AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Arctic Ocean Chlorophyll-a time series and trend from Observations Reprocessing

'''DEFINITION'''The time series are derived from the regional chlorophyll reprocessed (REP) products as distributed by CMEMS which, in turn, result from the application of the regional chlorophyll algorithms to remote sensing reflectances (Rrs) provided by the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (ESA OC-CCI, Sathyendranath et al. 2019; Jackson 2020). Daily regional mean values are calculated by performing the average (weighted by pixel area) over the region of interest. A fixed annual cycle is extracted from the original signal, using the Census-I method as described in Vantrepotte et al. (2009). The deasonalised time series is derived by subtracting the seasonal cycle from the original time series, and then fitted to a linear regression to, finally, obtain the linear trend. '''CONTEXT'''Phytoplankton – and chlorophyll concentration , which is  a measure of  phytoplankton concentration – respond rapidly to changes in environmental conditions. Chlorophyll concentration is highly seasonal in the Arctic Ocean region due to a strong dependency on light and nutrient availability, which in turn are driven by seasonal sunlight and sea-ice cover dynamics, as well as changes in mixed layer. In the past two decades, an increase in annual net primary production by Arctic Ocean phytoplankton has been observed and linked to sea-ice decline (Arrigo and van Dijken, 2015); in the same line Kahru et al. (2011) have showed that chlorophyll concentration peaks are appearing increasingly earlier in the year in parts of the Arctic. It is therefore of critical importance to monitor chlorophyll concentration at multiple temporal and spatial scales in the area, in order to be able to separate potential long-term climate signals from natural variability in the short term.'''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS'''While the overall trend average for the 1997-2021 period in the Arctic Sea is positive (0.86 ± 0.17 % per year), a continued plateau in the linear trend, initiated in 2013 is observed in the time series extension, with both the amplitude and the baseline of the cycle continuing to decrease during 2021 as reported for previous years (Sathyendranath et al., 2018). In particular, the annual average for the region in 2021 is 1.05 mg m-3 - a 30% reduction on 2020 values. There appears to be no appreciable changes in the timings or amplitude of the 2021 spring and autumn blooms. '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00188
EUROPEAN SEAS GRIDDED L4 SEA SURFACE HEIGHTS AND DERIVED VARIABLES REPROCESSED (1993-ONGOING)

'''Short description:'''Altimeter satellite gridded Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) computed with respect to a twenty-year [1993, 2012] mean. The SLA is estimated by Optimal Interpolation, merging the L3 along-track measurement from the different altimeter missions available. Part of the processing is fitted to the European Sea area. (see QUID document or http://duacs.cls.fr [http://duacs.cls.fr] pages for processing details). The product gives additional variables (i.e. Absolute Dynamic Topography and geostrophic currents (absolute and anomalies)). It serves in delayed-time applications.This product is processed by the DUACS multimission altimeter data processing system.'''DOI (product):'''https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00141
Mean Heat Transport across sections from Reanalysis

'''DEFINITION'''Heat transport across lines are obtained by integrating the heat fluxes along some selected sections and from top to bottom of the ocean. The values are computed from models’ daily output.The mean value over a reference period (1993-2014) and over the last full year are provided for the ensemble product and the individual reanalysis, as well as the standard deviation for the ensemble product over the reference period (1993-2014). The values are given in PetaWatt (PW).'''CONTEXT'''The ocean transports heat and mass by vertical overturning and horizontal circulation, and is one of the fundamental dynamic components of the Earth’s energy budget (IPCC, 2013). There are spatial asymmetries in the energy budget resulting from the Earth’s orientation to the sun and the meridional variation in absorbed radiation which support a transfer of energy from the tropics towards the poles. However, there are spatial variations in the loss of heat by the ocean through sensible and latent heat fluxes, as well as differences in ocean basin geometry and current systems. These complexities support a pattern of oceanic heat transport that is not strictly from lower to high latitudes. Moreover, it is not stationary and we are only beginning to unravel its variability. '''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS'''The mean transports estimated by the ensemble global reanalysis are comparable to estimates based on observations; the uncertainties on these integrated quantities are still large in all the available products. Note: The key findings will be updated annually in November, in line with OMI evolutions.'''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00245
Global High Resolution ODYSSEA Sea Surface Temperature Multi-sensor L3 Observations

'''Short description:''' For the Global Ocean- Sea Surface Temperature L3 Observations . This product provides daily foundation sea surface temperature from multiple satellite sources. The data are intercalibrated. This product consists in a fusion of sea surface temperature observations from multiple satellite sensors, daily, over a 0.05° resolution grid. It includes observations by polar orbiting from the ESA CCI / C3S archive .  The L3S SST data are produced selecting only the highest quality input data from input L2P/L3P images within a strict temporal window (local nightime), to avoid diurnal cycle and cloud contamination. The observations of each sensor are intercalibrated prior to merging using a bias correction based on a multi-sensor median reference correcting the large-scale cross-sensor biases. '''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/mds-00329
Black Sea Physics Reanalysis

'''Short description''':  The BLKSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_007_004 product provides monthly and daily ocean fields for the Black Sea basin starting from 01/01/1993. The hydrodynamical core is based on NEMO general circulation ocean model, implemented in the BS domain with horizontal resolution of 1/27° x 1/36° and 31 vertical levels. NEMO is forced by atmospheric surface fluxes computed by bulk formulation using ECMWF ERA5 atmospheric fields at the resolution of 0.25° in space and 1-h in time. The current version has closed boundary at the Bosporus Strait. The model is online coupled to OceanVar assimilation scheme to assimilate sea level anomaly along-track observations from CMEMS and available in situ vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from both SeaDataNet and CMEMS datasets. '''Product Citation''': Please refer to our Technical FAQ for citing products. http://marine.copernicus.eu/faq/cite-cmems-products-cmems-credit/?idpage=169'''DOI (Product)''': https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/BLKSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_007_004
Atlantic-Iberian Biscay Irish- Ocean Physics Reanalysis

'''Short description:'''The IBI-MFC provides a ocean physical reanalysis product for the Iberia-Biscay-Ireland (IBI) area starting in 01/01/1993 and being regularly updated on a yearly basis. The model system is run by Mercator-Ocean, being the product post-processed to the user’s format by Nologin with the support of CESGA in terms of supercomputing resources. The IBI model numerical core is based on the NEMO v3.6 ocean general circulation model run at 1/12° horizontal resolution. Altimeter data, in situ temperature and salinity vertical profiles and satellite sea surface temperature are assimilated.The product offers 3D daily, monthly and yearly ocean fields, as well as hourly mean fields for surface variables. Daily, monthly and yearly averages of 3D Temperature, 3D Salinity, 3D Zonal and Meridional Velocity components, Mix Layer Depth, Sea Bottom Temperature and Sea Surface Height are provided. Additionally, hourly means of surface fields for variables such as Sea Surface Height, Mix Layer Depth, Surface Temperature and Currents, together with Barotropic Velocities are distributed. Additionally, climatological parameters (monthly mean and standard deviation) of these variables for the period 1993-2016 are delivered.'''Product Citation''': Please refer to our Technical FAQ for citing products.[http://marine.copernicus.eu/faq/cite-cmems-products-cmems-credit/?idpage=169]'''DOI (Product)''': https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00029
Black Sea - High Resolution Diurnal Subskin Sea Surface Temperature Analysis

'''Short description:'''For the Black Sea - the CNR diurnal sub-skin Sea Surface Temperature product provides daily gap-free (L4) maps of hourly mean sub-skin SST at 1/16° (0.0625°) horizontal resolution over the CMEMS Black Sea (BS) domain, by combining infrared satellite and model data (Marullo et al., 2014). The implementation of this product takes advantage of the consolidated operational SST processing chains that provide daily mean SST fields over the same basin (Buongiorno Nardelli et al., 2013). The sub-skin temperature is the temperature at the base of the thermal skin layer and it is equivalent to the foundation SST at night, but during daytime it can be significantly different under favorable (clear sky and low wind) diurnal warming conditions. The sub-skin SST L4 product is created by combining geostationary satellite observations aquired from SEVIRI and model data (used as first-guess) aquired from the CMEMS BS Monitoring Forecasting Center (MFC). This approach takes advantage of geostationary satellite observations as the input signal source to produce hourly gap-free SST fields using model analyses as first-guess. The resulting SST anomaly field (satellite-model) is free, or nearly free, of any diurnal cycle, thus allowing to interpolate SST anomalies using satellite data acquired at different times of the day (Marullo et al., 2014).'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00157
Black Sea - High Resolution and Ultra High Resolution L3S Sea Surface Temperature

'''Short description:''' For the Black Sea (BS), the CNR BS Sea Surface Temperature (SST) processing chain provides supercollated (merged multisensor, L3S) SST data remapped over the Black Sea at high (1/16°)  and Ultra High (0.01°) spatial resolution, representative of nighttime SST values (00:00 UTC). The L3S SST data are produced selecting only the highest quality input data from input L2P images within a strict temporal window (local nightime), to avoid diurnal cycle and cloud contamination. The main L2P data currently used include SLSTR-3A/3B, VIIRS-N20/NPP, Metop-B/C AVHRR and SEVIRI. Consequently, the L3S processing is run daily, but L3S files are produced only if valid SST measurements are present on the area considered. '''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00158
Arctic Ocean - Sea and Ice Surface Temperature REPROCESSED

'''Short description:''' Arctic Sea and Ice surface temperature'''Detailed description:'''Arctic Sea and Ice surface temperature product based upon reprocessed AVHRR, (A)ATSR and SLSTR SST observations from the ESA CCI project, the Copernicus C3S project and the AASTI dataset. The product is a daily interpolated field with a 0.05 degrees resolution, and covers surface temperatures in the ocean, the sea ice and the marginal ice zone.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00123
Arctic Ocean - Sea and Ice Surface Temperature REPROCESSED

'''Short description:''' Arctic Sea and Ice surface temperature'''Detailed description:''' Arctic Sea and Ice surface temperature product based upon reprocessed AVHRR, (A)ATSR and SLSTR SST observations from the ESA CCI project, the Copernicus C3S project and the AASTI dataset. The product is a daily interpolated field with a 0.05 degrees resolution, and covers surface temperatures in the ocean, the sea ice and the marginal ice zone.'''DOI (product) :'''https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00315
GLOBAL OCEAN L4 SPECTRAL PARAMETERS FROM NRT SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS

'''Short description:'''Near-Real-Time multi-mission global satellite-based spectral integral parameters. Only valid data are used, based on the L3 corresponding product. Included wave parameters are partition significant wave height, partition peak period and partition peak or principal direction. Those parameters are propagated in space and time at a 3-hour timestep and on a regular space grid, providing information of the swell propagation characteristics, from source to land. One file gathers one swell system, gathering observations originating from the same storm source. This product is processed by the WAVE-TAC multi-mission SAR data processing system to serve in near-real time the main operational oceanography and climate forecasting centers in Europe and worldwide. It processes data from the following SAR missions: Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B. All the spectral parameter measurements are optimally interpolated using swell observations belonging to the same swell field. The SAR data processing system produces wave integral parameters by partition (partition significant wave height, partition peak period and partition peak or principal direction) and the associated standard deviation and density of propagated observations. '''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00175
Baltic Sea - SAR Sea Ice Thickness and Drift, Multisensor Sea Ice Concentration

'''Short description:'''For the Baltic Sea - The operational sea ice service at FMI provides ice parameters over the Baltic Sea. The products are based on SAR images and are produced on pass-by-pass basis during the Baltic Sea ice season, and show the ice thickness and drift in a 500 m and 800m grid, respectively.  The Baltic sea ice concentration product is based on data from SAR and microwave radiometer. The algorithm uses SENTINEL-1 SAR EW mode dual-polarized HH/HV data combined with AMSR2 radiometer data.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00133
MEDITERRANEAN SEA MEAN DYNAMIC TOPOGRAPHY

'''Short description:'''The Mean Dynamic Topography MDT-CMEMS_2020_MED is an estimate of the mean over the 1993-2012 period of the sea surface height above geoid for the Mediterranean Sea. This is consistent with the reference time period also used in the SSALTO DUACS products'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00151
Global Ocean - Delayed Mode Sea level product

'''Short description:'''This product integrates sea level observations aggregated and validated from the Regional EuroGOOS consortium (Arctic-ROOS, BOOS, NOOS, IBI-ROOS, MONGOOS) and Black Sea GOOS as well as from the Global telecommunication system (GTS) used by the Met Offices.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.17882/93670
Atlantic -Iberian Biscay Irish- Ocean Wave Reanalysis

'''Short description:'''The IBI-MFC provides a high-resolution wave reanalysis product for the Iberia-Biscay-Ireland (IBI) area starting in 01/01/1993 and being regularly extended on a yearly basis. The model system is run by Nologin with the support of CESGA in terms of supercomputing resources. The Multi-Year model configuration is based on the MFWAM model developed by Météo-France (MF), covering the same region as the IBI-MFC Near Real Time (NRT) analysis and forecasting product, but with an enhanced horizontal resolution (1/36º instead of 1/20º). The system assimilates significant wave height (SWH) altimeter data and wave spectral data (Envisat and CFOSAT), supplied by MF. Both, the MY and the NRT products, are fed by ECMWF hourly winds. Specifically, the MY system is forced by the ERA5 reanalysis wind data. As boundary conditions, the NRT system uses the 2D wave spectra from the Copernicus Marine GLOBAL forecast system, whereas the MY system is nested to the GLOBAL reanalysis.The product offers hourly instantaneous fields of different wave parameters, including Wave Height, Period and Direction for total spectrum; fields of Wind Wave (or wind sea), Primary Swell Wave and Secondary Swell for partitioned wave spectra; and the highest wave variables, such as maximum crest height and maximum crest-to-trough height. Additionally, climatological parameters of significant wave height (VHM0) and zero -crossing wave period (VTM02) are delivered for the time interval 1993-2016.'''Product Citation''': Please refer to our Technical FAQ for citing products.[http://marine.copernicus.eu/faq/cite-cmems-products-cmems-credit/?idpage=169]'''DOI (Product)''': https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00030
Atlantic- European North West Shelf- Ocean Biogeochemistry Reanalysis

'''Short  Description:'''The ocean biogeochemistry reanalysis for the North-West European Shelf is produced using the European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM), coupled online to the forecasting ocean assimilation model at 7 km horizontal resolution, NEMO-NEMOVAR. ERSEM (Butensch&ouml;n et al. 2016) is developed and maintained at Plymouth Marine Laboratory. NEMOVAR system was used to assimilate observations of sea surface chlorophyll concentration from ocean colour satellite data and all the physical variables described in [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_PHY_004_009 NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_PHY_004_009]. Biogeochemical boundary conditions and river inputs used climatologies; nitrogen deposition at the surface used time-varying data.The description of the model and its configuration, including the products validation is provided in the [http://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-NWS-QUID-004-011.pdf CMEMS-NWS-QUID-004-011]. Products are provided as monthly and daily 25-hour, de-tided, averages. The datasets available are concentration of chlorophyll, nitrate, phosphate, oxygen, phytoplankton biomass, net primary production, light attenuation coefficient, pH, surface partial pressure of CO2, concentration of diatoms expressed as chlorophyll, concentration of dinoflagellates expressed as chlorophyll, concentration of nanophytoplankton expressed as chlorophyll, concentration of picophytoplankton expressed as chlorophyll in sea water. All, as multi-level variables, are interpolated from the model 51 hybrid s-sigma terrain-following system to 24 standard geopotential depths (z-levels). Grid-points near to the model boundaries are masked. The product is updated biannually,  providing a six-month extension of the time series. See [http://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-NWS-PUM-004-009_011.pdf CMEMS-NWS-PUM-004-009_011] for details.'''Associated products:'''This model is coupled with a hydrodynamic model (NEMO) available as CMEMS product [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_PHY_004_009 NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_PHY_004_009].An analysis-forecast product is available from: [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_BGC_004_011 NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_BGC_004_011].'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00058
Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis

'''Short description:''' The GLORYS12V1 product is the CMEMS global ocean eddy-resolving (1/12° horizontal resolution, 50 vertical levels) reanalysis covering the altimetry (1993 onward).It is based largely on the current real-time global forecasting CMEMS system. The model component is the NEMO platform driven at surface by ECMWF ERA-Interim then ERA5 reanalyses for recent years. Observations are assimilated by means of a reduced-order Kalman filter. Along track altimeter data (Sea Level Anomaly), Satellite Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Ice Concentration and In situ Temperature and Salinity vertical Profiles are jointly assimilated. Moreover, a 3D-VAR scheme provides a correction for the slowly-evolving large-scale biases in temperature and salinity.This product includes daily and monthly mean files for  temperature, salinity, currents, sea level, mixed layer depth and ice parameters from the top to the bottom. The global ocean output files are displayed on a standard regular grid at 1/12° (approximatively 8 km) and on 50 standard levels.'''DOI (product) :'''https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021
Atlantic- European North West Shelf- Ocean Physics Reanalysis

'''Short  Description:'''The ocean physics reanalysis for the North-West European Shelf is produced using an ocean assimilation model, with tides, at 7 km horizontal resolution.  The ocean model is NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean), using the 3DVar NEMOVAR system to assimilate observations. These are surface temperature and vertical profiles of temperature and salinity. The model is forced by lateral boundary conditions from the GloSea5, one of the multi-models used by [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=GLOBAL_REANALYSIS_PHY_001_026 GLOBAL_REANALYSIS_PHY_001_026] and at the Baltic boundary by the [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=BALTICSEA_REANALYSIS_PHY_003_011 BALTICSEA_REANALYSIS_PHY_003_011]. The atmospheric forcing is given by the ECMWF ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis. The river discharge is from a daily climatology. Further details of the model, including the product validation are provided in the [http://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-NWS-QUID-004-009.pdf CMEMS-NWS-QUID-004-009]. Products are provided as monthly and daily 25-hour, de-tided, averages. The datasets available are temperature, salinity, horizontal currents, sea level, mixed layer depth, and bottom temperature. Temperature, salinity and currents, as multi-level variables, are interpolated from the model 51 hybrid s-sigma terrain-following system to 24 standard geopotential depths (z-levels). Grid-points near to the model boundaries are masked. The product is updated biannually provinding six-month extension of the time series.See [http://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-NWS-PUM-004-009_011.pdf CMEMS-NWS-PUM-004-009_011] for further details.'''Associated products:'''This model is coupled with a biogeochemistry model (ERSEM) available as CMEMS product [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_BGC_004_011]. An analysis-forecast product is available from [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NWSHELF_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_LR_004_001 NWSHELF_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_LR_004_011].The product is updated biannually provinding six-month extension of the time series.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00059