AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Shale oil value enhancement research. Quartery report, September 1, 1994--November 30, 1994

The focus of the phase-I research effort is now on exploratory level verification of the candidate process schemes. We are quite confident of the basic strategy, namely, division of the barrel by polarity and separate processing of the polar and non-polar streams. Processing of the non-polar stream must necessarily focus on the high value products found in the  400 {degrees}C fraction. We expect that waxes will meet high quality paraffin-wax specifications (partly because of the high initial boiling point) but the lube oil quality is not yet known. Verification of the polars processing scheme is aimed at determining the balance between broad-range concentrates and pure compounds. We have identified buyers for both types of streams but it is not yet clear how much value-addition is economically desirable. In the early stages of this work, we showed that there is an optimum level of processing and that over-processing might actually reduce the IRR. We are proceeding with the pilot plant developments in areas where we are confident of the process steps, eg. distillation and liquid-liquid extraction while completing the verification work before deciding what to do about piloting HDA, catalytic hydrotreating and liquid-solid adsorption.

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Shale oil value enhancement research. Quarterly report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993

The first year of this effort was focussed on the following broad objectives: (1) Analyze the molecular types present in shale oil (as a function of molecular weight distribution,3147 ); (2) Determine the behavior of these molecular types in liquid-liquid extraction; (3) Develop the analytical tools needed to systematize the process development; (4) Survey the markets to assure that these have high value uses for the types found in shale oil; (5) Explore selective process means for extracting/converting shale oil components into concentrates of potentially marketable components; (6) Compile overview of the venture development strategy and begin implementation of that strategy. Each of these tasks has been completed in sufficient detail that we can now focus on filling in the knowledge gaps evident from the overview.

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Naturally fractured tight gas reservoir detection optimization. Quarterly report, October 1, 1995--December 31, 1995

Bid adjustments, based on moving the location of the survey, have been received from the four companies that had previously bid on the 3D acquisition. Two companies, Western Geophysical and Northern Geophysical did not change their bids. Capilano and Grant Geophysical did change their bids to take into account turnkey shot hole drilling. Based on the normalization of key acquisition chargeables as indicated in Table 1, attached, crew availability and experience in the project area, I recommend that Western Geophysical be awarded the contract for seismic acquisition, subject to completion of an acceptable contract and approval by the DOE. This report provides information on data analysis and acquisition on stratigraphy and wells within the Piceance Basin.

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Base program on energy related research. Quarterly report, May, 1996--July 31, 1996

The Base Research Program at Western Research Institute (WRI) is planned to develop technologies to a level that will attract industrial sponsors for continued development under the Jointly Sponsored Research (JSR) Program. In many instances, a potential JSR cosponsor has been identified but additional laboratory or bench-scale data are necessary to assess the utility of the technology prior to cosponsor investment. Both peer and management review are employed prior to proposing Base projects to the US DOE. The goals of the Base Research Program are in support of those of the JSR program, which are designed to: increase the production of United States and western energy resources, particularly low-sulfur coal, natural gas, oil, and renewable energy resources; enhance the competitiveness of US and western energy technologies in international markets and assist in technology transfer; reduce the nations`s dependence on foreign energy supplies and strengthen both the US and regional economies; minimize environmental impacts of energy production and utilization. The goals of the JSR and Base Programs are accomplished by focusing research, development, demonstration, and commercialization in three major technology areas: Energy Programs emphasize the increased production and utilization of domestic energy resources and include enhanced oil recovery, coal bonification and upgrading, coalbed methane recovery, and renewable energy resources; Environmental Programs minimize the impact of energy production and utilization by providing technology to clean underground oily wastes, mitigate acid mine drainage, and demonstrate uses for Clean Coal Technology and pressurized fluidized bed combustion waste solids; Technology Enhancement activities encompass resource characterization studies, the development of improved environmental monitors and sensors, and improved techniques and models for predicting the dispersion of hazardous gas releases.

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Corrosion resistant coatings for silicon carbide heat exchanger tubes: Topical report

This heat exchanger is a critical step in the development of the Externally Fired Combined Cycle power system, a direct-coal combustion power plant (gas turbine). SiC is the only material with the needed resistance to creep, thermal shock, and oxidation; however a protective coating is needed. Ten candidate materials were identified: alumina-based materials, materials stable with SiO, and low expansion materials. An initial screening study should be performed.

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Selective methane oxidation over promoted oxide catalysts. Quarterly report, September 1 - November 30, 1995

The objective of this research is the selective oxidation of methane to C{sub 2}H{sub 4} hydrocarbons and to oxygenates, in particular formaldehyde and methanol. Air, oxygen, or carbon dioxide rather than nitrous oxide, are utilized as the oxidizing gas at high gas hourly space velocity but mild reaction conditions (500-700{degrees}C, 1 atm total pressure). All the investigated processes are catalytic, aiming at minimizing gas phase reactions that are difficult to control. During this quarter, solid state {sup 51}V NMR and double catalyst bed experiments were conducted to demonstrate the unfavorable effect of the presence of bulk crystalline V{sub 2}O{sub 5} in V{sub 2}O{sub 5}-SiO{sub 2} xerogel catalysts on selective oxidation of methane to methanol and formaldehyde. Results are discussed.

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Shale oil value enhancement research. Quarterly report, June 1 - August 31, 1996

The overall objective is to develop a new technology for manufacturing valuable marketable products from shale oil. The quarter`s efforts were concentrated on (a) THDA and reaction of alkylpyridines at elevated conditions, (b) compound type analysis of kerogen oil and its derived products, (b) thermal hydrodealkylation of the > 290{degrees}C polar fraction, (c) secondary reactions of pyridinic type compounds to form marketable products, and (d) preparation of presentation to the Dawnbreaker Commercial Assistance Program. Excellent progress is being made in all cases. Our market analysis and industrial feedback indicate that the low molecular weight pyridines are the main market driving force. We are concentrating our effort toward increasing the yield of ``light`` pyridines before the end of Phase II(a). Our current laboratory set-up can only produce analytical quantity of samples, which is not sufficient for marketing purpose. However, the completion of a secondary flow THDA unit for a pilot-scale production depends on the availability of the Phase-II(b) and Phase-III funding.

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Shale oil value enhancement research. Quarterly report, March 1 - May 31, 1996

The overall objective is to develop a new technology for manufacturing valuable marketable products from shale oil. Phase I objectives are to identify desirable components in shale oil, develop separations techniques for those components, identify market needs and to identify plausible products manufacturable from raw shale oil to meet those needs. The quarter`s efforts were concentrated on (a) compound type analysis of shale oil and its extraction products, (b) thermal hydrodealkylation of the >290{degrees}C polar fraction, (c) reaction of pyridinic type compounds to form secondary products, (d) updating SPX economic analysis, and (e) preparation of a business plan for presentation before the Dawnbreaker Commercial Assistance Program. The subcontract on the thermal hydrodealkylation work at the University of Utah ended at May 3 1, 1996. We have obtained valuable information from the batch experiments. The progress on the flow reactor proved somewhat limited because of the restriction of the existing reactor configuration. The liaison with potential industrial partners is continuing. An additional company has reached agreement to proceed with a geochemical testing of shale oil derived products.

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Particulate hot gas stream cleanup technical issues. Quarterly report, April 1 - June 30, 1996

This is the seventh in a series of quarterly reports describing the activities performed for this project. Our analyses of Hot Gas Stream Cleanup (HGCU) ashes and descriptions of filter performance address aspects of filter operation that are apparently linked to the characteristics of the collected ash or the performance of the ceramic barrier filter elements. Task 1 is designed to generate a data base of the key characteristics of ashes collected from operating advanced particle filters (APFs) and to relate these ash properties to the operation and performance of these filters. Task 2 concerns testing and failure analysis of ceramic filter elements. Under Task 1 during the past quarter, we received and analyzed a hopper ash sample from the Transport Reactor Demonstration Unit (TRDU) located at the University of North Dakota`s Energy and Environmental Research Center (UNDEERC). We also received six ash samples from the Ahlstrom 10 MWt Pressurized Fluidized Circulating Fluid Bed (PCFB) facility located at Karhula, Finland. We selected one of the filter cake ashes from this batch of samples for detailed analyses. We continued our work on the HGCU data base we are constructing in Microsoft Access{reg_sign}. We have been entering a variety of information into the data base, including numerical values, short or long text entries, and photographs. Task 2 efforts during the past quarter focused on hoop tensile testing of Schumacher FT20 and Refractron candle filter elements removed from the Karhula APF after {approximately}540 hours of service.

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Coolside waste management research. Quarterly report, October 1 - December 31, 1995

The objective of this research is to produce sufficient information on the physical and chemical nature of Coolside waste to design and construct physically stable and environmentally safe landfills. This quarterly report consists of three monthly progress reports. The first is on an ongoing field test where additional data obtained during this reporting period support earlier results indicating that mineralogical transformations continue in the field lysimeters as a function of available moisture, aging and static loading of the Coolside materials. The second report presents results from an ongoing laboratory testing which support earlier data that mineralogical transformations cause swell in the FBC ash samples. The objectives of this part of study focuses on long-term changes in permeability of clay liners caused by water leaching through FGD- materials into compacted clay liners. The third report summarizes results from an ongoing investigation of the capacity of dry FGD wastes to absorb acidic gases. This work is part of a continuing effort to identify and evaluate potential commercial applications for FGD waste materials. Results from an investigation of CO{sub 2} absorption in which waste samples were evaluated in both hydrated- solid and aqueous-slurry forms were previously reported. In that study, emphasis was placed on the removal of CO{sub 2} from multi- component gas streams, particularly, natural-gas streams. The current probe is an expansion of the CO{sub 2} absorption study and includes results from testing of H{sub 2}S, SO{sub 2}, NO, CH{sub 4}, and NO{sub 2} absorption. The relative affinity of the dry FGD wastes for the gases examined thus far was found to be SO{sub 2} > CO{sub 2} > H{sub 2}S. CH{sub 4} and NO are not absorbed and NO{sub 2} apparently decomposes on contact with surface water to NO and HNO{sub 3}.

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Advanced sulfur control concepts for hot-gas desulfurization technology. Quarterly report, July 1 - September 30, 1996

The primary objective is to determine the feasibility of an alternate concept for the regeneration of high temperature desulfurization sorbents in which elemental sulfur, instead of SO{sub 2} is produced. Iron and cerium-based sorbents were chosen on the basis of thermodynamic analysis to determine the feasibility of elemental sulfur production. Experimental effort on the regeneration of FeS using the partial oxidation concept was completed during the quarter, and attention returned to the sulfidation of CeO{sub 2} and regeneration of Ce{sub 2}O{sub 2}2S. Progress was made in the process simulation effort involving two-step desulfurization using CeO{sub 2} to remove the bulk of the H{sub 2}S followed by a zinc-titanate polishing step. The simulation effort includes regeneration of Ce{sub 2}O{sub 2}S using two concepts - reaction with SO{sub 2} reaction with H{sub 2}O. Elemental sulfur is formed directly in the reaction with SO{sub 2} while H{sub 2}S is the product of the regeneration reaction with steam. Steam regeneration is followed by a Claus process to convert the H{sub 2}S to elemental sulfur. The last test involving partial oxidation regeneration of FeS was completed in early July. Experimental problems were encountered throughout this phase of the program, primarily associated with erratic readings from the total sulfur analyzer. The problems are attributed to variable flow rates through the capillary restrictor, and, in some cases, to steam concentrations which exceeded the capacity of the membrane dryer. Nevertheless, sufficient data was collected to confirm that large fractions of the sulfur in FeS could be liberated in elemental form. Low regeneration temperature ({approximately}600{degrees}C), large steam-to-oxygen ratios, and low space velocities were found to favor elemental sulfur production.

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Catalytic conversion of light alkanes: Quarterly report, January 1-March 31, 1992

The first Quarterly Report of 1992 on the Catalytic Conversion of Light Alkanes reviews the work done between January 1. 1992 and March 31, 1992 on the Cooperative Agreement. The mission of this work is to devise a new catalyst which can be used in a simple economic process to convert the light alkanes in natural gas to oxygenate products which can either be used as clean-burning, high octane liquid fuels, as fuel components or as precursors to liquid hydrocarbon transportation fuel. During the past quarter we have continued to design, prepare, characterize and test novel catalysts for the mild selective reaction of light hydrocarbons with air or oxygen to produce alcohols directly. These catalysts are designed to form active metal oxo (MO) species and to be uniquely active for the homolytic cleavage of the carbon-hydrogen bonds in light alkanes producing intermediates which can form alcohols. We continue to investigate three molecular environments for the active catalytic species that we are trying to generate: electron-deficient porphryinic macrocycles (PHASE I), polyoxometallates (PHASE II), and regular oxidic lattices including zeolites and related structures as well as other molecular surface structures having metal oxo groups (PHASE III).

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Management of dry flue gas desulfurization by-products in underground mines. Quarterly report, July 1 - September 30, 1996

On September 30, 1996, the U.S. Department of Energy-Morgantown Energy Technology Center and Souther Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC) entered into a cooperative research agreement entitled ``Management of Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization By-Products in Underground Mines``. Under the agreement SIUC will develop and demonstrate two technologies for the placement of coal combustion by-products in abandoned underground coal mines, and will assess the environmental impact of these technologies for the management of coal combustion by-products. The two technologies for the underground placement that will be developed and demonstrated are: (1) pneumatic placement, using virtually dry materials, and (2) hydraulic placement, using a ``paste`` mixture of materials with about 70% solids. Phase II of the overall program began April 1, 1996. The principal objective of Phase II is to develop and fabricate the equipment for both the pneumatic and hydraulic placement technologies, and to conduct a surface demonstration-test of both technologies. During the current quarter the main thrust was to develop the equipment necessary for the program. Shop drawings were completed for the pneumatic placement equipment, and purchase orders issued for many of the component parts. The final pneumatic placement system will be assembled in the SIUC Carterville facility.

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Advanced turbine systems (ATS) program conceptual design and product development. Quarterly report, September 1 - November 30, 1994

Achieving the advanced turbine system goals of 60% efficiency, 8 ppmvd NOx, and 10% electric power cost reduction imposes competing characteristics on the gas turbine system: the turbine inlet temperature must increase, although this will lead to increased NOx emission. Improved coating and materials along with creative combustor design can result in solutions. The program is focused on two specific products: a 70 MW class industrial gas turbine based on GE90 core technology utilizing an innovative air cooling methodology, and a 200 MW class utility gas turbine based on an advanced GE heavy duty machines utilizing advanced cooling and enhancement in component efficiency. This report reports on tasks 3-8 for the industrial ATS and the utility ATS. Some impingement heat transfer results are given.

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Tampa Electric Company IGCC Project. Quarterly report, April 1 - June 30, 1996

Tampa Electric Company continued efforts to complete construction and start-up of the Polk Power Station, Unit {number_sign}1 which will use Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) technology for power generation. From an overall standpoint, the Project continues to track well. The completion of construction system turnovers to Start-up is encouraging. Start-up will accept responsibility of the plant until turnover to operations. The major focus continues to be on the production of first Syngas, scheduled for July 17. All construction, engineering, and start-up activities are in support of Syngas production. Key activities toward this goal include final checkout and startup of remaining gasification systems, completion of punch list items required for first syngas, finalization of operating procedures, preparation of site and area access control plans, site- wide safety training, and other Process Safety management (PSM) requirements.

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Tampa Electric Company - DOE IGCC project. Quarterly report, July 1 - September 30, 1996

The third quarter of 1996 has resulted in the completion of over five (5) years of extensive project development, design, construction and start-up of the 250 MW Polk Power Station Unit {number_sign}1 IGCC Project. the combined cycle performance test was completed on June 18, 1996. This test demonstrated that on distillate fuel, the combined cycle achieved a net output of 222,299 KW with a net heat rate of 6,868 BTU/KW. This is about 3.86% and 2.76% better than the guaranteed values of 214,040 KW and 7,063 BTU/KW respectively. During the third quarter of 1996, the combustion turbine was run on syngas two (2) different times for a combined total of about seven hours. Attachment {number_sign}4 shows graphically the transfer from oil to syngas. Emission levels were generally acceptable even though no specific emissions tuning was completed by GE and the emissions monitoring equipment was not yet completely operational.

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Disposal of fluidized-bed combustion ash in an underground mine to control acid mine drainage and subsidence

During Phase I (first 18 months) the project is segregated into four areas of reporting: (A) Grout Formulation, (B) Grout Characterization, (C) Water Quality Monitoring, (D) Subsidence Control & Contaminant Transport. The first component involves formulating a grout mixture with appropriate flowability to be used in filling complex mine voids. The Grout Characterization component will determine the flow characteristics of the formulated grout. The Water Quality component involves background monitoring of water quality and precipitation at the Phase III (Longridge) mine site. The last component involves evaluating the strength requirements and the migration of contaminants through the candidate grouts. This report separately discusses progress on all components of the program in order of project subtask.

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Naturally fractured tight gas reservoir detection optimization. Quarterly report, January 1 - March 31, 1996

The objective is to determine methods for detection and mapping of naturally fractured systems for economic production of natural gas from fractured reservoirs. This report contains: 3D P-wave alternate processing; down hole 3C geophone analysis; fracture pattern analysis of the Fort Union and Wind River Basin; 3D-3C seismic processing; and technology transfer.

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Bench-scale demonstration of hot-gas desulfurization technology. Quarterly report, July 1 - September 30, 1995

The goal of this project is to continue further development of the zinc titanate desulfurization and Direct Sulfur Recovery (DSRP) technologies by: scaling up the zinc titanate reactor system; developing an integrated skid-mounted zinc titanate desulfurization-DSRP reactor system; testing the integrated system over an extended period with real coal-gas from an operating gasifier to quantify the degradative effect, if any, of the trace contaminants present in coal gas; developing an engineering database suitable for system scaleup; and designing, fabricating and commissioning a larger DSRP reactor system capable of operating on a six-fold greater volume of gas than the DSRP reactor used in the bench-scale field test. This report discusses the field testing of the Zinc Titanate Fluid Bed Desulfurization/DSRP at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center.

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