AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF MINERALOGIC AND PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF THE MID-FLUVLAL I1 INTERVAL (DEPTH 5300-5690 FT.) , DRILL CORE MWX-1

Sandia National Laboratories is conducting and directing the Multi-Well Experiment (MWX) core analysis program as part of the Western Gas Sands Program. Sandia National Laboratories is responsible for sample selection, sample distribution, prioritization of analyses, distribution of data, and coordination of analyses performed by various agencies. The U. S. Geological Survey, along with Sandia, will provide interpretations of analytical results. A sedimentological model of the Mesaverde Group at the Multi-Well site will be published by J.E.. Lorenze (Sandia). The Petrology Laboratory of Bendix Field Engineering Corporation is providing routine mineralogic and petrologic analyses of MWX core samples and interpretations, as detailed in this report. These are preliminary results to be used primarily for characterization of the general mineralogy and textures of an interval so that variations in mineralogic trends can be delineated. This report is the thirteenth of sixteen to be submitted that will present the results of petrologic analyses of the sixteen intervals from drill holes MWX-l, 2, and 3. Included here are mineralogic and petrolographic data from the Mid-Fluvial II Interval of drill hole MWX-l.

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PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF MINERALOGIC AND PETROGGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF THE LOW FLUVIAL INTERVAL (DEPTH 5873-6331 FT) DRILL CORE MWX-1

Sandia National Laboratories is conducting and directing the Multi-Well Experiment (MWX) core analysis program as part of the Western Gas Sands Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy/ Morgantown Energy Technology Center. Sandia National Laboratories is responsible for sample selection, sample distribution, prioritization of analyses, distribution of data, and coordination of analyses performed by various agencies. The U.S. Geological Survey, along with Sandia, will provide interpretations of analytical results. A sedimentological model of the Mesaverde Group at the Multi-Well site is provided by J. C. Lorenz (1983). The Petrology Laboratory of Bendix Field Engineering Corporation provides routine mineralogic and petrologic analyses and preliminary interpretations of MWX core samples, as detailed in this report. These preliminary results are to be used primarily for characterization of the general mineralogy and textures of an interval so that variations in mineralogic trends can be delineated. This report is the fifteenth of sixteen to be submitted that will present the results of petrologic analyses from drill holes Mix-l, 2, and 3. Included here are mineralogic and pettrographic data from the Low Fluvial Interval of drill hole MWX-l

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Mechanical Properties of Multiwell Sandstone at 2405-m Depth

The Multiwell project is the field testing phase of the DOE Western Gas Sands Stimulation Sub-program. Two wells, 130 ft apart, have been drilled in Garfield County, Colorado (Sec. 34 T6S R94W1) to a depth of about 2545 m.  They are referred to as M WX-1 and 2. To predict and understand the geometry, intensity, and extent of fracture in the medium around a well in an in situ fracturing test, we need to know the mechanical (Equation of State) properties of the rock. In this informal report we present the laboratory measured mechanical properties of a sandstone from a depth of 2405 m, in Well MWX-l. The mechanical properties included in this report are tensile strength, compressive strength under triaxial compressive loading, stress-strain relations under triaxial compressive loading, and pressure-volume (P-V) behavior under hydrostatic compression. The mechanical properties of a silstone from the 1994-m depth in M WX-l were reported in a previous informal report (Lin, Nov. 1982).

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Multi-well Experiment No.1 Well Rulion Field Garfield, Colorado

On October 8, M r . Allan R. Sattler requested Klinkenberg Permeability Determinations at Overburden Conditions on core material recovered from the subject well. Enclosed are the final results of these tests. This work is part of the Western Gas Sands Project sponsored by the Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center.

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PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF MINERALOGIC AND PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF THE HIGH Fluvial I INTERVAL, W-2 AND KWX-3 AND THE FRACTURE ZONE INTERVAL, MWX-3

Sandia National Laboratories is conducting and directing the MultiWell Experiment (MWX) core analysis program as part of the Western Gas Sands Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy/Morgantown Energy Technology Center. Sandia National Laboratories is responsible for sample selection, sample distribution, prioritization of analyses, distribution of data, and coordination of analyses performed by various agencies. The U.S. Geological Survey, along with Sandia, will provide interpretations of analytical results. A sedimentological model of the Mesaverde Group at the Multi-Well site is provided by J. C. Lorenz (1983). The Petrology Laboratory of Bendix Field Engineering Corporation provides routine mineralogic and petrographic analyses and preliminary interpretations of MWX core samples, as detailed in this report. These preliminary results are to be used primarily for characterization of the general mineralogy and textures of an interval so that variations in mineralogic trends can be delineated. This report is the sixteenth of seventeen to be submitted that will present the results of petrologic analyses from drill holes MWX-1, 2, and 3. Included here are mineralogic and petrographic data from the High Fluvial I Interval of drill hole MWX-2, the High Fluvial I Interval of drill hole MWX-3, and the Fracture Zone Interval of drill hole MWX-3.

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Publications on Western Tight Gas Reservoirs

This bibliography includes reports published from 1977 through August 1985. In 1977 the US Geological Survey, in cooperation with the US DOE's Western Gas Sand Research Program, initiated a geological program to identify and characterize natural gas resources in low-permeability reservoirs in the Rocky Mountain region. These reservoirs are present at depths of less than 2,000 ft to greater than 20,000 ft.

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Rock Matrix Analysis of Eastern Gas Shale and Western Tight Gas Sands

The Institute of Gas Technology is performing special core analysis measurements under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center, on eastern gas shale and western tight gas sands. The shale work is being done in support of DOE's reservoir modeling efforts in order to provide reliable input data on shale matrix properties . The tight sand analysis is being performed in support of DOE's Multiwell Experiment (MJX), currently taking place in Garfield County, Colorado.

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PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY OF THE MID-FLUVIAL I INTERVAL (Depth 4960-5300 FT.), DRILL CORE MWX-1

Sandia National Laboratories is conducting and directing the MultiWell Experiment (MWX) core analysis program as part of the Western Gas Sands Project for the Department of Energy's Unconventional Gas Sands Program. Sandia National Laboratories 'Will carry out sample selection. sample distribution, priorization of analyses, distribution of data, and coordination of interagency analyses. The U.S.G.S  along with Sandia, will provide interpretation of analytical results. A sedimentological 'model of the Mesaverde Group at the Multi-Well site will be published by J.E.. Lorenze (Sandia). The Petrology Laboratory of Bendix Field Engineering Corporation is providing routine mineralogic and petrologic analyses of MWX core samples and interpretations, as detailed in this report. These are preliminary results to be used primarily for characterization of ,the general mineralogy and textures of an interval so that variations in mineralogic trends can be delineated. This report is the eleventh of fifteen which will present the results of petrologic analyses of the fifteen intervals to be submitted from drill holes MWX-l and 2. Included here are mineralogic and petrologic data from the Mid-Fluvial I Interval of drill hole MWX-l.

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Special Core Analysis Study for Sandia National Laboratories

On April 4, the Special Core Analysis Laboratory of Core Laboratories, Inc. received the following materials from Sandia National Laboratories: 1) Preserved, full diameter coal sample 66-29 (6906.5-6906.7) from above Zone 5 for fracture orientation study. 2) Preserved, full diameter coal sample 67-62 (7104.4-7105.1) ?ran between Zones 3 and 4 for fracture orientation study. 3) Preserved, full diameter sandstone core sample 56-17 (7866.4-7867.3) for plug comparison study . 4) Several, preserved, full diameter core segments ?ran Multi-Well Experiment 1 and 2 wells f o r Centrifuge Spin-Water Chemical analysis. 5) "Clark's" Dipstick for fracture orientation measurements. This work is part of the Western Gas Sands project sponsored by the Department of Energy/Morgantown Energy Technology Center. A preliminary report of the Water Chemical Analysis was reported by telephone, to Mr. Sattler on July 6. Enclosed are the final report results of this study.

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Special Core Analysis Study for Sandia National Laboratories MWX-1, MWX-2 & MWX-3 Wells Rulison Field Garfield County, Colorado

On March 8, Mr. Allan Sattler requested Core Laboratories t o perform Special Core Analysis on core material from the subject wells . This work is part of the Western Gas Sands Project sponsored by the Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center. Enclosed are the final report results of the following requested tests.

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PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF MINERALOGIC AND PETROGWHIC ANALYSES OF THE ROLLINS MEMBER (DEPTH 7537-7563 FT), MESAVERDE FOWTION, DRILL CORE MWX-3

Sandia National Laboratories is conducting and directing the MultiWell Experiment (MWX) core analysis program as part of the Western Gas Sands Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy/Morgantown Energy Technology Center. Sandia National Laboratories is responsible for sample selection, sample distribution, prioritization of analyses, distribution of data, and coordination of analyses performed by various agencies. The U.S. Geological Survey, a long with Sandia, provides interpretations of analytical results. A sedimentological model of the Mesaverde Group at the Multi-Well site is provided by J. C. Lorenz (1983). The Petrology Laboratory of Bendix Field Engineering Corporation/ Grand Junction Operations provides routine mineralogic and petrologic analyses and preliminary interpretations of MWX core samples, as detailed in this report. These preliminary results are to be used primarily for characterization of the general mineralogy and textures of an interval so that variations in mineralogic trends can be delineated. This is the final report on 17 priority intervals that will present petrographic data from rocks of drill ho les MWX-l, -2, and -3. Included here are mineralogic and petrographic data for the Rollins Member of the Mesaverde Formation from drill hole MWX-3.

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DIRECTIONAL CORE ANALYSIS OF THE MESA VERDE FORMATION U.S. DOE MULTIWELL EXPERIMENT GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO

The directional dependence of reservoir properties was measured on oriented plugs cut from six samples of MWX-3 core. Properties measured by special core analysis included porosity , permeability and pore volume compressibility under conditions of in-situ net confining stress representative of both virgin reservoir conditions and 50% drawdown.  Results of the analysis indicated virtually no correlation of porosity or pore volume compressibility with direction. however, were as much as 77% greater in the direction orthogonal to maximum principal stress when compared to those parallel to maximum principal stress. Although characteristic flow path widths were found to be similar in both directions, flow path tortuosities were significantly lower in the higher permeability direction. This lower tortuosity orthogonal to maximum principal stress may be the result of pressure solution of quartz grain contacts. Vertical permeabilities were lower than the horizontal values in cores from the and coastal zones. This is presumed to be due to the presence of thin coaly or shaly laminae crossing the entire width of the vertical plugs. These laminae run lengthwise in the horizontal plugs and present little or no barrier to gas flow. Vertical permeabllities in the fluvial zone were as high or higher than the horizontal values, possibly because of cross-bedding in these cores which prevents the formation of permeability barriers in vertical plugs.

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PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY FOR THE PALUDAL INTERVAL (DEPTH 7079.6-71 52.6 FT. ) DRILL CORE MWX-3

Sandia National Laboratories is conducting and directing the Multi- Well Experiment (MWX) core analysis program as part of the Western Gas Sands Project for the Department of Energy's Unconventional Gas Sands Program. Sandia National Laboratories will carry out sample selection, sample distribution, prioritization of analyses, distribution of data, and coordination of interagency analyses. The U.S. Geological Survey, along with Sandia, will provide interpretation of analytical results. A sedimentological model of the Mesaverde Group at the Multi-Well site will be published by J. C. Lorenze (Sandia). The Petrology Laboratory of Bendix Field Engineering Corporation is providing routine mineralogic and petrologic analyses of MWX core samples and interpretations, as detailed in this report. These are preliminary results to be used primarily for characterization of the general mineralogy and textures of an interval so that variations in mineralogic trends can be delineated. Included here are mineralogic and petrologic data from the Paludal Interval of drill hole MWX-3.

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APPLICATIONS OF MEOR TECHNOLOGY FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCERS

In the past, most petroleum producers have tried to find ways to eradicate microorganisms in their oil wells. It is now known that microbes can also be useful in increasing oil recovery. To apply microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) technology in the field, one needs to first determine whether the reservoir is suitable for MEOR by performing screening tests; second, perform laboratory tests to determine the most effective microbial system; and third, properly design the field project. The purpose of this manual is to provide information for persons interested in MEOR processes, particularly for independent petroleum producers, since MEOR can be economically attractive for marginal producing fields, and is easily applied using typical surface equipment. Several recommended procedures are presented for applying MEOR technology in the field. As with any enhanced oil recovery method, a microbial treatment requires application of sound reservoir engineering practices.

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Eastern Gas Shales Project Coring and Logging of EGSP Michigan No. 1 Well

The EGSP Michigan No. 1, located in East Central Otsego County, Michigan, lies on the southern flank of Michigan's northern Niagaran pinnacle reef fairway, an area which has undergone considerable drilling activity in the past few years. The well is operated by Wolverine Gas and Oil Company. The site was selected by DOE/METC as part of the resource characterization program of the Antrim Shale of the Michigan Basin. The well was spudded on January 5, 1980 by Cedco Drilling Company. After the 11-3/4-inch O.D. surface string was run and cemented, the well was drilled to 1290 feet, which was selected as the start of the coring task. Gruy Federal, Inc., the prime DOE contractor for the field supervision of the coring activities, assumed responsibility of the well when the coring depth was reached. Using a 7-27/32-inch diamond coring bit and a 60-foot core barrel, Christensen recovered two cores having a total length of 103 feet and accounting for a 100 percent recovery. However, the second coring trip was cut short due to core barrel jamming. Shortly after the total depth of 1394 feet was reached, Schlumberger ran a suite of geophysical logs consisting of compensated density-neutron, sonic dual laterolog, variable density wave form, fracture identification, and spectralog. After logging. the hole was reamed to 11 inches, the rig released, and Gruy's responsibilities terminated.

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CORING AND LOGGING OF ECSP PENNSYLVANIA WELL NO. 4 INDIANA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

The EGSP Pennsylvania No. 4 well (AGV-1 Glenn E. McCall No. 5) is located in southwestern Indiana County, White Township, (Indiana Quadrangle, 7-112 minutes). The coordinates of the site are latitude 42?34'45" and longitude 79?11'15". The location was chosen for the purpose of gathering geological and petrophysical information on the gas bearing Devonian Shale in the Appalachian Basin. The principle objective of the operator (Angerman and Associates, Inc. of Pittsburgh) was to obtain production from the Bradford Sands,  stratigraphically higher than the radioactive Devonian Shales.

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COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS OF INVESTMENT IN CONVENTIONAL, DEEP AND TIGHT GAS RESOURCES

Natural gas is a clean, efficient fuel that supplies about one fourth of the nation's energy needs. However, drilling for those conventional sources of natural gas that have historically yielded abundant supplies may be approaching the point of diminishing returns. New fields are smaller and the exploratory dry hole rate is high. This implies that natural gas from conventional supplies will cost more and will be less abundant.

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Tight Gas Research and Development: The Industry Perspective

Low permeability gas reservoirs ("tight gas sands") are abundant in the U.S. Economic recovery o f the gas in these formations requires reservoir simulation, usually massive hydraulic fracturing. Significant investigations of tight gas sands by the National Petroleum Council (NPC), Lewin and Associates, and the Gas Research Institute (GRI)* have agreed that, although some formations can be profitably produced with existing technology, improved reservoir diagnostic and stimulation techniques are required to realize the full potential of the resource.

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EASTERN GAS SHALES PROGRAM EGSP NEW YORK NO. 1 and EGSP NEW YORK NO. 2

The EGSP New York No. 1 was part of the resource characterization efforts of the DOE/METC Eastern Gas Shales Program. Early coring and logging operations were conducted as joint efforts of a group of geologists representing DOE/METC and a group from Cliffs Minerals. The METC geologists supervised the coring, Birdwell's logging, and Schlumbergerls logging; the Cliffs Minerals team handled the assembling, the strapping, and the description of the cores. These efforts were completed in September 1978. The project was reactivated during June and July 1979, when Gray involvement began. Gruy's limited participation in the project consisted of supervision of Dresser Atlas logging.

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Field Study of Tight Gas Sands Reservoir Directional Characteristics

Three shallow wells were drilled, cored and logged to provide additional information on the seismic picture of the GC-1 are a developed by D r . Dobecki of SANDIA (Dobecki, 1980).  The wells were drilled and cored without any appreciable problems. The orientation equipment used during the coring failed to provide data on a number of occasions, but fortunately none of these lapses were in the target areas identified by Dobecki.

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RESERVOIR MODEL ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION 2D MODEL WITH INDUCED FRACTURE VOLUME I

In recent years energy shortages have prompted both government and private industry to seek and develop unconventional oil and natural gas resources. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Eastern Gas Shales Project (EGSP) has been in existence for approximately five years and has as one of its goals the commercial development of some of the more organic-rich Devonian shale reservoirs underlying the Appalachian, Michigan, and Illinois Basins. A part of this effort involves the development of mathematical models with  predictive capability so that various alternative production schemes can be investigated and accurate forecasts of additional recovery can be made.

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A Study of Stress in Devonian Shales of the Appalachian Plateau

Examination of available data shows that the state-of-stress in the Paleozoic sediments of the Appalachian Basin is dominated by NE-ENE compression, as is found over much of the Eastern US west of the Appalachian highlands. Locally, there is a tendency for maximum stress orientation to parallel the structural trend of the, basin. An Upper Silurian salt decollement extends southward from the Lakeshore region of Western New York and Ohio to northern West Virginia. Examination of commercial hydrofracture records in the northern and western parts of this region suggests that mechanical decoupling at the salt horizon has permitted different stress levels to develop in the overlying and underlying sections. Stress ratios, which express the least horizontal stress as a fraction of the overburden at the depth of the measurement, are found to approach or exceed unity in Devonian and younger sands and shales. In contrast stress ratios determined in the underlying Silurian and older sediments range between 0.5 - 0.7. The magnitude of the NE-ENE maximum horizontal stress in the Devonian section from the few measurements available suggest it is significantly greater than the least horizontal stress.

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Mineralogy and Diagenesis of Core Samples of Upper Cretaceous Sandstones, Twin Arrow Inc. 4-14X C and K Well, Piceance Creek Basin, Northwestern Colorado

Sandstone core samples examined for this study are from the Twin Arrow Inc. 4-14X C and K well (sec. 14, T. 3 S., R. 101 W.) on the Douglas Creek arch near the western margin of the Piceance Creek basin in northwestern Colorado. These sandstones occur in a transition zone between the nonmarine and marine parts of the Mesaverde Group at depths ranging from 1,005.4 to 1,144.2 ft. The cored interval crops out less than 3 miles north of the drill site. Gas production from the Twin Arrow well is from beds of the Emery Sandstone Member ("Mancos B" of some authors) of the Mancos Shale. This study is part of a continuing evaluation of the mineralogy and diagenesis of tight ? 0.1 millidarcies) Upper Cretaceous nonmarine sandstone in the Piceance Creek basin, northwestern Colorado. Examination of eight thin sections from selected core samples revealed that these are not tight sandstones; this observation was confirmed by measured porosity and permeability values. The shallow depth of these sandstones is suspected to have caused them to be subject to infiltration and extensive diagenetic alterations by ground water.

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