AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Quarterly Technical Progress Report

The temperature dependence of the oxygen flux across the BaCe0G03 dense membrane (BCG membrane) tube was investigated. In the temperature range of 688C to 955C, the increase in the oxygen flux with temperature obeyed the Arrhenius law. An increase in the  helium sweep flow  membrane tube.  rate in the tube side resulted in an increase in the oxygen flux through the    The oxygen fluxes through the BCG dense membrane tube were measured at different oxygen partial pressures in the shell side. The oxygen flux increased with the oxygen partial pressure in the shell side.    The BCG dense membrane was tested in a membrane reactor for the catalytic oxidative coupling of methane.  The BCG membrane is not a complete combustion catalyst, and the catalytic activity of the BCG membrane was found to be much higher than the Argonne dense  membrane. As the oxygen partial pressure in the shell side increased, the C2 decreased while the C2 yield remained unchanged, indicating that non-selective, reactions still played a significant role in the membrane reactor.

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Quarterly Technical Progress Report

Methane oxidative coupling experiments were conducted in a porous gamma alumina membrane reactor using Mn-W-Na/SiOz catalyst, and its performance was compared with a packed reactor. By varying the helium flow rate and keeping the temperature, methane flow rate, and oxygen flow rate constant, the membrane reactor gave 10% higher Cz yield and 30% higher C2 selectivity than the co-feed reactor operated at the same methane conversion. At similar C2 yield and C2 selectivity, the methane conversion of the membrane reactor was 15% lower than that of a co-feed reactor. By varying the oxygen flow rate and keeping the temperature, methane flow rate, and helium flow rate constant, at the same methane conversion, the membrane reactor gave about 3% higher C2 yield and C2 selectivity than the co-feed reactor. Higher helium flow rate gave higher C2 selectivity and yield, whereas changing methane flow rate did not significantly affect the reactor performance.

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Control of Trace Metal Emissions During Coal Combustion

Emissions of toxic trace metals in the form of metal fumes or submicron particulate from a coal-fired combustion source have received greater environmental and regulatory concern over the past years. Current practice of controlling these emissions is to collect them at the cold-end of the process by air-pollution control devices (APCDS) such as electrostatic precipitators and baghouses. However, trace metal fumes may not always be effectively collected by these devices because the formed fumes are extremely small.  The proposed research is to explore the opportunities for improved control of toxic trace metal emissions, alternatively, at the hot-end of the coal combustion process, i.e., in the combustion chamber. The technology proposed is to prevent the metal fumes from forming during the process, which would effectively eliminate the metal emission problems. Specifically, the technology is to employ suitable sorbents to (1) reduce the amount of metal volatilization during combustion and (2) capture volatilized metal vapors.  The objectives of the project are to demonstrate the technology and to characterize the metal capture process during coal combustion in a fluidized bed combustor.

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High Conversion of Coal to Transportation Fuels for the Future With Low HC Gas Production

An announced objective of the Department of Energy in  funding this work,  and other current research in coal  liquefaction, is to produce a synthetic crude from coal at a cost  lower than $30.00 per barrel (Task A).  A second objective,  reflecting a recent change in direction in the synthetic fuels  effort of DOE, is to produce a fuel which is low in aromatics,  yet of sufficiently high octane number for use in the gasoline-  burning transportation vehicles of today.  To meet this second  objective, research was proposed, and funding awarded, for  conversion of the highly-aromatic liquid product from coal  conversion to a product high in isoparaffins, which compounds in  the gasoline range exhibit a high octane number (Task B).

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Simulated coal-gas fueled carbonate fuel cell power plant system verification. Final report, September 1990--June 1995

This report summarizes work performed under U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center (DOE/METC) Contract DE-AC-90MC27168 for September 1990 through March 1995. Energy Research Corporation (ERC), with support from DOE, EPRI, and utilities, has been developing a carbonate fuel cell technology. ERC`s design is a unique direct fuel cell (DFC) which does not need an external fuel reformer. An alliance was formed with a representative group of utilities and, with their input, a commercial entry product was chosen. The first 2 MW demonstration unit was planned and construction begun at Santa Clara, CA. A conceptual design of a 10OMW-Class dual fuel power plant was developed; economics of natural gas versus coal gas use were analyzed. A facility was set up to manufacture 2 MW/yr of carbonate fuel cell stacks. A 100kW-Class subscale power plant was built and several stacks were tested. This power plant has achieved an efficiency of {approximately}50% (LHV) from pipeline natural gas to direct current electricity conversion. Over 6,000 hours of operation including 5,000 cumulative hours of stack operation were demonstrated. One stack was operated on natural gas at 130 kW, which is the highest carbonate fuel cell power produced to date, at 74% fuel utilization, with excellent performance distribution across the stack. In parallel, carbonate fuel cell performance has been improved, component materials have been proven stable with lifetimes projected to 40,000 hours. Matrix strength, electrolyte distribution, and cell decay rate have been improved. Major progress has been achieved in lowering stack cost.

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HAPs-Rx: Precombustion Removal of Hazardous Air Pollutant Precursors

CQ Inc. and its team members (Howard University, Fossil Fuel Sciences, and industry advisors from coal-burning utilities and coal producers) have applied mature coal cleaning and scientific principles to the new purpose of removing potentially hazardous trace elements from coal. The team uniquely combines mineral processing and geoehemical expertise.  This project was not selected for Phase II during the down selection process. The remaining work on Phase I centers on completion of the final report and the Hazardous Waste Report as well as various financial and progress reports.  During these two quarters, the draft bid report for Phase I and the down selection proposal were prepared and submitted on schedule (July 31). DOE comments on the draft final report were received November 19 and the revised final report is scheduled for completion in February 1998.

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Sensor for Viscosity and Shear Strength Measurement

Measurement of the physical properties (viscosity and density) of waste slurries is critical in evaluating transport parameters to ensure turbulent flow through transport pipes. The environment for measurement and sensor exposure is extremely harsh; therefore, reliability and ruggedness are critical in the sensor design. The work for this project will be performed in three phases. The first phase, carried out in FY96, involved (1) an evaluation of acoustic and other methods for viscosity measurement; (2) measurement of the parameters of slurries over the range of percent solids found in tanks and transport systems; (3) a comparison of physical properties (e.g., viscosity and density) to percent solids found composition; and (4) the design of a prototype sensor. The second phase (FY97) will involve the fabrication of a prototype hybrid sensor to measure the viscosity and mechanical properties of slurries in remote, high-radiation environments. Two different viscometer designs are being investigated in this study: a magnetostrictive pulse wave guide viscometer; an oscillating cylinder viscometer. In FY97, the Hemispheric Center for Environmental Technology (HCET) at Florida International University (FIU), which has printed circuit, thick film, thin film, and co-fired ceramic fabrication capability, will fabricate five probes for demonstration after technology selection and evaluation.

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Technology Assessment of Dust Suppression Techniques applied During Structural Demolition

Hanford, Fernald, Savannah River, and other sites are currently reviewing technologies that can be implemented to demolish buildings in a cost-effective manner. In order to demolish a structure and, at the same time, minimize the amount of dust generated by a given technology, an evaluation must be conducted to choose the most appropriate dust suppression technology. Thus, the purpose of this research, which was conducted by the Hemispheric Center for Environmental Technology (HCET) at Florida International University (FIU), was to perform an experimental study of dust aerosol abatement (dust suppression) methods as applied to nuclear D and D. This experimental study specifically targeted the problem of dust suppression during demolition. The resulting data were used in the development of mathematical correlations that can be applied to structural demolition. In the Fiscal Year 1996 (FY96), the effectiveness of different dust suppressing agents was investigated for different types of concrete blocks. Initial tests were conducted in a broad particle size range. In Fiscal Year 1997 (FY97), additional tests were performed in the size range in which most of the particles were detected. Since particle distribution is an important parameter for predicting deposition in various compartments of the human respiratory tract, various tests were aimed at determining the particle size distribution of the airborne dust particles. The effectiveness of dust suppressing agents for particles of various size was studied. Instead of conducting experiments on various types of blocks, it was thought prudent to carry out additional tests on blocks of the same type. Several refinements were also incorporated in the test procedures and data acquisition system used in FY96.

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Microwave Combustion and Sintering Without Isostatic Pressure

This investigation involves a study of the influence of key processing parameters on the heating of materials using microwave energy. Selective and localized heating characteristics of microwaves will be utilized in the sintering of ceramics without hydrostatic pressure. In addition, combustion synthesis will be studied for the production of powders, carbides, and nitrides by combining two or more solids or a solid and a gas to form new materials. The insight gained from the interaction of microwaves with various materials will be utilized in the mobilization and subsequent redeposition of uranium.

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Technology Assessment of Dust Suppression Techniques Applied During Structural Demolition

Hanford, Fernald, Savannah River, and other sites are currently reviewing technologies that can be implemented to demolish buildings in a cost-effective manner. In order to demolish a structure properly and, at the same time, minimize the amount of dust generated from a given technology, an evaluation must be conducted to choose the most appropriate dust suppression technology given site-specific conditions. Thus, the purpose of this research, which was carried out at the Hemispheric Center for Environmental Technology (HCET) at Florida International University, was to conduct an experimental study of dust aerosol abatement (dust suppression) methods as applied to nuclear D and D. This experimental study targeted the problem of dust suppression during the demolition of nuclear facilities. The resulting data were employed to assist in the development of mathematical correlations that can be applied to predict dust generation during structural demolition.

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Slag Characterization and Removal Using Pulse Detonation Technology During Coal Gasification. Quarterly Report. October 1 - December 31, 1997

The research activities performed in this quarter (reporting period: 10/01/97- 12/31/97) are summarized as follows: The activities concentrated on: . Partial analysis of the multi pulse test results . Data analysis and comparison with that of the single pulse test data

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Evaluation of Coating Removal and Aggressive Surface Removal Surface Technologies Applied to Concrete Walls, Brick Walls, and Concrete Ceilings

The purpose of this investigation was to test and evaluate innovative and commercially available technologies for the surface decontamination of walls and ceilings. This investigation supports the DOE's objectives of reducing risks to human health and the environment through its restoration projects at FEMP and MEMP. This project was performed at the Hemispheric Center for Environmental Technology (HCET) at Florida International University (FIU), where one innovative and four commercially available decontamination technologies were evaluated under standard, non-nuclear testing conditions. The performance data generated by this project will assist DOE site managers in the selection of the safest, most efficient, and most cost-effective decontamination technologies to accomplish their remediation objectives.

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Decision Analysis System for Selection of Appropriate Decontamination Technologies

The principal objective for designing Decision Analysis System for Decontamination (DASD) is to support DOE-EM's endeavor to employ the most efficient and effective technologies for treating radiologically contaminated surfaces while minimizing personnel and environmental risks. DASD will provide a tool for environmental decision makers to improve the quality, consistency, and efficacy of their technology selection decisions. The system will facilitate methodical comparisons between innovative and baseline decontamination technologies and aid in identifying the most suitable technologies for performing surface decontamination at DOE environmental restoration sites.

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Decision Analysis Science Modeling for Application and Fielding Selection Applied to Metal Decontamination Technologies

During the decontamination and decommissioning (D and D) activities being conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), approximately 550,000 metric tons of contaminated metal will be generated by the disposition of contaminated buildings. The majority of the structural steel is considered to be radiologically contaminated. The D and D activities require the treatment of the structural steel to reduce occupational and environmental radiological exposures during dismantlement. Treatment technologies may also be required for possible recycling. Many proven commercial treatment technologies are available. These treatment processes vary in aggressiveness, safety requirements, secondary waste generation, necessary capital, and operation and maintenance costs. Choosing the appropriate technology to meet the decontamination objectives for structural steel is a difficult process. A single information source comparing innovative and nuclear and non-nuclear technologies in the areas of safety, cost and effectiveness is not currently commercially available to perform a detailed analysis. This study presents comparable data related to operation and maintenance, cost, and health and safely aspects of three readily available technologies and one innovative technology for nuclear decontamination. The technologies include Advance Recyclable Media System (ARMS{trademark}), NELCO Porta Shot Blast{trademark} (JHJ-2000), Pegasus Coating Removal System 7 (PCRS-7) and the innovative laser ablation technology called the Yag Eraser{trademark}.

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Decision Analysis Science Modeling for Application and Fielding Selection Applied to Equipment Dismantlement Technologies

The dismantlement of radioactively contaminated process equipment is a major concern during the D and D process. As buildings undergo the D and D process, metallic equipment contaminated with radionuclides such as uranium and plutonium must be dismantled before final disposal.The primary objective for equipment dismantlement is to reduce the potential for personnel and environmental exposure to contaminants during the decommissioning of the nuclear facility. The selection of the appropriate technologies to meet the dismantlement objectives for a given site is a difficult process in the absence of comprehensive and comparable data. Choosing the wrong technology could result in increased exposure of personnel to contaminants and an increase in D and D project costs. Innovative technologies are being developed with the goal of providing safer and more cost-effective alternatives that generate less secondary waste, thereby decreasing the operating costs for dismantlement. During the development and implementation process, performance indicators for the success of these technologies must be reviewed to ensure that these aims are being met. This project provides a mechanism for the assessment of innovative and commercially available nuclear and non-nuclear technologies for equipment dismantlement.

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High-Resolution Multichannel Seismic-Reflection Data Acquired in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, 1998-99

During June 1998 and April 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted two research cruises in the northern Gulf of Mexico to acquire high-resolution seismic reflection data across the upper and middle continental slope as part of an investigation of the seismic character, distribution, and potential effects of naturally-occurring marine gas hydrates and related free gas within the gas hydrate stability zone. Over 1600 km of two-dimensional multichannel seismic reflection profiles were acquired during these two cruises. The specific objectives of this investigation are (a) to produce high-resolution images of the gas hydrate stability zone; (b) to study the distribution and character of potential seafloor failures and their relationship to known and inferred gas hydrate deposits; (c) to look at systematic variations in subsurface structure in gas hydrate and non-hydrate areas; and (d) to estimate, if possible, the amounts of hydrates present within the gas hydrate stability zone. The multichannel profiles provide high-quality images with approximately 5 meters of vertical resolution and up to 2 km of penetration. This report gives an overview of the acquisition and data processing of the multichannel seismic reflection profiles and provides references and links to reports with more detailed information. Geologic interpretations of these seismic profiles regarding gas hydrate occurrence and distribution within the study areas of this investigation are given in Cooper and Hart (2002).

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USING RECENT ADVANCES IN 2D SEISMIC TECHNOLOGY AND SURFACE GEOCHEMISTRY TO ECONOMICALLY REDEVELOP A SHALLOW SHELF CARBONATE RESERVOIR: VERNON FIELD, ISABELLA COUNTY, MI.

The main results for this quarter are an updating of the project field demonstrations. The project now has field demonstrations in the Williston and Michigan Basins (Figure 1). The Williston Basin demonstration is the Myrtle Beach Project in Burke County N. Dakota (Figure 4), was added to the project in late May, 2002, and two wells have been drilled. In addition two new demonstration projects designed to test the Silurian pinnacle reefs in the Niagaran Formation (Figure 2) are being investigated for possible drilling in late 2002 or early 2003. The pinnacle reef sites are in Bagley (Figure 6) and Hayes Townships (Figure 5) in Otsego County, Michigan.

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Advanced Mud Hammer Systems

Novatek and the U.S. Department of Energy's Federal Energy Technology Center have engaged in a cooperative effort to develop an integrated, steerable drilling system, which includes a mud-actuated hammer as a key element. The overall goal of this system is to provide significant cost reduction and technical advantage over current drilling practice, particularly in deep, medium-to-hard rock formations. Following preliminary evaluation of several advanced drilling concepts, a system concept has been developed which offers potential improvements in drilling rate, directional control, formation evaluation, and wellbore stability. This paper describes several key subsystems of the integrated drilling system concept in some detail, including an advanced telemetry system, a steerable drilling head that offers advanced sensing capabilities, and a means of lining the wellbore while drilling. Progress on prototype development is reported, and key technological developments and hurdles are described.

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High Resolution Prediction of Gas Injection Process Performance for Heterogeneous Reservoirs

This report outlines progress in the fourth quarter of the second year of the DOE project ?High Resolution Prediction of Gas Injection Process Performance for Heterogeneous Reservoirs?. In this report we document accomplishments in two areas of the current research project. First we describe results from an experimental study on the effects of interfacial tension (IFT) on three-phase relative permeability's. Phase equilibrium measurements for a system containing water, hydrocarbon and two alcohols are reported. Furthermore, the effect of salinity on the three-phase regions is reported. Secondly we report on the progress related to incorporating gravity effects into compositional streamline simulation.

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Overview of Major Low-Permeability Resource Studies

In 2000, NETL conducted a review of the adequacy of the resource characterization databases used in its Gas Systems Analysis Model (GSAM). This review indicated that the most striking deficiency in GSAM?s databases was the poor representation of the vast resource believed to exist in low-permeability sandstone accumulations in western U.S. basins. The model's databases, which are built primarily around the United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1995 National Assessment (for undiscovered resources), reflected an estimate of the original-gas-inplace (OGIP) only in accumulations designated ?technically-recoverable? by the USGS ? roughly 3% to 4% of the total estimated OGIP of the region. As these vast remaining resources are a prime target of NETL programs, NETL immediately launched an effort to upgrade its resource characterizations.

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Chemical Microsystems for Air Quality Monitoring

Low-cost, reliable and distributed gas detection and analysis capabilities for air quality monitoring is an emerging technology need for the petroleum industry. Sandia and MicroChemLab Technologies will work with DOE, the petroleum industry, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and other stakeholders to conduct a feasibility study to assess the applicability of ChemLabTM technology developed at Sandia and now being commercialized by MicroChemLab Technologies for detecting key priority analyses for air quality monitoring.

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