AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Food Microbiology - Targeted Surveys - Final Report - Bacterial Pathogens in Pre-Prepared, Refrigerated Baked Desserts - April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2018 

​A targeted survey on bacterial pathogens in refrigerated baked desserts analysed 2,975 samples for Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and generic E. coli. Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella were not found in any of the samples. Elevated levels of Bacillus cereus were found in 3 samples. Elevated levels of Staphylococcus aureus were found in 1 sample and Listeria monocytogenes was found in 1 sample. Elevated levels of generic E. coli were found in 12 samples. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency conducted appropriate follow-up activities such as facility inspections. No illnesses were reported in association with any of the positive samples.


Organization: Canadian Food Inspection Agency | Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments
Food Microbiology - Targeted Surveys - Final Report - Bacterial Pathogens in Powdered Infant Formula - April 1, 2015 to March 31, 2018 

​A targeted survey analysed 3,962 samples of powdered infant formula for Enterobacteriaceae. Of the 3,962 samples, 2,965 were tested for generic E. coli and Salmonella and 997 samples were tested for Cronobacter. Salmonella, Cronobacter and generic E. coli were not found in any of the samples. Enterobacteriaceae were found in 2 samples. Canadian Food Inspection Agency conducted appropriate follow-up activities such as additional sampling. No illnesses were reported in association with any of the positive samples.


Organization: Canadian Food Inspection Agency | Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments
Food Microbiology - Targeted Surveys - Final Report - Bacterial Pathogens in Dried Sprouted Seeds - November 1, 2014 to March 31, 2018 

​A targeted survey on bacterial pathogens in dried sprouted seed products analysed 1,936 samples for E. coli O157, non-O157 STEC, Salmonella, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus and generic E. coli. Over 97% of dried sprouted seed products were assessed as satisfactory. For the remainder of the samples, Canadian Food Inspection Agency conducted appropriate follow-up activities such as facility inspections and additional sampling. The Salmonella positive samples that were found resulted in recalls of the affected products. No illnesses were reported in association with any of the positive samples.


Organization: Canadian Food Inspection Agency | Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments
Food Microbiology - Targeted Surveys - Final Report - Bacterial Pathogens in Dried Herbs and Tea - April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2018 

​A targeted survey analysed 2,680 samples of dried herbs and 1,178 samples of dried teas for generic E. coli, Salmonella,  Bacillu cereus and Clostridium perfringens. Additionally, 1,773 samples of dried herbs and all samples of dried teas were analysed for Staphylococcus aureus. Bacillus cereus was found in seven samples, Staphylococcus aureus was found in one sample, Salmonella was found in two samples and generic E. coli was found in two samples. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency conducted appropriate follow-up activities such as facility inspections and additional sampling. The Salmonella positive samples resulted in product recalls as did one of the positive generic E. coli samples. No illnesses were reported in association with any of the positive samples.


Organization: Canadian Food Inspection Agency | Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments
FSAP Chem TS - 2011-12 BPA in Canned Foods - SB451_BPHA - Open Data

The Food Safety Action Plan (FSAP) aims to modernize and enhance Canada's food safety system. As a part of the FSAP enhanced surveillance initiative, targeted surveys are used to test various foods for specific chemical and microbiological hazards.

The main objective of this targeted survey was to generate baseline surveillance data on the levels of bisphenol A (BPA) in canned fruits, juices, beverages, vegetables, legumes, pasta, and soup available on the Canadian retail market.

BPA is a chemical used in the production of polycarbonate and epoxy resins. Food and beverage packaging, particularly metal cans, may be internally coated with epoxy resins to protect food from direct contact with metal. BPA can migrate from the epoxy coatings into food, particularly at elevated temperatures (e.g., in hot-filled or heat-processed canned foods). Elevated BPA concentrations have been associated with products contained in syrups, sauces (i.e., tomato sauce), and salted water.

Health Canada has concluded that the current dietary exposure to BPA through food packaging is not expected to pose a health risk to the general population, including newborns and young children. This conclusion has been re-affirmed by other international food regulatory agencies, including those of Canada's major trading partners. As a result, the use of BPA in food packaging materials has not been prohibited in Canada. Health Canada has recommended that the general principle of ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) be applied by food packaging manufacturers and food processors to limit dietary BPA exposure from food packaging, particularly for products consumed by infants and newborns.

The 2011-2012 BPA survey targeted domestic and imported canned fruits, juices, beverages, vegetables, legumes, pasta, and soup. A total of 403 samples were collected from retail stores in 11 Canadian cities between April 2011 and March 2012. The samples collected included 101 fruit products, 50 juices/beverages, 151 vegetables/legumes, and 101 pastas/soups. Only canned products were sampled, as these products are likely to have epoxy coatings.

Bisphenol A was not detected in 98.5% of the survey samples. BPA was detected in six samples in this survey (one pasta in tomato sauce, three whole-style cut carrots, one tender peas, and one cream-style corn). BPA was not detected in any of the fruit products, juices, beverages, or soups. There are no Canadian regulations or maximum levels (tolerances or standards) for BPA in foods sold in Canada, so compliance to a numerical standard could not be assessed. The results were evaluated and, where appropriate, Health Canada was consulted on the observed BPA levels. None of the samples were determined to pose a concern to human health. Appropriate follow-up actions were initiated that reflected the magnitude of the human health concern.


Organization: Canadian Food Inspection Agency | Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments
Food Microbiology - Targeted Surveys - Final Report - Bacterial Pathogens in a Variety of Refrigerated, Multi-Ingredient, Ready-to-Eat Processed Foods - April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2018 

​A targeted survey on bacterial pathogens in a variety of refrigerated, multi-ingredient, ready-to-eat processed foods analysed 4,851 samples for Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and generic E. coli. Additionally, of the 4,851 samples, 3,282 samples were analysed for Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus. Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella and generic E. coli were not found in any of the samples. Bacillus cereus was found in two samples, Staphylococcus aureus was found in one sample and Listeria monocytogenes was found in five samples. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency conducted appropriate follow-up activities such as facility inspections and additional sampling. Three of the Listeria monocytogenes positive samples resulted in recalls of the affected products. No illnesses were reported in association with any of the positive samples.


Organization: Canadian Food Inspection Agency | Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments
Geolocated placenames in Canada

The collection of geolocated placenames in Canada represents a consistent and comprehensive distribution of named places across Canada.  Named places include large and small cities, villages, First Nations Communities, Small Hamlets etc.

This data draws from public information maintained by Natural Resources Canada as part of the Canadian Geographical Names Database and public information maintained by Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada.

The set of geolocated placenames is currently used for the administration of rural broadband Internet contribution programs, but is equally applicable for other mapping or modelling purposes where a comprehensive set of geolocated placenames across Canada is required.


Organization: Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada
Food Microbiology - Targeted Surveys - Scientific Publication - Microbiological Survey of Wheat Flour Sold at Retail in Canada, 2018 to 2019

​Following two O121 STEC outbreaks linked to wheat flour, this study was conducted to gain baseline information on the occurrence of bacterial pathogens and levels of indicator organisms in wheat flour in Canada. A total of 347 pre-packaged wheat flour samples were analysed for Salmonella, STEC, Listeria monocytogenes, Aerobic Colony Count, total coliforms and generic E. coli.  Salmonella and STEC O157 were not detected in any of the samples.  Listeria monocytogenes was identified in two samples (0.6%) and non-O157 STEC was isolated from 6 (1.7%) samples.  Aerobic Colony Counts, total coliforms and generic E.coli were detected (≥0.48 log CFU/g) in 98.8%, 72.6% and 0.6% of the flour samples respectively. 


Organization: Canadian Food Inspection Agency | Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments
Open Data for Chemistry Targeted Surveys - 2020-21 Bisphenol A and BPA Alternatives in Selected Canned Foods

​This dataset file and the results containe support and correlate with the CFIA Food Safety Bulletin Report - Bisphenol A and BPA Alternatives in Selected Canned Foods - April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021.

Organization: Canadian Food Inspection Agency | Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments
FSAP Chem TS - 2011-12 Coumarin in cinnamon and cinnamon-containing products - TS020 - Open Data

​​​The Food Safety Action Plan (FSAP) aims to modernize and enhance Canada's food safety system. As part of the FSAP enhanced surveillance initiative, targeted surveys are used to test various foods for specific chemical and microbiological hazards.

The main objective of this targeted survey was to generate baseline surveillance data on the level of coumarin in cinnamon and cinnamon-containing products available on the Canadian retail market.

Coumarin is a natural, fragrant compound found in plants such as cinnamon, tonka beans, and sweet clover. Coumarin has been utilized as a flavouring/aromatic compound in the food and perfume industry for many years until evidence related to its toxicological properties (namely, adverse health effects in rodents and dogs) led to its use in food being discontinued or banned in a number of countries, such as Canada and the United States. The direct addition of coumarin to food is not permitted in Canada. It is understood that low exposure to coumarin from natural sources is expected and not anticipated to represent a health risk.

The 2011-2012 Coumarin survey targeted domestic and imported cinnamon and cinnamon-containing products. A total of 193 samples were collected from grocery and specialty stores in 11 Canadian cities between April 2011 and March 2012. All products sampled contained cinnamon in their list of ingredients. The samples collected included ground cinnamon, cinnamon sticks, spice mixes (such as pumpkin pie spice, curry mixes, Chinese five spice), breakfast cereals, baking mixes (muffin and cake mixes), baked goods (cookies, granola/breakfast bars), baby foods (such as infant cereals and purées), and dried tea.

Coumarin was detected in 98% of the survey samples. This is not unexpected, as all products were known to contain cinnamon and cinnamon is known to naturally contain low concentrations of coumarin. Unusually high concentrations of coumarin in a product relative to the overall dataset may indicate that coumarin has been directly added to a product, and may highlight the need for more detailed follow-up. This was not observed in any of the products tested in this survey. The highest concentrations of coumarin were observed in ground cinnamon (7816 ppm) and cinnamon sticks (6823 ppm), followed by spice mixes (2014 ppm), tea (1040 ppm), baked goods (95.3 ppm), breakfast cereals (56.7 ppm), baking mixes (45.8 ppm) and baby food (14.9 ppm), respectively. Coumarin concentrations reported in this survey were similar to coumarin levels reported in recent scientific articles. The results were evaluated by Health Canada. None of the samples were determined to pose an unacceptable concern to human health, and no follow-up actions were deemed necessary.​

Organization: Canadian Food Inspection Agency | Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments
FSAP Chem TS - 2010-11 Perchlorate in fresh fruits and vegetables, dairy products and infant formulae - TS006 - Open Data

​​The Food Safety Action Plan (FSAP) aims to modernize and enhance Canada's food safety system. As a part of the FSAP enhanced surveillance initiative, targeted surveys are used to test various foods for specific hazards.

The main objective of the perchlorate targeted survey was to generate baseline surveillance data on the levels of perchlorate in infant formulae, dairy products, and fresh fruits and vegetables available on the Canadian retail market.

Perchlorate is a chemical that occurs naturally in the environment (e.g., in some nitrate and potash deposits or formed in the atmosphere). It is also an environmental contaminant originating from industrial processing of rocket propellants, explosives, road flares, fireworks, and car airbags. Since perchlorate readily dissolves in water, it can be taken up and accumulated by plants and may also be transferred to animals through the consumption of perchlorate-contaminated feed or water.

In total, 611 samples, including 433 fresh fruits and vegetables, 89 dairy products (milk, cheese and yogurt), and 89 infant formulae, were collected from Canadian retail stores and analyzed for perchlorate. As no maximum level, tolerance, or standard has been established by Health Canada for perchlorate in food, compliance with Canadian regulations was not evaluated in this survey.

Overall, 65% of fresh fruit and vegetable, 87% of dairy product, and 63% of infant formula samples analyzed were found to contain detectable levels of perchlorate in the range of 2 to 540 parts per billion (ppb). Within the commodity types analyzed in this survey, the highest average perchlorate levels were found in cucumbers (48.6 ppb) and tomatoes (44.9 ppb), cheese (5 ppb) and yogurt (4.9 ppb), and soy-based infant formula (16.7 ppb – tested as sold, not as consumed).

The perchlorate levels in dairy products and most fresh fruit and vegetable samples analyzed in this survey were consistent with those reported in the scientific literature. Average perchlorate levels detected in strawberry, cucumber, tomato, and infant formula samples were slightly higher than most of the levels reported in the scientific literature, although in some cases only limited data was available for comparison.

All data generated were shared with Health Canada for use in performing future human health risk assessments. The levels of perchlorate found in this survey were not expected to pose an unacceptable health concern. Additionally, the levels observed are not expected to represent a health concern over a lifetime exposure. No product recalls were warranted given the lack of health concern. As these contaminants are generally addressed under the principle of ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable), appropriate follow-up actions such as notification of importer and continuation of the perchlorate targeted survey were initiated based on the results of this survey.

Organization: Canadian Food Inspection Agency | Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments
FSAP Chem TS - 2014-15 Coumarin in cinnamon-containing foods and vanilla extracts - TS020 - Open Data

Targeted surveys provide information on potential food hazards and enhance the Canadian Food Inspection Agency's (CFIA's) routine monitoring programs. These surveys provide evidence regarding the safety of the food supply, identify potential emerging hazards, and contribute new information and data to food categories where it may be limited or non-existent. They are often used by the Agency to focus surveillance on potential areas of higher risk. Surveys can also help to identify trends and provide information about how industry complies with Canadian regulations.

Coumarin is a natural compound found in plants such as cinnamon and tonka beans. Coumarin was utilized as a flavouring agent in the food and perfume industries for many years until evidence of toxicological properties and potential adverse effects on the liver led to its use in food to be discontinued. Low exposure to coumarin from natural sources is expected and not anticipated to represent a health risk. The CFIA considered it important to examine the coumarin levels in commonly available cinnamon-containing products and vanilla extracts to ensure that the populations consuming these foods more frequently are not being exposed to higher levels and are not at risk.

This 2014 to 2015 targeted survey on coumarin generated further baseline surveillance data on the concentration of coumarin in domestic and imported products on the Canadian market. Seven hundred and thirty-nine products were sampled and analyzed, including 148 cooking sauces, 38 dried beverage mixes, 239 cinnamon and vanilla oils and extracts, 104 spice mixes and 210 tea samples. Coumarin was detected in 63% of the samples, with levels ranging from 0.2 ppm to 2170 ppm. The highest levels were detected in spice mixes and tea samples. The average and maximum coumarin concentration in spice mixes, dried tea, and baked goods were comparable to previous targeted surveys. Comparison of the survey results to scientific literature showed that the levels of coumarin detected in Canadian retail products are similar to those reported in a variety of scientific studies.

Health Canada (HC) determined the levels of coumarin in food observed in this survey are not expected to pose a concern to human health, therefore there were no follow-up actions resulting from this survey.

Organization: Canadian Food Inspection Agency | Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments
FSAP Chem TS - 2015-16 Coumarin in cinnamon, cinnamon-containing foods, and licorice flavoured foods - TS020 - Open Data

Targeted surveys provide information on potential food hazards and enhance the Canadian Food Inspection Agency's (CFIA's) routine monitoring programs. These surveys provide evidence regarding the safety of the food supply, identify potential emerging hazards, and contribute new information and data to food categories where it may be limited or non-existent. They are often used by the agency to focus surveillance on potential areas of higher risk. Surveys can also help to identify trends and provide information about how industry complies with Canadian regulations.

Coumarin is a naturally occurring sweet-smelling compound found in many plants, including cinnamon and tonka beans. Its derivatives can be found in plants commonly used as licorice flavour, such as fennel, aniseed and licorice root. Coumarin was used as a flavouring agent in the food and cosmetic industries for many years, and although its use in the cosmetic industry continues, it has been discontinued in the food industry due to evidence of potential toxic and adverse effects on the liver. Low exposure to this compound from natural sources is expected and not anticipated to represent a health risk. The CFIA considered it important to examine coumarin levels in commonly available ground cinnamon, cinnamon-containing products and licorice flavoured products to ensure that these are safe for consumption.

This targeted survey generated further baseline surveillance data on the concentration of coumarin in domestic and imported products on the Canadian retail market. The CFIA sampled and analyzed 747 products, including 200 baked goods, 29 cinnamon samples, 221 spice mixes and 297 tea samples. Coumarin was detected in 90% of the samples, with levels ranging from 0.2 ppb to 5040 ppb. The highest levels were detected in ground cinnamon and spice mixes. The average and maximum concentration in all categories were comparable to previous targeted surveys and a variety of scientific studies.

Health Canada (HC) determined that the levels of coumarin observed in this survey are not expected to pose a concern to human health, therefore there were no follow-up actions resulting from this survey.

Organization: Canadian Food Inspection Agency | Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments
Canada's conserved areas – Interactive map

The Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators (CESI) program provides data and information to track Canada's performance on key environmental sustainability issues. Canada's conserved areas indicators report the amount and proportion of Canada's terrestrial (land and freshwater) and marine area that is recognized as conserved. Well-managed conserved areas are one way to protect wild species and their habitats for present and future generations. Habitat conservation is a measure of human response to the loss of biodiversity and natural habitat. As the area conserved in Canada increases, more lands and waters are withdrawn from direct human development stresses, thereby contributing to biodiversity conservation and improving the health of ecosystems. In turn, healthy ecosystems provide benefits such as clean water, mitigation of climate change, pollination and improved human health. Information is provided to Canadians in a number of formats including: static and interactive maps, charts and graphs, HTML and CSV data tables and downloadable reports. See the supplementary documentation for the data sources and details on how the data were collected and how the indicator was calculated.

Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: https://www.canada.ca/environmental-indicators

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Agreements Between Canada and the Arctic 

Archived and Outdated Information: This publication is out of date and should be referenced for research or recordkeeping purposes only. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. You can request an alternate version of our publications by email at Accessibilite-accessibility@international.gc.ca or telephone at 1-800-267-8376.

A compilation of Canadian documents and agreements related to the Arctic. Includes selected reference materials and international cooperation agreements addressing scientific collaboration and marine oil pollution preparedness and response.

Organization: Global Affairs Canada | Affaires mondiales Canada
CNSC Cost Recovery Fee Schedule  Formula and Fixed Fees 2026-27

The CNSC’s Cost Recovery Program provides an equitable approach to funding CNSC activities by charging licensees all costs associated with regulatory oversight of the nuclear industry. Each year, the CNSC conducts a detailed analysis of its costs across all licence categories and use types. This analysis provides the basis for adjusting both the hourly rate and fee formulas.  [For more information.](https://www.cnsc-ccsn.gc.ca/eng/acts-and-regulations/cost-recovery-program/fees-schedule/)

Organization: Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission | Commission canadienne de sûreté nucléaire