AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Non-medical Determinants of Health - High School Graduates, 1996

There is a tendency for life expectancy to be higher in those regions where high school attainment has been graduation by most individuals in this age grouping (25 to 29 years). Canada has an excellent record in providing its citizens with an education, and consequently a potential for better health. The highest proportions of Canadians with chronic conditions occur in the low educational attainment category. However, this pattern is not consistent throughout Canada where, in Saskatchewan for example, some provinces the reverse pattern is observed. In such locations, other determinants of health may mitigate the positive contributions associated with higher education. Education is one of the non-medical determinants of health. More people of lower educational attainment rated their own health as poor.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Non-medical Determinants of Health - Post-secondary Graduates, 1996

The highest proportion of post-secondary graduates can be found in the health regions where there is one or more relatively large urban centre. Canada has an excellent record in providing its citizens with an education. The proportion of Canadians with a university education rose from 6.4% in 1976 to 13.3% by 1996. The highest proportions of Canadians with chronic conditions occur in the low educational attainment category. Education is one of the non-medical determinants of health. The linkage between health and education is seen most clearly in studies where people rated their own health. These studies show that those who felt they suffered from chronic illnesses were in the lower levels of educational attainment.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Non-medical Determinants of Health: Female Average Income, 1995

Poverty, usually measured using income, and poor health are closely related. Income is one of the non-medical determinants of health. The poor experience the highest rates of illness and premature death. The income measures are for the year 1995 as reported in the 1996 Census. In that year, average total income for females was $19 208. However, significant regional variations in average income are apparent. Higher incomes predominate in Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia. Most census divisions in Atlantic Canada fall within the lower income levels. The distribution of average total income for males and females are similar. The income-health relationship is not well known, but general linkages have been identified. Notably, health improves at every step up the income ladder.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Non-medical Determinants of Health - Incidence of Low Income Cut-Off, 1995

Poverty, usually measured using income, and poor health are closely related. Income is one of the non-medical determinants of health. For most of the 1990’s, the proportion of Canadians living below the low-income cut-off value increased significantly. The highest incidence values are found in the Atlantic Provinces, southern Quebec, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. The most significant differences occur in the regions in and around major cities. These are the areas where average incomes are high; but they are also areas where some of the highest low-income proportions occur. Income is one of the non-medical determinants of health.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Non-medical Determinants of Health - Male Average Income, 1995

Poverty, usually measured using income, and poor health are closely related. Income is one of the non-medical determinants of health. The poor experience the highest rates of illness and premature death. The income measures are for the year 1995 as reported in the 1996 Census. In that year, the average total income for males was $31 117. However, significant regional variations in average income are apparent. Higher incomes predominate in Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia. Most census divisions in Atlantic Canada fall within the lower income levels. The distributions of average total income for males and females are similar. The income-health relationship is not well known, but general linkages have been identified. Notably, health improves at every step up the income ladder.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Rural Health: Comparisons of 1991 and 2000 Old-Age Dependency Ratios

This map shows the change in old-age dependency ratios from 1991 to 2000. The data was computed for each census division by dividing the 2000 dependency-ratio value by the value for 1991. Census divisions where the dependency ratio is unchanged or has increased during this time period have a value of 1.00 or greater. The old-age dependency ratio for Canada increased from 16.9 to 18.3. Many urban and rural area of the country experienced a significant shift to a "greyer" population during this period. However, while the actual old-age dependency ratio is still higher in rural areas, the relative increase in the ratio has been more rapid in predominantly urban parts of Canada.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Rural Health: Old-age Dependency Ratios, 1991

This map shows the pattern of age-dependency ratio values for census divisions based on 1991 census data. The ratio is measured as the number of people 65 years of age or older for every 100 people of working age (15 to 64 years of age). The geographic distribution shows the predominance of very low values for this ratio in rural, non-agricultural areas, notably in the territories and in the northern parts of the larger provinces. In contrast high values occur for most agricultural areas. The ratio value for Canada as a whole in 1991 was 16.9.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Rural Health: Old-age Dependency Ratios, 2000

This map shows the pattern of age-dependency ratio values for census divisions based on data collected in 2000. The ratio is measured as the number of people 65 years of age or older for every 100 people of working age (15 to 64 years of age). The geographic distribution shows the predominance of very low values for this ratio in rural, non-agricultural areas, notably in the territories and in the northern parts of the larger provinces. In contrast high values occur for most agricultural areas The ratio value for Canada as a whole in 2000 was 18.3.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Rural Health: Average Distance to the Nearest Family Physician, 1998 (kilometres)

An important aspect of health care is the distance a person has to travel to get medical services. This map shows the average distance that people in each census division have to travel to reach the nearest family physician living in the same province or territory. (A family physician deals with the day-to-day health problems of family members, and is therefore considered to be a "non-specialist"). The pattern shows that people in the continuously-settled parts of Canada rarely have to travel more than 25 kilometres to see family physicians, whereas people in the sparsely settled parts often have to travel much greater distances.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Rural Health: Average Distance to the Nearest Physician Specialist, 1998 (kilometres)

An important aspect of health care is the distance a person has to travel to get medical services. This map shows the average distance that people in each census division have to travel to reach the nearest physician specialist living in the same province or territory. (A physician specialist is physician who has undertaken post-graduate degree studies to specialize in a particular branch of medicine such as cardiology or gynaecology). Because physician specialists tend to be found in urban areas, the map essentially shows the distance to the nearest city. This concentration means that generally rural and northern residents must travel considerable distances to see specialists.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Aboriginal Peoples circa 1630

The map shows the distribution of Aboriginal peoples early in the seventeenth century before the eastern population dislocations. Ethnohistorical societies are identified on the map by the major linguistic family to which they belong. Ethnohistorical societies are Aboriginal peoples that were known by name and location to Europeans early in the seventeenth century. Also mapped are the major archaeological sites current to 1980. A linguistic family code identifies each ethnohistorical society on the map and is used to reference specific information for each ethnohistorical society (refer to the Atlas of Canada's 5th Edition map Native Peoples 1630 for the information).

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Distribution of Population 1851-1941

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows the distribution of population in what is now Canada circa 1851, 1871, 1901, 1921 and 1941. The five maps display the boundaries of the various colonies, provinces and territories for each date. Also shown on these five maps are the locations of principal cities and settlements. These places are shown on all of the maps for reference purposes even though they may not have been in existence in the earlier years. Each map is accompanied by a pie chart providing the percentage distribution of Canadian population by province and territory corresponding to the date the map is based on. It should be noted that the pie chart entitled Percentage Distribution of Total Population, 1851, refers to the whole of what was then British North America. The name Canada in this chart refers to the province of Canada which entered confederation in 1867 as Ontario and Quebec. The other pie charts, however, show only percentage distribution of population in what was Canada at the date indicated. Three additional graphs are included on this plate and show changes in the distribution of the population of Canada from 1867 to 1951, changes in the percentage distribution of the population of Canada by provinces and territories from 1867 to 1951 and elements in the growth of the population of Canada for each ten-year period from 1891 to 1951.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Aboriginal Peoples circa 1740

This map shows the distribution of Aboriginal peoples early in the eighteenth century after a hundred years of Aboriginal-European contact at the time of the French Regime. Ethnohistorical societies are identified on the map by the major linguistic family to which they belong. Ethnohistorical societies are Aboriginal peoples that were known by name and location to Europeans early in the eighteenth century. A linguistic family code identifies each ethnohistorical society on the map and is used to reference specific information for each ethnohistorical society (refer to the Atlas of Canada's 5th Edition map Native Peoples 1740 for the information).

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Aboriginal Peoples circa 1823

This map shows the distribution of Aboriginal peoples at the height of British rule when the Hudson's Bay Company dominated the fur trade. Ethnohistorical societies are identified on the map by the major linguistic family to which they belong. Ethnohistorical societies are Aboriginal peoples that were known by name and location to Europeans early in the nineteenth century. A linguistic family code identifies each ethnohistorical society on the map and is used to reference specific information for each ethnohistorical society (refer to the Atlas of Canada's 5th Edition map Native Peoples 1823 for the information).

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
The Atlantic Coast, Saint Lawrence River and Eastern Great Lakes 1609 to 1628

Between 1609 and 1628, European explorers charted more unknown waters along the Atlantic Coast, and also penetrated down the St. Lawrence River into the eastern Great Lakes. The routes of four explorers are shown on this map: Hudson (1609), Champlain (1609, 1613 and 1615 to 1616), Brûlé (1615 to 1618 and 1621 to 1623) and La Roche (1626). The map also shows the extent of territory known to Europeans in the period 1497 to 1650; and the navigation of all exploration routes during the period of the penetration of the Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Bay from 1600 to 1650. The historical names found on the map are derived from contemporaneous maps and written documents of the period.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Consolidation of Knowledge in the Eastern Great Lakes 1634 to 1647

In the period from 1634 to 1650, exploration in what is now Canada was largely carried out by Jesuit missionaries. Their findings consolidated European knowledge of the eastern Great Lakes. The map shows the routes of seven expeditions: Nicollet (1634), Bogaert (1634 to 1635), Brébeuf and Chaumonot (1640 to 1641), Jogues and Raymbaut (1641), Jogues and Couture (1642), Druillettes (1646) and De Quen (1647). The map also shows the extent of territory known to Europeans in the period 1497 to 1650; and the navigation of all exploration routes during the period of the penetration of the Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Bay from 1600 to 1650. The historical names found on the map are derived from contemporaneous maps and written documents of the period.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Initial Probes 1497 to 1501

This map shows the first phase of exploration of what is now Canada, which was largely confined to the east coast of the island of Newfoundland and to southeastern Labrador. Shown here are the routes of three explorers: Cabot (1497), Corte-Real (1500 to 1501) and Fernandes (1500). The map also shows the extent of territory known to Europeans in the period 1497 to 1650; and the navigation of all exploration routes during the period of maritime exploration between 1497 and 1599. The historical names found on the map are derived from contemporaneous maps and written documents of the period.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
The Arctic Coast 1602 to 1606

In the early seventeenth century, there were two voyages that explored the Labrador coastline and southern Baffin Island. These voyages were by Waymouth (1602) and Knight (1606). The map also shows the extent of territory known to Europeans in the period 1497 to 1650; and the navigation of all exploration routes during the period of the penetration of the Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Bay from 1600 to 1650. The historical names found on the map are derived from contemporaneous maps and written documents of the period.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
The Arctic Coast and Hudson Bay 1610 to 1632

In the period from 1610 to 1632, English navigators explored Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay. This map shows the routes of seven explorers: Hudson (1610 to 1611), Button (1612 to 1613), Bylot (1615 to 1616), Baffin (1615 to 1616), Munk (1619 to 1620), Fox (1631), and James (1631 to 1632). The map also shows the extent of territory known to Europeans in the period 1497 to 1650; and the navigation of all exploration routes during the period of the penetration of the Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Bay from 1600 to 1650. The historical names found on the map are derived from contemporaneous maps and written documents of the period.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
The Atlantic Coast and Saint Lawrence River 1603 to 1607

Champlain's resource surveys of the Atlantic Coast and Saint Lawrence River between 1603 and1607 were the first exploration in this area since Cartier and Bellenger. This map shows five of Champlain's exploration routes. The map also shows the extent of territory known to Europeans in the period 1497 to 1650; and the navigation of all exploration routes during the period of the penetration of the Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Bay from 1600 to 1650. The historical names found on the map are derived from contemporaneous maps and written documents of the period.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Parks and Faunal Reserves

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the location and/or extent of National Parks, Provincial Parks, National Reserves and Preserves, Provincial Reserves and Preserves, as well as bird sanctuaries which are denoted as being federally maintained or maintained by other parties (usually private or municipal), circa 1958. The National and Provincial Parks are areas retained in their natural state for public use. Within them, extractive industries are generally prohibited and hunting and fishing are either prohibited or closely regulated. National and Provincial Reserves and Preserves are set aside for the protection of game. Game may sometimes be taken under regulation according to the species and the season. The laws governing the large national reserves in northern Canada are in part designed to protect the hunting and trapping reserves of the aboriginal population and to protect migratory birds, particularly during the nesting season. The terms reserve and preserve have the same meaning. Federal Bird Sanctuaries are areas defined and administered under the Migratory Birds Convention Act. In general, they serve the purpose of affording protected places along the migratory flyways. Other bird sanctuaries include a large number of private and municipal sanctuaries. Many have been established by private hunters' organizations which have improved water features such as swamps, ponds and lakes in order to assure good breeding and feeding places for ducks and geese.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Urban Population

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate consisting of four condensed maps that show urban populations of the people living in Canada. The two maps at the top of this plate show the night-time distribution of population, circa 1956 for Metropolitan Toronto and part of Montreal Island. These two maps actually show the distribution of persons in their permanent homes, without adjustments for such persons that may be absent from their homes at night. Persons in short term, transient residence, such as those in hotels and hospitals are not represented. Another map shows the distribution of urban population across Canada, circa 1951. The definition of urban includes all persons residing in cities, towns and villages of 1000 population or more, whether incorporated or unincorporated, as well as the population of all parts of the census metropolitan areas. A smaller scale map of Canada shows urban areas. These are areas in which urban communities of 1000 or more population are 15 or fewer miles apart.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Rural Population

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map consisting of two condensed maps showing the distribution of rural population according to the 1951 census of Canada. The term 'rural population' embraces all persons residing outside the census metropolitan areas and cities, towns and villages of 1000 inhabitants and over, whether such cities, towns and villages were incorporated or not. The distribution is shown according to the two divisions of rural population commonly made, namely, rural farm and rural non-farm. The rural farm population comprises all people residing on a farm regardless of occupation. A farm for such purposes is defined as a land holding of over three acres in size on which agricultural operations are carried out, or a land holding from one to three acres in size, which in 1950 accounted for an agricultural production amounting to $250 or more. All other persons classed as rural population come under the rural non-farm division. The northern parts of Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories are not included on the rural non-farm map although there are some rural non-farm dwellers in these areas. In 1951, Canada's rural population was 52.5% rural farm, and 47.5% rural non-farm.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Mineral Fuels, Pipelines and Refineries

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the location and direction of flow of oil and gas pipelines along with the location of oil refineries. The daily crude oil capacity in barrels per day is indicated for refining centres by means of proportional circles. The source data for refineries is for the end of 1955 and pipeline source data is for the end of 1957. An additional map shows the location of coal, oil and gas fields. The coal fields shown are the major ones which were being worked in 1955 and the oil and gas fields shown were proven fields by the end of 1955. These maps are accompanied by three pie charts showing the provincial proportion of Canada's 1955 production of crude oil, natural gas and coal.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Hydro and Fuel Electric Power - Eastern Canada

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the electrical generating network in Eastern Canada circa 1954. Generating plants are shown as either developed waterpower sites (in other words, hydro plants), or as fuel electric plants (thermal plants). The plants are portrayed on the basis of their capacity, measured in horsepower. The map also shows transmission lines of 60 000 volts or higher. Note that in a number of cases, cartographic considerations require that two or more side-by-side transmission lines be shown as a single line on the map. An interesting feature of the map is that it shows the location of potential hydro sites. Each of these is shown by a proportional circle measuring its potential capacity. There is an inset with two pie charts showing the distribution of net generating capability of facilities in 1954. Net Generating Capability estimates are based on actual operating experience assuming all equipment is available at the time of annual peak demand. These estimates make no allowance for the effect of unfavorable water or ice conditions. However, the estimates do allow for needs of the station and so deduct station services.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Hydro and Fuel Electric Power - Western Canada

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the electrical generating network in Western Canada circa 1954. Generating plants are shown as either developed waterpower sites (in other words, hydro plants), or as fuel electric plants (thermal plants). The plants are portrayed on the basis of their capacity, measured in horsepower. The map also shows transmission lines of 60 000 volts or higher. Note that in a number of cases, cartographic considerations require that two or more side-by-side transmission lines be shown as a single line on the map. An interesting feature of the map is that it shows the location of potential hydro sites. Each of these is shown by a proportional circle measuring its potential capacity. There is an inset with two pie charts showing the distribution of net generating capability of facilities in 1954. Net Generating Capability estimates are based on actual operating experience assuming all equipment is available at the time of annual peak demand. These estimates make no allowance for the effect of unfavourable water or ice conditions. However, the estimates do allow for needs of the station and so deduct station services.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada