AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF ADVANCED RESERVOIR CHARECTERIZATION, SIMULATION AND PRODUCTION OPTIMAZATION STRATEGIES TO MAXIMIZE RECOVERY IN SLOPE AND BASIN CLASTIC RESERVOIRS,WEST TEXAS(DELEWARE BASIN)

The objective of this Class III project is to demonstrate that detailed reservoir characterization of clastic reservoirs in basinal sandstones of the Delaware Mountain Group in the Delaware Basin of West Texas and New Mexico is a cost-effective way to recover more of the original oil in place by strategic infill-well placement and geologically based field development. The study focused on Geraldine Ford field, which produces from the upper Bell Canyon Formation (Ramsey sandstone), and West Ford field, which produces from the upper Cherry Canyon and lower Bell Canyon Formations. Reservoirs in these and other Delaware Mountain Group fields have low producibility (average recovery <14 percent of the original oil in place) because of a high degree of vertical and lateral heterogeneity caused by depositional processes and post depositional diagenetic modification. Outcrop analogs were studied to better interpret the depositional processes that formed the reservoirs at Geraldine Ford and West Ford fields and to determine the dimensions of reservoir sandstone bodies. Stratal relationships examined in laterally continuous outcrop exposures of upper Bell Canyon sandstones in Culberson County, Texas, indicate that the  sandstones were deposited by high- and low-density turbidity currents in a basinal deep-water setting. The fundamental depositional element is the channel with attached levees and lobes. These elements appear to initially step into the basin, aggrade, then step back toward the shelf.

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Advanced Oil Recovery Technologies for Improved Recovery From Slope Basin Clastic Reservoirs, Nash Draw Brushy Canyon Pool, Eddy County, New Mexico

The overall objective of this project is to demonstrate that a development program? based on advanced reservoir management methods? can significantly improve oil recovery at the Nash Draw Pool (NDP). The plan includes developing a control area using standard reservoir management techniques and comparing its performance to an area developed using advanced reservoir management methods. Specific goals are: (1) to demonstrate that an advanced development drilling and pressure maintenance program can significantly improve oil recovery compared to existing technology applications and (2) to transfer these advanced methodologies to oil and gas producers in the Permian Basin and elsewhere throughout the U.S. oil and gas industry.

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ADVANCED APPLICATIONS OF  WIRELINE LOGGING FOR IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY WORKSHOP

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) continues to actively pursue its goal of transferring to the petroleum industry critical information about technologies currently being applied in its Field Demonstration Program and other projects. DOE and BDM Oklahoma, with the aid of the Petroleum Technology Transfer Council, are teaming to provide industry with both a fresh perspective on technology use in these projects and a wide spectrum of practical applications of specific technologies. The Class Program field demonstration projects were selected to form the "core" of projects from which to draw for this practically oriented technology transfer effort. The objectives of this activity are to (1) identify technology advances and usable products demonstrated in Class and other program projects, (2) organize a series of workshops focused on technologies of significant interest and utility to industry, and (3) produce a published volume on each technology addressed in the workshop series. These workshops and their accompanying peer-reviewed volumes will not be technically or academically oriented treatments of the technologies, but "here's how we did it" and "here's how it worked" treatments in a case history context.

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CO2 Huff-N-Puff Process in a Light Oil Shallow Shelf Carbonate Reservoir

The application of cyclic CO2, often referred to as the CO2 Huff-n-Puff process, may find its niche in the maturing waterfloods of the Permian Basin. Coupling the CO2 Huff-n-Puff process o miscible flooding applications could provide the needed revenue to sufficiently mitigate near term negative cash flow concerns in the capital-intensive miscible projects. Texaco Exploration & Production Inc. and the U. S. Department of Energy have teamed up in an attempt to develop the CO2 Huff-n-Puff process in the Grayburg and San Andres formations which are light oil, shallow shelf carbonate reservoirs that exist throughout the Permian Basin. This cost-shared effort is intended to demonstrate the viability of this underutilized technology in a specific class of domestic reservoir.

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Figure 10

Comparison of low and high frequency predicted saturated velocities for transversely isotropic granite.  a) P velocities and b) S velocities.  The measured dry data from Lo, et al. (1986) are plotted as points and predicted values as curves.  For P velocities, the triangles are the dry velocities in the slow x-3 direction and the circles are the dry velocities in the fast x-1 direction.  For the shear velocities, the triangles are the dry velocities for one of the equivalent polarizations propagating in the x-1 direction with the fast x-2 polarization.  The dashed curves denote the low frequency predictions of saturated fast and slow velocities using equation (2) while the solid curves are the high frequency ones using equation (29).

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Cruise Report for a Seismic Investigation of Gas Hydrates in the Mississippi Canyon Region, Northern Gulf of Mexico

During June 1998, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the University of Mississippi Marine Minerals Technology Center (MMTC) conducted a 12-day cruise in the Mississippi Canyon region of the Gulf of Mexico (Fig. 1). The R/V Tommy Munro, owned by the Marine Research Institute of the University of Southern Mississippi, was chartered for the cruise. The general objective was to acquire very high resolution seismic-reflection data across of the upper and middle continental slope (200-1200-m water depths) to study the acoustic character, distribution and potential effects of gas hydrates within the shallow subsurface, extending from the sea floor down to the base of the gas-hydrate stability zone.

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Valley-Fill Sandstones in the Kootenai Formation on the Crow Indian Reservation, South-Central Montana

Subsurface data is being collected, organized, and a digital database is being prepared for the project. An ACCESS database and PC-Arcview is being used to manage and interpret the data. Well data and base map data have been successfully imported into Arcview and customized to meet the needs of this project. All of the four 30? X 60? geologic quadrangles have been scanned to produce a digital surface geologic data base for the Crow Reservation and all are nearing completion. Formal technical review, prior to publication, will begin in January, 1998. Field investigations were completed during this quarter. With the help of a student field assistant from the Crow Tribe, the entire project area was inventoried for the presence of valley-fill deposits in the Kootenai Formation. Field inventory has resulted in the identification of nine exposures of thick valley fill deposits. These appear to represent at least four major westward-trending valley systems. All the channel localities have been measured and described in detail and paleocurrent data has been collected from all but one locality. In addition, two stratigraphic sections were measured in areas where channels are absent. One channel has bee traced over a distance of about 60 miles and exhibits definite paleostructural control.

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THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY'S CLASS PROGRAM WOEKSHOP ON RESERVOIR CHARECTERIZATION

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has developed a coordinated strategic plan for all oil technology, natural gas supply, and related environmental research, development, and demonstration program activities. Individual program drivers stem from defined Federal Government roles to maintain reliable domestic energy supplies at reasonable costs; increase the value of Federal lands and U.S. Treasury revenues by maximizing production; provide science and technology leadership; enhance global market opportunities for U.S. energy technologies; and serve as a catalyst for industry, State, and other Federal agency partnerships. In this context, DOE's primary mission in the National Oil Program is to maximize the recovery of oil from known domestic reservoirs in an economically and environmentally sound manner, preserve access to this resource (Le. to delay well and reservoir abandonments), and maintain U.S. competitiveness in the global marketplace.

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GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY OF TERTIARY ROCKS OF THE SAN JUAN BASIN, NEW MEXICO

The purpose of this paper is to present the known facts relating to Tertiary aquifers of the San Juan Basin in New Mexico. These facts are based on data collected from observations at outcrop" correlations of electric logs, data of pumping test, of water wells and chemical analyses of water samples. Some of these rocks have the basic characteristics of aquifers and are composed of clastic sediments that are porous, permeable and contain water. Not all tertiary clastics of the San Juan Basin are aquifers. Some beds are porous and permeable, but do not contain water. Whereas other beds are porous and contain water, but are not permeable. The rocks which cannot yield water in quantities and at rates sufficient for use are the silts, clays and sandy shales.

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Revitalizing a Mature Oil Play: Strategies for Finding and Producing Unrecovered Oil in Texas

The Frio Fluvial-Deltaic Sandstone (Vicksburg Fault Zone) oil play of South Texas has produced nearly 1 billion barrels (Bbbl)of oil, yet it still contains about 1.6 Bbbl of unrecovered mobile oil and nearly the same amount of residual oil resources. More than half of the reservoirs in this depositionally complex play have been abandoned, and large volumes of oil may remain unproduced unless advanced characterization techniques are applied to define untapped, incompletely drained and new pool reservoirs as suitable targets for near-term recovery. Interwell-scale geological facies models of Frio fluvial-deltaic reservoirs are being combined with engineering assessments and geophysical evaluations in order to characterize reservoir architecture and flow-unit boundaries and to determine the controls that these characteristics exert on the location and volume of unrecovered mobile and residual oil. These results will help identify specific opportunities to exploit these heterogeneous reservoirs for incremental recovery by completion and strategic infill drilling.

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Development of a Near-Bit MWD System Phase II - Final Report

The program objective was to develop a Near-Bit Measurement-While-Drilling (MWD) system which collects borehole directional data and formation parameters directly at the drill bit-rock interface and transmits this information electromagnetically to a distant receiver located some 50 - 100 feet above the bit. The system is to be designed to work with positive-displacement motors and stabilized bottomhole assemblies from all manufacturers and to pass its data message to third party steering tools and conventional MWD telemetry systems for subsequent transmission to the surface. The work was performed by a joint team from Maurer Engineering Inc. (MEl) and Guided Boring Systems (GBS), both of Houston, Texas, under contract from the Morgantown Energy Technology Center, U. S. Department of Energy (METC).

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Field Verification of CO2 Foam

The East Vacuum Grayburg/San Andres Unit (EVGSAU), operated by Phillips Petroleum Company, was the site selected for a comprehensive evaluation of the use of foam for improving the effectiveness of a CO2 flood. This project, entitled "Field Verification of CO2-Foam,''was jointly funded by the EVGSAU working interest owners, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the State of New Mexico. The DOE provided $2 million or approximately 34% of the total project costs, the EVGSAU provided $2.46 million, the State of New Mexico contributed approximately $1.2 million, and about $103,000 of other industrial funds were used. The Petroleum Recovery Research Center (pRRC), a division of the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, provided laboratory and research support for the project. A joint project advisory team composed of technical representatives from several major oil companies provided input, review, and guidance for the project. The project, which began in 1989, had a scheduled duration of four years, but the DOE granted a extension to the end of March 1995 for the purpose of continued project evaluation. A field test of the CO2-foam has been successfully conducted, and preliminary results are promising. Response in the foam injection well has been as anticipated, and an offset producing well experienced a positive oil response as a result of the foam test. Based on the favorable results observed in the foam injection test, a second foam test was conducted. The monitoring program included analysis of injectivity data, pressure falloff tests, observation well logs, interwell tracer response, production logs, history of production rates, and changes in gas-oil ratio. This report presents an overview of the project and provides results of the laboratory work, simulation studies, and field tests.

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Post Waterflood C02 Miscible Flood in Light Oil Fluvial - Dominated Deltaic Reservoirs

The Port Neches Marg Area 1 production stabilized at 215 BOPD for this quarter (Fig. 1). GO2 purchase has been discontinued since November of 1995. Currently the project performance is being evaluated using a reservoir model in order to justify additional C02 purchases, especially with the production rate being below expectation. C02 purchases will be justified based on continuous operations. Water injection is continuing in the horizontal well to maintain reservoir pressure. Wells Kuhn #17 and Stark #10 (Fig. 2) continue to inject C02 in the vicinity of the producing wells Kuhn #15R and Kuhn #38. reservoir production and yield will be monitored for additional WAG cycles.

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Research Program on Fractured Petroleum Reservoirs

A number of experiments have been performed to study water injection in fractured porous media. These experiments reveal that: 1) the co-current imbibitions may be the primary flow process in water-wet fractured media, and 2) the imbibitions may result in over 20 percent recovery from very tight rock (Austin Chalk with kma of the order of 0.01 md) for an imbibitions period of about 2 months. Theoretical considerations reveal that the exponential function of Aronofsky et al. [1958] does not describe the early-time, but may represent the late-time recovery.

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ADVANCED OIL RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVED RECOVERY FROM SLOPE BASIN CLASTIC RESERVOIRS, NASE DRAW BRUSHY CANYON POOL, EDDY COUNTY, NM

The overall objective of this project is to demonstrate that a development program based on advanced reservoir management methods can significantly improve oil recovery and to transfer this technology to oil and gas producers in the Permian Basin. The demonstration plan includes developing a control area using standard reservoir management techniques and comparing the performance of the control area with an area developed using advanced management methods. Specific goals to attain the objective are: (1) to demonstrate that a development drilling program and pressure maintenance program, based on advanced reservoir management methods, can significantly improve oil recovery compared with existing technology applications, and; (2) to transfer the advanced methodologies to oil and gas producers in the Permian Basin and elsewhere in the U. S. oil and gas industry.

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MAINTAINING OIL PRODUCTION FROM MARGINAL FIELDS

Premature abandonment of marginal oil wells and fields is a growing energy problem in the United States. Once a field is abandoned, the remaining resources are essentially removed from future access by the high cost of reestablishing production. The growing rate of abandonment of wells and fields that contain substantial amounts of potentially recoverable oil will increase the nation's dependence on imported petroleum products, which currently account for about half of total U.S. oil consumption and nearly one-third of the merchandise trade deficit. Maintaining a viable domestic supply of oil and natural gas is important to the United States for both economic and strategic reasons.  Prolonging the life of marginal oil wells and fields is a major component of the Department of Energy's Oil Program. Based on its conclusion that the application of new and existing recovery technologies to marginal fields would have a major positive effect on future domestic oil production, DOE developed its Reservoir Class Field Demonstration Program to encourage industry, in a 50-50 cost-shilling effort, to demonstrate technologies that would prolong oil production in marginal fields at current and projected oil prices.

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Advanced Waterflood Technologies For The Sooner Unit, Denver Basin

The current rote of abandonment for U.S. domestic oil wells poses a severe threat to mature fields with marginal production. If access to the wells can be maintained, available and developing technologies can be applied to reduce operating costs and increase production, prolonging the economic life of the field and adding reserves to the nation's oil supply. The Department of Energy is cofunding a series of Oil Recovery Field Demonstration Projects designed to apply specific technologies identified by industry as needed to overcome specific barriers to production in the nation's various oil-producing regions, such as the Sooner Unit's isolated oil compartments. Diversified Operation's Sooner Unit project is designed to demonstrate the effective use of modern 3-D  seismic surveying combined with state-of-the-art reservoir analysis and computer simulation to determine the optimal locations for new "infill" wells that can contact and produce these isolated sources of oil. The project's test wells have already produced an additional 5% of the original oil in place, and doubled field production to nearly 500 barrels per day. Diversified estimates that 730,000 barrels of additional oil will be produced at the Sooner Unit as a result of the technologies demonstrated in this project. This additional oil will provide an estimated $1 .7 million in direct local, state and federal revenue, in addition to jobs, increased sales of equipment and services.

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APPENDIX C IN SUPPORT OF THE PLANNED MASSIVE HYDRAULIC FRACTURE TO BE PERFORMED BY PACIFIC TRANSMISSION SUPPLY COMPANY IN THE UINTA BASIN

Degradation of permeability due to the application of hydraulic fracturing fluid has been postulated to be one of the reasons why massive hydraulic fractures fail (Davis, 1975; Clark, 1977). The selection of fracturing fluid for a fracture job is not only dependent on its  effectiveness of creating the fracture, in propagating proppants, but also its damaging nature. Several previous studies (Simon, et aL. 1977; Davis, 1975; Haiwka, 1972) have indicated that certain fracturing fluids are less damaging and behave differently to specific formation lithologies. The following factors need to be considered in the se1~ction of the fluid that will cause the least amount of damage in relation to the time of damage recovery, 1. Initial reservoir permeability 2. Relationship of back flow pressure to the reservoir pressure. In a previous work of fracturing fluid/rock interaction by Simonson (1976) it was concluded that tests should be performed at in situ conditions. He attained a wide contrast of results between tests at atmospheric conditions of temperature, and saturation levels and conditions at simulated in situ conditi.ons. This necessitates the requirement of studying such fracturing fluid/rock interaction for samples at their in situ conditions.

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Solid-State 13C NMR Analysis of Shales and Coals from Laramide Basins

This Western Research Institute (WRI) jointly sponsored research (JSR) project augmented and complemented research conducted by the University of Wyoming Institute For Energy Research for the Gas Research Institute. The project, "A New Innovative Exploitation Strategy for Gas Accumulations Within Pressure Compartments," was a continuation of a project funded by the GRI Pressure Compartmentalization Program that began in 1990. That project, "Analysis of Pressure Chambers and Seals in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana," characterized a new class of hydrocarbon traps, the discovery of which can provide an impetus to revitalize the domestic petroleum industry.

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Trace Elements in Coal

Recent literature on trace elements in coal is reviewed. Developments in quantitative analysis techniques are reported. Problems associated with sample preparation, repeatability and reproducibility, and representativeness of samples are discussed. The modes of occurrence and methods of determining them are examined followed by an account of the trace element mineralogy in coal. The potential of coal cleaning as a way of reducing the trace element content is assessed. Finally, the partitioning of trace elements in combustion, especially into the finest size fractions of the ash, is considered.

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Assist in the Recovery of Bypassed Oil from Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico

The overall objective of this research was to assist in the recovery of this non-contacted oil from known reservoirs on the Outer Continental Shelf in the Gulf of Mexico. This project proceeded under three broad phases: analysis, supporting research, and technology transfer. This final report has been organized into a description of the overall work plan of this project and five volumes. Because of the wide variation and complex coverage of several topics and disciplines, each volume contains its own table of contents, list of tables, list of figures, abstract, executive summary, introduction, subject sections or chapters, acknowledgements, bibliographies, index, and appendices.

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IMPROVED EFFICIENCY OF MISCIBLE CO2 FLOODS AND ENHANCED PROSPECTS FOR CO2 FLOODING HETEROGENEOUS RESERVOIRS

The objective of this experimental research is to improve the effectiveness of CO2 flooding in heterogeneous reservoirs. Activities are being conducted in three closely related areas: 1) exploring further the applicability of selective mobility reduction (SMR) in the use of foam flooding, 2) exploring the possibility of higher economic viability of floods at slightly reduced CO2 injection pressures, and 3) taking advantage of gravitational forces during low interfacial tension (1FT), Coz flooding in tight, vertically fractured reservoirs.

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OIL RECOVERY PROGRAM

One of America's most serious energy problems is the premature abandonment of still-productive domestic oil fields. Already, over half of the crude oil discovered in the United States lies in fields that were abandoned when they became no longer Viable economically and the rate of abandonment is accelerating. As much as 70 percent of the Nation's remaining oil resources could be lost by shortly after the year 2000. The high capital costs of drilling wells and returning pumps, piping, tanks, and other equipment to these fields (and, in some cases, the difficulties of restoring production leases) make it unlikely that abandoned fields will ever be reopened, even if oil prices rise in the future. Unless slowed, the trend to abandonment will lead directly to further job losses and declining oil production.

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