AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Disposal of fluidized bed combustion ash in an underground mine to control acid mine drainage and subsidence. Quarterly report, September 1--November 30, 1997

This project will evaluate the technical, economic and environmental feasibility of filling abandoned underground mine voids with alkaline, advanced coal combustion wastes (Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) ash). Success will be measured in terms of technical feasibility of the approach (i.e., % void filling), cost, environmental benefits (acid mine drainage and subsidence control) and environmental impacts (noxious ion release). During Phase 3 the majority of the activity involves completing two full scale demonstration projects. The eleven acre Longridge mine in Preston County will be filled with 53,000 cubic yards of grout during the spring of 1998 and monitored for following year. The second demonstration involves stowing 2,000 tons of ash into an abandoned mine to demonstrate the newly redesigned Burnett Ejector. This demonstration is anticipated to take place during the winter of 1997. This document will report on progress made during Phase 3. The report will be divided into four major sections. The first will be the Hydraulic Injection component. This section of the report will report on progress and milestones associated with the grouting activities of the project. The Phase 3 tasks of Economic Analysis and Regulatory Analysis will be covered under this section. The second component is Pneumatic Injection. This section reports on progress made towards completing the demonstration project. The Water Quality component involves background monitoring of water quality and precipitation at the Phase 3 (Longridge) mine site. The last component involves evaluating the migration of contaminants through the grouted mine. A computer model has been developed in earlier phases and will model the flow of water in and around the grouted Longridge mine.

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Coherent laser vision system (CLVS)

The purpose of the CLVS research project is to develop a prototype fiber-optic based Coherent Laser Vision System suitable for DOE`s EM Robotics program. The system provides three-dimensional (3D) vision for monitoring situations in which it is necessary to update geometric data on the order of once per second. The CLVS project plan required implementation in two phases of the contract, a Base Contract and a continuance option. This is the Base Program Interim Phase Topical Report presenting the results of Phase 1 of the CLVS research project. Test results and demonstration results provide a proof-of-concept for a system providing three-dimensional (3D) vision with the performance capability required to update geometric data on the order of once per second.

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Remote-site power generation opportunities for Alaska

The Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) has been working with the Federal Energy Technology Center in Morgantown, West Virginia, to assess options for small, low-cost, environmental acceptable power generation for application in remote areas of Alaska. The goal of this activity was to reduce the use of fuel in Alaskan villages by developing small, low-cost power generation applications. Because of the abundance of high-quality coal throughout Alaska, emphasis was placed on clean coal applications, but other energy sources, including geothermal, wind, hydro, and coalbed methane, were also considered. The use of indigenous energy sources would provide cheaper cleaner power, reduce the need for PCE (Power Cost Equalization program) subsidies, increase self-sufficiency, and retain hard currency in the state while at the same time creating jobs in the region. The introduction of economical, small power generation systems into Alaska by US equipment suppliers and technology developers aided by the EERC would create the opportunities for these companies to learn how to engineer, package, transport, finance, and operate small systems in remote locations. All of this experience would put the US developers and equipment supply companies in an excellent position to export similar types of small power systems to rural areas or developing countries. Thus activities in this task that relate to determining the generic suitability of these technologies for other countries can increase US competitiveness and help US companies sell these technologies in foreign countries, increasing the number of US jobs. The bulk of this report is contained in the two appendices: Small alternative power workshop, topical report and Global market assessment of coalbed methane, fluidized-bed combustion, and coal-fired diesel technologies in remote applications.

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Integration of remotely-sensed geobotanical and structural methods for hydrocarbon exploration in west-central West Virginia. Quarterly report, February 1--April 30, 1997

As mentioned in previous quarterly reports, reconnaissance soil gas geochemical surveys were undertaken at the Volcano site on 5/21/96 and 6/17/96, and at the Lewis County (Stonewall Jackson Lake) test site on 10/2/96. The Volcano geochemical data showed a strong correlation between ethane concentration and distance to cross-strike lineaments. The results of the Lewis County geochemical survey are more ambiguous than the Volcano site. The gas in the reservoir is dominantly methane. There is no clear association of methane magnitude with either the spectral anomalies or lineaments. In addition, the highest value (3,478 ppb) is found outside the dry-hole perimeter of the reservoir, in an area that does not show evidence of the anomaly. As an alternative to an examination of the absolute values, the ratios of methane to ethane were examined. The aim with this analysis was to highlight areas where the soil gas was characterized by an anomalous amount of methane compared to the other soil gases. The attached map shows the geochemical data, plotted over the spectral anomalies. The lineaments and the boundaries of the two gas reservoirs are also shown.

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Pinon Pine Power Project. Annual report, January 1--December 31, 1996

This annual report has been prepared to present the status of the Pinon Pine Power Project, a nominal 107 MWe (gross) coal-fired integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) power plant addition to Sierra Pacific Power Company`s (SPPCo) system. This project will also serve as a demonstration project cost-shared by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and SPPCo under DOE`s Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Program. The goal of the CCT Program is to demonstrate advanced coal utilization technologies that are energy efficient, reliable and able to achieve substantial reductions in emissions as compared with existing coal technologies. The Pinon Pine Power Project will demonstrate an IGCC system utilizing the Kellogg-Rust-Westinghouse (KRW) fluidized-bed gasification process operating in an air-blown mode with in-bed desulfurization and hot gas clean-up with a western bituminous coal as the design fuel. Testing will also be performed on a high-sulfur eastern coal. The Pinon Pine Power Project will be constructed and operated at SPPCo`s Tracy Power Station, an existing power generation facility located on a rural 724-acre plot approximately 17 miles east of Reno, NV. This new unit is designated as Tracy Unit No. 4.

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Investigation of heat transfer and combustion in the advanced fluidized bed combustor (FBC). Technical progress report

Numerical simulation on the flow patterns/the velocity profiles was conducted and predicted. The test conditions and input boundary conditions are summarized. The flow patterns of the side view/top view are predicted along with stream lines. When the flow reached to the secondary air input of the lower air injection nozzles, the flow pattern was changed from a laminar flow to a turbulent flow. The velocity profiles at various locations of the combustor chamber was predicted. The velocity at the center of the combustor is greater than that of the wall region. The velocity of the top section is also greater than that of the lower section. The swirling velocity is reduced in both directions of the wall and the center of the combustor chamber. The velocity increased from the wall region to the center region at the top section of the secondary air injectors. Numerical modeling/simulation will be continued to determine the species profiles, temperature profiles, mass fraction profiles, and heat flux and heat transfer coefficient profiles. In addition, experimental test on the hot combustor model will be conducted and analyzed to compare with the numerical simulation results.

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Investigation of syngas interactions in alcohol synthesis catalyst

The primary objectives of the project are to (a) synthesize, by controlled sequential and co-impregnation techniques, three distinct composition metal clusters (consisting of Cu-Co-Cr and Cu-Fe-Zn): rich in copper (Methanol selective), rich in ferromagnetic metal (Co or Fe-Hydrocarbon selective) and intermediate range (mixed alcohol catalysts,3589 ); (b) investigate the changes in the magnetic character of the systems due to interaction with CO, through Zero-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ZFNMR) study of cobalt and Magnetic character (saturation magnetization and coercive field) analysis of the composite catalyst of Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM,3589 ); (c) examine the changes in syngas adsorption character of the catalyst as the composition changes, by FTIR Spectroscopic analysis of CO stretching frequencies; (d) determine the nature and size of these intermetallic clusters by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM,3589 ); and (e) perform catalytic runs on selected samples and analyze the correlations between the physical and chemical characteristics. The catalysts chosen have a greater promise for industrial application than the Rh and Mo based catalysts. Several groups preparing catalysts by synthetic routes have reported divergent results for activity and selectivity. Generally the research has followed an empirical path and less effort is devoted to analyze the mechanisms and the scientific basis. The primary intent of this study is to analyze the nature of the intermetallic and gas-metal interactions and examine the correlations to catalytic properties.

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Beneficial Use of Drilling Waste - A Wetland Restoration Technology

The results obtained thus far are promising with regard to the low toxicity of restored drill cuttings (particularly the Cameron substrate) with increasing levels of salinity. Water extraction, acid digestion, and interstitial water samples from the restored drill cuttings, as well as redox potential, soil pH and interstitial nitrate/ammonium concentrations, and the photosynthetic response, have been determined for the baseline fresh water condition (June-August 1998), at 9ppt (September-November 1998), at 18ppt (December-February 1998,1999), and at 27ppt (currently underway). Salinities will be brought to full-strength seawater (36ppt) on May 24, 1999. The Cameron drill cuttings are remarkably similar to dredge spoil, which is currently being used as a wetland creation substrate. The few elements that were extracted into the interstitial water were primarily cations (Ca, K, Mg) and were not elevated to a level that would pose a threat to wetlands productivity. Swaco drill cuttings remained high in aluminum with concomitant high pH, which likely resulted in limited plant productivity through hindered nutrient uptake.

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Beneficial Use of Drilling Waste - A Wetland Restoration Technology

This project demonstrated that treated drill cuttings derived from oil and gas operations could be used as source material for rebuilding eroding wetlands in Louisiana. Planning to supply a restoration site, drill a source well, and provide part of the funding. Scientists from southeastern Louisiana University's (SLU) Wetland Biology Department were contracted to conduct the proposed field research and to perform mesocosm studies on the SLU campus. Plans were to use and abandoned open water drill slip as a restoration site. Dredged material was to be used to create berms to form an isolated cell that would then be filled with a blend of dredged material and drill cuttings. Three elevations were used to test the substrates ability to support various alternative types of marsh vegetation, i.e., submergent, emergent, and upland. The drill cuttings were not raw cuttings, but were treated by either a dewatering process (performed by Cameron, Inc.) or by a stabilization process to encapsulate undesirable constituents (performed by SWACO, Division of Smith International).

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Increased oil production and reserves utilizing secondary/tertiary recovery techniques on small reservoirs in the Paradox Basin, Utah, Class II

The primary objective of this project is to enhance domestic petroleum production by field demonstration and technology transfer of an advanced-oil-recovery technology in the Paradox basin, southeastern Utah. If this project can demonstrate technical and economic feasibility, the technique can be applied to approximately 100 additional small fields in the Paradox basin alone, and result in increased recovery of 150 to 200 million barrels (23,850,000-31,800,000 m{sup 3}) of oil. This project is designed to characterize five shallow-shelf carbonate reservoirs in the Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Paradox Formation and choose the best candidate for a pilot demonstration project for either a waterflood or carbon-dioxide-miscible flood project. The field demonstration, monitoring of field performance, and associated validation activities will take place within the Navajo Nation, San Juan County, Utah.

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Advanced Oil Recovery Technologies for Improved Recovery from Slope Basin Clastic Reservoirs, Nash Draw Brushy Canyon Pool, Eddy County, New Mexico, Class III

The Nash Draw Brushy Canyon Pool (NDP) is southeast New Mexico is one of the nine projects selected in 1995 by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for participation in the Class III Reservoir Field Demonstration Program. The goals of the DOE cost-shared Class Program are to: (1) extend economic production, (2) increase ultimate recovery, and (3) broaden information exchange and technology application. Reservoirs in the Class III Program are focused on slope-basin and deep-basin clastic depositional types.

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Deliverable 2.4.4 -- Evaluation and single-well models for the demonstration wells, Class 1

Two single-well models were developed for Michelle Ute and Malnar Pike wells. The perforated intervals span thousands of feet in both the wells. Geological properties were calculated for all the perforated beds. The information was used to develop models for these two wells. These were comprehensive models since they took into account all the perforated beds.

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Deliverable 3.1.4 -- Final reservoir report and field-scale models Bluebell Field, Utah, Class 1

The objective of this project were to: (1) Simulate parts of the reservoir using the conventional dual-porosity, dual-permeability approach, generate progressively complex reservoir models and use the production history match results to quantify formation damage; (2) Examine the effect of the numerical aspects such as grid sizes and fracture properties on the simulations results; (3) Evaluate the effect of fluid thermodynamic properties on production; and (4) Study effect of inclusion of fractures on variability in production from stochastically generated reservoir models.

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Reservoir Characterization and Performance Predictions for the E.N. Woods Lease

The E.N. WOODS lease of the North Cowden Field is located in Ector County (West Texas) and produces from the Grayburg formation. The field is currently operated by TRIAD ENERGY CORPORATION of Houston, Texas. In 1983, TRIAD unitized the field for waterflooding operation. Oil production reached a peak of 381,480 BBU year in 1986 from 96,835 BBU year in 1983. The reservoir maintained a steady production rate over a period of 10 years since waterflood began with an average of 250,000 BBU year. The Oil rate has been in decline since 1994. As of December 1996, the unit produces approximately 100,000 barrels of oil per year. The task of this work was to evaluate the past performance of the E.N. WOODS Unit and to forecast its future economic performance by taking into consideration the geology, petrophysics and the production history of the reservoir. The Decline Curve Analysis feature of the Appraisal of Petroleum Properties including Taxation Systems (EDAPT) software along with the Production Management Systems (PMS) software were used to evaluate the original volume of hydrocarbon in place and estimate the reserve. The Black Oil Simulator (BOAST II) was then used to model the waterflooding operation and estimate the incremental oil production attributable to the water injection. BOAST II was also used to predict future performance of the reservoir. Waterflood study was conducted on the E.N. WOODS lease. A 3-D layered model was designed by taking into consideration the geology, petrophysics and production history of the unit. A decline curve analysis was performed based on the production data of the field. The original oil in place was estimated to be 31.4 million barrels and the reserve estimate as of January 1997 was 27.5 million barrels of oil. BOAST II was used to replicate past performance of the reservoir from 1970 to 1996. The model generated 3.86 million barrels of oil which was the exact amount of oil actually produced. The model also generated an average reservoir pressure of 1587 psi which was close to the actual 1500 psi.

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Correlation of producing Fruitland Formation coals within the western outcrop and coalbed methane leakage on the Southern Ute Reservation

The Colorado Geological Survey and Southern Ute Indian Tribe proposed to determine the cause of several gas seeps which are occurring on the western outcrop of the coalbed methane producing Fruitland Formation on the Southern Ute Indian Reservation. Correlation between outcrop coals and subsurface coals was necessary to determine seep source in the northern part of the study area. Subsurface studies include structure and net coal isopach maps, stratigraphy was cross-sections, production maps, and a production database. Detailed coal stratigraphy was correlated through production wells near the outcrop region. These maps and cross-sections were correlated to new surface outcrop maps generated by the Colorado, Geological Survey and the Southern Ute Division of Energy Resources. Methane gas seepage has been noted historically within the study area. The total investigation may help determine if gas seepage is natural, a result of coalbed methane development, or some combination of the above.

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Kinetics of fly ash beneficiation by carbon burnout. Quarterly report, July 1--September 30, 1997

Oxidation studies of coal fly ash have been carried out at partial pressures in the range 1 atmosphere down to 400 torr. The studies have also been carried out at 1 atmosphere for different temperatures in the range 500 to 750 C. The equipment used was a state-of-the-art Cann Thermogravimetric analyzer having sensitive microbalance that permitted measurements to .1 {micro}g. The analyzer is part of a GC/MS/TG setup in this laboratory. The fly ash was supplied by Delmarva Power Indian River Plant, DE. The samples were dried and stored in a desiccator to ensure that they remained dry prior to combustion. The combustion process inside the TGA is continuous and the heat released can be related to the percent of carbon consumed. The setup provided easy identification of the elements in the fly ash. The elemental analysis was also augmented by use of an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. In the X-ray analysis the carbon in the fly ash was compared with that in a dolomite (CaMg(CO{sub 3}){sub 2}) standard obtained from the US Bureau of Mines (USBOM). Preliminary data show encouraging results in the rate of reduction of the residual carbon. Both analyses show reduction of carbon after burning.

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Moving Bed Granular Bed Filter Development Program. Topical report, September 1994

Five test arrangements have been designed to support the Granular Bed Filter Development Program as defined in the Test Plan. The first arrangement is a 3.6 ft. diameter half filter, with a glass covering along the cross section to allow visual examination of the granular alumina material passing through the filter. The second test arrangement is a 3.6 ft diameter full size filter having refractory lining to simulate actual surface roughness conditions. The third test arrangement will examine filter geometry scale up by testing a 6.0 ft. diameter full size filter. The fourth Test Arrangement consists of a small 12 inch diameter fluidizer to measure the minimum fluidization velocity of the 7 m (approx. size) alumina material to be used in the filter assemblies. The last Test Unit is used to evaluation relative abrasion characteristics of potential refractory and ceramic materials to be installed in high abrasion areas in the pneumatic transport piping.

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The dynamics of combustion fronts in porous media

In this report, a method for solving this problem by treating the reaction region as a place of discontinuities in the appropriate variables, which include, for example, fluxes of heat and mass was proposed. Using a rigorous perturbation approach, similar to that used in the propagation of flames and smoldering combustion, appropriate jump conditions that relate the change in these variables across the front was derived. These conditions account for the kinetics of the reaction between the oxidant and the fuel, the changes in the morphology of the pore space and the heat and mass transfer in the reaction zone. The modeling of the problem reduces to the modeling of the dynamics of a combustion front, on the regions of either side of which transport of momentum (fluids), heat and mass, but not chemical reactions, must be considered. Properties of the two regions are coupled using the derived jump conditions. This methodology allows one to explicitly incorporate permeability heterogeneity effects in the process description, without the undue complexity of the coupled chemical reactions.

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Characterization of bedded salt for storage caverns -- A case study from the Midland Basin, Texas

The geometry of Permian bedding salt in the Midland Basin is a product of interaction between depositional facies and postdepositional modification by salt dissolution. Mapping high-frequency cycle patterns in cross section and map view using wireline logs documents the salt geometry. Geologically based interpretation of depositional and dissolution processes provides a powerful tool for mapping and geometry of salt to assess the suitability of sites for development of solution-mined storage caverns. In addition, this process-based description of salt geometry complements existing data about the evolution of one of the best-known sedimentary basins in the world, and can serve as a genetic model to assist in interpreting other salts.

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Responsive copolymers for enhanced petroleum recovery

The objectives of this work were to: synthesize responsive, amphiphilic systems; characterize molecular structure and solution behavior; measure rheological properties of the aqueous fluids including behavior in fixed geometry flow profiles and beds; and to tailor final polymer compositions for in situ rheology control under simulated reservoir conditions. This report focuses on the first phase of the research emphasizing synthesis and the development of photophysical techniques and rheological means of following segmental organization at the structural level.

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