AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Integrated pan-Arctic Snow Melt Onset from Satellite Measurements

The integrated pan-Arctic snow melt onset dataset was generated by combining active and passive microwave satellite derived estimates for northern high latitude land surface, ice caps, large lakes, and sea ice (Wang et al., 2011). This dataset allows snow melt dynamics to be examined in a full pan-Arctic context and enables exploration of interactions between the terrestrial and marine components of the cryosphere. It provides a unique dataset for validating snow cover simulations from regional or global climate models during the spring transition period when snow cover exerts the strongest feedback to the climate system.

The method used to generate the dataset can be found in the following reference: 

Wang, L., G. J. Wolken, M. J. Sharp, S. E. L. Howell, C. Derksen, R. D. Brown, T. Markus, and J. Cole (2011), Integrated pan-Arctic melt onset detection from satellite active/passive microwave measurements, 2000-2009, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D22103, doi:10.1029/2011JD016256. 


Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Data – Daily Temperature and Precipitation (AHCCD – daily T&P)

The data consist of homogenized daily maximum, minimum and mean surface air temperatures for more than 330 locations in Canada; adjusted daily rainfall, snowfall and total precipitation for more than 460 locations. The data are given for the entire period of observation. Please refer to the papers below for detailed information regarding the procedures for homogenization and adjustment.

References: 
Mekis, É. and L.A. Vincent, 2011: An overview of the second generation adjusted daily precipitation dataset for trend analysis in Canada. Atmosphere-Ocean, 49(2), 163-177.
Vincent, L. A., X. L. Wang, E. J. Milewska, H. Wan, F. Yang, and V. Swail, 2012. A second generation of homogenized Canadian monthly surface air temperature for climate trend analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D18110, doi:10.1029/2012JD017859.
Wang, X.L, Y. Feng, L. A. Vincent, 2013. Observed changes in one-in-20 year extremes of Canadian surface air temperatures. Atmosphere-Ocean. Doi:10.1080/07055900.2013.818526.

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
The Canadian Regional Climate Model Large Ensemble

The CanRCM4 large ensemble is a 50-member ensemble from 1950-2100 with all historical forcings for the North American Domain. Each ensemble member is driven by a member of the CanESM2 large ensemble (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/aa7b6823-fd1e-49ff-a6fb-68076a4a477c). The model, forcings, variable names, and file formats all follow those used in the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). Simulations were run to 2005 using CMIP5 historical forcings and then to 2100 using RCP 8.5 forcings following the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) protocols, which were employed for the CanESM2 large ensemble. The CanRCM4 large ensemble is an extension of the CanESM2 large ensemble proposed by the Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network (CanSISE) Climate Change and Atmospheric Research (CCAR) Network project.

Relevant Publications:

Description of the Model:

J. F. Scinocca, V. V. Kharin, Y. Jiao, M. W. Qian, M. Lazare, L. Solheim, G. M. Flato, S. Biner, M. Desgagne, B. Dugas, Coordinated global and regional climate modeling. J. Clim. 29, 17–35 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0161.1

Examples of applications of the large ensemble:

Fyfe, J.C., C. Derksen, L. Mudryk, G.M. Flato, B.D. Santer, N.C. Swart, N.P. Molotch, X. Zhang, H. Wan, V.K. Arora, J. Scinocca, 2017: Large near-term projected snowpack loss over the western United States, Nature Comm., 8:14996, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14996

Kirchmeier-Young, M. C., N. P. Gillett, F. W. Zwiers, A. J. Cannon, F. S. Anslow, 2018: Influence of human-induced climate change on British Columbia’s extreme 2017 fire season. Earth's Future, 7, 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EF001050.

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Basin averaged CanRCM4 variables for Western Canada

This dataset was extracted from the 50-member Large-Ensemble Canadian Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4-LE) (Scinocca et al., 2015), North American region 0.44°  horizontal grid resolution (NAM-44) model runs. Basin averaged means for nine river basins in Western Canada consisting of three variables: mean daily temperature (tas: K); precipitation (pr: kg m-2 s-1); and surface snow amount (snw: kg m-2) are provided.



Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Pelagic Seabird Atlas, West Coast of Canada

The Atlas of Pelagic Seabirds off the West Coast of Canada presents maps that display the distribution of 48 species of seabirds and two species pairs (i.e., Red-necked and Red Phalaropes, and Hawaiian and Galapagos Petrels).  Seabird surveys were conducted aboard commercial and Canadian federal government ‘ships-of-opportunity’ from 1982-1983 and 1991-2005 within the study area (45° N to 58° N and from the coast to 148° W).  Sightings of rare species that came from other sources (including some pre 1982 and post 2005) are also included in order to present as complete a picture as possible.

For 33 species and one species pair, the average densities within 5’ latitude by 5’ longitude grid cells are displayed seasonally.  The seabirds mapped in this manner include 11 species of Procellariiformes (albatrosses, fulmars, petrels, shearwaters and storm-petrels), and 24 species of Charadriiformes (phalaropes, skuas, gulls, terns and auks).

The sighting locations for an additional 15 species and one species pair are also mapped.  This group, comprised of 10 species of Procellariiformes and seven species of Charadriiformes includes species that are relatively uncommon to rare in the study area (but previously documented); and species that are extremely rare and/or have not been documented and thus remain unconfirmed.

These data may be used to generate presence/absence and trends in and estimates of relative abundance.  These data can also be used to examine patterns in temporal and spatial distribution. However, due to the opportunistic nature of the surveys, both in space and time, these data should not be used to determine absolute abundance.

The rationale for developing this atlas was the recognized need for a product that could assist with: coastal zone and conservation area planning; emergency response to environmental emergencies;  and identification of areas of potential interactions between seabirds and anthropogenic activities.  In addition, the data used to develop the document provides a baseline to compare with future seabird distributions in order to measure the impacts of shifts in composition, abundance and/or distribution of prey, and climatic and oceanographic changes.

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
TO2015 Pan and Parapan American Games Atmospheric Monitoring Observations

The Pan and Parapan American Games are a regional international summer sporting event, staged every 4 years in the year prior to the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games. The 2015 Games were awarded to Canada on November 6, 2009, by the Pan American Sports Organization.  The XVII Pan American Games and the V Parapan American Games were held in Toronto, Canada, from July 10–26, 2015, and from August 7–15, 2015, respectively. Canada welcomed the 40 other countries/nations of the Americas to Toronto and the municipalities of the Greater Golden Horseshoe Area in Ontario where the summer sports events of the 2015 Pan and Parapan American Games were hosted.

Environment and Climate Change Canada’s (ECCC) mission and mandate for the TO2015 Games was to provide essential services for enhanced weather monitoring and forecasting and for local-level preparedness activities. The key objectives were to enhance public safety and decision making by:
•	issuing weather warnings;
•	forecasting weather conditions;
•	supporting critical weather sensitive government services; and
•	monitoring atmospheric conditions.

The funding received by ECCC was used to provide state-of-the-art, 24/7, dedicated, venue-specific weather services during the Games (i.e., 24 hours per day, 7 days per week).

This section focuses on the foundational piece of the Project on which the rest of the IT infrastructure and meteorological services were built: the atmospheric monitoring network known as the Mesonet. This high spatial and temporal resolution network was comprised of new automated land- and marine-based weather stations, and additional experimental monitoring platforms. ECCC designed the Mesonet to monitor weather at the venues, while providing close tracking of southern Ontario lake breezes, which can be associated with severe weather initiation and high air pollutant concentrations. Knowledge about lake-breeze location would also increase our understanding of heat and air quality patterns, particularly in the urban environment.

“Mesonet” combines the words “mesoscale” and “network,” where “mesoscale” refers to a scale of between a few kilometres to several hundred kilometres. Within ECCC, and the field of meteorology in general, a Mesonet is a network of weather stations designed to observe mesoscale meteorological phenomena. Mesoscale weather events or phenomena range in horizontal scale from generally 1 km to 250 km, with time spans from several minutes to several hours.

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Foothills Orographic Precipitation Experiment (FOPEX)

The Alberta foothills are a primary source of spring runoff into the prairie regions to the east. For this reason, precipitation accumulations in the foothills are vital to prairie water resources.  The Foothills Orographic Precipitation Experiment (FOPEX) was initiated in 2002 to study the dynamics of precipitation and its relationship to elevation in the lee of the Rocky Mountains, including the quantification of processes such as the influence of up-slope (easterly) atmospheric flow on precipitation.  Six surface meteorological sites were installed in the Alberta Rocky Mountain foothills between Limestone Mountain and Caroline.  Data collection began in the fall of 2002 and several sites remained in operation until the spring of 2008.  

Each surface meteorological site measured accumulating precipitation, snow depth, surface pressure (at 3 sites), temperature, humidity, and wind speed and wind direction.  The sites were installed at strategic locations to obtain a transect through various elevations between 1000 and 2200 masl. The meteorological data was collected at a frequency of 30 minutes. Manual snow surveys were completed monthly during the snow accumulation and ablation periods during much of the project (2002 through 2006).

Information on FOPEX results can be found in Smith C.D. (2008) The Relationship between Monthly Precipitation and Elevation in the Alberta Foothills during the Foothills Orographic Precipitation Experiment. In: Woo M. (eds) Cold Region Atmospheric and Hydrologic Studies. The Mackenzie GEWEX Experience. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73936-4_10

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Survey of Intellectual Property Awareness and Use – Data Tables

The data tables provide the statistical results from the Survey Intellectual Property Awareness and Use (IPAU) . The survey measures general awareness of intellectual property by businesses in Canada, as well as whether and how they protect their intellectual property in Canada and abroad. The tables are available by enterprise size, by sector, and by economic region, for the reference period from 2017 to 2019. 

Organization: Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada
NAV CANADA - TO2015 Pan and Parapan American Games

NAV CANADA (NC) provided Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) with automated minutely weather observations from six select AWOS stations (i.e. airport locations) in southern Ontario as an experimental, proof-of-concept program in support of the 2015 Games.  The minutely data were at a higher temporal frequency than the hourly observations that are normally provided (sub-hourly weather specials, as required). The minutely data from these stations were considered raw and unofficial; observations can only be considered official after NC data processing and transmission to ECCC is in a specific format and fashion (as they are for hourly observations). For official automatic and staffed hourly observations for these and other airport locations in southern Ontario, please visit Climate Data Online  (http://climate.weather.gc.ca) or consult ECCC’s Meteorological Service of Canada Climate Services group (ec.services.climatiques-climate.services.ec@canada.ca) for more information.

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Mesonet Marine Stations Observations: Buoy 45155 - TO2015 Pan and Parapan American Games

The high spatial and temporal resolution network was comprised of new automated land- and marine-based weather stations, and additional experimental monitoring platforms. Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) designed the Mesonet to monitor weather at the venues, while providing close tracking of southern Ontario lake breezes, which can be associated with severe weather initiation and high air pollutant concentrations. To track the lake breeze, existing land and marine monitoring capacity was identified and expanded to define the Mesonet.

The Games hosted a number of open-water events in the inner harbour and south of the Toronto Islands, an area where the competition or logistics could be affected by thunderstorms, severe weather or heat stress. Marine buoys were part of the Mesonet system of additional monitoring technologies, with higher than standard temporal reporting, put in place to inform the ECCC forecast process. The more frequent reporting of marine weather conditions was a test and evaluation designed to determine whether it could provide an improvement in marine forecast accuracy or response times for alerts during active marine weather conditions.

The AXYS WatchKeeper™ buoy is a self-contained, solar-powered data acquisition system outfitted with a suite of meteorological and oceanographic instrumentation to measure wind speed and direction, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, water temperature, and wave height, period and direction. This WatchKeeper™ buoy is the first in Canada outfitted with a cellular modem to enable the transmission of weather reports every 10 minutes (standard is once per hour), directly to CMC in Montréal.

All data in these datasets are essentially ‘raw’, having undergone only minimal automated Quality Control (QC). The user is referred to an additional Instrumentation Metadata XLS file posted with the Datasets that describes specific data issues that the users must be aware of before using the datasets.

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Guidance for market authorization requirements for COVID-19 vaccines: Labelling and post-market requirements

The guidance document concerning amendments to the Food and Drug Regulations for drugs for use in relation to COVID-19 indicates that the plain language labelling requirements for mock-up labels and a brand name assessment package do not apply (C.08.002(2)(j.1) and C.08.002(2)(o)). Although not required, sponsors are invited to provide a brand name assessment should one be available.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Exceptional importation and sale of drugs in relation to COVID-19: Overview

the Minister of Health signed the Interim Order No. 2 Respecting Drugs, Medical Devices and Foods for a Special Dietary Purpose in Relation to COVID-19. IO No. 2 extends and modifies certain measures for drugs that were in the first interim order. An IO is one of the fastest mechanisms available to address large-scale public health emergencies, without following the usual regulatory processes.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Ensuring predictability for COVID-19 clinical trials and proposal for clinical trials records retention: Notice to stakeholders

The purpose of this notice is to advise stakeholders that Health Canada is proposing to: maintain the flexibilities and regulatory oversight provided by the Interim order respecting clinical trials for medical devices and drugs relating to COVID-19 until at least the fall of 2021, and bring forward regulatory amendments that would allow the flexibilities under the Interim Order to continue after the fall of 2021.

Organization: Health Canada | Santé Canada
Lake Winnipeg Basin Stewardship Fund - Map of Funded Projects

The Government of Canada is committed to the long-term sustainability of Canada's lakes and waterways to ensure that there is clean water for all Canadians, both for this, and future, generations. To this end, on August 2nd, 2012, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced the launch of Phase II of the Lake Winnipeg Basin Initiative (LWBI) with a five-year (2012-2017), $18 million investment through the Action Plan for Clean Water that will focus on improving water quality for people living in the region, as well as for fish and wildlife in and surrounding Lake Winnipeg.

The Lake Winnipeg Basin Initiative aims to restore the ecological health of Lake Winnipeg, reduce pollution from sources such as agriculture, industry and wastewater, and improve water quality for fisheries and recreation. The Lake Winnipeg ecosystem supports an annual freshwater fishery of $50 million and a $110 million recreation and tourism industry.

In addition, the Government of Canada is also providing support for community based projects through the Lake Winnipeg Basin Stewardship Fund - part of the Lake Winnipeg Basin Initiative and administered through Environment Canada's Lake Winnipeg Basin Office. The fund is cleaning up Lake Winnipeg by providing support to action-oriented water stewardship projects led by communities, conservation authorities, non-profit organizations and academic institutions.

The following is a  map describing the Lake Winnipeg Basin Stewardship Fund's funded projects at their geographical locations in Google earth.

To download Google earth copy this link,
http://www.google.com/earth/download/ge/agree.html

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Great Lakes Mesoscale Boundary Database - TO2015 Pan and Parapan American Games

Mesoscale boundaries have an important influence on mesoscale weather. They can trigger, enhance or inhibit convections and severe weather. They are also indicators of shifts in wind speed and direction, temperature and relative humidity, and can affect air quality and heat indices. Around the Great Lakes, it has been observed that mesoscale boundaries are prevalent and can have complex interactions between each other.

A mesoscale boundary is the interface between two air masses for weather phenomenon on a scale of 5km to 100km. Mesoscale boundaries are generally associated with wind and differences in temperature, pressure and relative humidity. During the 2015 Pan Am and Parapan Am Games periods, boundary information were collected from July 10 to August 15, 2015. These included lake and land breeze fronts, outflow boundaries, as well as merged and other boundaries.

Each mesoscale boundary is represented as a curve on the surface of the Earth with a list of coordinates. The data are stored in GeoJSON format and Shapefiles. A CSV file summarizes all the properties of the boundaries, but does not include any geometric information.

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Nest-defense behaviors in Fathead minnows after lifecycle exposure to the antidepressant venlafaxine

Venlafaxine is an antidepressant and anti-anxiety drug that has been detected in municipal wastewater at low micrograms per litre (ug/L) concentrations. In this study, the nest-defense behavior of adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) was observed in fish exposed for a full lifecycle to venlafaxine nominal concentrations. Nest-defense behaviors quantified were the time taken to contact a dummy intruder fish (on a flexible stick, held near each nest) and the number of contacts made during a 1 minute period. This study is the first to assess reproductive behaviors in fish exposed to an antidepressant over a full lifecycle.


Supplemental Information

The Chemicals Management Plan (CMP) is a Government of Canada initiative aimed at reducing the risks posed by chemicals to Canadians and their environment. A key element of the Chemicals Management Plan is the monitoring and surveillance of levels of harmful chemicals in Canadians and their environment. Monitoring and surveillance are essential to identify and track exposure to hazards in the environment and associated health implications. Monitoring and surveillance programs provide the basis for making sound and effective public health and environmental health policies and interventions, as well as measuring the efficacy of control measures.

In support of the Chemicals Management Plan, monitoring and surveillance initiatives were established to support Health Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada scientists, in collaboration with external partners and researchers, to advance our knowledge. This initiative has allowed the Government of Canada to increase its commitment to a number of existing monitoring initiatives, as well as to support new efforts.

For more information on the Chemicals Management Plan, please visit https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/chemicals-management-plan.html 

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Ice Thickness Program Collection, 1947-2002

The Ice Thickness Program Collection contains ice thickness and snow depth measurements for 195 sites. Sites such as Eureka and Resolute have ice thickness records that go as far back as 1947. Record length varies from station to station with some of the Arctic stations exceeding 50 years of observations.

Measurements are taken at approximately the same location every year on a weekly basis, starting after freeze-up when the ice is safe to walk on, and continuing until break-up or when the ice becomes unsafe. The location is selected close to shore, but over a depth of water which will exceed the maximum ice thickness.

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada
Ultraviolet Observations - TO2015 Pan and Parapan American Games

Four ground-based radiometers (ultraviolet radiation instruments) were deployed in the Greater Golden Horseshoe Area in support of the Games. They reported minute-by-minute observations of the ultraviolet (UV) component of sun exposure as defined by the Global Solar UV Index (UVI). The ultraviolet index or UV Index is an international standard measurement of the strength of sunburn-producing UV radiation at a particular place and time. 

The readings from these sensors were used to inform the operational forecast program, particularly to provide data for validation of the UV index forecasts from the Environment and Climate Change Canada numerical modelling system.

All data in these datasets are essentially ‘raw’, having undergone only minimal automated Quality Control (QC). The user is referred to an additional Instrumentation Metadata XLS file posted with the Datasets that describes specific data issues that the users must be aware of before using the datasets.

Organization: Environment and Climate Change Canada | Environnement et Changement climatique Canada