AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Coal gasification reactions with on-line in-situ FT-IR analysis. Thirteenth quarterly report, September 3-December 3, 1984

During the thirteenth quarter, the main thrust was determination of coal pyrolysis kinetics in the heated tube reactor. This involved measurement of particle temperatures using FT-IR transmission and emission spectroscopy, and developing a heat transfer model to predict the results. Once the particle temperature could be accurately measured and predicted, adjustments were made in the pyrolysis rate constants for individual species to match the observed evolution data. The possible reasons for the discrepancies between our kinetic data and those of other investigators were examined. The results suggest a reinterpretation of heated grid and entrained flow reactor data which have given much lower rates at comparable temperatures. Much of the kinetic data and analysis was summarized in papers submitted to the ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry (Spring, 1985 meeting) and to the Journal of Fuel. Construction was completed on the high pressure reactor system and the test phase was begun. A patent application was filed for the temperature and species concentration measurement techniques involving FT-IR transmission and emission spectroscopy. A summary is included as a section of this report. In addition, sulfur measurements were made on chars from the entrained flow reactor system and the heated tube reactor. The preliminary results indicated the presence of tightly bound organic sulfur. 31 refs., 23 figs., 2 tabs.

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Entrained-flow gasification at elevated pressure. Quarterly technical progress report No. 4, 1 December 1985-28 February 1986

The three main tasks of this study are: (1) entrained coal gasification measurements, which include elevated pressure tests of four coal types, investigation of injector design, cold-flow measurements in simulated gasifier flows, and investigation of advanced optical diagnostic techniques that would be applied to gasification measurements; (2) improvement of the computer code for gasification processes, including improvement of physical submodels and numerical methods, and comparison of model predictions with experimental results for code validation; and (3) application of results to industrial and METC needs through technical seminars, expansion of a detailed data book, and distribution of the code to other users, especially METC. The mechanical installation of the gasifier into the new Combustion and Reactions Laboratory Building was completed, and two successful gasification experiments with Utah bituminous coal at atmospheric pressure were made. The PCGC-2 code was used to determine optimum operating conditions (based on maximum cold gas efficiency) for the existing baseline BYU injector design. The cold flow test program for simulated-gasifier operation has been completed. The evaluation of the current turbulent particle dispersion model was nearly concluded during the quarter. This model will form a benchmark with which to compare other turbulent particle dispersion models. Work on the coal devolatilization model and on coal oxidation was continued during the quarter. 34 refs., 13 figs.

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Design, construction, operation, and evaluation of a prototype culm combustion boiler/heater unit. Quarterly technical progress report, October 1-December 21, 1981

This report provides a summary of the work performed on the Prototype Culm Combustion Boiler/Heater Unit, Phase I - Engineering Design and Analysis, Phase II - Prototype Plant Construction and Phase III - Start-Up and Operation during the period October 1, 1981 through December 31, 1981. The objectives of the program as well as the technical progress and problem areas encountered during the reporting period are presented. Seven shakedown tests were run. Start-up and shakedown testing was completed. Four parametric tests were run. Performance data are presented with the exception of boiler efficiency which will be reported once chemical analyses are completed. Total boiler operation time through the end of this quarter - 1225 h, 50 min; operating time on culm and culm/limestone - 682 h, 43 min. Inspection revealed no problems with boiler tube wear. Sulfur capture greater than 94% was demonstrated (design is 88%). A turndown of better than 4 to 1 was shown (design is 2.5 to 1). Computer control of most of the loops has been successful and manual control was also demonstrated.

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Development of improved-mobility control agents for surfactant/polymer flooding. Final report

During the first year, the initial phase of the project included a literature survey of surfactant/polymer flooding, a summary of the current status of DOE-sponsored polymer and surfactant/polymer field projects, and a survey of oil industry personnel regarding difficulties encountered in the use of commercially available polymers. Major problems in the use of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides were identified. Purpose of Phase 1 was to delineate the strengths and weaknesses of commercial polymers. Laboratory tests in the second phase then were designed to measure and compare the factors considered to be of greatest importance. During the second year of the project, the Phase 2 baseline screening tests were completed, and Phase 3 work commenced on the synthesis, characterization, and preliminary screening of new or modified polymers. During the final year of the project, the preliminary screening tests were completed and polymers of interest were evaluated in more detail. This final report contains highlights of the significant accomplishments of the project and presents our conclusions regarding the development of improved mobility control agents. The work has shown that moderate changes in the basic structure of acrylamide polymers can produce significant effects on performance in oil recovery applications. Better viscosity retention in brine can be obtained by stiffening the polymer chain of acrylamide-type materials. Enhanced shear stability can be attained by increasing the polymer hydrophilicity.

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Abandoned oil fields in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and New Mexico

Data were obtained from the Petroleum Data System at the University of Oklahoma and validated by visits to the following state agencies: Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission; Louisiana Office of Conservation; Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board; and New Mexico Oil and Gas Conservation Division. For this report, abandoned oil fields are defined as those fields listed by state agencies as officially abandoned and that produced at least 10,000 barrels of oil.

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CO/sub 2/ formation damage study. Quarterly report, January 1-March 31, 1982

The objective of this contract is to assess the possibility of formation damage due to CO/sub 2/ injection processes and seek ways to avoid or minimize this problem. The study will determine the types of chemical and physical changes that can occur in carbonate or other reservoirs because of injected CO/sub 2/ and/or its chemical additives and the possible effects on oil recovery due to those changes. Progress achieved during the quarter ending March 31, 1982 is summarized.

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Thermoeconomic design optimization of a KRW-based IGCC power plant

This report discussed the cost and efficiency optimization of an integrated gasification-combined-cycle (IGCC) power plant design and the effects of important design options and parameters. Advanced thermoeconomic techniques were used to evaluate and optimize a given IGCC concept which uses Illinois No. 6 bituminous coal, air-blown KRW coal gasifiers, a hot gas cleanup system, and GE MS7001F gas turbines. Three optimal design concepts are presented and discussed in the report. Two of the concepts are characterized by minimum cost of electricity at two different values of the steam high pressure. The third concept represents the thermodynamic optimum. This study identified several differences between the original design and the design of the optimized cases. Compared with the original concept, significant annual savings are achieved in the cost optimal cases. Comparisons were made between results obtained using both the old and the new performance data for the MS7001F gas turbine. This report discusses the effects of gasification temperature, steam high pressure, coal moisture, and various design options on the overall plant efficiency and cost of electricity. Cost sensitivity studies were conducted and recommendations for future studies were made.

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Coal processing for fuel cell utilization:  task IX one-dimensional (streamtube) model for entrained-flow gasifier analysis

A model has been developed to describe the phenomena which occur in entrained flow gasifiers similar to the METC G3 gasifier. This model is a one-dimensional stream tube (plug flow) approximation, and includes finite rate pyrolysis and homogeneous and heterogeneous chemistry. The model also includes radiative and conductive heat transfer, and has the capability of including a distribution of particle sizes. The results of limited calculations with the model are in general agreement with the experimental results, and indicate that finite rate gas phase chemistry and the presence of smaller particles play a significant role in determining the location of the flame within the gasifier. The finite rate gas phase chemistry produces an ignition delay which, if not accounted for would lead to a conclusion that smaller particles do not play a significant role in the gasifier stability. These smaller particles absorb the radiation from the walls of the gasifier and downstream flame front and thus heat and pyrolyze rapidly. These pyrolysis products then ignite and generate the flame front. Further work is necessary to improve the model to include interactions between particles of different sizes. This work should include computations with particle size distributions wide enough so that the effects of the larger particles on carbon conversion can be assessed. Calculations should then be performed for the range of operating parameters of the METC G3 gasifier for validation.

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Survey of valve industry capability to furnish 6''valves for coal conversion processes

The Morgantown Energy Research Center is proceeding with a program to test and evaluate valves for lockhopper applications in coal conversion processes. The valves shall be of existing state-of-the-art designs or modifications and improvements to such valve designs that can be rapidly implemented. The objective of the MERC State-of-the-Art (SOA) Valve Testing and Development program is to identify readily available valves for lockhopper service in coal conversion processes that can provide reliable service under the severe service conditions of the pilot and early demonstration coal gasification and liquefaction plants. The detailed objectives of the MERC State-of-the-Art Program are: (1) Evaluate the capability of existing off the shelf or slightly modified valves to meet the various lockhopper applications. (2) Generate valve life cycle and failure mode information to aid in establishing repair and maintenance requirements. (3) Generate data for valve design improvements based on experimental testing. The State-of-the-Art Program has conducted a survey to determine vendor capability of supplying valves for use in coal conversion processes. Replies were received from thirty-four vendors of the valve manufacturing and supply industry. The valves offered by the manufacturers or representatives are described with diagrams and specifications. Based on evaluation of these offerings certain valves are recommended for purchase and testing.

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A novel geotechnical/geostatistical approach for exploration and production of natural gas from multiple geologic strata, Phase 1

This research program has been designed to develop and verify a unique geostatistical approach for finding natural gas resources. The project has been conducted by Beckley College, Inc., and BDM Engineering Services Company (BDMESC) under contract to the US Department of Energy (DOE), Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC). This section, Volume II, contains a detailed discussion of the methodology used and the geological and production information collected and analyzed for this study. A companion document, Volume 1, provides an overview of the program, technique and results of the study. In combination, Volumes I and II cover the completion of the research undertaken under Phase I of this DOE project, which included the identification of five high-potential sites for natural gas production on the Eccles Quadrangle, Raleigh County, West Virginia. Each of these sites was selected for its excellent potential for gas production from both relatively shallow coalbeds and the deeper, conventional reservoir formations.

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Western Gas Sands Project status report, 1 February-29 February 1980

This edition of the WGSP Status Report summarizes the progress during February 1980, of the government-sponsored projects directed toward increasing gas production from low-permeability gas sands of the western United States. The National Laboratories and Energy Technology Centers continued research and experiments toward enhanced gas recovery. The field test and demonstration program continued with various projects, including test data collection by the DOE Well Test Facility at CIG's Miller No. 1 site.

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Application guidelines for the multiple-orifice flowmeter:  a wide-range, economical, fluid-flow measurement concept

The need to measure gas flow over a wide range of flow rates accurately and economically occurs in a variety of commercial and research situations. One such application is that of the State-of-the-Art and Prototype Lockhopper Valve-Testing and Development Projects at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) of the US Department of Energy. These projects evaluate valves being developed for use in coal-conversion pilot plants by subjecting them to a variety of simulated process conditions and measuring their leakage rates. Initial leakage tests indicated that a wide range of leakage rates could occur, ranging from 0.06 standard cubic feet per minute (scfm) to as high as 80 scfm at pressures ranging from 100 to 1600 psig. This required a flow-rate measuring technique with a wide-range capability and an accuracy approaching 1 percent of full scale. To meet this requirement, METC developed a unique flow-measurement concept that utilizes a multiple-orifice system with a single differential pressure transmitter. This report describes the development of this concept, design procedure, and application, as well as the calibration and operation of the device. This report shows that the multiple orifice flowmeter can perform comparably to conventional single-orifice flowmeters in terms of accuracy while allowing several orders of magnitude improvement in flow range.

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Peat resource estimation in Michigan. Technical status report No. 4, December 15, 1981-March 15, 1982

This technical status report documents the participation of Michigan Technological University with the Michigan Energy and Resource Research Association (MERRA) in the United States Department of Energy Peat Resource Estimation Project. This report covers the following areas: our first approximation of the peat acreages in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and methods used to arrive at this figure; the documentation of the sampling methodology used in our study of the peat resources of the Upper Peninsula; a summary of the work accomplished during the 1981 field season; our best estimates of the overall mass and energy potential of the peat in the state as a whole; and the work plan for the duration of the project. Davis and Lucas (1) present a tabulation of the acreages of organic soils for each county in the State of Michigan. This is the origin of the figure of 4.5 million acres reported by the DOE in the Peat Prospectus (2), as the total statewide peat resource. This estimate was derived from the soil surveys for each county available at that date, many of which have been replaced by more recent surveys. The first step in estimating the Lower Peninsula resource was to update this tabulation. 7 refs., 9 figs., 8 tabs.

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Study of sonic, neutron, and density logging of low-permeability gas sands. Final report

Gas accumulations in Lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous formations are the object of widespread exploration in the Tight Western Gas Sands. The complex lithology of these formations has hindered the usefulness of the sonic, density, and neutron logs. Current log evaluation practices assume a matrix density of 2.68 gm/cc and a matrix travel-time of 52.6 microseconds/ft. The neutron log is calibrated for a sandstone matrix. Conventional analysis yields inconsistent and often contradictory results. Core and petrographic studies have been made on samples from Lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous formations in the Uinta Basin. Results indicated that a carbonate cement has filled much of the original porosity and altered the matrix density. Lower porosity samples tend to be heavily cemented and have matrix densities that approach, and even exceed, 2.68 gm/cc. Higher porosity samples tend to be lightly cemented and have matrix densities that approach 2.65 gm/cc. Log analyses in the Uinta Basin, supplemented by core data, reveal that the higher porosity samples have matrix travel-times that approach 55.6 microseconds/ft. The presence of the carbonate cement does not decrease the matrix travel-times as expected. Laboratory measured matrix travel-times substantiate these conclusions. Log analyses also indicate the neutron log, when calibrated for a sandstone matrix, will not accurately evaluate the higher porosity, non-shaly sandstones. Core and log analyses have been made on samples from the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde formation in the Greater Green River Basin. The resulting pressure and temperature difference caused the physical properties of the Mesaverde to vary widely within the Greater Green River Basin. Matrix density and matrix travel-time for the Mesaverde are very different for the two wells. Neutron log response also varies considerably.

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Coal gasification reactions with on-line in-situ FT-IR analysis. Fourteenth quarterly report, December 3, 1984-March 3, 1984

During the fourteenth quarter, the particle temperature model was modified to include the effects of latent heats and heats of reaction. This was done by coupling the particle temperature model with a simplified (3 rates) kinetic model to predict the volatile evolution and char composition during pyrolysis. Several material balance runs were done with Illinois No. 6 coal in the heated tube reactor using helium as the carrier. The results obtained for weight loss and individual product yields were consistent with the high kinetic rates observed with the North Dakota lignite and Montana Rosebud coals in this same reactor. Additional FT-IR temperature measurement experiments were not done during the past quarter due to some problems reproducing transmission levels from previous experiments. Some desulfurization experiments were done in the tube reactor using Illinois No. 6 coal with helium, carbon dioxide, and/or ethane present. The raw coal contained about 3.3 wt % total sulfur of which 2.4 wt % was organic. With helium present, significantly enhanced desulfurization was obtained when compared to chars prepared from the same coal in the entrained flow reactor. The addition of ethane reduced sulfur levels even further. A total of 24 hot coal tests have been done in the high pressure reactor (HPR), 3 with the North Dakota Lignite and 21 with the Montana Rosebud coal (for our other METC contract). These include experiments at a nominal temperature of 800/sup 0/C, a residence time of about 0.5 s, and pressures ranging up to 225 psig. The reproducibility of product yields and material balances was generally excellent. In addition, an experiment was done at 1150/sup 0/C, 25 psig, and 0.5 s residence time. Operation was again very good. 15 refs., 16 figs., 1 tab.

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Preparation and analyses of low-rank coals for combustion applications. Fifth quarterly report, October 1, 1985-December 31, 1985

This report describes the fifth quarter of activity on an 18-month project to supply the DOE, through the Grand Forks Project office, with micronized beneficiated low-rank coal for tests in a gas-turbine combustor rig. The target fuels will pass 30 micrometers and have low ash and sodium levels. Methods for preparing these fuels are being developed as part of the program and the production cost of the fuel in a conceptual plant will be determined. The program is divided into four tasks: (1) Selection of Coal and Micronized Coal Research in which a suitable low-rank source coal is identified for production of the target fuel and the manufacturing process conditions are defined. (2) Process Development and Bulk Manufacture in which 6000 lb of ''available-quality''micronized LRC and LRC slurry fuel will be prepared from physically cleaned coal. (3) Design and Cost Study in which a conceptual design and cost estimate will be prepared for the commercial production of the fuel with, and without, advanced beneficiation steps. (4) Advanced Beneficiation and Bulk Manufacture in which 6000 lb of ''improved-quality''fuel will be prepared using acid treatment and hydrothermal processing. Two improved-quality micronized LRC fuels are prepared. One was a powder containing 3.04 percent ash and 12069 Btu/lb and the other was a slurry containing 1.53 percent ash and 6845 Btu/lb. Each was an improvement over the comparable fuels produced the previous quarter using conventional coal-cleaning methods. 5 refs., 5 figs., 6 tabs.

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Fundamental combustion studies of low-rank coal slurries. Quarterly technical progress report No. 6, June 1, 1985-August 31, 1985

This contract for fundamental combustion studies of low-rank coal slurries was initiated March 1, 1984. Slurries being studied are primarily those produced from steam-dried lignite coal provided by the Grand Forks Project Office. Contract work includes virgin coal and slurry characterization, slurry spray and atomization measurements. Also included are detailed mapping of combustion products and pollutants for low-rank coal slurries in a laboratory reactor and comparison of results with computer model predictions and with data obtained under similar conditions from combustion of high-rank coal-water mixtures. Progress reports are presented for the following three tasks: (1) slurry characterization; (2) slurry spray characterization; and (3) coal slurry combustion tests. 10 refs., 9 figs.

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Carbon dioxide for the recovery of crude oil:  a literature search to June 30, 1979. Final report

Individual summaries and pertinent commentaries on each of the groups of references into which the literature on carbon dioxide for the recovery of crude oil has been classified are presented in this report. The major classifications are: physical models, laboratory studies, field tests, modeling, patents, and miscellaneous. A special summary that reviews and comments on field operations, fluid handling, and corrosion problems is also included. User's guide and subject categories for the CO/sub 2/ literature survey are given, followed by abstracts of the citations. It is concluded from this survey that the most significant deficiency in research on carbon dioxide flooding for the recovery of crude oil is the paucity of well controlled and interpreted field tests.

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Industrial application of fluidized bed combustion. Progress report, January-September 1983

Work accomplished during a shut-down of the industrial fluidized bed (IFB) plant is reported, including: coal receiving and preparation; fuel feed system work; progress on boiler and gas side equipment. After completion of construction work and acid cleaning, the boiler was restarted. The performance of specific plant equipment during shakedown operation is reported. The performance of specific plant equipment during shakedown operation is reported. Operator training classes were conducted, and the final revision of a test plan was completed. (LEW)

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