AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Pennsylvania Spatial Data: Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database for Montour County

From the site: "This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties."

Tags: Geographic, Geology, Montour County, PASDA, Pennsylvania, Soils, data, download, gis, soil, soil survey
Effects of Porosity Type, Pore Geometry, and Diagenetic History on Tertiary Recovery of Petroleum

Effects of Porosity Type, Pore Geometry, and Diagenetic History on Tertiary Recovery of Petroleum from Carbonate Reservoirs, Final Report; September 1981

Tags: Arctic Petroleum Reserve, Geology, carbonat, diagenetic, effect, enhanced gas recovery, history, pore geometry, porosit, tertiary, type
Review of Emerging Resources: U.S. Gas and Shale Oil Plays

To gain a better understanding of the potential U.S. domestic shale gas and shale oil resources, EIA commissioned INTEK, Inc. to develop an assessment of onshore Lower 48 States technically recoverable shale gas and shale oil resources. This paper briefly describes the scope, methodology, and key results of the report and discusses the key assumptions that underlie the results.

Tags: Gas Play, Geology, North America, Oil Play, Shale, Task 9, United Stated
Natural Gas Plays in the Marcellus Shale: Challenges and Potential Opportunities

Natural Gas Plays in the Marcellus Shale: Challenges and Potential Opportunities

The U.S. has abundant natural gas resources within the Barnett Shale, Haynesville/Bossier Shale, Antrim Shale, Fayetteville Shale, New Albany Shale, and Marcellus Shale. Technically recoverable natural gas from these shales is more than 1,744 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) (50 km3), which includes 211 Tcf of proven reserves (1). At the annual production rate of about 19.3 Tcf, there is enough natural gas to supply the U.S. for the next 90 years with some estimates extending the supply to 116 years. The total number of natural gas and condensate wells in the U.S. rose 5.7% in 2008 to a record 478,562 with some of the produced natural gas lost via flaring (2). However, available data on flaring of natural gas is incomplete and inconsistent.

Tags: Geology, Marcellus Shale, Natural Gas Play
Coupled K-spar dissolution and secondary mineral precipitation in batch systems: 200C and 300bars

Coupled alkali-feldspar dissolution and secondary mineral precipitation in batch systems: 1. New experiments at 200 °C and 300 bars

Batch reactor experiments were conducted to assess perthitic alkali-feldspar dissolution and secondary mineral formation in an initially acidic !uid (pH=3.1) at 200 °C and 300 bars. Temporal evolution of fluid chemistry was monitored by major element analysis of in situ !uid samples. Solid reaction products were retrieved from two identical experiments terminated after 5 and 78 days. Scanning electron microscopy revealed dissolution features and signi"cant secondary mineral coverage on feldspar surfaces. Boehmite and kaolinite were identi"ed as secondary minerals by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Xray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of alkali-feldspar surfaces before and after reaction showed a trend of increasing Al/Si ratios and decreasing K/Al ratios with reaction progress, consistent with the formation of boehmite and kaolinite. Saturation indices of feldspars and secondary minerals suggest that albite dissolution occurred throughout the experiments, while K-feldspar exceeded saturation after 216 h of reaction. Reactions proceeded slowly and full equilibrium was not achieved, the relatively high temperature of the experiments notwithstanding. Thus, time series observations indicate continuous supersaturation with respect to boehmite and kaolinite, although the extent of this decreased with reaction progress as the driving force for albite dissolution decreased. The "rst experimental evidence of metastable co-existence of boehmite, kaolinite and alkali feldspar in the feldspar hydrolysis system is consistent with theoretical models of mineral dissolution/precipitation kinetics where the ratio of the secondary mineral precipitation rate constant to the rate constant of feldspar dissolution is well below unity. This has important implications for modeling the time-dependent evolution of feldspar dissolution and secondary mineral formation in natural systems.

Tags: Fluids, Geochemistry, Geology, Solids, dissolution, feldspar, k-spar, mineral precipitation
CHEMISTRY AND ORIGIN OF OIL AND GAS WELL BRINES IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA

Brines having moderate to high salt content (up to 343 grams per liter [g/L]) occupy most pore spaces in rocks below a depth of a few thousand feet in Pennsylvania and are brought to the surface during oil and gas operations. Forty analyses of brines from a range of geologic environments in western Pennsylvania are reported here, accompanied by brief descriptions of analytical methods required to obtain valid and accuratedata, especially for unstable parameters such as pH and oxidation state. The brines are dominated by Na-Ca-Cl.

Tags: Fluids, Gas Well Brines, Gases, Geochemistry, Geology, Marcellus Shale, Task 9, Utica Shale, Western Pennsylvania
Methane contamination of drinking water accompanying gas-well drilling and hydraulic fracturing

Directional drilling and hydraulic-fracturing technologies are dramatically increasing natural-gas extraction. In aquifers overlying the Marcellus and Utica shale formations of northeastern Pennsylvania and upstate New York, we document systematic evidence for methane contamination of drinking water associated with shalegas extraction. In active gas-extraction areas (one or more gas wells within 1 km), average and maximum methane concentrations in drinking-water wells increased with proximity to the nearest gas well and were 19.2 and 64 mg CH4 L−1 (n ¼ 26), a potential explosion hazard; in contrast, dissolved methane samples in neighboring nonextraction sites (no gas wells within 1 km) within similar geologic formations and hydrogeologic regimes averaged only 1.1 mgL−1 (P < 0.05; n ¼ 34). Average δ13C-CH4 values of dissolved methane in shallow groundwater were significantly less negative for active than for nonactive sites (−37  7‰ and −54  11‰, respectively; P < 0.0001). These δ13C-CH4 data, coupled with the ratios of methane-to-higher-chain hydrocarbons, and δ2H-CH4 values, are consistent with deeper thermogenic methane sources such as the Marcellus and Utica shales at the active sites and matched gas geochemistry from gas wells nearby. In contrast, lower-concentration samples from shallow groundwater at nonactive sites had isotopic signatures reflecting a more biogenic or mixed biogenic/ thermogenic methane source. We found no evidence for contamination of drinking-water samples with deep saline brines or fracturing fluids. We conclude that greater stewardship, data, and—possibly—regulation are needed to ensure the sustainable future of shale-gas extraction and to improve public confidence in its use.

Tags: Dissolved Gase, Fluids, Gases, Geochemistry, Geology, Groundwater, Marcellus Shale, Methane, Task 9, Utica Shale
Methane in West Virginia Ground Water

Methane has been found as a dissolved gas in numerous ground-water samples from water wells in West Virginia. Methane (CH4) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that can cause oxygen-deficient atmospheres, flammable situations, or explosive environments. This USGS Fact Sheet briefly details the methane in West Virginia Groundwater.

Tags: Dissolved Gases, Fluids, Gases, Geochemistry, Groundwater, Marcellus Shale, Methane, Task 9, West Virginia
Dissolved Methane in New York Groundwater

New York State is underlain by numerous bedrock
formations of Cambrian to Devonian age that produce natural gas and to a lesser extent oil. This USGS Open-File report examines the dissolved methane in New York groundwater.

Tags: Cambrian, Devonian, Dissolved Gas, Fluids, Gases, Geochemistry, Geology, Groundwater, Marcellus Shale, USGS Open-File Report, methane, task 9
Increased stray gas abundance in subset of drinking water wells near Marcellus shale gas extraction

Increased stray gas abundance in a subset of drinking water wells near Marcellus shale gas extraction

Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are transforming energy production, but their potential environmental effects remain controversial. We analyzed 141 drinking waterwells across theAppalachian Plateaus physiographic province of northeastern Pennsylvania, examining natural gas concentrations and isotopic signatures with proximity to shale gas wells. Methane was detected in 82% of drinking water samples, with average concentrations six times
higher for homes <1 km from natural gas wells (P = 0.0006). Ethane was 23 times higher in homes <1 km from gas wells (P = 0.0013); propane was detected in 10 water wells, all within approximately 1 km distance (P = 0.01). Of three factors previously proposed to influence gas concentrations in shallow groundwater (distances to gas wells, valley bottoms, and the Appalachian Structural Front, a proxy for tectonic deformation), distance to gas wells was highly significant for methane concentrations (P = 0.007; multiple regression), whereas distances to valley bottoms and the Appalachian Structural Front were not significant (P = 0.27 and P = 0.11, respectively). Distance to gas wells was also the most significant factor for Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses (P < 0.01). For ethane concentrations, distance to gas wells was the only statistically significant factor (P < 0.005). Isotopic signatures (δ13C-CH4, δ13C-C2H6, and δ2H-CH4), hydrocarbon ratios (methane to ethane and propane), and the ratio of the noble gas 4He to CH4 in groundwater were characteristic of a thermally postmature Marcellus-like source in some cases. Overall, our data suggest that some homeowners living <1 km from gas wells have drinking water contaminated with stray gases.

Tags: Appalachian B, Drinking Wat, Fluids, Gas, Gases, Geochemistry, Geology, Marcellus Shale, Task 9
Geochemical context for gas investigations App. Basin. Gases from Neogene-Devonian strata

A geochemical context for stray gas investigations in the northern Appalachian Basin: Implications of analyses of natural gases
from Neogene-through Devonian-age strata

As the pace of drilling activity in the Marcellus Formation in the northern Appalachian Basin has increased, so has the number of alleged incidents of stray natural gas migration to shallow aquifer systems. For this study, more than 2300 gas and water samples were analyzed for molecular composition and stable isotope compositions of methane and ethane. The samples are from Neogene- to Middle Devonian-age strata in a five-county study area in northeastern Pennsylvania. Samples were collected from the vertical and lateral sections of 234 gas wells during mud gas logging (MGL) programs and 67 private groundwater-supply wells during baseline groundwaterquality testing programs. Evaluation of this geochemical database reveals that microbial, mixed microbial and thermogenic, and thermogenic gases of different thermal maturities occur in some shallow aquifer systems and throughout the stratigraphy above the Marcellus Formation. The gas occurrences predate Marcellus Formation drilling activity. Isotope data reveal that thermogenic gases are predominant in the regional Neogene and Upper Devonian rocks that comprise the potable aquifer system in the upper 305 m (1000 ft) (average d13C1 = −43.53‰ average d13C2 = −40.95‰; average dDC1 = −232.50‰) and typically are distinct from gases in the Middle Devonian Marcellus Formation (average d13C1 = 32.37‰; average d13C2 = −38.48‰; average dDC1 = −162.34‰). Additionally, isotope geochemistry at the site-specific level reveals a complex thermal and migration history with gas mixtures and partial isotope reversals (d13C1 > d13C2) in the units overlying the Marcellus Formation. Identifying a source for stray natural gas requires the synthesis of multiple data types at the site-specific level. Molecular and isotope geochemistry provide evidence of gas origin and
secondary processes that may have affected the gases during migration. Such data provide focus for investigations where the potential sources for stray gas include multiple, naturally occurring, and anthropogenic gases.

Tags: Appalachian Basin, Gases, Geochemical, Geochemistry, Geology, Marcellus Shale, Neogene-Devonian, Solids, task 9
The National Geologic Map Database

An online GIS map depicting the geology of the United States with links to archives and collections of downloadable data regarding the geology of the United States. The map and data focus on the western and central states; few eastern states have geological data present on the map. Data boundaries are defined by county borders, state borders, and quadrants/quadrangles of varying sizes; as a result, some areas have multiple maps or sources presenting data for them. 

Downloadable data comes in PDF, JPEG, compressed GeoTIFF, and Google Earth KMZ formats. 

Tags: GIS, Geology, download, geology, national geologic map database
Slurry Fischer-Tropsch/Mobil Two-Stage Process of Converting Syngas to High Octane Gasoline.

Slurry Fischer-Tropsch/Mobil Two-Stage Process of Converting Syngas to High Octane Gasoline. QUARTERLY REPORT, 1 OCTOBER-31 DECEMBER 1982

Tags: Geology, Slurry, converting, fischer-Tropsch, gasolin, mobil, octane, syngas, two-stage
STUDY OF EBULLATED-BED FLUID DYNAMICS FOR H-COAL. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT NO. 2

STUDY OF EBULLATED-BED FLUID DYNAMICS FOR H-COAL. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT NO. 2, OCTOBER 1-DECEMBER 31, 1980

Tags: 1980, Geology, bed, dynamics, ebullated, fluid, h-coa, progress report, quarterly
STUDY OF EBULLATED BED FLUID DYNAMICS FOR H-COAL. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT NO. 1

STUDY OF EBULLATED BED FLUID DYNAMICS FOR H-COAL. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT NO. 1, JULY 1-SEPTEMBER 30, 1980

Tags: 1980, Geology, bed, dynamic, ebullated, fluid, h-coal, no.1, quarterly progress report
The Expanding Role of the Geologist in the Estimation of Resources/Reserves in Shale Gas Reservoirs

Resource and reserves estimation methodology for conventional oil and gas reservoirs is based in large part on the historic precedent of geologic and engineering evaluation over the last 150 years. Conversely, the methods used for shale gas reservoirs are recently developed and still evolving. Gas shale formations display complex reservoir characteristics, including free and adsorbed gas, natural fractures, and very low matrix permeability. These characteristics vary significantly vertically and laterally within shale reservoirs, controlled by both depositional setting and subsequent burial and tectonic history. During early stages of a shale gas development program, critical data are required to fully assess the gas in place (resources) and the
potential for economic recovery of that gas (reserves). These data, including formation geometry, porosity, organic content and composition, gas sorption, and reservoir pressure, are used by the geologist to begin to understand the static reservoir structure. Stochastic techniques are often employed to populate the static geologic model of the exploration area. Subsequent data obtained from completion and production operations begin to define the dynamic reservoir structure, including completed reservoir volume and flow dynamics. Combining traditional deterministic forecasting techniques (analog, volumetric, decline curve) with more specialized methods (shale gas specific analytic and simulation models) provides an initial understanding of reservoir performance and ultimate recovery. Awareness of the reservoir and reservoir property continuity is critical for assessing with reasonable certainty the extent and viability of this continuous play within and outside of the initial exploration area. Assessing developed plays again relies on a combined stochastic/deterministic approach; however, in this more data-rich setting the geologist will rely on a more deterministic approach for evaluating the changing static and dynamic conditions within the reservoir. From this evaluation, production regions/compartments within the continuous deposit are defined. Production analysis and forecasting at this stage often use a stochastic approach, in part because of the abundant production data and the known variability inherent in shale gas production. Understanding production variability in light of the static and dynamic reservoir conditions can further satisfy the reasonable certainty criteria required for reserves estimation.

Tags: Geology, geologist, reservoir, shale, shale gas, shale play, task 9
Geochemical signatures of black shales Anoxic Event 2 in the tropical Atlantic and in Germany

Geochemical signatures of black shales deposited during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (Cenomanian/Turonian) in the tropical Atlantic (Demerara Rise, ODP Leg 207) and in northern Germany (Wunstorf)

Tags: Anoxic, Black shales, Cenomanian, General, Oceanic, Turonian, Wunstorf, task 9
Speciation and Fate of Arsenic in Three Lakes of the Aberjona Watershed

The speciation of arsenic in the environment is controlled by reduction, methylation, and oxidation processes and is
therefore influenced by redox conditions. However, in the lakes studied, speciation was found to be far from thermodynamic equilibrium. A Superfund site is a major source of As to the watershed, with the Aberjona River being the main conduit for As found in the Mystic Lakes. Total As concentrations in the water column decrease downstream, from >lo0 nM in the Hall's Brook Storage Area (HBSA), where As(II1) enters via reducing groundwater, to <20 nM in the Lower Mystic Lake (LML); the sediments of all the lakes are sinks for As. Biologically mediated reduction, at rates of 0.2-0.5 % of the total As day', and methylation, at rates of 0.4-0.6 % of the total As day', occur in the mixed layers of these lakes. However, these processes are slow or absent in the hypolimnion, allowing As(V) to accumulate in seasonally anoxic hypolimnetic waters. High micromolar concentrations of As, predominantly As(III), persist in the saline, sulfidic monimolimnion of the LML. The production of As(II1) and methylated As species in the water column of these lakes inhibits the removal of As to the sediments, thereby increasing the mobility of As in this watershed. 

Tags: Abjerona Region, Aresenic, Fluids, Geochemistry, Speciation, Task 9, Three Lake
RBDMSNET

 The Ground Water Protection Council (GWPC) developed the Risk Based Data Management System (RBDMS) for regulatory agencies to use in managing and analyzing oil and gas program data and water resources management information. The GWPCs approach to increasing data availability through the RBDMS and its Web interfaces focuses on partnering with federal and state agencies, industry groups, and citizens.   Since the programs inception in 1992, the development of the award-winning RBDMS software has been underwritten through grants from the Department of Energy. Matching funding has been provided by state agencies in the forms of both donated, in-kind services and direct funding. Originally developed in Access version 1.1, RBDMS has evolved to the latest .NET technologies and has been adopted as a national standard.   RBDMS.NET combines the best aspects of the e-commerce initiatives Web interfaces: full-text searching, integrated GIS, automated notifications, and security that can be configured through defined system roles and user profiles. The same application is used both within agency offices and for field inspection. The result provides immediate access to data for purposes of area trend analyses, well and mine history tracking (ownership, bonding, permitting, location, construction, inspection, production, and plugging/ restoration), compliance monitoring, and complaint adjudication. The GWPC is now overseeing rollouts in Mississippi and Oklahoma. Other agencies also are planning to upgrade to RBDMS.NET.   RBDMS.NET Web interfaces have been installed in many agencies, greatly leveraging efficiency in mission-critical tasks such as reporting UIC data directly to EPA from RBDMS, automating the collection of production and disposition data from operators, and offering electronic permitting of oil and gas wells.   RBDMS development has historically been and continues to be directed by RBDMS states. Ongoing RBDMS development, legacy data conversion and migration, and system setup efforts in multiple states are overseen by both the GWPC and the RBDMS Technical Committee, a users group whose participation is drawn from multiple states.   In addition to telephone and remote [Terminal Services and/or Virtual Private Network (VPN)] help desk support, GWPC provides user support, code sharing, and development updates through peer-to-peer networking, bi-annual training meetings, open-attendance weekly conference calls, and an interactive feature request site.  

Tags: Boundaries, GWPC, Geographic, Ground Water Protection Council, State Boundaries, gas, injection well, oil, permitting, underground, water, water protection
West Virginia Well Log Data

This web server, run by the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, contains data on:
WVGES Scanned Well Logs
WVGES Digitized Logs
WVGES Slabbed Core Photographs
WVGES Rock Information (includes Well Sample Descriptions)
WVGES E-Files (Scanned Plats, Completions, etc)

Tags: Marcellus Shale, Slab core photos, WVGES, Well Data, West Virginia, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, task 9, well data
Pennsylvania Spatial Data: Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database for Northampton County

From the site: "This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties."

Tags: Geographic, Geology, Northampton County, PASDA, Pennsylvania, Soils, data, download, gis, soil, soil survey