AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Unconventional Gas Recovery Contractors Meeting Eastern Gas Shales, Coalbed Methane, Western Gas Sands

This document contains papers that were presented at the Department of Energy's contractor meeting on Unconventional Gas Recovery. The meeting was hosted by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center on November 18-19, 1985, at the Ramada Inn in Morgantown, West Virginia. Emphasis was on activities related to the development of Eastern Gas Shales, Coalbed Methane, and Western Gas Sands. The objectives of this conference were the following: to review the current status in various research activities; to promote technical information exchange among researchers; and to focus on technical issues remaining. Eighty-five individuals from academia, industry, national laboratories, and Government participated in the review. Twenty-nine presentations were made during the two-day conference. All papers have been processed for inclusion in the Energy Data Base.

Tags: kmd
Design, construction, operation, and evaluation of a prototype culm-combustion boiler/heater unit. Quarterly technical progress report, October 1-December 31, 1980

This report provides a summary of the work performed on the Prototype Culm Combustion Boiler/Heater Unit, Phase I - Engineering Design and Analysis and Phase II - Prototype Plant Construction during the period October 1, 1980 through December 31, 1980. The objectives of the program as well as the technical progress and problem areas encountered during the reporting period are presented. The final detail design effort was completed and the final design report submitted. Progress on procurement activity authorized by full Phase II release on March 20, 1980, is discussed. Following approval by DOE, a purchase order was placed with the Norflor Construction Corporation for the prototype plant construction which began in November. Construction of the access roadway installation of the electric power, sewer and water lines was completed during this reporting period. Boiler construction continued.

Tags: kmd
Combustion characteristics of dry coal-powder-fueled adiabatic diesel engine: Final report

This report describes the progress and findings of a research program aimed at investigating the combustion characteristics of dry coal powder fueled diesel engine. During this program, significant achievements were made in overcoming many problems facing the coal-powder-fueled engine. The Thermal Ignition Combustion System (TICS) concept was used to enhance the combustion of coal powder fuel. The major coal-fueled engine test results and accomplishments are as follows: design, fabrication and engine testing of improved coal feed system for fumigation of coal powder to the intake air; design, fabrication and engine testing of the TICS chamber made from a superalloy material (Hastelloy X,6361 ); design, fabrication and engine testing of wear resistant chrome oxide ceramic coated piston rings and cylinder liner; lubrication system was improved to separate coal particles from the contaminated lubricating oil; control of the ignition timing of fumigated coal powder by utilizing exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and variable TICS chamber temperature; coal-fueled engine testing was conducted in two configurations: dual fuel (with diesel pilot) and 100% coal-fueled engine without diesel pilot or heated intake air; cold starting of the 100% coal-powder-fueled engine with a glow plug; and coal-fueled-engine was operated from 800 to 1800 rpm speed and idle to full load engine conditions.

Tags: kmd
Collaborative research on fluidization employing computer-aided particle tracking

In July, the complete TCAPTA instrument was shipped to METC. In early August, setup and preliminary test of the TCAPTA for the METC 1-foot fluidized bed unit was conducted by METC and UIUC personnel. Following the same procedure as described in the report for the period January 1--March 31, 1990, the detector was found to saturated when the tracer was located 90 mm away from the center of the crystal at 0.5 mCi source strength and 1300 V detector power supply. The detectors were then located 264 mm from the center line of the bed, which is equivalent to a clearance of 76 mm between the detector front surface and the outside surface of the bed. The discriminator threshold was set at 28.4 mV for an apparent detector signal height of 50 mV. Two calibrations were performed. Data were collected for a continuous four hour run with a sampling interval of 20 ms. The data were brought to UIUC for processing. In UIUC, the accuracy of the calibrations were analyzed first. It was found that the standard deviation for the empty bed calibration was about 20 mm, whereas the deviation was more than doubled for the second calibration, when the radiation was attenuated by both the wall and the particles. Using these calibration data, the calculated solids mean velocity and bulk density distributions had very low accuracy. It was then decided that a study of the nature of the gamma radiation attenuation through materials should be made in order to make corrections in processing the experimental data. Actual attenuation in experimental measurement depends not only on material property and geometry, but also on the discriminator setting which affects the contributions of the small angle scattered radiation. Critical experimental studies of the attenuation process is now planned in order to optimize the detection process and provide data for a corrosion scheme to be incorporated in the data processing software. 1 ref., 4 figs.

Tags: kmd
Dunn-Nokota Methanol Project, Dunn County, North Dakota. Volume VII. Environmental and socioeconomic assessments. [Proposed methanol project near Dunn Center, North Dakota]

The environmental and socioeconomic aspects of the Dunn-Nokota Methanol Project are the subject of this volume (Volume VII). Section 2 summarizes the results of the environmental feasibility studies for the Dunn-Nokota Methanol Project. (This summary, as well as one for each volume of the Final Report, is contained in Volume I, Executive Summary.) Section 3 describes the scope of the environmental studies including the general methodology employed. Sections 4, 5, and 6 address the existing environment, environmental impacts, and mitigation measures, respectively, of the plant, mine, and utility corridor sites. Relevant aspects of the physical and human environment are discussed in each of these sections. The water supply pipeline and intake are the subject of Section 7, which includes a description of the pipeline, its routing, and the existing environment; an assessment of environmental impacts; and possible mitigation measures. The product transportation systems, including pipeline, rail, and truck, are the subject of Section 8. Alternatives to the Project are addressed in Section 9. Section 10 is a comprehensive bibliography of references cited and consulted. Appendices A and B present, respectively, additional information on methods of investigation and data collected for many aspects of the physical and human environment addressed in Sections 4 through 8.

Tags: kmd
Development of a coal burning vortex containment combustor. Final report

In recent years, the scarce supply of the US'petroleum products and the increased price of foreign oil has motivated the pursuit of burning systems which would allow coal to replace oil and gas in existing boilers and furnaces. Three major problems arise when attempting to convert to coal firing: (1) Fuel Preparation - conventional coal firing requires large storage area and expensive handling equipment, (2) Inorganic Impurities - the presence of inorganic material in coal can cause both an environmental hazard and adversely impact combustor and boiler operation, and (3) Pollutant Formation - coal combustion increases the emission of both nitrogen and sulfur oxides over oil and gas combustion. This report documents the development efforts of the Vortex Containment Combustor (VCC) at the prototype scale (3 x 10W Btu/h). Successful development of the VCC would offer solutions to the problems listed above and make coal the fuel of choice in boiler and furnace applications. The VCC features separation and rejection of ash particles from the exhaust gas stream, high power densities to save space in retrofit applications, high combustion and vortex efficiency (i.e., low pressure losses), and adaptability to pollution control concepts for NO/sub x/ and SO/sub x/. In order to reach high power densities, the VCC burns the coal in a free-flight mode rather than rely on wall layer combustion, as is the case with conventional cyclone combustors. The objectives of this study included demonstration of the VCC as a coal burning device, performance of an engineering and economic analysis, and development of an approach for further evaluation of the VCC concept. 15 refs., 71 figs., 7 tabs.

Tags: kmd
Dunn-Nokota methanol project, Dunn County, North Dakota. Volume VI. Tax, legal and regulatory analysis. [Proposed methanol project near Dunn Center, North Dakota]

The objective of the Tax, Legal and Regulatory Analysis section of the study was to evaluate the basic tax, legal and regulatory premises upon which the Project and other parts of the study are based. The major part of these analyses concern federal income tax principles affecting the construction of a large-scale alternative energy project, particularly the application of the investment and energy tax credits, the recovery of costs through depreciation, treatment of pre-construction expenditures, capitalization of real property construction period interest, and leasing and project organization principles. Portions of the tax analysis were revised after their completion because of the passage in late August of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (the 1982 Tax Act), which makes important changes in the law. North Dakota state principles are also discussed. The balance of the legal report deals with non-income tax and tariff matters, permit requirements, federal coal leasing principles, prehistory and cultural resources, legal title to the project site, Federal Clean Air Act considerations, and other regulatory matters.

Tags: kmd
Gas turbine component screening program:

This two volume report summarizes the work done under contract to Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC), U.S. Department of Energy, contract number AC21-84MC21395. Volume I reports on the work performed by the Turbine Technology Department of the General Electric Company in developing a heavy-duty MS6001 gas turbine combustion system capable of burning coal water slurry (CWS). Volume II reports on the work performed by the General Electric Corporate Research and Development Center (GE-CRD) in evaluating the long-term deposition effects from burning CWS and evaluating approaches to control deposition.

Tags: kmd
Solvent extraction:  design procedures, scaleup requirements, data needs for simulation. [For gasifier condensate wastewater]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate solvent extraction processing to determine design procedures, scaleup requirements and data needs for simulation of this pretreatment process for coal gasification wastewaters. This evaluation is part of an overall METC simulation effort. Ultimately this effort is targeted at simulating gasification wastewater treatment systems as well as other pertinent process modules on ASPEN. The information contained in this report is presented as follows: (1) summary of data needs for solvent extraction scaleup/simulation; (2) technical approach;  (3) review of solvent extraction processing; and (4) design review and scaleup/simulation needs. 14 references, 11 figures, 22 tables.

Tags: kmd
Weeks Island S sand reservoir B gravity stable miscible CO/sub 2/ displacement, Iberia Parish, Louisiana. Second annual report, June 1978-June 1979

The second year results from CO/sub 2/ injection, downdip water production, logging procedures used to monitor flood front, and displacement observations are reported. Shell's Bellaire Research Center worked on the construction of a reservoir simulator which includes the effect of compositional behavior of the S Sand Reservoir B crude oil as it is contacted by CO/sub 2/ slug material.

Tags: kmd
Computational fluid dynamics assessment: Volume 1, Computer simulations of the METC (Morgantown Energy Technology Center) entrained-flow gasifier: Final report

An assessment of the theoretical and numerical aspects of the computer code, PCGC-2, is made; and the results of the application of this code to the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) advanced gasification facility entrained-flow reactor, ''the gasifier,''are presented. PCGC-2 is a code suitable for simulating pulverized coal combustion or gasification under axisymmetric (two-dimensional) flow conditions. The governing equations for the gas and particulate phase have been reviewed. The numerical procedure and the related programming difficulties have been elucidated. A single-particle model similar to the one used in PCGC-2 has been developed, programmed, and applied to some simple situations in order to gain insight to the physics of coal particle heat-up, devolatilization, and char oxidation processes. PCGC-2 was applied to the METC entrained-flow gasifier to study numerically the flash pyrolysis of coal, and gasification of coal with steam or carbon dioxide. The results from the simulations are compared with measurements. The gas and particle residence times, particle temperature, and mass component history were also calculated and the results were analyzed. The results provide useful information for understanding the fundamentals of coal gasification and for assessment of experimental results performed using the reactor considered. 69 refs., 35 figs., 23 tabs.

Tags: kmd
Wet carbonization of lump-size low-rank coals by a novel non-slurry approach. Progress report, August-October 1985

Work on the design and procurement of equipment for the wet-carbonization process research unit (PRU) was essentially completed this quarter. Shakedown testing of the individual pieces of equipment has been initiated. The PRU is designed to process about 100 lb/h of as-received coal. The main reactor will be able to operate at temperatures and pressures up to 650/sup 0/F and 2300 psig, respectively. One batch wet-carbonization test was conducted this quarter with North Dakota Indianhead lignite, water, and sulfuric acid. The objective of this test was to determine the effect of this additive on the wet-carbonization characteristics. The results of this test showed no significant effects when compared with those of tests conducted without acid at similar conditions. To date, twenty-seven batch wet carbonization tests have been conducted at temperatures, pressures, and residence time in the range of 400/sup 0/ to 650/sup 0/F, 250 to 3300 psia, and 0 to 60 minutes, respectively, with coals from North Dakota (Indianhead and Center lignites), Texas (South Hallsville lignite), and Montana (Rosebud subbituminous). Fourteen char gasification tests were performed this quarter in the thermobalance unit. The results indicated that wet carbonization reduced the relative reactivity of the coals treated and that the higher the wet-carbonization temperature, the more the reduction in the relative reactivity.

Tags: kmd
Abandoned oil fields in Oklahoma

Data are presented for approximately 165 abandoned oil fields in Oklahoma that have produced 10,000 or more barrels of oil prior to abandonment. The following information is provided for each field: county; DOE field code; field name; AAPG geologic province code; discovery date of field; year of last production, if known; discovery well operator; proven acreage; formation thickness; depth of field; gravity of oil production; calendar year; yearly field oil production; yearly field gas production; cumulative oil production; cumulative gas production; number abandoned fields in county; cumulative production of oil from fields; and cumulative production of gas from fields. (ATT)

Tags: kmd
Differential optical absorption techniques for diagnostics of coal gasification. Technical progress report, April-June 1983

The application of differential optical absorption (DOA) techniques for the in-situ determination of the chemical composition of coal gasification process streams is investigated. Absorption spectra of relevant molecular species and the temperature and pressure effects on DOA-determined spectral characteristics of these species will be determined and cataloged. A system will be configured, assembled, and tested. 10 references, 1 figure.

Tags: kmd
Computed tomography of coals. Quarterly technical progress report No. 2, November 28, 1982-March 6, 1983

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a non-destructive, non-invasive technique now being used to investigate the internal structures of coal. In a series of experiments a General Electric CT/T model 8800 x-ray scanner was used to obtain x-ray images of numerous pieces of coal ranging in rank from lignite to bituminous. The analysis of these images is now underway. A theoretical explanation is given for the CT numbers associated with the organic fraction of coal and for a number of common minerals. It is also shown that the CT technique has the density resolution to distinguish between the different major maceral classes in coal. Preliminary analysis suggests that the CT technique has advantages over normal x-ray methods for determining the ash content of coals. The work covered in this period is designed to provide an understanding of the CT images of coal. This understanding will be used in future tasks to follow the behavior of coal during destructive processes such as pyrolysis and gasification. 7 references, 39 figures, 8 tables.

Tags: kmd
Improved electrolytes for fuel cells

Present day fuel cells based upon hydrogen and oxygen have limited performance due to the use of phosphoric acid as an electrolyte. Improved performance is desirable in electrolyte conductivity, electrolyte management, oxygen solubility, and the kinetics of the reduction of oxygen. Attention has turned to fluorosulfonic acids as additives or substitute electrolytes to improve fuel cell performance. The purpose of this project is to synthesize and electrochemically evaluate new fluorosulfonic acids as superior alternatives to phosphoric acid in fuel cells. (VC)

Tags: kmd
Innovative coal-fueled diesel engine injector

The purpose of this research investigation was to develop an electronic coal water slurry injection system in conjunction with the Thermal Ignition Combustion System (TICS) concept to achieve autoignition of CWS at various engine load and speed conditions without external ignition sources. The combination of the new injection system and the TICS is designed to reduce injector nozzle spray orifice wear by lowering the peak injection pressure requirements. (VC)

Tags: kmd
The Tight Gas Analysis System (TGAS) Final Report. Volume 2 Methodology

In 1980, the National Petroleum Council (NPC) published the most authoritative and comprehensive to date estimates of the technical and economic potential of tight gas sands. While the NPC study remains the landmark effort on this subject, its estimates for recoverable natural gas are considered by many to be optimistic. The Gas Research Institute and the US Department of Energy jointly commissioned construction of the Tight Gas Analysis System (TGAS) as a vehicle to perform systematic sensitivity analyses of the NPC study, to serve as a repository for future additions to the data base and analytical understandings of the technology, and to estimate the benefits of specified R and D advances. This report presents a detailed description of the methodologies used in the TGAS model. 8 refs.

Tags: kmd
The Tight Gas Analysis System (TGAS) Final Report. Volume 4 User's Guide

In previous volumes, the TGAS model was divided into four basic submodels: (1) geology, (2) technology, (3) engineering costing, and (4) timing and exploration. To the TGAS user, these distinctions are transparent. All four of the models are linked by a common operating system which includes the user interface. It is through this interface that the user gains access to the model and performs analyses. Since these distinctions are not readily visible to the user, for this volume TGAS is divided into the following parts: data input/output; data selection; data modification; option and parameter adjustment; submodel execution; and report generation. TGAS utilizes an internal compiler to translate the user commands into program instructions. These user commands are written in plain English and may be shortened to three or four letter mnemonics. Most commands consist of a single main level command with a series of secondary commands and qualifiers. These are discussed in detail in this volume.

Tags: kmd
Steam conditioning of coal for synfuels production: Final report

Conditioning of coal in steam was explored as a means of improving the yield and quality of condensable product obtainable in the mild gasification of coal. The possibility of lowering the pressure needed for steam conditioning was examined. Yields of conditioning volatiles and yields of pyridine extract from conditioned Illinois No. 6 coal, at conditioning temperatures from 500 to 760/degree/F and pressures from one to fifty atm, show that steam conditioning is successful at the lower pressures as well. An important new steam conditioning regime at atmospheric pressure has been tentatively identified with a maximum at about 570/degree/F (300/degree/C) where the yield of extract plus volatiles is one-third greater than that for raw coal. The yields of volatiles released during conditioning of Mississippi lignite in steam and in helium were determined in the temperature range 500 to 750/degree/F at atmospheric pressure and at 50 atm. The yields were surprisingly high. Pyridine extractions of Mississippi lignite were conducted on samples conditioned in steam at 1 and 50 atm. For comparison, extraction yields were also determined for samples conditioned in helium. A fluidized bed steam mild gasification test facility has been designed, constructed, and put into operation. Mild gasification runs were made using both raw and steam conditioned Illinois No. 6 coal. At 1026/degree/F the yield of condensable product from conditioned coal is raised to 37.4 wt % daf, 15% (relative) higher than for raw coal (conditioning volatiles not included). Moreover, the molecular weight is reduced 31%. 9 refs., 33 figs., 19 tabs.

Tags: kmd
Attenuation capacity of western North Dakota overburden sediments. Final report

The objective of this project was to determine the cation and anion attenuation capacity of typical North Dakota overburden materials from three surface mine sites. The two overburden types that were chosen were a sandy silt and a clay. These sediments were evaluated in both oxidized and reduced states. Attenuation experiments were performed in which these sediments were treated with solutions of selected cations and anions at known concentrations. Attenuating solutions contained arsenic, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, iron, calcium, sodium, and sulfate. These experiments were repeated at various concentration levels at four varying degrees of alkalinity and at two ionic strengths. 22 refs., 9 figs., 6 tabs.

Tags: kmd