AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF RESIDUAL OIL FOR VANADIUM.

Neutron activation analysis is investigated as a nondestructive methods of analyzing large residual oil samples for vanadium content in the 20-2000 ppm. range.  For a flux of 10 6 neutrons/cm2.sec, a 10 min analysis of a 3 g oil sample can yield concentration measurements that are reproducible to within a maximum deviation of 7% for a wide latitude of experimental conditions with no sample preparation.  The adaption of neutron activation analysis herein investigated has several features that make it attractive as a means of on-line process control in petroleum cracking plants.

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A STUDY OF SELECTED IONS IN THE MASS SPECTRA OF BENZENETHIOL AND DEUTERATED BENZENETHIOL

"Partial mass spectra are presented for benzenethiol, C/sub 6/H/sub 5/SH,    and deuterated benzenethiol, C/sub 6/H/sub 5/SD.  The changes in ion intensities    that result from deuterium labeling were studied to determine the structure of    the parent ion before fragmentation.  A seven-membered ring structure for the    parent ion is proposed as precursor for some of the ions studied, whereas the six-   membered ring structure for the parent is proposed as precursor for the other    ions.  Appearance potentials were obtained for several product ions from    deuterated benzenethiol, C/sub 6/H/sub 5/SD, and were used to determine heats of    formation of the ions and establish processes by which they are formed.  The    parent ion is the only intermediate between the molecule, C/sub 6/H/sub 5/SD, and    the product ions at m/e = 34, 45, 46, 67, 77, 84, 85, and 109.  A proposed    process for the formation of each of the ions is discussed.  When ring cleavage    of the parent ion takes place, ring closure in one of the fragments also takes    place.  (auth)"

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POTENTIAL OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVES FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS FROM DEPOSITS OF OIL, NATURAL GAS, OIL SHALE, AND TAR SANDS IN THE UNITED STATES

"One potential peaceful application of nuclear explosives is stimulating the production of liquid or gaseous  hydrocarbons from essentially nonproductive deposits of petroleum, natural gas, oil shale, and tar sands.  Within the United States the appreciable difference between producible proved reserves and ultimate  reserves and resources of hydrocarbon deposits is  of such magnitude that much petroleum, natural gas, shale oil, and bitumen will not be produced unless significant technological progress is made in production techniques. The shattering effect of contained nuclear explosives and, to a lesser extent, the heat produced, have been considered as stimulative forces when the thickness, depth, and nature of such deposits permit  considering the use of nuclear devices. Mechanical production problems would be less in an oil or gas reservoir  than in an oil - shale or tar-sands deposit. Also, tar-sands resources in the United States may not be adequate to warrant serious consideration of applying nuclear-explosives stimulation. Gas reservoirs should present the least - radioactive-contamination problem. The technical feasibility of using nuclear explosives cannot be evaluated  fully at present. Additional information is needed on the effects of pressure, heat, and radioactivity on the solids and fluids of hydrocarbon deposits, the nature and extent of induced fractures in different rock media, and the possibility of isolating and confining or removing radioactive contaminants. Final technical feasibility can only be determined by a field test. If technical feasibility is established, economic feasibility will depend upon the comparative cost of producing hydrocarbons by nuclear explosives and by conventional means. It is probable that an economic comparison would favor nuclear stimulation only where devices of relatively high yield could be used practicably and safely."

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Metal coordination chemistry: removal and recovery of metal compounds from heavy crude and shale oil with multidentate ligands. Annual report, October 1983-October 1984

The removal and recovery of trace-metal compounds in complex matrices, such as heavy crude petroleum's and shale oils, is a basic problem in the general area of fundamental petroleum chemistry. We are developing innovative methods to remove arsenic compounds from shale oil and vanadium and nickel compounds from heavy crude petroleum's. This involves placing ligands onto polymers that will react with the trace metal compounds present in these matrices. As well, studies directed toward the molecular characterization of the trace-metal compounds in the above-mentioned petroleum's allows selective methods to be utilized in the polymer pendant ligand experiments designed to remove these trace-metals.

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Leaching of oil shale solid wastes:  a critical review

The last decade has witnessed an explosion in research on the leaching of solids associated with shale oil production. Federal and state agencies and industry have sponsored millions of dollars in research in this area at private and public institutions. The leaching properties of many samples of raw and spent shale's of widely differing histories have been examined using techniques ranging form simple batch tests, to exhaustive soxhlet extractions, to long-term field studies. This has produced, not surprisingly, a diversity of opinions regarding the composition of leachates and their environmental significance.

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An environmental assessment program for a 13,000 barrel per day oil shale operation

Gibbs & Hill, Inc.'s Environmental Sciences Division is presntly conducting a comprehensive environmental assessment program for a new, major oil shale project in east-central Kentucky. This project, known as the means Oil Shale project, will be located in the oil shale rich Knobs Region, approximately 40 miles east of Lexington and 90 miles southeast of Cincinnati, Ohio. It is being developed by Southern Pacific Petroleum and Central Pacific minerals, Australia based exploration, research and development companies which have specialized in oil shale since 1973. Gibbs & Hills parent company, Dravo Corporation, is supplying the mining, retorting and upgrading technology under a partnership agreement with SPP/CPM.

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Oil shale environmental research and coordination. Progress report, 1979-1982

The purpose of this research program is two-fold: to conduct research on the environmental impacts of an oil shale industry and to develop strategies to mitigate these effects; and to assist the Department of Energy in the field coordination of the oil shale environmental research program. The environmental research program has focused primarily on a comprehensive study of the sources, release mechanisms, transport, fate, and effects of toxic trace substances, principally the trace elements, in an oil shale industry. Separate abstracts have been prepared for individual scientific reports for inclusion in the Energy Data Base. (DMC)

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Oil shale environmental research and coordination. Progress report, 1981-1982

The purpose of this research program is two-fold: to conduct research on the environmental impacts of an oil shale industry and to develop strategies to mitigate these effects: and to assist the U. S. Department of Energy in the field coordination of the oil shale environmental research program. The environmental research program has focused primarily on a comprehensive study of the sources, release mechanisms, transport, fate, and effects of toxic trace substances, principally the trace elements. In an oil shale industry. The study group is a multi-institutional, interdisciplinary team from the University of Colorado. Colorado State University, the Colorado  School of Mines, and the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. Separate abstracts have been prepared for individual reports for inclusion in the Energy Data Base.

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Green River oil shales and products. Their character, processing requirements, and utilization

The possible need within the near future for synthetic liquid fuels to augment the supply from petroleum in the U.S. has revived interest in oil shales as a source of such fuels.  Both industrial and governmental organizations are doing research and development work and oil-shale processes.  This report presents largely the results of research and development work that has been done by the U.S. Bureau of Mines since 1944.  This work has been confined principally to studies of the Green River oil shales of the Rocky Mountain area of the U.S.  The report includes the results of analyses showing the chemical and physical characteristics of the shales, the determination of the heat and other processing requirements for converting the organic matter in these shales to oil, the determination of the composition of shale oils produced by some different retorting processes, the effect of chemical composition on the refining characteristics of these oils, the results of laboratory, and bench-scale retorting and refining operations, and the determination of the quality of the fuels and secondary products as a measure of their suitability as petroleum substitutes.

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Assessment of Long-Term Research Needs for Shale-Oil Recovery (FERWG-III)

The Fossil Energy Research Working Group (FERWG), at the request of E. Frieman (Director, Office of Energy Research) and G. Fumich, Jr. (Assistant Secretary for Fossil Fuels), has reviewed and evaluated the U.S. programs on shale-oil recovery. These studies were performed in order to provide an independent assessment of critical research areas that affect the long-term prospects for shale-oil availability. This report summarizes the findings and research recommendations of FERWG.

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Usable gas from oil shale during retorting:  effects of oxygen content, pressure, and oil shale grade

The Bureau of Mines performed laboratory studies on the effect of system pressure, percentage of injected oxygen, and oil shale grade on the heating value and quanitity of offgas produced during in situ retorting. Equations were developed that satisfactorily describe the system and that show that usable low-Btu gas may be produced in large quantities under field conditions.

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Evaluation of the fire and explosion hazards of oil shale mining and processing. Open file report Jun 77-Sep 78

Oil shales differ from coals in that they contain less carbonaceous material, convertible to volatile hydrocarbons, and more inorganic rock. In all precommercial oil shale development, involving extensive full-scale mining operations, there have been no explosions. However, large-scale mine tests with oil shale dusts by the Bureau of Mines showed that propagating explosions could be induced under certain circumstances. Laboratory tests were conducted on a broad spectrum of oil-shale dusts to define chemical properties and to seek correlations with subsequently determined fire and explosion properties. These latter properties, indicative of safety hazards, increased as the Fischer assay oil yield of the dusts increased and as particle size decreased. Laboratory data were used to relate fire and explosion properties of oil shales to those of coals and other carbonaceous materials and to assist in the identification and evaluation of potential hazardous situations tht may be encountered in oil shale mining and processing.

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Sorption of H/sub 2/S on spent shale in packed beds

This study includes the adsorption of H/sub 2/S on oil shale that had been retorted for two hours at various temperatures ranging from 300 to 1000/sup 0/C. An experimental flow adsorption apparatus was designed and constructed, and breakthrough curves were obtained at 10, 25, and 60/sup 0/C. Gas concentrations of 1000, 2000, 3000, 5000, 7000, and 10,000 ppM H/sub 2/S in dry nitrogen were used. Equilibrium isotherms were calculated from the adsorption data and were modeled by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Polanyi equations. Experimental breakthrough curves were compared with a theoretical model of the flow system and diffusion coefficients were estimated at 10, 25, and 60/sup 0/C for the concentrations 1000, 5000, and10,000 ppM H/sub 2/S in nitrogen.

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Liquid fuels from oil shale. [Description of mining and retorting operations at Rifle, CO]

The distillation of "an oyle from some kind of stone" was described in a British patent in 1694. The reference is presumably to shale and is believed to be the first recorded interest in the subject. Even earlier, in the middle of the 14th century, the term "petroleum" was used in England in referring to oils derived from rocks. Thus, long before the beginning of our modern industry founded on flow oil, "petroleum" was supplied to shale and similar rock oils, and since the term is derived from the Latin petra or rock. and oleum or oil, its earlier application was literally correct. However, the term has long been associated with that mixture of hydrocarbons derived in a liquid form from wells drilled into the earth's surface. Oils derived from naturally occuring solid formations are included today in the field of synthetic liquid fuels.

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Properties of Colorado oil shale. [From Mahogany Ledge, being mined and processed at Rifle facility]

This report presents the results or analytical studies made on two series of oil-shale  samples from the Mahogany Ledge of the Green River formation near Rifle, Colorado.  It was made to determine the character of the various grades of oil shale that are being mined and processed into shale oil and refined products at the Bureau of Mines Oil-Shale Demonstration Plant at Rifle, Colorado.  The analytical work was part of a synthetic liquid fuels program being conducted at the Petroleum and Oil-Shale Experiment Station, Laramie, Wyo.

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Development of High Temperature Capacitor Technology and Manufacturing Capability

Project Final Report-DE-FC26-06NT42949-The goal of this project is to design and conduct controlled experiments to systematically optimize manufacturing and testing processes for fluorene isophthalate terephalate (also known as fluorene polyester or FPE) capacitors to encourage the commercial availability of a reliable and affordable supply. Film casting, film metallization, and final capacitor assembly processes will be optimized.

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Optimization Of Infill Well Locations In Wamsutter Field

Project Final Report-07122-43-This research proposes to optimize the site selection for infill wells in the Wamsutter gas field of the Green River Basin of southwestern Wyoming by utilizing streamline simulation and modified flow simulation methods to address the dynamic connectivity in the reservoir. Unlike conventional static models, this approach will track the continuity of the tight sand reservoirs and well drainage volumes over time.

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Design Investigation of Extreme High Pressure, High Temperature (XHPHT), Subsurface Safety Valves (SSSV)

Project Final Report-07121-DW1603C-This project will investigate subsurface safety valve (SSSV) design in support of the development of new designs for application in valves subject to pressures of 30,000 psi and temperatures in excess of 400° F. Such extreme high pressure, high temperature (XHPHT) conditions are expected in ultra-deepwater areas of the Gulf of Mexico.

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Subsea Processing System Integration Engineering

Project Final Report-07121-DW1901-The goal of this project is to develop and validate a Subsea Processing Simulator capable of predicting the performance of subsea processing systems over the range of conditions and fluid compositions found in the Gulf of Mexico. The intention is to provide a simulator that can be used as an industry standard to predict the in situ performance of compact separation components and systems over their productive field life.

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Effect of Global Warming in Hurricane Activity in the North Atlantic

Project Final Report-07121-DW1801-The goal of this project is to evaluate the impacts of climate variability on North Atlantic hurricane activity through a nested climate modeling approach that combines existing global climate simulations, with more detailed regional simulations of individual storms and hurricanes, and advanced statistical techniques. Project results will be used to assess likely changes in hurricane activity under a global warming scenario and to project likely changes in hurricane intensity and frequency in the Gulf of Mexico over the next fifty years.

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Ultra-Deepwater Dry Tree System for Drilling and Production in the GoM

Project Final Stage 2 Report-07121- DW1402b-This project will assess alternative dry tree semisubmersible (DTS) concept designs for two different payload cases in accordance with an agreed upon basis of design, and select one hull form option for model testing and further development in a Phase 2 project. The intent is to investigate the feasibility of developing this platform design and to identify any technical limits to areas where further qualification or testing will be required.

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High-Power TurboDrill and Drillbit for Drilling with Coiled Tubing

Project Final Report-DE-FC26-05NT15486-The project entails developing and testing an effective downhole drive mechanism and a novel drill bit for drilling small-diameter vertical and horizontal wellbores with coiled tubing.  The advanced PDC drill bit employs unique microwave-brazed, thermally stable diamond (TSP) cutters. Use of the cutters allows the bit to be rotated at higher speeds than conventional rotary speeds without the excessive wear that would occur if commercially available PDC cutters were used. Thermal modeling of the TSP cutters revealed an unexpected result: TSP cutters are able to be rotated at speeds of at least 2,000 rpm without excessive wear. Testing at TerraTek in granite and sandstones proved that the cutters can operate at nearly 4000 RPM without excessive wear. Because of their thermal properties, the TSP cutters will operate at a lower temperature when compared with the commercial PDC cutter. Rates of penetration were increased in proportion to the increase in power provided by the NASA designed blades.

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Gulf Petro Initiative

Project Final Report-DE-NT0004651-In this project, new fluids have been designed to efficiently drill deepwater wells that can be cost-effectively drilled. The new fluids are heavy-liquid foams with low density at shallow depths and high density at drilling depths. Designing new fluids to efficiently drill deepwater wells that can not be costeffectively drilled with current technologies. The new fluids will be heavy liquid foams that have low-density at shallow dept to avoid formation breakdown and high density at drilling depth to control formation pressure. The goal of this project is to provide industry with formulations of new fluids for reducing casing programs and thus well construction cost in deepwater development. Studying the effects of flue gas/CO2 huff n’ puff on incremental oil recovery in Louisiana oilfields bearing light oil. Arriving at a quantitative understanding for the three-dimensional controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) geophysical response of typical Gulf of Mexico hydrocarbon reservoirs.

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Cost Effective Recovery of Low-TDS Frac Flowback Water for Re-use

Project Final Report-DE-FE0000784-The project goal was to develop a cost-effective water recovery process to reduce the costs and envi-ronmental impact of shale gas production. This effort sought to develop both a flowback water pre-treatment process and a membrane-based partial demineralization process for the treatment of the low-Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) portion of the flowback water produced during hydrofracturing opera-tions. The TDS cutoff for consideration in this project is < 35,000 ~ 45,000 ppm, which is the typical limit for economic water recovery employing reverse osmosis (RO) type membrane desalination processes. The ultimate objective is the production of clean, reclaimed water suitable for re-use in hydrofracturing operations.

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Development and Manufacture of Cost Effective Composite Drill Pipe

Final Project Report-DE-FC26-99FT40262-CDP could bring new life to thousands of idle wells drilled in the early 20th century. In many fields, unproduced oil-bearing formations lie 100 feet or less below existing well total depths (TDs) or remain by-passed behind casing because the reserves were not considered significant when the well was drilled. Using short-radius drilling to drill a horizontal lateral into these formations from existing wells could bring many of these older wells back into production without the environmental disturbance that drilling new wells from the surface would create.

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Natural Gas Storage Technology Consortium (GSTC) Final Project Report

Final Project Report-DE-FC26-03NT41779-The EMS Energy Institute at The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) has managed the Gas Storage Technology Consortium (GSTC) since its inception in 2003. The GSTC infrastructure provided a means to accomplish industry-driven research and development designed to enhance the operational flexibility and deliverability of the nation’s gas storage system, and provide a cost-effective, safe, and reliable supply of natural gas to meet domestic demand. The GSTC received base funding from the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Oil & Natural Gas Supply Program.

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Treating Coalbed Natural Gas Produced Water for Beneficial Use by MFI Zeolite Membranes

Final Project Report-DE-FC26-04NT15548-The objectives of the project are an improved understanding of the mechanisms of reverse osmosis (RO) processes on zeolite membranes and the factors determining the performance of the membranes. Improvement of the membranes and establishment of optimal operating conditions to enhance water flux and ion rejection will be addressed. The final goal is the evaluation of the technical and economic feasibilities of long-term RO operation

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The Arctic Energy Technology Development Laboratory - Final Project Report [PDF-85MB]

Final Project Report-DE-FC26-01NT41248-The Arctic Energy Technology Development Laboratory was created by the University of Alaska Fairbanks in response to a congressionally mandated funding opportunity through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), specifically to encourage research partnerships between the university, the Alaskan energy industry, and the DOE. The enabling legislation permitted research in a broad variety of topics particularly of interest to Alaska, including providing more efficient and economical electrical power generation in rural villages, as well as research in coal, oil, and gas.

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Novel Use of P-wave and S-wave Seismic Attenuation for Deep Natural Gas Exploration and Development

Final Project Summary - DE-FC26-04NT42243- Goal: To develop and test a new methodology for using seismic attenuation(Q) attributes, from multi-component P-wave and S-wave seismic data, for assessing the presence of high oil or natural gas saturations, and estimating reservoir properties (in particular, gas saturation, lithology, and porosity).

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Mapping Alternations caused by Hydrocarbon Microseepages in Patrick Draw Area, Southwest Wyoming, Using Image Spectroscopy and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

Final Project Summary -DE-FG26-05NT42494-Results from the Hyperion hyperspectral remote sensing work at the Patrick Draw oilfield in southwest Wyoming demonstrates a successful application of hyperspectral mapping techniques when applied to the identification of subtle geochemical alterations associated with hydrocarbon microseepage. These results are confirmed by geochemical work

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