AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Growth Rate of Commercial Service Employment, 1986 to 1996

Commercial services, the activities operating within the private sector, are attracted to markets according to the population of the area they serve and the level of market income. The growth rates in commercial services between 1986 and 1996 indicate that growth was widely dispersed across Canada. Generally, commercial service activities were disproportionately attracted to the larger centres (Toronto, Montréal); however, growth was less in these larger cities. High growth rates occurred throughout Alberta and British Columbia, and around Toronto and Montréal where the urban markets have grown most rapidly.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Growth Rate of Financial Services Employment, 1986 to 1996

Commercial services, the activities operating within the private sector, are attracted to markets according to the population of the area they serve and the level of market income. Growth in financial services varied from decline or slow growth in the Prairie provinces to rapid growth in British Columbia and southern Ontario and Quebec. The highest rates of growth occurred in coastal British Columbia and in the urban centres near the largest cities (for example, Toronto, Ottawa and Montréal).

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Growth Rate of Leisure Services Employment, 1986 to 1996

Commercial services, the activities operating within the private sector, are attracted to markets according to the population of the area they serve and the level of market income. Growth rates for leisure services were relatively slow in the eastern Prairie provinces and rapid in British Columbia and southern Ontario and Quebec. The very highest rates of growth were widely dispersed in the urban centres on the edge of metropolitan regions. These high-growth places are often those that cater to the recreational needs of nearby large cities.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Growth Rate of Personal Services Employment, 1986 to 1996

Commercial services, the activities operating within the private sector, are attracted to markets according to the population of the area they serve and the level of market income. Growth rates for personal services show much the same regional pattern, the relatively slow growth in the eastern Prairie provinces contrasting with the rapid growth in British Columbia, Alberta and southern Ontario and Quebec. The very highest rates of growth occurred in coastal British Columbia and around Toronto, Ottawa, and Montréal, where population growth was rapid.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Growth Rate of Retailing Employment, 1986 to 1996

Commercial services, the activities operating within the private sector, are attracted to markets according to the population of the area they serve and the level of market income. Growth in retailing varied regionally, with declines in Manitoba and Saskatchewan contrasting with rapid growth in the rest of the country. The highest growth rates are found in the urban centres near the largest cities: Varennes, Quebec; Airdrie, Alberta; and Buckingham, Quebec (near Ottawa).

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Growth Rate of Wholesaling Employment, 1986 to 1996

Commercial services, the activities operating within the private sector, are attracted to markets according to the population of the area they serve and the level of market income. The growth rates for wholesaling varied regionally, with the higher rates in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario and Quebec contrasting with those in Saskatchewan, Manitoba and the Atlantic provinces. The highest rates of growth occurred in British Columbia and Alberta, and in or near Toronto, Ottawa and Montréal. These are some of the places with the highest per capita incomes, and generally the places with highest rates of population growth during this period. The highest growth rates are found in small peripheral cities, which had a very small employment base in 1986 (for example, La Baie, Quebec, and Port Alberni and Fort St. John, British Columbia).

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Base-metal Mines, 2003

This map depicts the 30 base-metal mines that operated for any period during 2003. Base-metal mines produce primarily copper, nickel, zinc, lead, cobalt, molybdenum and magnesium. There were no active base-metal mines in the Yukon Territory, Nunavut, Alberta, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia or Newfoundland and Labrador for this year. The locations of 24 selected base-metal production facilities are shown to provide an industrial context for base-metal mining activity.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Growth Rate of Education Services Employment, 1986 to 1996

Fifteen small and peripheral cities lost jobs between 1986 and 1996 in the education sector, but none more than 300. Toronto added almost 25 000 jobs in education during this period. Areas of slow growth, mostly rural or smaller centres, lost jobs in education as the birth rate declined, especially rural Quebec and across the northern periphery of the country. Nationally, the growth in the education sector more or less reflected the overall distribution of population growth across the country in, for example, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto, Ottawa and Montréal. Nevertheless, many growing cities across the country (for example, Prince George, British Columbia and Fredericton, New Brunswick) also added jobs in these activities.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Growth Rate of Health Services Employment, 1986 to 1996

Growth in health-care employment was almost universal across Canada. Only three places lost jobs, none losing more than 120 people, whereas Toronto added 44 000 health-care workers. Nationally, the growth in health care more or less reflects the overall distribution of population growth across the country. Since 1991, 96% of population growth has occurred in the four largest provinces (Ontario, Quebec, Alberta and British Columbia), and two-thirds of that growth took place in Ontario and British Columbia. Many small centres across the country also added jobs in these activities.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Growth Rate of Public Administration Employment, 1986 to 1996

The pattern of growth rates for public administration shows the most distinctive pattern of change. There were substantial declines, with more than half of the cities losing employment during the period 1986 to 1996. The federal capital (Ottawa) and the provincial capitals Halifax and Winnipeg suffered the greatest losses. The highest rates of growth occurred in coastal British Columbia and in small cities on the fringes of Toronto and Montréal.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Growth Rate of Public Service Employment, 1986 to 1996

The public service sector is defined here as the sum of public-service employment for all three levels of government, as well as education and health-care activities. The map of growth rates for public-service employment between 1986 and 1996 is almost entirely driven by education and health employment, and largely reflects the population growth rate. The combination of all these different activities produces a spatial distribution skewed towards the larger cities that serve as national or provincial/territorial capitals, and/or major education and health centres. During this period, cities in British Columbia grew rapidly, as did the clusters of cities around Toronto and Montréal. The growth was much slower or negative in the eastern Prairie provinces and the Atlantic provinces.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Growth Rates of the Service Industries, 1986 to 1996

The maps of growth rates for the period 1986 to 1996 tell us how many jobs each city has added relative to its size, so that cities can be compared. Those cities that have special advantages for service activity will be the places that grow in the future. The difference in the employment totals (1996 value minus 1986 value) is called the absolute growth; and the absolute growth divided by the 1986 value is called the growth rate (absolute growth / 1986 value). Almost all places with a growth rate of more than 40% in total service employment over the decade are located in Alberta, British Columbia or within 200 kilometres of Toronto or Montréal. Saskatchewan and Manitoba do very poorly, and the Atlantic provinces and other parts of Ontario and Quebec display a variety of growth rates, some being high but most low.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Service Industries - Specialization in Business Services, 1996

Business services, the most rapidly growing sector within commercial services, includes accountants, computer services and other kinds of consultants — all those activities that serve other businesses. This map shows the difference between the actual employment in business services and the expected level, based on the city's population and income. Like financial services, business services are strongly oriented to big cities and to high-income locations, and within cities they concentrate in downtown office buildings and financial districts.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Service Industries: Specialization in Financial Services, 1996

This map shows the difference between the actual employment in financial services and the expected level, based on the city's population and income. The financial services have become an important part of present-day consumption, providing a variety of banking, insurance and investment services. Some activities act like convenience retail (banks and credit unions) and others are more like retail shopping activity (stockbrokers and insurance companies). Still others are oriented to businesses, or deal with each other in concentrated financial districts in large cities. In general, smaller cities are more likely to have either high or low levels of specialization, since large cities tend to provide the full range of financial activities.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Ferrous-metal Mines, 2003

This map depicts the 6 ferrous-metal mines that operated for any period during 2003. Ferrous-metal mines produce iron ore, niobium and tantalum, all used in the production of steel and steel alloys. Only Newfoundland and Labrador, Quebec and Manitoba have ferrous-metal mines. The locations of 16 steel-production facilities, 3 iron-agglomerate plants and 4 ferroalloy plants are shown to provide an industrial context for ferrous-metal mining activity.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Service Industries - Specialization in Leisure Services, 1996

This map shows the difference between the actual employment in leisure services and the expected level, based on the city's population and income. Leisure services are a complex group. They are a combination of food services, typically found close to markets, with no strong preference for city size or income; accommodation (hotels and motels), oriented to smaller centres and resort areas but especially in high-income areas; and recreation activities, found in both big-city and high-income locations. These activities are oriented to high-income consumers and are often found in high-amenity rural locations, as well as in many big cities. Values are lowest in manufacturing centres in central Canada.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Service Industries - Specialization in Personal Services, 1996

Personal services include beauty salons, dry cleaners and travel agents on the convenience side, and car rental and photography on the specialty side. This map shows the difference between the actual employment in personal services and the expected level, based on the city's population and income. Generally, personal services are closely linked to the nearby market, with only a modest preference for larger centres and higher income areas. Everyone uses them; they are everywhere. After the effects of the market are removed, specialization does occur in smaller places in western Canada and the Atlantic provinces that have extensive service areas, whereas most urban centres in southern Ontario and Quebec have smaller trade areas and are thus relatively deficient in these services.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Service Industries - Specialization in Retailing, 1996

Retailing is the most familiar service of all: goods are brought together, displayed and sold directly to consumers. This map shows the difference between the actual employment in retail and the expected level, based on the city's population and income. Retail activity is usually divided into two categories: the provision of convenience goods, such as food, drugs and gasoline, that are purchased on a daily or weekly basis — usually from the nearest outlet — and the provision of shopping goods, such as clothes, furniture or new cars. Customers prefer to compare several stores before buying shopping goods. The specialization in retailing is evident throughout western Canada, including British Columbia, wherever cities serve extensive trade (market) areas. There is a corresponding deficiency of retail facilities in the cities of Ontario and Quebec, especially in and around the largest cities where trade areas are smaller.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Service Industries - Specialization in Wholesaling, 1996

Wholesaling is that part of the service sector that distributes goods from importers or manufacturers to retailers. This map shows the difference between the actual employment in wholesaling and the expected level, based on the city's population and income. Some of the most intensely specialized wholesale locations are smaller places that are close to Toronto or Montréal. The map also contrasts the cities of the Prairie provinces, which have extensive service areas and therefore significant wholesale roles, with the industrial cities of Ontario and Quebec, which have smaller service areas and therefore less wholesaling.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
The Search for a Western Passage c1519 to 1527

The second phase of exploration of what is now Canada lasted from 1519 to 1533. During that period, explorers charted the Atlantic Coast in search of a western passage to Asia. This map shows the routes of four explorers: Fagundes (1519 to 1526), Verrazzano (1524), Gomes (1525) and Rut (1527). The map also shows the extent of territory known to Europeans in the period 1497 to 1650; and the navigation of all exploration routes during the period of maritime exploration between 1497 and 1599. The historical names found on the map are derived from contemporaneous maps and written documents of the period.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Service Industries - Specialization in Health and Education Services, 1996

Health and education services now dominate the public sector, and have become important components of the local economy and social well-being. The map shows the difference between the actual employment in education and health activities and the expected level, based on the city's population. For the most part, these services are funded by provincial agencies, although local agencies may make location decisions. Education and health facilities are not closely related to income levels, so the expected levels of employment depend mainly on the population size. Cities with more health and education jobs than expected are specialized, while those with negative values are deficient.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Service Industries - Specialization in Public Administration, 1996

Public administration includes employment at the three levels of government: federal, provincial and municipal. The map shows the difference between the actual employment in public administration and the expected level, based on the city's population. Cities with more public administration jobs than expected are specialized; those with negative values are deficient. In general, smaller cities are more likely to have high or low levels of specialization, whereas large cities tend to provide the full range of service activities and therefore have less overall specialization in services.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Service Industries - Specialization in Public Services (overall), 1996

Public-service activities are funded, located and administered by governments. The map shows the difference between the actual employment in all public-service activities and the expected level, based on the city's population. Unlike the various commercial sectors, the consumption of public-sector services is not closely related to income levels, so the expected levels of employment depend mainly on population size. Cities with more public-sector jobs than expected are specialized; those with negative values are deficient. In general, smaller cities are more likely to have high or low levels of public-sector specialization, since large cities tend to provide the full range of service activities and therefore have less specialization in services.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Service Industries - Commercial Activity Index, 1996

The commercial activity index is a summary measure of the attraction of urban places as locations for commercial activity. The index compares the actual commercial employment to the employment predicted on the basis of population. Thus it captures both the variation in income per capita (the attractiveness of the local market), and the centrality, as the ability to reach service areas outside the city. In combination, the variation in income per capita favours the industrial towns of Ontario, while the measure of centrality favours the smaller centres of western Canada. The small resource centres, especially in the Atlantic region or Quebec have the lowest values. For a commercial service firm the index is a valuable indicator of the potential of a city to generate sales beyond the level indicated by its size; and for public institutions, that are less sensitive to variations in level of income, the index measures the ability of the city to reach a larger population.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
The Search for a Northwest Passage 1576 to 1587

The fourth phase of exploration in what is now Canada consisted of Frobisher's three voyages (1576, 1577 and 1578) and the two voyages of Davis (1586 and 1587) made in search of a northwest passage to Asia. These voyages represented the initial penetration of the Arctic. The map also shows the extent of territory known to Europeans in the period 1497 to 1650; and the navigation of all exploration routes during the period of maritime exploration between 1497 and 1599. The historical names found on the map are derived from contemporaneous maps and written documents of the period.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Service Industries: Per Capita Income, 1996

The map shows the two most important characteristics of markets: their size (measured by population) and the level of income - hence the ability to buy various kinds of services. The market is the amount of money available to purchase goods and services. The corporations that provide services (wholesale, retail, finance, business services, leisure services, personal services) to Canadian consumers visualize the country as a set of markets of varying sizes (the cities), and with different characteristics, especially the level of income - which directly affects the ability to consume.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Service Industries - Service Market Influence, Index of Centrality, 1996

While the size of the market determines the amount of service activity within a city, it may have more service activity than indicated by the size of the market, and this surplus of facilities is called "centrality". A high index value of centrality implies that the city is serving an extensive region outside the city, as well as the urban market itself. Conversely, a deficiency of service facilities suggests that the city's external role is quite limited, or that it may even import goods and service from nearby centres. In general the agricultural centres of western Canada have the highest values of centrality, while the lower values are found in industrial cities of central Canada (Ontario and Quebec) or isolated resource towns. Centrality implies an extensive and well-populated service area.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Air Carrier Routes, 2006 - West Jet

In 2006, there were 2311 airline licences issued to 1580 foreign and domestic airlines operating in Canada. Domestically, Air Canada and its partner Jazz were the largest airline in 2006 followed by WestJet. There were 45 airlines that provided service to remote communities and smaller niche markets. Each air route represents an origin destination pair between two airports that may be shared by one or more air carriers. The non-stop air routes shown on the map represent the straight line distance between two airports and not the actual flight navigation route.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Air Carrier Routes, 2006 - Regional Carriers

In 2006, there were 2311 airline licences issued to 1580 foreign and domestic airlines operating in Canada. Domestically, Air Canada and its partner Jazz were the largest airline in 2006 followed by WestJet. There were 45 airlines that provided service to remote communities and smaller niche markets. Each air route represents an origin destination pair between two airports that may be shared by one or more air carriers. The non-stop air routes shown on the map represent the straight line distance between two airports and not the actual flight navigation route.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Air Carrier Routes, 2006

In 2006, there were 2311 airline licences issued to 1580 foreign and domestic airlines operating in Canada. Domestically, Air Canada and its partner Jazz were the largest airline in 2006 followed by WestJet. There were 45 airlines that provided service to remote communities and smaller niche markets. Each air route represents an origin destination pair between two airports that may be shared by one or more air carriers. The non-stop air routes shown on the map represent the straight line distance between two airports and not the actual flight navigation route.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Air Carrier Routes, 2006 - Air Canada

In 2006, there were 2311 airline licences issued to 1580 foreign and domestic airlines operating in Canada. Domestically, Air Canada and its partner Jazz were the largest airline in 2006 followed by WestJet. There were 45 airlines that provided service to remote communities and smaller niche markets. Each air route represents an origin destination pair between two airports that may be shared by one or more air carriers. The non-stop air routes shown on the map represent the straight line distance between two airports and not the actual flight navigation route.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada