AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Parallel, Multigrid Finite Element Simulator for Fractured/Faulted and Other Complex Reservoirs based on Common Component Architecture (CCA)

Black-oil, compositional and thermal simulators have been developed to address different physical processes in reservoir simulation. A number of different types of discretization methods have also been proposed to address issues related to representing the complex reservoir geometry. These methods are more significant for fractured reservoirs where the geometry can be particularly challenging. In this project, a general modular framework for reservoir simulation was developed, wherein the physical models were efficiently decoupled from the discretization methods. This made it possible to couple any discretization method with different physical models. Oil characterization methods are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and it is possible to construct geologically constrained models of faulted/fractured reservoirs. Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) simulation provides the option of performing multiphase calculations on spatially explicit, geologically feasible fracture sets. Multiphase DFN simulations of and sensitivity studies on a wide variety of fracture networks created using fracture creation/simulation programs was undertaken in the first part of this project. This involved creating interfaces to seamlessly convert the fracture characterization information into simulator input, grid the complex geometry, perform the simulations, and analyze and visualize results. Benchmarking and comparison with conventional simulators was also a component of this work. After demonstration of the fact that multiphase simulations can be carried out on complex fracture networks, quantitative effects of the heterogeneity of fracture properties were evaluated. Reservoirs are populated with fractures of several different scales and properties. A multiscale fracture modeling study was undertaken and the effects of heterogeneity and storage on water displacement dynamics in fractured basements were investigated. In gravity-dominated systems, more oil could be recovered at a given pore volume of injection at lower rates. However, if oil production can be continued at high water cuts, the discounted cumulative production usually favors higher production rates. The workflow developed during the project was also used to perform multiphase simulations in heterogeneous, fracture-matrix systems. Compositional and thermal-compositional simulators were developed for fractured reservoirs using the generalized framework. The thermal-compositional simulator was based on a novel 'equation-alignment'approach that helped choose the correct variables to solve depending on the number of phases present and the prescribed component partitioning. The simulators were used in steamflooding and in insitu combustion applications. The framework was constructed to be inherently parallel. The partitioning routines employed in the framework allowed generalized partitioning on highly complex fractured reservoirs and in instances when wells (incorporated in these models as line sources) were divided between two or more processors.

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Task 3 -- Pyrolysis of plastic waste. Semi-annual report, April 1--September 30, 1997

The Energy and Environmental Research Center is developing a technology for the thermal decomposition of high-organic-content, radionuclide-contaminated mixed wastes and spent (radioactive) ion-exchange resins from the nuclear power industry that will enable the separation and concentration of radionuclides as dry particulate solids and the generation of nonradioactive condensable and noncondensable gas products. Successful application of the technology will enable a significant volume reduction of radioactive waste and the production of an inexpensively disposable nonradioactive organic product. The project objective is to develop and demonstrate the commercial viability of a continuous thermal decomposition process that can fulfill the following requirements: separate radionuclides from radioactive waste streams containing a variety of types and levels of polymers, chlorinated species, and other organics, including rubber, oils, resins, and cellulosic-based materials; concentrate radionuclides in a homogeneous, dry particulate product that can be recovered, handled, and disposed of efficiently and safely; separate and recover any chlorine present (as PVC, chlorinated solvents, or inorganic chlorine) in the contaminated mixed-waste stream; and yield a nonradioactive, low-chlorine-content, condensable organic product that can be economically disposed. Progress is described.

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Task 2 -- Extraction and analysis of pollutant organics from contaminated solids using off-line supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and on-line SFE-infrared spectroscopy. Semi-annual report, April 1--September 30, 1997

The work for this task was canceled as of February 1997. At that time, Suprex Corporation, the commercial partner, was purchased by a competitor (ISCO of Lincoln, Nebraska). ISCO had no plans to continue the development of the interface which the EERC and Suprex were developing since ISCO had recently developed a similar product based on a window (rather than a fiber optic) interface. The EERC is currently waiting for approval from the US Department of Energy to close out this task.

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Selection of an industrial natural-gas-fired advanced turbine system - Task 3A

TASK OBJECTIVES: Identify a gas-fueled turbine and steam system which will meet the program goals for efficiency - and emissions. TECHNICAL GOALS AND REQUIREMENTS: Goals for the Advanced Turbine System Program (ATS) where outlined in the statement of work for five basic categories: Cycle Efficiency - System heat rate to have a 15% improvement over 1991 vintage systems being offered to the market. Environmental No post-combustion devices while meeting the following parameter targets: (1) Nitrous Oxide (NO{sub x}) emissions to equal 8 parts per million dry (ppmd) with 15% oxygen. (2) Carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions to equal 20 parts per million(ppmd) each. Cost of electricity to be 10 percent less when compared to similar 1991 systems. Fuel Flexibility Have to ability to burn coal or coal derived fuels without extensive redesign. Reliability, Availability, Maintainability Reliability, availability and maintainability must be comparable to modern advanced power generation systems. For all cycle and system studies, analyses were done for the following engine system ambient conditions: Temperature - 59F; Altitude - Sea Level; Humidity - 60%. For the 1991 reference system, GE Aircraft Engines used its LM6OOO engine product offering for comparison of the Industrial System parameters developed under this program.

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Technical Quarterly Progress Report - Advanced Gas Turbine Systems Research. Quarterly Report April 1 - June 30, 1997

Some of the Major Accomplishments by AGTSR during this reporting period are: AGTSR`s five-year renewal proposal was approved by DOE- FETC and DOE-HQ`s extending the program until the Year 2001. AGTSR received the balance of funds for 1997 from DOE-FETC to cover the period June 13, 1997 to December 31, 1997 - the amount was for $2,367, 000 bringing the total to $4M for FY97. AGTSR provided a list of potential reviewers to DOE-HQ and DOE- FETC for SBIR proposals in the areas of sensors I controls and combustion. AGTSR participated on the ATS panel at the 1997 IGTI TurboExpo highlighting research collaborations within the AGTSR consortium. AGTSR displayed an exhibit booth at the 1997 IGTI TurboExpo showcasing their latest research results and program announcements. AGTSR distributed to the IRB and DOE two research reports from Clemson University`s film- cooling project. AGTSR distributed the proceedings (two volumes) from Heat Transfer Workshop II. AGTSR presented a paper at the 1997 IGTI TurboExpo on the status of its educational internship program with industry. AGTSR placed 17 interns at IRB company sites as part of the educational mission of the AGTSR consortium.

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Power Systems Development Facility. First quarterly report, 1997

The objective of this project, herein referred to as the Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF), is to evaluate hot gas particle control technologies using coal derived gas streams. This project entails the design, construction, installation, and use of a flexible test facility which can operate under realistic gasification and combustion conditions. The major particulate control device (PCD) issues to be addressed include the integration of the PCDs into coal utilization systems, on-line cleaning techniques, chemical and thermal degradation of components, fatigue or structural failures, blinding, collection efficiency as a function of particle size, and scale-up of particulate control systems to commercial size.

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Shale oil value enhancement research. Fourth quarterly report, 1996

The main activities during this quarter were: (a) separation and characterization of kerogen oil non-polar fractions, (1) participating in the Dawnbreaker Commercial Assistance Program, (c) continuing the liaison with potential industrial partners, and (d) submitting a Phase II final report. In October, we submitted a draft of the final report for the base program and option Ia activities. In this final report, it was concluded that the industry is showing interest in the concept of producing pyridines from kerogen oil. Our economic analysis showed that with current technologies, pyridines can be effectively and economically manufactured from kerogen oil and is competitive with the synthesis manufacturers. It was also recommended that the Government elect to exercise its option to complete the originally proposed program. Performance of research under Option-I(b) will focus on the alternative scheme for refining the pyridine concentrates into pyridine and lower alkyl pyridines which are more valuable and easier to market to the current consumers. Performance of research under Option-II will focus on assuring the market acceptability of kerogen oil products. At the end of November, the U.S. Department of Energy exercised their option to require JWBA to complete the contract as originally awarded. The work on tasks contained in these options will be initiated in the following quarter.

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High pressure coal-fired ceramic air heater for gas turbine applications. Second quarterly report, 1995

The manuscript of the paper presented at the Advanced Coal-Fired Power Systems `95 Review Meeting at DOE METC, June 27, was submitted for inclusion in the published proceedings. The paper focused on the building of the pilot plant in Kennebunk, Maine, and the proof of concept tests performed to date. Slide shows and tours of the Kennebunk Test Facility were held for local community leaders, many of whom were concerned about plant noise levels. The Kennebunk Rotary Club was addressed on July 18. On July 24, a town manager attended a demonstration of noise abatement measures Hague had taken to address complaints about the sound of the facility`s ID fan. This resulted in a favorable newspaper story published in the Biddeford - Saco Journal Tribune on July 26. Heat Exchanger Development Task 2.4.1 - Tube- String Development: Improve Tube Toughness: Evaluation of an improved containment system is proceeding. Several prototype samples fabricated some time ago have been tested. The first round of tests successfully demonstrated the containment concept. Tests are planned to evaluate the containment scheme using so called `high temperature` materials suitable for use in the CerHx.

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TIDD PFBC Demonstration Project. Second quarterly report, 1994

Major activities during this period include: (1) The unit operated for 1529 hours on coal, bringing the grand total for coal fire through the end of the quarter to 7847 hours. (2) During the quarter, the Tidd Plant set a new record for its longest continuous run on coal; 1079 hours, surpassing its previous record of 740 hours set in June-July of 1992. (3) The unit availability for the first half of 1994 was 54.7%. (4) There were four gas turbine starts, eight bed preheater starts, and six operating periods on coal. (5) During this quarter, total gross generation was 71,115 MWH, the peak unit output for one hour was 59 MWH, and the coal consumption was 35,696 tons. (6) Fifteen performance tests have been conducted since the start of the fourth year of operation. Eleven of the tests were conducted during the record run during May and June. (7) Agreements were finalized with the DOE, Ohio Coal Development Office, and technology vendors for funding of the fourth year of operation of the plant.

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Bench-scale demonstration of hot-gas desulfurization technology. First quarterly report, 1997

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC), is sponsoring research in advanced methods for controlling contaminants in hot coal gasifier gas (coal-derived fuel-gas) streams of integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) power systems. The hot gas cleanup work seeks to eliminate the need for expensive heat recovery equipment, reduce efficiency losses due to quenching, and minimize wastewater treatment costs. Hot-gas desulfurization research has focused on regenerable mixed-metal oxide sorbents that can reduce the sulfur in coal-derived fuel-gas to less than 20 ppmv and can be regenerated in a cyclic manner with air for multicycle operation. Zinc titanate (Zn{sub 2}TiO{sub 4} or ZnTiO{sub 3}), formed by a solid-state real of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO{sub 2}), is currently one of the leading sorbents.

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Low Quality Natural Gas Sulfur Removal and Recovery CNG Claus Sulfur Recovery Process

Increased use of natural gas (methane) in the domestic energy market will force the development of large non-producing gas reserves now considered to be low quality. Large reserves of low quality natural gas (LQNG) contaminated with hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S), carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) and nitrogen (N) are available but not suitable for treatment using current conventional gas treating methods due to economic and environmental constraints. A group of three technologies have been integrated to allow for processing of these LQNG reserves; the Controlled Freeze Zone (CFZ) process for hydrocarbon / acid gas separation; the Triple Point Crystallizer (TPC) process for H{sub 2}S / C0{sub 2} separation and the CNG Claus process for recovery of elemental sulfur from H{sub 2}S. The combined CFZ/TPC/CNG Claus group of processes is one program aimed at developing an alternative gas treating technology which is both economically and environmentally suitable for developing these low quality natural gas reserves. The CFZ/TPC/CNG Claus process is capable of treating low quality natural gas containing >10% C0{sub 2} and measurable levels of H{sub 2}S and N{sub 2} to pipeline specifications. The integrated CFZ / CNG Claus Process or the stand-alone CNG Claus Process has a number of attractive features for treating LQNG. The processes are capable of treating raw gas with a variety of trace contaminant components. The processes can also accommodate large changes in raw gas composition and flow rates. The combined processes are capable of achieving virtually undetectable levels of H{sub 2}S and significantly less than 2% CO in the product methane. The separation processes operate at pressure and deliver a high pressure (ca. 100 psia) acid gas (H{sub 2}S) stream for processing in the CNG Claus unit. This allows for substantial reductions in plant vessel size as compared to conventional Claus / Tail gas treating technologies. A close integration of the components of the CNG Claus process also allow for use of the methane/H{sub 2}S separation unit as a Claus tail gas treating unit by recycling the CNG Claus tail gas stream. This allows for virtually 100 percent sulfur recovery efficiency (virtually zero SO{sub 2} emissions) by recycling the sulfur laden tail gas to extinction. The use of the tail gas recycle scheme also deemphasizes the conventional requirement in Claus units to have high unit conversion efficiency and thereby make the operation much less affected by process upsets and feed gas composition changes. The development of these technologies has been ongoing for many years and both the CFZ and the TPC processes have been demonstrated at large pilot plant scales. On the other hand, prior to this project, the CNG Claus process had not been proven at any scale. Therefore, the primary objective of this portion of the program was to design, build and operate a pilot scale CNG Claus unit and demonstrate the required fundamental reaction chemistry and also demonstrate the viability of a reasonably sized working unit.

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Pulsed atmospheric fluidized bed combustion. Quarterly report, July 1--September 30, 1995

The report summarizes progress in design, fabrication, and construction activities. Progress on the fluid bed combustor, piping, fuel feeding system, ash system, and the control and instrumentation design is described. The report lists the construction activities completed during this quarter which included bed tubes installation, fan inlet flow measuring duct, bag filter, silencers for roots blowers, electric power cabling connections, light distributor panel and transformer installation inside the control panel, steam/water recirculation piping, fine coal receiving vent filter, and partial painting of ash silo and boiler.

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Land application uses for dry FGD by-products. Third quarterly report, 1995

The primary purpose of this report is to create beneficial reuse standards for coal ash and clean coal technology by-products. One of the highlights of the report is the benefits of FGD by-products for agriculture. Alfalfa growth and yields have been better this year than any other year. The report provides a brief information on study of FGD benefits for neutralizing acid mine spoil or coal refuse. Chemical Speciation models were conducted to improve our understanding of the impact of FGD on soil, water and plant quality.

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Shale oil value enhancement research. Fourth quarterly report, 1996

Concurrent activities are ongoing in all key areas, namely, (a) construction and startup of a flow THDA reactor system, (b) development of KPX product slate, and (c) conducting industrial liaison for assembly of the KPX consortium. Excellent progress is being made in all cases. Our market analysis and industrial feedback have caused us to focus on pyridine itself. We are concentrating our effort toward increasing the yield of pyridine at present. To produce sufficient quantity of sample for marketing purpose, we needed an in- house flow THDA unit. This unit is in its startup phase. The completion of the flow THDA unit will allow us to produce pyridine effectively. The liaison with potential industrial partners is continuing. At the present time, we have a confidentiality agreement with many of the major target companies. Follow-up work has been initiated and excellent progress has been made. To expedite the process, we reached an agreement with Mr. David Purpi as a consultant to assist on the industrial liaison. Mr Purpi has served many years as a marketing executive for a major pyridine manufacturer and has extensive experience in pyridine production and marketing. His appointment to work on this project has been approved by the DOE.

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Naturally Fractured Tight Gas, Gas Reservoir Detection, Optimization. Quarterly report, October 1 - December 31, 1996

Data tapes were shipped from Western Geophysical for interpretation. The data tapes include wiggle trace data (two azimuth volumes of post stack time migration seismic data) and velocity data (2 azimuths stacking velocity cubes). The two azimuth volumes are those source receivers in the fast P wave velocity direction and the slow P wave velocity direction, as picked from super gathers that scanned over azimuth, termed azimuth bin gathers. Spatial variability in the direction of the fast P wave and the spatial variability in the magnitude of the difference of the two velocities are observed in the Rulison 3D dataset. The difference of interval velocity with azimuth is one of the more robust, and preferred, measures of seismic anisotropy. The stacking velocity cubes for each azimuth are used to determine the interval velocities of the two different azimuths. We also observed in the azimuth bin gathers significant azimuthal variations in amplitude (brightening and dimming) which were centered on the two chosen azimuths. This is very important because it indicates field data support that the amplitude anisotropy is oriented the same as the velocity anistropy. When the cause of the velocity anistropy is the same as the cause of the amplitude anistropy, then the velocity and amplitude anistropy will be aligned. The Western Geophysical Fractogram approach will further test the hypothesis (and the preliminary field data observation) that the two observations have the same orientation. However, if different causes exist for velocity versus amplitude anistropy, then the two effects need not be aligned.

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High Volume--High Volume Usage of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) By-Products in Underground Mines. Quarterly report, July 1-September 31, 1996

The focus of activity for this quarter was the final selection and preparation of a mine site for the grout emplacement field demonstration. The site chosen is located in Floyd County, Kentucky and is owned by the Sunny Ridge Mining Company. Specifically, a northeast-trending highwall was selected that contains numerous auger holes of 31 inch diameter and varying depth. The coal has been deep- mined beyond the auger holes thus limiting their length. Access to the site is good, and the overlying strata are relatively un- weathered and competent. Preparation of the site involved culling a road to the highwall, followed by uncovering the auger holes which had previously been partially filled and graded with rock. The auger holes were then extensively characterized in the context of overall dimensions, condition, and extent of communication between holes. For this portion of the work, several types of apparatus were obtained, and constructed. Selection of a grout emplacement method was also completed. It was decided that concrete trucks will transport the dry FBC flash to the site whereupon a specified amount of water will be added. This grout will then be transferred to a concrete pumping truck that will be used to inject the material into the auger holes. In this quarter, the arrangements necessary to complete the emplacement have been made.

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Task 8 -- Management and reporting. Semi-annual report, April 1--September 30, 1997

The task of addressing the environmental needs of nuclear defense complex sites under the US Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Management (EM) Program requires the timely availability of appropriate cleanup technologies. Fostering the commercialization of these technologies is the mission of EM-50, the EM Program Office of Science and Technology. DOE`s Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC) pursues activities integral to the EM-50 mission through its Cooperative Agreement with the EM Office of Science and Technology (EMCA). The primary objective of Task 8 is to ensure the effectiveness of the EMCA. This is accomplished through (1) the coordination of internal EMCA activities and coordination with the FETC contractor`s representative, (2) the coordination and expansion of the EMCA, and (3) effective technical transfer.

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