AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Stress to the Atmosphere - Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector, 1998

Regional greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by sectors of the economy for 1998 are shown here. The map also shows the regional carbon intensity measured in tonnes of CO2-equivalent to per million dollars of Real Domestic Product. The share of economic sectors in the total regional GHG emissions depends on the region's economic structure and availability of energy resources. The share of greenhouse gas emissions from power generation is considerable in provinces where electricity is generated based on coal and natural gas (such as Alberta and Saskatchewan) or fossil fuels (such as Ontario). Emissions associated with the industrial sector, which include the fossil-fuel production industries, occupy an important share of total greenhouse gas emissions in almost every province.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Stress to the Atmosphere - Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 1998 to 2010

The regional trends of greenhouse gas emissions for the period 1990 to 2020 are shown here. Also shown is a projection of regional carbon intensity in terms of tonnes of carbon dioxide per million dollars of Real Domestic Product. This map shows long-term greenhouse gas emissions growth on a provincial and territorial basis. The pattern of emissions growth varies across provinces, largely reflecting the distribution of energy sources available, the existence of energy production, and the nature of manufacturing activities and projected population growth. In relative terms, the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan are expected to experience the largest increases between 1990 and 2010. In absolute terms, Alberta and Ontario are expected to experience the largest increases in emissions.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Distribution of Freshwater - Drainage Patterns

A drainage basin is an area that drains all precipitation received as a runoff or base flow (groundwater sources) into a particular river or set of rivers. Canada’s major drainage regions are the Atlantic Ocean, Hudson Bay, Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico. A lake can be defined as any inland body of water, usually fresh water, larger than a pool or pond. Canada is covered by as many as two million lakes. The largest set of lakes, the Great Lakes, straddle the Canada-US boundary and contain 18% of the world’s fresh water in lakes. Most Canadian rivers have developed since the last ice age. Almost 75% of the Canadian landmass contains water that drains northward into either the Arctic Ocean or into Hudson and James bays.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Distribution of Freshwater - Glaciers and Icefields

Glaciers and icefields are huge masses of ice, formed on land by the compaction and re-crystallization of snow, that move very slowly down slopes, or move outward due to their own weight. In Canada, an estimated area of 200 000 square kilometres, or about 2% of the country’s area is covered by glaciers and icefields. A huge quantity of freshwater is frozen in the polar ice caps and in high mountain glaciers. Glaciers and icefields are found in Western Cordillera and the mountains in the eastern Arctic. At present there are no reliable figures on the total number of glaciers in Canada. Glaciers exert a direct influence on the hydrologic cycle by slowing the passage of water through the cycle. Like groundwater, glaciers are excellent natural storehouses of water.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Distribution of Freshwater - Wetlands

Wetlands are lands permanently or temporarily submerged or permeated by water, and characterized by plants adapted to saturated-soil conditions. Wetlands are the only ecosystem designated for conservation by international convention because they absorb the impact of hydrologic events, filter sediments and toxic substances, supply food and essential habitat for many species, provide products for food, energy, and building material, and are valuable recreational areas. Some wetlands help recharge groundwater, while others receive groundwater discharge. Wetlands are vulnerable to climatic variations and extreme events. Wetlands occur across most of Canada. Their location usually depends on local factors of drainage, topography, and surface material.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Freshwater Recreational Uses: Canoeing - Kayaking and Sailing

In 1996 Statistics Canada conducted a survey in nature-related activities on the Importance of Nature to Canadians. The map combines the data for these three boat types, classed by major watershed. It shows that the amount of usage across Canada is closely correlated to population, but also that usage is distributed throughout most of Canada.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Freshwater Recreational Uses - Power Boating

In 1996, 9.3% of Canadians made use of a power boat. The map shows the number of trips where a powerboat was used. The range of recreational activities is diverse, ranging from cruising, across to cottages, to fishing and water sports. The large number of powerboats in Canada had lead to many concerns about their usage like pollution and habitat disturbance.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Freshwater Recreational Uses - Recreational Fishing

Fishing is popular throughout Canada, but in the more remote parts of the country it is a major part of the local economy. Frequency of participation in recreational fishing has a strong relationship to the distribution of population, but the northern areas for which there is data also have a substantial amount of fishing activity. This map shows the participation in fishing shown by major watershed areas. The advantage of using these areas is that indicates usage by river systems, and, as well, it differentiates the northern from southern parts of the larger provinces. The pattern shows a strong relationship to the distribution of population, but the northern areas for which there is data also have a substantial amount of fishing activity.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Rates of Population Change 1851-1951

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows two condensed maps, and three sets of graphs to show population change for the period 1851 to 1951. The top map shows the percent changes in population in eastern Canada for the period 1851 to 1901 (Newfoundland data is for 1857 to 1901). The bottom map shows the percent changes in population for Canada for the period 1901 to 1951 (Northwest Territories data is for 1911 to 1951). The first set of graphs show birth, death and natural increase rates per 1000 population for the period 1931 to 1951 for Canada and the provinces. The second set shows the changes in density of population for the period 1851 to 1951 for Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec, the Western Provinces and Canada. The third graph shows the percent increase in Canada's total population by decade for the period 1851 to 1951.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Water Consumption: Agricultural Water Consumption/Irrigation (Prairies)

Irrigation is the provision of water to crops beyond what is provided by local rainfall. Irrigation is a vital part of agriculture in certain areas of Canada like the southern Prairies and the interior of British Columbia. The amount of water that needs to be withdrawn for irrigation varies annually. It depends on winter precipitation, and weather and soil moisture during the growing season. Irrigation can have both positive and negative effects on the environment.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Water Consumption: Agricultural Water Consumption/Irrigation (by province and territory)

Irrigation is the provision of water to crops beyond what is provided by local rainfall. Irrigation is a vital part of agriculture in certain areas of Canada like the southern Prairies and the interior of British Columbia. The amount of water that needs to be withdrawn for irrigation varies annually. It depends on winter precipitation, and weather and soil moisture during the growing season. Irrigation can have both positive and negative effects on the environment.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Water Consumption: Commercial and Institutional Water Consumption, 1999

Commercial consumers are businesses, and institutional users such as government agencies, schools, and hospitals. Apartment buildings are also included in this section since these are normally operated by businesses. Next to residential uses, commercial and institutional consumption makes up the largest part of municipal water use. On per capita basis, consumption rates are highest in Prince Edward Island and in New Brunswick, and lowest in Manitoba.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Water Consumption: Domestic Water Consumption, 1999

The map shows total municipal needs by province and territory. Domestic water consumption includes the quantity of water used for household purposes such as washing, food preparation, and bathing. Across Canada, nearly all of the water used by municipal water systems comes from lakes and rivers the remainder (12% of the total) comes from groundwater. Establishing and maintaining water systems is costly. There are three major costs: water supply, infrastructure maintenance, and administration. Water prices across Canada are generally low compared to other countries. Monthly bills range between $15 and $90, the lowest being in Quebec, Newfoundland, and British Columbia, and the highest in the Prairie Provinces and northern Canada. Although water usage rates vary across Canada, the overall per capita use is very high compared to that of other industrialized countries. Only the United States has higher rates of municipal water usage.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Distribution of Freshwater - Groundwater

Groundwater is water found beneath the earth’s surface and located at the water table below. In Canada, there is more water underground than on the surface. Groundwater occurs in the tiny spaces between loose materials on top of bedrock, or in cracks of bedrock. The most important concentrations are in aquifers, near the top level of the water table. About eight million people, or 26% of the population, depend on groundwater. Approximately two-thirds, or five million, of these users live in rural areas. Groundwater is also used for livestock watering, irrigation, aquaculture (fish farms), and mineral and hydrocarbon extraction.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Water Consumption: Hydroelectric Generation

Hydroelectric generation is the predominant form of electric generation in Canada. A major part of the economic history of Canada consisted of the development of sites with large hydroelectric potential such as Niagara and Shawinigan. Hydro developments have had a substantial effect on rivers and lakes in Canada. There have been relatively few large hydro sites developed since the 1970s as the environmental and human effects to be avoided or mitigated in such large projects make them increasingly difficult and costly to plan and build.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Water Consumption: Industrial Water Consumption, 1999

The industrial sector represents 16% of total freshwater consumption. The amount used reflects population distribution to some degree, but the high values in some watersheds far from the largest cities reflects the occurrence of resource-processing, a heavy user of water. In most cases, these facilities (mainly in the forest industry) were specifically located so as to be close to large water supplies.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Density of Population - 1951

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the density of the Canadian population for 1951. The first map display Western provinces, while the second map concentrates on southern Ontario and the Maritimes. Only the most populous areas are covered. Population density is illustrated by denoting the number of inhabitants per square mile. It shows a significant difference in the population distribution across Canada, mainly in urban and metropolitan areas. The cities with greater inhabitants are clusters within Capital cities, and a even larger concentration south, near the U.S. border, in particular along ocean or inland coastlines.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Behaviours: Physically Active Population, 1996 to 1997

The proportion of population « physically active » is based on the energy demands of a series of leisure-time activities that people participated in during the three months previous to the survey. Most scientific evidence is supportive of physical activity as a positive determinant of health. Greater health benefits can be achieved by increasing the amount-duration, frequency, or intensity-of physical activity. In Alberta and British Columbia, the 12+ years age group is far more active than their counterparts in other provinces.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Behaviours: Population Who Were Overweight, 1996 to 1997

Many health professionals in Canada consider that obesity has reached or is nearing epidemic proportions in this country. Most scientific evidence is supportive of physical activity as a positive determinant. Greater health benefits can be achieved by increasing the amount; duration, frequency, or intensity-of physical activity. Lack of physical activity has negative health consequences. Population in the Atlantic Provinces tends to be more overweight and inactive, at least in relative terms.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Behaviours: Prevalence of Smoking, 1996 to 1997

Prevalence of smoking is measured as the proportion of all persons 12 years of age and older who smoked daily or occasionally in 1996 to 1997 for each province. Smoking is a health behaviour that deteriorates health. Smoking is the most important cause of preventable illness, disability and premature death.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Resources: Population-to-nurse Ratios, 1996

Areas with a ratio of 100:1 or lower are found mainly in eastern Canada and Manitoba. These are areas where the number of registered nurses per capita is higher than the national rate. At the other end of the scale, regions with relatively few nurses per capita-with ratios greater than 200:1-predominate in the territories and the northern portions of many provinces. In general, higher numbers of nurses occur in locations throughout Canada where there are relatively high number of physicians and specialists.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Resources: Population-to-family Physician Ratios, 1996

Neither rural areas nor urban areas predominate with respect to any specific range of the family physician ratios. The Federal and Provincial Advisory Committee on Health Manpower recommended that a ratio of 1307:1 would be a suitable target for family physicians. In contrast to the distribution of physician specialists, family physicians are more prevalent in terms of their presence in virtually all areas of Canada.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Resources: Population-to-physician Ratios, 1996

Major cities are associated with comparatively few people per physician; every province has one or more census divisions in which the ratio is less than or equal to 550:1. None of the territories has a ratio this low. At the same time, each province has a significant number of areas with ratios higher than 550:1 and these tend to be located in the more rural and/or northern areas.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Services Utilization: Dental Services Utilization, 1996 to 1997

The use of the services of a dentist or orthodontist for Canada as a whole was just under 60%. It was far lower than physician utilization in 1997. Use ranges from a low of 46% in Newfoundland and Labrador to highs of 63% in British Columbia and Ontario. The reason for low dental utilization is partially due to the fact that dental coverage is not universal across Canada. Having dental coverage not only increases likelihood of visiting a dentist/orthodontist, it also increases the likelihood of making two or more visits. In addition, dental services utilization patterns, for both individuals and regions, are influenced by factors like age, gender, and self-rated health status.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Distribution of Population - 1951

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the distribution of the Canadian population, circa 1951. Population sizes are indicated on the map by representative units of 50 or 1000. In southern Canada, the population of the 15 metropolitan areas and urban centres of 25 000 inhabitants and over is shown by a disc, the area of which is proportional to its population. The scale ranges from metropolitan Montreal (1 395 400 inhabitants) to Glace Bay (25 586 inhabitants). There are still very small populations in northern Canada, but there are clusters within Capital cities, and a even larger concentration south, near the U.S. border, in particular along ocean or inland coastlines. The congregation near or on the coastline of water indicate the influence of industry, natural resources and trade. Two graphs accompany this map. The first graph shows the numerical distribution of population for 1951 by Canada, the provinces and the territories. The second graph shows the percentage distribution of population for 1951 by province and territory.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Services Utilization: Physician Utilization, 1996 to 1997

During 1997 close to 80% of Canadians made use of the services of a family physician. For Canada as a whole, and for each province, the majority of the population, close to 58%, visited a family physician more than twice during that time period. Health services utilization patterns, for both individuals and for regions, are influenced by factors like age, gender, self-rated health status, education, and income.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Status: Breast Cancer Rates, 1986 to 1995

One woman in nine can expect to develop breast cancer during her lifetime and one in 25 will die from the disease. Statistically low incidences of breast cancer are found in Newfoundland and Labrador, the territories, and northern areas of most provinces. Otherwise, each province has one or more pockets of significantly high breast cancer incidence. These are often located in more southerly areas, but they do not seem to be restricted to either urban or rural areas alone. Breast cancer rates are a health status indicator. They can be used to help assess health conditions. Health status refers to the state of health of a person or group, and measures causes of sickness and death. It can also include people’s assessment of their own health.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Status: Breast Cancer Ratios, 1986 to 1995

This map uses age-standardized ratios to further aid in regional comparisons. A value of 1.0 would indicate that the region rate is identical to the overall Canadian rate; a value greater than 1.0 would indicate that the rate for that region is higher than the Canadian rate; and, in turn, a ratio value less than 1.0 would indicate that the rate for the specific region is lower than the Canadian rate. Statistically low incidences of breast cancer are found in Newfoundland and Labrador, the territories, and northern areas of most provinces. Otherwise, each province has one or more pockets of significantly high breast cancer incidence. Health status refers to the state of health of a person or group, and measures causes of sickness and death. It can also include people’s assessment of their own health.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Status: Low Birthweight – Mothers 15 Years of Age and Older

The Atlantic Provinces have a higher proportion of low birthweight births than most other areas in Canada. As one moves west through the Prairies, then to British Columbia, and finally to the territories, the low birthweight births decrease by region. Low birthweight (LBW) is a health status indicator, and is defined as babies born with weight under 2500 grams. The proportion of low birthweight babies born to mothers 15 years of age and older indicates the health and well-being of a population. Health status refers to the state of health of a person or group, and measures causes of sickness and death. It can also include people’s assessment of their own health.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Status: Low Birthweight – Mothers 40 Years of Age and Older

This age group of mothers has tendency towards higher proportions (often 8.0% and over) of low birthweight babies. On this map only the cities are represented because there is a low number of women in this group in rural and remote areas and hence the data has been suppressed due to reasons of confidentiality. Low birthweight (LBW) is a health status indicator, and is defined as babies born with weight under 2500 grams. The proportion of low birthweight babies born to mothers 15 years of age and older indicates the health and well-being of a population. Health status refers to the state of health of a person or group, and measures causes of sickness and death. It can also include people’s assessment of their own health.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Status: Low Birthweight – Mothers Aged 15 to 19 Years

Teen mothers often have a higher proportion of low birthweight babies than do mothers in the 20 to 39 year age group. There is a significant concentration of high low birthweight rates for teen mothers in Atlantic Canada. Areas with very high 1996 low birthweight rates (8.0% and grater) are most commonly found in Quebec and Ontario. Low birthweight (LBW) is a health status indicator, and is defined as babies born with weight under 2500 grams. The proportion of low birthweight babies born to mothers 15 years of age and older indicates the health and well-being of a population. Health status refers to the state of health of a person or group, and measures causes of sickness and death. It can also include people’s assessment of their own health.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada
Health Status: Low Birthweight – Mothers Aged 20 to 39 Years

There are low numbers of low birthweight babies in this age category, but this is not unexpected since the younger and older mothers, who have higher rates of low birthweight births, have been excluded. Low birthweight (LBW) is a health status indicator, and is defined as babies born with weight under 2500 grams. The proportion of low birthweight babies born to mothers 15 years of age and older indicates the health and well-being of a population. Health status refers to the state of health of a person or group, and measures causes of sickness and death. It can also include people’s assessment of their own health.

Organization: Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada