AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Soil Reflectance Composite

This dataset provides a nationwide bare soil reflectance composite for Germany derived from Sentinel-2 observations between 2015 and 2024. All available scenes from February to November were processed with the [FORCE framework](https://force-eo.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), including atmospheric correction, cloud masking, and resolution enhancement [(Frantz, 2019)](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091124). Soil reflectance is the mean across all valid bare soil observations [(Broeg et al., 2026)](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425725005139). Covers agricultural land defined by ATKIS Basis-DLM (© GeoBasis-DE / BKG, 2025).
Grassland Use Intensity

Annual 10 m grassland mowing event maps for Germany derived from time series of Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8/9 observations (2017-2024). The dataset maps detected mowing events as a proxy for grassland use intensity across Germany. It covers permanent grassland, potentially permanent grassland such as fodder crops, and other extensive grassland areas. The maps are derived from multi-sensor optical time series using the method described in [Schwieder et al. (2022)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112795). The algorithm is implemented as a user-defined function within the [FORCE](https://force-eo.readthedocs.io/) processing framework [(Frantz, D., 2019)](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091124). Each annual dataset contains seven layers: (1) total number of detected mowing events and (2-7) day-of-year (DOY) of the first to sixth detected mowing event. The spatial extent includes all areas classified at least once between 2017 and 2021 as permanent grassland, cultivated grassland, or fallow in the Thünen agricultural land use maps, which may lead to an overestimation of actual grassland extent. Users are advised to apply an appropriate annual land use mask for targeted analyses. The dataset is provided without warranty; accuracy assessment and methodological details are reported in [Schwieder et al. (2022)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112795).
Winter Cropland Cover


National-scale 10 m maps of winter cropland cover in Germany for 2017–2023, showing the extent of **winter crops**, 
**cover crops/green cover**, **residues**, and **bare soil**, derived from Sentinel-2 and Landsat fractional cover time series 
using soil-specific spectral unmixing ([Lobert et al., 2025a](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114594)).

Continuous winter cover reduces soil erosion and enhances soil organic carbon, making it essential for climate-smart agriculture 
and greenhouse gas mitigation. The methods used to produce the dataset and an analysis of the results are published in 
[Lobert et al. (2025b)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104728).
Crop Type Maps (v302)

Annual 10 m maps of agricultural land use classes in Germany for 2017-2025, produced with the **updated [v302](https://eodata.thuenen.de/collections/crop-type-map-v302) classification model** based on Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8/9 imagery. This version is the successor to the [v202](https://eodata.thuenen.de/collections/crop-type-map-v202) produced with the method by [Blickensdörfer et al. (2022)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112831) and is now based on the methods described in [Pham et al. (2024)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.103867). The class catalog remains fully compatible and is harmonized with v202. Maps cover agricultural land defined by ATKIS Basis-DLM (© GeoBasis-DE / BKG, 2020).
Crop Type Maps (v202)

**ARCHIVED:** Annual 10 m maps of the main agricultural land use classes in Germany derived from multi-sensor time series of Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat 8 (2017-2023).

The dataset includes dominant crop types, grassland, and other land use classes. Classification is based on dense satellite time series and additional environmental data using the methods described in [Blickensdörfer et al. (2022)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112831). All optical satellite data were processed with the open-source framework [FORCE](https://force-eo.readthedocs.io/). The spatial extent includes all areas in Germany classified annually as cropland, grassland, small woody features, heathland, peatland, or unvegetated according to ATKIS Basis-DLM (© GeoBasis-DE / BKG, 2020).

This version is **no longer updated after 2023** and remains available to ensure reproducibility of earlier analyses and to provide a consistent reference for studies based on the original classification model. For access to the most comprehensive and continuously updated timeline including preliminary in-season products, please see the [latest version](https://eodata.thuenen.de/collections/crop-type-map-latest).