AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Storm Surge

Storm surges occur in coastal areas when strong onshore winds and low atmospheric pressure during passing storms raise water levels along the shore above predicted levels. Storm surges occur on all four Canadian coasts (Pacific, Arctic, Atlantic and Great Lakes). The most severe known surges in Canada have been 2 to 3 metres high (well over the head of the average person). Severe storm surges that occur on high tides or during high lake levels can result in flood damage, evacuation of communities and loss of life. This map shows that a qualitative estimate of storm-surge hazards for selected representative locations varies in severity and frequency in different areas of coastal Canada. On this map, a low frequency means one surge every few years, a medium frequency indicates one surge every year and a high frequency represents several surges every year. Low severity corresponds to some flooding or erosion during large surges, with minor resulting damage. Medium severity indicates moderate flooding or erosion during large surges, with moderate damage. High severity means extensive flooding or severe erosion during large surges, with significant damage.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Tsunamis

A tsunami is a sea wave or series of waves produced by large disturbances of the sea floor that are of relatively short duration. Such disturbances cause the water column to move vertically and the resulting wave energy to spread outwards across the ocean surface at high speed. Although tsunami occurrences in Canada are rare, they do occur and can cause major damage and loss of life. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, there has been one tsunami reported about every fifteen to twenty years in Canada. This map shows the location of the major tsunami events in Canada including earthquake and landslide events that triggered tsunamis.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Major Volcanoes

There are many geologically active volcanoes along the Canadian Cordillera in British Columbia and the Yukon. Recurrent earthquakes below our feet and gigantic mountain ranges rising majestically upward remind us that this part of Canada is geologically active. The possibility of an eruption, even a large explosive one, cannot be ruled out. The map shows the major volcanoes and areas with significant accumulation of volcanic ash.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Protected Areas

Protected areas are composed of land, freshwater and marine areas set aside through legislation to protect representative examples of Canada’s ecosystems. They are created and managed by the federal, provincial and territorial governments. A small but increasing number is also administered by Aboriginal governments and communities. Some protected areas are jointly managed by two or more administrations. While this map focuses on public and aboriginal protected areas, an increasing number of private lands are conserved by non-government organizations, such as the Nature Conservancy of Canada. Federal, provincial or territorial and Aboriginal protected areas are grouped separately on this map to show their distribution throughout Canada in 2007. This map shows only the 1385 protected areas which are 10 square kilometres or larger.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Major Tornadoes

Tornadoes are columns of air that spin at a high rate of speed. They are small in scale but can be very violent. The area affected by a tornado's passage is between about 40 and 400 metres in width and between 1.7 and 36 kilometres in length. During a tornado the damage is due to wind as well as an extremely sudden drop in pressure. Tornadoes vary in intensity, measured on the Fujita or F scale, graduated from 0 to 5 based on the level of damage. The main season for tornadoes is from April to October, and every province is subject to the risk of tornadoes. This layer shows some of the major tornadoes that happened in Canada since the beginning of the 20th century to 1999.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Protected Areas through Time

A protected area is a geographically defined area that is designated, regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives. Canada has a long history of establishing protected areas. The first such area, Banff National Park, was created in 1885. Although there was a conscious effort to establish policies to protect land and wildlife in the early years after Confederation, networks of protected areas have been created more systematically in more recent decades as a means to set aside areas free from resource-extraction activities. Over time, an increasing diversity of protected-area types has been created: forest reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and ecological reserves, to name but a few. This map illustrates the 1385 protected areas in Canada as of 2007, that are greater than 10 square kilometres and administered by the federal, provincial, territorial and Aboriginal governments. They are classified according to the year they were established, and together illustrate the progression through time in the growth of Canada’s protected areas.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Break-up of Sea Ice

The typical retreat of the sea ice cover from the late winter to late summer is shown on this map. Sea ice is any form of ice that is found at sea and has originated from the freezing of seawater. Melting of sea ice begins in spring in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and East Newfoundland, retreating northward towards the Labrador coast. In June openings appear in Baffin Bay and the Beaufort Sea, while clearing is already underway in Hudson Bay. Break-up continues throughout the summer months, reaching a minimum extent around mid-September. The map shows the typical retreat of the sea ice cover from late winter (mid-March) to late summer (mid-September) on a bi-weekly basis. The dates shown in the legend of the map indicate the extent of the sea ice cover at those dates.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Freeze-up of Sea Ice

Typical advance of sea ice over from late summer to late winter is shown on this map. Sea ice is any form of ice that is found at sea and has originated from the freezing of seawater. Formation of sea ice begins in mid-September in the Canadian Arctic and advances southward through the onset of winter. Sea ice begins to form in the St. Lawrence estuary around the first of January, and advances from coastal inlets into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Sea ice in Canada normally reaches a maximum extent at the beginning of March. The map shows the typical advance of the sea ice cover from late summer (mid-September) to late winter (mid-March). The dates shown in the legend of the map indicate the extent of the sea ice cover at those dates.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Late Summer Sea Ice Conditions

Typical sea ice types are shown here at the end of the summer melt season, as well as how often sea ice has been present at any location on September 10 over the last 30 years . Based on the observations of sea ice extent and types over the last 30 years, this map shows how frequently sea ice has been present and what is the most likely predominant ice type and where. Sea ice is any form of ice that is found at sea and has originated from the freezing of seawater. The ice type gives an indication of the thickness of sea ice such as new ice, grey ice, grey-white ice, first year ice, and old ice. Ice represents a danger for navigation. Information on sea ice is essential in estimating transportation costs, and what type of vessel is appropriate. This map shows the typical sea ice types at the end of the summer melt season (September 10) as well as frequency of sea ice on that date. The frequency of sea ice indicates how often sea ice has been present on September 10 over the last 30 years.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Late Winter Sea Ice Conditions

Typical sea ice types are shown here near the end of the winter season. Also shown is how often sea ice has been present at any location on the 26th February over the last 30 years. Based on the observations of sea ice extents and ice types over the last 30 years, this map shows how frequently sea ice has been present and what is the most likely predominant ice type and where. Sea ice is any form of ice that is found at sea and has originated from the freezing of seawater. The ice type gives an indication of the thickness of sea ice such as new ice, grey ice, grey-white ice, first year ice, and old ice. Ice represents a danger for navigation. Information on sea ice is essential in estimating transportation costs, and what type of vessel is appropriate. The map shows the typical sea ice types near the end of the winter season (February 26) and as well as frequency of sea ice on that date. The frequency of sea ice indicates how often sea ice has been present on February 26 over the last 30 years.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Wetland Regions

Wetlands mainly occur low in the landscape and form areas of groundwater discharge. This aids in the accumulation and composition of peat, as water moves slowly in wetlands. Local topography and sediment characteristics, such as an underlying low-permeability clay layer, can lead to wetlands acting as areas of recharge to groundwater and discharge to surface drainage. Water levels vary in wetlands due to climate, seasonal factors, and large water losses to evapotranspiration

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Age, 1996 - The Golden Years (65 to 74 years) by Census Division

The population 65 to 74 years of age is in their "Golden Years". This is an age when many are no longer in paid employment and have a pension and investment income. To add to the income stability is continuing good health. A number of patterns are evident on this map. The clearest of these is the north to south increase in the proportion of those in the 65 to 74 years of age range. High fertility rates and relatively lower life expectancies in the north contribute to this distribution. A high proportion of this portion of the population can be clearly seen in the Okanagan Valley, Vancouver Island and the lower mainland of British Columbia, the coastal area of Nova Scotia and even more distinctly in the Muskoka and Georgian Bay areas of Ontario. This pattern reflects the attraction of these areas for retirement homes.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Age, 1996 - The Golden Years (65 to 74 years) by Census Subdivision

The population 65 to 74 years of age is in their "Golden Years". This is an age when many are no longer in paid employment and have a pension and investment income. To add to the income stability is continuing good health. A number of patterns are evident on this map. The clearest of these is the north to south increase in the proportion of those in the 65 to 74 years of age range. High fertility rates and relatively lower life expectancies in the north contribute to this distribution. A high proportion of this portion of the population can be clearly seen in the Okanagan Valley, Vancouver Island and the lower mainland of British Columbia, the coastal area of Nova Scotia and even more distinctly in the Muskoka and Georgian Bay areas of Ontario. This pattern reflects the attraction of these areas for retirement homes.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Age, 1996 - Later Working Years (35 to 64 years) by Census Division

The segment of the population between 35 and 64 years of age are considered the population in the latter half of their working life. They have, for the most part, finished having children, are in the upper end of their earning potential, children are leaving the nest, mortgages are paid and assets are increasing. This map exhibits a few interesting patterns when compared with other maps in the age structure. Compared to the early working years group, the later working years segment is less concentrated in the inner parts of the city. Higher proportions are evident on the census subdivision layer in areas outside of cities reflecting past suburban migration patterns. In the north the area outside the populated places is dominated by a high proportion of people in their later working years. Note that very small populations exist in many large census divisions and subdivisions in the North.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Age, 1996 - Later Working Years (35 to 64 years) by Census Subdivision

The segment of the population between 35 and 64 years of age are considered the population in the latter half of their working life. They have, for the most part, finished having children, are in the upper end of their earning potential, children are leaving the nest, mortgages are paid and assets are increasing. This map exhibits a few interesting patterns when compared with other maps in the age structure. Compared to the early working years group, the later working years segment is less concentrated in the inner parts of the city. Higher proportions are evident on the census subdivision layer in areas outside of cities reflecting past suburban migration patterns. In the north the area outside the populated places is dominated by a high proportion of people in their later working years. Note that very small populations exist in many large census divisions and subdivisions in the North.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Age, 1996 - The Oldest Old (75 years and over) by Census Division

The population 75 years of age and over is referred to as the "Oldest Old". This group is distinct owing to the noticeable changes in the health status, which are reflected by the different patterns apparent on the map. One pattern that is evident on the layer containing the census divisions and is even more so when observing the census subdivision layer at a greater zoom is that several census divisions containing cities belong to the highest class. See for example Halifax, Fredericton, Saint John, Charlottetown and Regina. The services the elderly need are often located in the larger cities. The census subdivisions indicate that the small towns in the Prairies also have high proportions of this age group. The working-age people are leaving many rural areas to go to towns and cities to seek jobs. As elderly parents need more care they often move closer to their children or move in with them. The cities also provide the facilities and services that this group increasingly needs.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Age, 1996 - The Oldest Old (75 years and over) by Census Subdivision

The population 75 years of age and over is referred to as the "Oldest Old". This group is distinct owing to the noticeable changes in the health status, which are reflected by the different patterns apparent on the map. One pattern that is evident on the layer containing the census divisions and is even more so when observing the census subdivision layer at a greater zoom is that several census divisions containing cities belong to the highest class. See for example Halifax, Fredericton, Saint John, Charlottetown and Regina. The services the elderly need are often located in the larger cities. The census subdivisions indicate that the small towns in the Prairies also have high proportions of this age group. The working-age people are leaving many rural areas to go to towns and cities to seek jobs. As elderly parents need more care they often move closer to their children or move in with them. The cities also provide the facilities and services that this group increasingly needs.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Age, 1996 - Early Working Years (15 to 34 years) by Census Division

The segment of the population 15 to 34 years of age is considered to be the population that is starting jobs, purchasing first homes and having children. This map exhibits some interesting patterns that contrast well with the other age group maps. One notable pattern is the higher proportion of early working years people in urban centres. This age group migrates to urban areas to seek employment opportunities. There are lower proportions of this group in many other regions of the country. For example, the agricultural regions of the Prairies, Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia all show low proportions of early working years population.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Age, 1996 - Youth (under 15 years) by Census Division

This map represents the proportion of the population under 15 years of age. There are a number of general patterns apparent on this map. The north has a higher proportion of youth than the south. The Aboriginal population in the north still exhibits what is termed a "young" population (consult the population pyramids for the Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut). There are several regions in southern Canada that have a low proportion of youth. These tend to be in the agricultural regions of the country. Once the scale has been increased, notice the detailed pattern. The small centres in the Prairies have lower proportions of youth than the surrounding rural area.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Age, 1996 - Youth (under 15 years) by Census Subdivision

This map represents the proportion of the population under 15 years of age. There are a number of general patterns apparent on this map. The north has a higher proportion of youth than the south. The Aboriginal population in the north still exhibits what is termed a "young" population (consult the population pyramids for the Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut). There are several regions in southern Canada that have a low proportion of youth. These tend to be in the agricultural regions of the country. Once the scale has been increased, notice the detailed pattern. The small centres in the Prairies have lower proportions of youth than the surrounding rural area.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Age Structure, 2001 - Early Working Years by Census Division (15 - 34 years)

New census data on age and sex show that as of May 15, 2001, the median age of Canada's population reached an all-time high of 37.6 years, an increase of 2.3 years from 35.3 in 1996. This was the biggest census-to-census increase in a century. Median age is the point where exactly one-half of the population is older, and the other half is younger. The nation's median age has been rising steadily since the end of the baby boom in 1966, when it was only 25.4 years. Nova Scotia and Quebec were the nation's oldest provinces, each with a median age of 38.8 years. Alberta was the youngest with a median age of 35.0. The group to increase at the fastest pace was that aged 80 and over. From 1991 to 2001, their numbers soared 41.2% to 932,000. The number of people aged 80 or over is expected to increase an additional 43% from 2001 to 2011, during which time it will surpass an estimated 1.3 million. At the same time, Canada has undergone a substantial decline in the number of children aged four and under. In 2001, the census counted 1.7 million children in this age group, down 11.0% from 1991, the result mostly of Canada's declining fertility rate. By 2011, this group may decline to an estimated 1.6 million.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Age Structure, 2001 - Later Working Years by Census Division (35 - 64 years)

New census data on age and sex show that as of May 15, 2001, the median age of Canada's population reached an all-time high of 37.6 years, an increase of 2.3 years from 35.3 in 1996. This was the biggest census-to-census increase in a century. Median age is the point where exactly one-half of the population is older, and the other half is younger. The nation's median age has been rising steadily since the end of the baby boom in 1966, when it was only 25.4 years. Nova Scotia and Quebec were the nation's oldest provinces, each with a median age of 38.8 years. Alberta was the youngest with a median age of 35.0. The group to increase at the fastest pace was that aged 80 and over. From 1991 to 2001, their numbers soared 41.2% to 932,000. The number of people aged 80 or over is expected to increase an additional 43% from 2001 to 2011, during which time it will surpass an estimated 1.3 million. At the same time, Canada has undergone a substantial decline in the number of children aged four and under. In 2001, the census counted 1.7 million children in this age group, down 11.0% from 1991, the result mostly of Canada's declining fertility rate. By 2011, this group may decline to an estimated 1.6 million.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Age Structure, 2001 - Golden Years by Census Division (65 - 74 years)

New census data on age and sex show that as of May 15, 2001, the median age of Canada's population reached an all-time high of 37.6 years, an increase of 2.3 years from 35.3 in 1996. This was the biggest census-to-census increase in a century. Median age is the point where exactly one-half of the population is older, and the other half is younger. The nation's median age has been rising steadily since the end of the baby boom in 1966, when it was only 25.4 years. Nova Scotia and Quebec were the nation's oldest provinces, each with a median age of 38.8 years. Alberta was the youngest with a median age of 35.0. The group to increase at the fastest pace was that aged 80 and over. From 1991 to 2001, their numbers soared 41.2% to 932,000. The number of people aged 80 or over is expected to increase an additional 43% from 2001 to 2011, during which time it will surpass an estimated 1.3 million. At the same time, Canada has undergone a substantial decline in the number of children aged four and under. In 2001, the census counted 1.7 million children in this age group, down 11.0% from 1991, the result mostly of Canada's declining fertility rate. By 2011, this group may decline to an estimated 1.6 million.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Age Structure, 2001 - Oldest Old by Census Division (75 years of age and older)

New census data on age and sex show that as of May 15, 2001, the median age of Canada's population reached an all-time high of 37.6 years, an increase of 2.3 years from 35.3 in 1996. This was the biggest census-to-census increase in a century. Median age is the point where exactly one-half of the population is older, and the other half is younger. The nation's median age has been rising steadily since the end of the baby boom in 1966, when it was only 25.4 years. Nova Scotia and Quebec were the nation's oldest provinces, each with a median age of 38.8 years. Alberta was the youngest with a median age of 35.0. The group to increase at the fastest pace was that aged 80 and over. From 1991 to 2001, their numbers soared 41.2% to 932,000. The number of people aged 80 or over is expected to increase an additional 43% from 2001 to 2011, during which time it will surpass an estimated 1.3 million. At the same time, Canada has undergone a substantial decline in the number of children aged four and under. In 2001, the census counted 1.7 million children in this age group, down 11.0% from 1991, the result mostly of Canada's declining fertility rate. By 2011, this group may decline to an estimated 1.6 million.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada