AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Pacific Project. Transportation and marketing plan, Task 11

The Colorado School of Mines Research Institute (CSMRI) was retained by The Superior Oil Company to investigate the marketing and transportation of the shale oil product which the joint partners intend to produce from the ''Pacific Property''in northwestern Colorado. The objective of the study was to determine the most likely market and transportation modes to be used in a future marketing program and, thereby, provide necessary information to assist in the preliminary plant and site design program. The study was not designed to establish a final marketing strategy, but rather to objectively review the possible options, assess the advantages and disadvantages of each, and identify those options demonstrating the greatest commercial potential. As are discussed in this report, there are many variables which affect the choice of market and transportation method, and many of these, in turn, are dependent on government policy, environmental regulations, market demand, availability and price of conventional petroleum, product slates from conventional petroleum refineries, development of new technology, and many other factors. Because initial production is still 6 years away and full-scale commercial production levels will not be reached for approximately 9 years, it is not realistic to establish a marketing strategy at this time. However, it is possible, and indeed necessary, to make reasonable forecasts as to what that future market/transportation program will involve, thus permitting initial designs to be made in preparation for that future program. 18 tabs.

Tags: kmd
Pacific Project. Phase 2 environmental control plan, Task 5

The impacts and associated control measures addressed in this report are based on a list of major permits which are required for construction and operation of the 18,000 BPD demonstration project. Although the regulations set general standards for impact control measures, in many cases they also allow for the permitting authority to expound on these general control measures and stipulate site-specific or project-specific mitigation. The major permits, their corresponding regulations, and brief comments on the significant impact control requirements are presented in each section. It should also be noted that the exact requirements and permit conditions cannot be determined until the permit applications have been approved and have cleared the regulatory staff, public examination where applicable, and other evaluations which effect permitting terms such as project-agency negotiations. 8 figs., 8 tabs.

Tags: kmd
Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant public design report. Volume I

This Public Design Report provides, in a single document, available nonproprietary design information for the Great Plains Gasification Project, the first commercial coal gasification facility in the United States. In addition to the design aspects, the history of the project, the organization of the plant owners, and the role of the Department of Energy are briefly discussed. Plant capital and operating costs are also presented. An overview of the mine and plant operations is presented and is followed by detailed nonproprietary descriptions of the individual process units, plant systems, and products. Narrative process descriptions, simplified process flow diagrams, input/output stream data, operating conditions, catalyst and chemical requirements, and utility requirements are given for each unit. The process units are described as they were planned by July 1984. Any modification or alteration that occurred after that date will be the subject of a followup work. Plant startup provisions, environmental considerations and control, monitoring and safety considerations are also addressed for each operating unit. The report is published in two volumes. Volume I contains: (1) introduction; (2) overview of project (plant and mine, plant facilities, Basin Electric Antelope Valley Station,5151 ); and (3) plant process data (coal, oxygen and steam, gasification and gas processing). 53 refs., 80 figs., 36 tabs.

Tags: kmd
Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant Public Design Report. Volume II

This Public Design Report provides, in a single document, available nonproprietary design information for the Great Plains Gasification Project, the first commercial coal gasification facility in the United States. In addition to the design aspects, the history of the project, the organization of the plant owners, and the role of the Department of Energy are briefly discussed. Plant capital and operating costs are also presented. An overview of the mine and plant operations is presented and is followed by detailed nonproprietary descriptions of the individual process units, plant systems, and products. Narrative process descriptions, simplified process flow diagrams, input/output stream data, operating conditions, catalyst and chemical requirements, and utility requirements are given for each unit. The process units are described as they were planned by July 1984. Any modification or alteration that occurred after that date will be the subject of a followup work. Plant startup provisions, environmental considerations and control, monitoring and safety considerations are also addressed for each operating unit. The report is published in two volumes. Volume II contains: (1) plant process data (sulfur recovery, main flare - area 8300, liquid processing, ash handling and solids disposal, other systems,5150 ); (2) plant startup procedure and schedule; (3) plant and employee safety; (4) GPGP cost data; and (5) references. 53 refs., 46 figs., 38 tabs.

Tags: kmd
Defect characterization of electronic conducting pseudo-perovskite systems

The goal of the investigation presented in this report is to study the inter-relationship between electrical conductivity, oxidation- reduction kinetics, defect structure, and composition of n- and p- type binary and ternary transition metal oxides. The experimental part of the investigation included specimen preparation, thermogravimetric measurements, X-ray diffraction, thermally stimulated current, oxygen diffusion, optical absorption, transmission electron microscopy, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck measurements. The systems studied or being studied are LaMnO{sub 3}-LaCrO{sub 3}-LaCoO{sub 3}, Y{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}CrO{sub 3}, Sr-doped LaMnO{sub 3}, Y{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3}, and Ba{sub 2}YCu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x}.

Tags: kmd
Industrial application of fluidized-bed combustion. Quarterly technical progress report, April-June, 1981

Activities from April through June 1981 related to the fluidized-bed boiler used for generating steam for the Georgetown University heating system are described. Boiler operations during the quarter were limited to a single operating period during the first two weeks in May during which a total of 250 h of steam generation were logged. Operations before 1 May were held up for replacement of the three grid plate sections that were damaged in late March by operator error. A scheduled plant shutdown occurred from 13 May through the end of the quarter to permit the major modifications to be made. The thermal efficiency for the quarter averaged 73.1%. This is almost 12% greater than that reported in the previous quarter and was achieved with flyash reinjection from the mechanical collector restricted to the one hopper out of five which was fitted with an airlock. A review of operating data indicates that the quarterly average excess oxygen was at or near design conditions in contrast with high excess oxygen in previous quarters. This would account for some increase in thermal efficiency. A more rigorous determination of continuing efficiency can be made after the above modifications are completed. (LCL)

Tags: kmd
Coal gasification reactions with on-line in-situ FT-IR analysis. Final report

The goal of this program was to develop the techniques to characterize coal and use this characterization to predict the coal's behavior in a gasifier. To accomplish this goal, detailed data on devolatilization product yields and compositons, were obtained with measured particle temperature for a variety of coals under a wide variety of conditions (temperatures: 20/sup 0/C to 1650/sup 0/C, pressures: vacuum to 200 psi, heating rates: 3/sup 0/C/min to 20,000/sup 0/C/sec). Several unique reactors were developed and employed to provide these conditions. New diagnostic techniques were developed for in-situ measurements and characterization of products including a new method employing Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for characterizing the temperature, composition, emissivity and size of particulates under reaction conditions. Separation of chemical kinetic rates and mass transfer rates for coal pyrolysis was accomplished by employing the new FT-IR particle temperature measurement technique. In addition, Field Ionization Mass Spectroscopy and FT-IR were used to determine molecular weight distribution and functional group compositions of tars. Theoretical models were developed and implemented as computer codes to describe the observations on coal pyrolysis. A previously developed Functional Group (FG) model was extended and improved. It has been successful in describing the primary pyrolysis products. A Depolymerization, Vaporization, Crosslinking (DVC) model developed for polymers used to simulate coal structure, under GRI sponsorship, was applied to interpret the results for coal. This model has been successful in predicting the observed trends for tar yield and molecular weight distribution. The program has succeeded in providing good predictive models for many of the primary events occurring during coal pyrolysis. 211 refs., 107 figs., 12 tabs.

Tags: kmd
Advanced Thermionic Technology Program: summary report. Volume 4. Final report

This report summarizes the progress made by the Advanced Thermionic Technology Program during the past several years. This Program, sponsored by the US Department of Energy, has had as its goal adapting thermionic devices to generate electricity in a terrestrial (i.e., combustion) environment. Volume 4 (Part E) is a highly technical discussion of the attempts made by the Program to push the state-of-the-art beyond the current generation of converters and is directed toward potential researchers engaged in this same task. These technical discussions are complemented with Appendices where appropriate.

Tags: kmd
Coupled thermo-mechanical and poro-mechanical response evaluations associated with underground coal conversion. Final report, June 1982-December 1985

Research investigations on hydrothermomechanical response modeling associated with underground coal conversion processes are reported. In particular, stress mediated cavity shapes and subsidence profiles for several field experiments are evaluated from the developed thermostructural models. These finite element codes utilize temperature dependent material properties with different constitutive characterizations, depending on the desired predictive capabilities and field applications. On the basis of the conducted thermo-elastic, thermo-elastoplastic, thermal consolidation, cavity spalling model, and parametric sensitivity simulations, criteria related to UCC site selection, cavity roof, and subsidence response prediction are identified and discussed. 15 refs., 11 figs.

Tags: kmd
Oil recovery by carbon dioxide injection. Annual report, July 1978-June 1979

After one year of response, the increase in production due to waterflooding ended by December, 1978. The total production credited to the waterflood process was 10,403 barrels or 529 barrels per acre. On February 20, 1979, limited carbon dioxide injection began. Less than a month after injection began, a high carbon dioxide content was found in the produced gas at Shaffer No. 1, apparently as a result of channeling through the Big Lime thief zone. In April, the carbon dioxide injection rate was reduced to a total of 90 tons per day in an attempt to increase the effective injection from 26.7% to the designed 50%. The net carbon dioxide injection was 10,595.50 tons on July 1, 1979, 42.3% of the total to be injected.

Tags: kmd
Denitrification and desulfurization of combustion gases. Final report, September 18, 1980-November 17, 1984

This report involves two parts. In the first part, the data on the bench-scale development of an effective technique for catalyzed SO/sub 2/ lime sorbent are presented. The second part deals with the development of a two-step NO spitting process. Each part has been processed for inclusion in the Energy Data Base.

Tags: kmd
Detailed measurements on the combustion characteristics of slurried fuels in diesel engines. Final report

The work discussed in this report centered around evaluation of the atomization, ignition, and combustion characteristics of several coal slurry fuels under conditions representative of medium size and speed commercial diesel engines typically used in railroad locomotives and stationary prime mover, electrical generation, and cogeneration applications. This effort was aimed at defining the near-term potential for operating coal-fueled medium speed diesel engines and identifying the technical areas limiting slurry fuel use in conventional engine designs. In the most cursory sense, this program was directed toward assessment of the operability and performance characteristics of conventional medium speed diesel engines utilizing coal/water slurry fuels. Again, in a cursory sense, the general conclusion of the program is that the conventional engine is unsuited to the utilization of coal/water slurry fuels and that improvements must be implemented in the following areas: injection system, combustion chamber materials, lubrication system, and ignition. In addition to these general conclusions, more specific information was developed in the following three specific areas: ignition, fuel injection, and fuel properties. 23 refs., 63 figs., 17 tabs.

Tags: kmd
ASPEN physical property evaluation for Great Plains simulation. Great Plains ASPEN model development. [Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant]

This report documents the steps taken to evaluate the pure component properties in the ASPEN data bank for those compounds required to simulate the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant where the compounds are also available in the DIPPR (Design Institute for Physical Property Data) data bank. DIPPR is a cooperative effort of industry, institutes and federal agencies interested in the compilation, measurement and evaluation of physical property data for industrially important compounds. It has been found that the ASPEN data bank is for the most part reliable, its main problem being lack of documentation. In the few instances where values were found to be either missing or to be unacceptable, recommended constants or equation parameters are presented in this report along with associated literature citations. In the cases where temperature dependent data were regressed to obtain new equation parameters, the detailed methods employed are also presented.

Tags: kmd
Trace contaminant removal from hot coal gas for molten carbonate fuel cell application. Final report

Coal gas fueled molten carbonate fuel cell power plants offer an attractive option for efficient generation of electricity. High temperature removal of coal gas contaminants, such as sulfur, arsenic, halides, tar, etc., is desirable in order to achieve high system efficiency. This experimental study establishes the feasibility of using nickel sorbents for hot trace contaminant removal from coal gas to a sub-ppM level. Chemisorption and desorption characteristics of hydrogen sulfide and arsine on different nickel catalyst were measured between 500 and 700/sup 0/C. A gas chromatographic method capable of monitoring the contaminant levels down to 20 ppBv in the coal gas was developed and verified.

Tags: kmd
Cultural resources survey and assessment of the proposed Department of Energy Freeport to Texas City pipeline, Brazoria and Galveston Counties, Texas. Final report

An intensive survey and testing program of selected segments of a proposed Department of Energy pipeline were conducted by Coastal Environments, Inc., Baton Rouge, Louisiana, during December 1985 and January 1986. The proposed pipeline runs from Texas City, Galveston County to Bryan Mound, Brazoria County. The pedestrian survey was preceded by historical records survey to locate possible historic sites within the DOE righ-of-way. Four prehistoric sites within the ROW (41BO159, 160, 161, 162) and one outside the ROW (41BO163) were located. All are Rangia cuneata middens. The survey results are discussed with particular reference to the environmental settings of the sites and the effectiveness of the survey procedure. Two of the sites located within the ROW were subjected to additional testing. The results of the backhoe testing program are included in the site descriptions, and the scientific value of the sites are presented. 52 refs., 20 figs., 10 tabs.

Tags: kmd
Utilization of waste brick disposal facility. Final report, October 1, 1980-September 30, 1981

The research program undertaken had four primary objectives, listed as follows: (1) to investigate the physical and chemical behavior of wet high sulfite, scrubber sludge subjected to ultrasonic screening, and to assess the effectiveness of this technique for facilitating sludge disposal; (2) to investigate the utilization of dewatered sulfite scrubber sludge as a component in autoclaved structural products as a direct disposal alternative; (3) to determine the feasibility of the production of kiln-fired, coal-based, insulating structural shapes incorporating coal and coke as combustible additives; and (4) to monitor the physical behavior of flyash blocks in non-reactive (ambient) and marine environments. This was a joint effort undertaken with the State University of New York (SUNY) at Stonybrook, LI, to develop a novel disposal method for coal-associated wastes produced in the New York area. This final report summarizes data and discusses the results. Discussion is presented under the headings: dewatering scrubber sludge, autoclaved structural products, kiln-fixed coal-based insulating structural shapes, and production and testing of flyash blocks. 5 references, 15 figures, 19 tables.

Tags: kmd
Evaluation of in-place gas, reserves and production potential of coalbed gas using a vertical boreholes pattern. Final report, September 1, 1983-December 31, 1984. [Mary Lee Coal Warrior Field, Alabama]

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate in-place gas, reserves and production potential of coalbed gas using a vertical boreholes pattern. The DOE-US Steel project in the Warrior Basin is selected as a specific site analysis because of the abundance of data, including 7 years of production history, available on the project. Three models were developed for the implementation of the preceding objectives. The first model is based on the extension of the production decline curve method, the second model is based on the extension of the volumetric method, and the third model is based on the material balance method. The Gas Research Institute Mathematical Model, designated WELL2D, was tried to implement solutions for the two-dimensional (areal) flow-field associated with the transport of gas and water through a vertical, finite-conductivity fracture to a vertical well. This effort had the objective of validating the model through history matching and then of predicting the future performance of the coalbed seam. This effort was unsuccessful. During the 89-months period it has been reported that the cumulative gas production from the 23-well pattern is 2.31 billion scf. That is, about 87% of the original gas in place has been produced in less than 7 1/2 years. 4 figs., 6 tabs.

Tags: kmd
Evaluation of the Malvern optical particle monitor. [Volumetric size distribution]

The Malvern 2200/3300 Particle Sizer is a laser-based optical particle sizing device which utilizes the principle of Fraunhofer Diffraction as the means of particle size measurement. The instrument is designed to analyze particle sizes in the range of 1 to 1800 microns diameter through a selection of lenses for the receiving optics. It is not a single-particle counter but rather an ensemble average over the distribution of particles present in the measuring volume. Through appropriate measurement techniques, the instrument can measure the volumetric size distribution of: solids in gas or liquid suspension; liquid droplets in gas or other immiscible liquids; and, gas bubbles in liquid. (Malvern Handbook, Version 1.5). This report details a limited laboratory evaluation of the Malvern system to determine its operational characteristics, limitations, and accuracy. This investigation focused on relatively small particles in the range of 5 to 150 microns. Primarily, well characterized particles of coal in a coal and water mixture were utilized, but a selection of naturally occurring, industrially generated, and standard samples (i.e., glass beads) were also tested. The characteristic size parameter from the Malvern system for each of these samples was compared with the results of a Coulter particle counter (Model TA II) analysis to determine the size measurement accuracy. Most of the particulate samples were suspended in a liquid media (water or isoton, plus a dispersant) for the size characterization. Specifically, the investigations contained in this report fall into four categories: (a) Sample-to-lense distance and sample concentration studies, (b) studies testing the applicability to aerosols, (c) tests of the manufacturer supplied software, and (d) size measurement comparisons with the results of Coulter analysis. 5 references, 15 figures, 2 tables.

Tags: kmd
Evaluation of the Wilmington Field micellar-polymer project

A review of the performance of the City of Long Beach micellar-polymer pilot has been completed. The pilot area was the Hx/sub a/ sand of the Upper Terminal VB Zone in the Wilmington Field. The Upper Terminal producing zone is an unconsolidated oil-bearing sandstone. Oil production from the Upper Terminal zone had been steadily declining despite pressure maintenance programs initially using gas injection and, most recently, waterflooding. The micellar-polymer pilot was an attempt to find a means of arresting the decline of oil production. Marathon Oil Company provided the City of Long Beach with a micellar-polymer - Maraflood (TM) - design. The projected oil recovery beyond waterflooding for the Maraflood (TM) process is about 137,000 barrels, or 10% pore volume, of incremental oil. This recovery is approximately two-thirds of expected recovery based upon core flood results and a simple simulation model evaluation of volumetric sweep efficiency. The model study assumed optimal phase behavior was achieved and tertiary oil was displaced by a unit mobility flood. A more sophisticated chemical flood simulator could have been used; however, its results would have been easily challenged because quantitative phase behavior and rheological data were not available. The actual recovery efficiency is high when compared with the recovery efficiency estimated from core flood and simulation model results. Consequently, the project appears to be a technical success. Unfortunately, the project must be considered uneconomic based upon a total project cost of around $9.7 million. The poor economics are attributed to operating problems associated with fluid production from an unconsolidated sand and corrosion problems due to the presence of Desulfovibrio bacteria. 17 references, 41 figures, 26 tables.

Tags: kmd