AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Individual Tax Statistics by Area (ITSA) (Tax Year 2018)

Individual Tax Statistics by Area data present personal income tax data based on geographic area. The statistics are compiled by province and territory, as well as for all of Canada. The tables provide income and taxation statistics by specific geographic area, tax status classification, total income class, source of income class, and gender. The Individual Tax Statistics by Area publication for the 2018 tax year is comprised of four tables compiled from the Income Tax and Benefit Returns processed for the 2018 tax year. The dollar amount fields contain the most recent tax year assessment or reassessment information of all 2018 tax returns assessed up to June 30, 2020. Individual Tax Statistics by Area data are also published on the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) website. Please consult the CRA website for an explanation of changes that have been incorporated to these tables.

Organization: Canada Revenue Agency | Agence du revenu du Canada
Individual Tax Statistics by Forward Sortation Area (FSA) − 2020 Edition (2018 tax year)

Individual Tax Statistics by Forward Sortation Area data present personal income tax data based on forward sortation areas. The statistics are compiled by province and territory, as well as for all of Canada. These data tables provide income statistics, Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA) statistics, Goods and Services Tax/Harmonized Sales Tax (GST/HST) credit statistics, Child Care Benefit (CCB) statistics by specific geographic area, income range, source of income, age and sex for the 2018 tax year. Individual Tax Statistics by Forward Sortation Area data are also published on the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) website. Please consult the CRA website for an explanation of changes that have been incorporated to these tables.

Organization: Canada Revenue Agency | Agence du revenu du Canada
Turkey Lakes Watershed Study

The Turkey Lakes Watershed Study (TLWS) was established in 1979 and is one of the longest running ecosystem studies in Canada. It is 10.5 km2 and is located approximately 60 km north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario at the northern margin of the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest region. Researchers from Natural Resources Canada, Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada established the research watershed to evaluate the impacts of acid rain on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Since its inception, the study has taken a multi-disciplinary approach to investigating the processes that govern ecosystem responses to natural and anthropogenic perturbations.  
  
  The goal of the TLWS is to obtain a whole-ecosystem analysis of the biogeochemical processes operating at the site. This permits system models to be developed and validated. The holistic approach that has been adopted from the outset allows research to evolve and expand from its original acidification focus to include evaluations of other environmental issues.  
  
  Partnerships and collaboration are part of the founding principles behind the TLWS to improve our ability to measure, model and predict effects of human activity on ecosystem function. Over time, research and monitoring have expanded to explore the effects of forest harvesting, climate change, aquatic habitat manipulations and toxic contaminants. Advancements of our scientific knowledge of forest ecosystems and a baseline of long-term environmental data enables study results to inform Canadian governments on environmental policy and forest management legislation.  
  
  Hydrological, meteorological, and vegetation data collected by scientists at the Great Lakes Forestry Centre is included in this directory. Experimental sites and scientific investigations in the TLW are summarized in the compendium document. Visit our website at:

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Turkey Lakes Watershed- Benthic Invertebrates and Stream Ecosystem Surveys

The Turkey Lakes Watershed (TLW) Study was established in 1979 by several federal government departments (Natural Resources Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada) to study the impacts of acid rain on aquatic and forest ecosystems but has since expanded to include other research on toxic contaminants, forest harvesting, habitat modification, and climate change. The TLW is a mixed hardwood forest with a 10.5 km squared area in the Canada Shield that drains into Lake Superior, and has been the focus of many interdisciplinary, whole-ecosystem studies on environmental issues.   
  
  Benthic invertebrates, or insects found at the bottom of waterbodies, can be key indicators of stream health and play important roles in nutrient cycling and the food chain. In 1995, a project within the TLW aimed to evaluate how stream ecosystems respond to tree harvesting, which involved long-term surveys of benthic invertebrate communities pre- and post-harvest. Three stream catchments (c31, c33, c34) were harvested at different intensities in the summer of 1997 and were compared to multiple undisturbed catchments. Alongside the invertebrate data, corresponding stream habitat surveys, streamside litterfall traps, leaf decomposition, deposition of stream particulate matter, and standing sediment bedload data was collected during the same period. The data was collected from 1995-2009 by researchers at the Canadian Forest Service (Great Lakes Forestry Centre).  
  
  This dataset is a rare and valuable resource because there are very few existing long-term datasets of benthic invertebrates from the same locations, and because this dataset is integrated with other biological and chemical datasets within the broader TLW database stored at the Open Government data repository. For an overview of other types of data available from the TLW, see https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14109, and for a complete list of publications that have been produced from data collected at this site, see https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/turkey-lakes-watershed-study/publications.html.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Impact of Avian Predation on Spruce Budworm

This dataset is associated with the article authored by Jacques Régnière, Lisa Venier and Dan Welsh entitled "Avian predation in a declining outbreak population of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)" which will be published in the "Insects" scientific journal.

The impact of avian predation on a declining population of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumifereana (Clem.), was measured using single-tree exclosure cages in a mature stand of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.), and white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss. Bird population censuses and observations of foraging and nest-feeding activity were also made to determine the response of budworm-linked species to decreasing food availability.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Canada Energy Regulator 2020–21 Fees Report

The Service Fees Act (SFA) provides a modern legislative framework that enables cost-effective delivery of services and, through better reporting to Parliament, improves transparency and oversight.  
The Canadian Energy Regulator Act (CER Act) has an explicit legislative exemption from the SFA. Pursuant to the Interpretation Act, the National Energy Board Cost Recovery Regulations remain in effect for the CER until new cost recovery regulations are made under the CER Act. Launched in the summer of 2019, the CER’s first full fiscal year in operation was 2020-21. While the CER’s first full fiscal year in operation was overshadowed by the pandemic, the organization made significant progress in advancing its important work as the country’s national energy regulator.  This year’s report continues to provide detail on each fee, such as the type and rate of adjustment, the service standard, and the performance result. This information provides context on each fee, in the spirit of open and transparent fee management.

Organization: Canada Energy Regulator | La Régie de l’énergie du Canada
Public Health Agency of Canada's Fees Report - 2020-21

This report, which is tabled under section 20 of the Service Fees Act and section 4.2.8 of the Directive on Charging and Special Financial authorities, contains information about the fees that Public Health Agency of Canada had the authority to charge in the 2020-21 fiscal year

Organization: Public Health Agency of Canada | Agence de la santé publique du Canada
Our Health, Our Environment: A Snapshot of Environmental Health in Canada

Today it is widely recognized that human health is affected by changes to our environment and that these changes can have a positive or negative impact on our health. Developments such as the expansion of urban living environments and advanced sanitation systems have greatly contributed to improvements in population health over the last century, namely by increasing access to safe food and water. Similarly, pollution, climatic uncertainties and some significant aspects of industrial and urban development have had some negative impacts on our health.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Is Your Home Healthy : Easy Steps to Maintaining a Healthy Home – Environmental health guide for seniors at home

It's important that the places we call home are healthy environments, for ourselves and our visitors. Risks to health can occur in any home through environmental factors from nature itself, products we use, the air we breathe, or sometimes from the food we eat, or the water we drink. This guide talks about common health risks and tips you can use to help ensure a healthy home environment.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Previous nuclear incidents and accidents: Fukushima

On March 11, 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake triggered a severe nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan. The accident culminated in significant releases of radioactive contaminants into the environment beginning March 12, 2011. The emissions were of significant domestic concern in Japan and resulted in low but measurable levels of radioactive contaminants world-wide. The damaged nuclear power reactors in Japan do not pose a health risk to residents of British Columbia or the rest of Canada.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Dimethoate

Dimethoate is an organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide used for the control of houseflies, as well as a wide range of insects and mites on a variety of fruit, vegetable, field and forestry crops. More than 100 000 kg are used annually in Canada. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for dimethoate in drinking water is 0.02 mg/L (20 µg/L).

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Diquat

Diquat (C12H12N2) is a bipyridyl herbicide generally marketed as a dibromide salt or a dichloride monohydrate. It is used as a pre-harvest desiccant for various seed crops, for potato haulm destruction and for the control of aquatic weeds. Less than 100 000 kg are used annually in Canada; 96% of this amount is applied as a harvest aid. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for diquat (measured as the cation) in drinking water is 0.07 mg/L (70 µg/L).

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Diclofop–methyl

Diclofop-methyl is a chlorophenoxy derivative used in large quantities for the control of annual grasses in grain and vegetable crops. Diclofop-methyl is relatively soluble in water and common organic solvents. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for diclofop-methyl in drinking water is 0.009 mg/L (9  µ g/L).

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Dichlorobenzenes

Dichlorobenzenes (DCBs) are chlorinated aromatic compounds. There are three DCB isomers: 1,2-DCB, 1,3-DCB and 1,4-DCB. 1,2- and 1,3-DCB are liquids at room temperature, whereas 1,4-DCB is a solid with a melting point of 53°C. The maximum acceptable concentrations (MAC) and aesthetic objectives (AO) for 1,2- and 1,4-dichlorobenzene in drinking water are presented on this guide.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Chromium

Chromium occurs naturally in small amounts in rocks and soils, some of which is released into the aquatic environment through weathering and erosion processes. This guideline technical document reviews and assesses all identified health risks associated with chromium in drinking water. It incorporates new studies and approaches and takes into consideration the availability of appropriate treatment technology. A maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 0.05 mg/L (50 µg/L) is established for total chromium in drinking water. 

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Diazinon

Diazinon (C12H21N2O3PS) is an organophosphorus insecticide used for the control of soil and household insect pests, as well as sucking and chewing insects and mites on a wide variety of crops. It is also used as an animal ectoparasiticide. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for diazinon in drinking water is 0.02 mg/L (20 µg/L).

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Carbon Tetrachloride

Canadians can be exposed to carbon tetrachloride through its presence in air and drinking water. In addition, certain segments of the population may be exposed through the use of specific consumer products or in occupational settings. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for carbon tetrachloride in drinking water is 0.002 mg/L (2 µg/L).

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Chlorpyrifos

Chlorpyrifos (C9H11Cl3NO3PS) is an organophosphorus insecticide used for the control of mosquitoes, flies, various crop pests in soil and on foliage, household pests and aquatic larvae. It is also used on sheep and cattle for the control of ectoparasites. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for chlorpyrifos in drinking water is 0.09 mg/L (90 µg/L).

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Boron

Boron is an essential element for plant growth and is applied directly to the soil as a plant fertilizer. Sodium borate and boric acid are used as fungistatic agents on vegetables, fruits and trees. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for boron in drinking water is 5 mg/L (5000 µg/L).

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Carbofuran

Carbofuran is degraded in soil by hydrolysis, microbial action and, to a lesser extent, photo-decomposition. Its persistence is dependent upon pH, soil type, temperature, moisture content and the microbial population. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for carbofuran in drinking water is 0.09 mg/L (90 µg/L).

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Atrazine

Atrazine is used extensively in Canada as a pre- and post-emergence weed control agent, primarily for corn but also for rapeseed, and for total vegetation control in non-cropland and industrial areas. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for atrazine in drinking water is 0.005 mg/L (5 µg/L). 

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Azinphos–methyl

Azinphos-methyl (C10H12N3O3PS2) is an organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide used for the control of a variety of pests for many fruit, vegetable, grain and forage crops. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for azinphos-methyl in drinking water is 0.02 mg/L (20 µg/L). 

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Drone Flight School

Drone flight schools offer courses to help you prepare for online exams and flight reviews. A course is recommended to be taken before attempting an online exam. A pass is needed for the in-person flight review in order to receive the Pilot Certificate – Advanced Operations. A flight review can be booked by contacting a drone flight school nearby. These schools have self-declared that they provide training in line with the Knowledge Requirements for Pilots of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems. It is still needed to participate in drone pilot training to apply for a Special Flight Operations Certificate.

What you can expect to learn. Training is specific to how the drone will be used. Topics may include:

- airspace classification and structure
- weather and notice to airmen (NOTAM) reporting services
- aeronautical charts and the Canada Flight Supplement
- relevant sections of the Canadian Aviation Regulations


Organization: Transport Canada | Transports Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Zinc

The aesthetic objective for zinc is ≤5.0 mg/L. Zinc is an essential element and is generally considered to be non-toxic. Intake of zinc from food is more than sufficient to satisfy the recommended daily requirements. Drinking water is not regarded as an important nutritional source of this element. Water containing zinc at concentrations above 5.0 mg/L tends to be opalescent, develops a greasy film when boiled, and has an undesirable astringent taste.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document - 1,4-Dioxane

1,4-Dioxane is a synthetic chemical that is not found naturally in the environment. It is produced in Canada and imported from other countries, primarily to be used as an industrial and commercial solvent. It can also be present as a contaminant in cosmetics, food additives, and food packaging materials, or on food crops treated with pesticides containing 1,4-dioxane. Its release to the environment is mainly from chemical waste disposal practices, leaks from landfills, or wastewater discharges. Because of its chemical properties, 1,4-dioxane travels rapidly, partitioning from soil to groundwater sources. A maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 0.050 mg/L (50 µg/L) is established for 1,4-dioxane in drinking water.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Vinyl Chloride

Vinyl chloride is primarily a synthetic chemical. It can enter drinking water through leaching from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, from industrial discharges from chemical and latex manufacturing plants, or as a result of the biodegradation of synthetic solvents. This guideline technical document reviews and assesses all identified health risks associated with vinyl chloride in drinking water, incorporating all relevant routes of exposure from drinking water.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Trihalomethanes

The guideline technical document for trihalomethanes (THMs) also includes a specific guideline for bromodichloromethane (BDCM). The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water is 0.100 mg/L (100 µg/L) based on a locational running annual average of a minimum of quarterly samples taken at the point in the distribution system with the highest potential THM levels. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for bromodichloromethane (BDCM) in drinking water is 0.016 mg/L (16 µg/L) monitored at the point in the distribution system with the highest potential THM levels.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Lead

Lead is usually found in drinking water as a result of leaching from distribution and plumbing system components, particularly in aggressive (corrosive) waters. Historically, lead has been used extensively in service lines, solders and fittings, making its presence in drinking water more likely in older homes and neighbourhoods. This guideline technical document reviews and assesses all identified health risks associated with lead in drinking water.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Nitrate and Nitrite

Nitrate and nitrite are widespread in the environment. They are naturally produced by the oxidation of nitrogen by microorganisms and, to a lesser extent, by lightning. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for nitrate in drinking water is 45 mg/L. This is equivalent to 10 mg/L measured as nitrate-nitrogen. The MAC for nitrite in drinking water is 3 mg/L. This is equivalent to 1 mg/L measured as nitrite-nitrogen.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Trichloroethylene

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a volatile solvent that is used extensively in the automotive and metals industries for vapour degreasing and cold cleaning of metal parts. Canadians can be exposed to TCE through its presence in drinking water, air and food. Certain segments of the population could be exposed via contaminated soil or occupational settings.The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for trichloroethylene in drinking water is 0.005 mg/L (5 µg/L).

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Chlorite and Chlorate

The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for chlorite in drinking water is 1 mg/L. The MAC for chlorate in drinking water is 1 mg/L. A guideline for chlorine dioxide is not required because of its rapid reduction to chlorite in drinking water. Utilities should make every effort to meet the guidelines, however, any method of control employed must not compromise the effectiveness of water disinfection.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Cyanobacterial Toxins

Under the right environmental conditions, microcystins and other cyanobacterial toxins are naturally formed in water in the environment. They are produced and stored in the cells of cyanobacteria, and released when the cells rupture or die. Most scientific studies on cyanobacterial toxins focus on microcystins, which are generally regarded as the most important of the freshwater cyanotoxins. A seasonal maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 0.0015 mg/L (1.5 µg/L) is established for total microcystins in drinking water.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Fluoride

Low levels of fluoride occur naturally in most sources of drinking water in Canada. Fluoride can occur naturally in surface waters from the deposition of particulates from the atmosphere and the weathering of fluoride-containing rocks and soils, and in groundwater from leaching from rock formations. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 mg/L.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Benzene

Although benzene is naturally occurring at low concentrations, its presence in the environment is mostly related to human activities. Gasoline contains low concentrations of benzene (below 1%), and emissions from vehicles are the main source of benzene in the environment. Benzene can be introduced into water by industrial effluents and atmospheric pollution. This Guideline Technical Document reviews and assesses all identified health risks associated with benzene in drinking water. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for benzene in drinking water is 0.005 mg/L (5 µg/L).

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada