AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Wind and Sunshine

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate consisting of four maps, two showing wind and two showing sunshine. On the wind maps, the percentage frequency of the wind for winter and summer from each direction is represented by means of wind roses. Wind roses show wind direction and percentage frequency by means of lines proportional in length to the percentage frequency that extend out in the direction from which the wind blows. The percentage of calms is indicated by the figure in the centre of the station circle. The lower maps show the mean annual total hours of bright sunshine. The data these maps were based on is the mean annual percentage of total daylight hours (sunrise to sunset) with bright sunshine calculated from an accumulation of the mean monthly totals for twelve months at some 125 stations across Canada. All available data have been used; the length of record at most stations is between 20 and 50 years. To obtain values representing the mean annual percentage of daylight hours with bright sunshine, the total hours of bright sunshine were divided by the accumulated total number of hours from sunrise to sunset during the year. The inset table shows the times of sunrise, sunset and average hours of sunlight for various latitudes on June 21st and December 22nd (the longest and shortest days of the year).

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Climate Warming - Global Annual Precipitation Scenario: 2100

A simulation of projected changes in mean annual precipitation from the period 1975 to 1995 to the period 2080 to 2100 is shown on this map. On average, precipitation increases, but it is not evenly distributed geographically. There are marked regions of decreasing, as well as increasing precipitation, over both land and ocean. Annual average precipitation generally increases over northern continents, and particularly during the winter. Warmer surface temperature would speed up the hydrological cycle at least partially, resulting in faster evaporation and more precipitation. The results are based on climate change simulations made with the Coupled Global Climate Model developed by Environment Canada.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Atmospheric Pressure

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows four maps, one for each of January, April, July and October showing mean sea-level pressure in millibars. These maps were prepared from atmospheric pressure readings taken daily at 00, 06, 12 and 18 hours G.M.T. during the period 1940 to 1949 inclusive, except for the area north of 72.5 degrees N, where the period was 1948 to 1953 inclusive (and for which the results were adjusted to the 1940 to 1949 period). Ten mean sea-level pressure maps were drawn for each of the selected months in these periods using averages of the observed pressure. Then a grid system was superimposed over these maps and the pressure at 200 points read off. From these figures the mean maps reproduced here were drawn.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Earthquakes, Magnetism and Tides

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows maps of earthquakes, magnetism and tides across Canada. The two larger upper maps on this plate show geomagnetism. Since the North Magnetic Pole is in a different position from the Geographical North Pole, and the lines of the earths magnetic forces are deflected by various agencies, the compass needle does not point toward the Geographical North Pole in most locations. The deflection of the compass needle from True North is called magnetic variation or declination. Thus, for example, where variation is west, north as indicated by the compass needle is west of True North by the number of degrees marked on the isogones, as illustrated by the upper left map on this plate. The upper right map indicates the average annual change of magnetic variation in minutes. The small inset map at the top of this plate, entitled Earthquake Probability, shows the damage which may result from earthquakes occurring in different parts of the country. The zones are graded from 0, where such earthquakes are likely to do no damage, to 3, where earthquakes are likely to do major damage. The small-type numbers indicate the magnitude of some recorded earthquakes. The index of magnitude is related to energy released rather than the damage done. A magnitude 5.6 is considered as the threshold at which damage begins. The four lower maps on this plate show co-tidal and co-range lines for/from the semi-diurnal and diurnal tides. A co-tidal line indicates the position of the crest of the tidal undulation at a given time. The hours marked on these lines are intervals in lunar time from that instant when the moon crosses the Greenwich meridian. A co-range line indicates the difference in level between the crest and the trough of the undulation.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Principal Minerals

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows 20 different maps of principal minerals across Canada, circa 1955. The maps were compiled from information supplied by the Mines Branch of the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. Usually, the principal occurrences have been indicated but where these are very numerous only the areas in commercial production are shown. It should, therefore, be noted that not all of the principal occurrences are actually mined.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Bedrock Geology

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the bedrock geology across Canada that was compiled by the Geological Survey of Canada, circa 1956. The map denotes the geological time periods and makeup of bedrock for the Canadian landmass. This map denotes the bedrock geology using letter codes and colour to indicate surface coverage and principal rock types. The legend includes the era and period of when the rock types were formed.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Glacial Geology

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the locations of glacial materials, circa mid-1950s. The extents of existing glaciers and ice caps are shown. The direction of ice movement is illustrated by denoting the trends of drumlins (elongated or oval hills of glacial drift), drumlinoid ridges, flutings, glacial striae, grooves and roche-moutonee (rounded glacially shaped rock) as well as the direction of valley glacier movements. Areas of extinct glacial lakes are shown with glacial spillways which are outlets of these extinct glacial lakes. Deposits of ground moraine, end moraine and undifferentiated glacial drift are shown along with trends of minor moraine. Moraine is generally defined as till, gravel, sand, clay etc. that has been carried and deposited by a glacier. Also shown are the locations of eskers, which are irregularly stratified, winding ridges of sand, gravel and boulders deposited by fast flowing glacial streams that may run through, over or under ice.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Physiography of Southern Ontario

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the physiography of Southern Ontario, from soil or land types to physical features. It was compiled from detailed maps published by the Ontario Research Foundation in 1951. They accompanied the monograph entitled The Physiography of Southern Ontario by L. J. Chapman and D. F. Putnam.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Bathy-Orography - Western Canada

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the depths (bathymetry) of the waters in and around Western Canada, together with the relief (orography) of the land. The bathymetric information was supplied by the Canadian Hydrographic Service; the orographic information by the Topographical Survey; and the names of the principal physical features by the Geographical Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. There are also four profiles along meridians and parallels. All isolines and elevations are in feet.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Bathy-Orography - Eastern Canada

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the depths (bathymetry) of the waters in and around Eastern Canada, together with the relief (orography) of the land. The bathymetric information was supplied by the Canadian Hydrographic Service; the orographic information by the Topographical Survey; and the names of the principal physical features by the Geographical Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. There are also four profiles along meridians and parallels. All isolines and elevations are in feet.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Bathy-Orography - Canada

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the depths (bathymetry) of the waters in and around Canada, together with the relief (orography) of the land. The bathymetric information was supplied by the Canadian Hydrographic Service; the orographic information by the Topographical Survey; and the names of the principal physical features by the Geographical Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. There are also four profiles along meridians and parallels. All isolines and elevations are in feet.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Hydrographic Charts

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows the coverage of hydrographic charts produced by the Surveys and Mapping Branch of the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, circa 1958. It also shows portions of three published sheets which illustrate the kinds of hydrographic charts available. The section entitled Inland Waters is part of Coast Chart 2303, Inland Waters, Great Lakes, Jackfish Bay to St. Ignace Island, Lake Superior. The Harbour Chart is part of Harbour Chart 3418, Vancouver Harbour. The Coastal Chart is part of Coast Chart 4311, Atlantic Ocean, Egg Island to Pennant Point, southeast coast of Nova Scotia.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Aeronautical Charts

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows ten condensed maps that lustrate the kinds of aeronautical charts that were prepared by the Surveys and Mapping Branch of the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys [now Natural Resources Canada] as of 1956. The series of Aeronautical Charts on a scale of 1:506 880 (8 miles to 1 inch) consists of 221 maps principally used for visual reference flying while assisted by aeronautical aids. It is illustrated here by part of the Banff-Bassano sheet and part of the Avalon-Burin sheet. The 1:1 000 000 series consists of 68 sheets. Its principal use is the same as for the 1:506 880 series but it is designed to serve higher speed aircraft. The portion reproduced here is from the Kootenay River chart. The Calgary Instrument Approach Chart and Landing Chart are examples of a series of about 90 maps which form an integral part of the Canada Air Pilot. The Approach Chart is mainly used to descend, by instruments, through cloud, until visual reference to the ground is established immediately before a landing is made. The Landing Chart is used to identify and then land on the runway in use and to show the taxi-ways leading to passenger terminals, hangars and other areas. Other types of aeronautical charts are illustrated by five small portions of sheets covering parts of the island of Newfoundland. Mercator Plotting Charts are used by aircraft navigators for plotting positions etc. Navigational Plotting Charts have similar uses as does the Trans Atlantic Plotting Chart. Radio Facility Charts are used for flying from airport to airport. The Aeronautical Planning Chart is used for general planning before a flight.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Comparison of Scales

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows six maps of cities or towns at different scales. The portions of all, but the first and last of the maps, illustrate the principal national map series produced by the Surveys and Mapping Branch of the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys [now Natural Resources Canada], circa 1958.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Extent of Topographical Mapping Surveys - 1955

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows four maps and their extent of areas in Canada, which were mapped at various scales, circa 1955. The first map shows the areas which were mapped at scales of 1:50 000 and 1:63 360. The second and third maps show the areas mapped at scales of 1:126 720 and 1:190 080, respectively. The last map shows the areas which were mapped at scales of 1:250 000 and 1:253 440.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Quebec, St. John, Winnipeg

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that has three maps. The first map is of the city of Quebec, the second map is of the city of St. John and the third map is of the city of Winnipeg. At this time these cities had a population over 25, 000. The map indicates the location of city wards, electric railways, and churches symbolized as crosses.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Extent of Mapping Surveys - 1955

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows four maps, circa 1955. On the left of this plate, the top map shows the extent of township and boundary surveys. The bottom left map shows the extent and type of air-photographic surveys. Air-photographic surveys have greatly facilitated the mapping of the country and serve many other uses as well. For purposes of accuracy, vertical photographs are preferable in that distortion is reduced to a minimum. Where speed has been a factor, trimetrogon surveys have been carried out. In this type of survey the aircraft carries three cameras, one of which takes vertical photographs and the other two oblique photographs on either side of the aircraft's track. Because of the wide coverage, fewer flights are required for oblique than vertical surveys. On the right of this plate, the upper map entitled Geodetic Surveys shows the triangulation areas in which precise control points have been established by the triangulation method, while the shoran trilateration symbols indicate precise control points established by that method. The bottom right map also entitled Geodetic Surveys shows precise and exploratory astronomical fixations which differ only in the amount of time and instrumentation required in taking the fixes. Both types of fixations are used as control points for surveys.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Mapping the Interior, 1630-1870

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows a series of redrawn reproductions of historical maps. The first three maps deal with the eastern interior of Canada, the first of them showing the work of Champlain, Canadas first great explorer. His work was extended into the Great Lakes, often by missionaries such a Dollier and Galinee, and later recorded by Franquelin, the first great map compiler of Canada. The next three maps are concerned with the western interior where, at first, geographical knowledge was very conjectural. This is indicated on the combined maps of Delisle and Buache - the western portion being the work of Delisle and the eastern portion and the inset the work of Buache. But gradually, as the fur-trading companies extended their operations, more precise knowledge was obtained of the area between Hudson Bay, the Rocky Mountains and the Beaufort Sea, as the Pond map of 1787 illustrates. Later, geographical knowledge was gained of the Cordillera itself which extended to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. The map of 1814 is a faithful portrait of the west by the great pioneer surveyor David Thompson. By Confederation, what is now Canada was mapped from sea to sea, although to show this adequately, two maps of the period have been combined. But while broad outlines of Canada were being drawn, detailed topographical surveys were also being made in the settled areas. The last two maps on this plate are examples of this. The Delabat map is part of the Plan du Cours de la Riviere du Dauphin, et du Fort du Port Royal a la Cadie, that is, the area around Annapolis Royal and Annapolis River, Nova Scotia, of today. The Duberger map is part of a Plan of the Town and Fortifications of Quebec.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Mapping the Coasts, 1492-1874

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the a series of reproduced historical maps. The first maps, from Stephanius to Zaltieri, illustrate the emergence of the concept of a new continent of America. Behaims globe indicates the general belief that Europe and Asia were separated principally by water. Ruyschs map is one of the earliest that shows the discoveries of Columbus, Cabot, the Corte Reals and Vespucci. The Waldseemulle map and the Agnese map of 1540 depicts a new continent. The Ptolemy map of 1548 shows that to many people there was still the possibility that America and Asia were joined in the north. The next maps from La Cosa to Velasco, show how the shape of the northeast coast of North America was mapped. These maps show the early doubts as to whether the new discoveries were part of a continuous coast or merely islands in the Atlantic and the eventual resolution of these doubts. Desceliers showed that by 1550 the St. Lawrence estuary was known and that Newfoundland existed as an island. By 1610, the Gulf of St. Lawrence region was even more accurately defined and a great inland lake appeared on the Velasco map. The next five maps show how the Arctic coasts gradually became revealed, partly as a result of the search for the Northwest Passage hypothetically indicated by Mercator in 1595. By 1823 some of the water passages had been discovered and by 1835 the northern continental coastline of America established. The map of 1874 shows the extension of mapping further poleward into the Queen Elizabeth Islands. The final four maps indicate the development of the knowledge of the west coast. De Laet, in 1630, showed the Spanish Empire reaching northward along the Pacific coast; the 1758 map shows Russian activities extending south along the same coast. Cook added further detail which Vancouver supplemented with more precise coastal surveys as shown on the Arrowsmith map of 1822.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Routes of Explorers

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate of four maps that shows routes followed by the principal explorers of what is now Canada, prior to Confederation. Rather than attempt to show all the routes on a single map, four maps have been used, each covering a particular period. The first map shows the exploration which took place prior to the formation of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1670. The second map covers the period from 1670 to the treaty of Paris of 1763, when all of Canada became British. The third map terminates in 1795 by which time Mackenzie had made his famous overland journey to the Pacific Ocean and Vancouver had carried out his surveys of the west coast. The fourth map deals with nineteenth century exploration before Confederation.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Telephones Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and Yukon

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows five maps. The maps show the telephone network for Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and Yukon. Two or more lines may follow the same route, but due to the scale of the map the inclusion of all the telephone lines in the vicinity of the larger cities and towns were not permitted. The telephone lines and their end nodes are represented as solid grey lines, and many lines follow alongside railway tracks. The map indicates the shore line portions of the various cable lines, the Pacific ocean in British Columbia, and inland waters in Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Each segment is magnified into separate boundaries, and divided from one another. The maps includes major cities, counties, rivers, major bodies of water, and the railway systems running past the border and into part of the U.S.. It also displays the rectangular survey system which records the land that is available to the public. This grid like system is divided into sections, townships, range, and meridian from mid-Manitoba to Alberta.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Forestry and Woodworking

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows three condensed maps and four graphs representing various forestry and woodworking processes as well as the correlating statistics for Canada. The first map on this plate shows the locations of sash, door and planing mills for 1951. This map includes establishments engaged wholly or principally in millwork or the production of sash, doors, frames, mouldings, planed lumber, matched lumber (other than hardwood flooring), prefabricated houses, wooden furniture, boxes and containers as well as plants specializing in milling in transit. The second map shows most of the plants devoted to furniture production in 1951, although some of them also manufacture commodities other than furniture as secondary products. The furniture industry is not exclusively concerned with woodworking as it produces such things as household furniture, office and store fixtures, metal and upholstered furniture and mattresses. In 1951, the furniture industry employed 27 274 persons and ranked 11th among manufacturing industries in terms of numbers employed and with a value of production of $190 907 420 ranked 24th in terms of value of production. The third and largest map on this plate shows the labour force engaged in forestry and logging and is based on 1951 census data. This labour force includes the craftsmen, labourers, technical and administrative personnel of logging companies, self employed loggers, foresters, fire rangers, and other forestry service personnel. Also included on this plate are three graphs showing lumber production for 1951. The first graph shows quantity of lumber production by province; the second shows value of woods operations by product; and the third shows quantity of lumber cut by kind.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Medical Services Branch Facilities

Contained within the Atlas of Canada's Various Map Series, 1965 to 2006, is a map which was prepared for Health and Welfare Canada in 1990 and was published by Energy, Mines and Resources in 1991. It uses the standard 1:12 500 000 base map on top of which is shown various medical services facilities in red. The specific facilities are: hospitals, clinics, nursing stations, health centres, health stations, band administered facilities, health offices, health units, quarantine stations, NNADAP treatment centres and health region boundaries.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada