AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
GEOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL OF THE PCOR PARTNERSHIP REGION

The Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership region contains vast geologic sinks that can be used to sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) in a variety of ways. As part of the PCOR Partnership Phase I activities, the CO2 sequestration capacity of several geologic sinks in the region was estimated. Thousands of oil reservoirs, three major coal fields, and two regional deep brine formations (a.k.a. saline aquifers) were evaluated using readily available characterization data. The characterization data that were available for each sink varied widely and, therefore, all of the values for CO2 storage capacity that were developed under Phase I should be considered reconnaissance-level estimates; these estimates provide an order-of-magnitude comparison of the potential storage capacities of selected geologic sinks in the region. The estimates indicate that over 240 billion tons of CO2 could be sequestered in geologic formations in the PCOR Partnership region. Major stationary sources in the PCOR Partnership region produced nearly 590 million tons of CO2 in 2000. If this rate of CO2 production were to remain constant, the region's geologic sinks could theoretically sequester all of the CO2 produced in the region for over 400 years. One of the primary functions of the PCOR Partnership is to facilitate the implementation of geologic sequestration strategies. As part of that function, identification and characterization of sinks with a value-added component was a critical goal of the PCOR Partnership. With that in mind, major emphasis was placed on evaluation of oil and coal fields in the PCOR Partnership region. The evaluation suggested that over 3.4 billion barrels of incremental oil might be recovered from oil fields in the region through the injection of CO2, with a vast majority of the oil located in the Alberta and Williston Basins.

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Time-Lapse Seismic Modeling and Inversion of CO2Saturation for Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery4th

Objectives of the Project: -Improve current methods of time-lapse seismic reflection modeling for carbon dioxide sequestration and miscible CO2floods in oil and gas reservoirs and to develop new strategies to invert such data to estimate changes in pressure and CO2saturation over time  -From seismic reflection data project is to determine CO2saturation during field flood -Equation of state (EOS) formulated to calculate Fluid properties

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Data integration for the Generation of High Resolution Models

The goal of this three-year project is to develop a theoretical basis and practical technology for the integration of geologic, production and time-lapse seismic data in a way that makes best use of the information for reservoir description and reservoir performance predictions. The practical tools for data integration that will result from this research will be  presented as computational algorithms that are feasible for large scale reservoir simulation models. As the integration of production and seismic data will require calibrating geological/geostatistical models to these data sets, the main computational tool developed will be an automatic history matching algorithm. While significant progress has been made towards achieving the goal by the authors of this proposal and others, important challenges on data integration remain, namely (i) the assessment of measurement errors necessary to determine the relative weights of data when conditioning reservoir models to production and time-lapse seismic data by automatic history matching, (ii) the development of procedures for upscaling/downscaling to ensure the proper integration of data on different scales; (iii) the development of algorithms for calibrating the location of the boundaries of geologic facies and the distribution of rock properties within each facies so that production and time-lapse seismic data are honored; (iv) the development of methodology to account for trends in permeability and porosity fields and the proportion of facies when history matching production data, and (v) the development of technology for the adjustment of laboratory derived relative permeability by calibration to production data. The starting point for this research will be the automatic history matching code developed for a previous DOE research project, Mapping of Reservoir Properties and Facies, DOE Project DE-FC26-00BC15309. In order to ensure the research results developed will lead to practical public tools for independent oil companies, as part of the project we will build a graphical user interface for the history matching software using Visual Basic.

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MEASUREMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF SEISMIC ATTENUATION FOR HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION

Objectives of the Project: -Develop better understanding of seismic loss mechanisms, measure attenuation in the laboratory, extract time-lapse attenuation estimates from field data, and interpret the results in terms of pore fluid and reservoir changes develop our understanding of seismic loss mechanisms, measure attenuation in the laboratory, extract time-lapse attenuation estimates from field data, and interpret the results in terms of pore fluid and reservoir changes -Perform state-of-the-art laboratory measurements of seismic attenuation at seismic frequencies on well-characterized rock samples under reservoir conditions. -Perform state-of-the-art theoretical modeling in order to understand and quantify the detailed mechanisms responsible for the attenuation. -Quantify the material properties required to explain the field measures of seismic attenuation

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Biocatalytic Desulfurization

The goal of this project is to evaluate the biodesulfuriztion/hydrodesulfurization process to determine how to meet current Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) diesel standards (15 ppm sulfur concentration) most efficiently. Specific objectives are to 1) develop a biocatalyst that will remove a large portion of the sulfur in diesel fuel at commercially acceptable rates and 2) develop design specifications and a cost estimate for a 5,000 barrel-per-day biodesulfurization demonstration unit.

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Nanoscale Pore Imaging and Pore-Scale Fluid Flow Modeling in Chalk

The project goal is to analyze nanoscale pore chalk structure in the context of challenges of producing oil from chalk. The project highlights include the following: ? Achieving the first direct nanometer-scale 3-D imaging of pores in chalk using the FIB technique.  ? Achieving the first direct prediction of capillary pressure curves in chalk using the MIS method. The method bypasses the pore network step and does not modify the pore system. ? Obtaining results from the combined FIB/MIS method in very good agreement with experimental data.

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Evaluation and Enhancement of Carbon Dioxide Flooding Through Sweep Improvement

Carbon dioxide displacement is a common improved recovery method applied to light oil reservoirs (30-45 oAPI). The economic and technical success of CO2 floods is often limited by poor sweep efficiency or large CO2 utilization rates. Projected incremental recoveries for CO2 floods range from 7% to 20% of the original oil in place yet actual incremental recoveries range from 9% to 15% of the original oil in place, indicating the potential for significant additional recoveries with improved sweep efficiency. This research is studying the effectiveness of carbon dioxide flooding in a mature reservoir to identify and develop methods and strategies to improve oil recovery in carbon dioxide floods. Specifically, the project is focusing on CO2 displacement efficiency in an oil reservoir by studying vertical conformance control and areal sweep efficiency to understand the reservoir response to the injected CO2. The objective of the project is to develop a methodology for improving sweep efficiency and reducing CO2 utilization rates by performing a detailed postmortem on a mature carbon dioxide project that relates actual reservoir performance with predicted performance. Knowledge gained from this detailed analysis will yield improved operating practices that will serve as a guide to improving oil recovery in active CO2 floods and as a strategy for implementing new CO2 floods. This report details the activities conducted during the first year of the project, which has focused on a simulation study of reservoir response to CO2 injection. In addition, work has included the gathering of reservoir data from the Little Creek Reservoir in Mississippi, the initial stages of developing a reservoir model for selected areas of the reservoir to evaluate actual reservoir response, and an evaluation of well logging techniques to estimate saturation profiles in individual wells.

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The Effect of Varying Surfactant Concentration on the Rheological Properties of Aqueous and Polymeric Foam

In this project the rheological affects of differing surfactant concentrations (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 percent, v/v, in water) were investigated. Experiments were conducted by varying the surfactant concentration under ambient conditions and varying qualities (70, 80, and 90 percent). These tests were run for aqueous and polymeric foam (approximately 0.5 percent HEC). The liquid phase rheology of the polymeric solutions was made to be comparable to the liquid phase rheology from the previous tests. The rheology and stability of the resulting foam was measured. It was concluded from the resulting data that there did not exist a consistent pattern between the differing parameters. It also appears that surfactant concentration seems to generally have little effect on the rheology of foam; however, the surfactant concentration did have a strong impact on the stability of the foam. For aqueous foam, 0.75% was the most stable foam and 3.0% was the most unstable foam. For polymerized foam, 1.0% was the most stable foam and 0.75% was the most unstable foam.

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Improvement of Sweep Efficiency in Gas Flooding

Miscible and near-miscible gas flooding has proven to be one of the few cost effective enhance oil recovery techniques in the past twenty years. The sweep efficiency of such processes is often not high because of the adverse viscosity ratio and density difference between the solvent gas and the oil as well as the reservoir heterogeneity. Water-alternating-gas processes are often used to improve sweep efficiency. Foams and direct thickeners have been developed, but not used in field routinely. Effect of new well architectures on sweep efficiency is poorly understood. As the scope of miscible flooding is being expanded to medium viscosity oils in shallow sands in Alaska and shallower reservoirs in the lower 48, there are questions about sweep efficiency in near-miscible regions. The goal of this research is to evaluate sweep efficiency of various miscible processes in a laboratory model and develop numerical tools to estimate them in fields. In the last year, a high pressure quarter 5-spot model was assembled. We conducted slim tube tests, corefloods, and quarter 5-spot floods with an Alaskan shallow sands oil. We developed 1D compositional models of core floods and streamline-based compositional model of quart 5-spot WAG floods. Plans for the next six months include experimental quarter five-spot gas/WAG floods, and 3D modeling of these experiments.

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Integrated Multi-Scale Characterizations of Imbibition and Wettability Phenomena Using Magnetic Resonance and Wide-Band Dielectric Measurements

We have developed and validated a new pore-scale approach for the simulation of DC electrical resistivity measurements. The approach explicitly incorporates specific two-phase fluid distributions that are consistent with capillary pressure, saturation history, and percolation principles. Moreover, the simulation methodology properly reproduces pore-level fluid wettability, complex rock structure, and presence of conductive clay. We make use of a dynamic random-walk diffusion technique to simulate DC resistivity measurements via statistical averages of long-time diffusivity asymptotes. This strategy readily lends itself to accurately simulate the effects of explicit geometrical distributions of wetting films, pendular rings and snap-offs on DC resistivity measurements. We reproduce sequential drainage/imbibition cycles and their corresponding resistivity-index cycles for both water-wet and oil-wet generic clean rocks. To our knowledge, this has not been achieved by any previously published pore-scale simulation method. The simulation methodology introduced in this repot can therefore be used as a tool to assess the influence of wettability and saturation history for specific conditions of grain size distributions. Classical values of n within specific ranges (less than 2, about 2, about 3, and larger) are all justified making use of wettability arguments. Non-constant values of n through the complete saturation range can therefore be explained and even predicted for simple rocks when given their saturation history; conversely, their saturation history can be inferred from simulations of resistivity index performed with similar models.

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Advanced Reservoir Imaging Using Frequency-Dependent Seismic Attributes

Objectives of the Project: -Develop an advanced imaging and interpretation technology based on frequency and incident-angle dependent seismic attributes -Low-frequency asymptotic analytical solutions for seismic waves reflected from fluid saturated layers will be developed and validated -Scalability relations between field and laboratory model parameters will be investigated.  -The new technology will be validated by processing field data provided by industry partners and comparing the predicted fluid saturation model to the one derived from well data.

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ADVANCED OIL RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVED RECOVERY FROM SLOPE BASIN CLASTIC RESERVOIRS NASH DRAW ABRSHY CANYON POOL, EDDY COUNTY, NM

The Nash Draw Brushy Canyon Pool in Eddy County New Mexico was a cost-shared field demonstration project in the U.S. Department of Energy Class III Program. A major goal of the Class III Program was to stimulate the use of advanced technologies to increase ultimate recovery from slope-basin clastic reservoirs. Advanced characterization techniques were used at the Nash Draw Pool (NDP) project to develop reservoir management strategies for optimizing oil recovery from this Delaware reservoir. The objective of the project was to demonstrate that a development program, which was based on advanced reservoir management methods, could significantly improve oil recovery at the NDP. Initial goals were (1) to demonstrate that an advanced development drilling and pressure maintenance program can significantly improve oil recovery compared to existing technology applications and (2) to transfer these advanced methodologies to other oil and gas producers.

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A Systems Approach to Identifying Exploration and Development Opportunities in the Illinois Basin: Digital Portfolio of Plays in Underexplored Lower Paleozoic Rocks

This project will implement a systematic basin analysis approach that is expected to encourage exploration for petroleum in lower Paleozoic rocks of the Illinois Basin. The study will compile and present a broad base of information and knowledge needed by independent oil companies to pursue the development of exploration prospects in overlooked, deeper play horizons in the Illinois Basin. All available geologic data relevant for the exploration and development of petroleum reservoirs in the Illinois Basin will be analyzed and assimilated into a coherent, easily accessible digital play portfolio using ArcIMS technology.

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Fluid-Rock Characterization for NMR Well Logging and Special Core Analysis

NMR well logging provides a record of formation porosity, permeability, irreducible water saturation, oil saturation and viscosity. In the absence of formation material, the NMR logs are interpreted using default assumptions. Special core analysis on core samples of formation material provides a calibration between the log response and the desired rock and/or fluid property. The project proposes to develop interpretations for reservoirs that do not satisfy the usual assumptions inherent in the interpretation. Also, NMR will be used in special core analysis to investigate the mechanism of oil recovery by wettability alteration and the relative permeability of non-water-wet systems

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Study on Effective Hole Cleaning Using "Sweeps" in Horizontal Wellbores

This is the third report being presented for this project. This report presents experimental results obtained from the tests conducted on the Low Pressure Ambient Temperature flow loop as well as results from the preliminary tests conducted on the Elevated Pressure Elevated Temperature flow loop. Based on results from previous “sweep” tests conducted, subsequent “sweep” tests were conducted according to a modified Test Matrix. A detailed analysis of the experimental data obtained is presented. The effect of parameters such as, rheology, flow rate & drill pipe rotation on volumetric cutting concentration removed, bed heights and pressure drop are presented. The modified mechanistic model for the critical re-suspension velocity for cutting in yield power law fluid is presented. The focus of this report will be on the results obtained from the “sweep” tests.

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E&P Focus Vol. 1, No. 4

U.S. Department of Energy oil research programs have underpinned America's petroleum technology leadership for decades. Some of the most important exploration and production technology advances of the past century had their roots in research programs conducted under DOE/NETL or predecessor organizations. A sampling of those advances includes the first: ? Waterflood research (1920s). ? Mud-pulse telemetry paving the way for downhole data gathering (1970s). ? Chemical enhanced oil recovery (1970s). ? Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drillbits now one third of the market (1980s). ? Through-casing resistivity tool, for downhole logging (1990s). ? Cross-well seismic, for subsurface imaging (1990s). ? Three-phase relative permeability measurement (1990s). ? 4-D seismic imaging (2000s). ? Borehole seismic instruments (2000s).

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NOVEL HIGH-SPEED DRILLING MOTOR

The overall objective of this effort is to develop, build and test a high-speed drilling motor that can meet the performance guidelines of the announcement1, namely: ?The motors are expected to rotate at a minimum of 10,000 rpm, have an OD no larger than 7 inches and work downhole continuously for at least 100 hours. The motor must have common oilfield thread connections capable of making up to a drill bit and bottomhole assembly. The motor must be capable of transmitting drilling fluid through the motor.? To these goals, we would add that the motor must be economically viable, in terms of both its manufacturing and maintenance costs, and be applicable to as broad a range of markets as possible.

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Assess Carbon Dioxide Transportation Options in the Illinois Basin

The 2004 report was based on a conceptual route with beginning and ending points that are very similar to the specific scenario requested for this study by ISGS. Because of this similarity, the data and discussions of the previous route are applicable to this report. As such, it is recommended that the reader review the previous report prior to reading this report. Even though a specific route has been selected, this analysis remains in the conceptual stage. Sufficient data have been obtained and analyzed to provide a basis for making the key determinations necessary to move the project to the basic design stage.

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Modifications to the ACTF Since the May, 2005 ABM

Nothing is quite as dramatic as a new construction phase but we’ve made several changes to the High Pressure Loop since the last ABM that are certainly beneficial to the progress of experiments. Those modifications include: · Improved cuttings management · New cuttings sifter · New Johnson Screen · New basket strainer upstream of the heat exchanger · Enlarged heat exchanger · Auxiliary water heater

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Experimental Study and Modeling of Yield Power-Law Fluid Flow in Pipes and Annuli

At the last TUDRP Advisory Board Meeting (May 2005), the first report that covered flow loop development activities and experimental investigations was presented. The dynamic testing facility (DTF) was modified to conduct rheology and hydraulic investigations on both compressible and incompressible fluids. Flow loop instrumentations and data acquisition system were installed. A limited number of experiments were also carried out with bentonite muds. Due to experimental difficulties, bentonite muds were not considered in the current investigation.

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The Effect of Tool Joints on ECD While Drilling with Polymeric Fluids (Progress Report)

This report presents the status of the project. The result s of some simulations are discussed here regarding the effect of fluids and flow rates, eccentricity, tool joints and tool joints angle on ECD. Correlations obtained through a dimensional analysis are presented for the studied system. The idea of an EXCEL template built in VBA for applications to calculate ECD on a wellbore is also presented

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Study of Cuttings Transport Using Foam with Drill Pipe Rotation under Simulated Downhole Conditions

Foam is gaining increasing applications in drilling, cementing, fracturing and oil displacement, etc. in the petroleum industry. In underbalanced drilling applications, foam not only helps to reduce formation damage and deal with drilling problems such as lost circulation, differential pressure sticking, low drilling rate, etc., but also initiates earlier production if pressure is properly controlled. This reduces the time for recovering the drilling cost, especially for many of the low pressure, low permeability reservoirs. Compared with conventional and aerated drilling fluids, foam is a compressible and relatively homogeneous mixture. This makes possible a great flexibility for pressure control. Areas where there is a high demand for control of multi-pressure systems will find useful application for this flexibility. An important potential application of foam is in Deep Water Drilling, where the margin between pore pressure and facture pressure is very narrow. While great efforts are putting on Dual Gradient Drilling 17, foam may serve as a “Continuous/Multiple Gradient Drilling” fluid by properly controlling the surface foam properties, back pressure and flow rate.

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Determination of Cuttings Lag in Horizontal and Deviated Wells

A literature review, preliminary modeling, preliminary experimental work and recent development of this project are presented in this report. The literature review has been focused on cuttings transport in horizontal and slightly inclined well-bores, solid- liquid flow patterns (two and three layer models), particle slip velocity and particle tracking. To model the phenomena, correlations developed by Larsen8, Iyoho 12 and Chien18 were used to calculate the particle traveling velocity, and then it was used to associate the particles with their original location using other relationships. Preliminary experimental work has been completed using the Low Pressure Ambient Temperature Flow Loop (L.P.A.T.) and a high speed camera. Due to a recent development the current report includes a suggested modification of the flow loop in order to record the bed height in the inclined condition.

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Modeling of Casing Running in High Angle Wells

The ability to successfully run very long casing strings in Extended Reach (ER) wells is essential in order to develop reserves at increasing departures1. Even though casing running has been extensively studied, for casing running in high angle wells, it is evident that both theoretical understanding and modeling are beginning to lag behind operational experience. Failure to reach target depth often has a profound consequence on well deliverability and overall cost.

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