AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Enhanced interpretation of regional geochemical stream sediment data from Yukon: catchment basin analysis and weighted sums modeling

Geochemical data from regional geochemistry survey samples from Yukon have undergone exploratory data analysis and principal component analysis. The results of these analyses clearly demonstrate geological control on the distribution of a number of important commodity and mineral deposit pathfinder elements. Catchment basins have been delineated for the samples and the dominant simplified geological unit in each catchment basin used to level the geochemical data where appropriate. Levelling the geochemical data in this fashion generally fails to fully account for enrichments in many commodity and mineral deposit pathfinder elements in the bedrock due to practical limitations on the resolution of the mapping and knowledge of the relative contributions of different geological units, although the resulting data interpretation is an improvement on one based solely upon raw geochemical data. Weighted sums models have been generated for the deposit types that either exist within the individual map areas covered by this report or are considered by the authors to be of exploration significance. Separate catchment maps showing the distribution of stream water pH and the concentration of elements inferred to have accumulated through hydromorphic dispersion are also provided. An additional series of maps has been generated to display weighted sums models calculated using regression of commodity and mineral deposit pathfinder elements against those principal components containing the same elements that show the strongest spatial associations with bedrock geology. Both model types have been iteratively tested using known mineral occurrences in the relevant map areas and, for the most part, are compatible with the distribution of known mineralization where sampling coverage is adequate. Geochemical anomalies unrelated to known mineral occurrences are evident in both data sets and provide possible targets for further investigation.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Stratigraphy summary for southeast Yukon (NTS 95D/8 and 95C/5)

Sedimentary strata located within NTS map sheets 95C/5 and 95D/8, southeast Yukon, have a combined thickness ranging between 5000 and 15000 m and depositional ages ranging from Proterozoic to Paleocene. They can be grouped into eight successions with formations within each succession indicating either similar depositional environments or a horizontal or vertical lithological facies zonation. Early to middle Paleozoic successions are best exposed; Proterozoic, Late Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic successions are only locally exposed. Many of the successions are bounded by unconformities; some also contain internal depositional hiatuses. The deposition and preservation of the successions reflect the regional tectonic framework of the Canadian Cordillera from Neoproterozoic to present.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Yukon Regional Mineral Potential by Deposit Models 2003

Contains PDF maps of regional mineral potential by deposit models for Yukon. Also included is a PDF document containing methodology, limitations, and a description of the data used for the assessments.
There are three directories: 
Report folder - open file report in WORD format and PDF format.
Index folder- PDF map showing tract numbers; and PDF table of deposit models assessed in each tract.
Maps folder - 18 PDF maps of regional mineral potential by individual deposit model.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Felsic metavolcanic rocks at Matt Berry: A new deposit model

Exhalative Pb-Zn-Cu mineralization of the Matt Berry deposit is hosted in polydeformed black shale that is underlain by a strongly deformed felsic schist. The copper-rich nature of the ore, volcanic textures in the ore contacts, and the presence of alkaline felsic metavolcanic rocks beneath the deposit, suggest that the mineralization fits a mineral deposit model intermediate between sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) and volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) end members.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Yukon Geology and Exploration 1979-80

This volume follows earlier annual Mineral Industry Reports for Yukon published by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. In addition to the summaries of work by exploration companies found in those earlier publications, this volume contains reports on the geology of mineral deposits and mineral districts under active investigation by geologists of the Department.

This volume further includes a set of maps showing most known mineral occurrences in relation to the mineral and placer claims in good standing with references to descriptions of each occurrence. It is intended to keep these maps up-to-date and to produce them annually as a convenient inventory of occurrences. This volume contains material for two years, effectively bringing this report series up-to-date. The new title for the report was chosen to more accurately reflect its content.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Analysis of geoscience data for geothermal exploration in the Dakwäkäda (Haines Junction) area, Yukon

In collaboration with the Yukon Geological Survey, the Geological Survey of Canada, and other project partners, Innovate Geothermal Ltd. performed an analysis of geoscience data in southwestern Yukon as part of an effort to better understand the potential for geothermal energy resources that, if present, could be utilized to help reduce fossil fuel use. The study area for this project is located in the vicinity of the Village of Haines Junction (Dakwäkäda) and lies between the Denali and Shakwak fault zones. The main aim of this project is to analyze and interpret a variety of pre-existing and newly acquired geological and geophysical datasets to evaluate where geothermal reservoirs may be present within the study area. A secondary aim is to propose favourable drilling locations, if warranted, for exploratory wells to collect information on subsurface temperature and permeability. The geoscience work accomplished here includes both 2D map interpretation as well as construction of a 3D geologic model that was guided by geophysical inversion modelling of gravity, magnetic and audio-magnetotelluric survey data. At a regional scale, multiple lines of evidence suggest that subsurface temperatures are above the crustal average. More importantly, a municipal water well drilled in 2002 in the Village of Haines Junction produce warm (~20 °C) water from a depth of ~350 m. This water well proves that at least one permeable sediment-hosted geothermal aquifer is present under Haines Junction. Additional geothermal aquifers within the pile of young sediment that sits atop the bedrock are likely present. However, due to a lack of deep drilling in the area, the exact location, temperature, thickness and permeability of such aquifers remains unknown. In this study, a depth-to-bedrock model has been generated to aid with the identification of favourable target areas for exploratory drilling of geothermal wells. The four areas where the top-of-bedrock is deepest have estimated depths in the range 650 to 1225 m below ground surface. Temperature data from two wells in the Haines Junction area suggests the temperature gradient is ~60 °C/km. Thus, geothermal aquifers located near the top-of-bedrock in the four areas identified could have temperatures in the range of 39–74 °C. Production of geothermal fluids from these areas requires permeability in the sediments that sit above the bedrock. Deeper drilling is needed to measure actual subsurface temperatures beneath the village and to identify permeable intervals. Geologic structures and faults that may control permeability in the bedrock remain poorly constrained.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Isotopic age determinations of some metamorphic and igneous rocks from Clinton Creek area, Yukon

Clinton Creek asbestos deposit is 77 km northwest of Dawson City on Clinton Creek in Yukon Territory. Eight samples of the Nasina Quartzite and Klondike Schist and one of a small granodiorite plug in the area were collected during 1975 and 1976 as part of a project to investigate the geology of the Clinton Creek asbestos deposit. Potassium-argon and rubidium-strontium analyses were performed to obtain dates for metamorphism of the area.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Mineral Industry Report 1973

This report is a review of the Yukon mineral industry for 1973. The information in this report was obtained from visits to mineral properties and by personal communciation with individuals involved as well as from technical reports, trade journals, newspapers, publications of the Geological Survey of Canada and the monthly reports of the Mining Recorders of the Dawson, Mayo, Watson Lake and Whitehorse Mining Districts.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
2D Resistivity/IP Data Release for Placer Mining and shallow Quartz Mining - Yukon 2010

This geophysical exploration, conducted by Arctic Geophysics Inc., focuses on the discovery of subsurface conditions in remote wilderness areas in the Yukon, where little or no prospecting information for mining is available. The data should be of value for placer mining and shallow quartz mining.

The study was initiated by Yukon Geological Survey as an incentive for investors, prospectors and miners to develop promising new areas for mining in the Yukon.

Target areas are Los Angeles Creek, Wolf Creek, Ladue River and Rice Creek. 
For the investigation of the ground 2D Resistivity and Induced Polarization (IP) were employed. As a result 10,975 m of measuring line have been produced in this exploration. 


Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Surficial geochemical data extracted from assessment reports: Development and initial release of the database

The Yukon archive of assessment reports contains a significant amount of data; however, accessing these data is challenging due to the absence of a centralized storage system. This paper introduces the Geochemical Assessment Report Data Extracted database (GARDEd), which is specifically designed to store these data. Initially, GARDEd was constructed using data from assessment reports from a 75 km radius of the Casino deposit in the Yukon, but this spatial limit was subsequently removed. The initial release of the database contains geochemical data describing more than 300 000 surficial samples from more than 300 assessment reports submitted after 2004. 

The structure of GARDEd follows the data model developed by the British Columbia Geological Survey for storing surficial geochemical sample data acquired from their assessment reports. This paper outlines the structure of the database and discusses the workflow for extracting the data. The paper also describes a custom Python tool developed to automate data extraction from digital assessment reports.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
2004–05 Supplementary estimates no. 2

Supplementary estimates no. 2 for the Government of Yukon 2004–05 Budget. 
This document was prepared by the Department of Finance under the direction of Management Board for the 1st Session of the 31st Legislature, Yukon Legislative Assembly. March 2005, Whitehorse, Yukon.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Yukon Mining, Development and Exploration Overview 2006

This volume contains overviews on Yukon Mining, Development and Exploration, Placer Mining, the Mining Incentives Program, and activities of the Yukon Geological Survey.

Mineral exploration in Yukon has reached record levels with over $80 million spent on the search for base and precious metals, coal, gemstones and uranium in 2006. Exploration for gold attracted the largest share of the exploration dollars, capturing 35%, followed by zinc at 22%, uranium 15%, copper 12%, silver 7%, tungsten and molybdenum 6%, and the remainder being spent on coal and gemstones. Mine development expenditures have also increased dramatically with an estimated $50 million being spent on the Minto mine, which is scheduled to be in production in the second quarter of 2007. The total development costs at Minto are estimated to be $107 million. Exploration activity at all levels in Yukon, from grassroots stages to advanced exploration, has experienced a dramatic increase. A total of 70 of the approximately 150 exploration projects in Yukon had expenditures of greater than $100 000, with 21 of these projects spending more than $1 million.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Analyses of regional wetland distribution using predictive ecosystem mapping data sets for west-central Yukon and east-central Alaska

Predictive ecosystem mapping (PEM) in west-central Yukon and east-central Alaska effectively defines the location of larger, contiguous wetlands; however, it does not provide an accurate estimate of wetland. A quality control comparison between detailed mapping in the Indian River drainage and a regional PEM data set indicates that wetland area is underestimated by approximately two thirds within the PEM data set. Despite this, the PEM is useful at locating areas of wetland abundance from a regional perspective. Within the Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in Traditional Territory, the Ogilvie Mountains and Tintina Trench contain the largest concentrations of wetlands, whereas the Klondike Plateau has approximately 50% less wetland density due to topographic characteristics. When analyzing wetland distribution for the Klondike Plateau ecoregion that spans the border between Yukon and Alaska, the largest wetlands are located distal to the Yukon River in valleys that have not been affected by Pleistocene base level change. Overall average wetland coverage, for all study areas, is estimated to be upwards of 10% of the landscape. Their abundance is attributed to a combination of suitable terrain, Pleistocene aeolian sedimentation, periglacial processes and a climate supporting extensive discontinuous permafrost. Understanding regional wetland distribution through PEM can help frame significance when considering land management decisions that weight the placer mining economy and environment.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
The Carmacks Hydrothermal Event: An Alteration Study in the Southern Dawson Range, Yukon

Gold-rich polymetallic vein deposits, and gold-copper porphyry deposits, occur along a northwesterly trend across the southern Dawson Range. Vein mineralization is hosted by lithologic units ranging from the Proterozoic-Paleozoic. Basement Metamorphic Complex, through the mid-Cretaceous Mt. Nansen volcanics, to the Late Cretaceous Carmacks volcanics. The mineralized areas also contain numerous porphyry dykes that are spatially associated with gold veins, and historically have been thought to be genetically linked to them. Dykes belonging to both the Mt. Nansen and Carmacks Groups are present, although Mt. Nansen dykes are the more common. Dykes proximal to mineralized veins are strongly altered to sericite and clay.

Volcanic and subvolcanic rocks of the Mt. Nansen and Carmacks Groups can be distinguished chemically on the basis of their K content; the Mt. Nansen Group is high-K calc-alkaline suite while the Carmacks Group is a shoshonitic suite. Radiometric age determinations constrain the age of the Carmacks Group to approximately 70 Ma, while the age of the Mt. Nansen Group is approximately 105 Ma. K/Ar dates for altered Mt. Nansen dykes, however, range from 94 to 61 Ma, reflecting resetting of Mt. Nansen ages by a Carmacks-age hydrothermal event. This hydrothermal event appears to have been responsible for much of the mineralization in the southern Dawson Range.

Alteration in porphyritic dykes proximal to mineralization is characterized by a strong depletion of Na, reflecting the replacement of feldspar by sericite and clay minerals. Altered dykes also display a general depletion in the ore metals Pb, Zn, and Cu, suggesting that these elements were mobilized from the host rocks during alteration and precipitated in nearby gold-rich base metal veins. As, Sb, and Au, however, appear to have been introduced directly form the hydrothermal fluid.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Reconnaissance geological and geochemical studies of the Joe Mountain Formation, Joe Mountain region (NTS 105D/15), Yukon

The Joe Mountain area of the Yukon contains Middle Triassic to Upper Triassic volcanic, sedimentary and intrusive rocks of the Stikine Terrane. The Ladinian (~237 to 228 Ma) rocks of the Joe Mountain Formation of Stikinia are divided into four units, including: 1) a lowermost mafic-ultramafic complex (mTJM4); 2) a lower basalt-flow-dominated unit (mTJM3); 3) a volcaniclastic- and sedimentary-rockdominated unit; and 4) and uppermost unit of black pillow basalts and volcaniclastic rocks (mTJM4). In the Joe Mountain Formation there is a general increase in the abundance of volcaniclastic and sedimentary material, and a decrease in flow material, away from Joe Mountain suggesting that Joe Mountain is a volcanic centre. Hematite-magnetite iron formation was discovered in 2004 interlayered with unit mTJM3 basalts. These iron formations have anomalous metal concentrations, but more importantly, have hydrothermal geochemical signatures (e.g., high Fe/Al ratios) similar to volcanogenic massive sulphide-associated iron formations globally.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Character and metallogeny of Permian, Jurassic and Cretaceous plutons in the southern Yukon-Tanana Terrane

Between the Swift and Nisutlin rivers, unmetamorphosed granite to ultramafic intrusions of four ages (from Permian through Cretaceous) span the amalgamation of Cassiar Platform with Yukon-Tanana and Cache Creek terranes. The mid-Permian granitic Ram Stock and two plutons cutting the Sylvester Allochthon lie at the edge of the Dorsey Complex, a remnant of an ancient passive margin succession that underlies the volcanic arcs of Yukon-Tanana Terrane. Middle Jurassic, locally foliated granodiorite to gabbro intrusions are metaluminous, and high in Sr and low in Ti compared to the Cretaceous suite. These `I-type volcanic arc plutons may be the remnants of an overlapping arc correlative with the Quesnel Terrane. The Cretaceous (113 to 98 Ma) meta- to peraluminous granites are late orogenic incipient `A-type plutons from highly fractionated F- and Cl-rich magmas. These generated extensive hydrothermal systems that produced tin, tungsten, molybdenum and beryl occurrences.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
U-Pb zircon age and Pb isotopic constraints on the age and origin of porphyry and epithermal vein mineralization in the eastern Dawson Range, Yukon

Six dikes that are closely associated with the Klaza epithermal vein system in the Mt. Nansen district yield early Late Cretaceous U-Pb zircon ages (78.2-76.3 Ma); this age is similar to that obtained from the porphyry stock that hosts the Cyprus Cu-Mo-Au porphyry occurrence immediately to the southeast. These results support the interpretation that epithermal veins in the Mt. Nansen district are likely genetically related to subvolcanic magmatism. Granodiorite of the Dawson Range batholith that underlies most of the Klaza property gives a U-Pb zircon age of 107.9±0.3 Ma. These dates overlap with previously reported mid-Cretaceous U-Pb zircon ages for felsic dikes associated with the Brown-McDade and related vein and breccia deposits in the Mt. Nansen mine. The new results, together with regional dating and Pb isotopic data from western Yukon, emphasize the metallogenic importance of the “early Late Cretaceous” magmatic-hydrothermal event in this region.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Massive Sulphide Deposits in the Yukon-Tanana and Adjacent Terranes

Recent discoveries of at least two types of volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits hosted in varying terranes have greatly expanded the mineral potential of the Yukon Territory. Kuroko style deposits at Kudz Ze Kayah and Wolverine are hosted by an Early Mississippian felsic metavolcanic and carbonaceous sedimentary package within the Yukon-Tanana Terrane in the Finlayson Lake area. The massive sulphide lenses at Wolverine have spectacular grades and constitute a geological resources, as of November 1996, of 5,311,000 tonnes with 1.81 g/t Au, 359.1 g/t Ag, 1.41% Cu, 1.53% Pb and 12.96% Zn. New discoveries at the Fyre Lake and Ice properties continue to expand the volcanic hosted massive sulphide potential of the Finlayson Lake area. Fyre Lake is a copper-cobalt-gold Besshi-type deposit hosted by chlorite schist. Towards the end of the season DDH 65 at Fyre Lake intersected 31.3 m of 2.29% Cu, 0.53 gpt Au and 0.07% Co. The enigmatic, ""Cyprus-type"", Ice occurrence has copper-cobalt mineralization in mafic volcanic rocks that are interpreted to belong to the Slide Mountain Terrane. The last hole of the season, DDH IC96-34 intersected 20.56 m of massive pyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite with grades of 5.2% Cu, 0.6 gpt Au, 25 gpt Ag and 0.6% Co. Prior to discovery of Ice, volcanic hosted massive sulphide mineralization was unknown in the Slide Mountain Terrane in the Yukon.

The Yukon-Tanana and Slide Mountain Terranes are not restricted to the Finlayson Lake area but cover a considerable portion of the Yukon Territory. West of Dawson the Yukon-Tanana Terrane contains several exhalite occurrences in the Devono-Missisippian Nasina Assemblage and the Permian Klondike Schist. Devono-Mississippian strata in the Yukon-Tanana Terrane may correlate with similar aged units in the Pelly-Cassiar Platform and Selwyn Basin where there are several massive sulphide occurrences. The Marg Deposit occurs at the northern edge of the Selwyn Basin; the MM, Bnob and Chzerpnough properties are hosted by extension related, pyritic, brecciated, felsic metavolcanic rocks within the Pelly-Cassiar Platform. The Yukon-Tanana Terrane extends westward into the Delta District of Alaska where there are at least 26 stratiform and replacement massive sulphide deposits and occurrences. Strata potentially correlative with the Yukon-Tanana Terrane hosts several volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits and occurrences in northern British Columbia.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Preliminary stable isotope and geochemical investigation of carbonate in the Klondike district

Carbonate is an important component of gold-bearing quartz veins in the Klondike district, and also makes up an under-recognized proportion of the Klondike schist host rocks. The predominantly metavolcanic Klondike schist contains carbonate as disseminated porphyroblasts and as coarse quartz-carbonate segregations, and contains rare layers of marble. Chemical staining and LA-ICP-MS analyses reveal that, irrespective of paragenesis, carbonate is dominated by Mg-Fe-Mn calcite. Laser spectroscopic analyses of C and O isotopes reveal that marble is a 13C-enriched isotopic reservoir compared to carbonate in micaceous schist. Carbonate in gold-stage veins has a similar isotopic signature to carbonate in metamorphic segregations and porphyroblasts in the host rocks. We tentatively interpret these results to indicate that the CO2 component of vein carbonate has been remobilized from local sources during brittle deformation. The results of this study may bear on interpreting the scale of rock-fluid interaction during orogenic gold mineralization in the area.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon