AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Global Tidal Range Classification

The tidal range is commonly classified in three categories: macrotides (ranges exceeding 4 m), mesotides (between 2 and 4 m) and microtides (lower than 2 m). Macrotides occur only in patches that are attached to the continents - an indication that the configuration of the continents acts as one of the organizing principles behind the global pattern of tides. This polygon layer was derived from classifying the [Global Tidal Range] raster into the known tidal range categories. Ocean tidal ranges based on lunar and solar semi-diurnal and diurnal harmonic amplitudes, 2*(M2+S2+K1+O1). This was computed using the [FES2014] model data obtained from AVISO. A tidal range is the difference in height between high tide and low tide. Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and Sun and the rotation of Earth. Tidal ranges are predictable and depend on date, time, and location. Some locations have very drastic (12 meters) tidal ranges such as the Bay of Fundy, Canada, other locations have very conservative (less than 0.5m) tidal ranges such as Kingston, Jamaica.
U.S. Minor High Tide Flooding

Annual occurrences of tidal flooding—exceeding local thresholds for minor impacts to infrastructure—have increased 5- to 10-fold since the 1960s in several U.S. coastal cities. The changes in high tide flooding over time are greatest where elevation is lower, local RSL rise is higher, or extreme variability is less. In a sense, today’s flood will become tomorrow’s high tide, as sea level rise will cause flooding to occur more frequently and last for longer durations of time.
Leveed Areas (Louisiana and Texas)

Levees Disclaimer Enclosed levee areas are displayed as gray areas on the maps. Major federal leveed areas were assumed high enough and strong enough to protect against inundation depicted in this viewer, and therefore no inundation was mapped in these regions. Major federal leveed areas were taken from the [National Levee Database]. Minor (nonfederal) leveed areas were mapped using the best available elevation data that capture leveed features. In some cases, however, breaks in elevation occur along leveed areas because of flood control features being removed from elevation data, limitations of the horizontal and vertical resolution of the elevation data, the occurrence of levee drainage features, and so forth. Flooding behind levees is only depicted if breaks in elevation data occur or if the levee elevations are overtopped by the water surface. At some flood levels, alternate pathways around—not through—levees, walls, dams, and flood gates may exist that allow water to flow into areas protected at lower levels. In general, imperfect levee and elevation data make assessing protection difficult, and small data errors can have large consequences.
Global Tidal Range

Ocean tidal ranges based on lunar and solar semi-diurnal and diurnal harmonic amplitudes, 2*(M2+S2+K1+O1). This was computed using the [FES2014] model data obtained from AVISO. A tidal range is the difference in height between high tide and low tide. Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and Sun and the rotation of Earth. Tidal ranges are predictable and depend on date, time, and location. Some locations have very drastic (12 meters) tidal ranges such as the Bay of Fundy, Canada, other locations have very conservative (less than 0.5m) tidal ranges such as Kingston, Jamaica. These tidal ranges can be helpful in determining if a tide-gauge is relevant for representing sea level data for a given location. Tidal ranges can be classified into the following categories: Microtidal - less than 2 meters Mesotidal - between 2 and 4 meters Macrotidal - Greater than 4 meters A polygon version of the classified tidal ranges can be found here: [Global Tidal Range Classification] feature layer.
Sea Surface Temperature Monthly Averages 1985-2009

This ArcGIS image service contains a set of monthly global day-night sea surface temperature averages, derived from the AVHRR Pathfinder Version 5 sea surface temperature cloud screened data set ([https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/avhrr-pathfinder-sst]). This image service layer can be viewed using a [map with a time slider]. The AVHRR Pathfinder SST data sets provide the longest, most accurate, and highest resolution consistently-reprocessed SST climate data record from the AVHRR sensor series. These data files were produced to facilitate the utilization of high resolution Pathfinder v5.0 sea surface temperature data within geographic information system (GIS) software. These day-night combined monthly and yearly means were produced from cloud-screened day-night monthly full resolution files of Pathfinder SST data from 1985-2009. The data are available for download at [https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0077816]. The original .HDF files are archived at the National Centers for Environmental Information under separate accession numbers. The GeoTIFF SST averages were assigned projection GCS_WGS_1984. In addition, browse images in PNG format with an associated KML file for each year are included with these data as well as detailed metadata. This is a time-enabled image service. Each image's date is stored in the "Date" field, with a format of YYYYMM. Sea surface temperatures are represented using this color scale: [SST color scale]
EMU Summary Table

The existence, sources, distribution, circulation, and physicochemical nature of macroscale oceanic water bodies have long been a focus of oceanographic inquiry. Building on that work, this paper describes an objectively derived and globally comprehensive set of 37 distinct volumetric region units, called ecological marine units (EMUs). They are constructed on a regularly spaced ocean point-mesh grid, from sea surface to seafloor, and attributed with data from the 2013 World Ocean Atlas version 2. The point attribute data are the means of the decadal averages from a 57-year climatology of six physical and chemical environment parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate). The database includes over 52 million points that depict the global ocean in x, y, and z dimensions. The point data were statistically clustered to define the 37 EMUs, which represent physically and chemically distinct water volumes based on spatial variation in the six marine environmental characteristics used. The aspatial clustering to produce the 37 EMUs did not include point location or depth as a determinant, yet strong geographic and vertical separation was observed. Twenty-two of the 37 EMUs are globally or regionally extensive, and account for 99% of the ocean volume, while the remaining 15 are smaller and shallower, and occur around coastal features. We assessed the vertical distribution of EMUs in the water column and placed them into classical depth zones representing epipelagic (0 m to 200 m), mesopelagic (200 m to 1,000 m), bathypelagic (1,000 m to 4,000 m) and abyssopelagic (>4,000 m) layers. The mapping and characterization of the EMUs represent a new spatial framework for organizing and understanding the physical, chemical, and ultimately biological properties and processes of oceanic water bodies. The EMUs are an initial objective partitioning of the ocean using longterm historical average data, and could be extended in the future by adding new classification variables and by introducing functionality to develop time-specific EMU distribution maps. The EMUs are an open-access resource, and as both a standardized geographic framework and a baseline physicochemical characterization of the oceanic environment, they are intended to be useful for disturbance assessments, ecosystem accounting exercises, conservation priority setting, and marine protected area network design, along with other research and management applications.
EMU Cluster Polygon

The existence, sources, distribution, circulation, and physicochemical nature of macroscale oceanic water bodies have long been a focus of oceanographic inquiry. Building on that work, this paper describes an objectively derived and globally comprehensive set of 37 distinct volumetric region units, called ecological marine units (EMUs). They are constructed on a regularly spaced ocean point-mesh grid, from sea surface to seafloor, and attributed with data from the 2013 World Ocean Atlas version 2. The point attribute data are the means of the decadal averages from a 57-year climatology of six physical and chemical environment parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate). The database includes over 52 million points that depict the global ocean in x, y, and z dimensions. The point data were statistically clustered to define the 37 EMUs, which represent physically and chemically distinct water volumes based on spatial variation in the six marine environmental characteristics used. The aspatial clustering to produce the 37 EMUs did not include point location or depth as a determinant, yet strong geographic and vertical separation was observed. Twenty-two of the 37 EMUs are globally or regionally extensive, and account for 99% of the ocean volume, while the remaining 15 are smaller and shallower, and occur around coastal features. We assessed the vertical distribution of EMUs in the water column and placed them into classical depth zones representing epipelagic (0 m to 200 m), mesopelagic (200 m to 1,000 m), bathypelagic (1,000 m to 4,000 m) and abyssopelagic (>4,000 m) layers. The mapping and characterization of the EMUs represent a new spatial framework for organizing and understanding the physical, chemical, and ultimately biological properties and processes of oceanic water bodies. The EMUs are an initial objective partitioning of the ocean using longterm historical average data, and could be extended in the future by adding new classification variables and by introducing functionality to develop time-specific EMU distribution maps. The EMUs are an open-access resource, and as both a standardized geographic framework and a baseline physicochemical characterization of the oceanic environment, they are intended to be useful for disturbance assessments, ecosystem accounting exercises, conservation priority setting, and marine protected area network design, along with other research and management applications.
Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) for Cetaceans in US Waters

The Cetacean Density and Distribution Mapping Working Group identified Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) for 24 cetacean species, stocks, or populations in seven regions (US East Coast, Gulf of Mexico, West Coast, Hawaiian Islands, Gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, and Arctic [encompassing the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort seas]) within US waters. BIAs are reproductive areas, feeding areas, migratory corridors, and areas in which small and resident populations are concentrated. BIAs are region-, species-, and time-specific. Information provided for each BIA includes the following: 1) a written narrative describing the information, assumptions, and logic used to delineate the BIA; 2) a map of the BIA; 3) a list of references used in the assessment; and 4) a metadata table that concisely details the type and quantity of information used to define a BIA, providing transparency in how BIAs were designated in a quick reference table format. BIAs were identified through an expert elicitation process. The delineation of BIAs does not have direct or immediate regulatory consequences. Rather, the BIA assessment is intended to provide the best available science to help inform regulatory and management decisions under existing authorities about some, though not all, important cetacean areas in order to minimize the impacts of anthropogenic activities on cetaceans and to achieve conservation and protection goals. In addition, the BIAs and associated information may be used to identify information gaps and prioritize future research and modeling efforts to better understand cetaceans, their habitat, and ecosystems.
Unsersea Features

Each undersea feature in the dataset is represented by a simplified polygon that includes the footprint of the feature. This footprint was derived through examination of historical bathymetric maps, bathymetric raster data, and primary scientific literature. Given our purpose in compiling the spatial extents of undersea features—to facilitate the search and retrieval of georeferenced information resources related to marine regions—we have determined that these simplified polygons are suitable for systems that permit users to search irregular geographic areas. It must be remembered, however, that the polygons are not authoritative spatial representations of the features in question. This caveat must be kept in mind if the USGS spatial extents of undersea features are used for purposes other than the search and retrieval of georeferenced information resources (for example, as a display layer in a geographic information system). The polygon shapefile, which includes 311 undersea features, is in unprojected geographic coordinates (decimal degrees) referenced to World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) as the horizontal datum. The geographic extent of the shapefile to the nearest degree is 0° E to 0° W longitude and 75° S to 90° N latitude. The shapefile folder also includes a virtual-globe representation of the dataset (KMZ file), suitable for viewing in Google Earth™. Figure 1 shows selected undersea features from the dataset. The new linked data representation of 299 of these undersea features and their spatial extents is provided in Turtle format, the Terse RDF Triple Language endorsed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C; 2014). A second Turtle file provides supporting information—the undersea feature designations, codes, and definitions employed in GNS (see United States Board on Geographic Names, 2005). Information obtained from: [https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1040/index.html ]on 04/08/2019
FAO Major Fishing Areas

FAO Major Fishing Areas for Statistical Purposes are arbitrary areas, the boundaries of which were determined in consultation with international fishery agencies on various considerations, including (i) the boundary of natural regions and the natural divisions of oceans and seas; (ii) the boundaries of adjacent statistical fisheries bodies already established in inter-governmental conventions and treaties; (iii) existing national practices; (iv) national boundaries; (v) the longitude and latitude grid system; (vi) the distribution of the aquatic fauna; and (vii) the distribution of the resources and the environmental conditions within an area. The rationale of the FAO Major Fishing Areas has been that the areas should, as far as possible, coincide with the areas of competence of other fishery commissions when existing. This system facilitates comparison of data, and improves the possibilities of cooperation in statistical matters in general. More Information: [http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home?uuid=ac02a460-da52-11dc-9d70-0017f293bd28]
National Data Buoy Center Station Observations (Hourly Update)

NOAA National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) Observations provide near–real time and historical meteorological and oceanographic measurements from a nationwide network of moored buoys, coastal stations, and oil rigs. These observations support marine operations, weather forecasting, climate analysis, and coastal and offshore management. Meteorological Observations NDBC platforms routinely measure: * Wind speed, direction, and gusts – used for marine forecasting, navigation safety, offshore operations, and search and rescue planning. * Atmospheric pressure – critical for detecting and tracking storms, fronts, and rapidly intensifying systems. * Air temperature and relative humidity – used in weather models, heat index calculations, and climate monitoring. * Visibility and precipitation (select stations) – support situational awareness for mariners and coastal users. Oceanographic Observations NDBC also collects key marine and ocean condition data, including: * Wave height, period, and direction – foundational for marine safety, coastal engineering, sediment transport studies, and wave energy assessments. * Sea surface temperature (SST) – used for weather prediction, climate variability studies, ecosystem monitoring, and fisheries management. * Water currents (select platforms) – support navigation safety, spill response, and ocean circulation analysis. * Water level and tides (co-located or integrated systems) – used for coastal flooding, storm surge analysis, and shoreline management. General Uses NDBC observations are widely used for: * Operational weather and marine forecasting by NOAA and international partners. * Navigation safety and maritime decision‑making for commercial shipping, fisheries, recreation, and offshore energy. * Emergency response (e.g., storms, oil spills, search and rescue). * Scientific research and climate analysis, including long-term trend assessment. * Coastal and offshore planning, engineering design, and environmental management. Dataset Summary Phenomenon Mapped: Buoy Observations (Meterological and Oceanographic) Geographic Extent: 50 United States plus Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands Layer Projection: World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 1984) Time Extent: Most recent Update Frequency: Hourly Visible Scale: This layer preforms well between scales of 1:50,000,000 to 1:1,000. Source: [National Data Buoy Center NDBC] Publication Date: June 15, 2026 This layer has a companion layer, [Latest Shipboard Observations (Hourly Update)], showing meterological and oceanographic observations taken onboard transiting vessels across the world. What can you do with this layer? NDBC data are commonly visualized and analyzed to provide spatial context for real-time conditions and decision support across marine, coastal, and ocean-related workflows. Questions? Please leave a comment below if you have a question about this layer, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.
NOAA Coral Reef Watch (CRW) Virtual Stations

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and ecologically important areas of the world. However, many reefs, are threatened by ocean temperatures that are increasingly becoming warmer than the coral animals' natural tolerance. According to [NOAA], when water is too warm, corals will expel the algae (zooxanthellae) living in their tissues causing the coral to turn completely white. This is called coral bleaching. When a coral bleaches, it is not dead. Corals can survive a bleaching event, but they are under more stress and are subject to mortality. The [NOAA Coral Reef Watch] program uses satellite data to provide current reef environmental conditions to quickly identify areas at risk for coral bleaching. The station data displayed in this map are derived from satellite based measurements of ocean temperature. These "virtual stations" are not actual buoys or in situ stations transmitting data, rather a spatial analyses for reef locations around the world are derived from 5 km resolution raster data. There are 213 points for the virtual stations around the world along with polygons describing the major tropical coral reef systems. Each station has several variables: * Alert Level: an index of the likelihood of coral bleaching, scaled from 0 (no heat stress) to 4 (coral mortality likely) based on the attributes below * Sea surface temperature: average temperature of the ocean surface derived from satellite measurements * Temperature anomaly: a comparison of the current surface temperature to the 1981-2010 historical average * Hotspots: number of degrees above the coral's threshold tolerance * Degree Heating Weeks: accumulated thermal stress experienced by corals Maintenance * Service data is maintained by the Overwrite Feature Service script running as a Scheduled Notebook Task * See [Sample OverwriteFS Notebook] Revisions * Jan 25, 2024: Updated Legend text for Area Layer, adding clarity * Jul 28, 2023: Applied updated Symbology and Popups from [Coral Reef Bleaching Stations] Web Map
Global Fishing Watch - Daily Fishing Intensity (Most Recent)

Overview This feature service provides a global view of the most recent daily fishing intensity records published by Global Fishing Watch. It supports near-current monitoring of fishing effort using rolling recent data that accounts for reporting latency and preserves a short historical window for continuity in summaries and analysis. Layer * Global Fishing Watch - Daily Fishing Intensity (Most Recent): A global feature layer of daily fishing effort observations, including fishing hours, gear type, vessel counts, location, and record age. The layer supports visualization and analysis of the latest fishing activity patterns. Geographic Coverage The service covers global waters and is suitable for worldwide fishing activity monitoring and spatial comparison. Use Cases * Monitoring recent fishing activity patterns * Supporting fisheries intelligence and situational awareness * Summarizing fishing effort by day, gear type, and area * Visualizing vessel activity in web maps and dashboards More information can be found here: [https://globalfishingwatch.org/our-apis/documentation] Below is a list of the various gear types for fishing that are found in the layer. Some gear types require slower travel and therefor occupy a particular space for longer durations of time.
Seabed Sediment Thickness

"Knowledge of terrestrial and marine sediment thickness is critical to understanding geological evolution and processes. Globally, erosion and biogenic sedimentation followed by transport and deposition by wind or water determines the first-order structure of sedimentary accumulation. Subsequently, sediments can be tectonically deformed, redeposited or even subducted and therefore enter the deep-Earth cycle." (1) Total Sediment Thickness of the World's Oceans and Marginal Seas - Version 3 (GlobSed) NCEI's global ocean sediment thickness grid of Divins (2003) updated by Whittaker et al. (2013) has been updated again for the NE Atlantic, Arctic, Southern Ocean, and Mediterranean regions. The new global 5‐arc‐minute total sediment thickness grid, GlobSed, incorporates new data and several regional oceanic sediment thickness maps, which have been compiled and published for the, (1) NE Atlantic (Funck et al., 2017; Hopper et al., 2014), (2) Mediterranean (Molinari & Morelli, 2011), (3) Arctic (Petrov et al., 2016), (4) Weddell Sea (Huang et al., 2014), and (5) the Ross Sea, Amundsen Sea, and Bellingshausen Sea sectors off West Antarctica (Lindeque et al., 2016; Wobbe et al., 2014). This version also includes updates in the White Sea region based on the VSEGEI map of Orlov and Fedorov (2001). GlobSed covers a larger area than NCEI’s previous global grids (Divins, 2003; Whittaker et al. 2013), and the new updates results in a 29.7% increase in estimated total oceanic sediment volume. [Source] 1. DOI: 10.1029/2018GC008115