AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the sixth annual coal-fueled heat engines and gas stream cleanup systems contractors review meeting

The Sixth Annual Coal-Fueled Heat Engines and Gas Stream Cleanup Systems Contractors Review Meeting was held March 21 to 23, 1989, at the Sheraton Lakeview Conference Center in Morgantown, West Virginia. This meeting was sponsored and hosted by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center of the US Department of Energy. The overall objective of these programs is to develop the essential technology for private sector commercialization of integrated heat engine and gas stream cleanup systems -- systems that can produce power from coal in a cost competitive and environmentally acceptable manner. Over 50 papers and poster presentations were given in six sessions and one informal poster session: process economics and marketing assessments (six papers,5703 ); gas turbine combustion and performance (five papers,5703 ); diesel combustion and performance (four papers,5703 ); diesel wear and component development (four papers,5703 ); cleanup systems for coal-fueled heat engines (seven papers,5703 ); support R D (eight papers,5703 ); poster presentations (20 presentations). Individual projects are processed separately for the data bases.

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High-temperature, solid-oxide-electrolyte fuel-cell power-generating system. Quarterly report, December 1, 1980-February 28, 1981

During this reporting period, porous support tube work was directed at reducing the firing temperature, where electrically heated furnaces that enable better zone temperature control can be utilized. Work on the air electrode for the FBA cell design has concentrated on modifying the lanthanum manganite, to enhance its conductivity while matching its thermal expansion to that of the other fuel cell components. The thermal expansion and electrical resistivity of La/sub 0/ /sub 5/Ca/sub 0/ /sub 5/MnO/sub 3/ have been determined. An initial FBA cell has been fabricated. Although its performance was below that of the cells in the series cell stack arrangement, it did prove that fabrication of all fuel cell components (including the interconnection) can be accomplished in this cell design. Analytical measurements on an actual HTSOE cell stack have resulted in the use of the differential resistance (..delta..V/..delta..I) to isolate voltage losses under operating conditions, envisaged for the HTSOE fuel cell generator.

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Shale characterization and resource appraisal of Devonian black shales of the Appalachian basin. Monthly report

Department of Energy funds for the US Geological Survey's characterization and approval program have been exhausted. Final reports for 4 of the 9 projects of the program were released to METC during FY 1981, and the final reports for the remaining 5 projects will be released shortly. Monthly progress reports will continue to be submitted to DOE until the last of the program work has been completed and the last of the project final reports submitted to METC.

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Experimental evaluation of the steady state and dynamic performance characteristics of the interactive units of a coal gasification process. Quarterly report for the period 30 March 1981-28 June 1981

Coal gasification/gas cleanup fuel plants for synthetic fuel applications must be developed within the constraints imposed by dynamic load response to variations in end-use demand arid compliance with environmental regulations. The overall objective of the program is to develop the technology base that is required to permit coal conversion systems to operate within the constraints imposed by end-use applications. The fuel plant performance and component as well as end-use interactions will be characterized in both steady state and dynamic operations. The information required to establish system control logic will be developed.

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Subduction Zone Tectonic Studies to Develop Concepts for the Occurrence of Sediment Subduction (Phase I)

The objective was to determine the fate of sediments at convergent lithospheric plate boundaries. The study focuses on the structures of the Circum-Pacific trenches and shallow portions of the associated subduction zones. Sediment distribution and the nature of sediment deformation was defined through the various stages of plate convergence to determine if the sediments are subducted or accreted. The controlling factors for sediment subduction and/or accretion were determined. 50 figs. (ACR)

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Experimental evaluation of the steady-state and dynamic performance characteristics of the interactive units of a coal-gasification process. Quarterly report, 29 June 1981-27 September 1981

Coal gasification/gas cleanup fuel plants for synthetic fuel applications must be developed within the constraints imposed by the end-use application. which include dynamic response to variations in load demand and compliance with environmental regulations; the overall objective of the program is to develop the technology base that is required to permit coal conversion systems to operate within those constraints. The fuel plant performance will be characterized in bottl steady state and dynamic operations; component interactions and end-use interactions will also be characterized. The information required to establish system control logic will be developed.

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Coal gasification support studies. Vol. II,  Task 2. Studies of fluidized-bed reactors in coal gasification processes. Final report, November 19, 1981-August 15, 1982

The effects of system pressure on solids entrainment and on transport disengaging height (TDH) in gas-solid fluidized beds were experimentally investigated. The specific entrainment rate constant was found to be linearly proportional to the gas density up to a system pressure of 300 psig (a gas density of 1.52 lb/ft/sup 3/). The specific entrainment rate constants from this study were found to lie within the limits of predictions from the existing correlations. TDH was found to increase linearly with both system pressure and gas velocity. The dynamic behavior of gas and solids in an overflow standpipe as a function of several operational variables was also studied. Flow transitions (that is, solids defluidization and gas-flow reversal) were found to be a function of the solids flow rate as well as solids material properties, standpipe aeration, and standpipe geometry. Trends depicting solids defluidization and gas-flow-reversal data are discussed in this report. The effect of distributor design on the tendency of coal char to sinter in fluidized beds was determined. Three distributor configurations were tested at various temperatures, gas velocities, and oxygen concentrations. It was found that there is no difference in using either single- or multiple-nozzle distributors to prevent sintering. A single-nozzle distributor with a concentric annular opening, however, was found to be effective in preventing sintering. The void-gas stripping characteristics of porous solids in standpipes operating in moving packed-bed and fluidized-bed modes were investigated. In this report, the effects of the stripper diameter and stripper-gas injection location on stripping-gas requirements are discussed, and a method of predicting stripping-gas requirements for a porous particle system is presented. 165 figures, 32 tables.

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Chemistry of lignite liquefaction. Final progress report, January 1980-December 1982

Asphaltene and preasphaltene components of samples of solvent refined lignites prepared at 400, 460 and 480/sup 0/C have been isolated by solvent fractionation. The composition of the asphaltenes and preasphaltenes have been analyzed for their number average molecular weight distribution, acid components, oxygen functionality and aromatic structure. Three significant differences between preasphaltenes and asphaltenes were noted. First, the molecular weight distribution maximizes 200 to 300 g/mol higher for the preasphaltenes compared to the asphaltenes. Second, the asphaltenes contained a higher degree of condensed aromatic systems than the corresponding preasphaltenes. Third, the asphaltenes have larger quantities of hydroxyl type oxygen than other oxygen while preasphaltenes show equal amounts or a greater quantity of other oxygen depending on the pressure of the reaction. Experimental work completed on the model compounds: PhSPh, PhN(CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/, PhOPh, PhCH/sub 2/Ph, PhCH/sub 2/CH/sub 2/Ph, lignin and sexiphenyl suggested H/sub 2/-H/sub 2/S and CO-H/sub 2/O-H/sub 2/S to be effective reducing gases for coals at liquefaction temperatures. This prediction has now been verified. Lignite gives extraordinary yields of oil at the expense of gases and unconverted coal. The mechanisms of H/sub 2/S action have now been demonstrated to be a minimum of three: (1) a hydrogen transfer agent similar to that thought to occur with hydrogenated recycle solvents, (2) a cracking agent capable of rupturing nitrogen-carbon bonds, and (3) a homogeneous, volatile, efficient catalyst for the shift reaction. Elemental sulfur as an additive to coal liquefaction experiments and the model compound experiments exhibit many of the same characteristics of H/sub 2/S when used in the presence of either H/sub 2/ or CO-H/sub 2/O.

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Granular-bed-filter development program, Phase II. Final report

The high-temperature moving bed granular filter (GBF) program at Combustion Power Company (CPC) commenced in 1977. Its purpose was to investigate, for the Department of Energy, the filtration performance of the GBF for application to coal-fired PFBC turbine systems. The GBF test system was successfully operated on 1500/sup 0/F to 1600/sup 0/F gases produced from an atmospheric pressure coal-fired fluidized bed combustor. Overall collection efficiencies above 99% and submicron collection efficiencies above 96% were consistently demonstrated in over 1500 hours of high-temperature testing. Alkali content of the hot gases was also measured to evaluate aluminosilicate additives for controlling alkali emissions. Operational and performance stability under upset conditions (ten times normal inlet loading and 125% of design gas flowrate) was also demonstrated experimentally. A computer-based GBF performance model was developed. It predicts overall particle capture within  - 5%. Gas flow streamlines and isobars are computer generated from theoretical principles and particle capture is based on the most recent empirical models. The effects of elevated pressure on efficiency and filter pressure drop are included in the model. A modular approach was adopted for GBF scale-up to commercial size systems using elements of the same size tested in this program. Elements can be readily packaged into 30,000 acfm modules at a projected equipment cost of approximately $27 per acfm.

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Western Gas Sands Project:  abstracts information system

A bibliography containing citations on the technological, geographical, geological, geophysical, geochemical, and environmental aspects of natural gas recovery from tight sands is presented. Dissemination of technical information is a principal goal of the Western Gas Sands Project. A vast amount of information, relevant to western tight gas sands activities, of varying degrees of technical complexity, has been and continues to be published in the technical literature. Recently, as increasing gas prices draw increased private sector attention to previously sub-economic resources, and as results from the Government-sponsored R and D of the last several years become available, the quantity of literature related to the geology of tight gas formations and to diagnostic and production stimulation technology, has sharply accelerated. Efficient expenditure of future R and D funds requires researchers to be familiar with related previous work. Therefore, a data base has been prepared which contains records for journal articles, reports and other documents relevant to western tight gas sands activities. (DMC)

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Development of techniques for optimizing selection and completion of western tight gas sands. Summary report, Phases I through VIII, November 1978-September 1981

The Phase I report pointed out the similarity between the fluvial Cretaceous Farrer Formation and the fluvial Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation in East Central Utah. The Phase II report indicated that there was generally a difference in the characteristics of the small scale paleo-current indicators between the fluvial Farrer beds and the Castlegate marine, the Sego marine marginal and the Wasatch (Green River) lacustrine and marginal lacustrine beds. It further indicated that paleocurrent direction indicators should be detected by high resolution geophysical logs. The Phase III report presented a qualitative correlation of geophysical log, core and outcrop information from the GC-1 area in Grand County, Utah. The Phase IV report extended the continuity studies previously made in the Western Piceance and Eastern Uinta Basins to the Green River and Wind River Basins of Wyoming. The continuity was found to be somewhat higher in the Wyoming basins, and low permeability microlayers much more prevalent as separators of the small scale sedimentary structural features. The Phase V report summarized a characterization of some of the Cretaceous and Paleozoic fluvial beds in the Green River and Wind River Basins. Stochastic models of the permeability tensors of the characterized beds might be developed if additional data on the permeabilities of the thin low permeability separating layers can be obtained. The Phase VI report presents the results of a detailed study of the Rifle Gap area in Colorado and makes a prognosis of the reservoir geometric characteristics of the fluvial Mesaverde target section at the US Department of Energy multiwell experiment site. The prognosis is based on an extrapolation of the Rifle Gap study results 12 miles southwest to the multiwell area.

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An innovative drilling system

The principal project objectives were the following: To demonstrate the capability of the Ultrashort Radius Radial System to drill and complete multiple horizontal radials in a heavy oil formation which had a production history of thermal operations. To study the effects that horizontal radials have on steam placement at specific elevations and on reducing gravity override. To demonstrate that horizontal radials could be utilized for cyclic production, i.e. for purposes of oil production as well as for steam injection. Each of these objectives was successfully achieved in the project. Early production results indicate that radials positively influenced cyclic performance. This report documents those results. 15 refs., 29 figs., 1 tab.

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Effects of inorganics and pore structure on char gasification kinetics. Final report

A distinctive feature of char gasification reactions are the changes in pore structure of the solid reactant that occur continuously as reaction proceeds. The gasification kinetics therefore involve interactions between intrinsic reactivity and pore structural changes. It is the central objective of this research to distinguish the contributions to overall kinetics that are related to the pore structure from those attributable to surface reaction chemistry. To this end a series of experiments were designed to provide data interpretation that could parallel and critically evaluate the model development. Six char samples with different initial pore structures were generated from two types of coals (anthracite PSOC-80 and high volatile bituminous PSOC-4) by varying pyrolysis heating rates from 1 to 10/sup 0/C/min and final pyrolysis temperatures from 600 to 950/sup 0/C. These chars were also impregnated with different concentrations (0.2 to 3.0M) of Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ and K/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ solution. Both catalyzed and non-catalyzed oxidation rates and their changes with conversion were measured with a Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) in the temperature range of 380 to 500/sup 0/C with oxygen partial pressure ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 atm. The particle sizes used ranged from less than 100 to 250 microns, but mostly in 250 micron. Corresponding pore structure developments during reactions were measured by the combination of mercury, porosimetry, adsorption technique, and pycnometry. An atomic absorption technique was used to determine the amount of catalyst uptake, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) served to visualize catalyst depositions. This final report consists of the complete experimental results as well as data analyses conducted under the current project. 75 refs.

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Sedimentary structural element analysis, continuity and permeability of Mesaverde sandstones from the Rifle Gap Area, Colorado. Phase VI report

This field study on sandstone outcrops on the rim of the Piceance Basin had as its prime goals (1) an evaluation of the geometrical properties of the sandstone lenses in the Mesaverde Group, including their length, thickness, continuity, paleocurrent orientations, and crossbed characteristics, and (2) a prognosis of sandstone geometries and orientations at the multiwell site based on the outcrop analysis.

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Proceedings of the seventh annual gasification and gas stream cleanup systems contractors review meeting: Volume 1

On June 16 through 19, 1987, METC sponsored the Seventh Annual Gasification and Gas Stream Cleanup Systems Contractors Review Meeting which was held at the Sheraton Lakeview Conference Center in Morgantown, West Virginia. The primary purpose of the meeting was threefold: to review the technical progress and current status of the gasification and gas stream cleanup projects sponsored by the Department of Energy; to foster technology exchange among participating researchers and other technical communities; to facilitate interactive dialogues which would identify research needs that would make coal-based gasification systems more attractive economically and environmentally. More than 310 representatives of Government, academia, industry, and foreign energy research organizations attended the 4-day meeting. Fifty-three papers and thirty poster displays were presented summarizing recent developments in the gasification and gas stream cleanup programs. Volume I covers information presented at sessions 1 through 4 on systems for the production of Co-products and industrial fuel gas, environmental projects, and components and materials. Individual papers have been processed for the Energy Data Base.

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Evaluation of mechanistic models for coal gasification. Final technical report. [CHEMFLUB, FLAG, FLAME]

In the past US Department of Energy had sponsored projects for development of detailed mathematical models of gasification reactors. Four different mechanistic models were developed under these projects. They are CHEMFLUB and EF (Entrained Flow) developed by System Science and Software Inc. (SSS), and FLAG and FLAME developed by JAYCOR. CHEMFLUB and FLAG model fluidized-bed gasifiers, and EF and FLAME are the entrained flow gasifier models. The purpose of such models is to provide insight into the physical processes occurring in the reactors and to investigate the performances of various reactors designs. These models can also be used for predicting the scale up effects. However, the models can perform these tasks only if they are built around appropriate mathematical basis, and sound fundamental principles. In 1982 West Virginia University was awarded a two year contract to verify, and evaluate CHEMFLUB, FLAG, and FLAME. The overall objective of verification and evaluation was divided in five subtasks. These subtasks are as follows: (1) Testing of mathematical basis of the models; (2) Testing of numerical method of the models; (3) Testing model computer codes; (4) Exercising the models; and (5) Evaluation of model constitutive relations. This report documents the work performed over the duration of the contract and its extension. 24 refs.

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Second-generation pressurized fluidized bed combustion plant conceptual design: Phase 1, Task 1, Executive summary

The electric utility industry needs a new generation of plants that can operate with substantially improved efficiencies and availabilities, accept lower-quality fuels, and easily meet present and future New Source Performance Standards (NSPS). The plants should be low in capital costs, have short design and construction lead times, be highly reliable/available, and be amenable to modularity -- all leading to a lower cost of electricity (COE) and a lower risk of surplus capacity. In response to this need, a team of companies led by Foster Wheeler Development Corporation has embarked upon a DOE-funded three-phase 5-year program to develop the technology for this new type of plant. Quantitatively, the targeted goals for this new plant are a COE at least 20-percent lower than that of a conventional pulverized-coal-(PC)-fired plant with a stack gas scrubber and a 45-percent efficiency (based on the higher heating value of the coal). During the first phase, the plant will be conceptually designed, the parameters that optimize performance and have a significant impact on COE will be determined, and commercialization and research and development plans will be formulated. In Phase 2 the key components of the plant will be individually tested at the laboratory scale; performance data will be correlated; and the Phase 1 design, cost estimate, and plans will be updated. In Phase 3 the key components will be tested as a fully integrated subsystem at the 5-MWe equivalent scale, system and performance characteristics will be correlated, and the Phase 2 designs and cost estimates will be updated. This report was prepared as a part of the Phase 1 effort; it presents the conceptual design of the plant and the results of optimization and COE sensitivity studies, and it reveals that the proposed plant will meet the targeted goals. 15 refs., 5 figs., 5 tabs.

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Studies of the effect of toxic coal particles on model membrane systems

The work described in this report was part of a coal toxicology program. This report deals specifically with the interaction of model membranes and ..beta..-naphthol and PAH. The penetration of ..beta.. naphthol into DPPC monolayer films at an air water interface was studied. In addition, PAH distribution between aqueous (solution) and DPPC (vesicle) phases were studied. 7 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

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Determination of optimum electrolyte composition for molten carbonate fuel cells literature review: Topical report

Our review of the earlier cell testing data suggests that a more conductive electrolyte may improve total cell performance, primarily as a result of reduction of IR-loss in the electrolyte tile or matrix. This IR loss contributes significantly to cell performance loss. However, electrode performances could not be correlated very well with either potassium content or electrolyte conductivity, primarily due to possible off-setting effects in cathode kinetics, mass transfer, and ohmic resistance inside this porous electrode. The cell data discussed above concerned only short-term results and thus only the effects on performance were studied. The problems affecting endurance, e.g., corrosion, NiO dissolution, and matrix support stability could not be analyzed in these tests. This review therefore indicated that optimization of electrolyte composition is potentially available and could be beneficial to arrive at an optimum combination of performance/endurance and cost factors. Further systematic and careful experimental work will be necessary while emphasizing the need for repeatability and long-term stable and representative conditions. ERC feels that an important part of our approach must be to emphasize duplication and repeatability as well as relatively long-term, large cell, testing. All parameters, except electrolyte composition, will be identical so that definitive data will be developed with regard to the electrolyte performance.

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