AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF HENRY'S LAW CONSTANTS FOR SELECTED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN OIL SHALE RETORT WATERS

Henry's law constants were measured for selected compounds found in oil shale retort waters. The Henry's law constant values were measured in two oil shale retort waters and in distilled water at three temperatures. Linear regressions were performed with the measured values at the three temperatures to obtain a temperature relationship for Henry's law. The measured HLC values compared well with literature values, and statistical analysis showed that both the complex nature of the retort waters and the temperature had significant effects on the HLC values. The retort waters therefore produce a matrix effect which indicates that HLC values should be measured for the compounds of interest in each retort water studied.

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ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVES ON SETTING ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

Natural scientists, engineers, economists, political scientists, and policy analysts tend to perceive the process of health, safety, and environmental standard setting in radically different ways. Each of these five perspectives has some validity and value: the standard-setting process is so multi-faceted that, like sculpture, it can best be understood when viewd from several vantage points. In this report, I first view the standard setting process from the angels of analytical vision of natural scientists, engineers, economists, political scientists, and policy analysts, in turn.

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CONTROL OF SULFUR EMISSIONS FROM OIL SHALE RETORTING USING SPENT SHALE ABSORPTION

Control of sulfur emissions is a key environmental concern in the retorting of oil shale. Oil shale may contain 2% or more sulfur, while a typical shale in the Green River Formation of Colorado contains about 0.7% sulfur. Although this sulfur concentration is not large compared to some high sulfur coals, large-scale production of shale oil will require processing millions of tonnes of oil shale; thus, sulfur emissions would be very great if controls were not applied. About 16 to 30% of the sulfur in oil shale is liberated to the vapors produced during retorting, and the remainder stays with the spent shale. Retort gases generally contain hydrogen sulfide as the major sulfur compound and lesser amounts of other organic sulfur compounds such as sulfur dioxide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and mercaptans.

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POLYCHORINATED BIPHENYLS 1929-1979

On June 26, 1975, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency awarded contract no. 68-01-3259 to Versar, Inc. Under this contract, it was anticipated that Versar would be assigned a number of tasks to assess the microeconomic impacts of regulatory alternatives which the EPA would consider for various toxic substances. The first task assigned under this contract required Versar to review and summarize the existing data on the use of polychlorinated biphenyls and to identify the industrial segments that might be impacted by regulations limiting the use of PCBs.

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TESI SITE PRE-FRACTURE WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGY REPORT

Prefracture water quality and hydrology analyses have been completed for the TESI site near Rock Springs, Wyoming. Sampling were conducted primarily at six observations wells designed to monitor the characteristics of the two primary aquifer in the site area. The locations of these aquifers have been identified at depths of 249 to 273 feet and 414 to 442 feet respectively. Laboratory analyses of the core sample, confirmed by visual inspection, indicates that rock in the test zone is of low permeability and that water can be expected to flow mainly through fracture zones. There results were confirmed by the presence of fractures from which bubbling and flowing water emanated as observed through the down-hole camera. Pump tests performed on each observation well indicate that the specific capacity of the shallow aquifers varied from 0.005 to 0.21 GPM/FT, while for the deep aquifers the specific capacity ranged from 0.002 to 0.009 GPM/FT. It was noted that the specific yield of observation well 0-6 was relatively high, indicating a local occurrence of large fractures which contain and transmit significant amounts of water. Water quality analyses conducted for both the lower and upper aquifers indicated that the lower aquifer was significantly cleaner than the upper aquifer, reflecting better filtration of the water at the lower level. Species concentrations were generally 20 times higher in the upper aquifer. The water can be classified as very poor and not suitable for use even as irrigation water.

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QUALITY ASSURANCE GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH

This document is a statement of the quality assurance (QA) policy of the Health Effects Research Laboratory (HERL), US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. It describes the HERL QA organization and the QA responsibilities of both management and technical research personnel in relation to the mandatory Agency QA policy and project data quality requirements. It provides guidelines for managers in the implementation of Agency QA policy and evaluation of research documentation, and presents guidelines for project officers for 1) specification of QA requirements for extramural and intramural tasks, 2) preparation of QA project plans and research protocols for intramural research and support tasks, 3) review and evaluation of QA program and project plans for extramural projects, and 4) review and evaluation of data quality throughout the project term. Aspects of research projects that must be considered by project officers in the development or review of QA plans are treated in detail. These guidelines are reviewed and revised annually by the HERL QA office, the QA committee, and HERL division directors.

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BX IN SITU OIL SHALE PROJECT FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

"The purpose of the environmental assessment report is to present a summary of the observed effects of the pilot scale BX in situ oil shale project on the local environment, and provide an estimate of potential impacts on the environment from a conceptual 10,000 barrel/day commercial scale operation.  The following report is intended to provide information to interested parties to assist in determining the compatibility of the commercial scale operation with national and local goals and growth objectives. To this end, the following report has been organized into six sections."

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(ENVIRONMENTAL) QUARTERLY REPORT DECEMBER 1, 1982 THROUGH FEBRUARY 28, 1983

The following report is organized into three sections. Section A-air resources, presents data collected by the Mechanical Weather Station between October 10, and December 31, 1982. No data from this 100 foot tower were available at the time of preparation of this report. Section B-water resources includes a summary and analysis of field data collected during the February-March field trip. No other field studies took place during this quarter. Laboratory analysis data from the February-March field trip will be presented in the June 1983 Quarterly Report. Section C-aquatic biology, summarizes planned activities for 1983. There were no aquatic biology field trips conducted during the last quarter, so there are no data to report at this time. The next field trip is tentatively scheduled for early April.

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Quarterly Report June 1, 1982 through August 31, 1982

The following report has been organized into three sections. Section A-air resources includes an analysis of data collected between December 1, 1981 and May 26, 1982. Section B-water resources, includes a summary and analysis of data collected during the field sampling trip conducted between June 16-18, 1982. Section C-aqautic biology, presents the results for the periphyton algae, benthic invertebrate and streambed substrate samples collected April 13, 1982. The results are evaluated and discussed relative to 1981 findings.

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BX IN-SITU OIL SHALE PROJECT ANNUAL STATUS REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORTING AND ANALYSIS MARCH 1, 1981-FEBRUARY 28, 1982

The objective of the BX in situ oil shale project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of using superheated steam as a heat carrying medium to retort in situ the oil shale in the Green River Formation "leached" zone and provide a mechanism for the recovery of this shale oil with a minimum impact on the environment. Utilizing primarily the natural porosity in the leached zone, approximately one trillion BTU of heat will be injected into a site over a 2 year period to heat to retorting temperature a shale zone approximately 550 feet thick and covering about one acre. The field project is located at Equity's BX in situ site in Rio Blanco County in northwestern Colorado.

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Quarterly Report December 1, 1981 through February 28, 1982

The following report has been organized into three sections for ease of review. Section A-air resources includes an analysis of the September through November season and presents all data collected through january 31, 1982. Section B-water resources includes only a summary of work conducted since the last quarterly report, as no new data have been collected. Section C-aquatic biology presents results for the periphyton algae samples colleted in August and October 1981. These results are evaluated and compared to the results from the February and March 1981, field trips.

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BX IN SITU OIL SHALE PROJECT ANNUAL REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ANALYSIS FOR MARCH 1,1979-FEBRUARY 29, 1980

The objective of the BX in situ oil shale project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of using superheated steam as a heat carrying medium to retort in situ the oil shale in the Green River Formation "leached" zone and provide a mechanism for the recovery of this shale oil with a minimum impact on the environment. Utilizing primarily the natural porosity in the leached zone, approximately one trillion BTU of heat will be injected into a site over a 2 year period to heat to retorting temperature a shale zone approximately 550 feet thick and covering about one acre. The field project is located at Equity's BX in situ site in Rio Blanco County in northwestern Colorado.

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SUMMARY OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH:  OIL SHALE

The production of oil from shale presents a number of potential risks to human health and the environment. These risks are associated with impacts on air and water quality, solid waste disposal, habitat disturnace, and other effects of shale oil production. Research in the US, Estonia, and Scotland indicates that sulfur oxides are perhaps the most important air pollutants and will require very high removal efficiencies. High concentrations of organics and salts in the oil shale wastewaters present a considerable challenge in treating these waters.

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FINAL PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT DEVELOPMENT POLICY OPTIONS FOR THE NAVAL OIL SHALE RESERVES IN COLORADO

This programmatic statement examines five development policy options and eight liquid fuel alternatives, one of which is oil shale on NOSR 1. The other seven are oil shale on other lands, conservation, enhanced oil recovery, offshore oil production, coal liquefaction, biomass/alcohol and "no action at this time." The document compares the environmental impacts of two levels of production from NOSR 1 to those of an equivalent production from other liquid fuel sources. The socioeconomic and financial impacts of the five development policy options, which range from zero to 100% government participation, are also evaluated.

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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PR SPRING COMBINED HYDROCARBON LEASE CONVERSION

The draft and final environmental impact statements (EISs) assess the environmental consequences of federal approval of converting existing oil and gas leases within the PR Spring and Hill Creek Special Tar Sand Areas (STSAs) to combined hydrocarbon leases. The Proposed lease conversions include the Beartooth A, Beartooth B, Bradshaw, Duncan, Enercor, Enserch, Farleigh, Kirkwood, Mobil, and Thompson projects. The EISs address the site specific and cumulative impacts of the 10 proposed actions and no action alternatives.

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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT WOLF RIDGE CORPORATION MINE PLAN FOR A NAHCOLITE SOLUTION MINE

On October 9, 1984, Wolf Ridge Corporation (WRC), the holder of four federal sodium lease tracts within the Piceance Basin in northwest Colorado, submitted a mine plan to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for a commercial-scale nahcolite solution mine. Initial screening of the mine plan indicated that it represented a major federal action with the potential for significant impacts; therefore, pursuant to Section 102 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), BLM determined that an environmental impact statement would be required in conjunction with approval of the mine plan.

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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT ON THE SUNNYSIDE COMBINED HYDROCARBON LEASE CONVERSION

This environmental impact statement (EIS) assesses the direct and indirect environmental consequences of federal approval of conversion of existing oil and gas leases within the Sunnyside Special Tar Sand Area (STSA) to combined hydrocarbon leases. These lease conversions are proposed by five applicants. Each applicant has submitted a plan of operations for converting these leases. This EIS addresses the collective and cumulative impacts of the proposed actions, a partial conversion alternative and/or special mitigation, a unitized development alternative, and a no action alternative. Major project components include four proposed open pit mines, one in-situ area and four processing plants.

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UTAH COMBINED HYDROCARBON LEASING REGIONAL FINAL IES  VOLUME II:  LEASING CATEGORY AMENDMENTS

This volume of the EIS contains proposals for amending leasing categories for seven of the 11 STSAs in Utah. Land use plans for three BLM Districts will require recategorization. Included in this volume are 1) an explanation of purpose and need for this EIS; 2) a description of the planning process; and 3) site-specific data for each STSA, including descriptions of the existing environment, proposed alternatives for recategorization, and anticipated environmental consequences resulting from recategorization.

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UTAH COMBINED HYDROCARBON LEASING REGIONAL FINAL IES  VOLUME I:  REGIONAL ANALYSIS

This volume of the Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) provides an analysis of regional impacts resulting from implementation of two different development levels, and no action. This volume is an overview and cumulative impact analysis of potential tar sand development. It also serves as the regional tier, as explained in the Council of Environmental Quality's (CEQ) regulations implementing the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

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WATER RESOURCE ISSUES AND ASSOCIATED LITERATURE PICEANCE BASIN, COLORADO

In 1982 BLM organized an oil shale hydrology task force, consisting of seven water resource professionals from Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. Their task was to: 1) determine which hydrologic issues were of major importance to BLM in its oil shale development program, 2) identify water resource data and information needed to address those issues, and 3) identify currently available studies that could help address the various issues during preparation of RMPs or ESs.

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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FEDERAL PROTOTYPE OIL SHALE TRACT C-A OFFTRACT LEASE

This environmental impact statement assesses the effects of offtract disposal of waste materials associated with a proposed open pit mine on Federal Prototype Oil Shale Lease Tract C-a. The proposed action is to place retorting and other facilities, plus waste materials on an area adjacent to Tract C-a known as 84 Mesa. Alternative sites for waste disposal were investigated in areas known as Philadelphia Creek and the West Fork of Spring Creek. Additionally, a no action alternative was evaluated in which no offtract leasing would occur, but all facilities and wastes would be placed within the existing lease boundaries of Tract C-a. The decision making process involved in the selection of preferred alternative included consideration of environmental factors, safety factors, resource management considerations pertinent to the mineral rich Piceance Basin, and the overall goals of the Federal Prototype Oil Shale Leasing Program.

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DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FEDERAL PROTOTYPE OIL SHALE TRACT C-A OFFTRACT LEASE

This environmental impact statement assesses the effects of offtract disposal of waste materials associated with a proposed open pit mine on Federal Prototype Oil Shale Lease Tract C-a. The proposed action is to place retorting and other facilities, plus waste materials on an area adjacent to Tract C-a known as 84 Mesa. Alternative sites for waste disposal were investigated in areas known as Philadelphia Creek and the West Fork of Spring Creek. Additionally, a no action alternative was evaluated in which no offtract leasing would occur, but all facilities and wastes would be placed within the existing lease boundaries of Tract C-a. The decision making process involved in the selection of preferred alternative included consideration of environmental factors, safety factors, resource management considerations pertinent to the mineral rich Piceance Basin, and the overall goals of the Federal Prototype Oil Shale Leasing Program.

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LEGISLATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL LMPACT STATEMENT

The Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management propose to interchange lands and minerals management responsibilities throughout their areas of jurisdiction. The purpose of this proposed interchange are 1) to enhance public service; 2) to improve the efficiency of managing natural resources; and 3) to reduce BLM and Forest Service costs of managing lands and minerals. Legislation would be needed to implement the interchange because existing law does not allow such a large exchange of lands or minerals authority between the two agencies.

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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT FOR THE PROTOTYPE OIL SHALE LEASING PROGRAM VOLUME VI:  PUBLIC HEARINGS HELD DURING THE REVIEW PROCESS

"This action would make available for private development up to six leases of public oil shale lands of not more than 5,120 acres each. Two tracts are located in each of the State of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming.  Oil shale development would produce both direct and indirect changes in the environment of the oil shale region in each of the three States where commercial quantities of oil shale resources exist. Many of the environmental changes would be of local significance, and others would be of an expanding nature and have cumulative impact."

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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT FOR THE PROTOTYPE OIL SHALE LEASING PROGRAM VOLUME V:  LETTERS RECEIVED DURING REVIEW PROCESS

"This action would make available for private development up to six leases of public oil shale lands of not more than 5,120 acres each. Two tracts are located in each of the State of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming.  Oil shale development would produce both direct and indirect changes in the environment of the oil shale region in each of the three States where commercial quantities of oil shale resources exist. Many of the environmental changes would be of local significance, and others would be of an expanding nature and have cumulative impact."

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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT FOR THE PROTOTYPE OIL SHALE LEASING PROGRAM VOLUME IV:  CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION WITH OTHERS

"This action would make available for private development up to six leases of public oil shale lands of not more than 5,120 acres each. Two tracts are located in each of the State of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming.  Oil shale development would produce both direct and indirect changes in the environment of the oil shale region in each of the three States where commercial quantities of oil shale resources exist. Many of the environmental changes would be of local significance, and others would be of an expanding nature and have cumulative impact."

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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT FOR THE PROTOTYPE OIL SHALE LEASING PROGRAM VOLUME III:  SPECIFIC IMPACTS OF PROTOTYPE OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT

This document is based on many sources of information, including research data and pilot programs developed by both the government and private industry over the past 30 years. Many factors, such as changing technology, eventual oil production levels, and attendant regional population increases are not precisely predictable.

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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT FOR THE PROTOTYPE OIL SHALE LEASING PROGRAM VOLUME II:  ENERGY ALTERATIVES

"The proposed program is in concert with the president's energy message of June 4, 1971, in which he requested the secretary of the interior to initiate a leasing program to develop our vast oil shale resources, provided that environmental questions can be satisfactorily resolved.  As part of the program, the department authorized informational core drilling at various sites in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah and 16 core holes were completed. The department requested nominations of proposed leasing tracts on November 2, 1971, and a total of 20 individual tracts of oil shale land were nominated."

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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT FOR THE PROTOTYPE OIL SHALE LEASING PROGRAM VOLUME I:  REGIONAL IMPACTS OF OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT

"The proposed program is in concert with the president's energy message of June 4, 1971, in which he requested the secretary of the interior to initiate a leasing program to develop our vast oil shale resources, provided that environmental questions can be satisfactorily resolved.  As part of the program, the department authorized informational core drilling at various sites in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah and 16 core holes were completed. The department requested nominations of proposed leasing tracts on November 2, 1971, and a total of 20 individual tracts of oil shale land were nominated."

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POWDER RIVER DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT COAL

This statement assesses the environmental consequences of four alternative levels of coal development. The alternatives range from leasing 19 tracts to leasing 13 tracts, and also includes the No-Action Alternative. The No-Action Alternative includes three I-90 coal exchanges, two noncompetitive leases, and 67 PRLAs totaling 15 mine units. The statement assesses impacts that would occur in Big Horn, Powder River, and Rosebud counties in Montana and Campbell, Converse, Crook, Johnson, Natrona, Sheridan, and Weston counties in Wyoming, as a result of coal leasing and development; and, cumulative impacts from the I-90 exchanges, noncompetitive leases, and PRLAs.

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION RESEARCH PROGRAM NEAR HANNA, CARBON COUNTY, WYOMING FOR LARAMIE ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER

The Laramie Energy Research Center proposes to continue research on in situ coal gasification at its research site near Hanna, Wyoming. While the United States has huge resources of coal, only a small portion is considered economically minable using present day technology. Underground coal gasification consists of drilling conventional wells to a coal seam and igniting the seam, followed by air or oxygen injection to induce the gasification reactions necessary to produce a combustible gas.

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DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT CLEAR CREEK SHALE OIL PROJECT

"This is the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for the Clear Creek Oil Shale Project. Your review and comments on the adequacy of the DEIS are invited.  The project includes a combination underground/surface mine; retort and upgrading facilities; a water system; two storage reservoirs; and support facilities. Alternatives to the Proposed Action consist of three different project configurations with all of the ancillary facilities and No Action. Based on the issues and concerns identified during the scoping process the EIS focuses on the impacts to socioeconomics, water quality, air quality, and cumulative impacts."

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