AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Understanding and Managing Environmental Roadblocks to Shale Gas Development

The objective of this study is to enhance our understanding of the geochemistry of the natural system and its behavior when perturbed by hydraulic fracturing (HF). Presence of gas, trace metals, and NORMs in aquifers may or may not be related to HF operations associated with shale gas production. To achieve this objective, we will (1) evaluate sources and mobilization mechanisms for shallow gases in aquifers using chemistry, isotopes, microbes, and noble gases; (2) assess quantity and mobilization mechanisms of trace metals and NORMs using laboratory batch experiments with injected water (fresh to brackish) and produced water to determine the impact of water chemistry on mobilization of trace metals and NORMs; and (3) develop Best Management Practices with respect to characterizing sources and processes impacting shallow gas in aquifers.

The work will be focused on Texas plays. They are sufficiently diverse to represent a wide range of plays throughout the nation. The general focus of the industry on liquid-rich plays, such as the Barnett Shale with its combo play in its northern section and, in particular, the Eagle Ford Shale oil window, will also be the focus of this study.

Tags: 11122-56, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Relationships between Induced Seismicity and Fluid Injection: Development of Strategies

The primary objectives of this program was: (1) to determine the relationships between fluid injection practices, regional geology and stress regime, and the occurrence of earthquakes; (2) to identify waste-disposal strategies for injection that reduce and minimize the triggering of seismic activity, or that ensure that seismic activity is confined to low-magnitude, harmless events.



Tags: 11122-27, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Reducing the Environmental Impact of Gas Shale Development: Advanced Analytical Methods for Air

GSI Environmental Inc. and its partners at Texas A&M University assembled a multi-disciplinary team of scientists, researchers, industry, government and regulatory representatives to evaluate current sampling methodologies and analytical technologies, conduct field trials in multiple shale plays and develop recommended practices for:

Baseline Sampling for Dissolved Methane: Development of recommendations for improved sample collection and data interpretation for pre-drill and post-drill sampling programs, based on an improved understanding of the variability associated with sampling methodology and temporal factors.

Advanced Analytical Air Monitoring: Development of a protocol for measurement of air emissions from production facilities and open impoundments using an Open Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometer, integrated meteorological sensors and an optical imaging camera.

Produced Water Characterization: Evaluation of innovative analytical technologies for on-site analysis of key chemical and microbial constituents in produced water to facilitate cost-effective reuse, treatment, and/or disposal of flowback/produced water.

Tags: 11122-45, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Reconciling top-down and bottom-up greenhouse gas and air pollutant emission estimates

The objective of the project is to provide the scientific and industrial communities with a tested, standardized research protocol for estimating methane emissions from onshore oil and gas systems in a given natural gas production basin anywhere in the continental US. This protocol shall include advancements in both bottom-up and top-down components, aiming to reconcile potential differences between results from the two approaches. Reconciliation is defined as reducing the gap observed in prior studies between inventories and measurements with the goal of achieving the closest agreement possible considering relevant uncertainty analysis for each approach.



Tags: 12122-95, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Prevention and Remediation of Sustained Casing Pressure and other Isolation Breaches

The objectives of this project are to develop techniques to mitigate risk to groundwater resources associated with shale gas development, to remediate failed annular seal to stop communication in an existing well, to improve techniques that enhance lifelong wellbore annular isolation during the wellbore construction process, and to prevent potential annual seal failure which can cause sustained casing pressure (SCP) later in the well life.  The application of this project will illustrate positive value and acceptable risk of the gas shut-off and prevention concepts. The success of the field trials will drive the technology transfer of this developed concept to shale gas driller cross the U.S. as well as other unconventional plays employing factory drilling methods for wells with high potential of SCP. In general, the issue of sustained SCP as it relates to horizontal shale wells will be researched.



Tags: 11122-42, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Prediction of Fault Reactivation in Hydraulic Fracturing of Horizontal Wells in Shale Gas Reservoirs

The overall objective is to develop a fundamental basis for characterization of geomechanical performance of shale gas reservoirs in the process of hydraulic fracturing stimulation.  This effort shall focus on predicting fault reactivation (shear slippage) and improving effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation to enhance production of horizontal gas shale wells, targeting the Marcellus shale in the Appalachian Basin.



Tags: 09122-06, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Petrophysics and Tight Rock Characterization for the Application of Improved Stimulation

The goals of project are to improve understanding of rock-fluid interactions in shale, to improve petrophysical characterization methods and propose standards for shale analysis, and to develop methodology for the selection of fracturing fluids and additives. Specific objectives include (1) developing techniques, workflows, and best practices for the petrologic and petrophysical characterization of shale; (2) proposing analytical standards for porosity and permeability measurement in shale similar to those that exist for conventional reservoirs; (3) explore techniques to characterize shale microstructure; (4) characterizing interactions among rock, reservoir fluid, stimulation fluid, and additives; and (5) developing techniques to rapidly evaluate stimulation fluids and additives.



Tags: 11122-63, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Paleozoic Shale-Gas Resources of the Colorado Plateau and Eastern Great Basin, Utah Fact Sheet

The study will provide basin specific analyses of shale-gas reservoir properties, as has been done for shale-gas reservoirs elsewhere in the U.S., to develop the best local completion practices that can be applied to the emerging Manning Canyon, Delle Phosphatic, and Paradox frontier gas shales.



Tags: 07122-45, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Novel Gas Isotope Interpretation Tools to Optimize Gas Shale Production Fact Sheet

The overall objective of this work is to develop novel diagnostic tools for predicting, monitoring, and optimizing shale gas production. There are three primary objectives of this project. First, to field-deploy our gas isotope spectrometer for real time measuring carbon and duterim isotope ratios of nature gas; second, to develop a user friendly interpretive tool to quantify the remaining gas potential, amount of free gas and absorbed gas; and third, to integrate with other field operational data through our industrial partners and to rationalize our results.



Tags: 08122-15, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
New Albany Shale Gas Fact Sheet

To develop techniques and methodologies for increasing the success ratio and productivity of shale gas wells in the New Albany formation, which has not been exploited, to a level at which the otherwise noncommercial wells become commercial producers. Scientific and technical analyses will be combined with field data acquisition, testing, and field validation to produce an integrated project plan for geologic, geochemical, reservoir engineering, and production stimulation studies, as well as a detailed field data acquisition and testing plan addressing all major issues.



Tags: 07122-16, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Measurement of Hydrocarbon and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Uncharacterized Area Sources

This project will quantify emissions from uncharacterized area sources, including produced water evaporation ponds, land farms, areas with natural (and human-enhanced) geological seepage, and soils near wells in Utah's Uintah Basin. These sources have never been quantified but likely contribute significantly to overall ozone-forming hydrocarbon and greenhouse gas emissions. Quantification will improve the accuracy and efficacy of air quality decisions made by operators while expanding the pool of characterized emission sources that can be used in emissions reductions schemes required by air quality regulators in the Uintah Basin and other areas. Emissions from facilities that employ different solid and liquid waste management strategies will be tested to determine the air emissions impact of each strategy.



Tags: 12122-15, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Improvement of Fracturing in Gas Shales

The objective of this project was to develop non-damaging fracture fluids (including proppants) for gas shale reservoirs that also minimize water use (and disposal) and demonstrate their use by field tests. Use of ultra-light weight proppants will be combined with foams to maximize fracture length, minimize formation damage, minimize water use, and minimize fluid disposal. The project will be executed in two phases: fluid development and field demonstration.



Tags: 07122-38, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Improved Drilling and Fracturing Fluids for Shale Gas Reservoirs

The primary objective of the proposal is to lower the cost of drilling and improve the effectiveness of fracture treatments in shale gas reservoirs. This is proposed to be accomplished through, (a) The development and field-testing of nanoparticle based water-base drilling fluids which are less expensive than currently used oil-base drilling fluids, and (b) The addition of nanoparticles to minimize water blocking in slick-water fracs in shale gas reservoirs.




Tags: 09122-41, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Evaluation of Fracture Systems and Stress Fields Within the Marcellus Shale and Utica Shale

The objective of the project is to use rock physics in combination with new seismic data-acquisition technologies based on cableless boxes and accelerated-weight and vector explosive sources to determine how combinations of offset-dependent and azimuth-dependent P-wave and S-wave attributes can be used to optimize exploitation of fractured, shale-gas reservoirs.


Tags: 08122-55, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Development of Subsurface Brine Disposal Framework in the Northern Appalachian Basin

The overall objective of this project is to develop a geologic and operational framework for brine disposal in the Northern Appalachian Basin so that the produced fluids from unconventional onshore resource exploitation can be disposed safely and economically.  Growth in shale gas production and associated brine and flowback water disposal needs has led to significant current and projected demand for brine disposal wells in the Appalachian Basin. Addressing this demand in a safe and economically viable manner requires a systematic framework for managing fluids disposal in the Northern Appalachian Basin. This project addresses a crucial need of unconventional oil and gas production by assessing the geologic and reservoir management aspects, conducting source-sink analysis to predict the future capacity for brine disposal in the region, and providing guidance for operators, gas producers, regulators, and public stakeholders.

Tags: 11122-73, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Development of Non-Contaminating Cryogenic Fracturing Technology for Shale Fact Sheet

The objective of the project was to study, test and develop an innovative technology for enhanced gas recovery (EGR) from low-permeability shale gas and tight gas reservoirs. In particular, the proposed research was focused on developing a novel cryogenic fracturing technology for significant reduction of flow resistance near wells and increase mobile gas volume in unconventional gas reservoirs.

Tags: 10122-20, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Development of Geographic Information System (GIS) - Based Tool for Optimized Fluid Management

The overall objective of this proposed study was to provide a set of web-based tools that will enable producers and other users to characterize, treat, beneficially use, and manage produced water and frac flowback water from unconventional gas production. The goal is to sustain gas production while minimizing potential impacts on natural water resources, public health, and environment.  Built upon the integrated decision making framework developed for CBM produced water management, the proposed study focuses on shale gas and tight sand production, the most difficult and least developed.  The proposed research was designed for 36 months and organized into four phases. The overall objective of the proposal was to develop GIS-based tools that can be used to optimize water management decisions during unconventional oil and gas development and production to minimize the environmental impact. The environmental impacts that will be directly assessed with the tool include the handling, treatment and disposal of produced water, air toxics and greenhouse gases associated with fluids handling, water footprint, and the optimal siting of wells and treatment facilities with respect to community impacts.

Tags: 11122-55, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Connectivity between fractures and pores in hydrocarbon-rich mudrocks Fact Sheet

The objective of this project is to determine the degree to which fracture systems induced prior to production form a network of connected flow pathways that access the surrounding matrix porosity. Both laboratory experiments and numerical simulation will be employed to understand fracture system development and characterization. This will require defining the rock properties and stress conditions necessary for these fracture systems to develop, and characterizing the size and distribution of fracture systems that do develop, as well as characterizing the unfractured matrix microstructure around factures. The overall goal is to develop targeted methods for determining where the best production results within a mudrock reservoir may be expected and methods for exploiting favorable rock properties to enhance production rates and recovery.

Tags: 12122-52, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Advancing a Web-based Tool for Unconventional Natural Gas Development with Focus on Flowback

The overall objective of the proposed study was to provide a set of web-based tools that will enable producers and other users to characterize, treat, beneficially use, and manage produced water and frac flowback water from unconventional gas production. The goal is to sustain gas production while minimizing potential impacts on natural water resources, public health, and environment. Built upon the integrated decision making framework developed for CBM produced water management, the proposed study focuses on shale gas and tight sand production, the most difficult and least developed. The proposed research was designed for 36 months and organized into four phases.



Tags: 11122-53, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Advanced Treatment of Shale Gas Fracturing Water to Produce NPDES Quality Water

The overall objectives of this project are to determine if an integrated approach using magnetic ballast clarification (MBC), vortex-generating (FMX) and non-filtration (NF) membranes, and hydrogel media or precipitation/solidification/stabilization can:

1. Produce water suitable for national pollutant discharge elimination system (NPDES) discharge and/or beneficial reuse pursuant to state regulations.

2. Produce a brine slurry with metal concentrations below detection; and

3. Volumetrically decrease the metals waste to be disposed of and solidify/stabilize solid wastes for subsequent disposal.

Tags: 11122-57, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Advanced Hydraulic Fracturing Technology for Unconventional Tight Gas Reservoirs Fact Sheet

Project objective was to develop new methods for creating extensive, conductive hydraulic fractures in unconventional tight gas reservoirs by synergistically combining the analysis of historical data with the results of laboratory experimentations using an entirely new conductivity test - the "dynamic fracture conductivity test", and developing design models to implement the optimal fracture treatments.



Tags: 07122-33, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Advanced Hydraulic Fracturing Fact Sheet

The primary objective of this project was to develop advanced methods and techniques for design and execution of environmentally safe and economically efficient hydraulic fracturing. The goal was to minimize the amount of water and additives used for fracture stimulation of a unit reservoir volume thereby alleviating the concerns relative to excessive use of fresh water, large volume of flow-back water, water disposal injections, and heavy truck traffic. The proposed optimization shall also reduce cost translating to sustainable production from gas shales.



Tags: 11122-20, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
A Self-Teaching Expert System for the Analysis, Design and Prediction of Gas Production from Shales

Develop a self-teaching expert system, available as a Web application/computer program, that is located on Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory servers and is distributable through the web, enables both "public" and "private" databases. Continuous updates to the databases and refine the underlying decision-making metrics and process (baseline mode), in prediction mode. It enables the design of appropriate production systems, the operation and management of unconventional (tight) gas resources (UGR), estimates uncertainties in optimization mode. It allows history matching and parameter identification from the data.



Tags: 07122-23, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
A Geomechanical Analysis of Gas Shale Fracturing and Its Containment

Conduct an integrated experimental and numerical study to accomplish the following objectives: (i) to understand the role of rock texture, fabric and deformation regime on induced fractures; (ii) to develop rock strength/elasticity heterogeneity models that can be used for gas shale, and (iii) implement experimental findings into improved 3D numerical fracture simulation models for assessment of containment and estimation of the stimulated volume.

Tags: 10122-42, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Conductivity Of Complex Fracturing In Unconventional Shale Reservoirs

The objective of the proposed research was to conduct a systematic experimental study of fracture conductivity in shale oil and gas formations. The study focused on the conductivity behavior of shales from three formations, namely the Barnett shale, the Fayetteville shale and the Eagle Ford shale. Outcrops and cores from the three shales will be collected, systematic experimental condition will be designed, and conductivity under different closure stresses will be studied by flowing either gas or liquid through the test cells. Both propped and un-propped fracture conductivity will be examined, and the effect of proppant type, size and concentration will be analyzed in the study. The conductivity obtainable in unpropped fractures will be identified, and the mechanisms of unpropped conductivity will be examined. The effect of natural fracture proppant type, size and loading closure stress, and rock mechanics properties, on fracture conductivity will be carefully examined in the project. Our understanding of fracture conductivity behavior in different shales will be further evaluated by performance prediction with simple models to explain the observation and support the findings from the experimental study.

New procedures and more flexible experimental apparatus has been developed with accurate measurement equipment for fracture conductivity. The similarities and differences in the conductivity behavior among the three shale formations will be summarized from the finding of the study, and experimental observations will be compared with publically reported production history observations to confirm the findings, explain the causes of failures of fracture treatments and unexpected declines of production performance, and provide guidelines for future fracture practices in these shale formations.

Both propped and un-propped fracture conductivity was examined, and the effect of proppant type, size and concentration was analyzed. The goal was to understand fracture conductivity behavior, and therefore to optimize fracture stimulation design in shale formations.



Tags: 11122-07, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Simulation of Shale Gas Reservoirs Incorporating Appropriate Pore Geometry

The objective of this project is to provide to the exploration and production industry commercial simulators for shale gas reservoirs that incorporate the necessary physical approximations and pore geometries to provide a valid model of gas and water production. To facilitate adoption and use by E&P professionals the objective is to modify current commercial simulators by substitution of new modules containing more appropriate approximations and pore geometries.

Tags: 09122-11, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Novel Engineered Osmosis Technology: A Comprehensive Approach to the Treatment

The objective of this project was to investigate the osmotically driven membrane processes. They are processes that utilize osmosis as a driving force to extract water from highly impaired water while concentrating and minimizing the volume of the contaminated streams. The proposed research will advance the development and implementation of the forward osmosis, osmotic dilution, a novel ultrafiltration process for treatment and management of well drilling, stimulation wastewater and produced water in many unconventional and conventional gas and oil fields. These processes have the potential to substantially reduce the overall costs and environmental impacts associated with gas and oil production.

Tags: 10122-39, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Multiazimuth Seismic Diffraction Imaging for Fracture Characterization in Low-Permeability Gas

The objective of the project is to create the seismic technology for fracture detection using p-wave diffraction imaging and test it against realistic fracture patterns. Also, the project will perfect sidewall-core and wireline-based methods that can be used to verify the new seismic method. Both methods will be tested to verify that they work in an exploration and production setting.

Tags: 08122-53, Fact Sheet, Unconventional
Coupled Flow-Geomechanical-Geophysical-Geochemical (F3G) Analysis of Tight Gas Production

Develop and implement an integrated methodology for building geomechanical models of tight gas systems (shale) that include knowledge of important characteristics of the native fracture network in the original undisturbed system, investigate through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, laboratory studies and field experiments the interrelation between the geomechanical and geophysical behavior of such systems in the course of well completion and stimulation, and develop models of the coupled flow, geomechanical geophysical and geochemical behavior of fractured tight gas systems from the earliest stages of well stimulation to long-term production, and use the results of the field test to validate them.

Tags: 08122-45, Fact Sheet, Unconventional