AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Western gas sands project status report

The Western Gas Sands Project Plan, Project Implementation Plans and Project Plan Document FY 78 are in various stages of preparation. Several related studies are being conducted. Resource assessment activities reported consist of those conducted by U.S.G.S. in Denver and the outcrop study of the eastern Uinta Basin conducted by CK Geoenergy Corporation. Information gathering by U.S.G.S. of the initial data base for many of the project activities is nearing completion. Some base maps are complete and field investigations in the principal areas of interest are being conducted. Laboratory R and D activities funded by ERDA have been directed toward new tools and instrumentation systems, rock mechanics experiments, mathematical modeling and data analysis. These activities have primarily been performed by the national laboratories, U.S.G.S. and ERDA's Energy Research Centers. Many items are arbitrarily reported in this category and in the section devoted to the laboratories and Energy Research Centers even though they require considerable field experimentation. The positive results of system development and data analysis techniques by Sandia and U.S.G.S.-Menlo Park in determining fracture orientation have been very encouraging. The Field R and D section primarily reports on joint government/industry experiments. The Uinta Basin in Utah and Piceance Basin in Colorado have had seven massive hydraulic fracture (MHF) experiments in the Upper Cretaceous tight gas formations. There are: Austral Oil Company, Federal 3-94; CER Corporation, MHF-3; Gas Producing Enterprises, Natural Buttes No. 14, 18, 19, 20; Mobil Oil, F-31-13G; Pacific Transmission, Sand Ridge II Federal No. 23-25; Rio Blanco Natural Gas, 498-4-1; and Texas American Oil and Western Oil Shale, No. 1 Home Federal.

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A 32-month gasifier mechanistic study and downstream unit process development program for the pressurized ash-agglomerating fluidized bed gasification system: Quarterly report, January 1-March 31, 1985

Work is underway at KRW Energy Systems to develop operating experience and process performance information for a pressurized fluidized-bed agglomerating-ash coal gasification system. The KRW Process Development Unit at Waltz Mill, PA, will be operated from 1985 through 1987 to test (1) an in-bed desulfurization and alkali removal system, and (2) an external hot gas zinc ferrite desulfurization system, and (3) an integrated in-bed/external-bed system to provide for collection and analysis of mechanistic process data. An exploratory test(TP-036-1) was conducted in December 1984 on the newly installed in-bed desulfurization system. Five set points were completed, including an initial air-blown baseline set point without dolomite and four in the dolomite, desulfurization mode. An evaluation of spent reactivity decreased rapidly as the utilization during TP-036-1 indicated that sorbent reactivity decreased rapidly as the utilization of the sorbent approached 60%. 31 figs., 18 tabs.

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Steam conditioning of coal for snyfuels productions: Third quarterly report, July 1-September 30, 1987

Conditioning of coal in steam is being explored for the purpose of improving the yield and quality of condensable product obtainable in the mild gasification of coal. Yields of volatiles released during both steam and helium conditioning were determined for Illinois No. 6 coal and Mississippi lignite using weight loss measurements. Previously reported extraction yields for Illinois No. 6 coal were recalculated using the new data. A surprising new conditioning regime of considerable potential importance has been (tentatively) discovered for Illinois No. 6 coal at atmospheric pressure and temperatures between 518 and 644/degree/F (270 and 340/degree/C). Mild gasification of Illinois No. 6 coal was studied at 750 psia in the semicontinuous reactor system. The high liquid yields previously obtained after steam conditioning with this reactor operated in the injection mode are not now being realized with this reactor operating in the semicontinuous mode. The recovery and analytical methods were reexamined and the total recovery improved, from 90 wt % or less, to 92 to 96 wt %. A series of runs made using the same amount of coal as that fed in the injection mode did not give the improved yields. The possibility that helium flowing through the feed tube prevents access of steam to the reacting coal will be examined. Substantial progress has been made on the construction of the fluidized bed mild gasification test facility.

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Rapid pyrolysis with steam stabilization: Final report

This report describes the experimental and theoretical results of a study of rapid coal pyrolysis with steam stabilization. Avco's moderately large scale facility approaching process realism was used. The overall thrust of the effort involved modification of the facility to obtain systematic definitive global kinetics data. A technology involving a supersonic-nozzle quench section, wet cyclone and slurry handling system was developed for carbon balance closure. Extensive intrusive diagnostics were used to study process related effects of coal rank, coal loading, and pyrolysis inlet gas temperature on coal conversion, exit gas temperature and exit gas composition. Experiments were conducted for Zap mine (lignite), Montana Rosebud (sub-bituminous), Pittsburgh number8 (bituminous) and Illinois number6 (bituminous). Under otherwise similar conditions, the low rank coals (lignite and sub-bituminous) indicated higher coal carbon conversation than the high rank (bituminous) coals. Systems analysis of a process to produce methanol via synthesis gas showed a 6 percent improvement in the efficiency for a process using two-stage gasification with rapid pyrolysis over that of available processes that use single stage gasification. An oxygen demand reduction of 10 to 15 percent was also projected when compared to currently available technology. An even greater reduction (20 to 25 percent) in oxygen demand was projected for the two-stage process when using advanced heat exchangers which will deliver steam at 2000/degree/F or higher. 33 refs., 55 figs., 16 tabs.

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Low-rank coal research. Quarterly technical progress report, January-March 1986

The Quarterly Technical Progress Report for the University of North Dakota Energy Research Center includes work on gasification waste water treatment and reuse, hydrogen production, coal/water slurry preparation, low rank coal liquefaction, SO/sub x//NO/sub x/ air pollution control, particulate characterization, waste characterization, fine coal cleaning, combustor research and ash fouling, fluidized-coal combustion, fuel slurry combustion, ash and slag characterization, organic structure, distribution of inorganics, physical properties, moisture, supercritical gas extraction, pyrolysis and devolatilization. (LTN)

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ASPEN simulation of environmental control processes, Task 1

P.S. Lowell and Co., Inc. (Lowell and Co.) and Jay S. Dweck, Consultant, Inc. (JSD) under contract to the US Department of Energy (DOE) Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) have developed and implemented an aqueous electrolyte calculation capability into the ASPEN (Advanced System for Process Engineering) process simulator. This report documents the efforts of Task 1 which were to implement the basic calculational capability. Task 2 involves development of several unit operations models and demonstration of the models in simulating environmental control processes in coal gasification and shale oil processing plants. Task 1 of the project involved several subtasks: selection of a chemical equilibrium algorithm; selection of activity coefficient algorithms; selection of species for inclusion in the initial implementation; collection of required data for the selected species; regression of parameters not found in the data collection effort; and installation of the chosen algorithms and user interfaces into the ASPEN system. The first task of this project has resulted in an extremely user-friendly, versatile electrolyte calculation system for the ASPEN process simulator. A large body of data has been collected and entered into ASPEN unary (ELECPP1) and binary (ELECPP2) databanks. Nearly 200 components have been included in the databanks. The ASPEN Intelligent Electrolyte Calculation System requires minimal input by the user. The user is required only to enter major species. ASPEN then retrieves additional components from databanks, of which the user may not be aware, but which could be extremely important to the simulation. Most components have complete fundamental data in the databanks. 133 refs., 29 figs., 37 tabs.

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A novel geotechnical/geostatistical approach for exploration and production of natural gas from multiple geologic strata, Phase 1

This research program has been designed to develop and verify a unique geostatistical approach for finding natural gas resources. The research has been conducted by Beckley College, Inc. (Beckley) and BDM Engineering Services Company (BDMESC) under contract to the US Department of Energy (DOE), Morgantown Energy Technology Center. Phase 1 of the project consisted of compiling and analyzing relevant geological and gas production information in selected areas of Raleigh County, West Virginia, ultimately narrowed to the Eccles, West Virginia, 7 {1/2} minute Quadrangle. The Phase 1 analysis identified key parameters contributing to the accumulation and production of natural gas in Raleigh County, developed analog models relating geological factors to gas production, and identified specific sites to test and verify the analysis methodologies by drilling. Based on the Phase 1 analysis, five sites have been identified with high potential for economic gas production. Phase 2 will consist of drilling, completing, and producing one or more wells at the sites identified in the Phase 1 analyses. The initial well is schedules to the drilled in April 1991. This report summarizes the results of the Phase 1 investigations. For clarity, the report has been prepared in two volumes. Volume 1 presents the Phase 1 overview; Volume 2 contains the detailed geological and production information collected and analyzed for this study.

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Peat resource estimation in Michigan. Technical status report No. 6, June 16-September 15, 1982

Sampling is complete in the Upper Peninsula. A field crew is sampling in the Lower Peninsula, and will finish their work by mid-November. Ninety-eight samples from 1981 were analyzed by the DOE. A total of 575 samples collected in 1982 have been characterized at MTU. Depth data for two counties is presented using the multistage summation technique. This method is reducing the variability of depth estimates, as predicted. Our preliminary data for the Upper Peninsula suggest that most peat materials meet the ash criterion, while the calorific value varies between provinces. Some materials are well in excess of 8000 Btu/H/sub 2/O free lb., while calorific values for other materials fall on either side of this cutoff value. Further analyses are needed to determine whether this observation is attributable to province differences or to differences in laboratory analyses. To date, most counties sampled are generally shallow, often less than 4 feet deep but our multistage procedure, when considered at the township level of stratification, does indicate that some potential fuel-grade peat deposits exist. Future work will focus on the inventory in the Lower Peninsula, and on preparation of the final report, to be submitted by June 30, 1983. 2 tabs.

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Low-pressure-drop fluidized-bed distributor

The compressor power required to maintain fluidization is one of the high cost factors in the application of fluidized bed combustors. Good uniform fluidization can be obtained if the distributor air injector tubes are so small that they cause a pressure drop of at least 20% and better if 40% of the pressure drop in the bed. By designing the distributor air injector tubes with a crossflow at their inlets it has been demonstrated that uniform fluidization can be obtained with a distributor pressure drop of only 10% of that in the bed. The pressure wave caused by the collapsing bubble above the distributor travels upstream in the tubes and gets blown away by the crossflow at its inlets. This reduces the distributor local flow rate fluctuations and in turn minimizes the bed instability and flow nonuniformity. The stabilizing effect of the crossflow was experimentally verified by operating two nearly identical cold fluidized beds side by side, one with and the other without crossflow at the tube inlets. The performance difference between the two beds was significantly reduced when caps were added to the tube outlets to prevent weeping bed material into the distributor plenum. One disadvantage of the reduced turbulence in the jets emerging from the injector tubes is the thickening of the stagnant zone of the bed. An experiment with a nonuniform bed geometry shows that such a technique can improve circulation and reduce the thickness of the stagnant zone.

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Peat resource estimation in Michigan. Technical status report No. 8, December 16, 1982-March 15, 1983

Project team accomplishments during the quarterly reporting period are presented. These include developing estimates of peat volume averages and variances for all counties sampled during 1981 and 1982 as part of the multiple stratification sampling scheme implemented beginning in March of 1982. These estimates are for the entire resource, rather than that amount over four feet in depth. These latter volumes will be substantially less for all counties. Lower Peninsula peat acreage estimates have been refined further by tabulating acreages of organic soil delineations shown on photo base soil surveys that meet the DOE minimum size of 80 acres per section. This information is of value to anyone interested in further study of these areas. Estimates of peat volumes are presented for all sampled counties. These values will be considerably lower when the portion less than four feet in depth is eliminated. Work is continuing on our estimate of the peat resources in the Lower Peninsula. All samples from the Upper Peninsula have been analyzed, and classified as fibric, hemic, or sapric. Hemic materials are the most common, followed closely by sapric materials. Fibric materials are rare in these deposits. Ash contents and bulk densities are presented for those provinces sampled in 1982. 1 ref., 6 figs., 1 tab.

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Study of research areas in FBC sorption, attrition, and air distribution

Jaycor engaged in a survey project for ERDA's Morgantown Energy Research Center to ''obtain and organize information on current programs, experimental techniques, and unresolved problems''in research on sorption, attrition, and distribution in fluidized bed combustors, and to make recommendations for a program of research appropriate to the Morgantown Energy Research Center's Atmospheric FBC facilities. The central purpose of this survey was not so much to make a comprehensive review of FBC research activity, as to seek out and ''highlight''areas in which MERC personnel and facilities can make unique and significant contributions. In this regard, the development, testing and utilization of in-bed instrumentation for cold- and hot-flow FBC systems grew to be a unifying theme. It is an activity which most of the organizations contacted felt would benefit their programs, but which only a few were undertaking. The technology now appears capable of supporting such an effort, so in-bed instrumentation may be ''an idea whose time has come.''The internal variables of interest include temperature, pressure, gas velocities, particle velocities, local voidage, gas composition, particle composition and size distribution, as well as corrosion-erosion rates and heat transfer coefficients.

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Identification of cross-formation flow in multireservoir systems using isotopic techniques

This study was designed to add quantitative solutions to the problem of undesirable hydraulic communication which results in active fluid flow between productive horizons. Transfer of novel geochemical methods, based on effective, economic, and environmentally acceptable isotopic techniques for identification of leaking hydrocarbon reservoirs, is a major objective of this study. The effectiveness of a continuous trap's seal depends on an equilibrium between the capillary forces holding formation water in pore spaces of the seal and the buoyancy forces of the oil and gas column in a system. Therefore, some seals may leak selectively at changing pressure and temperature conditions with respect to different fluid phases (oil, gas, and water). A break in continuity of confining layers will promote relatively fast interreservoir migration of fluids. It may intensify in reservoirs subjected to high pressures during implementation of secondary and tertiary processes of recovery. Such fluid flow should result in identifiable chemical, isotopic, and often thermal anomalies in the area of an open flow path. Quantitative hydrodynamic reservoir modeling based on geochemical/isotopic and other evidence of fluid migration in a system require, however, more systematic methodological study. Such a study is being recommended in addition to a field demonstration of the method in a selected oil/gas reservoir where geochemical and production anomalies have been documented. 62 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

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Enhanced durability and reactivity for zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent

The sulfidation and regeneration kinetics of approximately 35 formulations of zinc ferrite sorbent supplied by AMAX were tested in a single pellet electrobalance reactor. A typical 1-1/2-cycle test consisted of first-cycle reduction, first-cycle sulfidation, first-cycle regeneration, second-cycle reduction, and second-cycle sulfidation. Standard sulfidation conditions were chosen to be 1022{degree}F (550{degree}C) using a simulated coal-gas composition containing 2.7 volume percent H{sub 2}S. Standard regeneration conditions chosen were 1202{degree}F (700{degree}C) in a gas composed of 4 percent O{sub 2}, 66 percent N{sub 2}, and 30 percent H{sub 2}O (all volume percent). The reduction portion of the cycle was carried out at 1022{degree}F (550{degree}C) using the H{sub 2}S-free sulfidation gas. In addition to the single pellet tests conducted at standard conditions, selected formulations were tested using lower regeneration temperatures of 1202 and 1112{degree}F. Formulation variables considered in preparing the zinc ferrite sorbents included: ZnO-to-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} stoichiometric ratio; Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} grade; binder; shape; and induration conditions.

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Tar removal in a hot gas desulfurization process. Topical report, October 1984-June 30, 1985

Results of studies during the first nine months of a project sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE), Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC), are reported. The primary objective of these studies is to develop a catalyst which will convert sulfur in coal tars to a form (such as H/sub 2/S) which can be removed by a hot gas desulfurization process being developed by DOE/METC and will also convert the tars to compounds that cannot crack and deposit coke on the electrodes of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). The system for tar destruction will operate in conjunction with the desulfurization process. Results of a literature search and initial catalyst screening tests are presented. Nine different catalysts were selected and tested in the completed screening tests. The effects of temperature, pressure, and residence time on tar conversion were also evaluated. A low-sodium type Y-zeolite and catalysts made by impregnating CoMo, NiMo, and Pt on this zeolite were superior to other catalysts tested. In four hour screening tests, average tar conversions with these catalysts for two different tar samples ranged from 60 to 80% based on total tar. Sulfur conversion ranged from 80 to 90%. All catalysts lost activity with time. Tar conversion with the Y-zeolite catalysts decreased from about 90% in the first hour to about 50% after 4 hours. The effects of temperature, pressure, and residence (contact) time on catalyst activity are discussed. 28 refs., 7 figs., 13 tabs.

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Geological evolution and analysis of confirmed or suspected gas hydrate localities. Volume 5. Gas hydrates in the Russian literature. [271 references]

This document is Volume V of a series of reports entitled ''Geological Evolution and Analysis of Confirmed or Suspected Gas Hydrate Localities.''Volume V is an analysis of ''Gas Hydrates in the Russian Literature.''This report presents an assessment of gas hydrate research as documented in Russian literature. It presents material that includes regional and local settings, geological history, stratigraphy, and physical properties. It provides some necessary regional and geological background of major hydrate occurrences in Russia. This report provides a better understanding of the gas hydrate phenomena in Russia and gives a detailed account of gas production history from a gas hydrate field in Siberia. It provides an important assessment of the understanding of gas hydrate deposition and production. 271 refs., 51 figs., 19 tabs.

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Department of Energy's Western Gas Sands Project multi-well experiment update

The Department of Energy has initiated a Multi-well Experiment with the objectives: (1) characterization of low permeability, lenticular gas sands and (2) evaluation of state-of-the-art and developing technology for their production. The location is in the Rulison Field in the Piceance Basin, Garfield County, Colorado where the lenticular Mesaverde sequence and the underlying blanket Corcoran-Cozzette are the formations of interest and lie at depths between 4000 and 8600 ft. This paper is a survey of the findings to date. It includes a discussion of a study of the most relative outcrops; the drilling program; core analysis; and well-to-well correlation of the geology. Two wells have been drilled, the first was continuously cored through the Mesaverde section from 4310 to 6820 ft. In the second well, 950 ft of core was taken, which includes all the zones of interest for stimulation experiments. Significant overpressuring was encountered and a large number of fractures were observed in the core, some open up to 3/4-inch width with partial mineralization. Preliminary indications are that natural fractures may play a much larger role in gas production from the low permeability lenticular sand than had previously been thought.

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