AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Baltic Sea sea surface temperature extreme variability mean and anomaly (observations)

'''DEFINITION'''The OMI_EXTREME_SST_BALTIC_sst_mean_and_anomaly_obs indicator is based on the computation of the 99th and the 1st percentiles from in situ data (observations). It is computed for the variable sea surface temperature measured by in situ buoys at depths between 0 and 5 meters. The use of percentiles instead of annual maximum and minimum values, makes this extremes study less affected by individual data measurement errors. The percentiles are temporally averaged, and the spatial evolution is displayed, jointly with the anomaly in the target year. This study of extreme variability was first applied to sea level variable (Pérez Gómez et al 2016) and then extended to other essential variables, sea surface temperature and significant wave height (Pérez Gómez et al 2018). '''CONTEXT'''Sea surface temperature (SST) is one of the essential ocean variables affected by climate change (mean SST trends, SST spatial and interannual variability, and extreme events). In Europe, several studies show warming trends in mean SST for the last years (von Schuckmann, 2016; IPCC, 2021, 2022). An exception seems to be the North Atlantic, where, in contrast, anomalous cold conditions have been observed since 2014 (Mulet et al., 2018; Dubois et al. 2018; IPCC 2021, 2022). Extremes may have a stronger direct influence in population dynamics and biodiversity. According to Alexander et al. 2018 the observed warming trend will continue during the 21st Century and this can result in exceptionally large warm extremes. Monitoring the evolution of sea surface temperature extremes is, therefore, crucial.The Baltic Sea has showed in the last two decades a warming trend across the whole basin with more frequent and severe heat waves (IPCC, 2022). This trend is significantly higher when considering only the summer season, which would affect the high extremes (e.g. Høyer and Karagali, 2016).''' KEY FINDINGS'''The mean 99th percentiles showed in the area go from 18.9ºC in Slipshavn to 21.0ºC around the Zealand Region, and the standard deviation ranges between 1ºC and 5ºC reached in the Estonian Coast.Results for this year show a general positive anomaly. This anomaly is noticeable in Rohukula and Virtsu tide gauges (Estonia) with +5ºC and +4.8ºC, but inside the standard deviation in both locations. The positive anomaly is remarkable in the South Baltic, in the area of Denmark Islands with an anomaly of +3.0ºC in Slipshavn and 1.2ºC of standard deviation and +2.2ºC of anomaly and 1.1ºC of standard deviation in Fynshavn and also in Greifswalder Island (+2.5ºC of anomaly; 1.7ºC of standard deviation). In the rest of the Baltic the anomaly, even when positive, is under the margin of the standard deviation. '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00204
Global Ocean Heat Content (0-2000m) time series and trend from Reanalysis & Multi-Observations Reprocessing

'''DEFINITION'''Estimates of Ocean Heat Content (OHC) are obtained from integrated differences of the measured temperature and a climatology along a vertical profile in the ocean (von Schuckmann et al., 2018). The regional OHC values are then averaged from 60°S-60°N aiming i)	to obtain the mean OHC as expressed in Joules per meter square (J/m2) to monitor the large-scale variability and change.ii)	to monitor the amount of energy in the form of heat stored in the ocean (i.e. the change of OHC in time), expressed in Watt per square meter (W/m2). Ocean heat content is one of the six Global Climate Indicators recommended by the World Meterological Organisation for Sustainable Development Goal 13 implementation (WMO, 2017).'''CONTEXT'''Knowing how much and where heat energy is stored and released in the ocean is essential for understanding the contemporary Earth system state, variability and change, as the ocean shapes our perspectives for the future (von Schuckmann et al., 2020). Variations in OHC can induce changes in ocean stratification, currents, sea ice and ice shelfs (IPCC, 2019; 2021); they set time scales and dominate Earth system adjustments to climate variability and change (Hansen et al., 2011); they are a key player in ocean-atmosphere interactions and sea level change (WCRP, 2018) and they can impact marine ecosystems and human livelihoods (IPCC, 2019).'''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS'''Since the year 2005, the upper (0-2000m) near-global (60°S-60°N) ocean warms at a rate of 1.0 ± 0.1 W/m2. Note: The key findings will be updated annually in November, in line with OMI evolutions.'''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00235
GLOBAL OCEAN L3 SPECTRAL PARAMETERS FROM NRT SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS

'''Short description:'''Near-Real-Time mono-mission satellite-based integral parameters derived from the directional wave spectra. Using linear propagation wave model, only wave observations that can be back-propagated to wave converging regions are considered. The dataset parameters includes partition significant wave height, partition peak period and partition peak or principal direction given along swell propagation path in space and time at a 3-hour timestep, from source to land. Validity flags are also included for each parameter and indicates the valid time steps along propagation (eg. no propagation for significant wave height close to the storm source or any integral parameter when reaching the land). The integral parameters at observation point are also available together with a quality flag based on the consistency between each propagated observation and the overall swell field.This product is processed by the WAVE-TAC multi-mission SAR data processing system. It serves in near-real time the main operational oceanography and climate forecasting centers in Europe and worldwide. It processes near-real-time data from the following SAR missions: Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B.One file is produced for each mission and is available in two formats: one gathering in one netcdf file all observations related to the same swell field, and for another all observations available in a 3-hour time range, and for both formats, propagated information from source to land.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00178
Black Sea, Bio-Geo-Chemical, L3, daily Satellite Observations (Near Real Time)

'''Short description:'''For the '''Black Sea''' Ocean '''Satellite Observations''', the Italian National Research Council (CNR – Rome, Italy), is providing '''Bio-Geo_Chemical (BGC)''' regional datasets:* '''''plankton''''' with the phytoplankton chlorophyll concentration (CHL) evaluated via region-specific algorithms (Zibordi et al., 2015; Kajiyama et al., 2018) and Phytoplankton Functional Types (PFT) evaluated via region-specific algorithm* '''''reflectance''''' with the spectral Remote Sensing Reflectance (RRS)* '''''transparency''''' with the diffuse attenuation coefficient of light at 490 nm (KD490) * '''''optics''''' including the IOPs (Inherent Optical Properties) such as absorption and scattering and particulate and dissolved matter (ADG, APH, BBP), via QAAv6 model (Lee et al., 2002 and updates)'''Upstreams''': SeaWiFS, MODIS, MERIS, VIIRS-SNPP & JPSS1, OLCI-S3A & S3B for the '''""multi""''' products, and OLCI-S3A & S3B for the '''""olci""''' products'''Temporal resolution''': daily'''Spatial resolutions''': 1 km for '''""multi""''' and 300 meters for '''""olci""'''To find this product in the catalogue, use the search keyword '''""OCEANCOLOUR_BLK_BGC_L3_NRT""'''.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00301
GLOBAL OCEAN L4 SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT FROM REPROCESSED SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS

'''Short description:'''Multi-Year gridded multi-mission merged satellite significant wave height. Only valid data are included. This Multi-Year product is processed by the WAVE-TAC multi-mission altimeter data processing system and is based on CMEMS Multi-Year level-3 SWH datasets (see the product WAVE_GLO_PHY_SWH_L3_MY_014_005).It merges along-track SWH data from the following missions: Jason-1, Jason-2, Envisat, Cryosat-2, SARAL/AltiKa, Jason-3 and CFOSAT. The resulting gridded product has a 2° horizontal resolution and is produced daily. Different SWH fields are produced: VAVH_DAILY fields are daily statistics computed from all available level 3 along-track measurements from 00 UTC until 23:59 UTC ; VAVH_INST field provides an estimate of the instantaneous wave field at 12:00UTC (noon), using all available Level 3 along-track measurements and accounting for their spatial and temporal proximity.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00177
Global Ocean- In-Situ Near-Real-Time Observations

'''Short description:'''Global Ocean   - near real-time (NRT) in situ quality controlled observations, hourly updated and distributed by INSTAC  within 24-48 hours from acquisition in average. Data are collected mainly through global networks (Argo, OceanSites, GOSUD, EGO) and through the GTS'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00036
Mediterranean Sea, Bio-Geo-Chemical, L4, monthly means, daily gapfree and climatology Satellite Observations (1997-ongoing)

'''Short description:'''For the '''Mediterranean Sea''' Ocean '''Satellite Observations''', the Italian National Research Council (CNR – Rome, Italy), is providing multi-years '''Bio-Geo_Chemical (BGC)''' regional datasets:* '''''plankton''''' with the phytoplankton chlorophyll concentration (CHL) evaluated via region-specific algorithms (Case 1 waters: Volpe et al., 2019, with new coefficients; Case 2 waters, Berthon and Zibordi, 2004), and the interpolated '''gap-free''' Chl concentration (to provide a "cloud free" product) estimated by means of a modified version of the DINEOF algorithm (Volpe et al., 2018); moreover, daily climatology for chlorophyll concentration is provided.* '''''pp''''' with the Integrated Primary Production (PP).'''Upstreams''': SeaWiFS, MODIS, MERIS, VIIRS-SNPP & JPSS1, OLCI-S3A & S3B for the '''"multi"''' products, and OLCI-S3A & S3B for the '''"olci"''' products'''Temporal resolutions''': monthly and daily (for '''"gap-free"''' and climatology data)'''Spatial resolution''': 1 km for '''"multi"''' and 300 meters for '''"olci"'''To find this product in the catalogue, use the search keyword '''"OCEANCOLOUR_MED_BGC_L4_MY"'''.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00300
Global Ocean Waves Reanalysis

'''Short description:'''GLOBAL_REANALYSIS_WAV_001_032 for the global wave reanalysis describing past sea states since years 1993. This product also bears the name of WAVERYS within the GLO-HR MFC. for correspondence to other global multi-year products like GLORYS. BIORYS. etc. The core of WAVERYS is based on the MFWAM model. a third generation wave model that calculates the wave spectrum. i.e. the distribution of sea state energy in frequency and direction on a 1/5° irregular grid. Average wave quantities derived from this wave spectrum. such as the SWH (significant wave height) or the average wave period. are delivered on a regular 1/5° grid with a 3h time step. The wave spectrum is discretized into 30 frequencies obtained from a geometric sequence of first member 0.035 Hz and a reason 7.5. WAVERYS takes into account oceanic currents from the GLORYS12 physical ocean reanalysis and assimilates significant wave height observed from historical altimetry missions and directional wave spectra from Sentinel 1 SAR from 2017 onwards.   '''DOI (product):'''https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00022
Mediterranean Sea Physics Reanalysis

'''Short description:'''The Med MFC physical multiyear product is generated by a numerical system composed of an hydrodynamic model, supplied by the Nucleous for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) and a variational data assimilation scheme (OceanVAR) for temperature and salinity vertical profiles and satellite Sea Level Anomaly along track data. It contains a reanalysis dataset and an interim dataset which covers the period after the reanalysis until 1 month before present. The model horizontal grid resolution is 1/24˚ (ca. 4-5 km) and the unevenly spaced vertical levels are 141. '''Product Citation''': Please refer to our Technical FAQ for citing products'''DOI (Product)''': https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004_E3R1'''DOI (Interim dataset)''':https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004_E3R1I
ODYSSEA Global Sea Surface Temperature Gridded Level 4 Daily Multi-Sensor Observations

This dataset provide a times series of gap free map of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) foundation at high resolution on a 0.10 x 0.10 degree grid (approximately 10 x 10 km) for the Global Ocean, every 24 hours.Whereas along swath observation data essentially represent the skin or sub-skin SST, the Level 4 SST product is defined to represent the SST foundation (SSTfnd). SSTfnd is defined within GHRSST as the temperature at the base of the diurnal thermocline. It is so named because it represents the foundation temperature on which the diurnal thermocline develops during the day. SSTfnd changes only gradually along with the upper layer of the ocean, and by definition it is independent of skin SST fluctuations due to wind- and radiation-dependent diurnal stratification or skin layer response. It is therefore updated at intervals of 24 hrs. SSTfnd corresponds to the temperature of the upper mixed layer which is the part of the ocean represented by the top-most layer of grid cells in most numerical ocean models. It is never observed directly by satellites, but it comes closest to being detected by infrared and microwave radiometers during the night, when the previous day's diurnal stratification can be assumed to have decayed.The processing combines the observations of multiple polar orbiting and geostationary satellites, embedding infrared of microwave radiometers. All these sources are intercalibrated with each other before merging. A ranking procedure is used to select the best sensor observation for each grid point. An optimal interpolation is used to fill in where observations are missing.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/mds-00321
Global Ocean 3D Chlorophyll-a concentration, Particulate Backscattering coefficient and Particulate Organic Carbon

'''Short description:'''This product consists of 3D fields of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC), Particulate Backscattering coefficient (bbp) and Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) at depth. The reprocessed product is provided at 0.25°x0.25° horizontal resolution, over 36 levels from the surface to 1000 m depth. A neural network method estimates both the vertical distribution of Chla concentration and of particulate backscattering coefficient (bbp), a bio-optical proxy for POC, from merged surface ocean color satellite measurements with hydrological properties and additional relevant drivers. '''DOI (product):'''https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00046'''Product Citation:''' Please refer to our Technical FAQ for citing products: http://marine.copernicus.eu/faq/cite-cmems-products-cmems-credit/?idpage=169.
Global Ocean Colour Plankton MY L4 monthly observations

'''Short description:'''For the '''Global''' Ocean '''Satellite Observations''', Brockmann Consult (BC) is providing '''Bio-Geo_Chemical (BGC)''' products based on the ESA-CCI inputs.* Upstreams: SeaWiFS, MODIS, MERIS, VIIRS-SNPP,  OLCI-S3A & OLCI-S3B for the '''""multi""''' products.* Variables: Chlorophyll-a ('''CHL''').* Temporal resolutions: '''monthly'''.* Spatial resolutions: '''4 km''' (multi).* Recent products are organized in datasets called Near Real Time ('''NRT''') and long time-series (from 1997) in datasets called Multi-Years ('''MY''').To find these products in the catalogue, use the search keyword '''""ESA-CCI""'''.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00283
Global Ocean Physics Analysis and Forecast

'''Short description'''The Operational Mercator global ocean analysis and forecast system at 1/12 degree is providing 10 days of 3D global ocean forecasts updated daily. The time series is aggregated in time in order to reach a two full year’s time series sliding window.This product includes daily and monthly mean files of temperature, salinity, currents, sea level, mixed layer depth and ice parameters from the top to the bottom over the global ocean. It also includes hourly mean surface fields for sea level height, temperature and currents. The global ocean output files are displayed with a 1/12 degree horizontal resolution with regular longitude/latitude equirectangular projection.50 vertical levels are ranging from 0 to 5500 meters.This product also delivers a special dataset for surface current which also includes wave and tidal drift called SMOC (Surface merged Ocean Current).'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00016
Global Ocean Colour (Copernicus-GlobColour), Bio-Geo-Chemical, L4 (monthly and interpolated) from Satellite Observations (Near Real Time)

'''Short description: '''For the '''Global''' Ocean '''Satellite Observations''', ACRI-ST company (Sophia Antipolis, France) is providing '''Bio-Geo-Chemical (BGC)''' products based on the '''Copernicus-GlobColour''' processor.* Upstreams: SeaWiFS, MODIS, MERIS, VIIRS-SNPP & JPSS1, OLCI-S3A & S3B for the '''"multi"''' products, and S3A & S3B only for the '''"olci"''' products.* Variables: Chlorophyll-a ('''CHL'''), Phytoplankton Functional types and sizes ('''PFT'''), Primary Production ('''PP'''), Suspended Matter ('''SPM'''), Secchi Transparency Depth ('''ZSD'''), Diffuse Attenuation ('''KD490'''), Particulate Backscattering ('''BBP'''), Absorption Coef. ('''CDM''') and  Reflectance ('''RRS''').* Temporal resolutions: '''monthly''' plus, for some variables, '''daily gap-free''' based on a space-time interpolation to provide a "cloud free" product.* Spatial resolutions: '''4 km''' and a finer resolution based on olci '''300 meters''' inputs.* Recent products are organized in datasets called Near Real Time ('''NRT''') and long time-series (from 1997) in datasets called Multi-Years ('''MY''').To find the '''Copernicus-GlobColour''' products in the catalogue, use the search keyword '''"GlobColour"'''.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00279
Arctic Ocean Physics Reanalysis

'''Short description:'''The current version of the TOPAZ system - TOPAZ4b -  is nearly identical to the real-time forecast system run at MET Norway. It uses a recent version of the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) developed at University of Miami (Bleck 2002). HYCOM is coupled to a sea ice model; ice thermodynamics are described in Drange and Simonsen (1996) and the elastic-viscous-plastic rheology in Hunke and Dukowicz (1997). The model's native grid covers the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans,  has fairly homogeneous horizontal spacing (between 11 and 16 km). 50 hybrid layers are used in the vertical (z-isopycnal), more than the TOPAZ4 system (28 layers). TOPAZ4b uses the Deterministic version of the Ensemble Kalman filter (DEnKF; Sakov and Oke 2008) to assimilate remotely sensed as well as temperature and salinity profiles. The output is interpolated onto standard grids and depths. Daily values are provided at all depths. Data assimilation, including the 100-member ensemble production, is performed weekly.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00007
North Atlantic Ocean Colour Plankton, Reflectance, Transparency and Optics MY L3 daily observations

'''Short description: '''For the '''Global''' Ocean '''Satellite Observations''', ACRI-ST company (Sophia Antipolis, France) is providing '''Bio-Geo-Chemical (BGC)''' products based on the '''Copernicus-GlobColour''' processor.* Upstreams: SeaWiFS, MODIS, MERIS, VIIRS-SNPP & JPSS1, OLCI-S3A & S3B for the '''"multi"''' products, and S3A & S3B only for the '''"olci"''' products.* Variables: Chlorophyll-a ('''CHL'''), Phytoplankton Functional types and sizes ('''PFT'''), Suspended Matter ('''SPM'''), Secchi Transparency Depth ('''ZSD'''), Diffuse Attenuation ('''KD490'''), Particulate Backscattering ('''BBP'''), Absorption Coef. ('''CDM''') and  Reflectance ('''RRS''').* Temporal resolutions: '''daily'''.* Spatial resolutions: '''1 km''' and a finer resolution based on olci '''300 meters''' inputs.* Recent products are organized in datasets called Near Real Time ('''NRT''') and long time-series (from 1997) in datasets called Multi-Years ('''MY''').To find the '''Copernicus-GlobColour''' products in the catalogue, use the search keyword '''"GlobColour"'''.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00286
Multi Observation Global Ocean 3D Temperature Salinity Height Geostrophic Current and MLD

'''Short description:'''You can find here the Multi Observation Global Ocean ARMOR3D L4 analysis and multi-year reprocessing. It consists of 3D Temperature, Salinity, Heights, Geostrophic Currents and Mixed Layer Depth, available on a 1/4 degree regular grid and on 50 depth levels from the surface down to the bottom. The product includes 4 datasets: * dataset-armor-3d-nrt-weekly, which delivers near-real-time (NRT) weekly data* dataset-armor-3d-nrt-monthly, which delivers near-real-time (NRT) monthly data* dataset-armor-3d-rep-weekly, which delivers multi-year reprocessed (REP) weekly data * dataset-armor-3d-rep-monthly, which delivers multi-year reprocessed (REP) monthly data'''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00052'''Product Citation''': Please refer to our Technical FAQ for citing products: http://marine.copernicus.eu/faq/cite-cmems-products-cmems-credit/?idpage=169.
Mediterranean Sea - High Resolution L4 Sea Surface Temperature Reprocessed

'''Short description:'''  The Reprocessed (REP) Mediterranean (MED) dataset provides a stable and consistent long-term Sea Surface Temperature (SST) time series over the Mediterranean Sea (and the adjacent North Atlantic box) developed for climate applications. This product consists of daily (nighttime), optimally interpolated (L4), satellite-based estimates of the foundation SST (namely, the temperature free, or nearly-free, of any diurnal cycle) at 0.05° resolution grid covering the period from January 1st 1982 to present (currently, up to one month before real time). The MED-REP-L4 product is built from a consistent reprocessing of the collated level-3 (merged single-sensor, L3C) climate data record provided by the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) and the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) initiatives, but also includes in input an adjusted version of the AVHRR Pathfinder dataset version 5.3 to increase the input observation coverage. Due to Brexit, an interim production guarantees the temporal extension of the MED-REP-L4 product since 1st January 2023 to present.'''DOI (product) :'''   https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00173
Global Ocean- in-situ Near real time observations of ocean currents

'''Short description'''This product is entirely dedicated to ocean current data observed in near-real time. Current data from 3 different types of instruments are distributed:* The near-surface zonal and meridional velocities calculated along the trajectories of the drifting buoys which are part of the DBCP’s Global Drifter Program. These data are delivered together with wind stress components and surface temperature. * The near-surface zonal and meridional total velocities, and near-surface radial velocities, measured by High Frequency radars that are part of the European High Frequency radar Network. These data are delivered together with standard deviation of near-surface zonal and meridional raw velocities, Geometrical Dilution of Precision (GDOP), quality flags and metadata.* The zonal and meridional velocities, at parking depth and in surface, calculated along the trajectories of the floats which are part of the Argo Program.'''DOI (product) :'''https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00041