AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
REVIEW DRAFT REPORT - ASSESSMENT OF CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHWESTERN COLORADO

The Colorado Department of Health's Office of Health Protection began this study in the fall of 1981 when oil shale development seemed inevitable. Since then the oil shale industry has been dealt some serious blows. Some maintain that the industry's problems are terminal. Others insist that only the timetable for oil shale development have been set back. Our crystal ball is cloudy on the subject, but 2000 is till eighteen years away. This study makes no attempt to predict the likely level of energy development in the year 2000.

Tags: kmd
SPILL PREVENTION, CONTROL AND COUNTERMEASURE PLAN FOR THE LETC OIL SHALE EXPERIMENTAL STATION, ANVIL POINTS, COLORADO

This document represents the results of efforts by Engineering Science, Inc. to develop a viable Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan for the Laramie Energy Technology Center Anvil Points Oil Shale Experimental Station. The requirements for such a plan is detailed in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 112, "Oil Pollution Prevention - Non- transportation Related Onshore and Offshore Facilities". These regulations require the preparation and implementation of an SPCC plan for all non-transportation related facilities which have discharged or could reasonably be expected to discharge oil into the navigable waters of the United States or the adjoining shorelines.

Tags: kmd
MEDICINE BOW - WILDERNESS SUPPLEMENT - DRAFT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN/EIS

This Environmental Impact Statement is an analysis of the effects of wilderness designation or nondesiganation alternatives on 11,695 acres of public land in three wilderness stud areas. The study areas are all located in Carbon County. The Encampment River Canyon is in southern Carbon County, two miles south of Encampment the Bennett Mountains WSA is in north central Carbon County east of Seminoe Dam: and the Prospect Mountain WSA is in southern Carbon County approximately 16 miles southeast of E,, campment and 8 miles north of the Colorado Wyoming border. This EIS was prepared in response to Section 603 of the Federal Land Policy and management Act which directs the Bureau of Land management to inventory, study, and report to Congress, through the Secretary of Interior and the President, those public lands suitable for preservation as wilderness.

Tags: kmd
MEDICINE BOW-DIVIDE RESOURCE AREAS - RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN - DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT - APPENDICES, GLOSSARIES, REFERENCES, MAPS

This appendix summarizes the final federal coal management decisions for the planning area. The process used to arrive at these decisions is briefly explained. This summary is intended to aid the public in understanding the federal coal management program as it applies to the planning area to show the requirements that must be met under 43 CFR 3400. These planning decisions will guide the development of the federal coal resource in this area during the remainder of the 1980s and afterward.

Tags: kmd
MEDICINE BOW-DIVIDE RESOURCE AREAS - RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN DRAFT EIS - PURPOSE & NEED, ALTERNATIVES, AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT, ETC.

This document addresses alternatives for managing federal mineral estate in south central and southeastern Wyoming. The are covered comprises 4 million acres land in which surface and minerals are federally owned and 1 million additional acres in which only the minerals are federally owned. This public land is administered by the Medicine Bow and Divide resource areas, Rawlins District, Bureau of Land Management. The plan focuses primarily on three resource management issues relating to resource users that affect vegetation, soils, and watershed values; suitability of areas for special management designations; and opportunities for improving resource accessibility.

Tags: kmd
SOURCE TERMS FOR THE "HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS DOCUMENT (HEED) FOR OIL SHALE -- 1982"

The objective of the Project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of using superheated steam as a heat-carrying medium to retort in situ the oil shale in the Green River Formation "leached" zone and provide a mechanism for the recovery of this shale oil with a minimum impact on the environment. Utilizing primarily the natural porosity in the leached zone, approximately one trillion BTU of heat will be injected into a site over a two ear period to heat to retorting temperature a shale zone approximately 550 feet chick and covering about one acre. The field Project is locate at Equity's BX In Situ site in Rio Blanco County in northwestern Colorado.

Tags: kmd
WATER-QUALITY DATA FOR THE HANNA AND CARBON BASINS, WYOMING

Water-quality data for the Hanna and Carbon basins, south-central Wyoming, are presented in table with no interpretation. Common constitute, trace-element, and radiochemical data for ground and surface water and sediment concentrations for surface water are included. Ground water at 53 sites and surface water at 3 gaging stations were sampled.

Tags: kmd
PEER REVIEW OF OIL SHALE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

Accordingly, Chapter 1, Session Information, provides a detailed agenda and list of participants. Chapter 2, Doe comments, summarizes the perspective of the DOE program manager of oil shale environmental research. Chapter 3, Research Overview, depicts the individual reviewers responses regarding the overall DOE oil shale funded research. Finally, Chapter 4, Review comments and presenters rebuttals, provides reviewers consensus of opinion of the individual oil shale presentations with respect to clarity of objectives, budget and schedule, contribution to the technology base, existing research, and methodology.

Tags: kmd
OIL SHALE TRACT C-B-ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPLORATION PROGRAM

Summary Report #4 and Quarterly Data Report #4 cover the fourth quarter of exploration and environmental data for the first year of the Environmental Baseline Program for Tract C-b. These repots specifically cover the summer quarter of June, 1975 through August, 1975. Quarterly Data Report #4 consists of four volumes of a comprehensive compilation of data submitted to the Area Oil Shale Supervisor in Grand Junction on October 15, 1975. Parties interested in reviewing the comprehensive data may contact the Area Oil Shale Supervisor's Office.

Tags: kmd
OIL SHALE TRACT C-B-ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPLORATION PROGRAM

Summary Report #5 and Quarterly Data Report #5 cover the fifth quarter of exploration and environmental data for the Environmental Baseline Program of Tract C-b. These reports specifically cover the fall quarter of September, 1975 through November, 1975. Quarterly Data Report #5 consists of five volumes of a comprehensive compilation of data submitted to the Area Oil Shale Supervisor in Grand Junction on January 16, 1976. Parties interested in reviewing the comprehensive data may contact the Area Oil Shale Supervisor's Office.

Tags: kmd
OIL SHALE TRACT C-B-ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPLORATION PROGRAM

Summary Report #6 and Quarterly Data Report #6 cover the sixth quarter of exploration and environmental data for the Environmental Baseline Program of Tract C-b. These reports specifically cover the winter quarter of December, 1975 through February, 1976. Quarterly Data Report consists of three volumes of a comprehensive compilation of data submitted to the Area Oil Shale Supervisor in Grand Junction on April 15, 1976. Parties interested in reviewing the comprehensive data may contact the Area Oil Shale Supervisor's Office.

Tags: kmd
DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES, COSTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

This report summarizes the development activities, costs, and environmental monitoring on the Federal Oil Shale Lease Tract C-b during calendar year 1981. The Tract is leased to Occidental Oil Shale, Inc. under U.S. Department of Interior Lease Number C-20341. It is managed by the equal-interest partnership between Occidental and Tenneco Shale Oil Company, doing business as Cathedral Bluffs Shale Oil Company. The Tract is located in Rio Blanco County in the Piceance Creek basin of northwestern Colorado.

Tags: kmd
OIL SHALE TRACT C-B-ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPLORATION PROGRAM

Summary Report #7 and Quarterly Data Report #7 cover the seventh quarter of exploration and environmental data for the Environmental Baseline Program of Tract C-b. These reports specifically cover the spring quarter of March 1975, through May 1976. Quarterly Data Report #7 consists of three volumes of the comprehensive data collected for Tract C-b and submitted to the Area Oil shale Supervisor in Grand Junction on July 15, 1976.

Tags: kmd
OIL SHALE TRACT C-B-ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPLORATION PROGRAM

Summary Report #8 and Quarterly Data Report #8 cover the eighth quarter of exploration and environmental data for the Environmental Baseline Program of Tract C-b. These reports specifically cover the summer quarter of June 1976, through August  1976. Quarterly Data Report #8 consists of four volumes of the comprehensive data collected for Tract C-b and submitted to the Area Oil shale Supervisor in Grand Junction on October 15, 1976.

Tags: kmd
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON QUALITY OF LEACHATE FROM SIMULATED IN SITU RETORTED OIL SHALE

The growing energy demands of the United States combined with decreasing domestic petroleum reserves and the uncertainty of foreign supplies have created a shortage of liquid fuels. This shortage necessitates the development of alternate energy sources. Oil shale is one of our largest possible energy sources: over 500 billion barrels of oil are potentially available from deposits within the United States (Burwell, Sterner, and Carpenter, 1973), compared to 33 billion barrels of proven domestic petroleum reserves.

Tags: kmd
ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF OIL SHALE FACILITIES ON WATER QUALITY: CRITIQUE AND ALTERNATIVES

For the current paper, the charge from the oil shale task force was to critique the Hicks and Probstein paper, emphasizing where we agree and where we disagree with the themes, concepts, data, and conclusions offered. In our effort to constructively criticize, we will also review data on the toxicity of untreated and treated oil shale wastewater streams and suggest an alternative to or, more precisely, an adjustment in the risk analysis strategy proposed by Hicks and Probstein.

Tags: kmd
WATER QUALITY CHANGES AT IN SITU OIL STUDY SITES

A major concern in the development of in situ oil shale production has been the potentially adverse effects on water quality. The Laramie Energy Research center has monitored water quality at its oil shale research sites for the past several years. A summary and preliminary analysis of these data were made by Smith and Weand in 1977. This report updates the earlier effort for Rock Springs Sites 6 and 9, with consideration of the additional information collected in the interim.

Tags: kmd
IN SITU SHALE OIL RETORT WASTEWATER PRETREATMENT USING COAGULATION AND OXIDATION

The work presented in this chapter deals with the retort water and represents part of a larger research project which deals with the development of kinetic data for aerobic biological treatment of the in situ shale oil retort wastewater. Specifically, this chapter deals with evaluation of two alternative pretreatment processes: chemical coagulation with sedimentation or flotation and chemical oxidation. The pretreatment goals were to achieve significant removal of suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand and to modify the waste characteristics to improve the biological treatability of the waste. Since ammonia removal is one of the prerequisites to biological waste treatment for retort waters, reductions in ammonia were monitored during this investigation.

Tags: kmd
TREATMENT OF TAR SAND WASTEWATERS BY MEANS OF AIR FLOTATION AND FOAM SEPARATION

The work described in this paper was initiated in 1981 and was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of air flotation and foam separation operations for the treatment of the Vernal process waters. An attempt to present all of the information generated during the course of the project is not made herein due to the scope of the effort. However, the major points gleaned from the research are presented.

Tags: kmd
AQUATIC EFFECTS OF UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION WASTEWATER AND IMPORTANT CONSTITUENTS

The research described herein centers around the aquatic effects of underground coal gasification condenser water and the primary toxic constituents found in that effluent. Section I describes the toxicity of a UCG condenser water and two important components, phenol, and ammonia. Section II is a more involved description of the acute and embryo larval toxicity of eight phenolic compounds, many of which are high in concentration in coal conversion wastewaters. In Section III I have presented the results of acute and embryo larval studies with two other compounds usually found in UCG condenser water, naphthalene and benzene. And Section IV consists of studies completed on the avoidance reactions of rainbow trout exposed to phenol.

Tags: kmd
1985 UPDATE ON NOX EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY AT COMBUSTION ENGINEERING

This paper reviews the range of application and experience, including some inherent boiler operating improvements associated with the use of a modified concentric Firing System on tangentially fired units. A brief overview of NOx emissions from recent commissioning of coal PM burners is also discussed, as well as a relative economic comparison among various NOx reductions techniques for tangential coal fired utility boilers.

Tags: kmd
COAL LIQUIDS EVALUATION AND PARAHO-SOLIO SHALE OIL QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING DECEMBER 31,1979

"Research continued in the environmental and health evaluation of products, by products, and effluents derived from processes which convert coal to coal liquids and from shale oil. The toxic nature of these materials are investigated by using a variety of chemical, physical, biological, and ecological test protocols.  Results are presented according the functional character of the studies, many of which are generic to fossil energy derived liquids. The activities in coal liquids evaluation and in shale oil are identified by separate sections of the report."

Tags: kmd
COMBINED POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON-ACTIVATED SLUDGE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS PROCESS WATERS

With the publics growing awareness of environmental problems and because of the adoption of more stringent federal and state regulatory standards, conventional secondary biological wastewater treatment facilities are not performing to the necessary degree to meet the water quality standards for secondary effluents. In order to achieve these effluent standards, point sources of pollution must be attacked by treatment processes with the capability of substantially treating a wastewater for the removal of color, heavy metals, and organics beyond the proficiency of a conventional activated sludge treatment process.

Tags: kmd
SOME UNIQUE APPROACHES TO THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION BY-PRODUCT WATERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL

Monitoring and control of water pollution from underground coal gasification requires methods that are sensitive to the contaminants in question and which are significantly from an environmental chemistry viewpoint. Of the water contaminants produced by underground coal gasification, phenols are among the most likely to cause problems because of their abundance, water solubility, and environmental effects. This paper describes some approaches to the environmental chemical analysis of phenols and other organic byproducts of underground coal gasification.

Tags: kmd
BX IN SITU OIL SHALE PROJECT AQUATIC BIOLOGY OF BLACK SULPHUR CREEK

The environmental research plan is designed to determine the surface and subsurface effects of project operations in order to allow estimates of the environmental impacts of commercial oil shale development. As part of this plan, the aquatic biology, primarily benthic macroinvertebrates and periphyton algae, of the BX Project Area were documented to serve as baseline information prior to the operational phase. Fishes were not sampled due to the limited nature of the habitat available for successful reproduction and survival.

Tags: kmd
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TAR SAND STEAM INJECTION PROCESS WATER

Significant quantities of aqueous effluents are produced in fossil fuel processing. Since there is the potential for human exposure to these effluents, it is essential to determine the associated health risks. The following studies were conducted to evaluate the relative acute toxicity and mutagenicity properties of the process waters and to obtain data on fertility and reproductive parameters.

Tags: kmd
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH FOR IN SITU OIL SHALE PROCESSING

The US DOE is engaged in broad, multi-disciplinary research to address the environmental concerns associated with in situ oil shale processing. A significant portion of this research effort has been directed at the characterization, transport, geohydrological interactions, biological effects, containment, treatment, and utilization of waters, heavily laden with organic and inorganic solutes, which are produced during the in situ process. This paper discusses the sources and quantities of produced retort waters and provides a summary overview of water related environmental research, conducted principally through the Laramie Energy Research Center since 1974, in conjunction with simulated and field in situ processing experiments.

Tags: kmd
ANALYSIS OF WASTE PRODUCTS FROM THE PROCESSING OF OIL SHALE

Waste products from oil shale retorting and shale oil refining operations at the Bureau of Mines Oil Shale Demonstration Plant, Rifle, Colorado, were analyzed. Data useful in evaluating these wastes as possible stream pollutants were obtained and are presented. Of the organic constituents found, phenols are believed to be the most likely to cause a disposal problem. However, phenols and some other organic compounds probably would be partially recovered from waste streams because of their by product value. The inorganic substances present in these wastes should present little or no pollution hazard. Mixing and diluting several different types of waste streams as in scum pit or disposal pond treatment would make the composition of the final plant waste effluent unpredictable without a knowledge of the proportions and pretreatment of the several streams bulked. An actual evaluation of the stream pollution potential of a shale oil industry is thus beyond the scope of this report.

Tags: kmd
ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY BY MICROBIAL EVALUATON, OF AQUEOUS EFFLUENTS OBTAINED FROM AN IN SITU OIL SHALE PROCESS

"An analytical method was developed for the enumeration of microorganisms which grow in waste waters derived from an in situ oil shale processing experiment. These waters are high in hydrocarbon components which may be inimical in the environment, but subject to degradation by microorganisms.  Growth of indigenous microbial populations occurred rapidly in the retort water. A culture medium was developed for the appraisal of microbial proliferation which was compared with, and found to be superior to, standard media for the enumeration of pollution indicators."

Tags: kmd
DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON DEGRADATION IN OIL SHALE RETORT WATERS BY INDIGENOUS BACTERIA

Preparation of a culture medium for selection, isolation, and enumeration of microorganisms which grow in retort waters derived from an in situ oil shale processing experiment is described. These waters a typically high in hydrocarbon components, some of which may be inimical in the environment, but are subject to degradation by microorganisms. The potential for use of procedures described in this paper with other synthetic fuel aqueous wastes is emphasized.

Tags: kmd
DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON DEGRADATION IN OIL SHALE RETORT WATERS BY INDIGENOUS BACTERIA

Bacteria which proliferate in aqueous oil shale waste effluent were studied in an attempt to determine how these waste waters were affected by their growth. Bacterialogical analysis of the retort water initially required development of a culture medium for isolation and selection of microorganisms. The medium, retort water afar, incorporated retort water to fulfill carbon and energy requirements of bacteria. It was supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorous and sterilized by a membrane filtration procedure.

Tags: kmd
INDENTIFICATION OF TOXIC CONSTITUENTS OF OIL SHALE RETORT WATERS USING CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION AND TOXICITY BIOASSAYS

With the current need to increase domestic production of liquid fuels, a synthetic fuels industry is being developed in the US. Oil shale processing, a promising synfuel technology is now being developed commercially in the Green River Formation of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. Approximately 600 billion barrels of shale oil are thought to be recoverable from this deposit.

Tags: kmd
RIO BLANCO OIL SHALE PROJECT: REVISED DETAILED DEVELOPMENTPLAN TRACT C-A SECTIONS 6 - 8 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MONITORING

In 1969, the US Department of the Interior initiated planning for a prototype oil shale leasing program that eventually resulted in Gulf Oil Corporation and Standard Oil Company acquiring an oil shale lease for Tract C-a in the Piceance Creek basin of northwest Colorado.

Tags: kmd
TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AN IN SITU OIL SHALE PROCESS WATER

This investigation represents the first animal toxicity evaluation of a retort water and therefore incorporated a broad base of various tests selected to determine toxicity as a function of exposure route and species exposed. Results are interpreted as to their occupational health significance. On the basis of this study a limited number of specific tests have been selected for use in cost effective, comparative screening of additional retort waters and waters significant to oil shale processing, in general.

Tags: kmd
LARAMIE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER PROCESS EFFLUENT EVALUATION

"Experimental energy development facilities either operated and/or managed by the DOE, LETC have been inventoried for process waste effluents. Preliminary process waste inventories include gaseous, liquid, and solid wastes from each of the experimental facilities. Appropriate control technologies have been reviewed and applied to these inventories of uncontrolled effluent levels to define controlled effluent levels.  Environmental requirements have been assessed at the federal, state, and local levels. Effluent limitations are compared to controlled effluent levels where applicable."

Tags: kmd
CHEMICAL COAGULATION OF TAR SAND PROCESSING WASTEWATER

The increasing demand for energy and the concurrent dependence of most major countries on oil in spite of varying restrictions in supply force consideration of the development of new energy sources. Tar sands of the Western United States represent one potential new source of energy that is at present largely untapped. Commercial technology for tar sand development is currently in the exploratory phase. It is evident, however, that effective water quality management will be one key to ultimate exploitation of tar sands.

Tags: kmd