AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
In-situ parallel nutrient sensor deployments at the OBSEA observatory, Spain

This dataset contains measurements of dissolved nitrate, phosphate and silica during two deployments, each lasting several weeks each at the OBSEA observatory during 2022 and 2023. Three prototype lab on chip in situ chemical analysers developed at the National Oceanography Centre, UK, were deployed at the site during summer 2022 and summer 2023. The nitrate sensor uses the Griess colorimetric assay and a copperised cadmium column to measure dissolved nitrate (and nitrite). Each sample measurement was calibrated by measuring onboard calibration standards prepared in artificial seawater with a salinity of 35. A blank solution and a standard solution containing 10 µmol / L of potassium nitrate were measured immediately prior to each sample measurement. Nitrate data is available between 2022-06-16 and 2022-07-06. Sample measurements were made every 2 hours initially, but this was decreased to once every 4 hours from 2022-06-30. The phosphate sensor uses a colorimetric assay based on the Molybdenum Blue method. Each sample measurement was calibrated by measuring onboard calibration standards prepared in artificial seawater with a salinity of 35. A blank solution and two standard solutions containing 0.5 µmol / L and 2 µmol / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were measured immediately prior to each sample measurement. Phosphate data is available between 2022-06-16 and 2022-07-05, with a sampling frequency of every 2 hours (decreasing to every 4 hours from 2022-06-30), and between 2023-07-21 and 2023-09-12, with a sampling frequency of every 12 hours. The dissolved silica sensor uses a colorimetric assay also based on the Molybdenum Blue method. Each sample measurement was calibrated by measuring onboard calibration standards prepared in artificial seawater with a salinity of 35. A blank solution and two standard solutions containing 5 µmol / L and 15 µmol / L of sodium hexafluorosilicate were measured immediately prior to each sample measurement. Dissolved silica data is available between 2023-07-21 and 2023-08-12, with a sampling frequency of every 6 hours. Timestamps in the datafiles are in UTC and concentration units are µmol / L. This work was made possible by a TNA from the JERICO-S3  project funded by the European Commission – H2020 Framework Programme (grant agreement No.871153).  
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Abundance data of large microzooplankton collected during the ABRACOS 1 and 2 surveys performed along the northeast Brazilian continental shelf, slope and open ocean

Abundance data (individuals.m-3) of large microzooplankton assemblages collected during two “Acoustics along the Brazilian coast” surveys ((ABRACOS 2)-[https://doi.org/10.17600/15005600]) performed along the northeast Brazilian continental shelf and slope between 5 and 9° S and around oceanic seamounts and islands from Fernando de Noronha ridge, including the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago itself and the Rocas Atoll. The surveys were carried out on board the French oceanographic vessel R/V Antea in austral spring (September–October 2015) and autumn (April–May 2017). Planktonic cnidarians were sorted from zooplankton samples collected at 34 and 45 stations in spring and autumn, respectively. Samples were collected through oblique hauls, with a Bongo net with a 64 µm mesh size and 0.3 m mouth opening. The water column was sampled from near the bottom to the surface over the continental shelf and from 200 m to the surface in the offshore. The net was towed at approximately 2 knots, at various times of day and night.
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Marine Meteorological Data from R/V Angeles Alvarino, 2023

The R/V Angeles Alvarino was built in 2012 for oceanographic research purposes. It mainly operates around the Iberian Peninsula and Canary island waters. Since the beginning of its operations, an automatic weather station has been continuously collecting marine meteorological data every minute, both at open sea and in port. The collected data are sent directly to the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) Data Center / National Oceanographic Data Center for delayed mode quality control and long-term archive. Recently, a semi-automatic process has been used to perform quality control and assessment of the data. Controlled data are stored in a standard MEDAR/MEDATLAS format, and the corresponding quality flag has been added to each individual measurement. This facilitate their reusing for different purposes, from climatology or academical studies to industrial sector needs, between others. In 2023, atmospheric pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction and solar radiation were collected.
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Marine Meteorological Data from R/V Ramon Margalef, 2023

R/V Ramon Margalef was built in 2012 for oceanographic research purposes. It mainly operates around the Iberian Peninsula and Canary island waters. Since the beginning of its operations, an automatic weather station has been continuously collecting marine meteorological data every minute, both at open sea and in port. The collected data are sent directly to the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) Data Center / National Oceanographic Data Center for delayed mode quality control and long-term archive. Recently, a semi-automatic process has been used to perform quality control and assessment of the data. Controlled data are stored in a standard MEDAR/MEDATLAS format, and the corresponding quality flag has been added to each individual measurement. This facilitate their reusing for different purposes, from climatology or academical studies to industrial sector needs, between others. In 2023, atmospheric pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction and solar radiation were collected.
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A dataset of Zostera marina and Zostera noltei structure and functioning in four sites along the French coast over a period of 18 months

The data concerns the structure and morphometry of the seagrasses Zostera marina and Zostera noltei, the diversity of the associated epifauna and the benthic fluxes of oxygen, carbon and nutrients. The dataset includes 103 sampling events divided among four sites and spread across three distinct marine biogeographic regions (i.e. the English Channel, Bay of Biscay and Western Mediterranean), and up to five seasons, depending on the site. The sampling scale allows inter-site and intra-habitat comparisons . Environmental conditions are also described at the site scale. As the most comprehensive and broadscale French dataset on seagrass structure and functioning  to date, it is useful for both data analysis and management actions.
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Subsurface temperatures from Bassas da India atoll

Subsurface temperatures from Bassas da India atoll from the inner lagoon, ranging from nov. 2022 to nov. 2024. The data-loggers used were HOBO Water Temperature Pro v2 Data Logger (U22) developped by Onset.
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Hydrographic data from the south-bound Drake 2006 section

An hydrographic section with closely spaced stations (12 nm distance) was performed across the Drake Passage during the DRAKE 2006, ANT-XIII/3 cruise on board RV Polarstern on her way south from Punta Arenas to Jubany station (King-George Island). The section acquired during 16 - 26 January 2006 follows ground track #104 of Jason altimetry satellite. Thus, the section runs parallel to the Shackleton Fracture Zone and crosses the Yaghan Basin and the Ona Basin. 

The data set comprises the 51 full-depth CTD stations of the south-bound section. The data were obtained with a Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 9/11+ with a 24 Hz sampling frequency. At the end of the cruise, the CTD sensors were sent to Sea-Bird Company for calibration. Conductivity and temperature sensor drifts were negligible (respectively, less than 10–5 S m-1 per year and less than 310–4 K per year). Salinity derived from the CTD measurements was compared with the salinity of samples taken from the water bottles, measured by Guildline-Autosal-8400 salinometer that was adjusted to IAPSO Standard Seawater. The data quality for salinity is better than ±0.002 and for temperature better than ±0.001 K. The data processed with Sea-Bird processing software have a vertical resolution of 0.1 m.

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Socheongcho Ocean Research Station (Socheongcho ORS): delayed mode dataset, annual release (2019)

Socheongcho Ocean Research Station (Socheongcho ORS) opened in October 2014, and was built to help advance the understanding of the dynamics of the Yellow Sea, including its influence on Korea’s marine, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments, via the continuous and simultaneous multidisciplinary observation of local air and sea environments. Socheongcho ORS is located in the central Yellow Sea about 50 km off the western coast of the Korean Peninsula. Its steel-jacket framed tower-type platform was built near the submarine rock named “Socheongcho” by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST). The Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA) has operated this platform since January 1, 2016. Socheongcho ORS stands 42 m in height above the datum level (DL) and consists of a boat landing plus 7 decks (Bottom Deck, Intermediate Deck, Cellar Deck, Accommodation Deck, Main Deck, Roof Deck, and Heli Deck). Most of its meteorological instruments and sensors are installed on the Roof Deck, including two anemometers, two barometer, two air temperature sensors, and two relative humidity sensors. Ocean temperature and salinity have been relatively consistently measured at Socheongcho ORS. Aanderaa inductive-type conductivity-temperature (CT) sensors are installed at depths of 5.5 m throughout the entire year, operating at 1 min sampling intervals by KHOA. Residential facilities are on the Accommodation Deck and the electrical control room are on the Main Deck, while a seawater desalination system and a diesel generator system are installed on the Cellar Deck.
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Frontal surveys during Calypso: SADCP, UCTD, and SOLO-II profiling floats

This is the third cruise for the US Office of Naval Research’s Coherent Lagrangian Pathways from the Surface Ocean to Interior (Calypso) project.  The program is motivated by the understanding that the vertical movement of water from the surface to depth across the base of the mixed layer has implications for the transport of properties, gases, biogeochemistry, and the fate of drifting particles/objects. However, vertical velocities are weak (about a thousand times smaller than horizontal velocities) and difficult to detect. To represent these motions we need to answer the following questions: (1) How are water and properties from the surface boundary layer exported to depth?  (2) What coherent pathways act as conduits for exchange? (3) What dynamics shapes these pathways? (4) What are the Lagrangian trajectories? (5) What are the time and space scales of subduction? (6) Where does the water end up?  (7) Can we predict these pathways in 3 dimensions and what data are needed to aid or constrain predictive models?  Previous work has established the theoretical basis for predicting coherent Lagrangian structures in the ocean. Confirmation of the predictive theory has only been accomplished in the horizontal dimension and the observational study and confirmation of predictive theories for 3D plus time have not yet been demonstrated. Calypso aims to: (1) Establish an understanding and predictive capability of the three-dimensional coherent pathways by which water carrying tracers and drifting objects is transported from the surface ocean to depths below the mixed layer. (2) Design and implement an observational study to test the theories, hypothesis, and predictions of the 3-D, time-evolving Lagrangian pathways. Due to the need to sample across a range of scales, we have set up this two-ship study with numerous autonomous and Lagrangian platforms.  Eurofleets+ helped the observational program succeed via the award of ship time on R/V Pelagia.  During the cruise, most of the operations from R/V Pelagia focussed on repeat surveys at a front and a cyclonic eddy to the NE of the front with a variety of ship-based measurements and autonomous platforms.  Two-ship operations combined repeat small-scale surveys by R/V Pelagia , which were embedded within larger scale surveys by R/V Pourquois Pas.  
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Gombessa 6 "Cap Corse" cruise: CTD profiles in Corsica, NW Mediterranean sea, July 2021

This dataset contains the CTD data collected during the GOMBESSA 6 cruise, from 1 to 12 July 2021, in Corsica, western Mediterranean, jointly by the (MARBEC MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation)-[http://www.umr-marbec.fr/en/?lang=en] (France) teams. The full-depth CTD profiles were performed using an autonomous SeaBird SBE 19plus V2 SeaCAT Profiler CTD, from the Pionnier vessel belonging to (Seaowl)-[https://web.facebook.com/page.andromede/?_rdc=1&_rdr] France and chartered by the French Navy. Nine stations, from the depth of 115 m to the surface, were sampled off the Corsica coasts (western Mediterranean basin) between latitude 43.11-43.74 °N and longitude 9.49-9.52 °E. The acquisition rate was 4 Hz. The accuracy, specified by the manufacturer, were ± 0.005 °C for temperature and ± 0.0005 S/m for conductivity. The dataset is provided in different formats (CSV, NetCDF, Ocean Data View collection), which contains, for each station the following parameters: Depth [salt_water,m] Temperature [ITS-90,deg-C] pH Salinity, Practical [PSU] Conductivity [S/m] Density [kg/m^3] Oxygen [mL/L] Oxygen_sat [% saturation] Oxygen_umoll [umol/L] Turbidity [NTU] Fluorescence [mg/m^3] Light [PAR/Irradiance] QC (reference: OceanSITES quality flags http://www.oceansites.org/docs/oceansites_user_manual_version1.2.doc) Julian Days and UTC time (yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.sss) The ZIP archives contain 1/ a map of stations 2/ the list of the ID stations, geographic coordinates and general metadata 3/ all raw data acquired, for all parameters, in CNV format, 4/ the downcasts and upcasts in CSV format, 5/ the upcasts only in ODV, 6/ NetCDF and 7/ TXT formats, and 8/ two vertical profile graphs including all stations (sea water temperature and oxygen). All data acquired are publicly accessible without any restriction (under CC-BY licence). The extracted data are accessible from this GOMBESSA 6 landing page with a downloadable ZIP file.
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Argon/Argon, micropaleontological and Uranium/Lead geochronological data for igneous and sedimentary rocks dredged during the VESPA scientific cruise

Abstract: The 2015 VESPA voyage (Volcanic Evolution of South Pacific Arcs) was a seismic and rock dredging expedition to the Loyalty and Three Kings ridges and South Fiji Basin. In this paper we present 33 Ar/Ar, 23 micropaleontological and two U/Pb ages for igneous and sedimentary rocks from 33 dredge sites at 25-28°S in this previously little-studied part of the southwest Pacific Ocean. Igneous rocks include basalts, dolerites, basaltic andesites, trachyandesites and a granite. Successful Ar/Ar dating of altered and/or low-K basalts was achieved through careful sample selection and processing, detailed petrographic and element mapping of groundmass, and incremental heating experiments on both phenocryst and groundmass separates to interpret the complex spectra produced by samples having multiple K reservoirs. The Ar/Ar ages of most of the sampled lavas, irrespective of composition, are latest Oligocene to earliest Miocene (25-22 Ma), but two are Eocene (39-36 Ma). The granite has a U/Pb zircon age of 23.6±0.3 Ma. Ar/Ar lava ages based on dating are corroborated by microfossil ages and by detrital U/Pb zircon dating of a sandstone. In a southwest Pacific regional context, the VESPA lavas are part of a >4000 km long disrupted western belt of Eocene to Miocene subduction-related volcanic rocks. The belt includes arc rocks in Northland New Zealand, Northland Plateau, Three Kings Ridge, and Loyalty Ridge and, more speculatively, D’Entrecasteaux Ridge, West Torres Plateau and Rennell Ridge. This western belt is the product of superimposed Eocene and Oligocene-Miocene remnant volcanic arcs that were stranded along the edge of Zealandia as still-active arcs migrated east with the Pacific trench. The eastern belt of Eocene-Miocene volcanic arcs is more tectonically disrupted and less well-sampled than the western belt. Overall Eocene-Miocene SW Pacific arc development is explained in terms of west-dipping subduction and southward propagating tectonics. Plain word summary: Samples of lava from the seabed between New Zealand and New Caledonia have been dated using atomic clocks and fossils. Most lavas erupted in a big pulse of volcanic activity between 25 and 22 million years ago. They are part of a >4000 km long belt of now-extinct undersea volcanoes that lie between New Zealand and the Solomon Islands, and which were related to early subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Australian Plate.
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Sample locations, Ar-Ar ages and major and trace element and isotope compositions for igneous rocks dredged during the VESPA scientific cruise

The SW Pacific region contains several ridges and basins that are inferred to represent pre-Quaternary volcanic arcs and back-arc basins. The geology of these features is less well characterized than that of the active Tonga-Kermadec and Vanuatu arcs. We report new major and trace element, and Pb, Hf, Sr and Nd isotope data for 27 lavas dredged from the Loyalty and Three Kings ridges during the 2015 VESPA cruise of R/V l'Atalante. Low-K basalts were dredged from the seabed deeper than 3300 m, and high-K to shoshonitic suites from shallower ridge crests at 2000–3300 m. The samples are mainly basalts, with lesser trachybasalts, basaltic andesites, trachyandesites andesites, dacites, and one granite (anhydrous SiO2 and K2O + Na2O range from ~47 to 64 and 1.5 to 11 wt% respectively). Trace element patterns allow discrimination of three geochemical signatures, identified as i) depleted, ii) transitional and iii) enriched, based on their light to heavy rare earth element (REE) ratios (with La/Sm ranging from 0.4 to 8). Depleted and transitional samples are basalts, featuring REE concentrations similar to MORB, but with high field strength element and large ion lithophile element contents, typical of back-arc basin basalts. The most enriched samples are basaltic andesites, andesites, trachyandesites and trachytes with island arc magma trace element signatures. Pb isotope ranges are limited (208Pb/204Pb ~38 to 39.8, 207Pb/204Pb ~15.51 to 15.64 and 206Pb/~17.9 to 20.1), while Hf isotopes display more diverse compositions (eHf ranging from +7.7 to +14). Both Nd (eNd = 2.8–9.3) and Sr (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7026–0.7048) isotopes are correlated with Hf data. Trace element and isotopic compositions can be explained in terms of mixing between three distinct geochemical endmembers in the mantle resembling DMM, HIMU and EM-2 sources. Our study confirms voluminous subduction-related magmatism on the Loyalty and Three Kings ridges, mostly of Late Oligocene – Early Miocene age. The issue of polarity of subduction to generate these rocks remains open, but the composition-space-time distribution of the igneous rocks can be explained in the context of SW Pacific geodynamics using a west-dipping Pacific slab model.
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Raw CTD data and microstructure measurements for revisiting Thorpe scale analysis of diapycnal mixing in the Southern Ocean

The data set presented here is related to an article on revisiting Thorpe scale analysis in the Southern Ocean (submitted to GRL). The data enables the validation of a revised Thorpe scale analysis at 8 stations in the Southern Ocean: 1) 7 TurboMAP/CTD stations in Drake Passage in April 2009; 2) 1 TurboMAP/CTD station in the Kerguelen region in October 2011 

Reference to be cited as: 
Young-Hyang Park, Isabelle Durand, Jae-Hak Lee, Christine Provost. Revisiting Thorpe scale analysis for accessing a relable diapycnal diffusivity in the Southern Ocean. Submitted to GRL

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