AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF SPENT SHALE IN OIL SHALE PROCESSING AND THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESIDUES: FOURTH QUARTERLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD OCTOBER 5, 1979 - FEBRUARY 5, 1980

The emphasis on this project during the past quarter has been directed to modeling the rate at which adsorption takes place and the determination of H2S diffusion coefficients in spent shale. A model was used in which internal diffusion controlled the rate of H2S adsorption. Diffusion coefficients were calculated 10, 25, and 60 degrees C.

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AN ESTIMATE OF WASTES FROM PRODUCING AND REFININF 10,000 BARRELS PER CALENDAR DAY OF GREEN RIVER SHALE OIL: GAS FLOW RETORTING-THERMAL REFINING-ACID TREATING; PLANNING AND EVALUATION REPORT NO. 5

The treatment of industrial wastes to prevent stream pollution is a recognized problem in industrial plants today. It is especially pertinent when considering commercial oil-shale and shale-oil processing plants in the oil-shale areas of western United States because of the limited water resources in theses areas.

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SULFUR AS A BY-PRODUCT OF OIL SHALE PROCESSING: PLANNING AND EVALUATION REPORT NO. 7

An estimate of the tonnage of sulfur which could be recovered from a commercial oil-shale plant was requested by J. D. Doherty in a letter to Boyd Guthrie dated May 25, 1951. This report, prepared in compliance with Kr. Doherty's request, presents the findings of a study of sulfur recovery from oil shale.

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AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INFENTORY OF THE PROPOSED PARAHO OIL SHALE DEMONSTRATION MODULE, PHASE I, UINTAH COUNTY, UTAH

Between August 4 and August 6, 1980, personnel from Nickens and Associates conducted a cultural resource inventory of approximately seven miles of access road ad utility corridors and the Utah State Mine Lease Tract proposed for the Paraho Oil Shale Demonstration Module, Phase 1, Uintah County, Utah, The inventory was performed in accordance with various historic preservation laws and Executive Order 11593, under the terms of Federal Permit No. 80-UT-034 and Utah State Permit No. 504 (Survey) issued to Nickens and Associates. No archeological sites, prehistoric or historic, were observed, but two Isolated Finds were recorded in the project area. Neither of these IF's are considered eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places.

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THE HANNA UCG SITE RECLAMATION PROJECT

The Hanna Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) facility was used to conduct a total of 10 UCG tests between 1973 and 1979. Coal was gasified using air injection and gas recovery through wells at depths from approximately 195 to 450 feet. Gasification experiments lasted from 7 to 168 days but most of them were about 30 days long. Typical coal conversion was about 100 dons per day with a product gas quality of 130 to 175 btu/SCF. After the gasification tests were terminated in 1979, water sampling and coring programs were conducted through 1988.

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PARAHO MODULE PROGRAMM - RETORTED SHALE DISPOSAL, SURFICIAL SOIL, AND RAW SHALE FINES REJECT STORAGE: TASK 9.1.5 REPORT

The processed shale disposal and raw shale fines storage areas for the Paraho Module Program are designed to be constructed in the northwest corner of Section 32, Township 9S, Range 25E, Uintah County, Utah.

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AN ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY RELATED DEVELOPMENT IN THE WESTERN OIL SHALE REGION; REPORTS ON EXISTING AND PROJECTED IMPACTS; VOLUME I: AN APPROACH TO EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN THE WESTERN OIL SHALE FIELDS

The anticipated development of oil shale resources in the western Untied States will involve several federal and state agencies, which, as part of their regulatory mandates, will carry out environmental evolutions of proposed oil shale developments. This report outlines an approach successfully used by Argonne National Laboratory , to evaluate environmental impacts. This approach, which provides a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of developing an oil shale facility, consists of the following major steps:

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SUPPORT RESEARCH IN CHEMICAL, MECHANICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION; DECEMBER 1981 - MARCH 1982

This report covers progress on the project, "Support Research on Chemical, Mechanical, and Environmental Factors in Underground Coal Gasification", Contract No. DE-AS20-81LC10713, at the University of Texas at Austin during December, 1980 to March, 1981. The staffing of the project included faculty members in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, and microbiology at UT-Austin and also Dr. Michael Humenick of the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Wyoming. A total of nine graduate students are involved in various tasks form the research contract. Section 2.0 reports recent results in the chemical engineering area, 3.0 covers environmental studies, and 4. 0 details petroleum engineering research.

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WATER STUDIES PARACHUTE CREEK, COLORADO

Water quality data for 12 stations in the Parachute Creek drainage basin, as well as 3 steam flow stations, were analyzed to establish the chemical quality characteristics of the Middle Fork of Parachute Creek and its tributaries. Using a mean annual combined runoff of 3,000 acre-feet for Middle Fork, Davis Gulch, and East Middle Fork, and an average salinity of 450 mg/1, the mean annual natural salt load conveyed by surface flows is 1,850 tons.

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DECONTAMINATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE SUBSTANCES FROM SPILLS AND UNCONTROLLED WASTE SITES BY RADIO FREQUENCY IN SITU HEATING

The radio frequency heating process can be used to volumetrically heat and thus decontaminate uncontrolled landfills and hazardous substances from spills. After the landfills are heated, decontamination of the organic hazardous substances occurs due to thermal decomposition, vaporization, and distillation assisted with steam in a temperature range of 300 to 400 degrees C in a residence time of 14 days. Heating is achieved by laying a row of horizontal conductors about the ground surface of the landfill and exciting them with an RF generator through a matching network. This method is particularly attractive for uncontrolled landfills since it does not require mining, excavation, drilling, or boring in the contaminated volume.

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PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE PROPOSED ACTION, MONITORING, AND PROJECT MODIFICATIONS TO MITIGATE IMPORTANT IMPACTS

The Paraho site, located on state land within the BLM Bonanza Planning Unit, will be in compliance with all applicable Federal, state and county land use plans. There is presently a grazing lease for the land which will be terminated to accommodate the Paraho oil shale lease. Grazing is the Counties second largest land use and would be reduced by 582.34 acres due to the Paraho project. This is less than 0.1% of County grazing capacity.

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GAS HYDRATES, MICROBIAL EOR, AND TAR SANDS PROCESS ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

Methane hydrates, over the past decade, have received a great deal of attention as a vast energy resource, although yet to be exploited and production technologies developed for their recover. Gas hydrates are solid "ice-like" inclusion compounds in which the gas molecules are "trapped" inside voids in a hydrogen-bonded lattice structure of water molecules. Such hydrocarbon gases form hydrates under suitable condition of low temperature and high pressure.

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METHODS FOR LEVEL 2 ANALYSIS BY ORGANIC COMPOUND CATEGORY

This handbook of Level 2 procedures presents the results of a laboratory evaluation of specific detailed method for analysis of organic chemicals in particular compound categories. The report supplements the earlier Level 2 procedures Manual and provides an initial experimental data base as a resource for laboratories undertaking Level 2 studies. The Level 2 methods were designed to provide more detailed ad more accurate data concerning specific compounds whose presence in the sample could be inferred on the basis of the categorical analysis of Level 1.

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REVIEW OF CATHEDRAL BLUFFS SHALE OIL COMPANY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (EMP) OUTLINE

The Draft Cathedral Bluffs Shale Oil Project Environmental Monitoring Plan Outline consists of a baseline environmental program summation conducted at the proposed project site in Rio Blanco County, Colorado; project and process description; compliance requirements under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration and national Pollution Discharge Eliminations System Permits; a screening and monitoring plant of  the unregulated pollutant; and occupational health program; and a quality assurance, quality control program.

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PARAHO MODULE PROGRAM - WATER & WASTE WATER SYSTEM FOR MINE & RETORTED SHALE DISPOSAL - TASK 9.1.6

A "zero-discharge" water system is designed for the Paraho Module Program located on Section 32, Township 9S, Range 25E, Uintah County, Utah. A complete water islance for the mining and retorted shale disposal with make-up water, storage, and treatment requirements is shown on Figure 1.

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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING MANUAL

The White River Shale Project is a join project of Phillips Petroleum Company, Sunoco Energy Development Company, and Sohio Shale Oil Company. The intent of these owners is to develop Federal Oil Lease Tracts Ua and Ub in northeastern Utah to produce commercial quantities of shale oil. The project is planned for phased development over 12 years, at which time full commercial production will be achieved. Commercial operation will continue until the on-tract resources are exhausted. This is expected to occur in 2007. However, availability of other nearby oil shale resources may extend the life of the project substantially.

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DRAFT PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT: DEVELOPMENT POLICY OPTIONS NAVAL OIL SHALE RESERVES, GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO

This programmatic statement deals with several levels of potential decisions which can lead to DOE action to develop the oil shale resources of its 35,000 - acre Naval Oil Shale Reserves in Northwest Colorado. These decisions may become imminent due to the need to the need to meet the President's 1990 domestic goal of 4.5 million additional barrels of liquid fuels produced or conserved. This is a candidate site for  a contingency oil shale development venture. This means that under current DOE policy the Reserve is likely to be opened to development only if there are significant delays shortfalls in private industry's effort to launch commercial-scale-facilities in the are. It compares the environmental impacts from the range of potential production from this Reserve with impacts from additional development of other liquid fuel options which might have to provide an equivalent amount of shale oil by 1990. These options include coal liquefaction, biomass, and increased conservation. Second, this EIS presents an environmental and financial impact analysis relating five generalized development ventures ranging from a low to a high level of government funding and participation. Developing the Naval Oil Shale Reserves in Colorado to commercial-scale production of 50,000 barrels per day is estimated to have the following gross impacts: alteration of 3 percent of the total Reserve land; annual consumption of 4,624 to 17,500 acre feet of water, depending on process chosen; yearly emissions of 361 tons of So2, 3,641 tons of NOx, 656 tons of CO, 951 tons of particulate, 262 tons of HC; and increasing the are population by a total of 7,500 people. A specific project EIS, which would discuss environmental impacts in detail, would precede any development action by DOE.

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TECHNOLOGICAL OVERVIEW REPORTS FOR EIGHT SHALE OIL RECOVERY PROCESSES; ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT

Work Plan No. 2 for the Assessment of Environmental impacts form Oil Shale Developments identifies characterization of leading recovery processes as a key element. An analysis of effluent and emission impacts necessarily begins with the pollutant sources, as well as the variety of physical settings where shale oil recovery plants might be constructed Accordingly, a number of technology overview reports have been prepared by the staff of TRW and Denver Research Institute, in order to assist in the evaluation of environmental impacts and pollution control technologies.

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MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGIES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPONENTS IN OIL SHALE WASTEWATER CHAPTER 9

The production of shale oil in the United States is currently being investigated as a potential source of domestic fuel. The oil shale retorting process will not only produce shale oil, but will also result in liquid and solid wastes with chemical compositions that are, in many ways, unique to the industry. Oil shale wastewater contains a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds resulting from the pyrolysis of kerogen in the shale and form the mineral matrix of the rock. Such a complex composition makes the chromatographic separation of the organic compounds a difficult task. Even with high resolution fused silica capillary chromatography, peaks frequently overlap and the mass spectra of two or more co-eluting compounds are so complex that it is difficult or frequently impossible to identify the unknown compounds giving rise to the spectra.

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PARAHO MODULE PROGRAM: ABANDONMENT PLAN - TASK 19

Pursuant to the Mined Land Reclamation Act, the State of Utah requires that all mined land abandoned after June 1978 be reclaimed in a manner which is capable of supporting a post mining use that is compatible with probable land uses. This Task report resents a discussion of, and cost associated with, abandoning the Paraho Phase 1 Module at the end of its scheduled two year operation. In summary, this activity will require removal of all surface facilities and debris, recontouring of the land surface, sealing of all mine portals and shafts, and revegetation of all disturbed areas.

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUARTERLY REPORT - SEPTEMBER 1, 1981 THROUGH NOVEMBER 30, 1981 - EQUITY OIL COMPANY BX IN-SITU OIL SHALE PROJECT, PICEANCE BASIN, COLORADO

Since the last Quarterly Report the air resources program has concentrated on the review of data collected by the 100 foot tower since December 1980. As mentioned in the last Quarterly Report, there have been periods of excessive data loss, the causes for these losses have been periods of excessive data loss, the causes for these losses have been traced to one of two areas which have been outlined below in the Data Recovery section. The remainder of this report contains an analysis of the data collected between December 1980 and September 1981. Finally, the calibration report filed for the August field calibration is presented in Appendix A.

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BYRNE CREEK POWER PROJECT - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN OUTLINE

Section 131(e) of the Energy Security Act specifies that project sponsors receiving financial assistance from the U. S. Synthetic Fuels Corporation shall develop an Environmental Monitoring Plan acceptable to the SFC Board of Directors with input from the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, and appropriate state agencies. A draft outline of the EMP shall be submitted to the SFC for review and comment. The comments are addressed, Byrne Creek project personnel will prepare the detailed EMP for SFC review ad comments.

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LOWER GUNNISON BASIN UNIT: FEASIBILITY REPORT/DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT

This is my proposed planning report on the Lower Gunnison Basin Unit of the Colorado River Water Quality Improvement Program, Which was authorized by the Colorado River basin Salinity Control Act and given additional emphasis by Public Law 96-375. Studies on the unit were conducted in accordance with the Principles and Standards for Water and Related Land Resources Planning as revised.

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EFFECTS OF COMPLEX EFFLUENTS FROM IN SITU FOSSIL FUEL PROCESSING ON AQUATIC BIOTA

In situ processes for advanced fossil fuel recovery elicit major concerns about contamination of surface and ground water with potential effects on water uses and aquatic biota. Acute and limited-chronic toxicity bioassays were conducted to determine the effects of process waters produced from two in situ technologies being developed by DOE's Laramie Energy Technology Center: Omega-9 retort water from the Rock Springs Site 9 in situ oil shale processing experiment; and hanna-3 condenser water from the Hanna underground coal gasification experiment. The acute TL50 dilution for oil shale retort water was about 0.5% for rainbow trout and fathead minnows and for Daphnia pulex, while the threshold effect dilutions for limited-chronic bioassays with rainbow trout and fathead minnows and for Daphnia pulex, while the threshold effect dilutions  for limited-chronic bioassays with rainbow trout were 0.3% for egg hatchability and 0.1% for fry growth; the principal solutes affecting the acute toxicity were in organics. The acute TL50 dilution for underground coal gasification condenser water was about 0.1% for rainbow trout and fathead minnows and 0.2% for Daphnia pulex, while the threshold effect dilutions for limited-chronic bioassays with fathead minnows were 0.04% for egg hatchability and 0.02% for fry growth; the principal solutes influencing acute toxicity were probably phenolics and ammonia. Possible groundwater contamination is a critical concern with in situ technologies, and studies are continuing on chemical characterization and aquatic toxicity of these process waters.

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RESEARCH SUMMARY - SUBSURFACE TRANSPORT PROGRAM

A variety of solid, liquid and atmospheric residuals are byproducts of nuclear and nonnuclear energy development and production. Solid residuals are a particularly large component of energy waste streams, and large volumes of these wastes have been dispose of in the terrestrial environment over the past several decades. These wastes contain various chemical contaminants and it is uncertain to what extent these contaminants will be retained within or be transported within natural systems or pose biological risks.

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SAVERY COAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

This is the final environmental impact statement on the proposed Savory Preference Right Lease Application project of the Pittsburgh ad Midway Coal mining Company. This EIS is based on the applicants initial showing and the site-specific environmental report for the proposed project and the Divide/Overland Coal Land Use Decisions and substantive public comments received on the draft EIS pertaining to the Savory PRLA project area.

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EVALUATION OF STRETFORD PILOT PLANT FOR HYDROGEN SULFIDE REMOVAL AT GEOKINETICS, INC., KAMP KEROGEN, UTAH

The large quantities of sulfur related emissions possible for a commercial oil shale facility point up the need for control of such emissions to prevent adverse impacts on air quality. Releases of sulfur dioxide produced during the combustion of hydrogen sulfide quickly consume the Prevention of significant Deterioration increment and can easily produce pollutant levels that exceed National Ambient Air Quality standards. Within the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Oil Shale Energy and Mining branch of the Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory is responsible for conduction research related to the assessment of the environmental impacts of oil shale processing and for developing and applying control technologies to minimize these impacts. This report is part of a study initiated by this group to determine the feasibility of using a suitable acid gas removal technology to control emissions of reduced sulfur compounds. The study entails field evaluation of a pilot plant, and the acid gas removal technology selected for testing was the Stretford process.

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PREOPERATIONAL SAFETY ANALYSIS OF THE LARAMIE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER, VERNAL TAR SANDS EXPERIMENT

The objective of the Preoperational Safety Analysis of the Laramie Energy Technology Center Vernal Tar Sands Experiment is to assure that: (1) Potential hazards are systematically identified. (2) potential impacts are analyzed (3) Reasonable measures to eliminate, control or mitigate the hazards have been taken. (4) Risks controls are substantiated by objective evidence; assessment that controls provide acceptably low risk for individual hazards and for TS-1S as a whole.

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THE ROLE OF SPENT SHALE IN OIL SHALE PROCESSING AND THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESIDUES - THIRD QUARTERLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD JULY 5, 1979 - OCTOBER 5, 1979

The study of hydrogen sulfide adsorption on spent shale retorted in a nitrogen atmosphere has been continued during the past quarter and the analysis of the adsorption data are presented in this report. A discussion of the retorting process and the properties of the spent shale were presented in the first quarterly report. In addition, the adsorption capacity of hydrogen sulfide on spent shale was shown as a function of retorting temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity was found for shale that had been retorted at about 750 degrees C. As shown from a BET surface area analysis, the greatest surface area was also found for shale retorted 750 degrees C.

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CITATIONS FROM THE SELECTED WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS DATABASE - ACID MINE DRAINAGE (1977-NOV. 84)

Some statistics of historical and simulated flood data were examined in real and log space. Some statistical properties of floods in real space could not be inferred from those in log space without extensive knowledge of the distribution of floods in real space as well as information about its sampling characteristics. The construction and use of regional knew maps in log space are most likely counter proactive.

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: OIL SHALE IN SITU PROCESSING RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR LERC, ROCK SPRINGS, SWEETWATER COUNTY, WY; LARAMIE, ALBANY COUNTY, WY; UTAH

The Laramie Energy Research Center proposes to continue ongoing research on in situ processing of oil shale. LERC research includes work on field sites near Rock Springs, Wyoming, and Laramie, Wyoming. The sites are being used to carry out small-scale shale fracturing and retorting experiments in the field.

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BIOLOGICAL TREATABILITY OF AN UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION WASTEWATER

Coal gasification is of interest in the U. S. because it is  a promising method of utilizing our country's largest natural energy resource, coal. Coal gasification processes convert coal into a methane-rich gaseous product. The product gas can sere as a substitute for natural gas or can be used in a number of industrial applications. There are several coal gasification processes. They differ with respect to operating conditions, coal types accepted, and subsequently, with respect to the characteristics of the wastewaters produced.

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ASSESSMENT OF POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS FOR EMERGING ENERGY SUPPLY TECHNOLOGIES - SUBTASK II: MODIFIED IN-SITU OIL SHALE RETORTING - FINAL REPORT

This report is one of a series of reports documenting the likely range of environmental control costs for selected new energy technologies. The reports are designed to assist the DOE in formulating policy on these technologies, largely by providing data inputs for the AEAR model. The basic data used were compiled largely from previously published sources and presently ongoing studies. The data was transformed and formatted in order to comply with the requirement of the AEAR model and the specification of the DOE project officer.

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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PLAN FOR THE BX INSITU OIL SHALE PROJECT

in 1961 Equity Oil Company began a ten-year research program for in-situ oil shale recovery. This program included five years of laboratory research at the Fuels Engineering Department of the University of Utah and seven years of field work on the Bx Oil Shale Project in Sections 6, T3, R98W, Rio Blanco County, Colorado. The objective was to develop a process whereby kerogen would be released from the shale using hot gas or super-heated steam injection. In 1971 the research and injection was stopped because of lack of funding.

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