AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Green Bonds

ESG debt instruments, including green bonds, social bonds, sustainability bonds, and sustainability-linked bonds, are fixed-income securities designed to sustain or improve the condition of the environment or society or governance practices. Green Bonds are fixed income instruments where the proceeds will be exclusively directed to finance or re-finance, in part or in full, new and/or existing green projects. Social bonds have use of proceeds that are dedicated to projects with positive social outcomes. Sustainability bonds have a mix of green and social use of proceeds. Sustainability linked bonds (SLB) are financial instruments where financial and structural characteristics are linked to achieving performance objectives that improve the condition of the environment or society. SLBs are not use-of proceed bonds. They typically include key performance indicators which are structurally connected to the issuer’s goal achievement. Sources: LSEG. Accessed on 2025-02-24; IMF staff calculations. Category: Climate Finance Data series: The following data series are available by debt instruments: * ESG Bond Issuances * ESG Bond Outstanding * ESG Bond Issuances by Type of Issuers * ESG Bond Issuances by Country * Cumulative ESG Bond Issuances by Type of Currency * Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Use of Proceeds * Cumulative Social Bond Issuances by Use of Proceeds * Cumulative Sustainability Bond Issuances by Use of Proceeds * Sovereign Green Bond Issuances Metadata: The source dataset is based on LSEG (formerly Refinitiv), which contain bond-by-bond issuances for Green Bonds, Social Bonds, Sustainability Bonds, and Sustainability-Linked Bonds starting from 2006 to 2024. Bonds by type encompass investment grade, high-yield, and not-rated bonds, commercial papers, certificates of deposit, and sukuks. By issuer type, bonds encompass government, corporate, agency, non-US munis, and other gov/supra bonds. Methodology: The data are aggregated by country of incorporations, use of proceeds, type of currency and type of issuers (nonfinancial corporations, other financial corporations, banks, state owned entities, sovereign, state and local governments and international organizations). Sovereign green bonds are green bonds issued by central governments and central banks. Compilation of the indicator is based on the methodology used by London Stock Exchange Group, and divergences may be observed when compared to data from other providers.
Annual Surface Temperature Change

Estimates of changes in the mean surface temperature are presented, in Degree Celsius, for the years 1961-2024 by country and for World. Source:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2022. FAOSTAT Climate Change, Climate Indicators, Temperature change. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Extracted from:[https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/ET]. Category:Climate and Weather Data series: * Temperature change with respect to a baseline climatology, corresponding to the period 1951-1980 Metadata: Statistics are acquired from the FAO. Data are based on the publicly available GISTEMP data, the Global Surface Temperature Change data distributed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA-GISS). Methodology: The time series temperature change at a point is calculated as a weighted average of the GISTEMP data over all stations within a given radius, with the closest stations weighted most heavily. The details of the method adopted by FAO for estimating Annual country level and global temperature change are available at –[https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/ET/ET_e.pdf] Disclaimer: Users are encouraged to examine the documentation, metadata, and sources associated with the data. User feedback on the fit-for-use of this product and whether the various dimensions of the product are appropriate is welcome.
CO₂ Emissions embodied in Domestic Final Demand, Production, and Trade

Annual country-level estimates of CO₂ emissions embodied in production and final demand for 66 countries are presented for the years 1995-2018. Annual country-level estimates of CO₂ emissions embodied in gross exports and gross imports for 66 countries are presented for the years 1995-2020. CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion embodied in domestic final demand, production, and trade are in million tons of CO₂ equivalent. Sources: OECD (2021), Trade in embodied CO2 (TeCO₂) Database, [https://www.oecd.org/sti/ind/carbondioxideemissionsembodiedininternationaltrade.htm]. International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2022. Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS). [https://data.imf.org/dot]. Category: Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Data series: * CO₂ Emissions Embodied in Final Demand, balance * CO₂ Emissions Embodied in Final Domestic Demand * CO₂ Emissions Embodied in Gross Exports * CO₂ Emissions Embodied in Gross Exports, balance * CO₂ Emissions Embodied in Gross Imports * CO₂ Emissions Embodied in Production Metadata: Total value of merchandise exports and imports by trade partners are taken from DOTS. CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion embodied in gross exports and gross imports in respect of the trade by 66 countries with the rest of the World have been taken from the OECD’s compilation of indicators on [Carbon dioxide emissions embodied in international trade (2021 ed.) ]which combines the Input-Output Database and Trade in embodied CO₂ (TeCO₂) Database. Methodology: The methodology used in the estimation of CO₂ emissions embodied in international trade and domestic final demand for the years 1995-2018 is discussed in Yamano, N. and J. Guilhoto (2020), [https://doi.org/10.1787/8f2963b8-en]. Estimates for the years after 2018 have been compiled by the IMF by trending forward the time series of CO₂ emissions embodied in gross imports and gross exports using annual estimates of value of merchandise exports and imports by trading partner taken from the IMF’s Direction of Trade Statistics database. References: Yamano, N. and J. Guilhoto (2020), "CO₂ emissions embodied in international trade and domestic final demand: Methodology and results using the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Database", OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, No. 2020/11, OECD Publishing, Paris, [https://doi.org/10.1787/8f2963b8-en].