AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Summary of Yukon Geological Survey permafrost monitoring network results, 2008-2013

Up to six years of data have been collected at seven stations within Yukon Geological Survey’s permafrost monitoring network between 2008 and 2013. Warm permafrost conditions (>-0.5°C) governed by latent heat effects exist at the Whitehorse, Watson Lake, Ross River School and Dawson School monitoring stations, while average permafrost temperatures in Faro are only marginally cooler at -0.6°C. Mean annual ground temperatures at the Beaver Creek and the Dawson dump forest monitoring stations are much colder at -2.9 and -2.0°C respectively. Most sites show either insignificant or very slight short term permafrost warming trends, although slight cooling is apparent at Ross River School, and rapid warming has occurred at Beaver Creek over the monitoring period. Opportunities to expand the network and collaborate with external parties operating similar monitoring stations should be further explored to facilitate more complete and representative reporting on the thermal state of permafrost in Yukon.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Geology of Gravel Creek (105B/10) and Irvine Lake (105B/11) Map Areas, Southeastern Yukon

The Irvine Lake and Gravel lake map-areas (NTS 105B/10,11) lie within the northern Omineca Belt, west of the Tintina-Northern Rocky Mountain Trench (NRMT) fault. The eastern part of the area is underlain by Proterozoic to early Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks of Cassiar terrane, a fragment of the North American miogeocline which has been displaced northward on the Tintina-NRTM fault. The western part of the area is underlain by basaltic metavolcanics, serpentinized ultramafic rocks, metagabbro, and cherty and calcareous metasediments of the Slide Mountain terrane. Unfoliated to weakly foliated granitic intrusives (Marker Lake and Cassiar batholiths and Cabin Creek and Gravel Creek stocks) occur throughout the area intruding both the Cassiar and Slide Mountain terranes. Slide Mountain and Cassiar terranes are juxtaposed by an east-verging thrust referred to in this area as the Zak fault. Southwest of Irvine Lake, the thrust places serpentine, basaltic meta-volcanics, and an undeformed dioritic intrusion onto a footwall consisting of the Proterozoic Tsaydiz Formation and older units. Northwest of Irvine Lake, near Shootamook Creek, the thrust places cherty metasediments of the allochthon onto marble and quartzite inferred to be lower Cambrian Rosella and Boya Formations, respectively. The northern end of the Cassiar batholith extends into the southwestern corner of Irvine Lake map area. Its northeastern contact with rocks of Slide Mountain terrane is a subvertical, northwest-southeast trending mylonite zone several tens of metres wide. Mesoscopic structures including S-C fabrics and shear bands prove dextral displacement parallel to a variably plunging, but commonly sub-horizontal stretching lineation. The mylonite zone lies along a pronounced topographic lineamnet which extends from the trace of the Cassiar fault south of the Alaska Highway northwestwardly into the Irvine Lake map-area rather than veering to the west as previously mapped.
Mineral occurrences in this area are primarily near the contact of granitic intrusions and carbonate rocks. Carbonate rocks hosting the deposits belong to the upper Proterozoic Ingenika Group (Swannell, Tsaydiz and Espee formations) rather than the Lower Cambrian Atan Group as has been inferred for nearby deposits in the Rancheria district. Other, non-carbonate-hosted mineral occurrences include a porphyry Mo prospect and Ag, Pb, Zn veins.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Yukon Placer Mining Industry 2015 to 2017

This report is a synthesis of the Yukon Geological Survey’s placer fieldwork and captures information collected from approximately 120 site visits conducted each season. Information is supplemented by details from staff at Compliance Monitoring and Inspections and, from conversations throughout the off-season with miners. This edition of the placer industry report is larger than ever, which speaks to the level of activity in the various districts and our commitment to providing an accurate record. In order to provide practical information, we have continued to increase the amount of geological detail in the report. The scope of the report also aims to capture mining activity and equipment utilized at each site. This helps frame the style of mining and gives a general idea about mine layout and processing techniques. The overall aim of the property descriptions is to provide a reference that is both insightful in the short term and informative decades into the future.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Ray Gulch tungsten skarn, Dublin Gulch, central Yukon: Gold-tungsten relationships in intrusion-related ore systems and implications for gold exploration

The Ray Gulch tungsten skarn and the Eagle Zone intrusion-related gold deposit are associated with the Dublin Gulch intrusion, which forms part of the mid-Cretaceous Tombstone Plutonic Suite. Tungsten mineralization occurs in a roof pendant of hornfelsed Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian Hyland Group metasedimentary rocks. Five main paragenetic stages include Stage I wollastonite-quartz skarn and later Stage II pyroxene-garnet-scheelite skarn that forms the main tungsten mineralization. Stages III (quartz-scheelite-clinopyroxene), IV (quartz-amphibole-calcite) and V (quartz-K-feldspar-pyrrhotite-molybdenite-arsenopyrite-pyrite-chalcopyrite) are vein related and are volumetrically insignificant (<10 vol. %). Geochemical analysis of the skarn and veins indicates that the deposit lacks gold and bismuth. The earliest veins in the Eagle Zone are similar to Stage V veins at Ray Gulch. Gold at the Eagle Zone occurs in a later sericite-carbonate-bismuth-sulphide vein stage; this stage is critically absent from the skarn. Thus, although tungsten is commonly associated with intrusion-related gold mineralization, it predates gold-bismuth and may occur spatially separate from it.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Proposed Tombstone Area Park: A Preliminary Review of Mineral Potential (116B)

Although the first claims in the Tombstone area were staked in 1901, most exploration to date has focused on high grade veins, skarns and uranium deposits, and pre-dates the search for bulk tonnage gold or shale-hosted nickel. Early reconnaissance geochemical programs by mining companies analysed a very limited range of elements, and assessment work on file covers only a small part (3.6%) of the study area. Recent GSC stream sediment geochemistry shows that compared to the rest of the Dawson map sheet area, the Tombstone area contains highly anomalous gold, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, uranium, copper and rare earth values clustered around the Tombstone Suite intrusions, and anomalous nickel, copper, cobalt, chromium, zinc, iron and rare earth elements associated with a belt of Earn Group shale north of the proposed park.
Known mineral deposits in the area include the Marn deposit (Minfile 116B 147), a small, high-grade gold skarn, and the Tombstone deposit (Minfile 116B 151), a very large, low-grade uranium resource with no published reserves. The entire tinguaite phase of the Tombstone Stock averages 78 pp, U (Olade and Goodfellow, 1978), with a number of high grade zones containing up to 2% U3O8. High grade silver veins on the south side of Tombstone Mountain were mined briefly in 1920 (Spotted Fawn, Minfile 116B057) but smelter results were not available.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Yukon Placer Mining Industry 2018 to 2020

The Yukon Placer Industry Report is a reflection of the strong working relationship between the Yukon Geological Survey (YGS) and the Yukon placer mining industry. Our annual tours into the various gold fields are always productive and provide new details on placer gold settings, which are encapsulated in this report.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Examination of Natural Attenuation of Metals in Aqueous Solution by Soils in Northern Environments

In May 2003, the proposal for this project was submitted to the Mining Environment Research Group (MERG). At that time Nevada Pacific Gold Ltd. (NPG) was in charge of water treatment operations at the Elsa Property, the location for this project. Subsequent to approval of the MERG project, on June 11, 2003, NPG terminated its option to purchase the property, thereby dissolving its previously accepted responsibility
to act as the agent of the Yukon Territorial Government (YTG) to maintain the water treatment systems and monitor effluent water quality at various locations of the property. As of June 11, 2003 YTG assumed direct responsibility for care and control of the site. YTG entered into a contribution agreement with the Nacho Nyak Dun Development Corporation (NND DC) to provide care and maintenance services. Access was retained by the NND DC to provide technical management of the project. ACG proceeded with MERG project activities, conducting desktop research and collecting baseline soil and water quality samples in July. On September 2, 2003 YTG was formally made aware that as a result of the July field inspection under MERG, ACG was of the opinion that the flow from the Galkeno Adit was likely reporting directly to fish bearing waters. Various Yukon and Federal Government Departments and agencies including the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, the Department of Environment, Water Resources, and Energy Mines and Resources met on September 5, 2003 to discuss the situation. As a result of the meeting, YTG decided to redirect the Galkeno 300 flow via pipeline into the forested dispersion area that it previously occupied.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Revised stratigraphy and new exploration targets in the Hart River region (NTS116A/10, 116A/11), southeastern Ogilvie Mountains

The Hart River area (maps 116 A/10 and 11) of the southeastern Ogilvie Mountains is underlain by two varied and widespread successions which offer the most potential for discovery of sediment-hosted base metal deposits in the northern Canadian Cordillera. A 'shelf sequence', north of the Dawson fault, includes:: Middle Proterozoic Wernecke Supergroup; Middle and (?) Late Proterozoic Fifteenmile group; the Late Proterozoic Windermere Supergroup; Ordovician and Silurian carbonate; Ordovician to Devonian (?) Road River Group; Devonian Ogilvie Formation; and Devono-Mississippian Earn Group. The 'offshelf sequence' includes:: Late Proterozoic Hyland Group; Cambrian volcanic rocks; Lower Cambrian Vampire Formation equivalent; Cambrian Gull Lake Formation equivalent; Cambro-Ordovicain Rabbitkettle Formation equivalent; Ordovician and younger(?) Road River Group; Mississippian Keno Hill quartzite; and Devonian(?) to Jurassic(?) Lower Schist. The most promising exploration targets are:: 1) massive sulphide deposits associated with the Hart River volcanic rocks in the Gillespie Lake Group (upper part of the Wernecke Supergroup); 2) sedimentary copper deposits in the Fifteenmile Group; 3) 'Anvil-type' pyritic massive sulphide deposits in the transition zone between the Gull Lake and Rabbitkettle Formations; 4) 'Howard's Pass-type' zinc-lead deposits in previously unmapped black shales and chert of the Road River Group; 5) sulphide deposits associated with Cambrian, Ordovician(?) and Devonian(?) mafic volcanic and intrusive rocks; 6) covered areas at the base of the Lower Schist which may overlie the Earn Group, with potential for 'Macmillan Pass-type' zinc, lead, silver, barite deposits; 7) volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits associated with felsic volcanic rocks in the Keno Hill quartzite.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Preliminary results of detrital zircon geochronology, Wernecke Supergroup, Yukon

The Paleoproterozoic Wernecke Supergroup is a >13 km-thick metasedimentary succession exposed in the Wernecke, Ogilvie and Richardson mountains of central and northern Yukon. A program of field and laboratory investigations was initiated in 2007 in order to constrain the provenance, age and environment of deposition of the Wernecke Supergroup, as well as to better constrain the age of subsequent Proterozoic deformation (Racklan orogeny). Clastic and carbonate samples were collected from the Wernecke Supergroup for analysis of detrital and metamorphic minerals, as well as whole rocks, using a range of isotopic methods. Preliminary results from U-Pb analysis of detrital zircons from quartz sandstone beds, using ion probe mass spectrometry, are provided in this report. Patterns of the detrital zircon ages are broadly comparable to other Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic basins in Canada, suggesting a common Laurentian source. The maximum age of the Supergroup of 1.61 ± 0.03 Ga is provided by the age of the youngest detrital grain, which is ~0.1 Ga younger than expected.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
2001–02 Supplementary estimates no. 2

Supplementary estimates no. 2 for the Government of Yukon 2001–02 Budget. 
This document was prepared by the Department of Finance under the direction of Management Board for the 2nd Session of the 30th Legislature, Yukon Legislative Assembly. April 2002, Whitehorse, Yukon.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Geology, mineralogy and geochemistry of tin and tungsten veins, breccias and skarns, Mcquesten River Region (115 P (north) and 105 M/13), Yukon

Tin and tungsten-bearing veins, breccias and skarns occur in a 60 km long belt trending west from Keno Hill to the Tintina Fault. They are hosted by mid-Cretaceous felsic intrusions, or adjacent metasedimentary rocks of Upper Precambrian to Mississippian age. Tin occurrences are mainly associated with two-mica granites in the southern part of the belt, while the tungsten lodes are more commonly associated with biotite-hornblende granitoids. Tin- and silver-bearing veins are associated with the central granite phase of a zoned intrusion in the northwest part of the belt (the Syenite Range). The zoned intrusion ranges in composition from tourmaline orbicular granite to granite to quartz monzonite to syenite.

Most skarns are tungsten-dominant, whereas most breccias and veins are tin-bearing. The skarns are calcic and reduced. Three stages of skarn mineral formation and associated minerals are recognized:: 1) isochemical contact metamorphism, including diopside, grossular, wollastonite, and tremolite; 2) metasomatic skarn formation including andradite, idocrase, hedenbergite, axinite, and some sulphide minerals; and 3) retrograde alteration including actinolite, chlorite, clinozoisite, epidote, calcite, biotite, scheelite, cassiterite and sulphide minerals. Sulphide minerals are mostly minor, with pyrrhotite and pyrite predominant.

Breccias, veins and sheeted veins of tin and tungsten occur in steeply diping tabular bodies close to felsic intrusions. The veins consist of quartz, tourmaline or chlorite. Tin-bearing veins and breccias contain all three gangue minerals plus pyrrhotite, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and galena. Tungsten is only found in quartz (~orthoclase) veins which contain minor pyrite and molybdenite.

Sheeted vein systems consist of three mineral assemblages:: 1)quartz-orthoclase-scheelite, 2) quartz-orthoclase-cassiterite, and 3) tourmaline-cassiterite. The first assemblage is present both in the endo- and exocontact of felsic intrusions, whereas the second and third occur further away from the granite in metasedimentary rocks which generally lie outside the thermal aureole of the intrusion.

Breccia clasts consist of quartzite, schist, and/or vein fragments (quartz, tourmaline, or chlorite). The breccias are either clast-supported with a matrix of rock flour, or matrix-supported with a matrix (groundmass) of crystalline quartz, tourmaline or chlorite similar to vein material.

Geochemical studies of the McQuesten River occurrences indicate that:: 1) Some properties are exclusively tin or tungsten properties, but others contain both metals. There is a positive correlation between tungsten and tin in some tin-bearing rocks. 2) Silver is common in veins and skarns which contain over 50 ppm Sn. 3) Gold occurs in significant quantities in most skarns and in several veins. 4) There is a positive correlation between gold and bismuth in the skarns. Bismuth can be used as a pathfinder for gold in these skarns.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Valley deposit: A geological introduction and overview

The Valley deposit is located in east-central Yukon, 367 km northeast of Whitehorse. In 2012, Golden Predator Mining Corp. originally sampled gold-mineralized quartz veins in outcrop at what is now known as the Valley deposit. Snowline Gold Corp. subsequently followed up on the mineralization through diamond drilling from 2021 to present. The Valley deposit is a reduced intrusion-related gold system characterized by sheeted quartzcarbonate veins hosting free gold and associated lead-bismuth-tellurium sulphides, within a multi-phase, reduced granodiorite intrusion. The phases of the intrusion are physically and chemically distinct, exhibiting the evolution of a magma over time. Gold mineralization is strongly associated with vein density, whereby vein densities of >10 veins per metre correlate with gold grades of >1 g/t. In June 2024, the initial mineral resource estimate defined an Indicated Mineral Resource of 76 Mt at 1.66 g/t Au for 4.05 Moz Au, and an Inferred Mineral Resource of 81 Mt at 1.25 g/t Au for 3.26 Moz Au using a 0.4 g/t Au cut-off grade (Burrell et al., 2024).

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Progress report on the Clinton Creek asbestos project

Country rocks in the project area are metamorphic rocks of the Yukon Group whose age, though uncertain, is believed to be late Precambrian and/or early Paleozoic. Several small ultramafic bodies have intruded into these rocks. Almost every serpentinite mass contains chrysotile, but the amount and quality is highly variable.

The ore-bearing, ultramafic body trends northeast in an elongated dome shape. Its upper surface plunges 10° to the southwest beneath graphitic, limy argillites. The ore zone is restricted to the northwest side of the serpentinite body.

Degree of serpentinization and intensity of fracture seem to be the major controlling factors for the formation of chrysotile.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Placer gold and associated heavy minerals of the Clear Creek drainage, central Yukon: Past to present

Placer gold mining in Clear Creek extends back to 1900, when the discovery claim was staked. Approximately 129,000 crude ounces (4012 kg) of gold have been reported since 1941 which includes 49,637 crude ounces (1544 kg) obtained by dredging operations (1941 to 1955, and 1981 to 1987). Placer gold morphology ranges from crystalline gold in quartz to rounded nuggets to flattened gold. The largest nugget, recovered from the headwaters of Left Clear Creek, weighed 7 ounces (218 g).

Clear Creek valley was filled by ice during the pre-Reid glaciation (early Pleistocene). Pre-Reid glacial drift is preserved as till, resedimented till, and glaciofluvial sediments on the lower slopes along main Clear Creek and parts of Left Clear Creek. Alpine glaciers formed at the headwaters of Left Clear Creek, however most of the moraine deposits have been eroded. During the subsequent Reid and McConnell glacial periods local alpine glaciers formed in the headwaters of Josephine and Big creeks. Alpine glaciers, the pre-Reid ice sheet and their melt waters redistributed the gold in the Clear Creek drainage.

The distribution of heavy minerals in Clear Creek drainage is varied. Over the years dredging operations intersected pockets of gravel containing cassiterite, scheelite and galena, but their precise locations were not documented. Contemporary placer mining and our heavy mineral studies have located concentrations of pyrite, arsenopyrite, scheelite and galena, in addition to gold. Exploration for the source of placer gold has resulted in the discovery of numerous gold veins in the surrounding area.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Bedrock Geology and Mineralization of the Klondike Area (West), 115O/14, 15 and 116B/2, 3

Geological map (1:50,000 scale) of the West Klondike area, central Yukon (NTS 115O/14,15 and 116B/2,3) including marginal notes on mineral occurrences.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Surficial Geological Map of Stewart River Valley (parts of 115O/2, 3, 6 and 7)

Surficial geological map (1:50,000 scale) of Stewart River Valley, central Yukon parts of NTS map sheets 115O/2,3,6,7 including marginal notes on surficial geology, geomorphology and placer occurrences.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
2013–14 Supplementary estimates no. 1

Supplementary estimates no. 1 for the Government of Yukon 2013–14 Budget. 
This document was prepared by the Department of Finance under the direction of Management Board for the 1st Session of the 33rd Legislature, Yukon Legislative Assembly. October 2013, Whitehorse, Yukon.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
U-Pb age and geochemical studies of Mississippian and Cretaceous plutonic rocks in south-central McQuesten map area, Yukon

The Reid Lakes batholith (RLB) in southwestern McQuesten map area (115P) has previously been tentatively assigned a mid-Cretaceous age, although two K-Ar ages from the northwestern part of the batholith indicated that at least part of the body must be late Paleozoic or older. U-Pb dating of two lithologically distinct samples from the southeastern part of the RLB yields Early Mississippian crystallization ages (341.5 ± 0.7 Ma and 355.7 ± 0.9 Ma). A sample of the Moose Creek pluton, which is on the northeast side of the Tintina fault zone, but was previously interpreted to be part of the RLB, yielded a U-Pb age of 92.0 ± 0.3 Ma. The Moose Creek pluton is therefore correlated with the mainly 95-93 Ma South Lansing plutonic suite which intrudes rock units of Ancestral North America, whereas the RLB is a multi-phase, Early Mississippian intrusion into metamorphic rocks of the Yukon-Tanana terrane.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
The timing, composition, and petrogenesis of syn to post-accretionary magmatism in the northern Cordilleran miogeocline, eastern Yukon and southwestern Northwest Territories

A copy of this thesis is available at the EMR library – QE195.R37 2013.
This thesis is available online at https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/44391.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Roadside Geology of the Dempster Highway, Northwest Territories & Yukon, A geological roadmap for Canada’s most northwestern road

The Dempster Highway, Canada’s most northern highway, is an all-weather gravel road through a landscape that remains mostly wilderness. From its southern starting point (Km 0) east of Dawson City, Yukon, the highway crosses the Arctic Circle (latitude 66°33’ North) at Km 405. It passes from Yukon into Northwest Territories at Km 465, and terminates in Inuvik at approximately Km 717.5. The road also summits the continental divide between the Pacific and Arctic oceans (Km 82) and traverses two mountain ranges (Ogilvie and Richardson mountains) of the Canadian Cordillera. It is a spectacular multi-day journey, so take some time to enjoy it!

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Ministère de l’Éducation - Examen externe indépendant

Le gouvernement du Yukon a nommé un comité indépendant composé de 4 membres chargé de réaliser un examen approfondi du ministère de l’Éducation. Cet examen a pour objectif d’assurer le bien-être à long terme de la population yukonnaise en continuant de mettre les apprenants au centre du système d’éducation.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon