AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Historic mercury and heavy metal deposition in Flin Flon, Manitoba reconstructed from lake sediment cores

The Flin Flon copper–zinc smelter is a site of concern as it has been the largest single source of atmospheric mercury emissions in Canada until operations ceased on July 1, 2010. The smelting and mining activities resulted in mercury contamination to the local environment. Elevated levels of mercury and other trace metals were found in soil humus, peat, plants, fish and sediment cores. 


The Flin Flon smelter of the Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company is located near the Manitoba–Saskatchewan border, 600 km Northwest of Winnipeg and over 400 km away from other major industrial complexes.This study examined nine lakes (Nekik, Douglas, Loucks, Phantom, McClurg, Cleaver, Naosep, Hamel, and Meridian) each lake was located at varying differences within 75 km of the smelter stack these lakes were selected for sediment coring analysis and heavy metal deposition trends.


Given the significant legacy of contamination of the Flin Flon region by mercury and other heavy metals emitted by the smelter complex, the region should remain a concern and deserves further study.


All data are subjects of a publication containing method details, full QA/QC, interpretations and conclusions. Citation: 


J. A. Wiklund, J. L. Kirk, D. C.G. Muir, M. Evans, F. Yang, J. Keating, M. T. Parsons. 2017. Anthropogenic mercury deposition in Flin Flon Manitoba and the Experimental Lakes Area Ontario (Canada): a multi-lake sediment core reconstruction. Science of the Total Environment 586, 685695.


Supplemental Information


The Climate Change and Air Pollution (CCAP) program was established in 2016 to identify the severity and extent of adverse impacts of current and future air emissions on aquatic ecosystems to support regulatory actions and policy development. The program includes a number of components, including identifying, monitoring and defining air quality and greenhouse gas (GHG) concerns; improving our understanding of the short- and long-term effects of atmospheric pollutants on the environment; developing a plan to combat climate change; and monitoring and reducing both domestic and transboundary emissions of GHGs. The program is also responsible for identifying and studying emerging issues including multipollutant impacts, major urban sources, and effects of increasing heat on air pollutant formation, among others. 


On-going cooperation and support with the Provinces and Territories, international governments and organizations and academia are vital to deliver these priorities to Canadians.


Supporting Projects: 

Climate Change and Air Pollutants (CCAP) 

Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA)

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Historic mercury and heavy metal deposition in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia reconstructed from lake sediment cores

Kejimkujik National Park, in Nova Scotia, Canada, is a sensitive region for heavy metal contamination, such as mercury, in part due to long-range atmospheric deposition from global and regional industrial regions. The region is remote from industrial centres, but is downwind of major pollution sources in North America and Canada, and historically had numerous gold mining sites. The region has also experienced anthropogenic acidification from sulphate deposition over the 20th century, which has resulted in limnological conditions favourable for mercury (Hg) methylation within Kejimkujik lakes. Kejimkujik is therefore known to be a hotspot for methylmercury (MeHg) bioaccumulation and biomagnification, with the highest mercury concentrations detected within common loon (Gavia immer) populations across Canada and North America. Due to a paucity of long-term atmospheric deposition monitoring in this region, little is known about the response of Kejimkujik lakes to multiple changing global, regional, and local atmospheric mercury and metals sources. Here we use multiple lake sediment cores to reconstruct anthropogenic depositional fluxes of 45 elements, including mercury and heavy metals of concern for the last ~150 years.


All data are subjects of a publication containing method details, full QA/QC, interpretations and conclusions. Citation:


Roberts, J.L. Kirk, J.A. Wiklund, D.C.G. Muir, F. Yang, A. Gleason, G. Lawson. 2019. Mercury and metal(loid) deposition to remote Nova Scotia lakes from both local and distant sources. Science of the Total Environment 675, 192-202.


Supplemental Information


The Climate Change and Air Pollution (CCAP) program was established in 2016 to identify the severity and extent of adverse impacts of current and future air emissions on aquatic ecosystems to support regulatory actions and policy development. The program includes a number of components, including identifying, monitoring and defining air quality and greenhouse gas (GHG) concerns; improving our understanding of the short- and long-term effects of atmospheric pollutants on the environment; developing a plan to combat climate change; and monitoring and reducing both domestic and transboundary emissions of GHGs. The program is also responsible for identifying and studying emerging issues including multipollutant impacts, major urban sources, and effects of increasing heat on air pollutant formation, among others. 


On-going cooperation and support with the Provinces and Territories, international governments and organizations and academia are vital to deliver these priorities to Canadians.


Supporting Projects:

Climate Change and Air Pollutants (CCAP)

Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA)

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Historic mercury and heavy metal deposition in the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) reconstructed from lake sediment cores

The Experimental Lakes Area (ELA), in Ontario, Canada, is a sensitive region for heavy metal contamination, such as mercury, in part due to long-range atmospheric deposition from global and regional industrial regions. The region is remote from industrial centres, but is downwind of major pollution sources in North America and Canada, and historically had numerous gold mining sites.


Supplemental Information


The Climate Change and Air Pollution (CCAP) program was established in 2016 to identify the severity and extent of adverse impacts of current and future air emissions on aquatic ecosystems to support regulatory actions and policy development. The program includes a number of components, including identifying, monitoring and defining air quality and greenhouse gas (GHG) concerns; improving our understanding of the short- and long-term effects of atmospheric pollutants on the environment; developing a plan to combat climate change; and monitoring and reducing both domestic and transboundary emissions of GHGs. The program is also responsible for identifying and studying emerging issues including multipollutant impacts, major urban sources, and effects of increasing heat on air pollutant formation, among others. 


On-going cooperation and support with the Provinces and Territories, international governments and organizations and academia are vital to deliver these priorities to Canadians.


Supporting Projects: 

Climate Change and Air Pollutants (CCAP)

Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA)

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Snow and Wet Precipitation, Oil Sands Region

Assess the importance of atmospheric deposition of contaminants as a contributor to ecological impacts of oil sands development and identify sources. 

               • Use snowpack measurements sampled across a gridwork to develop maps of winter-time atmospheric contaminant loadings for the region ~100 km from the major upgrading facilities 

               • Assess long-term trends in winter-time atmospheric deposition 

               • Determine the potential impact of wintertime snowpack mercury loads on tributary river water mercury concentrations (Spring Freshet) using Geographic Information System and hydrological modelling approaches

               • Compare snowpack loadings to those obtained from precipitation monitoring and compare spatial patterns to PAC air measurements obtained from passive sampling network

All data are subjects of a publication containing method details, full QA/QC, interpretations and conclusions. Citations:

A. Dastoor, A. Ryjkov, G. Kos, J. Zhang, J.L. Kirk, M. Parsons, A. Steffen. 2021. Impact of Athabasca oil sands operations on mercury levels in air and deposition. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, 12783-12807. 

L. Chibwe, D.C.G. Muir, Y. Gopalapillai, D. Shang, F. Yang, J.L. Kirk, C. Manzano, B. Atkinson, X. Wang, C. Teixeira. 2021. Long-term spatial and temporal trends, and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic compounds in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region. Environmental Pollution 268A, 115351. 

J. Culp, I. Droppo, P. di Cenzo, A. Alexander-Trusiak, D. Baird, S. Beltaos, G. Bickerton, B. Bonsal, R. Brua, P. Chambers, Y. Dibike, N. Glozier, J.L. Kirk, L. Levesque, M. McMaster, D.C.G. Muir, J. Parrott, D. Peters, K. Pippy, J. Roy. 2021. Ecological effects and causal synthesis of oil sands activity impacts on river ecosystems: water synthesis review. Environmental Reviews 29. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0082. 

Y. Gopalapillai, J. L. Kirk, M.S. Landis, D.C.G. Muir, C.A. Cooke, C.A., A. Gleason, A. Ho, E. Kelly, D. Schindler, X. Wang, G. Lawson. 2019. Source analysis of pollutant elements in winter air deposition in the Athabasca oil sands region: A Temporal and Spatial Study. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 38, 1656-1668. 

W. Wasiuta, J.L. Kirk, P.A. Chambers, A.C. Alexander, F.R. Wyatt, R.C. Rooney, C.A. Cooke. 2019. Accumulating mercury and methylmercury burdens in watersheds impacted by oil sands pollution. Environmental Science & Technology 53, 12856-12864. 

C. Manzano, D. Muir, J. L. Kirk, C. Teixeira, M. Siu, X. Wang, J.P. Charland, D. Schindler, E. Kelly. 2016. Temporal variation in the deposition of polycyclic aromatic compounds in snow in the Athabasca Oil Sands area of Alberta. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188, 542. 

and

J.L. Kirk, D. Muir, A. Gleason, X, Wang, R. Frank, I. Lehnherr, F. Wrona. 2014. Atmospheric deposition of mercury and methyl mercury to landscapes and waterbodies of the Athabasca oil sands region. Environmental Science & Technology 48, 73747383.

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Global Environmental eMuLator

The Global Environmental eMuLator (GEML) is a component of the experimental Global Deterministic Prediction System (GDPS) and is an artificial intelligence (AI)-based weather emulator trained on past atmospheric states. More specifically, this GEML model is based on data compatible with the ¼°, 13-level version of the GraphCast model (Lam et al. 2023) from DeepMind. It was trained and refined by ECCC, using ECMWF's ERA5 data (1979-2016) and operational analyses (2016-2021). The weights have been recalculated and are also available to the public. Forecasts are carried out twice daily, each with a 10-day lead time. It generates the reference large-scale temperature and horizontal wind fields, toward which GDPS's GEM forecasts are spectrally nudged. The geographical coverage is global with a horizontal resolution of 28 km. Data is available on 13 pressure levels, and employs a uniform latitude-longitude grid with 0.25-degree grid resolution. Six atmospheric variables defined on the 13 pressure levels, along with 4 surface variables are available every 6 hours.

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement: benefits for the British Columbia interior

Archived and Outdated Information: This publication is out of date and should be referenced for research or recordkeeping purposes only. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. You can request an alternate version of our publications by email at Accessibilite-accessibility@international.gc.ca or telephone at 1-800-267-8376.

This fact sheet highlights the benefits of the Canada–European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) for businesses in British Columbia’s Interior. It outlines opportunities for exporters and service providers—particularly in forestry, mining, and related services—through improved market access, tariff elimination, and investment protections.

Organization: Global Affairs Canada | Affaires mondiales Canada
Global Sea-Ice Analysis System

Environment and Climate Change Canada provides global sea-ice analysis fields produced by its operational Global Deterministic Prediction System (GDPS) and interpolated to a rotated latitude-longitude grid with 0.09 x 0.09 degree resolution. The data files are in NetCDF format (NetCDF-4 classic model) and comply with the Climate and Forecast Conventions. The Global Sea-Ice Analysis System is an analysis system based on 3D-Var assimilation covering all waters (ocean and lakes) at a 10km horizontal resolution on a YIN-YANG grid and using a 6 hours persistence forecast for the background state. This analysis assimilates 4 times a day satellite remote sensing data and Canadian Ice Service ice charts.

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Yukon Boreal Bird Monitoring Program (BBMP) - human point counts

The Boreal Bird Monitoring Program (BBMP) - Yukon is a multi-species terrestrial bird monitoring program to support the Boreal Monitoring Strategy and conservation planning of terrestrial birds (landbirds, secretive waterbirds, shorebirds) in all boreal ecoregions in Yukon. 

Background: BBMP is a comprehensive (all 22 ecoregions and all habitat/vegetation types), statistically rigorous, hierarchical sampling design (Boreal Optimal Sampling Strategy or BOSS) that includes cost constraints, habitat stratification, and spatial balance. The BOSS design was tested in multiple jurisdictions in Canada. and is being implemented across Canada’s boreal region. For more information on BBMP, see Van Wilgenburg et al. (2020) (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234494).

Avian monitoring is limited both spatially and temporally within Canada’s boreal regions, especially in northern regions. As a result, the Canadian Wildlife Service has developed the BOSS, a national framework for the use of a standardized sampling design to monitor boreal landbirds in a cost-effective way. Between 2017-2023, human point counts were conducted by the migratory birds unit of CWS-NOR in Whitehorse, Yukon across 16 Yukon ecoregions (Klondike Plateau, Yukon Plateau Central, Yukon Plateau North, Mackenzie Mountains, North Ogilvie Mountains, British-Richardson Mountains, Old Crow Flats, Old Crow Basin, Eagle Plains, Liard Basin, Pelly Mountains, Ruby Ranges, Selwyn Mountains, Yukon-Stikine Highlands, Yukon Southern Lakes, and St. Elias Mountains). Human point counts consisted of observers identifying to species (where possible) every bird heard and seen in ten minutes at a specific location to determine the number of individuals per species and time to first detection. Incidental observations either before or after the point count were also recorded. Point counts were conducted during the dawn chorus (2AM-9AM). This project provides important baseline data to better understand species distribution and abundance in remote northern areas where the effects of climate changes are ongoing and human alterations of some of these ecosystems are anticipated.

Note that some location names were changed through the time of the study. See the cross-reference table.

This dataset contains data collected with point counts conducted by humans. See the separate dataset record for BBMP Autonomous Recording Unit (ARU) point counts conducted in 2017-2023.


More details are available in downloaded metadata file.


CWS-North DatasetID: 24_01

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Yukon High Elevation Monitoring Program (HEMP) - human point counts

The High Elevation Monitoring Program (HEMP) - Yukon is a multi-species terrestrial bird monitoring program to support the Boreal Monitoring Strategy and conservation planning of terrestrial birds (landbirds, shorebirds) in southern boreal ecoregions in Yukon. 


 The absence of long-term monitoring data from structured (e.g. North American Breeding Bird Survey) and unstructured (e.g. Christmas Bird Count, eBird) monitoring programs in regions characterized by remote, rugged mountains, sparse trail and road access, and small human populations limits efforts to detect distribution shifts and population declines for northern mountain bird species. We used a modified version of the BOSS sampling design and the Boreal Bird Monitoring Program (BBMP) design implemented throughout Yukon ecoregions to create the High Elevation Monitoring Program (HEMP) design. We restricted the sampling frame to (1) mountains in southwest Yukon with a hiking or access trail, and (2) a sampling area of two km total width on each mountain (one km on each side of the hiking/access trail). To conduct sampling across elevational gradients at each of our 10 HEMP mountains and achieve habitat representation and spatial balance, we created an elevational transect by selecting five random sample sites within each habitat zone within the sampling frame (low boreal forest, high boreal forest, subalpine, alpine). The HEMP was designed to facilitate cost-effective, reliable, and safe access for observers hiking in rugged mountain terrain at our 10 HEMP mountains to conduct long-term monitoring of terrestrial birds. In 2019, human point counts were conducted by the migratory birds unit of CWS-NOR in Whitehorse, Yukon along elevational gradients on ten mountains across the Yukon Southern Lakes, St. Elias Mountains, Ruby Ranges, Pelly Mountains, and Yukon Stikine Highland ecoregions in Yukon, and the Northern Coastal Mountain ecoregion in British Columbia (pilot program). Human point counts consisted of observers identifying to species (where possible) every bird heard and seen in ten minutes at a specific location to determine the number of individuals per species and time to first detection. Incidental observations either before or after the point count were also recorded. Point counts were conducted during or just after the dawn chorus (4AM-11AM). This project provides important baseline data to better understand species distribution and abundance in remote northern areas where climate changes are ongoing and human alterations of these ecosystems are anticipated.


This dataset contains data collected with point counts conducted by humans. See the separate dataset record for HEMP Autonomous Recording Unit (ARU) point counts conducted in 2019-2024.


More details are available in the downloaded metadata file.


CWS-North DatasetID: 055_0

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Opening new markets in Europe: creating jobs and opportunities for Canadians - an overview

Archived and Outdated Information: This publication is out of date and should be referenced for research or recordkeeping purposes only. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. You can request an alternate version of our publications by email at Accessibilite-accessibility@international.gc.ca or telephone at 1-800-267-8376.

This publication provides an overview of the Canada–European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), outlining its scope, objectives, and key provisions. It explains how the agreement aims to reduce trade barriers, expand market access, and support economic growth and employment across Canada.

Organization: Global Affairs Canada | Affaires mondiales Canada
The Japan Science & Technology Fund: a Government of Canada program

Archived and Outdated Information: This publication is out of date and should be referenced for research or recordkeeping purposes only. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. You can request an alternate version of our publications by email at Accessibilite-accessibility@international.gc.ca or telephone at 1-800-267-8376.

This document describes the Japan Science and Technology Fund (JSTF), a Government of Canada program established to promote scientific and technological collaboration between Canada and Japan. It outlines the Fund’s objectives, eligible activities, funding parameters, and application process for Canadian researchers and organizations.

Organization: Global Affairs Canada | Affaires mondiales Canada
The economic impact of the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement

Archived and Outdated Information: This publication is out of date and should be referenced for research or recordkeeping purposes only. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. You can request an alternate version of our publications by email at Accessibilite-accessibility@international.gc.ca or telephone at 1-800-267-8376.

This study examines the economic impacts of the Canada–Chile Free Trade Agreement (CCFTA) fifteen years after its entry into force. It analyzes changes in bilateral trade, investment, and economic welfare, highlighting the significant role of new trade, tariff elimination, and non‑tariff effects such as services and investment liberalization.

Organization: Global Affairs Canada | Affaires mondiales Canada
Independent Panel on Canada's Future Role in Afghanistan

Archived and Outdated Information: This publication is out of date and should be referenced for research or recordkeeping purposes only. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. You can request an alternate version of our publications by email at Accessibilite-accessibility@international.gc.ca or telephone at 1-800-267-8376.

On October 12, 2007 Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced the creation of an Independent Panel on Canada’s Future Role in Afghanistan, which will review, analyse and make recommendations on Canada’s engagement in Afghanistan beyond February 2009.

Organization: Global Affairs Canada | Affaires mondiales Canada
Experimental estimates for research and development activities in Canadian higher education, by institution type

Research and development (R&amp;D) activities carried out by colleges, universities and other higher education institutions in Canada. R&amp;D activities include, but are not limited to: R&amp;D related to emerging technologies, utilization of centralized research office, partnership development, students involved in partnerships, contracting, clinical trials and collaborative R&amp;D.<br>

Organization: Statistics Canada | Statistique Canada
Securing Canada's place in Asia-Pacific: a focus on Southeast Asia

Archived and Outdated Information: This publication is out of date and should be referenced for research or recordkeeping purposes only. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. You can request an alternate version of our publications by email at Accessibilite-accessibility@international.gc.ca or telephone at 1-800-267-8376.

The report highlights Canada’s need for a long‑term, whole‑of‑country strategy to deepen engagement in the Asia‑Pacific—especially Southeast Asia—across trade, security, governance, and people‑to‑people ties. It stresses ASEAN’s growing importance and provides 12 recommendations focused on economic integration, security cooperation, human rights, education partnerships, and targeted bilateral priorities for Indonesia, Burma (Myanmar), Singapore, and the Philippines.

Organization: Global Affairs Canada | Affaires mondiales Canada