AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
1980 ANNUAL REPORT UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION DRAFT

After completing four underground coal gasification (UCG) field tests in 1979, the Underground Coal Conversion (UCC) program in 1980 concentrated on evaluating the field test results. These field tests, Hanna II, Hoe Creek 3, and Rawlins Test 1, were cored to determine extent of gasification; contracts were proposed for the coring of the fourth field test. The Department of Energy contract with the Gulf Research and Development Co. was modified based on the results of the first US field test of UCG in a steeply dipping bed of coal. A follow on field test plan was prepared for new activities in Washington. LETC sponsored the Sixth Annual Underground Coal Conversion Symposium.

Tags: kmd
THEORY OF REVERSE COMBUSTION ALONG FISSURES IN FUELD WHICH GASIFIES AT DEPTH

An analytic theory of reverse combustion propagating along a narrow channel in fuel which gasifies at depth, leaving a porous and inert matrix, is presented. The gasified fuel burns in thin flame layers along the channel wall. Propagation rate is determined by equating reactant residence time and characteristic chemical time in that portion of the reacting flame layer concordant with the forward heat conductive zone in the solid. Stability considerations suggest that the flame is stable only when fuel rich. This leads to a parameter which must be exceeded for propagation to occur at all.

Tags: kmd
DOE UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BASE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

Successful UCG technology would quadruple the US proven reserves of coal from 0.4 trillion to 1.8 trillion tons. The resource would be adequate for hundreds of years production. The process has environmental advantages. The projected product costs of 90 cents/gallon for gasoline and $3.50/10^6 Btu for synthetic natural gas are competitive with conventional sources. If successful, commercial production could begin in ten years or less.

Tags: kmd
TWO-DIMENSIONAL THERMODYNAMIC MODEL OF THE IN-SITU UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION PROCESS FOR THE LINKED VERTICAL WELL METHOD IN EASTERN THIN-SEAMED COALS

The main text of this report covers the first stage 2-D model and the computer program results. During the development of this first model it was apparent that many of the simplifying assumptions would have to be modified in the second stage model. Nevertheless, the first stage model was carried to completion without these modifications in order to establish a base point from which a more detailed description of the UCG process could be formulated. In doing so it was possible to check the overall validity of the model and some of the more important features of the model.

Tags: kmd
UNDERGROUND GASIFICATION OF EASTERN COALS

This proposed action would make available, in the eastern US, a low Btu gas produced from coal in place for the generation of electrical power. One site would be selected to test the feasibility of producing 20 megawatts of electrical energy from underground coal gasification. This development would produce both direct and indirect changes in the manner in which the energy value from coal is normally extracted. Thin coal seams, which in some eastern areas is considered uneconomic to develop, could be converted from a coal resource to a coal reserve. The entire process will be closely controlled and monitored to optimize the gasification phase as well as to minimize any environmental degradation. The first year expenditure will be one million dollars. The total development and evaluation will require ten million dollars and four to five years for completion.

Tags: kmd
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF LABORATORY COAL GASIFICATION SIMULATION DATA PHASE V:  FIELD APPLICATION FINAL REPORT

METC is conducting a combined program of laboratory experiments and field tests on underground gasification of eastern bituminous coal. In the report on the first four phases of the present project, analysis and interpretation of Underground Coal Conversion Simulation laboratory data were presented. In this phase, the objective is to use the initial field data and laboratory data to refine the reverse combustion linking model developed from previous phases to make useful predicative calculations to help the preliminary design of the Pricetown I field test.

Tags: kmd
A PROCESS ECONOMICS MODEL FOR IN SITU COAL GASIFICATION

A site evaluation computer model which can be used to calculate the sales price of fuel gases produced by underground coal gasification has been developed. Such a model can provide sensitivity data for a wide variety of process and economics variables. A key feature of the model is that a nominal piping/compression design is produced, thus allowing a hardware based calculation rather than the conceptual models previously reported in the literature. In this paper we discuss the technical basis of the field design.

Tags: kmd
SONAR MAPPING AT NORTH KNOBS UCG SITE

The DOE, Laramie Energy Technology Center has been conducting an experimental underground coal gasification program (UCG) at North Knobs, near Rawlins, Wyoming. In the UCG process, coal is burned in situ. The volatile gases are drawn off to the surface through a series of boreholes. This process creates a void where the coal has been burned, and the overlying rock strata may collapse to fill the void.

Tags: kmd
STATUS REPORT OF EVENTS, RESULTS AND PLANS FOR THE HANNA AND HOE CREEK UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICAITON SITES

This is a summary of work performed by WRI on the Hanna and Hoe Creek UCG test sites from April 1, 1984 to March 31, 1985 and of planned work efforts. Detailed information on these projects can be obtained from the reports listed in the bibliography at the end of this document.

Tags: kmd
REMOTE ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBING OF AN UNDERGROUND COAL BURN CAVITY

A conducting cavity in an underground coal burn was remotely probed from the surface with a wideband electromagnetic induction system. The cavity, located near Hanna, Wyoming, was produced by underground gasification of a 30 foot thick subbituminous coal seam ranging in depth from 300 to 400 feet. The cavity filled with saline ground water after the burn. The wideband loop-loop system employed pseudo-noise and cross-correlation techniques to produce a transient time response in the field. Additional computer processing produced normalized 3-dimensional signature maps in both the time and frequency domains.

Tags: kmd
COST SAVING CONCEPTS FOR UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION GAS TO METHANOL PLANTS

This study examines the technical and economic feasibility of using raw gas from an underground coal gasification facility as feedstock for methanol synthesis. This study differs from previous studies performed by others for the DOE and LLNL in considering facilities small than those previously examined. This study also considers a different raw gas composition and a larger base plant size than  a previous study performed by Pritchard. In addition, transfer pricing of the gas is calculated at three points in the process scheme to determine the contribution of various process steps to the final product price.

Tags: kmd
UNDERGROUND COAL CONVERSION PROCESS ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY

The R&D programs short term goals in the Office of Gas are oriented toward developing at least one commercially viable underground coal conversion technology by the late 1980s. This program is focused primarily on the production of medium-Btu gas from shrinking subbituminous coals for subsequent conversion to synthetic natural gas, liquid transportation fuels such as methanol or gasoline, or for use as a reasonably transportable alternative energy source for industrial heat or electric power generation.

Tags: kmd
Organic Matter in Uraniferous Shales

Analyses have been obtained for the oxidation products listed in the first quarterly report (Report No.1). The ash contents of the humid acids obtained at 200 and 250 degrees were 23.9% and 26.0% respectively. This is many times as much mineral matter as is obtained from coals under similar conditions and shows a high degree of combination, or at least association, of mineral matter with the organic matter of the Chattanooga shale. The relatively high Beta-gamma counts stated in the first report for these humid acids are no doubt due to radioactive elements associated with this mineral matter which seems to be attached to the organic matter.  It is planned to investigate the mode of attachment later.

Tags: kmd
PHYSICAL AND DECAY CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIAL LWR SPENT FUEL

Information was collected from the literature and from major manufacturers that will be useful in the design and construction of a mined geologic repository for the disposal of light-water-reactor spent fuel. Pertinent data are included on mechanical design characteristics and materials of construction for fuel assemblies and fuel rods and computed values for heat generation rates, radioactivity, and photon and neutron emission rates as a function of time for four reference cases.

Tags: kmd
OIL SHALE TRACT C-B--SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL TO THE DETAILED DEVELOPMENT PLAN MODIFICATIONS

Letters, plans, and other supplementary material contained in this volume were submitted by the lessees of tract C-b to satisfy information needs an/or to address issues identified by the Mining Supervisor during the technical review of the C-b DDP, and in response to public, private, and Oil Shale Environmental Advisory Panel Comments thereto. Each section is proceeded by a brief explanation of included material and the portions of the dip that the material pertains to. When combined with the original DDP, the submitted in February 1976, and the Modifications to the DDP, submitted in February 1977, the following supplementary material becomes part of the plan for which approval is requested by the lessee as illustrated in the content of the detailed development Plan for Oil Shale Tract C-b, Section 1

Tags: kmd
OIL SHALE TRACT C-B--ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPLORATION PROGRAM (SUMMARY REPORT NO. 8--THROUGH AUGUST 31, 1976)

Summary Report #8 and Quarterly Data Report #8 cover the eight quarry of exploration and environmental date for the Environmental Baseline Program of Tract C-b These reports specifically cover the summer quarter of June 1976 through August 1976. Quarterly Data Report #8 consists of four volumes of the comprehensive data collected for Tract C-b and submitted to the Area Oil Shale Supervisor in Grand Junction on October 15, 1976. The purpose of Summary Report #8 is to provide the reader with a general overview of the information included in quarterly Data Report #8. For a complete review of tract activities to date, reports from all quarters must be consulted. Parties interested In the project can review these volumes by contacting the Area Oil Shale Supervisor's Office. For ready reference, the reader is reminded that both outline and section numbering in summary and quarterly data reports are identical.

Tags: kmd
BASALT QUALITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT (BQARD)

For BWIP items or activities "important to safety or waste isolation" (i.e., "Q-List" items or activities, and certain other items/activities assigned a "Level I" designation through use of the Graded Quality Assurance [QA] Methodology), the BQARD: a. Identifies and consolidates all federally mandated QA programmatic requirements into a single document; b. Provides guidance and consistency in interpretation of QA programmatic requirements; c. Provides Basalt Waste Isolation Project (BWIP) specific QA requirements, and; d. Provides baseline control for BWIP participant Site Characterization and/or Design/Construction QA Programs.

Tags: kmd
OIL SHALE TRACT C-B--ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPLORATION PROGRAM (SUMMARY REPORT NO. 7--THROUGH MAY 31, 1976)

Summary Report #7 and Quarterly Data Report #7 cover the seventh quarter of exploration and environmental data for the Environmental Baseline Program of Tract C-b. These reports specifically cover the spring quarter of March 1975 through May 1976. Quarterly Data Report #7 consists of three volumes of the comprehensive data collected for Tract C-b and submitted to the Area Oil Shale Supervisor in Grand Junction on July 15, 1976. The purpose of Summary Report #7 is to provide the reader with a general overview of the information included in Quarterly Data Report #7. For a complete review of tract activities to date, reports from all quarters must be consulted. Parties interested in the project can review these volumes by contacting the Area Oil Shale Supervisor's Office. For ready reference, the reader is reminded that both outline and section numbering in summary and quarterly data reports are identical.

Tags: kmd
BASALT WASTE ISOLATION PROJECT QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN

For BWIP activities and items important to safety or Waste Isolation, or which directly affect site characterization, or which are addressed under the DOE Geologic Repositories graded QA Program Quality Level 1 or 2, the BWI Project Quality Assurance Plan: a. Describes the overall BWIP Quality Assurance Plan; b. Establishes responsibilities for execution of the QA program within the project; c. Describes QA interfaces, both within the project and between the project and higher DOE offices;  d. Provides DOE policy and direction for how QA requirements specified in the Basalt Quality Assurance Requirements Document (BQARD) and OGR-HQ's OGR/B-3 and supplements and the NRC's Standard Review Plan are met.

Tags: kmd
OIL SHALE TRACT C-B--ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPLORATION PROGRAM (SUMMARY REPORT NO. 6--THROUGH FEBRUARY 29, 1976)

Summary Report #6 and Quarterly Data Report #6 cover the sixth quarter of exploration and environmental data for the Environmental Baseline Program of Tract C-b. These reports specifically cover the winter quarter of December 1975 through February 1976. Quarterly Data report #6 consists of three volumes of a comprehensive compilation of data submitted to the Area Oil Shale Supervisor in Grand Junction on April 15, 1976. Parties interested in reviewing the comprehensive data may contact the area Oil Shale Supervisor's Office. This summary Report #6 is intended to provide the reader with a general overview of the information included in the Quarterly Data Report #6. For a complete summary of on-Tract activities to date, reports from all six quarters must be consulted

Tags: kmd
DIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES OF HANNA COAL HANNA COAL FIELD WYOMING

The primary purpose in conducting directional property studies is to determine the dominant direction in which gases generated and/or released by heat during the combustion process would move, and to subsequently drill wells in the most advantageous places to capture these liberated gases. Since the directional flow properties of the coal are a result of the interaction of a number of physical properties, several types of measurements were conducted on the oriented coal core. These measurements included orientation of joint strikes, directional permeability measurements of both whole core and small pieces, directional tensile strength, point load induced failure, and directional sonic velocity tests.

Tags: kmd
A SUMMARY OF SELECTED GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS AT THE UCG SITE, PRICETOWN, WV

This report represents an effort to present some of this subsurface data and discuss its significance to this UCG experiment. With this information, the directional properties of the coalbed, the physical dimensions of the coal seam, the magnitude of water influx, the lithology of adjoining roof and floor strata about the coal, and the extent of faulting and folding in the field have been determined.

Tags: kmd
CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED FOSSIL FUELS AND THEIR RESIDUES

The purpose of this study was to characterize the coals and their ash residues from a selected group of power plants, and to examine the residues both before and after leaching by two different methods. All samples for analysis were received from the NBS Inorganic Analytical Research Division upon conclusion of their work with the materials. Data is presented on all samples of coal, fly ash, bottom ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, and plant waste water sludge received.

Tags: kmd
BX IN SITU OIL SHALE PROJECT (EQUITY)--MONTHLY PROGESS REPORTS NOS. 7 THROUGH 16 AND 18 THROUGH 21 (NOVEMBER 1977-JANUARY 1979, SEPTEMBER 1978 MISSING)

This report compiles monthly progress reports 7-16 and 18-21, November 1977-January 1979,  September 1978 missing

Tags: kmd
INVESTIGATION OF TRANSPORT HISTORY OF SHALE OIL DURING IN SITU RETORTING

An investigation was made of the three major phases of shale oil transport history during in-situ retorting (the formation of oil aerosol, the formation of oil film at the raw shale surface, and the release of shale oil from the raw shale surface) to formulate equations which can be used to predict in-situ retorting process performance. Available experimental data were reviewed and used along with theoretical derivations for the formulation of the above equations.

Tags: kmd
OIL YIELD RESULTS BY FISCHER ASSAY (SBR ILLUSTRATION FILE)--FISCHER ASSAY TABLES AND LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTIONS FOR OIL SHALE CORES (AUGUST 1945 THROUGH AUGUST 1983)

Raw Data, mostly tables, some figures and graphs Faint to some distinct, distorted to smooth streaks and laminate. Very irregular parting and fracture common irregular fractures with white coatings to buggy brecciate shale with pyrite and yellow orange stains. Some very irregular mixed up core pieces; true length doubtful.

Tags: kmd
GULF PARTICIPATION IN HANNA III, AN UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION EXPERIMENT NEAR HANNA, WYOMING

The underground coal gasification project at Hanna, Wyoming is being conducted by the Laramie Energy Research Center for the US DOE. UCG provides a means of utilizing the energy of otherwise inaccessible subbituminous coal by combusting it in place to produce a low Btu gas. Hanna III was the third in a series of UCG field tests which began in 1973.

Tags: kmd
OIL SHALE BY-PRODUCT COMBUSTOR

The energy contained in oil shale that is recoverable in the form of a liquid product represents approximately 53% of the total available energy in the shale. The remaining energy is contained in by-product streams such as fines, spent shale and off-gas. The off-gas contains undesirable pollutants such as hydrogen sulfide which must be removed prior to release of the off-gas to the atmosphere.

Tags: kmd
PRELIMINARY APPLICABILITY DETERMINATION: UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM, TS-4 TAR SAND EXPERIMENT, VERNAL, UTAH

The Laramie Energy Technology Center of the U.S. Department of Energy plans to conduct an in situ combustion and steamflooding experiment in a tar sand formation at its experimental site near Vernal, Utah.  A determination has been made of the applicability of underground injection regulations to that experiment.

Tags: kmd
INFLUENCE OF IRON PYRITES ON THE PYROLYSIS OF OIL SHALE

One distinct difference between Western oil shale and Michigan oil shale is the mineral content of these two shales. A much higher concentration of iron pyrites is found in the Michigan shale then is found in Western shale. Thermogravimetric analyses show that the presence of this mineral in oil shale inhibits the rate of oil and gas generation during the pyrolysis reaction.

Tags: kmd
REFINING TO HIGH YIELDS OF JET FUELS FROM SHALE OIL--5TH TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT (12/22/79-2/20/79)

Eight to nine gallons each of three continuously hydrorefined Paraho whole crude shale oil products containing 5,200, 1,900, and 512 ppm of total nitrogen have been prepared. NC1 treating and sulfuric acid washing of samples of these three products are underway. Yields and analytical data presently available are reported.

Tags: kmd
Application of the Vertical-Tube Reactor to the treatment of selected oil-shale wastewaters

The project objective was to evaluate the use of the Vertical Tube Reactor process in the wet oxidation of wastewaters generated by two Tar Sand recovery processes. The Laboratory Bath Reactor (LBR), a small vessel of constant volume, was used to simulate the conditions a wastewater would experience in a full scale Vertical Tube Reactor (VTR).

Tags: kmd
UNDERGROUND GASIFICATION FOR STEEPLY DIPPING COAL BEDS (PHASE III) QUARTELRY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 - MARCH 1, 1982

Rawlins Test 2 post-test briefing was held in Harmarville on February 11, 1982. Other activities this quarter include Rawlins Test 2 data analysis, continuation of post-burn cavity monitoring and post-burn water analysis.

Tags: kmd
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL IN SITU COAL GASIFICATION SIMULATOR

A three-dimensional, four-phase in situ coal conversion simulator is described which rigorously models fluid flow, heat transfer, vaporization/condensation, combustion gasification, pyrolysis, drying, and coal property changes. An initial version of the simulator is detailed which has five fluid components - water, oxygen, tar, nitrogen, and a product gas. The paper presents the physical/chemical mechanisms which are modeled, the comprehensive mathematical solution, and two sample applications of the simulator to the Hanna Field tests. The applications demonstrate the current capability and future potential of the simulator to interpret field results and predict the sensitivity of field performance to reservoir characteristics and field operating procedures. Additional features currently being implemented in the model are described which will enable the simulator to more accurately model the entire process.

Tags: kmd
UNDERGROUND GASIFICATION NOTES ON PARALLEL ENTRY BOREHOLE TYPES OF INSTALLATION 250 TONS PER DAY EXPERIMENTAL PLANT USING AIR AT 5 P.S.I.G.

Costs of Constructing and operating a 250 tons per day U. G. experimental unit designed as a parallel hole and as a bore-hole type of installation, using an air blast at 5 p.s.i.g. for 100 days operations. No overhead costs included in these estimates:

Tags: kmd
OFFICE OF TECHNICAL PROGRAM MANAGEMENT CALENDAR YEAR 1981 ANNUAL REPORT

The Office of Technical Program Management is responsible for coordinating the development, coordination and execution of all of the LETC program implementation plans. It is also assigned the management responsibilities and authorities for all project support activities. Te office is organized with three projects managers, under an Assistant Director for Technical Program management. The Assistant Director and the projects managers provide technical and management leadership for all LETC assigned programs and activities. The office of Research and Development provides technical personnel to manage specific projects and contracts, and provides technical expertise in support of project activities. The resultant matrix structure requires close coordination and cooperation between the ORD and the OPM.

Tags: kmd
TEXAS A&M PROJECT STATUS UNDERGROUND LIGNITE GASIFICATION

During the past three years laboratory studies have been conducted on Texas lignite to determine combustion and gasification products as a function of pressure and temperature. More recently, the scope of the program has been expanded to include mathematical modeling and field testing. A numerical model has been developed which predicts gas composition and flame front velocity. The model has been validated by simulation of laboratory combustion tube experiments on Texas lignite. The model and laboratory experiments were used to design a field test on underground lignite gasification in the Yegua formation in Brazos County, Texas. In addition, the model has been used to make parametric studies.

Tags: kmd