AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, DEAF SMITH COUNTY SITE, TEXAS, VOLUME II

The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 requires the environmental assessment to include a detailed statement of the basis for nominating a site as suitable for characterization. This detailed statement is to be an evaluation of site suitability under the U.S. Department of Energy siting guidelines; the evaluation will be the basis for the comparisons of sites reported in Chapter 7. Such an evaluation for the Deaf Smith site is presented in sections 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4 of this chapter. A brief explanation of the siting guidelines their format, structure, and implementation is given in Section 6.1.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, DEAF SMITH COUNTY SITE, TEXAS, VOLUME I

In February 1983, the U.S. Department of Energy identified the Deaf Smith, Texas, site in Utah as one of the nine potentially acceptable sites for a mined geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. To determine their suitability, the Deaf Smith site and the eight other potentially acceptable sites have been evaluated in accordance with the DOE's General Guidelines for the Recommendation of Sites for the Nuclear Waste Repositories. These evaluations were reported in draft environmental assessments, which were issued for public review and comment. After considering the comments received on the draft EA's the DOE prepared the final EA.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, YUCCA MOUNTAIN SITE, NEVADA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AREA, NEVADA

This appendix responds to the issues raised by Federal, State, and local governments, affected Indian Tribes, private citizens, and other organizations on the draft environmental assessment that was prepared pursuant to Section 112 of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982. In addition to presenting the issues raised in the comments and the responses, it describes where changes were made in the final EA.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, YUCCA MOUNTAIN SITE, NEVADA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AREA, NEVADA, VOLUME Ii

The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 requires the environmental assessment to include a detailed statement of the basis for nominating a site as suitable for characterization. This detailed statement is to be an evaluation of site suitability under the U.S. Department of Energy siting guidelines; the evaluation will be the basis for the comparisons of sites reported in Chapter 7. Such an evaluation for the Yucca Mountain site is presented in sections 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4 of this chapter. A brief explanation of the siting guidelines their format, structure, and implementation is given in Section 6.1.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, YUCCA MOUNTAIN SITE, NEVADA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AREA, NEVADA, VOLUME I

In February 1983, the U.S. Department of Energy identified the Yucca Mountain site in Nevada as one of the nine potentially acceptable sites for a mined geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. To determine their suitability, the Yucca Mountain site and the eight other potentially acceptable sites have been evaluated in accordance with the DOE's General Guidelines for the Recommendation of Sites for the Nuclear Waste Repositories. These evaluations were reported in draft environmental assessments, which were issued for public review and comment. After considering the comments received on the draft Eas, the DOE prepared the final EA.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, REFERENCE REPOSITORY LOCATION, HANFORD SITE, WASHINGTON, VOLUME III

This appendix responds to the issues raised by Federal, State, and local governments, affected Indian Tribes, private citizens, and other organizations on the draft environmental assessment that was prepared pursuant to Section 112 of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982. In addition to presenting the issues raised in the comments and the responses, it describes where changes were made in the final EA.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, REFERENCE REPOSITORY LOCATION, HANFORD SITE, WASHINGTON, VOLUME II

Chapter 6 addresses the suitability of the reference repository. The discussion is presented according to the requirements of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and the General Siting Guidelines Some guidelines discussed in Chapter 6 require information to be developed during site characterization before compliance can be demonstrates; others do not. Section 6.1 presents the rationale for distinguishing between guidelines that do or do not require site characterization.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, REFERENCE REPOSITORY LOCATION, HANFORD SITE, WASHINGTON, VOLUME I

On the basis of the evaluations reported in this EA, the DOE has found that the Hanford site is not disqualified under the guidelines. The DOE has also found that it is suitable for site characterization because the evidence does not support a conclusion that the site will not be able to meet each of the qualifying conditions specified in the guidelines. On the basis of these findings, the DOE is nominating the Hanford site as one of five sites suitable for characterization.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, DAVIS CANYON SITE, UTAH, VOLUME III

Many of the comments on the draft Eas were concerned with various policy issues, which are addressed in this section: public involvement and institutional issues; compliance with Federal and State laws and regulations, including interpretations of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act program management, costs, and schedules; policy issues related to waste management, much as transportation, irretrievability, monitored retrievable storage, and spent-fuel reprocessing; and the types of waste to be received at the repository. Also included in this section are direct comments on the draft Eas and miscellaneous issues.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, DAVIS CANYON SITE, UTAH, VOLUME II

The "Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982" (NWPA) (42 USC Sections 10101-10226) requires the environmental assessment to include a detailed statement of the basis for nominating a site as suitable for characterization. This detailed statement is to be an evaluation of site suitability under the DOE siting guidelines; the evaluation will be the basis for the comparison of site reported in Chapter 7. Such an evaluation for the Davis Canyon site is presented in Sections 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4 of this chapter, and is based in part on impacts associated with the reference repository design. Given the considerations and conclusions in Section 5.1 and Table 5-1, he evaluation would not change if based on the Mission Plan repository concept. A brief explanation of the siting guidelines their format, structure, and implementation is given in Section 6.1.

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DETERMINATION OF RADIONUCLIDE SORPTION FOR HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE REPOSITORES

The purpose of this Generic Technical Position is to provide guidance to the Department of Energy concerning the general information that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission considers will be needed in order to assess the effects of radionuclide sorption upon performance of a high-level waste repository. Sections one and two of this document contain summaries of applicable regulations, definitions of significant terms and a discussion of the role of sorption in influencing repository performance. Section three contains the NRC position on sorption information needs, and section four contains the rational behind each information need. This document does not prescribe specific methods for collecting the information. Instead, it is intended to provide general guidance to DOE that may prove useful in their preparation of detailed plans for gathering radionuclide sorption information.

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DETERMINATION OF RADIONUCLIDE SOLUBILITY IN GROUNDWATER FOR ASSESSMENT OF HIGH-LEVEL WASTE ISOLATION

The purpose of this document is to present a general approach for determining radionuclide solubility's in support of high-level waste site characterization, repository construction authorization and licensing decisions. It is not intended to prescribe methods for radionuclide solubility determinations. Instead, the Department of Energy should use this guidance to prepare detailed plans for radionuclide solubility determinations and should submit appropriate documentation early in the site characterization review process.

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NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT REVISED MODELING STRATEGY DOCUMENT FOR HLW PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

This document describes the Nuclear Regulatory Commission staff's strategy for using numerical models and computer codes for evaluating the performance of high-level waste repositories. The purpose of this modeling strategy document is to establish the overall philosophy and approach for development, evaluation, and application of numerical models and computer codes by NRC staff and contractors in sufficient detail to aid in planning for staffing and technical assistance needs in this area. This document identifies the specific areas for which the NRC staff plans to independently perform numerical analyses to evaluate compliance with applicable standards and regulations, and describes the nature of the independent analyses planned.

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GENERIC TECHNICAL POSITION DESIGN INFORMATION NEEDS IN THE SITE CHARACTERIZATION PLAN DECEMBER 1985

The Nuclear Waste policy Act of 1982 and 10 CFR 60 required that the Department of Energy submit Site Characterization Plans to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. In accordance with Section 113 of the NWPA, the DOE must submit to the NRC, along with its plan for site characterization, "a conceptual repository design that takes into account likely site-specific requirements." Information should be in sufficient detail to allow an assessment of the site characterization program in connection with the submittal of Site Characterization Reports for High-level Waste Geologic Repositories," provides supplemental guidance on the format and content of the SCP.

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Generic Technical Position Borehole and Shaft Sealing of High-Level Nuclear Waste Repositories

Construction authorization and the licensing of a high-level waste repository involve assessing whether the geologic setting and the engineered barrier system and the shafts, boreholes, and their seals will perform concurrently and compatibly at a particular site to assure that releases of radionuclides to the accessible environment conform to Environmental Protection Agency standards. Construction of shafts and boreholes in geologic media alters the natural setting and may create preferential pathways for groundwater flow and consequently migration of radionuclides. Since these pathways could adversely affect the isolation capabilities of the repository over the long term, the NRC has required in 10 CFR Part 60 that boreholes and shafts be sealed at permanent closure of the repository. This document provides general guidance for identifying what types of information should be developed, and identifies issues and points of concern about borehole and shaft seals that should be addressed prior to the submittal by DOE of a license application for construction authorization.

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A Technique for Preparation of a Back Loaded Powder Specimen for a Phillips X-Ray Diffractometer

X-ray diffraction can be applied to a variety of geologic problems for the acquisition of mineralogic information. The most widely used method for preparing a specimen for a x-ray diffractometer is to fill a shallow depression with a powder sample to form a flat surface. The preparation should be a simple straight forward guide for users with no special skills. The preparation consists of two major steps: 1) sample preparation, reducing the raw sample to a 325 mesh powder; 2) packing the specimen holder. Consistency in technique of sample preparation aids the accuracy and reproducibility of the data.

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Modeling the Fate of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment

The purpose of this workshop was to examine this prospect against the following objectives: 1) to analyze the state of the art of environmental fate modeling, considering both development and application; 2) to critically evaluate existing models for predicting environmental exposure concentrations of chemicals in various aquatic systems; 3) to critically examine the utility of various models as decision making aids for their specific applications; 4) to position the role of environmental fate modeling for aquatic hazard assessment, considering both regulatory application and new product development; and 5) to develop recommendations for future research needs in environmental fate modeling.

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Hydrologic and Geologic Characterization of the Geokinetics Seep Ridge Site

Geokinetics, Inc. is presently developing an operation to extract underground shale oil at various sites in the southern Uinta Basin, Utah. The first property, the Seep Ridge site, is expected to enter commercial production in 1983. The process is a horizontal in situ retorting system specifically designed for thin, shallow oil shale beds. The technique utilizes blasting in the oil shale beds to create a fragmented mass with high permeability. The mass is then ignited at one end of the retort and air injection is used to establish and maintain a horizontally moving burn front. Hot combustion gases from the burn front heat the shale and drive the oil toward production wells at the opposite end of the retort. The oil is extracted, treated to remove water and shipped off site for refining.

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Subsurface Tracer Interpretation Development and Field Experiment Data Analysis

A numerical theoretical code was further developed to analyze the effects of effective sweep area and tortuosity of paths over a continuous distribution of channel heights in an idealized fractured porous media. The applicable range of these fracture heights was estimated to be between one-thousandth of an inch and one inch, based on oil shale field data. Mathematical expressions were also developed to compare packed bed effects to those of the porous media: the code analyzed packed bed velocity, pressure drop, and an approximation of axial dispersion. Although the packed bed derivations are dependent on the type of bed material and the degree of packing, the comparisons were found to be in good agreement.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, DAVIS CANYON SITE, UTAH, VOLUME I

In February 1983, the U.S. Department of Energy identified the Davis Canyon site in Utah as one of the nine potentially acceptable sites for a mined geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. To determine their suitability, the Davis Canyon site and the eight other potentially acceptable sites have been evaluated in accordance with the DOE's General Guidelines for the Recommendation of Sites for the Nuclear Waste Repositories. These evaluations were reported in draft environmental assessments, which were issued for public review and comment. After considering the comments received on the draft EA's the DOE prepared the final EA.

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Regulation of the Hydrologic Impacts of In Situ Fossil Fuel Recovery

The Laramie Energy Technology Center is conducting field tests of in situ coal gasification, oil shale retorting, and recovery of bitumen from tar sands. In situ processes involve several potential hydrologic impacts; the complex series of underground chemical reactions will affect ground water quality, and heat from the reaction zone and fracturing necessary to improve reaction conditions will alter existing aquifer characteristics and ground water flow patterns. Disposal and handling of solid and liquid wastes generated by the processes may also involve significant hydrologic impacts.

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Tritium Labeling of Dissolved Organics Isolated from In Situ Fossil Fuel Processing Waste Waters

Different samples of the organic components of coal gasification and oil shale processing waste waters which have previously been titrated by a Raney nickel/THO catalytic procedure have been stored at -4C under acid and alkaline conditions in order to ascertain that the tritium label is located in stable positions. A comparison of the H-NMR spectra both at the beginning and end of the experiment shows that very little release of tritium has occurred during this time interval. This finding is consistent with previous results on the Omega-9 product.

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Technical Program Management Quarterly Report for the Period July-September 1981

The Office of Technical Program Management (OPM) is responsible for coordinating the development, coordination and execution of all of the LETC program implementation plans. It is also assigned the management responsibilities and authorities for all project support activities. The office is organized with three Projects managers, under an Assistant Director for Technical Program Management. The Assistant Director and the Projects Managers provide technical and management leadership for all LETC assigned programs and activities. The Office of Research and Development (ORD) provides technical personnel to manage specific projects and contracts, and provides technical expertise in support of project activities.

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Analysis of Heavy Distillates, Residues, and Crudes by Liquid and Supercritical Fluid Chromatographic Techniques

The complexity of petroleum increases rapidly with increasing boiling point not only because of the increase in the number of isomers of any given carbon number but also because of the prevalence of heteroatomic compounds. In some crude oils, nearly all molecules containing more than 50 carbon atoms also contain one or more heteroatoms. When this situation occurs, separation and isolation techniques known to work for purely hydrocarbon frameworks should not be expected to be applicable.

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Extension of the US Bureau of Mines API Scheme for the Characterization of Heavy Oils

A separation and characterization scheme developed by the US Bureau of Mines in cooperation with the American Petroleum Institute is designed to characterize high boiling petroleum fractions according to type. The scheme involves initial separation to divide the sample into seven artifact free fractions: acids, bases, neutral nitrogen compounds, saturates, monoaromatics, diaromatics, and polyaromatics. The acids and bases are separated by chromatography over anion and cation exchange resins, respectively. The neutral nitrogen compounds are removed by complexing with ferric chloride. The remaining hydrocarbons are divided into four fractions by chromatography on a dual silica gel alumina column.

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Development of Analytical Techniques for Heavy Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds

Modern petroleum processing operations require improved methods for the characterization of the heavy ends with regard to the types of hydrocarbons and nonhydrocarbons. The development of investigational tools for this characterization is one of the objectives of API Research Project 60. The project has developed a scheme for separating the highest boiling cuts of crude oil into acids, bases, neutral nitrogen compounds, saturates, and aromatic fractions. This scheme has been successfully tested on high boiling cuts of five widely varying crude oils, and the results of these tests are presented. Results of additional characterization of the acid, saturate, and aromatic fractions are reported. Tests are underway of a modified separation procedure that will subdivide the aromatic fraction and allow more discrete characterization. Progress has also been made in the separation, classification, and understanding of the metallo-organic compounds.

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SOME PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS

That this is not a thesis in the "pure" sense is readily evident from the title. This thesis deals with some practical applications of the tools and techniques normally used in a basic research laboratory. The growing concern for the solution of some of the applied (especially those of environmental nature) problems of our day has manifest  itself rather conspicuously in the last couple of years. It was probably inevitable that request and challenges were to be made to the scientific community that they consider the solution of some of these problems. The work in this thesis is due, in part, to a response of these requests and challenges. Many of the applied problems (such as measuring very low trace element concentrations) are of such a nature that the sophisticated instruments and techniques used primarily in the "pure" or basic research  domain can be applied very successfully. The adaptability of these instruments and techniques into common usage can often be facilitated by a few illustrative examples showing their effective usage. In this thesis we have taken the two fields of Neutron Activation Analysis and  Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and have attempted to show their effective application to three practical problems, two of which are environmental in nature.

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EVALUATION OF A COMMERCIAL DYE AS THE LIQUID PHASE IN THE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS

The separation and identification of the non-basic nitrogen compounds from petroleum is one of the problems of the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 52b. Concentrates of nitrogen compounds are prepared by distillation, adsorption, and extraction -- methods that leave the nitrogen compounds in association with sulfur and oxygen compounds as well as with aromatic  hydrocarbons (2). Gas liquid chromatographic procedures, using presently known substrates, have failed to separate these complex mixtures. In a search for polar liquids that might be effective as substrates, the selectivity of a commercial dye toward compounds of the type, expected in the concentrate was evaluated. Rhodamine B Base was found to be effective in the resolution of different types of nitrogen compounds , and in the separation of nitrogen compounds from aromatic hydrocarbons. Distillation techniques are not suitable for preliminary separations of the nitrogen concentrate because of the small amount of material available, its high boiling range, and its  questionable thermal stability. Therefore, the evaluation of the polar liquid was based on making preliminary cuts by gas liquid chromatography using a non-polar packing and then rechromatographing these cuts using a polar liquid phase. Apiezon L was chosen as the non-polar liquid phase.

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A MODIFIED FACTORIAL DESIGN APPLIED TO THE ANALYSIS OF PHENOL BIODEGRADATION

"The methods used to determine microbial degradability of organic compounds vary with the purpose of the study. River water die-away tests (Gledhill & Saeger, 1978) are effective as screening tools to detect recalcitrant organic compounds. Shake flask and chemostat experiments,  either jointly or separately, provide information useful in both degradation screening and in designing treatment systems for compounds as different as surfactants (Soap & Detergent Association, 1965; Rogers & Kaplan, 1970: Gledhill, 1975; Kimerle & Swisher, 1977), plasticizers,  rubber curing agents, pharmaceuticals (Gledhill & Saeger, 1978), and effluents from both petroleum refineries (Lindsay & Prather, 1977) and wood treatment plants (Vela & Rainey, 1976). Large trickling filters have proven effective in testing degradation of cresols and cresolbased  stripping solvents (Cobb, et al., 1975). And, microcosms have been used to determine biodegradation,  environmental uptake and fate, and bioconcentration of DDTl, its analogues, and other pesticides (e.g., Metcalf et al., 1971; Metcalf 1977; Yu et al.1974) and trace metals  in sewage sludge (Lu et al. 1975)."

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