AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership CO2 Sequestration GIS Analysis

This report presents the Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis part of the Phase I study of the West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (WESTCARB). In this report, GIS software and other tools were used to characterize the WESTCARB region and assess its carbon sequestration potential. The WESTCARB member states include Alaska, Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington.

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Evaluation and Enhancement of Carbon Dioxide Flooding Through Sweep Improvement

This research is studying the effectiveness of carbon dioxide (CO2) flooding in a mature reservoir to identify and develop methods and strategies to improve oil recovery in CO2 floods. The objective of the project is to develop a methodology for improving sweep efficiency and reducing CO2 utilization rates by performing a detailed post-mortem on a mature CO2 project that relates actual reservoir performance with predicted performance. Knowledge gained from this detailed analysis will yield improved operating practices that will serve as a guide to improving oil recovery in active CO2 floods and as a strategy for implementing new CO2 floods.

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Origin Of Scale-Dependent Dispersivity And Its Implications For Miscible Gas Flooding

Dispersive mixing has an important impact on the effectiveness of miscible floods. The main objective of this project is to perform experimental and computational studies to understand the basic mechanisms of dispersion and mixing at pore scale. The understanding will be used to develop an improved multi-scale model of dispersion and to optimize field scale displacements. Experiments were carried out to measure concentration histories in a sand-pack at a scale of the order of 100 microns using a simple two-electrode microprobe inserted into the column. We used the multi-physics modeling software FEMLAB to investigate mixing in two-dimensional porous media by solving the Navier-Stokes and convection-diffusion equations in the pore space. We have also begun investigating other approaches for numerical modeling - particle tracking and dynamical systems. The computational studies qualitatively support the experimental observations and explain the mixing mechanism inside the pore body. We continue to make progress toward creating a robust, miniature and inexpensive nitrate ion selective electrodes (ISE) by electropolymerizing pyrrole onto carbon fiber substrates in a nitrate solution (nitrate becomes the dopant ion).

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MULTICOMPONENT SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND CALIBRATION TO IMPROVE RECOVERY FROM ALGAL MOUNDS: APPLICATION TO THE ROADRUNNER/TOWAOC AREA OF THE PARADOX BASIN, UTE MOUNTAIN UTE RESERVATION, COLORADO

This report describes the results made in fulfillment of contract DE-FG26-02NT15451, "Multicomponent Seismic Analysis and Calibration to Improve Recovery from Algal Mounds: Application to the Roadrunner/Towaoc Area of the Paradox Basin, Ute Mountain Ute Reservation, Colorado", for the Fifth Semi-Annual Report covering the time period November 1, 2004 through April 31, 2005.

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Oil Reservoir & Environmental Technologies In situ Permeable Barrier for BTEX Remediation

Direct-push groundwater circulation wells (DP-GCW) are a promising technology for remediation of groundwater contaminated with dissolved hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents. In these wells, groundwater is withdrawn from the formation at the bottom of the well, aerated and vapor stripped, and injected back into the formation at or above the water table. Previous field studies have shown that: (a) GCWs can circulate significant volumes of groundwater; and (b) GCWs can effectively remove volatile compounds and add oxygen.

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FIELD DEMONSTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE MISCIBLE FLOODING IN THE LANSING-KANSAS CITY FORMATION, CENTRAL KANSAS

A pilot carbon dioxide miscible flood was initiated in the Lansing Kansas City C formation in the Hall Gurney Field, Russell County, Kansas. The reservoir zone is an oomoldic carbonate located at a depth of about 2900 feet. The pilot consists of one carbon dioxide injection well and two production wells on about 10 acre spacing. Continuous carbon dioxide injection began on December 2, 2003. By the end of June 2005, 16.19 MM lb of carbon dioxide were injected into the pilot area. Carbon dioxide injection rates averaged about 227 MCFD during the last six months of the project. Carbon dioxide is produced in both production wells. The GOR has remained within the range of 4000-5000 for most the last six months. Wells in the pilot area produced 100% water at the beginning of the flood. Oil production began in February 2004, increasing to an average of about 3.78 B/D for the six month period between January 1 and June 30, 2005. Cumulative oil production was 1494 bbls. Neither well has experienced increased oil production rates expected from the arrival of the oil bank generated by carbon dioxide injection. Injection was converted to water on June 21, 2005 to reduce operating costs to a breakeven level with the expectation that sufficient carbon dioxide has been injected to displace the oil bank to the production wells by water injection.

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Stimulation Technology for Deep Well Completions

The goal is to reduce uncertainty and increase success in frontier and emerging deep formation gas plays, by evaluating the current state-of-the-art in stimulation technology for deep and/or high temperature formations via: 1) a comprehensive literature review and industry interviews, 2) evaluating rock mechanics issues, 3) studying fracture growth behavior in deep formation completions, and 4) performing three to five small case studies evaluating stimulation in key deep formations.

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Economics And Policy Of Carbon Sequestration In Agricultural Soils: A Review Of Recent Literature

Early in the debate on global warming and greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural soils were identified as a potential depository of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration was identified as a means of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. The progression of research pertaining to terrestrial C sequestration has moved from the estimation of the technical potential of soils to store CO2 to an examination of the economic and policy aspects of soil C sequestration.

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Long-term Cement Integrity of HPHT Cement Systems

Industry growth in the United States finds drillers moving into deeper and hotter frontiers in search of oil and gas. Remediation of failed cement jobs in deep hot wells costs the industry more than $100 million each year. While additives and well designed placement techniques can increase chances for achieving long-term zonal isolation in high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) wells, a high incidence of gas pressure on deep hot wells because of inadequate placement and mechanical failure of cements, continues to be reported.

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E&P Focus Vol. 1, No. 3

U.S. Department of Energy-funded research is pushing vertical seismic profiling (VSP) technology closer to fulfilling its promise as ?designer seismic? for America's oil and gas operators. VSP, which entails placing seismic signal receivers in boreholes and sources at the surface, allows the recording of much higher frequencies and higher-resolution images than does surface seismic, which has both receivers and sources at the surface. The result is an enhanced picture of the subsurface that helps operators reduce drilling risk and optimize oil and gas recovery. While VSP and other types of borehole seismology have been around for decades, its high costs, data processing hurdles, and industry's inherent reluctance to adopt new technology have limited its use. However, research projects managed by DOE?s National Energy Technology Laboratory are advancing the science of VSP data acquisition and  processing, demonstrating a broader applicability for VSP, and reducing the costs of this promising technology.

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Downhole Power Generation and Wireless Communications for Intelligent Completion Applications

The goal is to accelerate development and deployment of "intelligent well completion" technologies to optimize production of natural gas resources. The purpose of this project is to develop and test a wireless system for communicating downhole pressure and temperature data to the surface via acoustic waves, employing the tubing as a medium and a downhole electric power generator to drive low power electronics that acquire, process and transmit the data in real time.

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Ultra-Lightweight Cement

The objective of this project is to develop an improved ultra-lightweight cement. Focus during the project has been on use of ultra-lightweight hollow glass spheres (ULHS) as well as other, more traditional lightweight cement additives to create candidate compositions. These candidate compositions were evaluated in the laboratory through a series of design and performance tests. Field applications of promising ULHS compositions were conducted. This report includes a summary of all results obtained throughout the project.

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Mechanically-Assisted Jet Drilling System Configuration and Integration

Tempress'Mechanically-Assisted Jet Drilling project involves the development of a downhole intensifier (DHI) to boost the hydraulic pressure available in conventional coiled tubing to the level required for high-pressure jet erosion of rock. A review of high-pressure jet drilling and mechanically-assisted jet drilling was carried out to define the bottomhole assembly configuration and DHI performance specifications for coiled tubing drilling applications. Two BHA configurations were evaluated (1) mechanically-assisted jet drilling with the DHI deployed below a PDM drill motor and (2) high-pressure jet drilling with the DHI deployed upstream of a high-pressure jet drill. A hydraulic model of the DHI was coupled with a coiled tubing drilling circulation model to determine pressure and power available for jetting. Data on jet erosion of oil and gas producing formations and jet-assisted drilling was then applied to predict drilling rates. Other factors considered include steering, dogleg severity, extended reach, hole cleaning and coiled tubing pressure. The PDM will require heavy-duty bearings and a custom high-pressure seal. The drill motor/DHI combination BHA would be also be longer than a conventional motor BHA, which would limit application to long-radius well curves. The DHI/jet drill combination would be much shorter than a conventional motor and would allow high speed drilling through short radius build sections. This configuration also minimizes mechanical loads and vibrations on the BHA. Tempress will provide a DHI, a modified PDM, a mechanically-assisted jet bit and a high-pressure rotary jet drill for the project.

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Measurement and Interpretation of Seismic Attenuation for Hydrocarbon Exploration

The goals of this project are to develop our understanding of seismic loss mechanisms; measure attenuation in the laboratory; extract time-lapse attenuation estimates from field data; and interpret the results in terms of pore fluid and reservoir changes. This project is a combined effort of several organizations: Chevron Energy Technology Company, the Colorado School of Mines, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the University of California at Berkeley.

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Identification, Verification, and Compilation of Produced Water Management Practices for Conventional Oil and Gas Production Operations

The first site visited was the petrosantander water flood in the stewart field just northeast of garden city a few miles. Petrosantander took the water flood over about 10 years ago, and  has worked with the doe and  Kansas geological survey (kgs) to study the flood and  improve efficiencies. In terms of water management, petrosantander reinjects 100% of the water produced back into the morrow formation for enhanced recovery. Prior to reinjection the water is first run through a phase separator, which separates the water from the oil and gas. Chemical amendments are then added to the water (scale and bacteria inhibitors) and it is pumped to a series of tanks. The water is pumped centrifugally into the tanks to prevent stagnation and increase residence time in each tank. Oil is skimmed out of each tank, as necessary. The water is then pumped through a 50 micron sock filter to remove solids that may plug the reinjection wells. The water is pumped back out into the field and reinjected along with any makeup water that is added as necessary.

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A NOVEL PROCESS TO USE SALT CAVERNS TO RECEIVE SHIP BORNE LNG

This cooperative research project validates use of man made salt caverns to receive and store the cargoes of LNG ships in lieu of large liquid LNG tanks. Salt caverns will not tolerate direct injection of LNG because it is a cryogenic liquid, too cold for contact with salt. This research confirmed the technical processes and the economic benefits of pressuring the LNG up to dense phase, warming it to salt compatible temperatures and then directly injecting the dense phase gas into salt caverns for storage.

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Characteristics of Produced Water Discharged to the Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone

Each summer, an area of low dissolved oxygen (the hypoxic zone) forms in the shallow near shore Gulf of Mexico waters from the Mississippi River Delta westward to near the Texas/Louisiana border. Most scientists believe that the leading contributor to the hypoxic zone is input of nutrients (primarily nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers. The nutrients stimulate growth of phytoplankton. As the phytoplankton subsequently die, they fall to the bottom waters where they are  decomposed by microorganisms. The decomposition process consumes oxygen in the bottom waters to create hypoxic conditions.

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Potential Of Restored Prairie Wetlands In The Glaciated North American Prairie To Sequester Atmospheric Carbon

The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) covers about 900,000 km2 (347,500 mi2), which is approximately a fourth of the area in the Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership region. Specifically, the PPR covers portions of Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota in the United States and Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba in Canada. Formed largely by glacial events, this region historically was dominated by grasslands interspersed with shallow palustrine wetlands.

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The Contribution Of Soils To Carbon Sequestration

Soils are among the largest pools of carbon and hold great promise for mitigating increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) (Marland et al., 2001) (all references cited in the Executive Summary are found in the reference section of the report). In natural conditions, CO2 from the atmosphere can be stored in the soil as a solid. When soils are managed to increase carbon uptake, it is commonly referred to as carbon sequestration. Carbon is stored in soils in two forms, as soil organic carbon or soil inorganic carbon. Soil organic carbon forms through plant uptake and decomposition, while soil inorganic carbon forms through mineralization. To take advantage of these natural processes that pull CO2 from the atmosphere, alternate farming and resource management practices can be employed that increase the carbon stock in biomass and soils. The promotion and implementation of water and land management practices that enhance carbon buildup in biomass and soils include adopting conservation tillage, reducing soil erosion, and minimizing soil disturbance; using buffer strips along waterways; enrolling land in conservation programs; restoring and better managing wetlands; restoring degraded lands; converting marginal croplands to wetlands or grasslands; eliminating summer fallow (Lal et al., 1999; Paustian and Cole, 1998), using perennial grasses and winter cover crops; and fostering an increase in forests (Peterson et al., 1999).

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Oil Reservoir Characterization and co2 Injection Monitoring in the Permian Basin with Croswell Electromagnetic Imaging

The Crosswell Electromagnetic Imaging Tool was developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) from 1991 to 2000. ElectroMagnetic Instruments, Inc. (EMI) was created by former LLNL scientists to further the research and commercialization of the Crosswell Electromagnetic Imaging down-hole logging tool. EMI developed a five-well pattern test site in Richmond, CA, to continue testing and construction of the tool prior to commercial field tests.

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Factors Affecting The Potential For Co2 Leakage From Geologic Sinks

The success of geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration as a large-scale carbon management strategy is critically dependent on the ability of the geologic sinks and trapping mechanisms to confine the injected CO2 for hundreds to thousands of years. Leakage of CO2 from geologic sinks could result in significant release of the CO2 back to the atmosphere, potentially reducing, if not negating altogether, the benefits of geologic CO2 sequestration. For example, a leakage rate of 1% per year from 1 billion tons of geologically stored CO2 (10 million tons) would exceed the current annual CO2 emissions from all the power plants in North Dakota (4 million tons). Further, leakage could have negative ecological effects and present the potential for health problems other than global warming.

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Seismic and Rockphysics Diagnostics of Multiscale Reservoir Textures

This final technical report summarizes the results of the work done in this project. The main objective was to quantify rock microstructures and their effects in terms of elastic impedances in order to quantify the seismic signatures of microstructures. Acoustic microscopy and ultrasonic measurements were used to quantify microstructures and their effects on elastic impedances in sands and shales. The project led to the development of technologies for quantitatively interpreting rock microstructure images, understanding the effects of sorting, compaction and stratification in sediments, and linking elastic data with geologic models to estimate reservoir properties. For the public, ultimately, better technologies for reservoir characterization translates to better reservoir development, reduced risks, and hence reduced energy costs.

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Appendix E Wild Rose Petrophysics

Petro Data Integration, LLC, was contracted by Advanced Resources International (ARI), Denver office, to supply petrophysical and geoscience consulting in support of the water remediation and enhanced gas recovery project in the Greater Green River and Wind River Basins. The United States Department of Energy (DE-FC-02NT41437) funded this project. British Petroleum provided data, and Schlumberger Oilfield Services gave technical support. The overall goal of the project was to process petrophysics for wells in the 18N, 94W township of the Wild Rose Field, and look for methods to distinguish water from gas. Work commenced on August 11, 2004, and was completed by October 1, 2004.

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Appendix D Working Model for Reservoir Development

After twenty years of production operations in the tight gas reservoirs of the Rockies, producible (moveable) water is being encountered with increasing frequency. This represents a significant paradox with respect to historical assumptions of these deep geopressured basinal areas being relatively ?dry? i.e., without significant moveable water. A better understanding of the nature and occurrence of the water problem is necessary to avoid producing unacceptably large quantities of unwanted water.

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Appendix C Produced Water Geochemistry

Water samples for this study were taken during the summers of 2003 and 2004 from around the Green River and Wind River Basins areas of Wyoming as shown in fig. C-1. Data for the new samples collected for this study are included in a spreadsheet linked to this appendix (geochem_data_analysis_examples.xls). This spreadsheet also contains examples of calculations and charts used by Dr. Leta K. Smith for some data analysis and interpretation tasks.

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Adaptive Management and Planning Models for Cultural Resources in Oil and Gas Fields in New Mexico and Wyoming

In 2002, Gnomon, Inc., entered into a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) for a project entitled, Adaptive Management and Planning Models for Cultural Resources in Oil and Gas Fields in New Mexico and Wyoming (DE-FC26-02NT15445). This project, funded through DOE?s Preferred Upstream Management Practices grant program, examined cultural resource management practices in two major oil- and gas-producing areas, Southeastern New Mexico and the Powder River Basin of Wyoming (Figure 1). The purpose of this project was to examine how cultural resources have been investigated and managed and to identify more effective management practices. The project also was designed to build information technology and modeling tools to meet both current and future management needs. The goals of the project were described in the original proposal as follows: Goal 1. Create seamless information systems for the project areas. Goal 2. Examine what we have learned from archaeological work in the southeastern New Mexico oil fields and whether there are better ways to gain additional knowledge more rapidly or at a lower cost. Goal 3. Provide useful sensitivity models for planning, management, and as guidelines for field investigations. Goal 4. Integrate management, investigation, and decision- making in a real-time electronic system. Gnomon, Inc., in partnership with the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office (WYSHPO) and Western GeoArch Research, carried out the Wyoming portion of the project. SRI Foundation, in partnership with the New Mexico Historic Preservation Division (NMHPD), Statistical Research, Inc., and Red Rock Geological Enterprises, completed the New Mexico component of the project. Both the New Mexico and Wyoming summaries concluded with recommendations how cultural resource management (CRM) processes might be modified based on the findings of this research.

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Phase II Prospectus What Is the PCOR Partnership?

The Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership is a diverse group of public and private sector stakeholders working together to better understand the technical and economic feasibility of capturing and storing CO2 emissions from stationary sources of CO2 in the central interior of North America. The PCOR Partnership is managed by the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) at the University of North Dakota and is one of seven regional partnerships funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE?s) Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program and a broad range of project sponsors.

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Identification Of Co2 Sequestration Strategies For The PCOR Partnership Region

Phase I efforts focused on identifying and defining the carbon dioxide (CO2) sources, geologic sinks, and sequestration infrastructure within the Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership region. The PCOR Partnership has taken a market-based approach that focuses on the development of the information needed to monetize carbon credits from sequestration activities. This information was used to develop both short and long-range strategies for sequestration of CO2 in the region.

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