AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Research at a Glance: National Justice Survey 2017 - Mandatory Minimum Penalties (MMPs)

Reader's Note: This publication presents results of an online public opinion survey completed by a sample of Canadians who received an invitation through email, Facebook and Twitter (called "open link" sample; see method for more details). This survey mirrored a survey conducted with a representative sample of Canadians, the results of which are available at Research on Justice issues. 

In general, respondents were not supportive of the current MMP regime and preferred a more individualized approach to sentencing. Compared to the representative sample of Canadians, respondents to the open link survey were more knowledgeable of MMPs, more supportive of full discretion for judges in sentencing, and less supportive of MMPs. 

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
Research at a Glance: National Justice Survey 2017- Restorative Justice 

Canadians indicated that they are not very familiar with restorative justice (RJ), but after receiving an explanation, the majority of Canadians support the use of RJ and see the process as an effective way to repair the harms caused by crime. 

What we also found: 
Most Canadians (87%) indicated that victims should be able to meet with the offender and tell them about the impacts of the crime if they wish to do so. Over half (64%) of Canadians indicated that RJ should be available to all victims and offenders, regardless of the offence type, as long as both the victim and offender want to take part in the process and the offender admits his or her guilt.

Given the lack of knowledge about RJ, it is not surprising that some Canadians (39%) still have questions or concerns about the RJ process. These concerns lie primarily around the potential to hold people accountable (78%), who is eligible to participate (69%) and the RJ process itself (49%).

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
Research at a Glance: Diversion, Discretion, and Sentencing Commissions

Readers Note: This publication presents results of an online public opinion survey completed by a sample of Canadians who received an invitation through email, Facebook and Twitter (called an "open link" sample; see Method for more details). This survey mirrored a survey conducted with a representative sample of Canadians, the results of which are available at Research on Justice Issues 

Most respondents believe that diversion of accused people from the courts, should be the preferred response in some types of offences/situations. They also believe that increased use of diversion could make the criminal justice system (CJS) more efficient and effective. 

The majority of respondents believe that judges should have at least some degree of discretion and flexibility when deciding a sentence. Many respondents believe sentencing guidelines to be the best way to ensure a fair sentence and consistency in sentencing and though that a sentencing commission of which the most important function would be to give judges guidelines for sentencing decisions is important to consider. 

Respondents to both the open link and nationally representative surveys support diversion to a similar degree. Compared to the representative sample of Canadians, respondents to open link survey are more supportive of full judicial discretion and less supportive of sentencing guidelines. 

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
Research at a Glance: Problem-Solving Justice

Canadians are largely supportive of problem-solving approaches to crime, and most want offenders to have access to initiatives that seek to address the 'root causes' of crime based on an offender's unique needs. 

What we also found: 

The majority of Canadians (88%) believe that the criminal justice system should promote problem-solving approaches to crime (58% show strong support. 30% moderate support). 

Seventy-five percent of Canadians expressed high or moderate (39% and 36% respectively) support the idea that problem-solving justice could reduce rates of re-offending compared with traditional methods of justice. One in five (18%0 respondents expressed doubts that problem-solving justice was likely to reduce the rate of re-offending/ 

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
Primary competition and most important competitive strength when exporting or selling business' or organization's goods or services to the United States, second quarter of 2023

Primary competition and most important competitive strength when exporting or selling business' or organization's goods or services to the United States, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2023.<br>

Organization: Statistics Canada | Statistique Canada
Research at a Glance: Mandatory Minimum Penalties

In general, Canadians are not supportive of the current mandatory minimum penalties (MMPs) regime and prefer a more individualized approach to sentencing. 

We also found: 

Most Canadians indicated that they have a low to moderate level of knowledge of MMPs (52% low and 28% moderate). 

Over three quarters (77%) of Canadians believed that in general, applying the same minimum sentence to all offenders who are convicted of the same offence is now fair and appropriate. Only 16% of Canadians believed MMPs lead to fair sentences. 

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
Research at a Glance: Diversion

Most Canadians believe that diversion of accused from the courts in appropriate cases should be the preferred response to at least some types of offences/situations. They also believe that increased use of diversion could make the criminal justice system (CJS) more efficient and effective and could contribute to reducing the overrepresentation of Indigenous people in custody. 

What we also found: 

Over three quarters (79%) of Canadians believe that diversion could make the Criminal Justice System (CJS) more efficient and 69% believe that diversion could make the system more effective. 

Canadians were most likely to select the increased use of diversion as the best solution to reducing the number of Indigenous people in the CJS. This solution was chosen by 55% of Canadians. Half (50%) of Canadians considered this to be the second best way to reduce the number of people with mental health and/or cognitive functioning disabilities in the CJS. 

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
Research at a Glance: Discretion in Sentencing

The majority of Canadians believe that judges should have at least some degree of discretion and flexibility when deciding a sentence.

What we also found: 

The overwhelming majority of Canadians (95%) felt that the best approach for determining fair and appropriate sentences for offenders involves giving judges at least some degree of discretion. Seven in ten (71%) Canadians thought the best way was to give judges some sort of guideline or range of sentences to choose from, with the option of going outside those ranges if they deem it necessary. About one-quarter (24%) of Canadians believed that the best way to determine a fair and appropriate sentence was to give judges full discretion (deciding on the sentence after looking at how the offence happened, why the offender did it and what sentences were given in other similar cases). Only 4% thought that there should be no judicial discretion for sentencing (give everyone who commits the same offence the same sentence).

The top goal for the criminal justice system (CJS), according to Canadians, is to treat everyone fairly by taking into account her/his individual circumstances (40% of respondents chose this as one of their top three goals for the CJS).

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
What You Don't Know Can Hurt You: The importance of family violence screening tools for family law practitioners

This research report recommends the adoption of universal family violence screening by family law practitioners. To support this recommendation, it begins by presenting a definition of family violence, then examines common family dynamics where violence is present and the impact of trauma in a family court litigant. Exploration of the relationship between family violence and family court and a discussion of the importance of screening in the family law context further supports the recommendations. 

The report also provides an overview of the methodology used to identify and analyse family violence screening tools, identifies the differences between risk assessment and screening tools, and provides a list and summary of each of the family violence screening tools included in the review as well as an analysis of commonalities in structure, format, content, delivery, frequency of use and results/outcomes across the family violence screening tools.  

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
JustFacts: Trends in Bail Court Across Canada

This fact sheet is based on publicly available data from a number of Justice Canada, Canadian government (federal and provincial/territorial), and academic publications released from 2009 to 2018. This fact sheet also uses data from an internal research report prepared by Justice Canada in 2013. Despite limited national data related to bail, research highlights a number of bail-related trends across the country.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable Christopher J. Giaschi’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial application process introduced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for federal judicial appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister éof Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire may be made available to the public, with their consent, should they be appointed to the bench. The information is published as it was submitted by the candidates at the time they applied, subject to editing where necessary for privacy reasons.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable Christopher J. Giaschi.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
Business or organization plans to expand, restructure, acquire, invest, transfer, sell or close over the next 12 months, second quarter of 2023

Business or organization plans to expand, restructure, acquire, invest, transfer, sell or close over the next 12 months, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, second quarter of 2023.<br>

Organization: Statistics Canada | Statistique Canada
The Honourable Jessica Kimmel’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial application process introduced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for federal judicial appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire may be made available to the public, with their consent, should they be appointed to the bench. The information is published as it was submitted by the candidates at the time they applied, subject to editing where necessary for privacy reasons.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable Jessica Kimmel.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable L. Bernette Ho’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial application process introduced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for federal judicial appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire may be made available to the public, with their consent, should they be appointed to the bench. The information is published as it was submitted by the candidates at the time they applied, subject to editing where necessary for privacy reasons.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable L. Bernette Ho.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable William F. Pentney’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial application process introduced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for federal judicial appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire may be made available to the public, with their consent, should they be appointed to the bench. The information is published as it was submitted by the candidates at the time they applied, subject to editing where necessary for privacy reasons.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable William F. Pentney.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable Karen Horsman’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial application process introduced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for federal judicial appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire may be made available to the public, with their consent, should they be appointed to the bench. The information is published as it was submitted by the candidates at the time they applied, subject to editing where necessary for privacy reasons.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable Karen Horsman.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable Éric Hardy's Questionnaire

Under the new judicial application process introduced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for federal judicial appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire may be made available to the public, with their consent, should they be appointed to the bench. The information is published as it was submitted by the candidates at the time they applied, subject to editing where necessary for privacy reasons.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7 and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable Éric Hardy.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable Wendy A. Baker’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial application process introduced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for federal judicial appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire may be made available to the public, with their consent, should they be appointed to the bench. The information is published as it was submitted by the candidates at the time they applied, subject to editing where necessary for privacy reasons.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable Wendy A. Baker.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable Justice Robyn M. Ryan Bell’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial appointment process announced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for such appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire could be made available to the public, with their consent, should they be appointed to the bench.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable Robyn M. Ryan Bell.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable Justice Shaun S. Nakatsuru’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial appointment process announced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for such appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire could be made available to the public, should they be appointed to the bench.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable Shaun S. Nakatsuru.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable Andrew P. Mayer’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial appointment process introduced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for such appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire could be made available to the public, with their consent, should they be appointed to the bench.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable Andrew P. Mayer.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable Justice David M. Paciocco’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial appointment process announced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for such appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire could be made available to the public, should they be appointed to the bench.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable David M. Paciocco.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable Justice Deborah Swartz’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial appointment process announced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for such appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire could be made available to the public, should they be appointed to the bench.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable Deborah Swartz.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable Justice Benoît Moore’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial appointment process announced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for such appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire could be made available to the public, should they be appointed to the bench.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable Benoît Moore.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable Justice Marilyn Slawinsky’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial appointment process announced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for such appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire could be made available to the public, should they be appointed to the bench.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable Marilyn Slawinsky.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada
The Honourable Justice Ritu Khullar’s Questionnaire

Under the new judicial appointment process announced by the Minister of Justice on October 20, 2016, any interested and qualified Canadian lawyer or judge may apply for such appointment by completing a questionnaire. The questionnaires are then used by the Judicial Advisory Committees across Canada to review candidates and submit a list of “highly recommended” and “recommended” candidates for consideration by the Minister of Justice. Candidates are advised that parts of their questionnaire could be made available to the public, should they be appointed to the bench.

Below are Parts 5, 6, 7, and 11 of the questionnaire completed by the Honourable Ritu Khullar.

Organization: Department of Justice Canada | Ministère de la Justice Canada