AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
OIL RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AND CO2 INJECTION MONITORING IN THE PERMIAN BASIN WITH CROSSWELL ELECTROMAGNETIC IMAGING

Substantial petroleum reserves exist in US oil fields that cannot be produced economically, at current prices, unless improvements in technology are forthcoming. Recovery of these reserves is vital to US economic and security interests as it lessens our dependence on foreign sources and keeps our domestic petroleum industry vital. Several new technologies have emerged that may improve the situation. The first is a series of new flooding techniques to re-pressurize reservoirs and improve the recovery. Of these the most promising is miscible CO2 flooding, which has been used in several US petroleum basins. The second is the emergence of new monitoring technologies to track and help manage this injection. One of the major players in here is crosswell electromagnetic, which has a proven sensitivity to reservoir fluids. In this project, we are applying the crosswell EM technology to a CO2 flood in the Permian Basin oil fields of New Mexico. With our partner ChevronTexaco, we are testing the suitability of using EM for tracking the flow of injected CO2 through the San Andreas reservoir in the Vacuum field in New Mexico. The project consisted of three phases, the first of which was a preliminary field test at Vacuum, where a prototype system was tested in oil field conditions including widely spaced wells with steel casing. The results, although useful, demonstrated that the older technology was not suitable for practical deployment. In the second phase of the project, we developed a much more powerful and robust field system capable of collecting and interpreting field data through steel-cased wells. The final phase of the project involved applying this system in field tests in the US and overseas. Results for tests in steam and water floods showed remarkable capability to image between steel wells and provided images that helped understand the geology and ongoing flood and helped better manage the field. The future of this technology is indeed bright with development ongoing and a commercialization plan in place. We expect that this DOE sponsored technology will be a major technical and commercial success story in the coming years.

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MODELING GAS HYDRATE OCCURRENCES IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO FROM GIANT PISTON CORES

The seafloor of the northern Gulf of Mexico contains many occurrences of gas hydrate. The topography and recent stratigraphy of the seafloor is complicated by salt-tectonic structures, faulting, sediment failure scars, and high sedimentation rates. The abundant natural oil and gas seeps are often capped by gas hydrate within the hydrate stability zone. While gas hydrate is relatively common at the seafloor, seismic reflection profiles lack bottom simulating reflections (BSR?S). Thus, it is unknown if there are significant gas hydrate accumulations within minibasins away from the seep localities.

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The Quest for High Temperature MWD and LWD Tools? ?

The overall objective of the two-phase MWD project was to develop a mudpulse MWD tool that could be used where downhole temperatures are as high as 195?C (383?F). Phase I objectives were to: (1) identify components of existing systems that cannot operate at 195?C; (2) locate high-temperature replacements or develop new designs, (3) develop a cooling technology to keep components at acceptable operating temperatures; (4) test new designs and components under high temperatures in the laboratory; and (5) assemble two high-temperature MWD prototype tools and test each in at least one low-temperature well to verify total system performance.

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Improved Miscible Nitrogen Flood Performance Utilizing Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Horizontal Laterals in a Class I Reservoir ? East Binger (Marchand) Unit

Implementation of the East Binger Unit ("EBU") DOE Project continued during this reporting period. EBU 64-3H, the first horizontal well to be drilled in this Budget Period, has been drilled, stimulated, and put on production. Early performance has been consistent with expectations from reservoir characterization work that suggested the well would develop unswept reserves, as both the GOR and produced gas nitrogen content are well below field averages. The next horizontal well, initially planned to be drilled in 2002, will now be drilled in 2003.

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Improved Miscible Nitrogen Flood Performance Utilizing Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Horizontal Laterals in a Class I Reservoir ? East Binger (Marchand) Unit

Implementation of the East Binger Unit ("EBU") DOE Project continued during this reporting period. EBU 64-3H, the first horizontal well to be drilled in this Budget Period, has been drilled, stimulated, and put on protection. Early performance consistent with expectations from reservoir characterization work that suggested the well would develop unswept reserves, as both the GOR and produced gas nitrogen content are well below field averages. The next horizontal well, initially planned to be drilled in 2002 will now be drilled in 2003.

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An Advanced Fracture Characterization and Well Path Navigation System for Effective Re-Development and Enhancement of Ultimate Recovery from the Complex Monterey Reservoir of South Ellwood Field, Offshore California

Well productivity in this field varies significantly. Cumulative Monterey production for individual wells has ranged from 260 STB to 8,700,000 STB. Productivity is primarily affected by how well the well path connects with the local fracture system and the degree of aquifer support. Cumulative oil recovery to date is a small percentage of the original oil in place. To embark upon successful re-development and to optimize reservoir management, Venoco intends to investigate, map and characterize field fracture patterns and the reservoir conduit system. State of the art borehole imaging technologies including FMI, dipole sonic and cross-well seismic, interference tests and production logs will be employed to characterize fractures and micro faults. These data along with the existing database will be used for construction of a novel geologic model of the fracture network. Development of an innovative fracture network reservoir simulator is proposed to monitor and manage the aquifer's role in pressure maintenance and water production. The new fracture simulation model will be used for both planning optimal paths for new wells and improving ultimate recovery.

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CONSTRAINTS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF GAS HYDRATES IN THE GULF OF MEXICO

Pore water chemical compositions were measured within long piston cores (up to 38 m) from three areas in the abyssal Gulf of Mexico (Tunica Mound, Bush Hill, and Mississippi Canyon) to constrain whether gas hydrates were likely to exist in the near subsurface. The intention was to establish if conditions favorable for gas hydrate formation exist in basin sediments away from obvious fault controlled fluid flow conduits that bring fluids to the seafloor.

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Assessing the Technology Needs of Unconventional and Marginal Resources Phase I: The Greater Green and Wind River basins Final Report

This report provides critical data that will be used internally by Department of Energy planners to support project selection and other programmatic activities. History shows that Federal R&D has significant benefit in developing oil and gas in the U.S., especially those resources that are marginally economic. It is imperative that all stakeholders come together to formulate and implement environmentally sound and economically feasible development of this most important supply of clean burning, domestic energy. Phase 2 of this effort, which focuses on the Anadarko Basin in Oklahoma and the Uinta Basin in Utah, began in October, 2002.

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Mapping of Reservoir Properties and Facies Through Integration of Static and Dynamic Data

Knowledge of the distribution of permeability and porosity in a reservoir is necessary for the prediction of future oil production, estimation of the location of bypassed oil, and optimization of reservoir management. But while the volume of data that can potentially provide information on reservoir architecture and fluid distributions has increased enormously in the past decade, it is not yet possible to make use of all the available data in an integrated fashion. While it is relatively easy to generate plausible reservoir models that honor static data such as core, log, and seismic data, it is far more difficult to generate plausible reservoir models that honor dynamic data such as transient pressures, saturations, and flow rates. As a result, the uncertainty in reservoir properties is higher than it could be and reservoir management can not be optimized. The goal of this project is to develop computationally efficient automatic history matching techniques for generating geologically plausible reservoir models which honor both static and dynamic data. Solution of this problem is necessary for the quantification of uncertainty in future reservoir performance predictions and for the optimization of reservoir management. Facies (defined here as regions of relatively uniform petrophysical properties) are common features of all reservoirs. Because the ?ow properties of the various facies can vary greatly, knowledge of the location of facies boundaries is of utmost importance for the prediction of reservoir performance and for the optimization of reservoir management. When the boundaries between facies are fairly well known, but flow properties are poorly known, the average properties for all facies can be determined using traditional techniques. Traditional history matching honors dynamic data by adjusting petrophysical properties in large areas, but in the process of adjusting the reservoir model ignores the static data and often results in implausible reservoir models. In general, boundary locations, average permeability and porosity, relative permeability curves, and local ?ow properties may all need to be adjusted to achieve a plausible reservoir model that honors all data. In this project, we will characterize the distribution of geologic facies as an indicator random ?meld, making use of the tools of geostatistics as well as the tools of inverse and probability theory for data integration.

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INCREASED OIL PRODUCTION AND RESERVES UTILIZING SECONDARY/TERTIARY RECOVERY TECHNIQUES ON SMALL  RESERVOIRS IN THE PARADOX BASIN, UTAH

The Paradox Basin of Utah, Colorado, and Arizona contains nearly 100 small oil fields producing from shallow-shelf carbonate buildups or mounds within the Desert Creek zone of the Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Paradox Formation. These fields typically have one to four wells with primary production ranging from 700,000 to 2,000,000 barrels (111,300-318,000 m3) of oil per field at a 15 to 20 percent recovery rate.

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USING RECENT ADVANCES IN 2D SEISMIC TECHNOLOGY AND SURFACE GEOCHEMISTRY TO ECONOMICALLY REDEVELOP A SHALLOW SHELF CARBONATE RESERVOIR: VERNON FIELD, ISABELLA COUNTY, MI.

Presented in this quarterly report is the Case History and Well Summary for the Vernon Field demonstration project in Isabella County, Michigan. This new case history and well summary format organizes and presents the technical and historical details of the Vernon Field demonstration, as well as the field demonstration results and the applicability of these results to other demonstration projects. This format could be duplicated for other demonstration projects and will be used on all subsequent field demonstrations as they near completion.

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3-D RESERVOIR AND STOCHASTIC FRACTURE NETWORK MODELING FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY, CIRCLE RIDGE  PHOSPHORIA/TENSLEEP RESERVOIR, WIND RIVER RESERVATION, ARAPAHO AND SHOSHONE TRIBES, WYOMING

This report describes the results made in fulfillment of contract DE-FG26-00BC15190, ?3- D Reservoir and Stochastic Fracture Network Modeling for Enhanced Oil Recovery, Circle Ridge Phosphoria/Tensleep Reservoir, Wind River Reservation, Arapaho and Shoshone Tribes, Wyoming?. The goal of this project is to improve the recovery of oil from the Tensleep and Phosphoria Formations in Circle Ridge Oilfield, located on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming, through an innovative integration of matrix characterization, structural reconstruction, and the characterization of the fracturing in the reservoir through the use of discrete fracture network models.

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3-D RESERVOIR AND STOCHASTIC FRACTURE NETWORK MODELING FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY, CIRCLE RIDGE PHOSPHORIA/TENSLEEP RESERVOIR, WIND RIVER RESERVATION, ARAPAHO AND SHOSHONE TRIBES, WYOMING

This report describes the results made in fulfillment of contract DE-FG26-00BC15190, "3- D Reservoir and Stochastic Fracture Network Modeling for Enhanced Oil Recovery, Circle Ridge Phosphoria/Tensleep Reservoir, Wind River Reservation, Arapaho and Shoshone Tribes, Wyoming". The goal of this project is to improve the recovery of oil from the Tensleep and Phosphoria Formations in Circle Ridge Oilfield, located on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming, through an innovative integration of matrix characterization, structural reconstruction, and the characterization of the fracturing in the reservoir through the use of discrete fracture network models.

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Gas Hydrate Occurrence in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Studied with Giant Piston Cores

Gas hydrate is widely regarded as a potential energy resource and as a geohazard associated with both continental slope sea floor instability and petroleum exploration. The northern Gulf of Mexico contains some of the best documented occurrence of gas hydrates in the world, because they have been found in near sea floor sediments at more than 50 locations associated with active sea floor hydrocarbon seeps.

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Seismic Determination of Reservoir Heterogeneity: Application to the Characterization of Heavy Oil Reservoirs

The objective of the project is to examine how seismic and geologic data can be used to improve characterization of small-scale heterogeneity and their parameterization in reservoir models. The study is performed at West Coalinga Field in California. We are currently in the process of determining the limits of current state-of-the-art interpretation methods for poststack seismic data. We developed and applied three-dimensional seismic attributes which estimate the statistics of seismic heterogeneity. We just formulated an algorithm to infer parameters of object-based reservoir models from seismic data, and now, we are testing the method with synthetic reservoir data. Lastly, we built models of reservoir heterogeneity for two focus areas in Coalinga held using plentiful wireline data.

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HETEROGENEOUS SHALLOW-SHELF CARBONATE BUILDUPS IN THE PARADOX BASIN, UTAH AND COLORADO: TARGETS FOR INCREASED OIL PRODUCTION AND RESERVES USING HORIZONTAL DRILLING TECHNIQUES

The Paradox Basin of Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico contains nearly 100 small oil fields producing from carbonate buildups within the Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Paradox Formation. These fields typically have one to 10 wells with primary production ranging from 700,000 to 2,000,000 barrels (111,300-318,000 m3) of oil per field and a 15 to 20 percent recovery rate. At least 200 million barrels (31.8 million m3) of oil will not be recovered from these small fields because of inefficient recovery practices and undrained heterogeneous reservoirs. Several fields in southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado are being evaluated as candidates for horizontal drilling and enhanced oil recovery from existing, vertical, field wells based upon geological characterization and reservoir modeling case studies. Geological characterization on a local scale is focused on reservoir heterogeneity, quality, and lateral continuity, as well as possible reservoir compartmentalization, within these fields. This study utilizes representative cores, geophysical logs, and thin sections to characterize and grade each field's potential for drilling horizontal laterals from existing development wells. The results of these studies can be applied to similar fields elsewhere in the Paradox Basin and the Rocky Mountain region, the Michigan and Illinois Basins, and the Midcontinent region. This report covers research activities for the first half of the third project year (April 6 through October 5, 2002). This work included capillary  pressure/mercury injection analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and pore casting on selected samples from Cherokee and Bug fields, Utah. The diagenetic fabrics and porosity types found at these fields are indicators of reservoir flow capacity, storage capacity, and potential for enhanced oil recovery via horizontal drilling. The reservoir quality of Cherokee and Bug fields has been affected by multiple generations of dissolution, anhydrite plugging, and various types of  cementation which act as barriers or baffles to fluid flow. The most significant diagenetic characteristics are microporosity (Cherokee field) and micro-boxwork porosity (Bug field), as shown from porethroat radii histograms, and saturation profiles generated from the capillary pressure/mercury injection analysis, and identified by scanning electron microscopy and pore casting. These porosity types represent important sites for untapped hydrocarbons and primary targets for horizontal drilling. Technology transfer activities consisted of exhibiting a booth display of project materials at the Rocky Mountain Section meeting of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, a technical presentation, and publications. The project home page was updated for the Utah Geological Survey Internet web site.

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POWDER RIVER BASIN COALBED METHANE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCED WATER MANAGEMENT STUDY

The Powder River Basin coals contain a considerably larger volume of gas in place than established by previous studies. The Powder River Coalbed Methane Basin Study identifies 61 Tcf of natural gas in-place. This in-place resource value is significantly larger than previously reported and confirms that the Powder River Basin (PRB) coalbed methane (CBM) play has the potential for providing significant additions to future domestic natural gas supplies1. Major reasons for the increased PRB coalbed methane resource in-place of 61 Tcf in this Basin Study are the following: ? The study included extensive information on the deeper Fort Union coals prevalent in the basin, it compiled new data on the Wastach coals on the western edge of the basin, and it included the coals in the Montana portion of the PRB. ? The study identified the presence of free gas in certain coal formations and established higher gas content values for PRB coals, both increasing the gas in- place over previous estimates.

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Semiannual Progress Report For the work performed during the period of September 1, 2002 through February 28, 2003

In our last report, we discussed solution thermodynamic theory that described changes in polymer coil conformation as a function of solution temperature and polymer molecular weight. These polymers contained no ionic charges. In this report, we expand polymer solution theory to account for the electrostatic interactions present in solutions of charged polymers. Polymers with ionic charges are referred to as polyions or polyelectrolytes.

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Reservoir Modeling and Composition Simulation of Primary Depletion  Waterflooding, and Carbon Dioxide Flooding of a Small Pennsylvanian Carbonate Mound Complex, Anasazi Field, Paradox Basin, Utah  Volume I

This report presents the results of a comprehensive reservoir description and reservoir engineering study completed on Harken Energy Corporation's Anasazi/Sahgzie reservoir in the Paradox Basin in Utah. The study is part of a larger assessment program designed to determine the geologic and reservoir production performance characteristics of small shallow-shelf carbonate reservoirs in the Paradox Basin of Utah, Colorado and Arizona. The overall program is sponsored under the Class II Oil Program of the U. S. Department of Energy. The principal objectives of the study were to develop a detailed  quantitative description of the subject reservoir and use this description coupled with composition simulation to predict the performance of the mound complex under three different reservoir recovery processes. The three processes included primary depletion, C02 flooding and water flooding.

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Development and Manufacture of Cost Effective Composite Drill Pipe

This technical report presents the engineering research and data accomplishments that have transpired to date in support of the development of Cost Effective Composite Drill Pipe (CDP). The report presents accomplishments made from October 1, 2002 through September 30, 2003. The following have been accomplished and are reported in detail herein: ? Metal-to-Composite Interface (MCI) redesign and testing ? Successful demonstration of MCI connection for both SR and ER/DW CDP ? Specifications for a 127mm (5?) ID by 152.4 mm (6?) OD composite drill pipe have been finalized for Extended Reach/Deep Water applications (ER/DW). ? Field testing of Short Radius CDP (SR) ? Sealing composite laminate to contain high pressure ? Amendments ? Amendment for ?Smart? feature added to ER/DW development along with time and funding to complete battery of qualification tests with option for field demonstration. ? Preparation of papers for publication and conference presentations.

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Assessment of Hydrocarbon Seepage on Fort Peck

To determine the oil and gas potential of the area immediate to a large magnetic anomaly in the Smoke Creek sector of northeastern Montana, various geological, geophysical and geochemical methods are being applied. This report presents the results of n 300 square mile size involving two geophysical methods, Magnetic Susceptibility and Micronzagnetics, testing their applicability to exploring the region.

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Dissolution rates of pure methane hydrate and carbon-dioxide hydrate in undersaturated seawater at 1000-m depth

To help constrain models involving the chemical stability and lifetime of gas clathrate hydrates exposed at the seafloor, dissolution rates of pure methane and carbon-dioxide hydrates were measured directly on the seafloor within the nominal pressure-temperature (P/T) range of the gas hydrate stability zone. Other natural boundary conditions included variable flow velocity and  undersaturation of seawater with respect to the hydrate-forming species.

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Data Processing of Surface and Crosswell Seismic at the McElroy Field, West Texas

This report summarizes the seismic data processing tasks associated with the Project. As elaborated upon elsewhere, the goal of the Project is to establish relationships between data of different scales using Cluster Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks for the purpose of improved reservoir characterization. The data range from very fine-scale core measurements to very coarse-scale surface seismic measurements connected in between by log and crosswell seismic data. Well Seismic's role is to integrate the crosswell and surface seismic data; specifically, to give them the same sampling intervals in both depth and aerial coverage so as to present a consistent dataset to the Cluster Analysis and Neural Net programs.

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