contains all three components. In IW and EW modes, the OCN product contains only OWI and RVL. In WV mode, the OCN product contains only OSW and RVL.
Sentinel-1 Level-2 Ocean (OCN): IW, EW, SM

This collection offers Sentinel-1 Level-2 Ocean (OCN) products captured in Wave Mode (WV). Level-2 OCN products are specifically processed radar data. These products consist of geo-located geophysical parameters derived from Sentinel-1 Level-1 SAR data and are composed of three components: an Ocean Swell Spectra (OSW) component, an Ocean Wind Field (OWI) component, and a Radial Velocity (RVL) component. The OWI component is a ground-range gridded estimate of the surface wind speed and direction at 10 m above the surface. The OSW component is a two-dimensional ocean surface swell spectrum and includes an estimate of wind speed and direction for each swell spectrum. The OSW component provides continuous measurements of SAR swell spectra at C-band. The RVL surface radial velocity component is a ground-range gridded difference between the measured Level-2 Doppler grid and the geometrical Doppler calculated from Level-1 data. The RVL component provides continuity with the ASAR Doppler grid. OCN products are generated from all four Sentinel-1 imaging modes. In SM mode, the OCN product contains all three components. In IW and EW modes, the OCN product contains only OWI and RVL. In WV mode, the OCN product contains only OSW and RVL.
Sentinel-1 Ground Range Detected (GRD)

Level-1 Ground Range Detected (GRD) products consist of focused SAR data that has been detected, multi-looked and projected to ground range using the Earth ellipsoid model WGS84. The ellipsoid projection of the GRD products is corrected using the terrain height specified in the product general annotation. The terrain height used varies in azimuth and it is constant in range (For IW/EW modes only the terrain height of first subswath is considered)
Sentinel-1 Extended Time Annotation Products (ETAD) 

This collection provides Sentinel-1 Extended Time Annotation Products (ETAD), auxiliary datasets designed to improve the geometric accuracy of Sentinel-1 SAR products. ETAD products contain multiple timing correction layers that can be applied to Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide Swath (IW), Strip Map (SM), and Extra Wide Swath (EW) acquisitions. The data are distributed in NetCDF format and include corrections for ionospheric and tropospheric delays, solid Earth tides, and system timing effects such as Doppler shifts, bi-static corrections, and height-dependent FM-rate mismatches.
MODIS Terra and Aqua Direct Broadcast Burned Area Monthly L3 Global 500m

The MODIS Terra and Aqua MCD64A1 Version 6.1 product provides a global monthly burned area dataset at 500 m spatial resolution with per-pixel burn and quality information. The product is generated using MODIS Surface Reflectance imagery at 500 m resolution combined with 1 km MODIS active fire observations. The algorithm applies a burn-sensitive vegetation index derived from atmospherically corrected MODIS shortwave infrared reflectance bands 5 and 7 along with temporal texture analysis to detect burned areas. The dataset identifies the burn date for each 500 m grid cell within a MODIS tile, encoded as the ordinal day of the calendar year when the burn occurred, with additional values representing unburned land, water, or missing data. The product includes layers for Burn Date, Burn Date Uncertainty, Quality Assurance, and the First and Last Day of reliable change detection within the year.
MODIS Terra and Aqua BRDF Albedo Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance Daily L3 Global 500m

The MODIS Terra and Aqua MCD43A4 Version 6.1 product provides Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) at 500 m spatial resolution. The dataset is generated daily using 16 days of combined Terra and Aqua MODIS observations. Directional reflectance values are adjusted to remove view angle effects, resulting in a stable and consistent NBAR product. The data are temporally weighted to the ninth day of the 16-day period, which is reflected in the Julian date of the file name. The product includes NBAR reflectance for MODIS bands 1-7 along with simplified mandatory quality layers. For detailed quality information, users are advised to consult the corresponding MCD43A2 dataset.
MODIS Terra and Aqua Leaf Area Index FPAR 4-Day L4 Global 500m

The MODIS Terra and Aqua MCD15A3H Version 6.1 product provides a 4-day composite of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) at 500 m spatial resolution. The dataset is generated by selecting the best available pixel from all acquisitions from both MODIS sensors onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites within the 4-day compositing period. LAI represents the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground area in broadleaf canopies and half the total needle surface area per unit ground area in coniferous canopies. FPAR describes the fraction of incoming photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm) absorbed by the green vegetation canopy.
MODIS Terra and Aqua Leaf Area Index FPAR 8-Day L4 Global 500m

The MODIS Terra and Aqua MCD15A2H Version 6.1 product provides an 8-day composite of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) at 500 m spatial resolution. The dataset is generated by selecting the best available pixel from all acquisitions from both MODIS sensors onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites within the 8-day compositing period. LAI represents the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground area in broadleaf canopies and half the total needle surface area per unit ground area in coniferous canopies. FPAR describes the fraction of incoming photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm) absorbed by the green vegetation canopy.
MODIS Terra Land Surface Temperature 3-Band Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1km

The MODIS Terra MOD21A2 Version 6.1 product provides an 8-day composite of Land Surface Temperature (LST) and emissivity at 1 km spatial resolution. The dataset is based on the ASTER Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm, which retrieves LST and spectral emissivity simultaneously from MODIS thermal infrared bands 29, 31, and 32 using a physics-based approach combined with a Water Vapor Scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction method. The product is generated by averaging all cloud-free observations from the MOD21A1D (daytime) and MOD21A1N (nighttime) daily acquisitions within the 8-day compositing period. Both daytime and nighttime observations are included in a single file as separate science data layers, including LST, quality control (QC), view zenith angle, and observation time, while emissivity values for bands 29, 31, and 32 represent the average of both daytime and nighttime measurements.
MODIS Terra Net Primary Production Gap-Filled Yearly L4 Global 500m

The MODIS Terra MOD17A3HGF Version 6.1 product provides annual estimates of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) at 500 m spatial resolution. The dataset is generated by summing all 8-day GPP and Net Photosynthesis (PSN) values from the MOD17A2H product over a given year, where PSN is calculated as GPP minus Maintenance Respiration (MR). The gap-filled product is produced at the end of each year once the complete annual MOD15A2H LAI/FPAR dataset becomes available. Poor-quality LAI/FPAR inputs are identified using quality control flags and replaced through linear interpolation to improve data consistency. Because of this processing approach, the dataset is not available in near-real time and is released only after the full yearly dataset has been completed.
MODIS Terra Gross Primary Productivity Gap-Filled 8-Day L4 Global 500m

The MODIS Terra MOD17A2HGF Version 6.1 product provides a gap-filled 8-day cumulative composite of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) at 500 m spatial resolution. The dataset is based on the radiation use efficiency concept and can be used as input for models analyzing terrestrial energy balance, carbon and water cycles, and vegetation biogeochemistry. In addition to GPP, the product includes Net Photosynthesis (PSN), calculated as GPP minus Maintenance Respiration (MR), along with a quality control (QC) layer providing quality information for both variables. The gap-filled product is generated at the end of each year once the complete annual MOD15A2H LAI/FPAR dataset becomes available. Poor-quality LAI/FPAR inputs are identified using quality control flags and replaced through linear interpolation to improve data consistency. Consequently, the dataset is not available in near-real time and is produced only after the completion of the full yearly dataset.
MODIS Terra Gross Primary Productivity 8-Day L4 Global 500m

The MODIS Terra MOD17A2H Version 6.1 product provides an 8-day cumulative composite of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) at 500 m spatial resolution. The dataset is based on the radiation use efficiency concept and can be used as input for models analyzing terrestrial energy balance, carbon and water cycles, and vegetation biogeochemistry. In addition to GPP, the product includes Net Photosynthesis (PSN), calculated as GPP minus Maintenance Respiration (MR). The dataset also contains a PSN Quality Control (QC) layer that provides quality information for both the GPP and PSN variables.
MODIS Terra Net Evapotranspiration Gap-Filled Yearly L4 Global 500m

The MODIS Terra MOD16A3GF Version 6.1 product provides a yearly gap-filled composite of Evapotranspiration (ET) and Latent Heat Flux (LE) at 500 m spatial resolution. The dataset is generated using an algorithm based on the Penman-Monteith equation, which integrates daily meteorological reanalysis data with MODIS-derived variables such as vegetation dynamics, albedo, and land cover. The product is produced at the end of each year once the complete annual MOD15A2H LAI/FPAR dataset becomes available. Poor-quality LAI/FPAR inputs are identified using quality control flags and replaced through linear interpolation to improve data consistency. The dataset includes layers for ET, LE, Potential Evapotranspiration (PET), and Potential Latent Heat Flux (PLE), along with a quality control layer. Annual ET and PET values represent the sum of daily values over the year, while LE and PLE represent the annual average. Low-resolution browse images for ET and LE are also provided for each granule.
MODIS Terra Net Evapotranspiration Gap-Filled 8-Day L4 Global 500m

The MODIS Terra MOD16A2GF Version 6.1 product provides a gap-filled 8-day composite of Evapotranspiration (ET) and Latent Heat Flux (LE) at 500 m spatial resolution. The dataset is based on an algorithm derived from the Penman-Monteith equation, which integrates daily meteorological reanalysis data with MODIS-derived variables such as vegetation dynamics, albedo, and land cover. The gap-filled product is generated at the end of each year once the complete annual MOD15A2H LAI/FPAR dataset becomes available. Poor-quality LAI/FPAR inputs are identified using quality control flags and replaced through linear interpolation to improve data consistency. The dataset includes layers for ET, LE, Potential Evapotranspiration (PET), and Potential Latent Heat Flux (PLE), along with a quality control layer. ET and PET values represent the sum of daily values within each 8-day compositing period, while LE and PLE represent the average of the same period.