AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Naturally fractured tight gas reservoir detection optimization: Piceance Basin

Natural fracture intensity and diversity of orientation are requirements for commercial production from tight gas reservoirs. The ability to find and define these open natural fractures in advance of drilling represents the major challenge for continued development of these low permeability reservoirs. Since tectonic fractures are frequently caused by subtle basement structures, the Naturally Fractured Tight Gas Reservoir Optimization project is focused on techniques that can identify basement features and thereby locate the overlying fractured reservoirs.

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APPLICATION OF ADVANCED RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION,SIMULATION AND PROCDUCTION Optimization STRATEGIES TO MAXIMIZE RECOVERY IN SLOPE AND BASIN CLASTIC RESERVOIRS,WEST TEXAS(Delaware BASIN)

The objective of this Class III project is to demonstrate that detailed reservoir characterization of clastic reservoirs in basinal sandstones of the Delaware Mountain Group in the Delaware Basin of West Texas and New Mexico is a cost-effective way to recover more of the original oil in place by strategic infill-well placement and geologically based field development. Reservoirs in the Delaware Mountain Group have low producibility (average recovery <14 percent of the original oil in place) because of a high degree of vertical and lateral heterogeneity caused by depositional processes and post-depositional digenetic modification. Detailed correlations of the Ramsey sandstone reservoirs in Geraldine Ford field suggest that lateral sandstone continuity is less than interpreted by previous studies. The degree of lateral heterogeneity in the reservoir sandstones suggests that they were deposited by eolian-derived turbidites. According to the eolian-derived turbidite model, sand dunes migrated across the exposed shelf to the shelf break during sea-level lowstands and provided well sorted sand for turbidity currents or grain flows into the deep basin.

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Application of Advanced Reservoir Characterization, Simulation, and Production Optimization Strategies to Maximize Recovery in Slope and Basin Clastic Reservoirs, West Texas

The objective of this Class III project is to demonstrate that detailed reservoir characterization of clastic reservoirs in basinal sandstones of the Delaware Mountain Group in the Delaware Basin of West Texas and New Mexico is a cost-effective way to recover more of the original oil in place by strategic infill-well placement and geologically based field development. Reservoirs in the Delaware Mountain Group have low producibility because of a high degree of vertical and lateral heterogeneity caused by depositional processes and post-depositional diagenetic modification. Detailed correlations of the Ramsey sandstone reservoirs in Geraldine Ford field suggest that lateral sandstone continuity is less than interpreted by previous studies. The degree of lateral heterogeneity in the reservoir sandstones suggests that they were deposited by eolian-derived turbidites. According to the eolian-derived turbidite model, sand dunes migrated across the exposed shelf to the shelf break during sea-level lowstands and provided well sorted sand for turbidity currents or grain flows into the deep basin.

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Coordinated Strategic Plan for the Oil, Natural Gas, and Related Environmental Technology RD&D Programs

The United States depends on oil and gas for approximately 63 percent of the energy it consumes. Many forecasts project that relatively low oil and gas prices and high U.S. dependency on these fuels will continue well into the next century. The economic benefits of having strong oil and gas industries that create export-related jobs supports the competitive economy required for global market competition in the twenty-first century and simultaneously provides low-priced domestic oil and gas fuels. A coordinated strategy has been developed to help achieve the Department of Energy's Oil Technology, Natural Gas Research, and related Environmental Research, Development, and Demonstration (RD&D) Program goals that support projected demand. Further, because of tightening budgets and generally reduced implementation resources, the strategy was formed to help attain the goals and attendant economic benefits using minimum resources and without unacceptable environmental costs or national security risks.

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The Leading Edge Vol 15 No. 8

Objectives of the U.S. DOE?s research, Natural fracture characteristics and effects, Shear-wave amplitude anomalies in south-central Wyoming, Azimuthal anisotropy in P-wave 3-D (multiazimuth) data, Correlation between P-wave AVOA and S-wave traveltime anisotropy in a naturally fractured gas reservoir, Problems in the analysis of multicomponent VSP data, Naturally fractured tight gas reservoir detection optimization: Piceance Basin, Utilizing crosswell, single well and pressure transient tests for characterizing fractured gas reservoirs

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Shear-wave amplitude anomalies in south-central Wyoming

Amoco recently acquired four surface-seismic shear-wave lines, four multicomponent VSP's and three crossed-dipole sonic logs in south-central Wyoming. A feature of this region is that areas of increased gas production correlate with areas of increased fracturing. After seismic processing of the shear-wave lines, it was observed that reductions in the relative amplitude of the slow shear-wave (S2) seismic section with respect to the fast shear-wave (S1) section correlate with areas of greater gas production. These amplitude anomalies are attributed to anisotropy due to the preferential alignment of vertical fractures where S1 is polarized parallel to the fracture azimuth and S2 is polarized perpendicular to the fractures. Furthermore, preferred directions of fast shear-wave polarization, and hence fracture strike, derived from crossed-dipole sonic logs and multicomponent VSPs are in agreement with the directions determined from the surface seismic. Modeling of wave propagation effects due to the anisotropy illustrates how enhanced open fracturing may cause shear-wave amplitude anomalies. Seismic waveforms are sensitive to the fracture density and orientation and the nature of the material within the fractures. The modeling also shows that the range of offsets used in stacking shear-wave data must be carefully selected. Locations of polarity reversals and the onset of critical reflections can vary dramatically with fracturing.

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Natural fracture characteristics and effects

Natural fractures of one type or another are typical of hydrocarbon reservoirs in virtually all structural settings, from tightly folded strata to otherwise undeformed, flat lying formations. However, since different structures impose fracture-forming stresses onto the strata in different ways, significantly different fracture intensities and patterns may be produced in different settings. Moreover, not all fractures of a given set are equal in length, aperture, or height (and therefore in their effect on permeability or seismic signal), even if they formed in the same stress regime: The range of apertures or lengths within a fracture set, for example, may consist of numerous narrow and/or short fractures and a few wide, long ones. This paper briefly discusses "regional" fractures, fractures that are common as relatively regular, extensive, parallel to subparallel features over wide areas within relatively undeformed strata (Figure 1).

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Correlation between P-wave AVOA and S-wave traveltime anisotropy in a naturally fractured gas reservoir

A reservoir characterization study of Upper Green River gas reservoirs in the Bluebell- Altamont Field, in the Uinta Basin, Utah was completed in August 1995 for the U.S. Department of Energy. The study included acquisition of two crossing 2D, 9-C seismic lines, 9-C VSP, and evaluation of the P-wave and S-wave seismic responses to the fractured reservoirs. Lynn et al. (TLE, August 1995) reported P-wave amplitude variations with offset and azimuth (AVOA) at seismic reflectors associated with fractured Upper Green River gas reservoirs in this field, and supporting observations of shear-wave birefringence in multicomponent VSPs and surface reflection seismic. This paper documents the proportional relationship observed between the difference in the P-wave AVO gradients with azimuth and the magnitude of the S-wave birefringence, estimated from the two multicomponent reflection seismic lines, evaluated at the line intersection.

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APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT AND RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION TO OPTIMIZE INFILL DRILLING

This project has used a multi-disciplinary approach employing geology, geophysics, and engineering to conduct advanced reservoir characterization and management activities to design and implement an optimized infill drilling program at the North Robertson (Clearfork) Unit in Gaines County, Texas. The activities during the first Budget Period consisted of developing an integrated reservoir description from geological, engineering, and geostatistical studies, and using this description for reservoir flow simulation. Specific reservoir management activities were identified and tested. The geologically targeted infill drilling program currently being implemented is a result of this work

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CONTRACTS FOR FIELD PROJECTS AND SUPPORTING RESEARCH ON ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

This project has two general objectives. The first objective is to compare the effectiveness of gels in fluid diversion with those of other types of processes. Several different types of fluid-diversion processes are being compared, including those using gels, foams, emulsions, and particulates. The ultimate goals of these comparisons are to (1) establish which of these processes is most effective in a given application and (2) determine whether aspects of one process can be combined with those of other processes to improve performance. Analyses are being performed to assess where the various diverting agents will be most effective (e.g., in fractured vs. unfractured wells, in deep vs. near-wellbore applications, in reservoirs with vs. without crossflow, or in injection wells vs. production wells). Experiments are being performed to verify which materials are the most effective in entering and blocking high-permeability zones. Another objective of the project is to identify the mechanisms by which materials (particularly gels) selectively reduce permeability to water more than to oil. In addition to establishing why this occurs, this research attempts to identify materials and conditions that maximize this disproportionate permeability reduction.

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Design and Implementation of a co2 Flood Utilizing Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Horizontal Injection Wells in a Shallow Shelf Carbonate Approaching Waterflood Depletion

The first objective is to utilize reservoir characterization and advanced technologies to optimize the design of a carbon dioxide (C02) project for the South Cowden Unit (SCU) located in Ector County, Texas. The SCU is a mature, relatively small, shallow shelf carbonate unit nearing waterflood depletion. The second objective is to demonstrate the performance and economic viability of the project in the field. This report includes work on the reservoir characterization and project design objective and the demonstration project objective.

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Co2 Huff-n-Puff Process in a Light Oil Shallow Shelf Carbonate Reservoir

The principal objective of the Central Vacuum Unit (CVU) CO2 Huff-n-Puff (H-n-P) project is to determine the feasibility and practicality of the technology in a waterflooded shallow shelf carbonate environment. The results of parametric simulation of the CO2 H-n-P process, coupled with the CVU reservoir characterization components will determine if this process is technically and economically feasible for field implementation. The technology transfer objective of the project is to disseminate the knowledge gained through an innovative plan in support of the Department of Energy's (DOE) objective of increasing domestic oil production and deferring then abandonment of shallow shelf carbonate (SSC) reservoirs. Tasks associated with this objective are carried out in what is considered a timely effort for near-term goals.

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Appendix D Core-Based Methods for In Situ Stress Determination Applied to Core From UPRC Stratos Well DSCA and DWVA

Initial discussions concerning core-based methods for determining in situ stress magnitude and orientation were held in the summer of 1995 between Sandia National Laboratories (SNLA), represented by John Lorenz and David Holcomb, and Union Pacific Resources Corporation (UPRC), represented by Lee Krystinik. These discussions led to an effort to apply Anelastic Strain Recovery (ASR) to core retrieved from the Stratos well in late September, 1995. The ASR results were essentially null, probably because of the time required to retrieve core from 16,000 feet. Other approaches to determining stress orientation can be applied to "old" core using measurements of the anisotropy of elastic wave speeds and anisotropic, non-linear strains exhibited by core subjected to hydrostatic stress. Stress magnitudes have been estimated using Differential Strain Curve Analysis (DSCA) and Differential Wave Velocity Analysis (DWVA), both of which rely on determining the pressure required to close the relaxation cracks.

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STABILITY OF NATURAL GAS IN THE DEEP SUBSURFACE

Natural gas is an important fuel that is likely to become increasingly important in the future. The deepest parts of many sedimentary basins are unexplored and remain frontier areas for natural gas exploration. Fundamental questions on the depth limits (if any) for natural gas survival and the processes operating to produce inorganic components (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide) remain unanswered. The composition of ultradeep gas can be calculated thermodynamically, and actual samples can be obtained from fluid inclusions that sampled gases present in the deep growth environment. Both methods were used in this study.

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Field Fracturing Multi-Sites Project

The objective of the Field Fracturing Multi-Sites Project (M-Site) is to conduct experiments to definitively determine hydraulic fracture dimensions using remote well and treatment well diagnostic techniques. In addition, experiments are to be conducted to provide data that will resolve significant unknowns with regard to hydraulic fracture modeling, fracture fluid rheology and fracture treatment design. These experiments will be supported by a well-characterized subsurface environment, as well as surface facilities and equipment conducive to acquiring high-quality data. The primary Project goal is to develop a fully characterized, tight reservoir-typical, field-scale hydraulic fracturing test site to diagnose, characterize, and test hydraulic fracturing technology and performance. It is anticipated that the research work being conducted by the multi-disciplinary team of GRI and DOE contractors will lead to the development of a commercial fracture mapping tool/service.

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Objectives of the U.S. DOE's research

The principal goal of this research is to expand current levels of industry development and production efficiency of natural gas from the extensive tight gas resource base of the U.S. Such low permeability and currently marginally economical reservoirs have been recognized by the 1992 National Petroleum Council Gas Study as the source of one-half or more of future national gas supplies. By the year 2030, over one-half of expected domestic gas production will be from low permeability reservoirs. By 2010, about 20% of the expected gas production will be from these reservoirs. Presently, about 2 trillion ft3 is produced annually from these tight reservoirs. Low permeability reservoirs are located throughout the U.S., but concentrated in the Rocky Mountain basins.

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Application of Reservoir Characterization and Advanced Technology to Improve Recovery and Economics in a Lower Quality Shallow Shelf Carbonate Reservoir

The Oxy West Welch project is designed to demonstrate how the use of advanced technology can improve the economics of miscible CO2 injection projects in lower quality shallow shelf carbonate reservoirs. The research and design phase primarily involves advanced reservoir characterization and the demonstration phase will implement the reservoir management plan based on an optimum miscible CO2 flood as designed in the initial phase.

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APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT AND RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION TO OPTIMIZE INFILL DRILLING

This project has used a multi-disciplinary approach employing geology, geophysics, and engineering to conduct advanced reservoir characterization and management activities to design and implement an optimized infill drilling program at the North Robertson (Clearfork) Unit in Gaines County, Texas. The activities during the first Budget Period have consisted of developing an integrated reservoir description from geological, engineering, and geostatistical studies, and using this description for reservoir flow simulation. Specific reservoir management activities are being identified and tested. The geologically targeted infill drilling program will be implemented using the results of this work.

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A CO2 FLOOD UTILIZING ADVANCED RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AND HORIZONTAL INJECTION WELLS IN A SHALLOW SHELF CARBONATE APPROACHING WATERFLOOD DEPLETION

The first objective is to utilize reservoir characterization  and advanced technologies to optimize the design of a carbon dioxide(CO2) project for the South Cowden Unit(SCU) located in Ector County, Texas.  The SCU is a mature, relatively small, shallow carbonate unit nearing waterflood depletion.  The second objective is to demonstrate the performance and economic viability of the project in the field.  This report includes work on the reservoir characterization and project design objective and the demonstration project objective.

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APPLICATION OF ADVANCED RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION, SIMULATION, AND PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES TO MAXIMIZE RECOVERY IN SLOPE AND BASIN CLASTIC RESERVOIRS, WEST TEXAS (DELAWARE BASIN)

The objective of this project is to demonstrate that detailed reservoir characterization of slope and basin clastic reservoirs in sandstones of the Delaware Mountain Group in the Delaware Basin of West Texas and New Mexico is a cost effective way to recover a higher percentage of the original oil in place through strategic placement of infill wells and geologically based field development. The objectives of the reservoir characterization phase of the project are to provide a detailed understanding of the architecture and heterogeneity of two fields, the Ford Geddine unit arid Ford West field, which produce from the Bell Canyon and Cherry Canyon Formations, respectively, of the Delaware Mountain Group and to compare Bell Canyon and Cheny Canyon reservoirs. Reservoir characterization will utilize 3-D seismic data, high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, subsurface field studies, outcrop characterization, and other techniques.

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Bioremediation Techniques on Crude Oil Contaminated Soils in Ohio

The objective of this project is to develop environmentally sound and cost-effective remediation techniques for crude oil contaminated soils. By providing a guidance manual to oil and gas operators, the Ohio Division of Oil and Gas regulatory authority hopes to reduce remediation costs while improving voluntary compliance with soil clean-up requirements. This shall be accomplished by conducting a series of field tests to define the optimum range for nutrient and organic enhancement to biologically remediate soils contaminated with brines and crude oil having a wide rage of viscosity.

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IMPROVED EFFICIENCY OF MISCIBLE CO2 FLOODS AND ENHANCED PROSPECTS FOR CO2 FLOODING   HETROGEOUS RESERVOIRS

The overall goal of this project is to improve the efficiency of miscible CO2 floods and enhance the prospects for flooding heterogeneous reservoirs. This objective is being accomplished by extending experimental and modeling research in three task areas: 1) foams for selective mobility control in heterogeneous reservoirs, 2) reduction of the amount of CO2 required in CO2 floods, and 3) low IFT processes and the possibility of CO2 flooding in fractured reservoirs. This report provides results of the second year of the three-year project for each of the three task areas.

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Bioremediation Techniques on Crude Oil Contaminated Soils in Ohio

The purpose of this study is to define the optimum limits of chemical and physical conditions that reduce soil salinity and maximize indigenous aerobic microbiological populations in the bioremediation of oil field waste solids. Specifically, the study centers around treatment of surface contained oily waste having low density and limited solubility in water. Successful remediation is defined by total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) reduction to 1% and no hydrocarbon or salinity impact on ground water resources.

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Improved Oil Recovery in Mississippian Carbonate Reservoirs of Kansas-Near Term-Class 2

The Mississippian Class 2 project is an effort to introduce Kansas producers to potentially useful technologies and to demonstrate these technologies in actual oil field operations. In addition, advanced technology will be tailored specifically to the scale appropriate to the operations of - Kansas producers. The majority of Kansas production is operated by small independent producers that do not have resources to develop and test advanced technologies (90% of the 3,000 Kansas producers have less than 20 employees). For Kansas producer's, access to new technology is important for sustaining production and increasing viability. A major emphasis of the project is collaboration of university scientists and engineers with the independent producers and service companies operating in the state to accelerate adaptation and evaluation of new technologies. An extensive technology transfer effort is being undertaken to inform other operators of the project results. In addition to traditional technology transfer methods (for example, reports; trade, professional, and technical publications; workshops; and seminars), a public domain relational database and computerized display package will be made available through the Internet and other means of digital access. The goal is literally to provide access to data and technology to independent producers in their office.

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Pipeline Agency Starts Consultation with Alaska Natives

 This month, a small team of federal officials will visit a handful of Alaska villages to discuss with local tribal leaders the proposed multibillion-dollar gas pipeline project  one government to another.   The meetings or consultations, as they're called  stem from an 18-year-old presidential mandate for federal agencies to engage Native American tribes, and to listen and consider their concerns before taking actions that affect the tribes.   That mandate grew out of a new federal approach to Native relations that repudiated two centuries of policies that marginalized Native Americans, their culture and their relations with the land  

Tags: Alaska, Natives, Natural Gas, Resource, White Paper, consultation, gas, pipelines
WV Watershed Boundary Dataset 11-Digits

  This dataset is obsolete. For current watershed boundary data, use the NRCS's new watershed dataset.    This shapefile describes 'watershed' hydrologic units, which are a subdivision of the 'sub-basin' unit. It represents the 5th level (11-digits) in the hydrologic unit hierarchy. Watersheds range in size from 40,000 to 250,000 acres.  

Tags: Boundary, Geographic, Hydrology, Topographical, WV, West Virginia, hydrology, water, watershed