AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of a co2 Flood Utilizing Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Horizontal Injection Wells in a Shallow Shelf Carbonate Approaching Waterflood Depletion

The work reported here covers Budget Phase I of the project. The principal tasks in Budget Phase I are the Reservoir Analysis and Characterization Task and the Advanced Technology Definition Task. Completion of these tasks have enabled an optimum carbon dioxide (CO2) flood project to be designed and evaluated from an economic and risk analysis standpoint. Field implementation of the project has 8 been recommended to the working interest owners of the South Cowden Unit (SCU) and approval has been obtained. The project focused on reducing initial investment cost by utilizing horizontal injection wells and concentrating the project in the best productivity area of the field. An innovative CO2 purchase agreement (no take or pay requirements, CO2 purchase price tied to West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil price) and gas recycle agreements (expensing cost as opposed to large capital investments for compression) were negotiated to further improve project economics. A detailed San Andres reservoir characterization study was completed by an integrated team of geoscientists and engineers. The study consisted of detailed core description, integration of log response to core descriptions, mapping of the major flow units, evaluation of porosity and permeability relationships, geostatistical analysis of permeability trends, and direct integration of reservoir performance with the geological interpretation. The study methodology fostered iterative bidirectional feedback between the reservoir characterization team and the reservoir  engineering/simulation team to allow simultaneous refinement and convergence of the geological interpretation with the reservoir model. The fundamental conclusion from the study was that South Cowden exhibited favorable enhanced oil recovery characteristics, particularly reservoir quality and continuity.

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RESERVOIR CLASS FIELD DEMONSTRATION

The Reservoir Class Field Demonstration Program was initiated in FY92 in response to rapidly declining domestic production and the realization that huge volumes of oil are being abandoned in reservoirs because of uneconomic production techniques. This program is just one of the critical elements of the National Oil Program necessary to move Improved Oil Recovery (lOR) technology from the conceptual stage through research, pilot scale field experiments, and full-scale field demonstrations to industry acceptance and commercialization. Both the successful results and failures of the field demonstrations will provide focus to concurrent research programs. Elements of the field demonstrations that are suitable for broad industry application are being communicated to the industry through the oil program's technology transfer effort. Significant events in the oil industry during 1998-1999, including company  repositioning, mergers, sale of fields, and personnel layoffs, have effected important changes in DOE's Class projects. Several projects have moved field locations and transferred the technology developed in Phase I to other nearby fields in Phase II. Mergers have caused several fields to be sold, and a few projects have terminated early because of these changes. The value of the research remains high, and publications and technology transfer presentations by project personnel continue to contribute a significant body of knowledge on the solution of problems in producing oil from mature domestic oil fields.

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Multiple Projects in Support of State Regulation of Domestic Petroleum Exploration and Production

The Interstate Oil and Gas Company Commission (IOGCC) successfully completed a number of projects during Fiscal Years 1998. Through2 000 in support of state regulation of domestic petroleum exploration and production. Funding through the U.S. Department of Energy enabled the IOGCC to accomplish its goals, which focused on a number of issues, including technical and training assistance, public education and regulatory and data management standardization. The IOGCC gratefully acknowledged ideas of the support received from the U.S. Department of Energy.

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Preservation of Methane Hydrate at 1 Atm

Gas hydrates, the most common terrestrial example being methane hydrate (CH4?nH2O where n g 5.75), are crystalline solids formed from the association of water and gas under certain conditions of relatively high pressure (P) and low temperature (T). They continue to generate considerable interest as globally distributed deposits harboring potential hydrocarbon reserves, as icy minerals of predicted outer-solar-system occurrence, as manufactured materials with novel industrial applications, as potential players in global issues of climate and seafloor stability, and as troublesome blockage-formers in gas pipelines.

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Advanced Characterization of Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs in Shallow Shelf Carbonate Rocks: The Michigan Success Story Summary

The main objective of the project is for a university-industry consortium, spearheaded by the Michigan Technological University, to develop a comprehensive model for fractured carbonate reservoirs using the Michigan Basin as a prototype. The model is based on the ?data cube? concept and each data cube has different types of data, such as location, geological, engineering and hydrocarbon logs, etc. Accordingly, one of the primary tasks of this project is to acquire data from the state's 50,000  gas and oil wells and compile the data in a digital format in order to draw upon the data and results of past exploration and studies of the Michigan Basin. Advantage has been taken of the recent advances in computers and software to automate plots and generate data of interest from the database of oil and gas wells in the Michigan basin. Advanced visualization software has been used to fuse and image the data on a variety of scales, ranging from basin-scale to well-scale.

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Perspectives on Deep Drilling Technology: Concerns and Challenges

Drilling and Completion Fluids - Gas Hydrate Inhibition (additives)/remediation - Problems associated with connectors and well control Deepwells  25,000in ultra-deep waste Fluid HTHP vs. HT, LT, HP combination of ultra-deep water environment  riser effect (radiator) Loss circulation material innovations for severe cases Water base muds with stable rheology, lubricity, high ROP SBM with stable rheology, lubricity, temp and inhibition which will pass minimum toxicity requirements of NPDES . LAO replacement Degradation requirements must be met by new regulations Minimum cuttings retention properties and equipment to recover base at<6-8% Drill in fluids for horizontals wells (drilling/completion) with expectable properties i.e., low solid brines with high density, stable properties (TCP) in DW environment of low temp/high temp/pressure/low temp, environmentally friendly  salt saturated Cement technology   high angle hole plugs slurries more tolerant of contamination

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Deep Trek Workshop Proceedings

The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and Sandia National Laboratories hosted the Deep Trek Workshop on March 20-21, 2001. The purpose was to gather stakeholder input on technology gaps and needs for drilling and completing deep oil and gas wells, and to determine how the DOE can collaborate with industry to meet these needs. Specific technology challenges and opportunities focused on drilling and completion fluids, completion-based well design, advanced smart drilling systems, and drilling diagnostics and sensor systems. These workshop proceedings include all speaker presentations, the breakout session products, and the participant list. The proceedings are publicly available at the NETL website: http://www.netl.doe.gov/. CDROMs can also be ordered from this site.

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FIELD DEMONSTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE MISCIBLE FLOODING IN THE LANSING-KANSAS CITY FORMATION, CENTRAL KANSAS

Progress is reported for the period from January 1, 2001 to March 31, 2001. In this quarter data were obtained for the second high pressure core from the interval 2904-2914 ft (885.14-888.19 m; task 2.2.5) and additional special core analysis was performed to measured ?irreducible? water saturation and capillary pressure (2.2.6). Rock thin sections were analyzed to reveal depositional and diagenetic properties for these oomoldic limestones similar to other L-KC oomoldic limestones (2.2.7). Measured reservoir properties data have been incorporated into the geomodel and refined reservoir flow simulation performed to predict oil recovery using CO2 flooding for a variety of flood patterns (Task 3.1).

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High-resolution seismic-reflection investigation of the northern Gulf of Mexico gas-hydrate-stability zone

We recorded high-resolution seismic-reflection data in the northern Gulf of Mexico to study gas and gas-hydrate distribution and their relation to seafloor slides. Gas hydrate is widely reported near the seafloor, but is described at only one deep drill site. Our data show high reflectivity zones (HRZs) near faults, diapirs, and gas vents and interbedded within sedimentary sections at shallow depth (,1 km). The HRZs lie below the gas-hydrate-stability zone (GHSZ) as well as within the zone (less common), and they coincide with zones of shallow water-flows. Bottom simulating reflections are rare in the Gulf, and not documented in our data. We infer HRZs result largely from free gas in sandy beds, with gas hydrate within the GHSZ. Our estimates for the base BHSZ correlate reasonably with the top of HRZs in some thick well-layered basin sections, but poorly where shallow sediments are thin and strongly deformed. The equivocal correlation results from large natural variability of parameters that are used to calculate the base of the GHSZ. The HRZs may, however, be potential indicators of nearby gas hydrate. The HRZs also lie at the base of at least two large seafloor slides (e.g. up to 250 km2) that may be actively moving along decollement faults that sole within the GHSZ or close to the estimated base of the GHSZ. We suspect that water/gas flow along these and other faults such as ?chimney? features provide gas to permit crystallization of gas hydrate in the GHSZ. Such flows weaken sediment that slide down salt-over steepened slopes when triggered by earthquakes.

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Scaleup of mild gasification to be a process development. Quarterly report, February 1995--May 1995

The work performed during the Fourteenth quarterly reporting period (February 21 through May 20, 1995) on the research program, {open_quotes}Scale-Up of Mild Gasification to a Process Development Unit{close_quotes} is presented in this report. The overall objective of this project is to develop the IGT Mild-Gasification (MILDGAS) process for near-term commercialization. The specific objectives of the program are to: (1) design, construct, and operate a 24-tons/day adiabatic process development unit (PDU) to obtain process performance data suitable for further design scaleup; (2) obtain large batches of coal-derived co-products for industrial evaluation; (3) prepare a detailed design of a demonstration unit; and (4) develop technical and economic plans for commercialization of the MILDGAS process. The project team that is performing the initial phases of the PDU development are: Kerr-McGee Coal Corporation (K-M Coal), the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT), Bechtel Corporation (Bechtel), and Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC). The MILDGAS process is a continuous closed system for producing liquid and solid (char) co-products at mild operating conditions up to 50 psig and 1300{degrees}F. It is capable of processing a wide range of both eastern caking and western noncaking coals. The 1 ton/hr PDU facility that is to be constructed is comprised of a 2.5-ft ID adiabatic gasifier for the production of gases, coal liquids, and char; a three-stage condensation train to condense and store the liquid products; and coal feeding and char handling equipment. The facility will also incorporate support equipment for environmentally acceptable disposal of process waste. This quarter, the formal HAZOP review was completed and a report detailing action items for resolution by the parties responsible was prepared.

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Advanced turbine systems program conceptual design and product development task 5 -- market study of the gas fired ATS. Topical report

Solar Turbines Incorporated (Solar), in partnership with the Department of Energy, will develop a family of advanced gas turbine-based power systems (ATS) for widespread commercialization within the domestic and international industrial marketplace, and to the rapidly changing electric power generation industry. The objective of the jointly-funded Program is to introduce an ATS with high efficiency, and markedly reduced emissions levels, in high numbers as rapidly as possible following introduction. This Topical Report is submitted in response to the requirements outlined in Task 5 of the Department of Energy METC Contract on Advanced Combustion Systems, Contract No, DE AC21-93MC30246 (Contract), for a Market Study of the Gas Fired Advanced Turbine System. It presents a market study for the ATS proposed by Solar, and will examine both the economic and siting constraints of the ATS compared with competing systems in the various candidate markets. Also contained within this report is an examination and analysis of Solar`s ATS and its ability to compete in future utility and industrial markets, as well as factors affecting the marketability of the ATS.

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IGCC repowering project clean coal II project public design report. Annual report, October 1992--September 1993

Combustion Engineering, Inc. (CE) is participating in a $270 million coal gasification combined cycle repowering project that was designed to provide a nominal 60 MW of electricity to City, Water, Light and Power (CWL&P) in Springfield, Illinois. The Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) system consists of CE`s air-blown entrained flow two-stage gasifier; an advanced hot gas cleanup system; a combustion turbine adapted to use low-BTU gas; and all necessary coal handling equipment, The project is currently completing the second budget period of five. The major activities to date are: (1) Establishment of a design, cost, and schedule for the project; (2) Establishment of financial commitments; (3) Acquire design and modeling data; (4) Establishment of an approved for design (AFD) engineering package; (5) Development of a detailed cost estimate; (6) Resolution of project business issues; (7) CWL&P renewal and replacement activities; and (8) Application for environmental air permits. A Project Management Plan was generated, The conceptual design of the plant was completed and a cost and schedule baseline for the project was established in Budget Period One. This information was used to establish AFD Process Flow Diagrams, Piping and Instrument Diagrams, Equipment Data Sheets, material take offs, site modification plans and other information necessary to develop a plus or minus 20% cost estimate. Environmental permitting activities were accomplished, including the Air Permit Application, completion of the National Environmental Policy Act process, and the draft Environmental Monitoring Plan. At the end of 1992 the DOE requested that Duke Engineering and Services Inc., (DESI) be used to complete the balance of plant cost estimate. DESI was retained to do this work, DESI completed the material take off estimate and included operations, maintenance, and startup in the estimate.

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Utilization of lightweight materials made from coal gasification slags. Quarterly report, March 1995--May 1995

Integrated-gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) technology is an emerging technology that utilizes coal for power generation and production of chemical feedstocks. However, this process generates large amounts of solid waste, consisting of vitrified ash (slag) along with some unconverted carbon, which is disposed of as solid waste. In previous projects, Praxis investigated the utilization of {open_quotes}as-generated{close_quotes} slags for a wide variety of applications in road construction, cement and concrete production, agricultural applications, and as a landfill material. From these studies, we found that it would be extremely difficult for {open_quotes}as-generated{close_quotes} slag to find large-scale acceptance in the marketplace even at no cost because the materials it could replace were abundantly available at very low cost. It became apparent that a more promising approach would be to develop a variety of value-added products from slag that meet specific industry requirements. This approach was made feasible by the discovery that slag could be made into a lightweight material by controlled heating in a kiln at temperatures between 1400 and 1700{degrees}F. These results indicated the potential for using such materials as substitutes for conventional lightweight aggregates (LWA). The technology to produce lightweight and ultra-lightweight aggregates (ULWA) from slag was subsequently developed by Praxis with funding from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Illinois Clean Coal Institute (ICCI), and internal resources. The major objectives of the subject project, funded by DOE`s Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC), are to demonstrate the technical and economic viability of commercial production of LWA and ULWA from slag and to test the suitability of these aggregates for various applications.

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CE IGCC Repowering Project: Use of the Lockheed Kinetic Extruder for coal feeding; Topical report, June 1993

ABB CE is evaluating alternate methods of coal feed across a pressure barrier for its pressurized coal gasification process. The Lockheed Kinetic Extruder has shown to be one of the most promising such developments. In essence, the Kinetic Extruder consists of a rotor in a pressure vessel. Coal enters the rotor and is forced outward to the surrounding pressure vessel by centrifugal force. The force on the coal passing across the rotor serves as a pressure barrier. Should this technology be successfully developed and tested, it could reduce the cost of IGCC technology by replacing the large lockhoppers conventionally used with a much smaller system. This will significantly decrease the size of the gasifier island. Kinetic Extruder technology needs testing over an extended period of time to develop and prove the long term reliability and performance needed in a commercial application. Major issues to be investigated in this program are component design for high temperatures, turn-down, scale-up factors, and cost. Such a test would only be economically feasible if it could be conducted on an existing plant. This would defray the cost of power and feedstock. Such an installation was planned for the CE IGCC Repowering Project in Springfield, Illinois. Due to budgetary constraints, however, this provision was dropped from the present plant design. It is believed that, with minor design changes, a small scale test version of the Kinetic Extruder could be installed parallel to an existing lockhopper system without prior space allocation. Kinetic Extruder technology represents significant potential cost savings to the IGCC process. For this reason, a test program similar to that specified for the Springfield project would be a worthwhile endeavor.

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Reservoir Characterization for the CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery Process

This report summarizes progress in a research effort to quantify the effects of nonuniform flow on displacement performance in CO{sub 2} floods. Results are reported in five areas: (1) phase behavior, fluid properties and characterization of crude oils; (2) interactions of phase behavior and multiphase flow in one dimension; (3) interaction of viscous instability and flow in heterogeneous porous media; (4) detection of reservoir heterogeneity; and (5) representation of reservoir heterogeneity. 186 refs., 258 figs., 39 tabs.

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Imaging, Modeling, Measurement and Scaling of Multiphase Flow Processes

The objective of the Imaging, Modeling, Measurement and Scaling project is to develop new and innovative logging tools or methodologies for much more rapid and accurate measurement of the petrophysical properties and fluid flow characteristics of the formations being studied. The study is basic research and is still in progress. Multiple approaches are being used in attempts to find new and innovative ways to log, analyze, characterize and model reservoir formations on site, saving large amounts of costly rig time, shipping fees and expensive, time-consuming laboratory tests. Lawrence Berkeley (LBL) has been successful in setting up a new, state-of-the-art imaging laboratory with an X-ray CT and linear scanner, an NMR, a centrifuge and a petrographic image analysis (PIA) device. A cooperative agreement for lab time has also been established with the Advanced Light Source and Acoustic groups at Berkeley and with Chevron. The cancellation of plans for new equipment at one of these cooperating laboratories has slowed the program temporarily while new equipment was constructed at LBL. It is anticipated that any new tool or process will be used in both exploration and development drilling. The goal is for the tool or process to be inexpensive enough for use in older fields to prevent the premature abandonment of mature reservoirs. A production increase of just ? of 1% from the ?discovered but unrecoverable? oil in the U S would mean gains of 1.75 billion barrels of additional domestic production. In addition, a corps of new geophysical specialists and logging engineers will be employed by the service companies using the tool or process.

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Short Contact Time Direct Coal Liquefaction Using a Novel Batch Reactor

The primary objective of this research is to optimize the design and operation of the bench scale batch reactor (SCTBR) for studying direct coal liquefaction at short contact times (.01 to 10 minutes or  longer). Additional  objectives  are to study the kinetics of direct coal liquefaction particularly at short reaction times and to investigate the role of organic oxygen components of coal and their reaction pathways during coal liquefaction.  Many of those objectives have already been achieved.     This quarterly report discusses further kinetic studies of the liquefaction  in tetralin of a Montana Lignite,  Wyodak-Anderson subbituminous coal,  Illinois #6 hv bituminous coal, Pittsburgh #8 hv bituminous coals,  and Pocohontas lV bituminous coal at short contact times.   All of these coals showed a distinct extraction stage.  Further work has also been done to attempt to clarify the role  of the liquefaction solvent in the direct liquefaction process.

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Alternative Fuels and Chemicals From Synthesis Gas

The overall objectives of this program are to investigate potential technologies for the conversion of synthesis gas to oxygenated and hydrocarbon fuels and industrial chemicals, and to demonstrate the most promising technologies at DOE's LaPorte, Texas, Slurry Phase Alternative Fuels Development Unit (AFDU). The program will involve a continuation of the work performed under the Alternative Fuels from Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas Program and will draw upon information and technologies generated in parallel current and future DOE-funded contracts.

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Advanced Oil Recovery Technologies for Improved Recovery From Slope Basin Clastic Reservoirs, Nash Draw Brushy Canyon Pool, Eddy County, New Mexico

The overall goal of this project is to demonstrate that an advanced development drilling and pressure maintenance program based on advanced reservoir management methods can significantly improve oil recovery. The plan included developing a control area using standard reservoir management techniques and comparing its performance to an area developed using advanced methods. A key goal is to transfer advanced methodologies to oil and gas producers in the Permian Basin and elsewhere, and throughout the US oil and gas industry.

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