AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
East Coast Fisheries

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map showing general distribution in nine condensed maps of the certain species of East Coast fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and indicates the areas of greatest catches and amounts taken for most species. These maps are based largely on statistics for landings of fish in 1952. The recorded ranges indicate where the various species are generally distributed.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Climate Warming - Global Annual Precipitation Scenario: 2050

A simulation of projected changes in mean annual precipitation from the period 1975 to 1995 to the period 2040 to 2060, is shown on this map. On average, precipitation increases, but it is not evenly distributed geographically. There are marked regions of decreasing, as well as increasing precipitation, over both land and ocean. Annual average precipitation generally increases over northern continents, and particularly during the winter. Warmer surface temperature would speed up the hydrological cycle at least partially, resulting in faster evaporation and more precipitation. The results are based on climate change simulations made with the Coupled Global Climate Model developed by Environment Canada.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
French and British Origins

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows two condensed maps which use dots and proportional circles to illustrate the distribution of population of French and British origin, respectively, according to the 1951 census of Canada. Each map is accompanied by a pie chart which shows the British origin and French origin percentage population distribution by province and territory. For Canadian census purposes, a person's origin or cultural group is traced through the father to the paternal ancestor on first arrival to this continent. The term 'British' embraces all those of British Isles origin, that is, it includes those from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and the Republic of Ireland.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Aboriginal Population

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map comprised of two condensed maps showing Aboriginal population. The main map shows an attempt to depict the Aboriginal ethnic and linguistic situation as it existed when the various Aboriginal peoples were first met by Europeans. It is based on a similar map which accompanied Bulletin 65 of the National museum of Canada - Indians of Canada by Diamond Jeness, first published in 1932. As Canada was first explored almost wholly in an east to west direction, the time of first European contact varies from place to place. Europeans met the Aboriginal peoples of the Labrador coast as early as the eleventh century A.D., while, on the other hand, many tribes in the far west and north-west remained unknown until late in the nineteenth century A.D. It must also be understood that this map is valid only for a limited period of time before and after the first European contact in any area. The fact that a given tribe was found in a certain area in 1600 A.D., for example, is no basis for assuming that it was there several centuries earlier. Of the groups shown, the Beothuk, Tsetsaut and Nicola are now extinct. The small scale inset map and graph that accompany the main map give a general picture of the distribution of Canada's Aboriginal population in 1951.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
West Coast Fisheries

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate showing general distribution in eight condensed maps of the certain species of West Coast fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and indicates the areas of greatest catches and amounts taken for most species. These maps are based largely on statistics for landings of fish in 1952. The recorded ranges indicate where the various species are generally distributed.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Ranges of Principal Commercial Inland Fish

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows 20 condensed maps with ranges of important inland fish of commercial value found within Canada. The ranges, for the most part, indicate present and usual distribution. Rare or occasional occurrences have not been shown. As there is still much to be learned about the fish species in some parts of Canada, some range limits are hypothetical. It should not be assumed that all species may be found throughout their respective ranges as indicated on these maps. Distribution within their broad ranges is frequently limited to particular but discontinuous habitats.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Ranges of Principal Birds

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows 20 condensed maps with the more popular game birds in Canada. The ranges, for the most part, indicate present and usual distribution. Rare or occasional occurrences have not been shown. As there is still much to be learned about the bird species in parts of northern Canada, some range limits are hypothetical. It should not be assumed that all species may be found throughout their respective ranges as indicated on these maps. Distribution within their broad ranges is frequently limited to particular but discontinuous habitats.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Ranges of Principal Mammals

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows 20 condensed maps with only mammals that are well-known to Canada. The ranges, for the most part, indicate present and usual distribution. The rare or occasional occurrences have not been shown. As there is still much to be learned about the fauna in parts of northern Canada, some range limits are hypothetical. It should not be assumed that all species may be found throughout their respective ranges as indicated on these maps, distribution within their broad ranges is frequently limited to particular but discontinuous habitats.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Ranges of Principal Commercial Trees

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows 20 condensed maps of tree species native to Canada. There are 171 different species, but many of these are of little or no commercial importance in addition to, in many cases, having a very restricted range. The maps on this plate show the ranges of the 35 species of economic importance. The range maps are similar to those used in the 1949 edition of Forestry Branch Bulletin 61, Native Trees of Canada. Shades of green indicate the ranges of the coniferous species commonly known as softwoods. The brown tints show the ranges of the broadleaved, mostly deciduous species, commonly referred to as hardwoods.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Forest Inventory Maps

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the portions of land in four condensed maps which illustrate the kind of forest maps that were being prepared from air photographs with a minimum of groundwork by the Forestry Branch of the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources in the 1950s. Such maps not only show more detail than can be shown on a general forest regions map but also enable sample areas to be located which, when investigated on the ground, provide estimates of timber volumes. These maps are also of value to those responsible for forest protection and the suppression of forest fires. The first of the maps reproduced here illustrates an area of almost continuous forest in the rough terrain of the Alberta foothills (from sheet 82 0/14 - Marble Mountain). The second shows forested areas broken only by a few scattered farms (from sheet 31 0/10 - Mitchinamecus River, Quebec). The third shows an area almost equally divided between farm and forest (from sheet 21 J/7 - Napadogan, New Brunswick) The remaining map represents a farming district with scattered woodlots (from sheet 31 H/1 - Memphremagog, Quebec).

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Forest Regions

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the extent of forest regions of Canada. It displays the extent of forest regions of Canada under natural conditions. Therefore, although many parts of Southern Canada are no longer forested, no attempt has been made to indicate such areas on this map. For each forest region, forest sections are indicated. The eight forest regions are the Boreal Forest region, Subalpine Forest region, Montane Forest region, Coast Forest Region, Columbia Forest Region, Deciduous Forest region, Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest region, and the Acadian Forest region and these are divided into forest sections based on the variations within a region. A set of two graphs accompany the map. One shows total areas of forest regions in Canada; the other shows the area of each forest region in each province.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Natural Vegetation and Flora

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the vegetation regions, and 19 smaller-scale maps showing distributions of particular plant species. The main map shows the distribution of 17 natural vegetation types and also shows non-vegetated areas (existing glaciers). The smaller maps show the distribution of plants found in particular parts of Canada. The first set, for circumpolar species, shows plants found in the far north of Canada and other circumpolar countries. These species owe their wide distribution to their extraordinary adaptability to and tolerance of climate, great variations in day length and tolerance of arctic soil-related factors. There are three regional sub-groups shown: high-arctic, alpine-arctic, and low-arctic. The maps of Amphi-Atlantic species refer to species found on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Similarly, Amphi-Beringian refers to species found on both sides of the Bering Sea. The final set of maps, North American species, refers to species which are found only in North America. Being only found here (being endemic to North America), it is assumed such species evolved on this continent, as well. Most of the flora species of Canada are in this group.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Ranges of Representative Insects, Ticks and Spiders

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the ranges of a few of the many thousands of insects, ticks and spiders species that are found in Canada. There are 20 maps showing the ranges of 52 separate species. Ranges depend on the distribution of suitable habitats and can be grouped into more or less well defined types. Consequently, because of limited space, the selection of species was confined to those which exemplify a range type or to those which were considered to be of general interest. It should not be assumed, however, that all species may be found throughout their respective ranges as indicated on these maps. Their distribution within their broad ranges is frequently limited to broad but discontinuous habitats.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Soil Survey Maps

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows four soil map sections of soil maps that were being prepared by the Experimental Farms Service of the Federal Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the Provincial Departments of Agriculture and the Departments of Soils at Canadian universities in the 1950s. Such maps show more detail than can be shown on a general soils regions map.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Drainage Basins and River Flow

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows drainage basins and river flow. The delimited drainage basins cover all Canadian land and fresh water areas. The areas of many drainage basins are written on the map. These areas do not include diversions (thus, the Albany does not include the area of its basin diverted to the St. Lawrence system). As well, the Interior Drainage class is not considered tributary and the areas it covers are not included in the total figure for the Hudson Bay Basin. At 23 selected gauging stations the average discharge in thousands of cubic feet per second is indicated along with the recorded maximum, minimum and average discharge. The data on river flow is derived from gauging station records for periods that vary considerably from river to river. For many rivers accurate data is not available. Two graphs are included, one denoting the areas of principal lakes, and the second showing the lengths of principal rivers.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Weather Stations and Forecast Regions

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the distribution of various types of weather-reporting stations, as well as the way in which Canada is divided for purposes of issuing weather information to the public. One map shows the seven Public Weather Forecast Districts of Canada, and their component areas. A larger map shows the location of weather offices and stations. The largest of these offices are the Public Weather Offices. Each forecast district has one or more public weather offices; these provide the public weather services needed by the district. The map also shows Synoptic Weather Reporting Stations. These are locations from which weather observations are made on a routine basis by trained weather observers, usually at 6-hour periods each day. The other locations shown on the map are climatological stations. These are locations from which observations of temperature, precipitation and other weather elements are made once or twice daily, usually by volunteers.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Typical Weather Situations

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the typical weather situations by means of four surface weather maps: for February 18th, circa 1954; April 19th, circa 1955; July 3rd, circa 1955; and October 12th, circa 1954. All maps are based on data of 1:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time for the afore-mentioned dates. There are two small inset maps: one shows air masses and the mean position of fronts in winter, the other shows the same concepts for summer.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Climatic Regions

Contained within 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the division of Canada into climatic regions according to the classification of the climates of the world developed by W. Koppen. Koppen first divided the world into five major divisions to which he assigned the letters A, B, C, D, and E. The letters represent the range of divisions from tropical climate (A) to polar climate (E). There are no A climates in Canada. The descriptions of the four remaining major divisions are given in the map legend. Koppen then divided the large divisions into a number of climatic types in accordance with temperature differences and variations in the amounts and distribution of precipitation, on the basis of which he added certain letters to the initial letter denoting the major division. The definitions of the additional letters which apply in Canada are also given when they first appear in the map legend. Thus b is defined under Csb and the definition is, therefore, not repeated under Cfb, Dfb or Dsb. For this map, the temperature and precipitation criteria established by Koppen have been applied to Canadian data for a standard thirty year period (1921 to 1950 inclusive).

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Humidity and Fog

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is six maps that show the humidity and fog occurrences across Canada. Two maps on the top that show the mean mixing ratios for January and July, respectively. Mixing ratio is defined as the ratio of the mass of the water vapor to the mass of dry air in a unit volume. The two mixing ratio maps on this plate are based on observations taken at midnight, 6 a.m., noon, and 6 p.m. Greenwich Mean Time over the ten year period from 1941 to 1950 inclusive. Humidity data was obtained from the regular reading of artificially-ventilated dry and wet bulb thermometers housed in standard thermometer shelters. Knowing the dry bulb temperature and the difference in temperature between the dry and wet bulbs, it is possible to calculate the different measures of humidity. The remaining maps show the mean number of days with fog for each of winter, spring, summer and fall. Winter is considered as the months of December, January and February; spring as March, April and May; summer as June, July and August; and fall as September, October and November. Fog is defined as an obscurity in the surface layers of the atmosphere caused by water droplets in suspension in the air which reduce visibility. A day with fog is considered to be a day on which the visibility was lowered to less than five-eighths of a mile (approximately 1 km) by fog for some part of the day.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Seasonal Temperatures

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows four maps of the mean daily temperatures for January, April, July and October averaged over the 30 year period, circa 1921-1950. The mean temperature for any day is the average of the maximum and minimum temperatures for that day. The mean daily temperature for any month is the average of the mean temperatures for each day of that month.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Snow Cover

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the snow cover data, referring primarily to the presence and total depth of a snow cover on the surface of the earth, across Canada. This is in contrast to data characteristics of snow cover depth, which increases by the occurrence of freshly fallen snow, but decreases by melting, wind action and settling. Two maps of these maps show the mean dates of the occurrence of first and last snow covers by one inch (2.54 cm) or greater. These are not necessarily the average dates to the beginning and ending of a continuous snow cover, since the snow cover may form and later disappear once or several times during a winter season. A third map showing the mean annual number of days with a snow cover of one inch (2.54 cm) or greater, only includes those days on which there was a snow cover. For the last map, the mean annual maximum depth of snow data was obtained by averaging the maximum depth reported for each snow season record. Snow cover data is mainly based on the ten-year period from 1941 to 1950.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Seasonal Precipitation

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows four maps of the mean precipitation for spring (March to May), summer (June to August), fall (September to November) and winter (December to February). The total precipitation for any season is the sum of the rainfall and one-tenth of the snowfall for that particular three-month period. The mean seasonal precipitation is the mean of the seasonal totals during the period 1921 to 1950 inclusive.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Precipitation Days and Precipitation Variability

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate with three maps that show the mean annual number of days with measurable precipitation, the mean annual number of days with measurable snowfall, and the variability of annual precipitation. A day with sufficient measurable precipitation (a precipitation day) is considered as a day on which the recorded rainfall amounts to one one-hundredth of an inch (0.0254 cm) or more, or the snowfall measured is one-tenth of an inch (0.254 cm) or more. At any one location the annual precipitation may vary considerably from one year to the next. This variability of annual precipitation is expressed in terms of the coefficient of variation. This coefficient is obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the annual precipitation by the mean annual precipitation.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Mean Annual Total Precipitation

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows two maps for the annual total precipitation. Annual precipitation is defined as the sum of rainfall and the assumed water equivalent of snowfall for a given year. A specific gravity of 0.1 for freshly fallen snow is used, which means that ten inches (25.4 cm) of freshly fallen snow is assumed to be equal to one inch (2.54 cm) of rain. The mean annual total precipitation and snowfall maps on this plate are primarily based on thirty-year data during the period 1921 to 1950 inclusive.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Growing Seasons

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows four maps of certain climatic aspects of the growing seasons. The first map shows the mean annual length of the growing season throughout Canada, assuming the growing season to be that part of the year when the mean daily temperature is above 42 degrees F (5.6 degrees C). The map was constructed from data for the period 1921-1950 inclusive and is based on the mean annual number of days on which the mean temperature, as estimated from the smoothed annual course of temperature, was above 42 degrees F (5.6 degrees C). The number of degree-days above 42 degrees F (5.6 degrees C) is the difference between the daily mean temperature and 42 degrees F (5.6 degrees C) when the former is more than 42 degrees F (5.6 degrees C). The annual number of degree-days, as shown on the second map, is the sum of such daily values during the year. The mean growing season precipitation map shows the average precipitation during the growing season for the period 1921 to 1950 inclusive. For this purpose, the growing season for all of Canada was arbitrarily assumed to be the period from April 1st to August 31st inclusive. There is also a map showing the variability of growing season precipitation. The variability is expressed in terms of the coefficient of variation. For any one place it would be the standard deviation of growing season precipitation divided by the mean growing season precipitation. The result is multiplied by 100 so that it can be shown as a percentage.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Frost

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that consists of three maps based on the occurrence of a temperature of 32 degrees F (0 degrees C) or lower in a standard thermometer shelter at a level of four feet above the ground. Frost may occur at grass level when the temperature in the shelter remains above freezing. On the other hand, freezing temperatures in the thermometer shelter are a definite indication of frost at grass level. The maps, showing the mean dates of the first occurrence in the fall and the last occurrence in the spring of a temperature of 32 degrees F (0 degrees C), are representative of different localities in the country. The mean annual frost-free period is the average number of days between the last frost in the spring and the first frost in the fall.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada