AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Information Management System for Environmental Controls Requirements for an Integrated Oil Shale Processing Industrial Complex

The present report is prepared as the third of a series of three deliverables under the DOE-DRI/FMR contract no. DE-AC02-82LC10845 titled "Control Technology and Process Modeling for Oil Shale." The overall objective of this project is to develop a computer modeling algorithm for environmental control scenarios of integrated oil shale facilities utilizing direct and indirect retorting technologies.

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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ON ABANDONMENT OF IN SITU OIL SHALE RETORTS

In-situ retorting of oil shale can cause degradation of groundwater resources when the spent shale is leached by re-invading ground water. Literature on this problem and on control technology for its mitigation is reviewed. Recommended research to evaluate this problem and develop control technology for its mitigation includes: 1) better definition of regulatory guidelines, 2) criticial evaluation of water availability for intentional leaching of large scale in-situ retorting projects, 3) characterization of leachate and examination of monitoring data from existing abandoned retorts at Tract C-a, and 4) development of modeling capability to predict long term effects.

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Design and Construction of the Pilot Scale Hot Gas Stripping Unit

A pilot scale hot gas stripping unit was designed and constructed in WRI’s water treatment research laboratory. To test the unit, hot gas stripping of Geokinetics-17 water was conducted and the parameters studied included varying liquid and gas rates, stripping temperature, and column height. The samples of the Geokinetic-17 retort water before and after stripping were analyzed for the NH3, CO2, and TOC concentrations. The results of the 3” column were compared to the 2” lab scale stripping column. The results are presented herein. Further runs on the different synfuel process water and analyses of the data are in progress and will be reported in the next report.

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OIL SHALE RESOURCES AND GEOLOGY OF THE GREEN RIVER FORMATION IN THE GREEN RIVER BASIN, WYOMING

Oil-yield data from 32 cores, 40 sets of drill cuttings, and two sets of channel samples provide an evaluation of oil shale resources in Wyoming's Green River Basin. Oil-shale resources at least 15 feet thick and with oil yield averages of at least 15 gallons per ton occur in the Tipton Shale, Wilkins Peak, and Laney Members of the Green River Formation. The total in-place shale-oil resource for the basin is estimated to be 244 billion barrels. The upper part of the Tipton Shale contains the riches oil-shale resource interval, with up to 35 feet of shale with an average oil yield of 30 gallons per ton. Oil shale's in the Wilkins Peak grade oil shale and barren rock. The Laney Member contains more than 100 feet of 15 gallon oil shale, but this resource is poorly defined because of a lack of core data. This report provides a statigraphic framework allowing new oil yield data to be correlated into a more detailed picture of oil-shale distribution and variability.

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AN EVALUATION OF TRIPLE QUADRUPOLE MS/MS FOR ON-LINE GAS ANALYSIS OF TRACE SULFUR COMPOUNDS FROM OIL SHALE PROCESSING

In order to effectively reduce sulfur gas content from shale processing to environmentally acceptable levels, H2S, COS, SO2 and CH3SH plus trace sulfur compounds must be removed Of these, the trace sulfur compounds have not been well characterized but should be known to ppm levels in order to optimize gas clean-up procedures. Most techniques for analysis of trace sulfur components in oil shale gases have limitations. The applications we describe using triple quadruple mass spectrometric techniques appears to have overcome may problems of trace sulfur analysis.

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COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. EF-76-A-04-3789 BETWEEN U. S. ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATON AND GEOKINETICS INC. AND AMINOIL USA, INC. FOR THE GEOKINETICS IN SITU OIL SHALE PROJECT

This agreement is entered into effective November1, 1976, by and between the United States of America as represented by the undersigned Contracting Officer of the United States Energy Research and Development administration, and Geokinetics Inc., A California Corporation with business offices located at 280 Buchanan Field Road, Concord, California 94520, and Aminoil USA, Inc., A Delaware Corporation with offices at 2800 North Loop West, Huston, Texas 77092, conducting a joint venture, with said Geokinetics Inc. as manager, styled Geokinetics Oil Shale Group.

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STOICHIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE N-T-U RETORTING PROCESS, Retorting Unit Report No. 5

Stoichiometric analysis may be defined as application of the laws of conservation of mass and energy to a system in conjunction with chemical relationships and physical measurements. For any system the amount of material and energy entering is equaled by the amount of material and energy leaving. If this balance is not achieved then errors in the method of making the balance or physical measurements must be found and corrected. Thus, the Stoichiometric analysis is a useful tool for insuring that accurate data are being obtained. Also this method of data analyzing is used to design new equipment and to enable comparisons to be made easily between different types of processes designed to perform the same basic task.

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"REFINERY TREATING PLANT OPERATIONS TREATING PLANT RUN No. 9, Report No. 15  Refinery Unit"

Treating run No. 9 was made on November 19-21, 1950 utilizing a gasoline charge stock produced by recycle cracking crude shale oil. The purpose of this run as to determine the effect of treating raw gasoline with concentrated sulfuric acid without prior removal of the tar acids and tar bases. A secondary objective was to investigate the relative effectiveness of 20 percent oleum in comparison with 66 degrees Be sulfuric acid.

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REFINERY TREATING PLANT OPERATIONS TREATING PLANT RUN No. 25, Processing Section Refining Unit Report No. 47

Treating run No. 25 was made from May 26 to 27, 1952, charging the first gasoline stock produced by Suspensoid cracking a heavy gas oil and a mixture of heavy gas oil and naphtha. Because of the small quantity of gasoline produced, the products from all periods of the cracking run were combined before charging to the treating plant. The prime objective was to determine the treating characteristics and product properties of a finished gasoline produced by Suspensoid cracking, as compared to a typical thermal recycle cracked gasoline.

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"REFINERY TREATING PLANT OPERATIONS RUNS NOS. 20 AND 21, Processing Section  Refining Unit Report No. 42"

This report covers treating plant runs Nos. 20 and 21, made from December 17 to 20, 1951. Charge stocks were produced during cracking runs Nos. 42 and 43 in which full boiling range naphtha's were spilt into light and heavy fractions.

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"REFINERY TREATING PLANT OPERATIONS RUNS NOS. 18 AND 19, Processing Section  Refining Unit Report No. 39"

"This report covers treating plant runs Nos. 18 and 19, made September 24 to 26, 1951, in which a heavy and a light naphtha produced by recycle cracking visbroken N-T-U crude shale oil were treated. The stocks were produced from cracking run No. .39 by splitting the gasoline fraction into a light and heavy naphtha in the stabilizer column. The primary objective of the runs was to obtain yields and product  qualities for economic studies on treating these charge stocks. The secondary objective was to determine if chemical requirements could be reduced by acid treating only the heavy naphtha and washing the light  naphtha with caustic soda as it was produced in the cracking operation."

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STATISTICAL ANALYSES OF RETORTING VARIABLES PROCESSING SECTION MATHEMATICS AND APPLIED PHYSICS UNIT REPORT NO. 1

The independent effects of shale, air, and recycle gas rates on the various performance measurements and dependent variables have been statistically determined. The relationships derived may or may not be original; however, the relative importance of the relationships is shown by the significance level, and indicates which independent variable to control or expend the maximum effort upon to achieve the desired results or performance.

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MEASUREMENT OF COMBUSTION OF TEXAS LIGNITE WITH APPLICATION

Two experiments have been performed to quantify the combustion behavior of Texas lignite. These data are important in predicting the effects of oxygen concentration and temperature on the rate of advance of reaction fronts in underground gasification of a coal seam. The data can also be used to help predict sweep efficiency during underground coal gasification. The first experiment used a differential reactor under conditions where the char oxidation reaction is chemically controlled. The rate data exhibited a Langmuir-type reaction mechanism which was a function of the oxygen concentration. The combustion rate is much higher than those reported for higher rank coals. The second experiment has been oriented towards measuring linear combustion velocities in consolidated cores of Texas lignite. Data have been obtained from a gravimetric device which illustrate the effect of oxygen concentration on combustion velocities.

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RETRIEVAL AND EDITING OF HANNA II AND III DATA FILES FINAL REPORT TASK 3

"This is the final report for Task 3 of DOE Contract no. DE-AC20-80LC10461 dealing with retrieval and editing of experimental data generated during the Hanna II and III tests of underground coal gasification. The statement of work for Task 3 was as follows:  1) process all pertinent Hanna II and III data through the filtering program developed in Task 3.  2) Provide printouts of all the hourly data with questionable data identified.  3) Deliver developed programs with documentation."

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RETRIEVAL AND EDITING OF HANNA II AND III DATA FILES FINAL REPORT TASK 2

"This is the final report for Task 2 of DOE contract number DE-AC20-80LC10461 dealing with retrieval and editing of experimental data generated during the Hanna II and III tests of underground coal gasification. The statement of work for Task 2 was as follows:  1) Develop a data filtering program to flag questionable data on hourly files.  2) The data to be filtered are flows, flow pressures, flow temperatures, product gas analyses/heating value, material balance and energy balance data and tar/water data.  3) Suggest criteria for flagging questionable data. Final criteria will be supplied by LETC personnel.  4) Instrument well temperature data will not be edited."

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RETRIEVAL AND EDITING OF HANNA 11 AND 111 DATA FILES FINAL REPORT

"This is the final report for Task 1 of DOE contract dealing with retrieval of and editing of experimental data generated during the Hanna II and III tests of underground coal gasification. The statement of work for task 1 was as follows:  1) Retrieve stored data and provide printouts of hourly, shift, and daily data files for the Hanna II and III experiments. The word location, storage type, and function for individual data bits must be identified.  2) Identify faulty magnetic tapes or faulty discs associated with the tests.  3) Identify chronological gaps where data is either missing or stored on faculty tapes or discs."

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Coal Annual Report

The UCC Program Description presents the current UCC program strategy in general terms and the UCC RD&D Management Plan presents in detail the objectives and goals of the program as well as the technology and key technical tasks required to characterize and produce the applicable coal resource. The program was organized according to six major activities: 1) evaluation of resource and technology, 2) site characterization, 3) research, instrumentation, and model development, 4) production technology development, 5) environmental, health, and safety, and 6) product preparation and utilization. Each activity is further divided into sub-activities and tasks. Cost estimates and schedules were developed for the time frame 1980-1987. The next step in the planning effort is the distribution of tasks among the program participants according to their expertise.

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EVALUATION OF THE POSTBURN DRILLING, CORING, AND GEOTECHNICAL SURVEY

A postburn drilling, coring, and geotechnical surveying program was conducted at WIDCo-CRIP underground coal gasification test site near Centralia, Washington. The objective of the program was to delineate the extent of the coal and overburden affected by the gasification test and to provide subsurface information for process analysis. Nineteen holes were drilled. Six were drill holes, four were a combination of drill and core holes, and nine were core holes. Various geophysical logs and surveys were run on each hole. Subsurface samples of coal, overburden, and residues of the gasification test were recovered as drill cuttings and cores.

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An Economic Evaluation of Methanol and SNG Production Using UCG

The economics of extraction of raw, medium-Btu gas from a deep, thick, Western sub-bituminous coal using underground coal gasification technology and conversion of the produced gases into SNG and methanol using conventional technology were investigated. The overall study included a Base Case followed by several sensitivity cases including: 1) coproduction of SNG and methanol; 2) reduced plant output; 3) alternate raw gas composition; and 4) increased coal seam depth. The Base Case produced approximately 255MM scfd of SNG at $4.72/MMBtu. Coproduction of methanol and SNG resulted in an SNG price ranging from $4.41 to $1.50/MMBtu when the selling price of methanol was varied from $0.38 to $0.51 per gallon. Increasing the methane content of the raw gas from 5.6 to 11.7% reduced the LCD price to $3.68/MMBtu.

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ARCO COAL'S UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

ARCO Coal's objective is to achieve commercialization of UCG technology by 1990. To accomplish this, solutions must be found to the outstanding technical, environmental, and sociopolitical questions presently unanswered by state-of-the-art underground coal gasification technology. In addition, suitable markets and transportation alternatives must be developed for the final products. Atlantic Richfield has initiated a broad program aimed at providing solutions to these questions as rapidly as possible.

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OIL SHALE TRACT C-B--ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPLORATION PROGRAM (SUMMARY REPORT NO. 3--THROUGH MAY 31, 1975)

The purpose of these reports is to provide interested parties with a review of ongoing operations and a summary of the data being collected. Because of the sheer volume of data being generated these reports should be considered as the first (overview) phase of planned data distribution Parties interested in reviewing more detailed data on specific portions of the program should contact the area oil shale office in Grand Junction where such data will be kept on file.

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OIL SHALE TRACT C-B--ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPLORATION PROGRAM (SUMMARY REPORT NO. 2--THROUGH FEBRUARY 28, 1975)

Summary report #2 is an overview of the thirteen-volume Quarterly Report #2. The full Quarterly Report is an assemblage of the environmental and exploration data received during the winter quarter of December 1974 through February 1975 (including some data from work preceding this quarter that suffered a time lag in analysis and reporting). Quarterly report 2 was submitted to the Area Oil Shale Supervisor on April 14, 1975. and parties interested in some in-depth data review than can be accomplished through this summary report re referred to the Area Oil Shale Supervisor. Following the pattern of the first summary report, Summary Report #2 is organized in sections that are consistent with Quarterly Report #2. For example, if more information is desired on drill stem and multi packer tests than is available in Section II B-8 of this report, then the full set of data sheets in section II B-8 of Quarterly Report #2 may be examined.

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OIL SHALE TRACT C-B--ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPLORATION PROGRAM (SUMMARY REPORT NO. 1--THROUGH NOVEMBER 30, 1974)

The purpose of these reports is to provide interested parties with a review of ongoing operations and a summary of the data being collected. Because of the sheer volume of data being generated, these reports should be considered as the first (overview) phase of planned data distribution. Parties interested in reviewing more detailed data on specific portions of the program should contact the Area Oil Shale Office in Grand Junction where such data will be kept on file.

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Naval oil shale reserves 1 and 3. Summary:  five years of progress on the oil shale development program

The predevelopment program for Naval Oil Shale Reserve Number 1 (NOSR 1), located in Colorado, was initiated in 1945 when the Bureau of Mines began assessment of the shale resource with a fourteen core hole drilling program. Planning and field work were continued intermittently and at a slow pace until 1977, when the current predevelopment plan as proposed by the acting Secretary of the Navy was approved by the Armed Services Committees. At that time, a five year, major effort was initiated with a contractor team to complete all resource assessment, planning, engineering, and regulatory compliance work required to proceed with detailed design and construction of a commercial shale oil production facility.

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Clay-induced oil loss and alkene isomerization during oil shale retorting

Oil shale from the Green River formation in Colorado was mixed with nearly an equal weight of clay and retorted under conditions similar to Fischer assay. The amount of oil collected decreased approximately 18% when the clay added was montmorillonite. The amount of oil lost was independent of the degree of dehydration of the clay, and the presence of this clay did not change the ratio of saturated to unsaturated linear hydrocarbons for mid to heavy oil fractions. When dehydrated kaolinite was added there was no significant loss of oil yield, but the oil produced showed a decrease by a factor of 2 in the ratio of 1-alkenes to n-alkenes. When partly dehydrated or raw kaolinite was used, the apparent loss of 1-alkenes was not as great. This ratio change is due to a migration of the double bond from the 1 alkene position to internal positions, according to NRM. This explanation for the ratio change is also suggested by the decrease in concentration of prist-1-ene with respect to prist-2-ene when retorting is done with shale premixed with kaolinite.

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Characterization of nitrogen compound types in shale oils using /sup 1/H NMR and high resolution mass spectral analyses

The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were obtained for nitrogen compound-type fractions from a Geokinetics shale oil distillate and a Caribou intermediately refined oil obtained during catalytic hydro processing of the Geokinetics distillate. These fractions were generated using alumina and silica chromatography. The NMR spectra of the fractions were analyzed for hydrogen types and for individual compounds and the results compared with mass spectral data. The observed differences in resonance intensities in the 1H NMR spectra of the nitrogen fractions from the distillate and intermediately refined oil are also discussed in relationship to hydro processing.

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PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATE OF A PILOT PLANT FOR THE UNDERGROUND GASIFICATION OF COAL BY THE LINKED VERTICAL WELLS PROCESS

This study provides an initial design basis and a preliminary base case design and cost estimate for a linked vertical wells pilot plant for the underground gasification of coal producing 56.8 MW of electrical power. The pilot plant is assumed to be located on a coal seam 9 m thick and 152 m deep, which is similar to that at the llanna Field. The assumptions for the process variables are classed in three categories pessimistic, realistic, and optimistic to reflect the uncertainty in information available to date.

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Off-site Access Study for NOSR 1. Draft

The Off-site Access Study report has been prepared by TRW as part of its work under DOE Contract DE-AC-01-78RA32012, Management Support and Systems Engineering for the Naval Oil Shale Reserves Predevelopment Project. The Off-site Access Study is being conducted as part of an overall assessment of technologies for the development of NOSRs 1 and 3. Technology and resource assessments, baseline environmental analysis, EIA/EIS, and community requirement analysis constitute the key elements of a Master Development Plan of NOSR development.

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Shale oil production system reference case study. Final report

This Production System Reference Case Study has been prepared by TRW as part of its work under DOE Contract DE-AC01-78RA32012, Management Support and Systems Engineering for the Naval Oil Shale Reserve Predevelopment Project. The project has a variety of environmental, legal, socioeconomic, and technology assessment tasks requiring, at an early date, a fully defined reference production system which can be used as a base case for initial and internally consistent reference data.

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Long-range resource utilization of NOSR 1:  site and soil investigations. Naval Oil Shale Reserves management support and systems engineering project

During the summer of 1980, a site and soil investigation program was completed on NOSR 1. This program involved the drilling/coring of 10 shallow core holes, 26 auger holes, 4 trench excavations, and associated access road development and reclamation. A laboratory program completed numerous classification tests on soil samples and extensive logging of rock cores.

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Reaction of Western US oil shale kerogen with phenol

Phenol reacts with Western U.S. oil shale kerogen. The acid-catalyzed reaction gives crude products which incorporate large amounts of phenol. The toluene-soluble portion of the crude products was shown by 1H13C-NMR, FIMS, and LVHR/mass spectroscopy to consist mainly of condensed phenols.

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Shale oil delayed coking products utilization for manufactured graphites

Carbon and graphite materials are required to withstand more and more severe conditions of thermal shock, stress and reactor irradiation in the steel making, aluminum, aerospace  and nuclear industries. At the same time the sources for the precursors of these manufactured carbons are being depleted, so that other sources are needed. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the applicability of the new precursors from the delayed coking products of shale oil to graphite manufacture and to determine what chemical characteristics are required for those precursors.

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Methane, ethane, and propane from American oil shales by hydrogasification:  Green River formation shale and shales of the eastern United States and New Brunswick

High yields of methane, ethane, and propane were obtained by treatment of Green River shale with hydrogen at moderately high temperatures, without liquid vehicles and catalysts. Conversions of organic carbon to methane, ethane, and propane as high as 85%, 42%, and 23%, respectively, could be obtained at 975 to 1,300 degrees F. and about 2,000lb./sq. in., without appreciable decomposition of mineral carbonates.

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True in situ fracturing experiment--preliminary results

A true in situ oil shale retort bed preparation experiment has been performed using an explosive slurry inserted and detonated in preformed horizontal hydraulic fractures. The objective was to test this method for producing a distributed fracture network with sufficient porosity and permeability for retorting. Numerous diagnostic and evaluation measurements were performed during the course of the experiment for initial site evaluation, hydraulic fracture assessment, explosive insertion and detonation performance, and post detonation fracture and permeability assessment.

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