AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Preparation for upgrading western subbituminous coal

The objective of this project was to establish the physical and chemical characteristics of western coal and determine the best preparation technologies for upgrading this resource. Western coal was characterized as an abundant, easily mineable, clean, low-sulfur coal with low heating value, high moisture, susceptibility to spontaneous ignition, and considerable transit distances from major markets. Project support was provided by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) of the US Department of Energy (DOE). The research was conducted by the Western Research Institute, (WRI) in Laramie, Wyoming. The project scope of work required the completion of four tasks: (1) project planning, (2) literature searches and verbal contacts with consumers and producers of western coal, (3) selection of the best technologies to upgrade western coal, and (4) identification of research needed to develop the best technologies for upgrading western coals. The results of this research suggest that thermal drying is the best technology for upgrading western coals. There is a significant need for further research in areas involving physical and chemical stabilization of the dried coal product. Excessive particle-size degradation and resulting dustiness, moisture reabsorption, and high susceptibility to spontaneous combustion are key areas requiring further research. Improved testing methods for the determination of equilibrium moisture and susceptibility to spontaneous ignition under various ambient conditions are recommended.

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Summary of the monitoring and evaluation efforts on DOE/Resource Application Grant activities performed by western Indian Tribes. Final technical progress report, September 1, 1983-January 28, 1984

Task 6 has been part of the continuing effort by Harris and Associates, Engineers, Inc. to monitor and evaluate contract research for the DOE/METC ''Methane Recovery from Coalbeds Project''. The purpose of Task 6 was to provide field site monitoring and evaluation of five coalbed methane resource utilization projects granted under the Department of Energy-Resource Application (RA) program and to provide monitoring and evaluation of two resource delineation projects granted under the Department of Energy Methane Recovery from Coalbeds Project (Unconventional Gas Recovery Program). Performance of Task 6 was contracted to include eight brief site monitoring trips to project field sites, written reports of trip findings, trip planning and coordination, and attendance at the 1982 DOE/SPE Symposium. Task activities were divided among four subtasks, which are used as headings to report Harris and Associates activities. There were minor modifications made in the terms and assignments of Task 6; these are discussed in the subtask sections. For Task 6 Harris and Associates monitored the activities of eight projects through various phases of their development. These projects were RA program projects with the Jicarilla Apache, Southern Ute, Choctaw, Crow and Muckleshoot Indian Tribes, administered by DOE/Region VIII in Denver, an RA program project with the Ute Indian Tribe, administered by DOE/Region IV in Atlanta, a technology assessment project with Dames and Moore administered by DOE/METC and a UGR program project with the Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey administered by DOE/METC. This report summarizes the monitoring and evaluation efforts.

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Improved pyrolysis submodel for the Wen Fixed-Bed Gasifier Program

A generalized model for devolatilization of large coal particles typically encountered in a fixed or moving bed gasifier has been developed. Two models were developed, one which does not consider diffusion of the volatile matter from the coal during devolatilization and the other which does consider diffusion of volatile species through the coal matrix. Both models predict a time-temperature history of the particle in a convective heat transfer environment.

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Reforming stack development: Quarterly technical status report, October-December 1986

This report summarizes that work performed on US Department of Energy Contract No. AC21-76ET11304, ''Reforming Stack Development,''during the quarterly reporting period from October 1, 1986 through December 31, 1986. The program is divided into three tasks: Design; Component Development; and Verification Tests. The objective of design is to identify a reference application for an internal reforming power plant and to develop a power plant conceptual design and detailed stack design. The objective of componencelopment is to develop, fabricate and test components to meet the Component Functional Requirements (CFRs) defined by design. The objective of verification testing is to determine if the cell components have attained the CFR goals established.

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The US textile industry: An energy perspective

This report investigates the state of the US textile industry in terms of energy consumption and conservation. Specific objectives were: To update and verify energy and materials consumption data at the various process levels in 1984; to determine the potential energy savings attainable with current (1984), state-of-the-art, and future production practices and technologies (2010,5347 ); and to identify new areas of research and development opportunity that will enable these potential future savings to be achieved. Results of this study concluded that in the year 2010, there is a potential to save between 34% and 53% of the energy used in current production practices, dependent on the projected technology mix. RandD needs and opportunities were identified for the industry in three categories: process modification, basic research, and improved housekeeping practices that reduce energy consumption. Potential RandD candidates for DOE involvement with the private sector were assessed and selected from the identified list.

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Reforming stack development: Quarterly technical status report, July-September 1986

The program reported is divided into three tasks: Stack Design; Component Development; and Verification Tests. The objective of Design is to identify a reference application for an internal reforming power plant and to develop a power plant conceptual design and detailed stack design. The objective of Component Development is to develop, fabricate and test components to meet the Component Functional Requirements (CFRs). The objective of Verification Tests is to determine if the cell components developed have attained the CFR goals.

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The Tight Gas Analysis System (TGAS) Volume one Overview

In 1980, the National Petroleum Council (NPC) published the most authoritative and comprehensive to date estimates of the technical and economic potential of tight gas sands. While the NPC study remains the landmark effort on this subject, its estimates for recoverable natural gas are considered by many to be optimistic. The Gas Research Institute and the US Department of Energy jointly commissioned construction of the Tight Gas Analysis System (TGAS) as a vehicle to perform systematic sensitivity analyses of the NPC study, to serve as a repository for future additions to the data base and analytical understandings of the technology, and to estimate the benefits of specified R and D advances. This report describes TGAS briefly, demonstrates its reconciliation with published NPC results, and reports sensitivity analyses of the geological, technological and economic assumptions inherent in the NPC study. 5 references.

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Fluidized-bed gasifier/systems model development. Final report, September 30, 1981-September 30, 1982. [PSI/FLUBED code]

This report describes the work performed by Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) in the development of a Fluidized Bed Coal Gasifier/Systems Model. The program was performed in two tasks. The first task is concerned with the modification of the existing PSI/FLUBED code to account for the possibility of slug flow in the gasifier. Work previously performed under the present contract indicated that the Westinghouse PDU gasifier operated in the slug flow regime. Prior to this time the PSI/FLUBED code modeled ebullating beds only. The second task performed under this contract has been concerned with the development of a systems model which simulates the operation of a commercial scale Westinghouse Fluidized Bed Coal Gasifier. The systems model is based on the output of 33 reference states developed by running the PSI/FLUBED code. Under this task, the systems model was developed along with two supporting codes for checkout and data file preparation. The data from the PSI/FLUBED code was reviewed and 180 Taylor series expansion coefficients were generated. In addition the PSI/FLUBED code was modified to handle gasifiers whose diameter varies discontinuously with height. An interface driver was also developed which streamlines the operation of the PSI/FLUBED code making it more user friendly. All codes developed under the contract have been verified and are operational. 14 references, 4 figures, 9 tables.

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Natural gas accumulations in low-permeability Tertiary, and Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) rock, Uinta Basin, Utah

This report characterizes Upper Cretaceous Campanian and Maastrichtian, and lower Tertiary gas-bearing rocks in the Uinta Basin with special emphasis on those units that contain gas in reservoirs that have been described as being tight. The report was prepared for the USDOE whose Western Tight Gas Sandstone Program cofunded much of this research in conjunction with the US Geological Survey's Evolution of Sedimentary Basins, and Onshore Oil and Gas Programs. (VC)

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Coal:  an alternate fuel for thermal enhanced oil recovery steam generation. Final report

This project evaluates technical and economic aspects of using coal to replace lower tier crude oil as fuel for thermal enhanced oil recovery steam generation in Kern County, California. Replacing this oil by an alternate fuel would increase the amount of oil available for sale by approximately 30%. The primary consideration in the evaluation is compliance with emission limitations as proposed in the California Air Resources Board (CARB), Model Rule on April 26, 1978. Three coal technolgies were evaluated: coal-oil mixtures, coal gasification, and fluidized bed combustion. coal-oil mixtures and coal gasification were evaluated for retrofit application. Fludized bed combustion was evaluated from the standpoint of providing replacement or future steam generating capacity.

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Eastern Gas Shales Project outgassing analysis. Special report

Two methods are used on the Eastern Gas Shales Project to measure the gas volume of encapsulated shale samples. The direct method measures pressure and volume and is initiated almost immediately upon encapsulation of the sample. A second method measures pressure, volume, and composition, and is initiated after pressure is allowed to build up over several weeks. A combination of the two methods has been used on selected samples, and yields more data as it allows extrapolation to account for gas lost prior to encapsulation. The stratigraphic horizons, characterized by dark shales with high organic and high carbon content and a relatively high gamma ray intensity of 200  API units also have high gas contents (relative to other units within the same well). The Lower Huron, Rhinestreet, and Marcellus Shales are high in gas content relative to other stratigraphic units at the same sites. The difference in gas content of the same stratigraphic horizon between well sites appears to be controlled by the thermal maturity. Kinetic studies have shown that, in some samples, significant amounts of gas are released after the time when the gas volume would be initially measured. Additional work needs to be performed to determine why the rates and volume of gas released vary between samples.

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Western gas sands project status report, 1 December-31 December 1979

This report summarizes December 1979, progress of the government-sponsored projects directed toward increasing gas production from the low-permeability gas sands of the western United States. The USGS continued work toward resource assessment in the four primary areas. Coring of the Rainbow Resources No. 1-3 Federal well, Sweetwater County, Wyoming, was initiated. Research continued at the National laboratories and Energy Technology Centers on improvement of enhanced gas recovery. Work on improved coring systems, logging studies, in situ permeability and rock/fluid interaction continued for Bartlesville Energy Technology Center. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory continued in the nuclear magnetic resonance studies, and at Sandia Laboratories nuclear magnetic resonance testing continued on eleven cores. The Texstream diaphragm regulator has been installed at the Colorado Interstate Gas Company cyclic injection site. Twenty-three coreholes have been completed at the Sandia Hole No. 6 formation interface fracture experiment at the Nevada Test Site.

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Development of Alaskan gas hydrate resources

The research undertaken in this project pertains to study of various techniques for production of natural gas from Alaskan gas hydrates such as, depressurization, injection of hot water, steam, brine, methanol and ethylene glycol solutions through experimental investigation of decomposition characteristics of hydrate cores. An experimental study has been conducted to measure the effective gas permeability changes as hydrates form in the sandpack and the results have been used to determine the reduction in the effective gas permeability of the sandpack as a function of hydrate saturation. A user friendly, interactive, menu-driven, numerical difference simulator has been developed to model the dissociation of natural gas hydrates in porous media with variable thermal properties. A numerical, finite element simulator has been developed to model the dissociation of hydrates during hot water injection process.

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Low-rank coal program. Technology status report

The Department of Energy (DOE), through the Grand Forks Project Office (GFPO), is conducting basic research on peat, subbituminous and lignite coal and coal product properties, bench-scale and process development unit-scale (PDU) studies of existing and advanced concepts of use and conversion process, and environmental studies that are related directly to the use of LRC's. This activity emphasizes research that recognizes the distinctive properties and technological applications that detract from and/or enhance the efficient and environmentally sound use of LRC. Research that recognizes these applications will help to ensure that the development of LRC's contributes to the goal of the National Energy Policy Plan (NEPP), which is to provide an adequate supply of energy at reasonable costs. The ability of existing and emerging technologies to utilize these fuels will enhance the applicability of LRC's for energy production. The full use of LRC's depends upon the understanding and resolution of numerous potential problem areas that are related to the characteristics of LRC, and to the specific technological applications that may use these coals. The potential problem areas and potential technological applications encompass a broad range of research and development needs.

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Proceedings of the natural gas research and development contractors review meeting

The purpose of this meeting was to present results of the research in the DOE-sponsored Natural Gas Program, and simultaneously to provide a forum for real-time technology transfer, to the active research community, to the interested public, and to the natural gas industry, who are the primary users of this technology. The current research focus is to expand the base of near-term and mid-term economic gas resources through research activities in Eastern Tight Gas, Western Tight Gas, Secondary Gas Recovery (increased recovery of gas from mature fields,5334 ); to enhance utilization, particularly of remote gas resources through research in Natural Gas to Liquids Conversion; and to develop additional, long term, potential gas resources through research in Gas Hydrates and Deep Gas. With the increased national emphasis on the use of natural gas, this forum has been expanded to include summaries of DOE-sponsored research in energy-related programs and perspectives on the importance of gas to future world energy. Thirty-two papers and fourteen poster presentations were given in seven formal, and one informal, sessions: Three general sessions (4 papers,5334 ); Western Tight Gas (6 papers,5334 ); Eastern Tight Gas (8 papers,5334 ); Conventional/Speculative Resources (8 papers,5334 ); and Gas to Liquids (6 papers). Individual reports are processed separately on the data bases.

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Effects of in-situ oil-shale retorting on water quality near Rock Springs, Wyoming, Volume 1

Experimental in-situ retorting techniques (methods of extracting shale oil without mining) were used from 1969 to 1979 by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Laramie Energy Technology Center (LETC) at a test area near Rock Springs in southwestern Wyoming. The retorting experiments at site 9 have produced elevated concentrations of some contaminants in the ground water. During 1988 and 1989, the US Geological Survey, in cooperation with the US Department of Energy, conducted a site characterization study to evaluate the chemical contamination of ground water at the site. Water samples from 34 wells were analyzed; more than 70 identifiable organic compounds were detected using a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analytical methods. This report provides information that can be used to evaluate possible remedial action for the site. Remediation techniques that may be applicable include those techniques based on removing the contaminants from the aquifer and those based on immobilizing the contaminants. Before a technique is selected, the risks associated with the remedial action (including the no-action alternative) need to be assessed, and the criteria to be used for decisions regarding aquifer restoration need to be defined. 31 refs., 23 figs., 9 tabs.

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Development of an advanced continuous mild gasification process for the production of coproducts

Western Research Institute (WRI) teamed with the AMAX Research and Development Center and Riley Stoker Corporation on Development of an Advanced, Continuous Mild-Gasification Process for the Production of Coproducts under contract DE-AC21-87MC24268 with the Morgantown Energy Technology of the US Department of Energy. The strategy for this project is to produce electrode binder pitch and diesel fuel blending stock by mild gasification of Wyodak coal. The char is upgraded to produce anode-grade carbon, carbon black, and activated carbon. This report describes results of mild-gasification tests conducted by WRI. Char upgrading tests conducted by AMAX will be described in a separate report.

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Reservoir model for lenticular sands. Final report

The results of a research effort to develop a multiphase naturally fractured, lenticular reservoir simulator is presented. The simulator possesses the capability of investigating the effects of non-Darcy flow, Klinkenberg effect, and transient multiphase wellbore storage for wells with finite and infinite conductivity fractures. The simulator has been utilized to simulate actual pressure transient data for gas wells associated with the United States Department of Energy, Western Gas Sands Project, MWX Experiments. The results of these simulations are contained in the report as well as simulation results for hypothetical wells which are producing under multiphase flow conditions. In addition to the reservoir simulation development, and theoretical and field case studies the results of an experimental program to investigate multiphase non-Darcy flow coefficients (inertial resistance coefficients or beta factors as they are sometimes called) are also presented. The experimental data was obtained for non-Darcy flow in porous and fractured media. The results clearly indicate the dependence of the non-Darcy flow coefficient upon liquid saturation. Where appropriate comparisons are made against data available in the open literature. In addition, theoretical development of a correlation to predict non-Darcy flow coefficients as a function of effective gas permeability, liquid saturations, and porosity is presentd. The results presented in this report will provide scientists and engineers tools to investigate well performance data and production trends for wells completed in lenticular, naturally fractured formations producing under non-Darcy, multiphase conditions. 65 refs., 57 figs., 15 tabs.

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Atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion. Technology status report

The goal of DOE/METC's AFBC activities is to establish an engineering technology base by 1990, from which the industrial, commercial, and residential sectors can build and operate coal-fired AFBC systems. These systems will be capable of economically generating process steam, direct and indirect heat, and onsite electric power from coals of all ranks and sulfur contents in an environmentally acceptable manner. First-generation atmospheric fluidized-bed technology is considered commercial; a number of US boiler manufacturers are offering commercial units. However, many of these first units are products of empirical design and offer marginal gains in economics, performance, and reliability over conventional systems. In order to resolve the remaining technical issues and to broaden the market, DOE is pursuing advanced concepts. Development of this second-generation AFBC technology is directed toward small industrial, commercial, and residential applications. Penetration of these potential markets will require: (1) a 20 to 30% reduction in capital and operating costs over first-generation technology; (2) significant improvements in performance and reliability; and (3) compliance with existing and proposed New Source Performance Standards for environmental emissions. Current AFBC activities address: industrial operations, advanced concepts, and technology development. Four AFBC demonstration projects were active in FY 1984. The development of AFBC technology is directly supported by the evaluation of five advanced concepts by the M.W. Kellogg Company (circulating-bed FBC), Battelle Columbus Laboratories (spouted-bed FBC), Aerojet Energy Conversion Company (moving-bed FBC), Howard University (staged cascade FBC), and Arthur D. Little, Inc. (pulsed-bed FBC). These concepts may improve the economics and performance. 13 refs., 11 figs.

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