AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Fracture network analysis in the Duke River area, southwestern Yukon

Deep geothermal reservoir potential depends on the local temperature gradient and host rock permeability. In areas with low primary porosity, such as the Duke River area, large-scale permeability is primarily associated with fracture networks. Fractures in the Duke River area are described based on 36 scanlines collected across 9 rock types from 0.8 to 22 km from the Denali fault. The majority of fractures are steeply dipping but have no preferential strike. The linear fracture intensity is high, and most fractures range from open to moderately wide. These attributes vary slightly by lithology but can be grouped into distinct hydrostratigraphic units. The distance from the Denali fault has a non-linear influence on fracture intensity and aperture and a negligible effect on fracture spacing and length. The fracture analysis presented will be used to develop a discrete fracture network to evaluate permeability in the Duke River area.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Resedimentation of the late Holocene White River tephra, Yukon Territory and Alaska

The Wrangell region of eastern Alaska represents a zone of extensive volcanism marked by intermittent pyroclastic activity during the late Holocene. The most recent and widely dispersed pyroclastic deposit in this area is the White River tephra, a distinct tephra-fall deposit covering 540 000 km 2 in Alaska, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories. This deposit is the product of two Plinian eruptions from Mount Churchill, preserved in two distinct lobes, created ca. 1887 years B.P. (northern lobe) and 1147 years B.P. (eastern lobe). The tephra consists of distal primary air-fall deposits and proximal, locally resedimented volcaniclastic deposits.

Distinctive layers such as the White River tephra provide important chronostratigraphic control and can be used to interpret the cultural and environmental impact of ancient large magnitude eruptions. The resedimentation of White River tephra has resulted in large-scale terraces, which flank the margins of Klutlan Glacier. Preliminary analysis of resedimented deposits demonstrates that the volcanic stratigraphy within individual terraces is complex and unique.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Analytical methods and non-interpretative data compilation for unconventional shale plays of Yukon's Liard basin

This report presents detailed analytical methodologies and a non-interpretative compilation of outcrop and subsurface data specific to Yukon’s Liard basin. It mainly comprises data collected in the 2012-2016 unconventional study, but also includes legacy data extracted from various sources (principally Geological Survey of Canada publications) on conventional source rock and reservoir potential.

The report is organized into two sections: a) a summary of the basin’s geology, exploration history and ultimate resource potential; and b) detailed methods for each of the analytical techniques used to assess unconventional shale potential in the basin. Data, including formation tops and thicknesses, are presented in the suite of appendices.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Goddell property, south Yukon

Quartz-stibnite veins at Goddell Gully represent only a few of the several antimony occurrences on Carbon Hill. Strong east-trending structures contain the showings over at least five kilometres of strike length. Deep drilling on the Goddell Shear Zone has encountered significant gold grades over wide intersections. The gold however is not in quartz-stibnite veins, but instead is associated with porphyry copper style alteration and densely disseminated pyrite and arsenopyrite. This report introduces and documents this previously unrecognized and potentially significant style of mineralization.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Glass-fission-track ages of Late Cenozoic distal tephra beds in the Klondike district, Yukon Territory

A distinctive and widespread tephra bed is a very useful stratigraphic tool, especially if its age is accurately and precisely known. However, distal tephra beds, like those in the Klondike region of the Yukon, are difficult to date because of their fine grain size and contaminated character. Grain-specific methods, such as the fission-track and 40 Ar/39 Ar techniques, are essential for reliable results.

Three rhyolitic tephra beds, each with a homogeneous glass composition, have been dated by the glass-fission-track method. Mosquito Gulch tephra is 1.42 ± 0.16 Ma and dates an intermediate-level terrace on Bonanza Creek. Quartz Creek tephra is 3.00 ± 0.33 Ma and confirms a late Pliocene age for the upper part of the White Channel gravel. Furthermore, the presence of the Quartz Creek tephra in an ice-wedge cast indicates that permafrost conditions must have existed in west-central Yukon at this time. The Jackson Hill tephra is 0.13 ± 0.03 Ma.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Geological Compilation with Interpretation from Geophysical Surveys of the Northern Dawson Range, Central Yukon (115 J/9 & 10; 115 I/12)

This map accompanies paper:
Johnston, S.T. and Shives, R.B.K., 1995. Interpretation of an airborne multiparameter geophysical survey of the northern Dawson Range, central Yukon: A progress report. In: Yukon Exploration and Geology, 1994. Exploration and Geological Services Division, Yukon, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, p. 105-111.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Notes to Prospectors - Jakes Corner DIGHEM Survey Interpretation

Airborne EM and MAG Survey, Jakes Corner Project, including six 1:20,000-scale geophysical maps of electromagnetic anomalies together with a description of 34 conductors which merit further investigation. The surveyed area covers NTS maps sheets 105 C/5, 12 and 105 D/8,9. This report also contains a 1:50,000-scale geological map (NTS 105 C/5, 105 D/8, 9; Open File 1995-7(G)) based on geological mapping in the survey area and upon the results of the HEM survey. Finally, the report contains a description of possible types of deposits which could be found, together with predicted DighemV system responses.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Soil Geochemistry above Deeply Weathered Porphyry Deposits in Unglaciated Terrain, Dawson Range, Central Yukon

Much of west-central Yukon escaped glaciation and is underlain by leached and oxidized, deeply weathered bedrock. Background and anomalous metal values in these soils are presumed to be lower than normal and therefore increase the challenge of interpreting soil geochemical surveys. It is suspected that the geochemical contrast between background and anomalous values can be maximized by sampling a particular soil horizon or analysing a specific size fraction.

One hundred and sixteen samples were collected from soil profiles at ten sites above four porphyry-style mineral deposits - Antoniuk, Revenue, Nucleus and Casino in the Dawson Range of the Yukon-Tanana Terrane. B-horizon soils are locally clay-rich, thin and poorly developed. C-horizon soils are unconsolidated and very coarse grained. Bedrock samples from each site were crushed and analysed for comparison. All samples were analysed using the Au plus 32 (FA-AA and ICP) package which is a popular and economical method currently employed in most exploration programs.

The results are generally consistent within the few samples taken at each deposit, but vary considerably overall, and probably reflect the variable physio-chemical conditions between the deposits. Gold and copper are emphasized in the evaluation of the data, but gold data from the fine-grained fraction are incomplete due to insufficient material from the generally coarse-grained soils. Although statistical accuracy cannot be confirmed with such a small sample set, the following trends are recognized:

- the highest gold values typically occur in the lowest soil horizon (C2) and in the -200 mesh fraction;
- the highest copper values were found in both the -35+80 and -200 mesh fractions (deposit dependent) but were consistently richer in the C2 horizon;
- metal values are commonly depleted in the highest B-horizon (B1), particularly in the +35-80 fraction;
- metal values are most commonly enriched in the B2 and C2 horizons;
- metal depletion is most pronounced in the -35+80 fraction;
- there is a strong positive correlation between gold, copper and molybdenum;
- in addition, As, Bi, P, and to a lesser extent, Sb and Sr have a strong positive correlation with gold, As, Sb, Sr and to a lesser extent Ba and Pb have a strong positive correlation with copper.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Preliminary observations of the Mesoproterozoic Pinguicula Group in the Coal Creek inlier, Yukon (parts of NTS 116B/11, 14)

Proterozoic strata in central Yukon are exposed in the Coal Creek, Hart River and Wernecke inliers. The Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic strata are well correlated across the inliers; however, correlation of the Mesoproterozoic units remains ambiguous. We present two stratigraphic logs of Mesoproterozoic units PP1 and PP2 (previously termed PR1 and PR2, respectively) in the Coal Creek inlier. PP1 is dominantly siltstone and sandstone, whereas PP2 is mostly dolostone. In one section where the contact is well exposed, PP2 gradationally overlies PP1, suggesting that these units, at least locally, are conformable. Based on similarities in the stratigraphy and contact relationships with underlying and overlying units, we suggest that PP1 and PP2 are correlative with the Pinguicula Group formally defined in the Hart River and Wernecke inliers. Resolving how PP1 and PP2 correlate with Proterozoic strata exposed in other inliers provides insight into basin development along northwest Laurentia during the Meso–Neoproterozoic.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Yukon Exploration and Geology 1997

Yukon Exploration and Geology 1997 consists of four parts: Part A is a comprehensive overview of mining and exploration activity in Yukon; Part B summarizes the activities of Government agencies which provide technical and financial assistance to the Yukon mining and exploration industries; Part C consists of geological reports by Canada/Yukon Geoscience Office geologists and industry geologists; and Part D is a collection of reports by industry and government geologists on new discoveries and the continued assessment of select mineral deposits.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Yukon Targeted Geoscience Initiative, Part 2: Glacial history, till geochemistry and new mineral exploration targets in Glenlyon and eastern Carmacks map areas, central Yukon

A regional till geochemistry project was completed in conjunction with bedrock mapping across rocks of Yukon-Tanana Terrane and North American affinity in central Yukon. The high mineral potential of the area is based on recent discoveries in the Finlayson Lake area to the southeast, an area thought to juxtapose the Glenlyon area prior to displacement on the Tintina Fault. The study area lies at the limit of the Late Wisconsinan McConnell glaciation. Ice flow was largely directed by topography. Soil profiles reveal a veneer of White River ash and loess over most till deposits. Geochemical results from 285 till samples highlight new anomalies in gold, gold/arsenic (intrusive- and fault-related), copper (veins), copper/nickel (ultramafic rocks) and zinc (sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX) and epithermal). An orientation survey was completed at the Clear Lake SEDEX deposit to evaluate the extent of glacial dispersion down-ice from mineralization.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Reprocessing of Yukon magnetic data for NTS 116K

Reprocessing of magnetic data for Yukon was performed between November 2016 and March 2017. Aeromagnetic data were compiled, data of different resolutions were merged, and a series of images individually levelled for each map sheet were produced. For each 250k-scale map, the following magnetic derivative maps were produced: 1. Residual Total Magnetic Field; 2. Reduced-to-Pole Magnetic Field (RTP); 3. First Vertical Derivative of the Reduced-to-Pole Magnetic Field (RTP_VD); and 4. Tilt Derivative of the Reduced-to-Pole Magnetic Field (RTP_TDR). These maps are provided as pdfs, geotiffs and Geosoft grid files. Colour ramps/legends are provided for each map.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
The structural framework for Carlin-type gold mineralization in the Nadaleen trend, Yukon

Structure imparts a significant control on the distribution of Carlin-type gold mineralization recently discovered in the Nadaleen trend, Yukon. An improved understanding of the structural framework for gold mineralization is essential for continued exploration success and interpreting ore fluid controls. Structural observations from the Osiris cluster of the Nadaleen trend indicate that NW-verging F1 folds were refolded in response to later SSW-NNE directed contraction. F2 folds have a subvertical ESE-striking axial plane with subvertically plunging axes on steep F1 limbs and subhorizontal fold axes in shallow F1 limbs. F2 folds have a pervasive axial planar cleavage that is recognized regionally. The steeply dipping Osiris and Nadaleen faults appear to cut all folds. Mineralization is spatially associated with later NW-striking faults in the Conrad zone. Much of the folding within the mineralized Conrad limestone is synsedimentary and its geometry reflects its emplacement as an olistostrome.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Geology, mineralization and sampling results from the Kalzas tungsten property, central Yukon

Kalzas, in central Yukon, is a porphyry-style stockwork and sheeted-vein wolframite deposit. Alteration includes a potassic core, a quartz-tourmaline-sericite zone and an outer quartz-sericite-pyrite zone, the latter in excess of 2 km in diameter. Wolframite is confined to the inner two zones, in an oval area 1500 m by 800 m. The wolframite is disseminated within the quartz-tourmaline stockwork and also occurs as coarse crystals in sheeted veins. Mineralization occurs within Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian Hyland Group quartzites and phyllites, which are likely intruded at depth by a pluton, possibly of the Cretaceous Tombstone Suite.

From 1981 to 1984, Union Carbide carried out mapping, soil and rock geochemistry, an airborne magnetometer survey, road building, trenching and drilling of two diamond drill holes. Results from Copper Ridge's 2001 sample program range from 0.3% WO3 to 0.5% WO3 over widths up to 70 m. They demonstrate the potential to define a signifi cant resource of surface-mineable tungsten mineralization at a grade of 0.4% WO3 or better. Drilling is required to confirm grade continuity at depth and along strike.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Airborne EM and Mag Survey, Jakes Corner Project (105C/5, 12 & 105D/8, 9)

Airborne EM and MAG Survey, Jakes Corner Project, including seven 1:50 000-scale geophysical maps with marginal notes. The surveyed area covers NTS maps sheets 105 C/5, 12 and 105 D/8,9. The maps include: total field magnetics, electromagnetic anomalies, filtered VLF, calculated vertical gradient magnetics, resistivity 900 Hz coplanar, resistivity 7200 Hz coplanar, resistivity 56,000 Hz coplanar.

This report describes the logistics and results of a DIGHEMv airborne geophysical survey carried out for the Yukon Prospectors' Association over a property located near Jakes Corner, southwest Yukon Territory. Total coverage of the survey block amounted to 2764 km. The survey was flown from March 12 to March 25, 1994.

The survey property contains several anaomalous features, many of which are considered to be of moderate to high priority as exploration targets. Most of the inferred bedrock conductors appear to warrant further investigation using appropriate surface exploration techniques. Areas of interest may be assigned priorities on the basis of supporting geophysical, geochemical and/or geological information. After initial investigations have been carried out, it may be necessary to re-evaluate the remaining anomalies based on information acquired from the follow-up program.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Yukon Geology Volume 2

This volume of Yukon Geology is the second of a series that reports on geology of the Yukon, especially those studies with an economic aspect. It is an outgrowth of the Yukon Exploration and Geology series, containing the material that made up the first half of the book. That material forming the second half of the book (summaries of mine production, current mineral exploration work and description of mineral showings) is now published in the Yukon Exploration series.

Most of the papers in this volume represent work of geologists involved in graduate thesis work supported in varying degrees by Exploration and Geological Services Division. Other papers represent work of geologists with the Division involved in conducting economic geology investigations in Yukon, and geologists from mining companies and other government agencies. In addition, two contributions were funded by the Canada-Yukon Economic Development Agreement (EDA).

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Jurassic plate motions of the Stikine Terrane, southern Yukon: A paleomagnetic and geothermometric study of the Teslin Crossing Pluton (105E/7)

The ~177 Ma Teslin Crossing Pluton was studied paleomagnetically to determine the post-Early Jurassic tectonic motions of the northern Stikine Terrane. There are few published tectonic estimates for rock units older than mid-Cretaceous time for the area. The pluton is dominantly monzonite with syenite patches and a more mafic border phase. To the north and south of the pluton are spatially associated sill complexes that are chemically similar and coeval with the pluton. Acceptable geothermometry values from three sites suggest at the 95% confidence level that the pluton has not been tilted since crystallization. This is supported by the circular outcrop pattern of the pluton and the flat-lying host rocks. The pluton was sampled for paleomagnetic analysis at thirteen sites and six sites were sampled in sills from south of the pluton. Fifteen of the nineteen sites give a well-defined mean characteristic remanent magnetic (ChRM) direction for the pluton and sills at a declination = 6°, inclination = 78°, cone of 95% confidence = 9° and precision parameter = 20, corresponding to a paleopole at 110.6°W and 84.3°N (dp = 16°, dm = 17°). It suggests that the northern Stikine Terrane has undergone 21.1° ± 7.4° of net southward translation, or translation away from the reference pole, with respect to the North American craton since Middle Jurassic time. The estimate also suggests a net clockwise rotation of 33° ± 18°. This translation estimate is similar to that for the coeval Fourth of July Batholith that is part of the neighbouring Cache Creek Terrane and indicates that the Stikine and Cache Creek Terranes were proximal to one another at that time. Further, it suggests that these two terranes were offshore of the North American craton, and were carried eastward by the Farallon Plate through the Jurassic.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Flood basalts of the Wrangellia Terrane, southwest Yukon: Implications for the formation of oceanic plateaus, continental crust and Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization

The Wrangellia Terrane along the northwest margin of North America is an extensive accreted oceanic plateau. These volcanic sequences erupted onto an extinct island arc in less than 5 million years at ca. 230 Ma. Triassic Wrangellia basalts and intrusions form a 1 to 10 km-wide linear belt of mafic and ultramafic rocks extending 300 km across southwest Yukon. A total of 85 samples were collected for geochemical and isotopic analysis from 10 widespread areas along the entire length of the linear belt. Field observations during the summer of 2004, and a synthesis of previous research for the Yukon portion of Wrangellia, are part of a larger research project involving Wrangellia basalts extending from Vancouver Island to central Alaska. The Wrangellia volcanic sequences represent one of the finest examples of an accreted oceanic plateau worldwide. They provide an excellent opportunity to gain a better understanding of the mantle source of oceanic plateaus and to assess the role of accretion of oceanic plateaus in continental growth.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
Description of the Mount Skukum Volcanic Complex, southern Yukon

The Mount Skukum Volcanic Complex (MSVC) is the northernmost extension of the Sloko volcanic province in western British Columbia, a broad northwest-trending volcanic belt along the northeast margin of the Coast Plutonic Belt. Rocks of the Sloko volcanic province are preserved as downfaulted blocks and as erosional remnants on higher upland surfaces. They comprise an assemblage of intermediate to felsic volcanic rocks and derived sedimentary rocks that lie unconformably on Cretaceous granitic rocks, folded Jurassic rocks and Precambrian (?) metasedimentary rocks.

The MSVC is Paleocene-Eocene in age, and elliptical in plan; it covers an area of about 140 km squared. It is a downfaulted volcanic block, deposited on Cretaceous granitic rocks of the Ruby Range Batholith and older metasedimentary rocks of the Yukon Group. The complex is surrounded peripherally by several high-level rhyolite intrusions which have recently been dated at 53 ±1.1 Ma using rubidium-strontium geochronology.

The MSVC has a maximum vertical thickness of 850 m. It includes:: 1) a downfaulted part of an andesitic stratovolcano which forms the western and southern parts of the complex and comprises the distal and medial facies assemblage of Formations 1 and 2, and the more proximal facies assemblage of Formation 3 a small felsic cauldron subsidence structure in the northeast corner of the area represented by the felsic cauldron-fill deposits of Formation 4; 3) an andesitic vent facies environment located in a small area in the midwestern part of the complex and comprising the deposits of Formation 5; and 4) a central quartz-feldspar-phyric rhyolite intrusion along the western boundary of the small felsic cauldron.

A NNE-trending fracture system is the dominant and perhaps the latest structural feature in the MSVC. Economic epigenetic gold veins are found in three major subparallel NNE-trending fault zones. The veins consist of quartz and calcite and are unusual in that they contain no sulphides and have poorly developed wall rock alteration. As of February 1984, the average grade was 27 g/t gold and 22.63 g/t silver with proven reserves of 149,114 tonnes.

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon
A History of the Whitehorse Copper Belt

In the first three decades of this century, $2,712,000 worth of copper ore came out of the copper belt (Johnston, 1975). The mines were only active, however, when copper prices were high. Ultimately, the drop in copper prices after the first World War, the discontinuous nature of the copper deposits, and the high cost of transport brought an end to production in the copper belt for half a century.

In the 1960s and 1970s, modern mining technology made it profitable to mine copper ore on a large scale, an undertaking that had proven uneconomical in the early days. Nonetheless, New Imperial Mines Ltd., later Whitehorse Copper Mines Ltd., had much in common with those early mines. Transportation costs were still high, the extent of mining development depended on outside capital investment and world copper prices, and there was still a close connection with the nearby community of Whitehorse.

A companion paper discusses the geology of the area as well as the historic and contemporary mining technology used in the copper mines. This document will address historic events and issues during 85 years of exploration, development and production in the copper belt (NTS 105 D).

Organization: Government of Yukon | Gouvernement du Yukon