AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
In-situ Removal of Arsenic - Experiences of DPHE-Danida Pilot Project

Two well-known methods of iron removal were tried to see their effectiveness in removing arsenic. One of these was in-situ sedimentation and the other was conventional iron removal technique. The analysis of the preliminary results revealed that both the methods are capable of bringing down arsenic level to Bangladesh standard when the raw water concentration is of the order of 0.1mg/l. The higher values could however, be reduced to halves of their originals. The former contamination level accounts for 50% of the total contaminated tubewells in most of the arsenic problem area. The promotion of these methods can bring a good range of coverage in arsenic mitigation in the country. The methods being chemical free are likely to be well accepted by the people. The methods may, however, be further improved for wider range of effectiveness and need to be field-tested for acceptability by the target group before mass scale promotion.

Tags: Arsenic Removal, Geographic, task 9
Pennsylvania Spatial Data: Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database for Northumberland County

From the site: "This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties."

Tags: Geographic, Geology, Northumberland County, PASDA, Pennsylvania, Soils, data, download, gis, soil, soil survey
Sr evolution in the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic carbonates, NE Sichuan basin, China

Petrographic features, C, O and Sr isotopes, rare earth and trace elements were determined, and fluid inclusions were analyzed on various stages of interparticle cements and vug-fillings from the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic sour reservoirs in northeastern Sichuan basin. The aim was to assess the origin and evolution of palaeo-waters in the carbonates. The original water was contemporary seawater, from which marine cements precipitated with slightly high Sr contents (mean 1911 ppm), 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.7067 to 0.7082 and nonluminescent CL. The palaeo-seawater was diluted by meteoric water, as
indicated by bright cathodoluminescence (CL) and Sr-depletion (0–516 ppm) in low-temperature calcite. When buried to temperatures of about 60–90 C during Middle to Late Triassic, the palaeo-water was enriched in Sr released from the transformation of precursor aragonite and calcite to dolomite, resulting
in precipitation of substantial pre-bitumen Sr-rich minerals (SrSO4 and SrCO3). For un-dolomitized limestone sections, aragonite neomorphism may have contributed Sr to the precipitation of small amounts of Sr-bearing minerals and calcite crystals with elevated homogenization temperatures (HTs, mainly from
90 to 130 C) and wide Sr contents (from 34 to 3825 ppm), as recorded in stage III calcite. Since the Middle Jurassic, almost all of the early stage celestite and significant amounts of solid CaSO4 have been consumed by reactions with hydrocarbons (i.e., TSR), resulting in water enriched in isotopically light CO2 and HCO 3 ; Sr2þ; Ba2þ and Eu2+, as recorded in calcite with low d13C values (down to 18.9‰), 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.7072 to 0.7076, high HTs (mainly 110–198 C), positive Eu anomalies and high Sr and Ba contents. Subsequently, the water was uplifted and cooled down to about 115 C, celestite and strontianite were precipitated with the occurrence of natural elemental S immiscible inclusions. TSR may have produced significant amounts of freshwater, which brought down Sr concentrations and salinities of the palaeowaters to not more than about 6.0 wt.% NaCl equivalent.

Tags: Information Technology, Isotopes, Permian, SR, Triassic, fluid inclusion
West Virginia Well Log Information

This web server, run by the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, contains links to:

WVGES Scanned Well Logs
WVGES Digitized Logs
WVGES Slabbed Core Photographs
WVGES Rock Information (includes Well Sample Descriptions)
WVGES E-Files (Scanned Plats, Completions, etc)

Tags: Marcellus Shale, Slab Core Photos, Well Data, Well Description, Well Log, West Virginia, West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, task 9
Evaluation of fluid rxns supcrit CO2 and NaCl brine: integrity of a geologic C repository

The reactive behavior of a mixed fluid (supercritical CO2 and brine) under physical–chemical conditions relevant to geologic storage and sequestration in a carbon repository is largely unknown. Experiments were conducted in a flexible cell hydrothermal apparatus to evaluate fluid–rock (aquifer plus aquitard) reactions that may adversely impact the integrity of the repository. A 5.5 molal NaCl brine–rock system was held at 200 8C and 200 bars (20 MPa) for 32 days (772 h) to approach steady state, then injected with CO2 and allowed to react for an additional 45 days (1079 h). In a separateexperiment at 200 8C and 200 bars, the system was allowed to react for 77 days (1845 h) without injection of CO2. Corroded magnesite and euhedral siderite crystallized in a paragenetic sequence after CO2 injection. Nucleation and growth of siderite on shale suggests the aquitard is a reactive component in the system. Changes in elemental abundances in the brine following addition of CO2 include pH decrease and depletion of sodium due to accelerated growth of analcime. A pH increase follows pressure and temperature decrease and loss of saturated CO2 from acidic brine. Silica concentrations and dissolution rates are enhanced and silica precipitation inhibited in the acidic brine. Geochemical reactions in a carbon repository extend beyond pH decrease and carbonate mineral precipitation. Rockdominated reaction systems yield to acid-dominated and related reactions controlled by mixed fluid equilibria (i.e., a fluiddominated system). Escape of CO2 or migration of brine from the repository into overlying aquifers may cause silica super-saturation and increased alkalinity due to mixed fluid phase equilibria. These geochemical changes could be monitored in aquifers as indicators of repository integrity. Return of silica super-saturated brine to a rock-dominated reaction system buffered to neutral pH conditions may enhance precipitation of quartz, chalcedony, or amorphous silica. In addition to the potential effects (beneficial or deleterious) that silica super-saturation and precipitation may hold for repository performance, an understanding of the effects of multi-phase equilibrium relationships between supercritical CO2 and dissolved silica in aquifer–brine systems also raises new questions for a variety of geologic systems. Multi-phase fluid equilibria may, for example, account for quartz cements in some sedimentary basin sandstones and quartz vein mineralization in some ore districts.

Tags: Geochemistry, Geology, carbon dioxide, crustal fluids, geologic sequestration, multi-phase fluids, quartz veins, task 9
Fact-Based Regulation for Environmental Protection in Shale Gas Development

The discovery of large reserves of natural gas in shale formations – shale gas – has been a major positive development for the energy picture of the US and the world. Yet a number of controversies over shale gas development have emerged that must be resolved in order for the full potential of this valuable resource to be realized. The Energy Institute has launched a series of initiatives to help deal with these issues and ensure responsible development of shale gas.

This Summary of Findings is from one of these initiatives that seek to help policymakers and regulators deal with shale gas issues in a rational manner based on factual information. The full report may be found on the Energy Institute website at:

http://energy.utexas.edu/

The Senior Contributors to the report are shown below with their respective areas of contribution:
Matt Eastin News Coverage and Public Perceptions of Hydraulic Fracturing
Ian Duncan Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas Development
Hannah Wiseman Regulation of Shale Gas Development
Hannah Wiseman State Enforcement of Shale Gas Development Regulation

The investigations continue, and findings will be updated and supplemented as progress is made. Future initiatives are planned to gather more field and laboratory information to improve the scientific basis for development of shale gas resources with adequate control and regulation.

Tags: Barnett Shale, Environmental Protection, Geology, Marcellus Shale, Shale Gas
How the Texas Natural Gas Boom Affects Health and Society

In the last decade, hydraulic fracturing and other new drilling technologies have turned North Texas into the leading shale gas-producing area in the country. But the drilling boom has brought with it serious concerns over the health and environmental impacts of an industry that uses large volumes of toxic chemicals in close proximity to Texas communities. The search for deposits of shale gas is spreading to other regions of Texas, raising the question of whether the state is adequately protecting its citizens and its resources.

Tags: Fluid Injection/Production, Marcellus Shale, Modeling, Oil, Public Health, Texas, Types of Data, task 9
CO2–brine–caprock interaction: Reactivity experiments on Eau Claire shale and review of literature

Long term containment of stored CO2 in deep geological reservoirs will depend on the performance of the caprock to prevent the buoyant CO2 from escaping to shallow drinking water aquifers or the ground surface. Here we report new laboratory experiments on CO2–brine–caprock interactions and a review of the relevant literature. The Eau Claire Formation is the caprock overlying the Mount Simon sandstone formation, one of the target geological CO2 storage reservoirs in the Midwest USA region. Batch experiments of Eau Claire shale dissolution in brine were conducted at 200 ◦C and 300 bars to test the extent of fluid-rock reactions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicate minor dissolution of K-feldspar and anhydrite, and precipitation of pore-filling and pore-bridging illite and/or smectite, and siderite in the vicinity of pyrite. We also reviewed relevant reactivity experiments, modeling work, and field observations in the literature in an attempt to help define the framework for future studies on the geochemical systems of the caprock overlain on geological CO2 storage formations. Reactivity of the caprock is generally shown to be low and limited to the vicinity of the CO2–caprock interface, and is related to the original caprock mineralogical and petrophysical properties. Stable isotope studies indicate that CO2 exists in both free phase and dissolved phase within the caprock. Carbonate and feldspar dissolution is reported in most studies, along with clay and secondary carbonate precipitation. Currently, research is mainly focused on the micro-fracture scale geochemistry of the shaly caprock. More attention is required on the potential pore scale reactions that may become significant given the long time scale associated with geological carbon storage.

Tags: CO2, Caprock reactivity experiments, Eau Claire shale, Geochemistry, Geological carbon sequestration, Geology, marcellus, task 9
Pennsylvania Spatial Data: Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database for Perry County

From the site: "This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties."

Tags: Geographic, Geology, PASDA, Pennsylvania, Perry County, Soils, data, download, gis, soil, soil survey
Pennsylvania Spatial Data: Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database for Philadelphia County

From the site: "This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties."

Tags: Geographic, Geology, PASDA, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia County, Soils, data, download, gis, soil, soil survey
UTILIZATION OF OIL SHALE ENERGY AND OIL SHALE MIN IN THE PRODUCTION OF CEMENT AND HYDR BINDERS

In Dotternhausen, Germany, Rohrbach Zement has been successfully using Posidonia shale in a complex process for more than 60 years. The oil shale is
rather poor with only 9 % organic matter, a calorific value of 3400 kJ/kg, an oil yield of 40–45 l/t and an ash content of 71 %. The deposit consists of
a 9-m-thick flat layer of bituminous calcareous marl, which is mined in an open cast mine. The utilization of oil shale is integrated into the manufacture of cement and other hydraulic binding agents. Part of the oil shale is directly used in the precalciner of the rotary kiln for cement clinker production. Finely ground oil shale supplies 20 % of the thermal energy and 10 % of the raw minerals needed for the clinker burning process. Most of the oil shale however is burnt at certain conditions in fluidized-bed units to produce burnt oil shale with remarkable hydraulic properties. The heat of this burning process is used simultaneously to produce electricity. Hydraulic burnt oil shale is mainly used together with clinker to make Portland-Burnt Shale Cement (CEM II/B-T), according to European standard EN 197-1. But it is also suitable to produce burnt shale based binding agents for many applications in civil and soil engineering. The profitability of this oil shale operation is based on the complete utilization of both the oil shale energy and all of its minerals.

Tags: Geochemistry, Material Engineering Data, Minerals, Oil Shale, hydraulic binders
Marcellus Shale: Cementing and Well Casing Violations

Natural gas extracted from shale formations is one of the fastest growing sources of energy in the United States. Our IQP analyzes public data regarding regulatory violations related to the casing and cementing of shale gas extraction wells in the state of Pennsylvania. Computer based data analysis programs including Microsoft Excel and MATLAB were used to generate visual representations of the data, which allowed our group the ability to more easily identify trends. Our group also interviewed experts on the shale gas industry in order to gain a more complete understanding of the issues at hand. These specialists included petroleum engineers from drilling companies such as Range Resources, employees at U.S. government agencies such as the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and academic experts from institutions such as Cornell University. After these interviews and a thorough analysis of the available data, our group recognized and provided explanations for trends in the data. Some noteworthy trends identified by the group included the clustering of violations in the north-central region of Pennsylvania, and the fact that some companies appear to operate with a lower level of cementing and well casing violations. The group also identified specific areas which may need continuing research including the way that well sites are chosen for inspection and the effects of drilling through younger, shallower hydrocarbon formations in order to access the Marcellus Shale. Our final report was submitted to the DOE for use in their continuing research.

Tags: Cement, Geology, Marcellus Shale, Task 9, Violations, Well Casing
Sulfide Oxidation Coupled to Arsenate Reduction by a Diverse Microbial Community in a Soda Lake

We characterized the arsenate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing population of Mono Lake, California, by analyzing the distribution and diversity of rrnA, cbbL, and dissimilatory arsenate reductase (arrA) genes in environmental DNA, arsenate-plus sulfide-amended lake water, mixed cultures, and isolates. The arsenate-reducing community was diverse. An organism represented by an rrnA sequence previously retrieved from Mono Lake and affiliated with the Desulfobulbaceae (Deltaproteobacteria) appears to be an important member of the arsenate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing community. Sulfide oxidation coupled with arsenate reduction appears to proceed via a two-electron transfer, resulting in the production of arsenite and an intermediate S compound that is subsequently disproportionated. A realgar-like As/S mineral was formed in some experiments.

Tags: Arsenate Reduction, Biologic, California, Geology, Mono Lake, Soda Lak, Sulfide Oxidation
Pennsylvania Spatial Data: Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database for Pike County

From the site: "This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties."

Tags: Geographic, Geology, PASDA, Pennsylvania, Pike County, Soils, data, download, gis, soil, soil survey
Pennsylvania Spatial Data: Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database for Potter County

From the site: "This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties."

Tags: Geographic, Geology, PASDA, Pennsylvania, Potter County, Soils, data, download, gis, soil, soil survey
Pennsylvania Spatial Data: Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database for Schuylkill County

From the site: "This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties."

Tags: Geographic, Geology, PASDA, Pennsylvania, Schuylkill County, Soils, data, download, gis, soil, soil survey
Probing Influence of Reactions between Fracture Fluids and Marcellus Shale

In this study we investigated Marcellus Shale metal extractability, and reactivity with fracturing fluids, through bulk extractions and experiments in high-pressure, high-temperature autoclave systems. The primary goals for this study are to evaluate the role of shale-fluid reactions on controlling produced water chemistry, and to evaluate the potential for metals to be extracted from organic-rich shales under various environmental conditions.

Tags: Fluid, Fluids, Fracking, Geochemistry, Hydraulic Fracturing, Marcellus Shale, flowback, geochemistry, task 9