AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Characterization of reservoir rocks and fluids by surface electromagnetic transient methods

The objectives of this research were to improve the interpretations of transient electromagnetic (TEM) measurements over two-dimensional subsurface structures. TEM is a surface electromagnetic method employed in fossil energy reservoir exploration and characterization. Electrical measurements find application in (i) assisting in fossil energy exploration mainly in areas where seismic methods yield inadequate data quality, such as volcanic covered terrain, permafrost areas, and the Rocky Mountain Overthrust; (ii) mapping contacts between hydrocarbon and brines in shallow producing horizon, and (iii) in monitoring enhanced oil recovery processes which cause zones of lower resistivity. The work under this contract consisted of three tasks: (1) Selection of a test site and acquisition of a high density, 3-component data set over the test site; (2) development of finite element modeling algorithms for computing 3-D EM fields over 2-D EM fields over 2-D subsurface structures; and development of TEM 2-D subsurface imaging method. Accomplishments for this period are described.

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User`s guide and documentation manual for microbial transport simulator

The microbial transport simulator (MTS) is a three-dimensional, three-phase, multiple-component numerical model that permits the study of the transport of microorganisms and nutrients in porous media. Microbial parameters incorporated into MTS include: Microbial growth and decay, microbial deposition, chemotaxis, diffusion, convective dispersion, tumbling, and nutrient consumption. Governing equations for microbial and nutrient transport are coupled with continuity and flow equations under conditions appropriate for a black oil reservoir. The model`s mathematical formulations and preparation procedures of data files for conducting simulations using MTS are described. A general background of microbial transport simulation is given in Section I and the governing equations, mechanisms, and numerical solutions of MTS are given in Section II. Explanations for preparing an input data file with reservoir and microbial transport data are described in Section III, and recurrent data are given in Section IV. Example data inputs are enclosed after explanations of each input line to help the user prepare data files. Major items of the output files are reviewed in Section V. Finally, two sample problems for running MTS are described in Section VI, and input files and part of the output files of these problems are listed in the appendix.

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A growing-drop technique for measuring dynamic interfacial tension

A novel, growing-drop technique is described for measuring dynamic interfacial tension due to sorption of surface-active solutes. The proposed method relates the instantaneous pressure and size of expanding liquid drops to interfacial tension and is useful for measuring both liquid/gas and liquid/liquid tensions over a wide range of time scales, currently from 10 ms to several hours. Growing-drop measurements on surfactant-free water/air and water/octanol interfaces yield constant tensions equal to their known literature values. For surfactant-laden, liquid drops, the growing-drop technique captures the actual transient tension evolution of a single interface, rather than interval times as with the classic maximum-drop-pressure and drop.-volume tension measurements. Dynamic tensions measured for 0.25 mM aqueous 1-decanol solution/air and 0.02 kg/m{sup 3} aqueous Triton X-100 solution/dodecane interfaces show nonmonotonic behavior, indicating slow surfactant transport relative to the imposed rates of interfacial dilatation. The dynamic tension of a purified and fresh 6 mM aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution/air interface shows only a monotonic decrease, indicating rapid surfactant transport relative to the imposed rates of dilatation. ConverselY, an aged SDS solution, naturally containing trace dodecanol impurities, exhibits dynamic tensions which reflect a superposition of the rapidly equilibrating SDS and the slowly adsorbing dodecanol.

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Contracts for field projects and supporting research on enhanced oil recovery, July--September 1992. Progress review No. 72, quarter ending September 30, 1992

Accomplishments for the past quarter are presented for the following tasks: Chemical flooding--supporting research; gas displacement--supporting research; thermal recovery--supporting research; geoscience technology; resource assessment technology; microbial technology; and novel technology. A list of available publication is also provided.

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Measurement of interfacial tension by use of pendant drop video techniques

This report describes an instrument to measure the interfacial tension (IFT) of aqueous surfactant solutions and crude oil. The method involves injection of a drop of fluid (such as crude oil) into a second immiscible phase to determine the IFT between the two phases. The instrument is composed of an AT-class computer, optical cell, illumination, video camera and lens, video frame digitizer board, monitor, and software. The camera displays an image of the pendant drop on the monitor, which is then processed by the frame digitizer board and non-proprietary software to determine the IFT. Several binary and ternary phase systems were taken from the literature and used to measure the precision and accuracy of the instrument in determining IFTs. A copy of the software program is included in the report. A copy of the program on diskette can be obtained from the Energy Science and Technology Software Center, P.O. Box 1020, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-1020. The accuracy and precision of the technique and apparatus presented is very good for measurement of IFTs in the range from 72 to 10{sup {minus}2} mN/m, which is adequate for many EOR applications. With modifications to the equipment and the numerical techniques, measurements of ultralow IFTs (<10{sup {minus}3} mN/m) should be possible as well as measurements at reservoir temperature and pressure conditions. The instrument has been used at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to support the research program on microbial enhanced oil recovery. Measurements of IFTs for several bacterial supernatants and unfractionated acid precipitates of microbial cultures containing biosurfactants against medium to heavy crude oils are reported. These experiments demonstrate that the use of automated video imaging of pendant drops is a simple and fast method to reliably determine interfacial tension between two immiscible liquid phases, or between a gas and a liquid phase.

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Advanced Steady-State and Transient, Three-Dimensional, Single and Multi-phase, non-Newtonian Simulation System for Managed Pressure Drilling

Final Project Report-08121-2502-Recent successes in managed pressure drilling have been hardware‐driven, but complementary efforts in annular flow pressure modeling needed for wellbore control have been lacking. In the present work, geometric details related to high annular eccentricity (typical of highly deviated and horizontal wells in ultradeep offshore applications) are modeled exactly using automatically generated boundary‐conforming, curvilinear grid systems, and all governing equations are written to these computational meshes and solved transparently to the user.

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Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery and Wettability Research Program. Annual report, FY 1991

This report covers research results for fiscal year 1991 for the Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) and Wettability Research Program conducted by EG&G Idaho, Inc. at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory ONEL) for the US Department of Energy Idaho Field Office (DOE-ID). The program is funded by the Assistant Secretary of Fossil Energy, and managed by DOE-ID and the Bartlesville Project Office (BPO). The objectives of this multi-year program are to develop MEOR systems for application to reservoirs containing medium to heavy crude oils and to design and implement an industry cost-shared field demonstration project of the developed technology. An understanding of the controlling mechanisms will first be developed through the use of laboratory scale testing to determine the ability of microbially mediated processes to recover oil under reservoir conditions and to develop the design criteria for scale-up to the field. Concurrently with this work, the isolation and characterization of microbial species collected from various locations including target oil field environments is underway to develop more effective oil recovery systems for specific applications. Research focus includes the study of biogenic product and formation souring processes including mitigation and prevention. Souring research performed in FY 1991 also included the development of microsensor probe technology for the detection of total sulfide in collaboration with the Montana State University Center for Interfacial Microbial Process Engineering (CIMPE). Wettability research is a multi-year collaborative effort with the New Mexico Petroleum Recovery Research Center (NMPRRC) at the New Mexico institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM to evaluate reservoir wettability and its effects on oil recovery. Results from the wettability research will be applied to determine if alteration of wettability is a significant contributing mechanism for MEOR systems.

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Fundamentals of foam transport in porous media

Foam in porous media is a fascinating fluid both because of its unique microstructure and because its dramatic influence on the flow of gas and liquid. A wealth of information is now compiled in the literature describing foam generation, destruction, and transport mechanisms. Yet there are conflicting views of these mechanisms and on the macroscopic results they produce. By critically reviewing how surfactant formulation and porous media topology conspire to control foam texture and flow resistance, we attempt to unify the disparate viewpoints. Evolution of texture during foam displacement is quantified by a population balance on bubble concentration, which is designed specifically for convenient incorporation into a standard reservoir simulator. Theories for the dominant bubble generation and coalescence mechanisms provide physically based rate expressions for the proposed population balance. Stone-type relative permeability functions along with the texture-sensitive and shear-thinning nature of confined foam complete the model. Quite good agreement is found between theory and new experiments for transient foam displacement in linear cores.

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A research needs assessment for the capture, utilization and disposal of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel-fired power plants. Volume 2, Topical reports: Final report

This study, identifies and assesses system approaches in order to prioritize research needs for the capture and non-atmospheric sequestering of a significant portion of the carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) emitted from fossil fuel-fired electric power plants (US power plants presently produce about 7% of the world`s CO{sub 2} emissions). The study considers capture technologies applicable either to existing plants or to those that optimistically might be demonstrated on a commercial scale over the next twenty years. The research needs that have high priority in establishing the technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of large-scale capture and disposal of CO{sub 2} from electric power plants are:(1) survey and assess the capacity, cost, and location of potential depleted gas and oil wells that are suitable CO{sub 2} repositories (with the cooperation of the oil and gas industry,8409 ); (2) conduct research on the feasibility of ocean disposal, with objectives of determining the cost, residence time, and environmental effects for different methods of CO{sub 2} injection; (3) perform an in-depth survey of knowledge concerning the feasibility of using deep, confined aquifers for disposal and, if feasible, identify potential disposal locations (with the cooperation of the oil and gas industry,8409 ); (4) evaluate, on a common basis, system and design alternatives for integration of CO{sub 2} capture systems with emerging and advanced technologies for power generation; and prepare a conceptual design, an analysis of barrier issues, and a preliminary cost estimate for pipeline networks necessary to transport a significant portion of the CO{sub 2} to potentially feasible disposal locations.

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Use of North Dakota lignite in advanced power systems

In order to develop critical data for Department of Energy (DOE) and private industry for advanced high-efficiency power systems using North Dakota lignite in pressurized gasification and combustion systems, tests were performed in bench-scale equipment at the Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC). The primary objectives were to (1) determine the conversion levels for Center ND lignite under pressurized fluid-bed gasification conditions with sorbent addition as a function of temperature, (2) determine the sulfur capture using limestone or dolomite under gasification conditions giving 90% or higher carbon conversion, (3) evaluate char/coal conversion and sulfur capture in a pressurized fluid-bed combustor, (4) assess the potential for bed agglomeration under the preferred operating conditions for both systems.

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Hot coal gas desulfurization with manganese-based sorbents. Quarterly report, January--March 1994

The focus of work being performed on Hot Coal Gas Desulfurization at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center is primarily in the use of zinc titanate sorbents; however, prior studies indicated that an alternate sorbent, manganese dioxide-containing ore in mixture with alumina (75 wt% ore   25 wt% Al{sub 2},O{sub 3}) may be a viable alternative to zinc-based sorbents. Manganese, for example, has a lower vapor pressure in the elemental state than zinc; hence, it is not as likely to undergo zinc-depletion from the sorbent surface upon loading and regeneration cycles. Also manganese oxide is less readily reduced to the elemental state than iron; hence, the range of reduction potentials for oxygen is somewhat greater than for zinc ferrite. In addition, thermodynamic analysis of the manganese-oxygen-sulfur system shows it to be less amenable to sulfation than zinc ferrite. Potential also exists for utilization of manganese at higher temperatures than zinc ferrite or zinc titanate. This Sixth Report documents progress in pellet testing two leading formulations; namely FORM 4-A and FORM 1-A via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The former is a high-purity carbonate-based material, and the latter is ore-based. Also fixed bed testing of formulation FORM 1-A is described. Included with this report is an Appendix which describes the formulations and the loading tests as performed via TGA. A 2-inch fixed-bed reactor is being utilized to subject a bed of FORM 4-A pellets to cyclic loading and regeneration. Preliminary results indicate that FORM 1-A can be loaded to approximately 12 per cent of its weight in sulfur prior to breakthrough up through sixteen cycles of loading and regeneration. The sulfur loading level drops from 18.2% for fresh pellets to 11.8% after the sixteenth cycle; however, there is no significant decrease in pellet sulfur-capacity after the ninth cycle. The kinetics during the loading and regeneration cycles are rapid.

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Design and Deployment of a Deep-water Seafloor Sound Source

Project Report-DE-AI26-06NT42878 - Bottom Source Task-With funding from DOE-NETL, the Naval Research Laboratory’s deep-towed acoustic geophysics system (DTAGS) was outfitted to be set directly on the seafloor with the intent of more efficiently generating shear wave energy in the seafloor. We altered the existing DTAGS by adding a releasable landing shoe, and a geophone array that used existing data telemetry.

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Oilfield Flare Gas Electricity Systems - Offgases

Final Project Report-DE-FC26-02NT15444-The project has demonstrated that distributed generation using waste or stranded gas from oilfields as a fuel is a viable and environmentally clean solution to disposal, reinjection, or abandonment of gas associated with oil production. The project was designed to demonstrate that the entire range of oilfield stranded gases (gas production that can not be delivered to a commercial market because it is poor quality, or the quantity is too small to be economically sold, or there are no pipeline facilities to transport it to market) can be cost-effectively harnessed to make electricity.

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Monolithic solid oxide fuel cell technology advancement for coal-based power generation. Annual report, October 1991--September 1992

The program is being conducted by a team consisting of AlliedSignal Aerospace Systems & Equipment (ASE) (formerly AiResearch Los Angeles Division) and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The objective of the program is to advance materials and fabrication methodologies to develop a monolithic solid oxide fuel cell (MSOFC) system capable of meeting performance, life, and cost goals for coal-based power generation. The program focuses on materials research and development, fabrication process development, cell/stack performance testing and characterization, cost and system analysis, and quality development.

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Near Miscible CO2 Application to Improve Oil Recovery for Small Producers

Final Project Report-07123-03-This project seeks to demonstrate that “near miscible” carbon dioxide (CO2) flooding, where CO2 is injected at pressures below the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), can result in incremental oil production. The application of CO2 injection at near miscible conditions may lead to development of CO2 projects by small producers in reservoirs where the MMP is not attainable at current operating reservoir pressures, in particular, the Arbuckle Formation of Kansas.

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Novel Concepts for Unconventional Gas Development in Shales, Tight Sands and Coalbeds

Final Project Report-07122-07-The objective of this project was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of novel methods for stimulating gas production from low-permeability rocks, including shale, tight sands, and coal bed formations. Specifically, the goal was to assess the feasibility of using a saw to cut a deep slot from a horizontal borehole into the formation at 5,000 to 10,000 foot depths.

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Shale Gas Brochure - Shale Gas: Applying Technology to Solve Americas Energy Challenges

American ingenuity and steady research in the Office of Fossil Energy has helped natural gas production from shales increase fourteen-fold over the past decade. The energy supply promise of natural gas produced from shales, and the role of the National Energy Technology Laboratory in conducting R&D that helped make it happen is featured in this new Department of Energy brochure.

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Model Investigations of the Effects of Climate Variability and Change on Future Gulf of Mexico Tropical Cyclone Activity

Project Presentation-07121-1801-OTC presentation-Since the disastrous 2004 and 2005 hurricane seasons, there has been considerable debate on whether climate change is affecting the frequency and intensity of hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico. This project aims to provide some realistic climate simulation results that may help to resolve this debate.

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Improved Oil Recovery for Deepwater Gulf of Mexico

Final Project Report-07121-1701-Identify and document Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) opportunities in the deepwater and ultra-deepwater Gulf of Mexico, so that facility and well designs can be optimized to take advantage of these opportunities. The project will result in a catalogue of producing fields with IOR potential, a discussion of key causes for trapped/ remaining hydrocarbons in these fields, and a review of current and emerging technologies and technology gaps for improved recovery.

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Ultra Deepwater Dry Tree System for Drilling and Production in the Gulf of Mexico, Phase 1

Stage 1 Final Project Report-07121-DW1402B-Assess alternative dry tree semisubmersible (DTS) concept designs for two different payload cases in accordance with an agreed upon basis of design, and select one hull form option for model testing and further development in a Phase 2 project. The intent is to investigate the feasibility of developing this platform design and to identify any technical limits to areas where further qualification or testing will be required. (Note: This project is one of two parallel efforts

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Ultra-High Conductivity Umbilicals Program

Final Project Report-07121-DW1302-develop an ultra-high conductivity power cable suitable for use in undersea umbilicals. The overall objective is to design, build, and test an engineering prototype of a working ultra-high conductivity cable that could in later stages be incorporated into an umbilical exceeding 100 miles in length and called upon to deliver up to 10 MW at up to 36 kV with operating temperatures up to 250°F and pressures up to 4500 psi.

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Concurrent gasification and retorting of oil shale:  a dual energy source

The effects of pressure, oil shale grade, oxygen enrichment, and steam injection on the quantity and heating value of offgas from oil shale retorting was studied in the laboratory. Equations were developed which show that large quantities of medium Btu gas can be produced in conjunction with shale oil production. Results also indicate that up to 84% of the original organic content can be produced as combustible gases and crude shale oil. Btu distribution in the gas-liquid product mixture is up to 1 to 1.

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Colorado oil shale:  the current status, October 1979

A general background to oil shale and the potential impacts of its development is given. A map containing the names and locations of current oil shale holdings is included. The history, geography, archaeology, ecology, water resources, air quality, energy resources, land use, sociology, transportation, and electric power for the state of Colorado are discussed. The Colorado Joint Review Process Stages I, II, and III-oil shale are explained. Projected shale oil production capacity to 1990 is presented. (DC)

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Spent Shale Grouting of Abandoned In-Situ Oil Shale Retorts

In vertical modified in-situ (VMIS) oil shale retorting, the resource is processed in the ground. Large chambers of rubberized oil shale are formed by mining out about 20 to 40 percent of the in-place shale and blasting the balance into the created void. The mined-out material is brought to the surface and oil is recovered from it by the surface retorting. The in-place material is pyrolyzed to recover oil, leaving large numbers of abandoned retort chambers underground.

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Oil shale in situ research and development. Quarterly report No. 2, November 1, 1977-January 31, 1978

This program pertains to the Oil Shale Site 12 near Green River, Wyoming. The report includes a narrative report on the in-situ R and D program and on engineering progress on fracture and retort design and evaluation, a survey of the Section 17 in Sweetwater County, an outline of hydrogeological plan, various meetings, proposed hydraulic fracturing program, well logs, work plan and schedule. (DLC)

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Modified in situ oil shale process, Occidental Oil Shale, Inc. :  50,000 BPD commercial plant. Volume 2. Capital cost estimate details, underground facilities

This volume covers the following mine facilities: production shaft, service shaft, gas shaft, ventilation/escape shaft, air level, intermediate level, production level, gas level, retorts, dewatering, ventilation intake and exhaust shafts, products recovery system, general facilities, and mine equipment. (DLC)

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