AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
EUSeaMap 2023 Broad-Scale Predictive Habitat Map for the Caspian

This version is now archived, see the links below for the 2025 version which has superseded this version.

Output of the 2023 EUSeaMap broad-scale predictive model for the Caspian region, produced by EMODnet Seabed Habitats.

The extent of the mapped area includes the Caspian Sea.

The map was produced using a "top-down" modelling approach using classified habitat descriptors to determine a final output habitat.

Habitat descriptors differ per region but include:
Biological zone
Seabed substrate

Habitat descriptors (excepting Substrate) are calculated using underlying physical data and thresholds derived from statistical analyses or expert judgement on known conditions.

The model is produced using R and Arc Model Builder (10.1).

The model was created using raster input layers with a cell size of 0.00104dd (roughly 100 metres). The model includes the sublittoral zone only; due to the high variability of the littoral zone, a lack of detailed substrate data and the resolution of the model, it is difficult to predict littoral habitats at this scale.

A bespoke classification of benthic broad habitat types was developed as part of EMODnet Seabed Habitats. The classification of benthic broad habitat types used in column AllcombD was created as part of EMODnet Seabed Habitats. In column All2019DL2, benthic broad habitat types are described according to EUNIS 2022 classification level 2. In column MSFD_BBHT benthic broad habitat types are described according to MSFD classification.

Credit: Licensed under CC-BY 4.0 from the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) Seabed Habitats initiative (www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu), funded by the European Commission.
EUSeaMap (2023) Broad-Scale Predictive Habitat Map for the Caspian- Biological zones (a habitat descriptor)

Predictive Biological Zone layer produced by EMODnet Seabed Habitats as an input layer for the 2023 EUSeaMap broad-scale habitat model for the Caspian region. The extent of the mapped area includes the Caspian sea. The map of biological zone was produced using underlying physical data and thresholds derived from statistical analyses or expert judgement on known conditions.

The model is produced in R and Arc Model Builder (10.1). The model was created using raster input layers with a cell size of 0.00104dd (roughly 100 meters). The model includes the sublittoral zone only (Infralittoral to Abyssal zone).

The biological zones include:
Infralittoral
Offshore circalittoral
Circalittoral
Bathyal
Abyssal

An accompanying confidence layer is available for viewing and download from EMODnet Seabed Habitats.

Credit: Licensed under CC-BY 4.0 from the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) Seabed Habitats initiative (www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu), funded by the European Commission.
EUSeaMap (2021) Broad-Scale Predictive Habitat Map - Biological zones (a habitat descriptor)

Predictive Biological Zone layer produced by EMODnet Seabed Habitats as an input layer for the 2021 EUSeaMap broad-scale habitat model. The extent of the mapped area includes the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, and areas of the North Eastern Atlantic extending from the Canary Islands in the south to the Barents Sea in the North. The map of biological zone was produced using underlying physical data and thresholds derived from statistical analyses or expert judgement on known conditions.

The model is produced in R and Arc Model Builder (10.1). The model was created using raster input layers with a cell size of 0.00104dd (roughly 100 meters). The model includes the sublittoral zone only (Infralittoral to Abyssal zone).

An accompanying confidence layer is available for viewing and download from EMODnet Seabed Habitats.

Reports detailing the methods used in the previous versions of EUSeaMap (v2016 and V2019) are linked in online resources a new report is in progress.

Populus J. And Vasquez M. (Eds), 2017. EUSeaMap, a European broad-scale seabed habitat map. Ifremer Available from: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00388/49975/

Vasquez M., Manca E., Inghilesi R., Martin, S., Agnesi S., Al Hamdani Z., Annunziatellis A., Bekkby T., Pesch R., Askew A., Bentes L., Castle L., Doncheva V., Drakopoulou V., Gon├ºalves J., Laamanen L., Lillis H., Loukaidi V., McGrath F., Mo G., Monteiro P., Muresan M., O'Keeffe E., Populus J., Pinder J., Ridgeway A., Sakellariou D., Simboura M., Teaca A., Tempera, F., Todorova V., Tunesi L. and Virtanen E. EUSeaMap 2019, A European broad-scale seabed habitat map, Technical Report, 2019.  Available from: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00636/74782/

Credit: Licensed under CC-BY 4.0 from the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) Seabed Habitats initiative (www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu), funded by the European Commission.
EUSeaMap 2021 Broad-Scale Predictive Habitat Map for Europe

Output of the 2021 EUSeaMap broad-scale predictive model, produced by EMODnet Seabed Habitats.

The extent of the mapped area includes the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, and areas of the North Eastern Atlantic extending from the Canary Islands in the south to the Barents Sea in the north.

The map was produced using a "top-down" modelling approach using classified habitat descriptors to determine a final output habitat.

Habitat descriptors differ per region but include:
Biological zone
Energy class
Oxygen regime
Salinity regime
Seabed substrate
Riverine input

Habitat descriptors (excepting Substrate) are calculated using underlying physical data and thresholds derived from statistical analyses or expert judgement on known conditions.

The model is produced using R and Arc Model Builder (10.1).

The model was created using raster input layers with a cell size of 0.00104dd (roughly 100 metres). The model includes the sublittoral zone only; due to the high variability of the littoral zone, a lack of detailed substrate data and the resolution of the model, it is difficult to predict littoral habitats at this scale.

EUSeaMap is classified into EUNIS 2019 level 3 (or more detailed levels where appropriate), EUNIS 2019 level 2 , EUNIS 2007-2011, the MSFD benthic broad habitat types, the HELCOM HUB classification in the Baltic, and the recently revised habitat classification in the Mediterranean. In the Black Sea, EUSeaMap is not classified into EUNIS 2007-2011 (due to inapplicability), but is classified according to a classification that was developed by EMODnet Seabed Habitats (Populus et a, 2017, and for a revised version Vasquez et al, 2020, See Online resources).

Reports that provide methods used for the classification of the predicted habitats into the new 2019 EUNIS classification, regional classifications, and MSFD BBHT (v.2017) are linked in Online Resources. 

A report on the methods used in the 2021 version of EUSeaMap (Vasquez et al., 2021) and reports on previous versions (v2016 and V2019) are linked in Online Resources.

Credit: Licensed under CC-BY 4.0 from the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) Seabed Habitats initiative (www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu), funded by the European Commission.
EUSeaMap (2021) Broad-Scale Predictive Habitat Map - Substrate type (a habitat descriptor)

Classified seabed substrate types for European seas. Produced by EMODnet Seabed Habitats as an input layer for the 2021 EUSeaMap broad-scale habitat model, based on a combination of EMODnet Geology seabed substrate products and biological substrates extracted form individual habitat maps from surveys around European seas. The extent of the mapped area includes the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, and areas of the North Eastern Atlantic extending from the Canary Islands in the south to the Barents Sea in the north. The layer of seabed substrate was produced using data from EMODnet geology at the following scales:
- 1:25k, 1:30k, 1:45k,  1:60k, 1:70k (a new fine scale layer as of 2021)
- 1:50k 1:100k,1:250k (these were updated for 2021)
- 1:1M (not updated for 2021)
Biological substrates were included in the 2021 version of EUSeaMap to assist in the classification of biogenic habitats for the 2019 version of EUNIS. The Folk 5 classification of substrate is adopted because it is compatible with both the 2007-11 and 2019 versions of EUNIS, both of which have been applied in EUSeaMap 2021.

A report on the methods used in the 2021 version of EUSeaMap (Vasquez et al., 2021) and reports on previous versions (v2016 and V2019) are linked in Online Resources.
EUSeaMap (2021) Broad-Scale Predictive Habitat Map - Confidence in classification of energy levels

Confidence in the classification of energy level in the EUSeaMap (2021) broad-scale predictive habitat map.

Values are on a range from 1 (Low confidence) to 3 (High confidence).

Energy level is one of the layers of information used to categorise physical habitat types in EUSeaMap; these layers of information are collectively known as 'habitat descriptors'. Confidence in the classification of an energy level at any location is driven by both the confidence in the values of the input variables, and the confidence in the classification based on proximity to, and uncertainty in, the boundary between classes (i.e. areas closer to a boundary between two classes will have lower confidence).

Layers are also available showing confidence in the values of the input variables used to model energy levels (kinetic energy at the seabed and wave exposure).

A report on the methods used in the 2021 version of EUSeaMap (Vasquez et al., 2021) and reports on previous versions (v2016 and V2019) are linked in Online Resources.

Created by the EMODnet Seabed Habitats project consortium.
EUSeaMap (2021) Broad-Scale Predictive Habitat Map - Confidence in classification of biological zones

Confidence in the classification of biological zones in the EUSeaMap (2021) broad-scale predictive habitat map.

Values are on a range from 1 (Low confidence) to 3 (High confidence).

Biological Zone is one of the layers of information used to categorise physical habitat types in EUSeaMap; these layers of information are collectively known as 'habitat descriptors'. Confidence in the classification of a Biological Zone at any location is driven by both the confidence in the values of the input variables, and the confidence in the classification based on proximity to, and uncertainty in, the boundary between classes (i.e. areas closer to a boundary between two classes will have lower confidence). 

Layers are also available showing confidence in the values of the input variables used to model Biological Zones.

Detailed information on the modelling process is found in the EMODnet Seabed Habitats technical reports and its appendices (links in Resources).

Created by the EMODnet Seabed Habitats project consortium.
EUSeaMap (2021) Broad-Scale Predictive Habitat Map - Confidence in classification of MSFD Benthic Broad Habitat types, EUNIS 2019 habitat types and the Helcom Hub and Barcelona Convention Regional classification system habitat types

Confidence in the classification of:
- the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) Benthic Broad Habitat Types (V. 2017)
- the EUNIS 2019 habitat types
- the Helcom Hub regional classification system habitat types
- the Barcelona Convention classification system habitat types
in the EUSeaMap (2021) broad-scale predictive habitat map.

Values are 1 (low confidence), 2 (moderate confidence) or 3 (high confidence).

The final habitat type is classified by overlaying several layers of information; these layers of information are collectively known as 'habitat descriptors'. Habitat descriptors differ per region but include:
Biological zone
Energy class
Oxygen regime
Salinity regime
Seabed substrate
Riverine input

The confidence in the classification of the habitat type is taken as the minimum of the confidence in all of the relevant habitat descriptors at that location. 

Confidence values are also available for each habitat descriptor and input data layer.

Detailed information on the modelling process is found in the EMODnet Seabed Habitats technical reports and appendices (links in Resources). 

A link to the correlation table between MSFD Benthic Broad Habitat types* and the EUSeaMap 2016 biozone and substrate types is available in Resources.
*Marine Strategy Framework Directive Benthic Broad Habitat Types (V. 2017) are defined in:
COMMISSION DECISION (EU) 2017/848 of 17 May 2017

Created by the EMODnet Seabed Habitats project consortium.
Credit: Licensed under CC-BY 4.0 from the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) Seabed Habitats initiative (www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu), funded by the European Commission.

It is important to note that a habitat type confidence score is only relevant to that particular level of the classification system.
Modelled distribution map of Solitary Scleractinian fields in the North East Atlantic in 2021

Species distribution models (GAM, Maxent and Random Forest ensemble) predicting the distribution of Solitary Scleractinian fields assemblage in the Celtic Sea. This community is considered ecologically coherent according to the cluster analysis conducted by Parry et al. (2015) on image sample. Modelling its distribution complements existing work on their definition and offers a representation of the extent of the areas of the north-east Atlantic where they can occur based on the best available knowledge. This work was performed at the University of Plymouth in 2021.

Citation: Graves K.; Howell, K.; University of Plymouth (UoP), United Kingdom; (2023): Modeled distribution map of Solitary Scleractinian fields in the Northeast Atlantic in 2021. https://marineinfo.org/doc/dataset/8225
Modelled distribution map of discrete Lophelia pertusa colonies in the North East Atlantic in 2021

Species distribution models (GAM, Maxent and Random Forest ensemble) predicting the distribution of discrete Lophelia pertusa - Desmophylum pertusum colonies assemblage in the Celtic Sea. This community is considered ecologically coherent according to the cluster analysis conducted by Parry et al. (2015) on image samples. Modelling its distribution complements existing work on their definition and offers a representation of the extent of the areas of the North East Atlantic where they can occur based on the best available knowledge. This work was performed at the University of Plymouth in 2021.

Citation: Graves K.; Howell, K.; University of Plymouth (UoP), United Kingdom; (2023): Modelled distribution map of discrete Lophelia pertusa colonies in the North East Atlantic in 2021. https://marineinfo.org/doc/dataset/8243
Modelled distribution map of Acanella arbuscula assemblage in the North East Atlantic in 2021

Species distribution models (GAM, Maxent and Random Forest ensemble) predicting the distribution of Acanella arbuscula assemblage in the Celtic Sea. This community is considered ecologically coherent according to the cluster analysis conducted by Parry et al. (2015) on image sample. Modelling its distribution complements existing work on their definition and offers a representation of the extent of the areas of the North East Atlantic where they can occur based on the best available knowledge. This work was performed at the University of Plymouth in 2021. 

Citation: Graves K.; Howell, K.; University of Plymouth (UoP), United Kingdom; (2023): Modeled distribution map of Acanella arbuscula assemblage in the North East Atlantic in 2021. https://marineinfo.org/doc/dataset/8227
[GB001602] Collection of AnnexI habitats extracted from GeMS

This dataset shows the extent for some of Scotland's AnnexI habitats and physiographic features, extracted from the Geodatabase of Marine features adjacent to Scotland (GeMS) database (v24_1). Data include:

- Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time (H1110)
- Estuaries (H1130)
- Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide (H1140)
- Coastal Lagoons (H1150)
- Large shallow inlets and bays (H1160)
- Reefs (H1170)

The dataset represents the Scottish portion of the UK dataset submitted as part of the Article 17 of the Habitats Directive reporting in 2019.
EUSeaMap 2021 Broad-Scale Predictive Habitat Map - Arctic Mask (Habitat Descriptor)

Arctic mask shapefile produced by EMODnet Seabed Habitats as an input layer for the 2021,2023 and 2025 EUSeaMap broad-scale habitat models. Used as a proxy to delimit the Arctic zone and it is used to classify shallow habitats into Arctic habitat classes as required by the EUNIS 2022 habitat classification. Details on the methods used to classify EUSM are present in the report linked in the Online Resources (Vasquez et al., 2021a). 

The masks covers areas in the Barents Sea which are North of the polar front or where ice concentration exceeded 20% on average in 2018. The 20% threshold was derived from WMO ice classification and corresponds to "Very open drift ice". 

Created by the EMODnet Seabed Habitats project consortium in 2021, and used in the 2023 and 2025 versions of EUSeaMap. No updates have been made to this layer.  

A report on the methods used to create the layer are in the 2021 version of EUSeaMap (Vasquez et al., 2021b) and reports on previous versions (v2019 and v2023) are linked in the lineage. A report on the methods used in the 2025 version of EUSeaMap will be added in due course.

Credit: Licensed under CC-BY 4.0 from the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) Seabed Habitats initiative (https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/en/seabed-habitats), funded by the European Commission.
Specific diversity data of macrobenthic communities in the "Pierre Noire" study site in the English Channel from 1977 on

Monitoring of species richness, abundances of all macrobenthic species, biomass, sediment grain size, temperature and salinity
The experiment was designed to study long-term changes in community structure in response to global change (climatic change) and local anthropogenis pressures (e.g. eutrophication). Fine sand macrobenthic communities are monitored two to five times a year at the "Pierre Noire" site. The different parameters wich are measured are (1) total and specific abundances, (2) specific richness
Long-term Monitoring of the Phytoplankton at the SOMLIT-Astan Station in the Western English Channel from 2000 to Present

The monitoring at station SOMLIT-Astan (north of Roscoff - France, Western English Channel) was designed to study long term changes in phytoplankton communities in a global change context (diversity, phenology).
Phytoplankton communities are monitored twice a month according to the SOMLIT monitoring program (Service d'Observation en Milieu Littoral : http://somlit.epoc.u-bordeaux1.fr/fr/), national network performing measurements of hydrological parameters.
SOMLIT-Astan phytoplankton monitoring contains :1/  Microphytoplankton - Species abundances (according to Utermöhl method microphytoplankton abundances - number of cells per liter) ; 2/ Microphytoplankton - Species semi-quantitative occurrences (20µm net haul, occurrence code : "1" present, "2" numerous, "3"dominant) ; 3/ Functionnal group abundances (Flowcytometry - number of cells per milliliter) : pico-, nano-phytoplankton, heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria. The datasets that are provided include only occurrence data determined through methods 1 and 2. Flow cytometry is thus not included. Sampling methods are summarised in http://ipt.sb-roscoff.fr/ipt/resource?r=phytoplankton_somlit-astan
CaspianSeaMap 2025 Broad-Scale Predictive Habitat Map - Seabed Substrate Type

Classified seabed substrate types for European seas. Produced by EMODnet Seabed Habitats as an input layer for the 2025 EUSeaMap broad-scale habitat model for the Caspian region, based on a combination of EMODnet Geology seabed substrate products and biological substrates extracted form individual habitat maps from surveys around European seas. The extent of the mapped area includes the Caspian sea. 

The layer of seabed substrate was produced using data from EMODnet geology at the following scales: 1:10k, 1:500k, 1:1m, 1:5m.

The seabed substrate include:
Rock and other hard substrata
Coarse substrate
Mixed sediment
Sand
Muddy Sand
Sandy Mud
Mud
Bottoms dominated by Mytilaster lineatus and Amphibalanus improvisus
Bottoms dominated by Dreissena grimmi

Biological substrates were included in the 2025 version of EUSeaMap to assist in the classification of biogenic habitats. A bespoke classification of benthic broad habitat types was developed as part of EMODnet Seabed Habitats.

An accompanying confidence layer is available for viewing and download from EMODnet Seabed Habitats - metadata is linked in the 'Composed of' section below.

A report on the methods used in the 2025 version of CaspianSeaMap will be published in due course and the report on previous version (v2023) is linked in lineage.

Credit: Licensed under CC-BY 4.0 from the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) Seabed Habitats initiative (https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/en/seabed-habitats), funded by the European Commission.
European beach litter aggregated datasets 2001/2023 v2025

EMODnet Chemistry aims to provide access to marine chemistry data sets and derived data products concerning eutrophication, ocean acidification, contaminants and litter. The chosen parameters are relevant for  the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), in particular for descriptors 5, 8, 9 and 10. The dataset contains standardized, harmonized and validated data collections from beach litter (monitoring and other sources). 
Datasets concerning beach and seafloor litter data are loaded in a central database after a semi-automated validation phase. Once loaded, a data assessment is performed in order to check data consistency and potential errors are corrected thanks to a feedback loop with data originators.
For beach litter, the harmonized datasets contain all unrestricted EMODnet Chemistry data on beach litter, including monitoring data, data from cleaning surveys and data from research. A relevant part of the monitoring data has been considered for assessment purposes by the European institutions and therefore is tagged as MSFD_monitoring. EMODnet beach litter data and databases are hosted and maintained by 'Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Division of Oceanography (OGS/NODC)' from Italy.
Data are formatted following Guidelines and forms for gathering marine litter data, which can be found at: https://doi.org/10.6092/15c0d34c-a01a-4091-91ac-7c4f561ab508
The updated vocabularies of admitted values are available at:
https://nodc.ogs.it/marinelitter/vocab
The European harmonized dataset is provided as csv format in two files, one containing the survey data and one containing the survey metadata. The dataset is available through direct download or through ERDDAP.
OSPAR Habitats in the North-East Atlantic Ocean - 2025 Point Records

This is a compilation of OSPAR habitat point data for the northeast Atlantic submitted by OSPAR contracting parties. The compilation is coordinated by the UK's Joint Nature Conservation Committee, working with a representative from each of the OSPAR coastal contracting parties. This public dataset does not contain records relating to sensitive species (e.g. Ostrea edulis) in specific areas, or where data are restricted from public release by the owner's use limitations.

The polygon data related to the OSPAR 2025 dataset is linked below.