AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Ultra fine grinding of low-rank coal. Progress report, January-May 1985

The lignite used for Phase I of the project will be a Texas lignite from the Martin Lake mine. A test plan has been submitted to the GFPO outlining the specific grinding tests to be run in the fluid-energy mill. The primary grinding fluid will be steam, but ambient air will also be used in one run to provide an expanded data base. The data from these tests will consist of properties of ultra finely ground lignite samples and energy usage measurements. The energy usage will be deduced from temperature, pressure and flow rate measurements at various locations in the mill system. These data will be collected on a microprocessor based data acquisition system which is currently being assembled and tested. A detailed literature review has been conducted to assess the state-of-the-art in ultra fine pulverization of solids and the properties of ultra fine ground coal. The literature surveyed includes technical papers and commercial vendor information. The capacities and power consumption of commercially available equipment are being tabulated. The mill types being considered are conventional tumbling mills (ball, rod, tube, cone), vibratory mills, impact mills, attrition mills and fluid-energy mills.

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Experience with various plant systems from August 1983 to March 1984

The Experimental Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Project at Grimethorpe, South Yorkshire, England has produced reports covering the design, installation, commissioning, operation and performance of the Facility equipment. These reports were produced throughout the Project's history. This report serves to update the operating experience and modifications of certain systems from the issue of specific reports up to the end of operations in March 1984. The particular equipment systems which form the scope of this report are: Fuel Feeding System, Combustor, Main Heat Exchanger, Ash Transfer System, Back-end Valves, Research Instrumentation, and Cyclone Quench Vessels. 28 refs., 33 figs., 10 tabs.

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Fuel preparation plant performance and modifications, April 1983-March 1984

The Fuel Preparation Plant processes raw coal by crushing, drying, cooling and screening and mixes this in a predetermined ratio with a sulphur absorbing agent (dolomite or limestone). This mixture is used as feed for the Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustor at Grimethorpe. The plant contains two systems for the pneumatic conveying of solids: one for transport of the prepared raw coal to an intermediate storage silo and one for the transport of blended coal/sorbent mixture from the Fuel Preparation Plant to the Main Facility building. This report covers the period from April 1983 to March 1984, which completes this phase of the facility's operation. New systems for pneumatic conveying and a new primary screen for raw coal were commissioned and operated. Details of the operation and subsequent minor modifications are included. Existing operation/equipment problems which were still experienced after April 1983 were mainly solved and the system was brought up to a standard where coal processing became satisfactory. 2 refs., 21 figs., 3 tabs.

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Reaction kinetics of fuel formation for in-situ combustion

In-situ combustion is receiving new interest as a viable alternative to the other thermal methods of heavy crude oil recovery. In this method, thermal energy is generated in-situ by creating an oil combustion zone that is driven through the reservoir by continuous air injection. While the various oil oxidation reactions have been adequately studied and modeled, little information is available regarding the fuel formation process that takes place ahead of the combustion zone. The goal of this study was to investigate the reactions that contribute to this process and obtain generalized kinetic equations for them. An experimental apparatus was built wherein a small sample of an oil/sand mixture can be pyrolyzed at a constant rate of heating, to temperatures normally encountered in combustion field applications, while nitrogen is continuously sweeping the sample. The effect on fuel formation of pressure, rate of heating, porous medium composition, and type of oil were investigated in an experimental program totaling 12 runs. Data from previously made oxidation experiments were also used. General conclusions reached in this study are: (1) the fuel is formed as a result of two successive cracking reactions that the oil undergoes at temperatures above 550/sup 0/F; distillation of crude oil at temperatures below 550/sup 0/F plays an important role in shaping the nature and extent of the cracking reactions; (3) the operating pressure and rate of heating affect the fuel formation process only through the influences exerted on distillation; (4) clay minerals have a catalytic effect on the cracking reactions, especially on coking; and (5) the asphaltene fraction of a crude oil is a parameter which correlates with the fuel content of that oil. 51 refs., 73 figs., 21 tabs.

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First annual heat engines contractors meeting: proceedings

The first annual heat engines contractors meeting was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center, P.O. Box 880, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505. It was held at the Sheraton Lakeview, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, May 1 to 3, 1984. Thirty-three papers have been entered individually into EDB and ERA; one had been entered previously from other sources. (LTN)

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Interdisciplinary Gas Hydrate Literature Bibliography. Revision. [732 bibliographic citations]

Approximately one-half of the entries are concerned with the general geology of high-hydrate potential regions, permafrost characterization, and the chemistry of clathrate compounds. Natural gas hydrate-specific literature is relatively rare, although more articles appear each month. Reports of modeling work, laboratory investigations, field experiences, and incidences of natural core recovery have increased steadily as interest in natural gas hydrates grows. These entries in this bibliography include current journal articles, books, reports, proceedings, conference or symposium papers, and foreign publications. Some of these publications date back to 1823. For the researcher or interested individual, this bibliography is a resource that includes information on general and specific hydrate characterization, history and state-of-the-art exploration, and gas production activities.

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Evaluation of corrosion/erosion behavior of various ceramic materials. Final report, September 1, 1980-June 30, 1983

The purpose of this program is to provide a screening property data base for ceramic materials that have potential use as structural components in advanced heat engines such as gas turbines and diesel engines. Thus far, on this program and its predecessor, AFML Contract F33615-75-C-5196, a total of over sixty materials (mainly Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ and SiC) have been evaluated. A DOE-sponsored corrosion/erosion study, ''Evaluation of Corrosion/Erosion Behavior of Various Ceramic Materials,''forms part of this program. As a phase of the overall DOE CTR Program (Ceramic Technology Readiness Development), various candidate ceramic materials were exposed in a test facility at METC, the DOE Morgantown Energy Technology Center. The purpose of this phase of the DOE CTR program is to provide initial corrosion/erosion data on candidate ceramic materials for use in large utility gas turbines burning coal-derived fuels. The METC tests exposed test samples to the products of combustion (POC) of producer gas. IITRI's role in this work is pre-exposure baseline characterization of microstructure and properties, and the post-exposure hot-corrosion study. The hot-corrosion study evaluates surface scale morphology, identifies corrosion products, permits computation of recession data, evaluates damage to the matrix material below the corrosion layer, measures retained strength, and documents changes in critical strength-controlling flaws as a function of exposure condition. Scanning electron microscopy is used extensively. From this information, attempts are made to identify the degradation mechanism for each candidate material. 11 refs., 66 figs., 20 tabs.

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SUGARWAT: users guide and documentation

SUGARWAT is a two-dimensional, two-phase reservoir model which may be used to simulate the flow of both gas and water in porous media. SUGARWAT is a fully implicit, finite-difference model which utilizes a direct solution technique. The model has been specifically designed to simulate dual-porosity systems, i.e., naturally fractured reservoirs; however, it may also be used to represent single-porosity systems as well. SUGARWAT is an extremely versatile model. It may be used for both single-well and multi-well (field-type) simulations. Several different reservoir grid systems are available, including a radial cross-sectional geometry, a rectangular cross-sectional geometry, and a rectangular areal (plan view) geometry. For both single-well and multi-well simulations, an induced hydraulic fracture may be modeled. Thus, in the dual-porosity mode, the effects of both natural fractures and hydraulic fracturing may be simulated. The ability to model gas desorption from the pore walls of the matrix is also included. Rate options available for individual wells include constant pressure production, constant rate gas production, constant rate water injection, and constant rate gas injection. The purpose of this document is to acquaint users of SUGARWAT with the model's many capabilities; to instruct them on how to run the model and interpret the results; and to provide information concerning the theoretical development, mathematical formulation, and validation of the model. This manual also provides helpful hints to improve both user efficiency and the model efficiency. For example, a number of default values are suggested to be used as input data for values which users may not be able to obtain. 7 refs., 15 figs., 6 tabs.

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Oxidation and explosive limits of low-rank coal

The principal objective of this study was to determine oxidation rates, flammability (explosive) limits and flame propagation rates of finely divided, low-rank, subbituminous coal from the Decker, Montana mine and to relate these data to the physical and chemical properties of the coal. The four basic tasks of the study were: (1) coal collection and preparation, (2) coal characterization, (3) rapid oxidation and flammability measurements, and (4) data reduction and reporting. Research methods are briefly described and data are appended.

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Commercial gasifier for IGCC applications study report

This was a scoping-level study to identify and characterize the design features of fixed-bed gasifiers appearing most important for a gasifier that was to be (1) potentially commercially attractive, and (2) specifically intended for us in integrated coal gasification/combined-cycle (IGCC) applications. It also performed comparative analyses on the impact or value of these design features and on performance characteristics options of the whole IGCC system since cost, efficiency, environmental traits, and operability -- on a system basis -- are what is really important. The study also reviewed and evaluated existing gasifier designs, produced a conceptual-level gasifier design, and generated a moderately advanced system configuration that was utilized as the reference framework for the comparative analyses. In addition, technical issues and knowledge gaps were defined. 70 figs., 31 tabs.

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Evaluation of micellar-polymer flood projects in a highly saline environment in the El Dorado field

Two different micellar processes were conducted in the El Dorado Field in an effort to develop an EOR method for reducing the high oil saturation after waterflooding. Each process was field tested on adjacent 25 acre blocks of four 5-spot patterns. This report reviews the field performance, geology, formation evaluation, and laboratory support tests for the field tests. Both processes failed to recover additional oil, primarily because of unavoidable exposure to and mixing with divalent ions. An unusual oil saturation distribution also contributed to the failure. Unfortunately, these conditions could have been predicted from study of previous air, water, and steam injection projects in the field. 35 refs., 46 figs., 10 tabs.

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High temperature fiber optics. Final report, June 18, 1985-February 18, 1986

The ability to grow continuous lengths of sapphire fiber optic filament in a controlled and reproducible manner was demonstrated through growth of consistent lengths exceeding five meters in length. In total, over sixty meters of filament was grown, with over thirty-nine meters delivered to METC. As discussed within this study, a number of variables can affect the optical transmission level of a sapphire filament. Measurement of the effect of these various parameters was accomplished through relative measurements and ranking of experimental sample groups. These qualitative evaluation techniques limited the ability to pinpoint cause/effect relationships, and restricted the ability to optimize the fiber optic filament growth process. To more fully optimize the growth process, the ability to reproducibly analyze numerous samples should be established. Further optimization of the growth process would include studying the effect of raw material and atmosphere on the optical quality of the fiber. The lowest transmission loss measured was 13.67 dB/meter. Evaluation results for the final twenty meters will further define the consistency of the sample preparation and transmission measurement techniques, while also further demonstrating the consistency of the grown sapphire filament. 4 figs.

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Developmental research study of coal-fines agglomeration for fixed-bed gasification. Final report

This report presents the results of an intensive program to develop and evaluate agglomerates made from coal fines for use in a fixed-bed gasifier. There were several tasks completed earlier and their results published prior to this final report. These included: Task 1-A, a literature survey of coal agglomeration, binders and techniques used in coal agglomeration, coal and binder treatments and the results of work done by others; Task 1-B, an examination of performance of lump coals in coal gasification, testing and evaluation of the properties of these coals, and evaluation of mine site coal upgrading methods; and Task 1-C/D, a laboratory investigation of coal agglomerates, including wafers, briquettes and pellets, in which the agglomerated coal fines were formed and tested, and the performance of various coal/binder combinations was recorded and evaluated, and factors affecting commercial scale coal agglomeration and gasification were evaluated. These three prior tasks are presented in this report in condensed form.

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Development of turbodrill tachometer. Final report

The objective of the study was to develop a tachometer for use with the METC turbodrills. Tachometers are needed to allow efficient operation of the turbodrills. The operating speed of the turbodrills is now unknown, resulting occasionally in excessive operating speeds and rapid bit wear. In some applications, good tachometers could increase the footage drilled per bit run and greatly reduce drilling costs. This project resulted in the successful testing of a prototype turbodrill tachometer. The tachometer utilizes a set of partially blanked turbine blades in the motor section of the turbodrill which produce one pressure pulse each time the turbodrill rotates one revolution. The pressure pulses are transmitted through the drilling mud in the drill pipe to the surface where they are detected and processed. The frequency of the pulse signals is a direct measure of the turbodrill rotary speed. Numerous laboratory tests of the pulse tachometer were conducted at Maurer Engineering's turbodrill facility in Houston, Texas. Motor test stand comparisons of the mud pulse tachometer with direct magnetic and optical tachometers usually demonstrated excellent agreement. The tachometer performed well at depths in excess of 10,000 feet in Los Alamos Scientific Laboratories'EE-2 geothermal well. Water was used as the drilling fluid in these tests. The tachometer allowed continual monitoring and control of the LASL turbodrill speed. This attributed, in large part, to the success of the LASL turbodrills. Over 20 successful turbodrill boreholes were made using the tachometer. Although attenuatin is greater in viscous drilling mud than in water, theory indicates that the pulse tachometer should be effective with viscous muds even at depths of 10,000 to 20,000 feet.

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Proceedings of the unconventional gas recovery contractors review meeting

This document contains papers that were presented at the Department of Energy's contract review meeting on Eastern Gas Shales, Western Gas Sands, Deep Source Gas, Gas Hydrates, and Arctic/Offshore Research, which was hosted by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center on July 28 and 29, 1987, at the Sheraton Lakeview Conference Center, in Morgantown, West Virginia. The objectives of this conference were the following: to review the current status in various research activities; and to promote technical information exchange among researchers. One hundred seventy-five registrants from academia, industry, and national laboratories joined contractors and DOE researchers in attendance. Fifty-four presentations, a general session, and a poster session covering the Unconventional Gas Recovery program and related activities in geoscience, reservoir science, and physical/chemical science were included in the 2-day meeting. Selected papers have been processed for inclusion in the Energy Data Base.

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Activities of the Oil Implementation Task Force; Contracts for field projects and supporting research on enhanced oil recovery, July--September 1990

The report contains a general introduction and background to DOE's revised National Energy Strategy Advanced Oil Recovery Program and activities of the Oil Implementation Task Force; a detailed synopsis of the symposium, including technical presentations, comments and suggestions; a section of technical information on deltaic reservoirs; and appendices containing a comprehensive listing of references keyed to general deltaic and geological aspects of reservoirs and those relevant to six selected deltaic plays. Enhanced recovery processes include chemical floodings, gas displacement, thermal recovery, geoscience, and microbial recovery.

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Pilot-scale used oil re-refining using a solvent treatment/distillation process

Approximately 1000 gallons of used automotive lubricating oil were collected from service stations in the Bartlesville region. This oil was then processed using the patented technology developed by the Bartlesville Energy Technology Center (BETC) in earlier work. The resulting lube oil basestock was tested by both physical and chemical analytical techniques and rigorous engine sequence tests. The end product was a high-quality lubricating oil which passed all requirements for SE service. Analyses of the oil are presented at the end of each stage of processing to demonstrate the effects of that phase. 7 figures, 18 tables.

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Biological degradation of low-rank coal: Final report

The principal objective of this research project as to investigate the potential for anaerobic bioconversion of low-rank coal. The research was divided into three phases, including: (a) assessment of biodegradation and coal chemistry, (b) anaerobic bioconversion of ''model''low-rank coal constituents; and (c) anaerobic bioconversion of coal. A literature review of coal chemistry and microbially-mediated processes related to coal bioconversion was performed. Initial lab studies were conducted with selected ''model''compounds, including simple aromatic constituents (phenol, cresol, catechol) as well as more complex aromatic compounds (naphthol, 9-phenanthrol, dibenzothiophene) which may be components of low-rank coal. Analytical procedures were developed for efficient extraction, separation and quantization of the test ''model''compounds. Additional studies with a benzene-derived extract of a low-rank coal sample were performed. Extraction and quantization procedures were developed to assess bioconversion potential. Preliminary toxicity experiments with ''model''compounds revealed partial inhibition of growth of selected pure bacterial cultures as well as inhibition of microbial consortia at concentrations above those used in our test system. For most of the test compounds, little or no inhibition (toxicity) was noted. Overall results suggest that complex aromatic constituents which may be representative of low-rank coal structure are relatively recalcitrant to microbial attack by natural microbial populations. 88 refs., 14 figs., 23 tabs.

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Design, construction, operation and evaluation of a Prototype Culm Combustion Boiler/Heater Unit. Quarterly technical progress report, October 1-December 31, 1982

This report provides a summary of the work performed on the Prototype Culm Combustion Boiler/Heater Unit, Phase I - Engineering Design and Analysis, Phase II - Prototype Plant Construction and Phase III - Start-Up and Operation during the period October 1, 1982 through December 31, 1982. The objectives of the program as well as the technical progress and problem areas encountered during the reporting period are presented. The Extended Test Program continued throughout the reporting period. A planned shutdown for installation of additional boiler freeboard refractory occurred in mid-December after which operation resumed. An additional 1824-1/2 hours of operation were accumulated during the reporting period bringing the total boiler operating time through the end of this quarter to 7580 hours. The plant availability from the start-up on August 9, 1982 up to the mid-December shutdown continued very high at 99.75%. The results of the plant inspection and maintenance during the mid-December shutdown are discussed. Steam was delivered to the User (Cellu Products) during this time to generate steam revenue.

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Nested-fiber filter for high-temperature and high-pressure particulate removal: Final report

Battelle developed a novel Nested Fiber Filter (NFF) for high- temperature and high-pressure particulate removal. This concept uses metallic fibers to form an interlocking nest with high voltage, and therefore low gas pressure drop at face velocities of 200 feet per minute. This pressure drop compares to that for typical bag filters with face velocities of 2--4 fpm. The high throughput of the NFF greatly reduces the required equipment volume and the associated capital cost. This project has established the collection mechanisms, cold model filtration and cleaning, and performance at high temperature (1600 F) and high pressure (6 atmospheres). Collection efficiencies are greater than 99 percent for a wide range of operating conditions. The performance criteria upon which the NFF was measured are: (1) the New Source Performance Standards and (2) turbine specifications. The NFF can meet both. Applications include Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion, Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle and the coal-fired gas turbine. 9 refs., 35 figs., 8 tabs.

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