School Learning Modalities, 2021-2022

The 2021-2022 School Learning Modalities dataset provides weekly estimates of school learning modality (including in-person, remote, or hybrid learning) for U.S. K-12 public and independent charter school districts for the 2021-2022 school year and the Fall 2022 semester, from August 2021 – December 2022.
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These data were modeled using multiple sources of input data (see below) to infer the most likely learning modality of a school district for a given week. These data should be considered district-level estimates and may not always reflect true learning modality, particularly for districts in which data are unavailable. If a district reports multiple modality types within the same week, the modality offered for the majority of those days is reflected in the weekly estimate. All school district metadata are sourced from the <a target="_blank" href="https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/files.asp#Fiscal:2,LevelId:5,SchoolYearId:35,Page:1">National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) for 2020-2021</a>.
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School learning modality types are defined as follows:
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<li><b>In-Person</b>: All schools within the district offer face-to-face instruction 5 days per week to all students at all available grade levels.</li>
<li><b>Remote</b>: Schools within the district do not offer face-to-face instruction; all learning is conducted online/remotely to all students at all available grade levels.</li>
<li><b>Hybrid</b>: Schools within the district offer a combination of in-person and remote learning; face-to-face instruction is offered less than 5 days per week, or only to a subset of students.</li>
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<b>Data Information</b>
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<ul>
<li>School learning modality data provided here are model estimates using combined input data and are not guaranteed to be 100% accurate. This learning modality dataset was generated by combining data from four different sources: Burbio [1], MCH Strategic Data [2], the AEI/Return to Learn Tracker [3], and state dashboards [4-20]. These data were combined using a Hidden Markov model which infers the sequence of learning modalities (In-Person, Hybrid, or Remote) for each district that is most likely to produce the modalities reported by these sources. This model was trained using data from the 2020-2021 school year. Metadata describing the location, number of schools and number of students in each district comes from NCES [21].</li>
<li>You can read more about the model in the CDC MMWR: <a title="COVID-19&ndash;Related School Closures and Learning Modality Changes &mdash; United States, August 1&ndash;September 17, 2021" href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7039e2.htm" target="_blank">COVID-19&ndash;Related School Closures and Learning Modality Changes &mdash; United States, August 1&ndash;September 17, 2021.</a></li>
<li>The metrics listed for each school learning modality reflect totals by district and the number of enrolled students per district for which data are available. School districts represented here exclude private schools and include the following NCES subtypes:
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Public school district that is NOT a component of a supervisory union</li>
<li>Public school district that is a component of a supervisory union</li>
<li>Independent charter district</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>“BI” in the state column refers to school districts funded by the Bureau of Indian Education.</li>
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<b>Technical Notes</b>
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<li>Data from August 1, 2021 to June 24, 2022 correspond to the 2021-2022 school year. During this time frame, data from the AEI/Return to Learn Tracker and most state dashboards were not available. Inferred modalities with a probability below 0.6 were deemed inconclusive and were omitted. During the Fall 2022 semester, modalities for districts with a school closure reported by Burbio were updated to either “Remote”, if the closure spanned the entire week, or “Hybrid”, if the closure spanned 1-4 days of the week.</li>
<li>Data from August