AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Arctic and offshore research. Technology status report

The DOE Arctic and Offshore Research (AOR) effort is designed to meet the needs for a centralized, high-quality, Arctic energy-related data base and for long-term, high-risk research. The ultimate purpose of the DOE effort is to promote extensive private use of the evolving AOR technology data base in order to accelerate development of Arctic oil and gas resources. In assessing the Arctic energy-related research needs as delineated in this report, the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC), with the DOE Fossil Energy Office of Oil, Gas, and Shale Technology, developed the following activities: AOR Energy-Related Technology Data Base Development; AOR Seminars and Workshops; Arctic and Offshore Energy Research Coordination; Sea Ice Research; Seafloor/Soils Research; and Subice Systems Development. The DOE AOR effort was initiated in FY 1983, the early development activities were performed in January and February 1983, and the effort evolved to its present form by the conclusion of FY 1984. The current activities have included determining the Arctic bibliographic data base and initiating most pieces of the research described above (except multiyear ice properties and pipeline research). Some of the FY 1984 major accomplishments are: four to five ice islands 1 to 2 miles in length drifting off the Ellesmere ice shelves north of Ellesmere Island were aerially surveyed. A report was completed on the location of the ice shelf edge, breakup, and regrowth of the Ellesmere ice shelves over the past two decades. Ice-ridging shear zone studies have shown that the 6- to 10-feet high shoals usually under the shear zone are not totally destroyed from ice gouging from one year to the next, but that the ice gouging may be instrumental in initiating and maintaining the shoals, which may protect Arctic offshore structures. Airborne radar sensing techniques were used to determine the electromagnetic properties of sea ice and physical properties.

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Electrocyclone Development Program. Quarterly technical report, February-April 1982

The performance analysis of the 36-inch diameter, air-shielded electrocyclone has been completed. The cyclone was equipped with a spiked-disk electrode near the exit tube region and tested over the 15 to 80 ft/s velocity range. A set of light dust loading tests were performed where cyclone overall and fractional efficiencies were measured. In addition, a set of heavier dust loading tests with flyash were performed to investigate space-charge effects. A series of geometrically similar cyclones of conventional, high efficiency design was tested for collection efficiency at diameters of 4, 12, and 36 inches with both flyash and nickel test dusts over a range of inlet velocities and at atmospheric conditions. The degree of correlation obtained was examined to assess the validity of scale-up from model to prototype size. (LEW)

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Gas-Miscible Displacement Enhanced Oil Recovery

The general goal of the Gas-Miscible Displacement Project is to support high-risk, long-term carbon dioxide/enhanced oil recovery (CO/sub 2//EOR) research which does not duplicate or displace private or other public research and development (R and D) efforts in CO/sub 2//EOR. More specifically, the project goals are to: understand displacement mechanisms of the CO/sub 2//EOR process; provide predictive capability to forecast recovery from the CO/sub 2//EOR process; and improve the CO/sub 2//EOR process recovery efficiency. In order to accomplish these goals, the following research priorities have been identified: better mobility control of injected fluids; improved reservoir evaluation techniques through investigation of geologic and reservoir heterogeneity, residual oil saturation, and fracturing; improved understanding of oil swelling, viscosity reduction, and extraction/vaporization phenomena; improved predictive modeling; and field performance appraisal for tertiary oil recovery. Objectives of the research for fiscal year (FY) 84 and FY 85 are to complete the following: develop mobility control technology for improving the reservoir sweep efficiency of the gas flooding processes, develop gas flooding simulation research to provide acceptable levels of process predictability for adequate evaluation of economical and technical risks; develop phase behavior and displacement research activities to provide fundamental data on the processes that characterize and control macroscopic and microscopic oil recovery in gas flooding; develop novel concepts that will result in more efficient use of CO/sub 2/ and improved oil recovery; and demonstrate gas flooding technology through field testing of concepts demonstrated in laboratory and modeling studies. 2 tabs.

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Reactivity of iron sulfide in sulfur dioxide atmosphere

Desulfurization of low-Btu gas at elevated temperatures has been receiving much attention in recent years. The direct use of metals and their oxides to remove hydrogen sulfide from a hot synthesis gas produced by coal or residual oil gasification has offered one such method in improving process efficiency. Hasatani and Wen studied the reactivity of iron oxide with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. In order to design the clean-up process for coal-based fuel gases, kinetic studies of the regeneration of iron sulfide are necessary. In this work, the reactions of iron sulfide in a mixture of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen were carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer to determine the reactivities of solid-gas system for the design of a fixed bed and a fluidized bed reactor. The ultimate capacities and the reaction rates of iron-sulfide sorbents with sulfur dioxide were measured based on the weight change and the time derivative of the weight change of specimen used.

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Conceptual IGCC power plant design. Final report, September 16, 1981-December 31, 1982. Volume I

This report addresses a specific application for the Gulf States Utilities Company at the Roy S. Nelson site located at Westlake, Louisiana. This application consists of supplying synthetic gas produced from a coal gasification plant for use as fuel for a combustion turbine designated as Nelson Unit No. 7. This unit is intended to be integrated with an existing steam turbine, Nelson Unit No. 4, in a combined cycle mode. The proposed project is based on pressurized, fluidizing bed, coal gasification technology - a domestic technology developed under DOE sponsorship by Westinghouse. The process has been designed for application to power generation equipment. The technology has been successfully demonstrated at the Westinghouse pilot plant at Waltz Mill, Pennsylvania. The gasification unit has demonstrated the ability to process all types of coal without production of tars and oils, and produces gas with a heating value of approximately 300 Btu/scf. The proposed project builds upon the engineering and technical data available from the existing Nelson Unit No. 4, as well as Nelson Unit No. 7, a nominal 100-MW combustion turbine, capable of combusting coal-derived gas, that was recently placed in operation. The tangible results of this study are presented in this report: physical description in words, diagrams, and drawings of a proposed addition that would convert the GSU Nelson Station into an IGCC power plant; analysis of the financial consequences of making such a conversion; assessment of the availability to be expected from this new type of coal-burning power plant, and suggestions for maximizing that availability; documentation of the baseline environmental situation at the plant and listing of the additional permits deemed to be required in order to implement the recommended program. 48 figures, 51 tables.

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Computed tomography of coals. Quarterly technical progress report No. 1, August 16, 1982-November 28, 1982

The purpose of this contract is to examine the utility and advantages of x-ray computed tomography (CT) for investigating the structure within coal and the changes that occur in these structures during such processes as combustion and gasification. The CT technique is noninvasive and nondestructive. It can produce interior views of the coal and, with a data acquisition time of ca 9 seconds, can be used for following many coal processes in real time. This is the first in-depth study of the application of the x-ray tomography technique to the problems in coal utilization, and consequently, considerable time will be spent in the early stages of this contract in examining CT pictures of coal and relating them to more conventional petrographic and mineral analyses. This phase of the work is being undertaken in Task 1 of the contract and is reported for this period. Building on this foundation, the succeeding tasks will follow changes in the coal structure during reaction. The first series of CT experiments is scheduled to take place on December 11-13, 1982, at the General Electric Company, Medical Systems Operation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 4 figures, 1 table.

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Conceptual IGCC power plant design. Final report, September 16, 1981-December 31, 1982. Volume II. Appendixes

Volume II contains appendices for : (1) data sources for reliability study; (2) failure mode and effects analysis for acid gas removal system; (3) reliability study data base (combustion turbine and HRSG system,5554 ); (4) environmental permitting information; and (5) environmental baseline assessment, Roy S. Nelson Station.

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Feasibility study of coal-fracture enhancement using aqueous sodium hypochlorite. Final report. [Aqueous sodium hypochlorite]

This research project was a pilot-scale simulation in the laboratory of the treatment of underground coal deposits by solutions of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in water. Sub-bituminous coal packed tightly in a steel reactor 23''long x 29''I.D. was exposed to the solution pumped through at a rate of 1 gallon per hour. Flow-pressure drop measurements were made before and after each run; from these data, permeability was calculated by means of Darcy's equation. Three runs were made - 12.3 wt% NaOCl for 16 hours; 10.9 wt% NaOCl for 17.5 hours; and in the last run, 6.5 wt% NaOCl for three 15-hour periods, followed by 11 wt% NaOCl for 15 hours. These were designated, respectively, as Runs No. 1, No. 2, and Nos. 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, and 3-4. In Run No. 1, permeability of the coal bed was increased by 6% to 13%. In Run No. 2, however, the permeability increased by a factor of 5.4 to 6.85, i.e., 440 to 585%. The increase from Run No. 1 to Run No. 2 is believed to be due to a better location of the feed inlet, plus the installation of baffles to direct the solution toward the centerline of the coal bed. Run 3-1, using relatively weak solution, showed a decrease of about 60% in permeability compared to that of the coal before treatment. Runs 3-2 and 3-3 brought the permeability back up to about 70% of the original value. Run 3-4 in which 11.0 wt% NaOCl solution was used, resulted in a 13 to 29% increase in permeability over the original value. Twenty-four thermocouples were symmetrically distributed within the coal bed. The increases of temperature due to reaction, which were different for each thermocouple, permitted the tracing of the path of maximum reaction within the coal bed. 31 figures.

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Development of a hot gas cleanup system: Final report

The overall objective of this program was to develop means for reducing the concentrations of sulfur-containing compounds and HCl in hot coal-derived fuel gas to less than 1 ppM(v). Specific tasks in the program included (1) conducting laboratory-scale studies on selected metal oxide-containing sorbents for removing sulfur- containing compounds at high temperatures, (2) conducting laboratory-scale studies on selected molten carbonate-containing sorbents for removing HCl at elevated temperatures, (3) designing and constructing a 3000 SCF/h bench-scale unit (BSU) to test preferred sorbents, (4) shipping the BSU to METC for testing there, and (5) conducting an engineering and economic assessment on the use of the tested sorbents in integrated coal gasification/combined-cycle power plants and coal gasification/molten carbonate fuel cell power plants. 19 refs., 33 figs., 30 tabs.

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Development of molten carbonate fuel cell technology: Quarterly technical progress report, April-June 1981

This report discusses progress in the areas of component development and bench-scale cell testing for molten carbonate fuel cells. In the area of component development, the following topics are discussed: Ribbed anode structure; Accelerated anode testing; Low-cost aluminate synthesis; and Non-destructive testing of electrolyte matrices. Lifegraphs and constant fuel conversion performance data are provided as results of bench-scale cell testing. (FI)

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Development of molten carbonate fuel cell technology: Quarterly technical status report, July-September 1985

This report summarizes the work performed under US Department of Energy Contract No. AC03-76ER11304 during the quarterly reporting period from July 1, 1985 through September 30, 1985. The overall objective of this program is to develop, fabricate and verify the repeating components of an internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell stack which meets the component functional requirements as specified in the contract Statement of Work. Significant progress has been made during this period in the development of a creep resistant anode, an internal reforming catalyst, NiO cathode endurance, corrosion resistant bipolar plate materials and tape cast matrix fabrication.

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Improved polymers for enhanced-oil-recovery synthesis and rheology. Fifth annual report, October 1981-September 1982

The goal of this project is to gain a more complete understanding of structure/property/performance interrelationships of water-soluble polymers which can aid industry in commercial production of polymers which are more efficient than those presently used. During the past the following have been accomplished: synthesis of model dextran-g-poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylates,5548 ); synthesis of model dextran-g-poly(acrylamide-co-sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonates,5548 ); characterization of model copolymers by elemental analysis, C-13NMR, and viscometry; study of dilute solution properties of the models including the effects of temperature, salt, pH; rheological studies of model graft copolymers; development of mathematical models, new calibration functions, analytical methods, and data acquisition techniques for aqueous size exclusion chromatography; application of quasielastic light scattering techniques to the study of hydrodynamic volume concepts; preferential and overall solvation studies of AN/NaA and AM/NaAMPS copolymers; study of phase behavior of model polymers in mono- and multivalent electrolytes at different polymer and salt concentrations as a function of temperature; education and training of students in basic energy research.

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200 Sand Steamflood Demonstration Project. Sixth annual report, June 1981-June 1982

This demonstration project was initiated in the 200 Sand Pool in the Midway-Sunset Field, California Sand Pool to demonstrate the operational, recovery, and economic aspects of steamflooding a typical heavy oil reservoir which had unfavorable response to cyclic stimulation. The scope of the project involves 5 phases: (1) pilot site monitoring and evaluation; (2) pilot area expansion; (3) site selection for expansion to full-scale project; (4) expansion to full-scale steamflood; and (5) production monitoring. After expansion and steam injection for one year, the wells are averaging 8 B/D oil and 29 B/D water per well. This rate is above the 5 BOPD for cyclic stimulation. Most of the producing wells are steam stimulated about twice a year to enhance steam breakthrough from the continuous steam. The total area has averaged 319 B/D oil and 1233 B/D water the last year. 7 figures, 1 table.

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Overburden Characterization and Post-Burn Study of the Hanna IV, Underground Coal Gasification Site, Wyoming, and Comparison to other Wyoming UCG Sites.

Analysis of 21 post-burn cores taken from the Hanna IV UCG site allows 96 m (315 ft) of overburden to be subdivided into four local stratigraphic units. The 7.6 m (25 ft) thick Hanna No. 1 coal seam is overlain by a laterally discontinuous, 3.3 m (11 ft) thick shaley mudstone (Unit A') in part of the Hanna IV site. A more widespread, 30 m (90 ft) thick well-indurated sandstone (Unit A) overlies the A'unit. Unit A is the roof rock for both of the Hanna IV cavities. Overlying Unit A is a 33 m (108 ft) thick sequence of mudstone and claystone (Unit B), and the uppermost unit at the Hanna IV site (Unit C) is a coarse-grained sandstone that ranges in thickness from 40 to 67 m (131 to 220 ft). Two elliptical cavities were formed during the two phases of the Hanna IV experiment. The larger cavity, Hanna IVa, is 45 x 15 m in plan and has a maximum height of 18 m (59 ft) from the base of the coal seam to the top of the cavity; the Hanna IVb cavity is 40 x 15 m in plan and has a maximum height of 11 m (36 ft) from the base of the coal seam to the top of the cavity. Geotechnical tests indicated that the Hanna IV overburden rocks were moderately strong to strong, based on the empirical classification of Broch and Franklin (1972), and a positive, linear correlation exists between rock strength and volume percent calcite cement. There is an inverse linear correlation between rock strength and porosity for the Hanna IV overburden rocks. 28 refs., 34 figs., 13 tabs..

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Alkaline flooding injection strategy

The objective of this project is to improved alkali-surfactant flooding methods, and this includes determining the proper design of injection strategy. Several different injection strategies have been used or suggested for recovering heavy oils with surfactant-enhanced alkaline flooding methods. Oil recovery was compared for four different injection strategies: (1) surfactant followed by polymer, (2) surfactant followed by alkaline polymer, (3) alkaline surfactant followed by polymer, and (4) alkali, surfactant, and polymer mixed in a single formulation. The effect of alkaline preflush was also studied under two different conditions. All of the oil recovery experiments were conducted under optimal conditions with a viscous, non-acidic oil from Hepler (KS) oil field. The coreflood experiments were conducted with Berea sandstone cores since field core was not available in sufficient quantity for coreflood tests. The Tucker sand of Hepler field is a Class I fluvial dominated deltaic reservoir, as classified by the Department of Energy, which has been selected as the site of a DOE-sponsored field pilot test.

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Simulator for unconventional gas resources multi-dimensional model SUGAR-MD. Volume I. Reservoir model analysis and validation

The Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center, has been supporting the development of flow models for Devonian shale gas reservoirs. The broad objectives of this modeling program are: (1) To develop and validate a mathematical model which describes gas flow through Devonian shales. (2) To determine the sensitive parameters that affect deliverability and recovery of gas from Devonian shales. (3) To recommend laboratory and field measurements for determination of those parameters critical to the productivity and timely recovery of gas from the Devonian shales. (4) To analyze pressure and rate transient data from observation and production gas wells to determine reservoir parameters and well performance. (5) To study and determine the overall performance of Devonian shale reservoirs in terms of well stimulation, well spacing, and resource recovery as a function of gross reservoir properties such as anisotropy, porosity and thickness variations, and boundary effects. The flow equations that are the mathematical basis of the two-dimensional model are presented. It is assumed that gas transport to producing wells in Devonian shale reservoirs occurs through a natural fracture system into which matrix blocks of contrasting physical properties deliver contained gas. That is, the matrix acts as a uniformly distributed gas source in a fracture medium. Gas desorption from pore walls is treated as a uniformly distributed source within the matrix blocks. 24 references.

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Methane recovery from coalbeds:  a potential energy source

This document integrates all of the available geologic and coal resource data that have been acquired in the Coalbed Methane Project over the past 5 years to determine the stratigraphic units and geographical areas wherein the methane production potential is classified as favorable. Sixteen basins were included in this compilation. Each basin is a chapter in this report. The chapter write-ups feature sections on geology, coal resource, potential methane resource and recommendations for development of the technology base needed to estimate recovery potential. Information used in the sections is supported by a list of references. The integration of these data has removed much of the uncertainty about what production potential exists and where the favorable trends are located in the basin. This will aid the producers who are considering well-drilling ventures for coalbed methane recovery. Estimates of production performance from any new wells can only be developed once fundamental reservoir property measurements are acquired. This is the next field activity required. Preliminary results of the coalbed methane resource effort show that many of the coal regions in the US have significant volumes of coalbed methane. The evaluation of the core desorption data from over 50 cooperative wells has helped DOE to refine the in-place methane estimates of the various coal regions. The summary of the methane resource estimates for 16 basins is shown in the Summary of Results Table. Based upon these initial results, the basins showing a high resource estimate of coalbed methane include the Piceance, Northern Appalachian, Central Appalachian, Powder River, and Greater Green River.

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Development of standardized air-blown coal gasifier/gas turbine concepts for future electric power systems, Volume 4

This appendix is a compilation of work done to predict overall cycle performance from gasifier to generator terminals. A spreadsheet has been generated for each case to show flows within a cycle. The spreadsheet shows gaseous or solid composition of flow, temperature of flow, quantity of flow, and heat content of flow. Prediction of steam and gas turbine performance was obtained by the computer program GTPro. Outputs of all runs for each combined cycle reviewed has been added to this appendix. A process schematic displaying all flows predicted through GTPro and the spreadsheet is also added to this appendix. The numbered bubbles on the schematic correspond to columns on the top headings of the spreadsheet.

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