AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
X-ray Computed Tomography Observation of Methane Hydrate Dissociation

Deposits of naturally occurring methane hydrate have been identified in permafrost and deep oceanic environments with global abundance estimated to be twice the total amount of energy stored in fossil fuels. The fundamental behavior of methane hydrate in natural formations, while poorly understood, is of critical importance if the economic recovery of methane from hydrates is to be accomplished. In this study, computed X-ray tomography (CT) scanning is used to image an advancing dissociation front in a laboratory-prepared, heterogeneous gas hydrate/sand sample at 0.1 MPa. The cylindrical methane hydrate and sand aggregate, 2.54 cm in diameter and 6.3 cm long, was contained in a PVC sample holder insulated on all but one end. At the uninsulated end, the dissociated gas was captured and the volume of gas monitored. The sample was initially imaged axially using X-ray CT scanning within the methane hydrate stability zone at 77?K. As the sample was subsequently warmed through the methane hydrate dissociation point at 194?K and room pressure, gas was produced and the temperature at the bottom of the sample plug was monitored while CT images were acquired. The experiment showed that CT imaging can resolve the reduction in density (as seen by a reduction in beam attenuation) of the hydrate/sand aggregate due to the dissociation of methane hydrate. In addition, a comparison of CT images with gas flow and temperature measurements reveals the CT scanner is able to resolve accurately and spatially the advancing dissociation front. Future experiments designed to better understand the thermodynamics of hydrate dissociation are planned to take advantage of the temporal and spatial resolution that the CT scanner provides.

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Improved Miscible Nitrogen Flood Performance Utilizing Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Horizontal Laterals in a Class I Reservoir ? East Binger (Marchand) Unit

Work associated with Budget Period 1 of the East Binger (Marchand) Unit has been completed. The final Budget Period 1 tasks completed in the first quarter of 2002 were the evaluation of development alternatives for the pilot area and the designing of upgrades and additions to facilities. Four principal development alternatives utilizing different combinations of vertical and horizontal wells have been evaluated for the pilot project to be implemented in Budget Period 2. The final plan of development includes drilling three new horizontal producing wells and one new injection well, converting five producers to injection service, and expanding injection capacity for the field.

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Measured Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Compressional (Vp) and Shear (Vs) Wave Speeds in  Polycrystalline sI Methane-Ethane Hydrate and Polycrystalline Ice Ih

We report on laboratory measurements of compressional and shear wave speeds in compacted, polycrystalline methane hydrate and polycrystaline ice Ih samples.

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CHEMICALLY BONDED PHOSPHATE CERAMICS: CEMENTING THE GAP BETWEEN CERAMICS AND CEMENTS*

An overview of chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (CBPCs), that fill the gap between cements and conventional ceramics, is provided. CBPCs are synthesized by chemical reactions, most of them at ambient conditions, and hence are most useful in high volume applications. These applications include stabilization of hazardous and radioactive wastes, various structural materials applications, including road repair, oil well cements, and architectural products. The products are mainly magnesium and iron-phosphate ceramics. Specialty formulations have also been developed for biomaterials applications using calcium-phosphate-based ceramics. This article reviews the chemistry of syntheses of these materials, using magnesium iron and aluminum phosphate ceramics as representative examples, provides a summary of their properties and an overview of their niche applications.

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Applying 3D Seismic to Underexplored Areas in the Uinta Basin

Seismic Summary Parameters North Hill Creek 3D -Energy Source: 80% Vibroseis/20%Dynamite -Group & Source Interval: 220 feet -Receiver Geometry: 660-foot spacing, E-W -Source Geometry: 1,320-foot spacing, diagonal -CDP Coverage: 45 nominal fold

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CLASS PROJECT SUMMARY SHEETS: Oil Recovery Field Demonstration Program

The Field Demonstration Program was initiated in FY92 in response to rapidly declining domestic production and the realization that huge volumes of oil are being abandoned in reservoirs because of uneconomic production techniques. This program is just one of the critical elements of the Oil Program necessary to move improved oil recovery (IOR) technology from the conceptual stage through research, pilot scale field experiments, and full-scale field demonstrations to industry acceptance and commercialization. Both successful results and failures of the field demonstrations will provide focus to concurrent research programs. Elements of the field demonstrations that are suitable for broad industry application will be communicated to the industry through the oil programs technology transfer.

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Reply to ?Comments on ?Anomalous Preservation of Pure Methane Hydrate at 1 atm??

We are pleased to receive such prompt and considered commentary on our recent findings1 regarding methane hydrate ?anomalous preservation?. We agree that future studies of gas hydrate decomposition may well benefit from further consideration of the rich literature available on the kinetics of nonhydrate, endothermic decomposition reactions. Such a review was beyond the scope of our report because of the necessary inclusion of the numerous technical, experimental, apparatus, and measurement details critical for the full understanding and/ or replication of our test results.

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EL TRES PROPOSES NEW EXPLORATION IMDA Fort Peck Reservation Assessment of Hydrocarbon Seepage

Following the termination of the Tribes Indian Mineral Development Act (IMDA) Agreement with Gulf Canada Resources Ltd. (GCRL) the Tribes were assigned all the non-tribal leases by GCRL. Armed with 3D seismic data from that exploration venture and with DOE funded surface exploration data, the Tribes have encouraged a drilling proposal for at least two 7,000 ft. oil tests by El Tres Exploration of Houston Texas. These lie within Area 6 of DOE Grant #DE-PS26- 00BC15192, also known as the Wicape 3D Seismic Prospect Area. Semi-annual report #15192R01 summarized the initial confirmation of surface hydrocarbon anomalies in the Wicape area that correlated well to previously identified 3D seismic structural prospects. Semi-annual report #15192R02 showed in detail the data and map interpretations derived from this area that have encouraged El Tres to explore for oil in the area.

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ADVANCED OIL RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVED RECOVERY FROM SLOPE BASIN CLASTIC RESERVOIRS, NASH DRAW BRUSHY CANYON POOL, EDDY COUNTY, NM

The overall objective of this project is to demonstrate that a development program-based on advanced reservoir management methods-can significantly improve oil recovery at the Nash Draw Pool (NDP). The plan includes developing a control area using standard reservoir management techniques and comparing its performance to an area developed using advanced reservoir management methods. Specific goals are (1) to demonstrate that an advanced development drilling and pressure maintenance program can significantly improve oil recovery compared to existing technology applications and (2) to transfer these advanced methodologies to oil and gas producers in the Permian Basin and elsewhere throughout the U.S. oil and gas industry.

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Escape of methane gas through sediment waves in a large methane hydrate province

Despite paleoceanographic evidence that large quantities of methane have escaped from marine gas hydrates into the oceans, the sites and mechanisms of methane release remain largely speculative. New seismic data from the Blake Ridge, a hydrate-bearing drift deposit in the western Atlantic, show clear evidence for methane release and suggest a new mechanism by which methane gas can escape, without thermal or mechanical disruption of the hydrate-bearing layer. Rapid, post?2.5 Ma formation of large sediment waves and associated seafloor erosion created permeable pathways connecting free gas to the seafloor, allowing methane gas expulsion. The amount of missing methane, 0.6 Gt, is equivalent to ;12% of total present-day atmospheric methane. Our results imply that significant amounts of methane gas can bypass the hydrate stability zone and escape into the ocean. Mechanisms of tapping methane directly from the free-gas zone, such as widespread seafloor erosion, should be considered when seeking the causes of large negative carbon isotope excursions in the geological record.

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Microholes for Designer Seismic in Support of CO2 EORW

The primary goal is to show that microholes provide downhole access at significantly lower cost than conventional wells and provide superior acoustic performance when compared with the use of temporarily converted production or injection wells. A secondary goal of the project is to evaluate new prototypes of commercial drilling equipment. The Los Alamos National Laboratory microdrilling rig serves as a platform to evaluate commercial technology that is suitable for microdrilling and completion service.

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Realistic Velocity Anisotropy Estimation in Complex 3-D Environments

The objective of this research is to develop forward modeling, velocity analysis, and migration methods in anisotropic media. The methodology and algorithms developed by this project will improve the quality and resolution of seismic images that are critical to the economic exploration for hydrocarbons. In addition, this project provides critical understanding of the fundamental physics of wave propagation in anisotropic media, which is necessary for the design of optimal seismic surveys used in hydrocarbons exploration.

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Seismic and Thermal Characterization of a Bottom Simulating Reflection in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

High-resolution multichannel seismic reflection data, exploration industry 3D seismic data, and heat flow measurements collected on the southeast side of a minibasin (Casey basin) in the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope have been used to characterize a bottom simulating reflection (BSR). The BSR, which covers a small area of about 15 km2, is identified by cross cutting relationships with seismic stratigraphy. Two mounds are identified; the larger Alpha mound is structurally formed at the junction of three arms of the structural high east of the minibasin. The smaller Beta mound may be a seep site. Conventional heat flow measurements yield higher gradients (39-49 mK/m) to the northeast of the structural high and lower values (30-38 mK/m) to the south and west along the edge of the minibasin, which is separated from the structural high by the eastern Casey fault zone. When the near-seafloor thermal gradients are extrapolated to the depth of the BSR, the resulting temperatures are generally too low if the BSR marks the base of the hydrate stability zone in a methane-only gas hydrate system. Plausible changes in pore water salinity or gas composition cannot account for this disparity, and thermal perturbations caused by fluid downwelling, mass wasting, or depth-dependent thermal conductivity variations might best explain the low predicted BSR temperatures. The recognition of a BSR in the study area provides geophysical evidence that a hydrate stability zone with trapped free gas at its base exists in the northern Gulf and that minibasins can be locations for finding subsurface hydrate-associated free gas and probable gas hydrate.

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Advanced Ultra High Speed Motor for Drilling

A 300VDC pulse modulated PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous machine) axial motor in the patented inverted configuration was chosen for this drilling application at 10,000 rpm. Materials were selected and both 3.0? and 1.69? OD motors of this type have been electro-mechanical designed and FEA modeled. PCB board designs are now ongoing. Manufacturer seal data have been reviewed and manufacturers met with, but not selected. Engineering designs for layout and manufacturing have been made and nearing final. Concerns remaining are bending with the 1mm air gaps between moving parts (rotor-stator), sealing, journal bearing spacing, heating/ cooling, vibration/ harmonics and manufacturing ease. Some bearing and seal parts many be purchased for testing.

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Q as a Lithological/Hydrocarbon Indicator: Full Waveform Sonic to 3-D Surface Seismic

The objective is to develop methods to exploit viscoelastic rock and fluid properties to greatly enhance the sensitivity of surface seismic measurements to the presence of hydrocarbon saturation. Researchers plan to use well log, lithology, production, and 3-D seismic data from an oil reservoir in north central Texas. The proposed program provides a methodology for processing and interpreting surface/subsurface data to determine reservoir properties and for applying the information to predict hydrocarbon locations and volume estimates in complex geological environments.

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ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY BY HORIZONTAL WATERFLOODING

This report summarizes the final results of a project conducted by Grand Resources, Inc. entitled ?Enhanced Oil Recovery by Horizontal Waterflooding?. This work was conducted over a three-year period beginning in September 2002. The objective of the project was to conduct a field test of a horizontal waterflooding process for the recovery of additional oil from a low permeability shallow Bartlesville sandstone reservoir in northeast Oklahoma. Recovery from conventional primary and secondary recovery operations has been low, leaving a considerable resource available for an improved oil recovery process.

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An Advanced Fracture Characterization and Well-Path Navigation System for Effective Redevelopment and Enhancement of Ultimate Recovery from the Complex Monterey Reservoir of the South Ellwood Field Offshore California

The project goal was to redevelop the Monterey Formation, a Class III deep basin mudstone reservoir, at South Ellwood field, offshore Santa Barbara, CA. The primary objective is to identify fault blocks that may contain additional oil reserves.

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Cost Effective Surfactant Formulations for Improved Oil Recovery in Carbonate Reservoirs

This report updates work during the 13 - 18 month time period of this 3-year project. The objective of this project is to improve the performance of chemical aqueous phase formulations that are designed to increase oil recovery from fractured, oil-wet carbonate reservoir rock. This process works by increasing the rate and extent of aqueous phase imbibition into the matrix blocks in the reservoir and thereby displacing crude oil normally not recovered in a conventional waterflood operation.

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AN INTEGRATED GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SUBSURFACE GAS HYDRATES IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO

As commercial hydrocarbon exploration and production move into deep water in the Gulf of Mexico, drilling is occurring in regions where gas hydrates are theoretically stable. Whereas initial concern about drilling through the hydrate stability zone centered on environmental safety, borehole stability, and slope stability issues, recognizing that gas hydrates may be a viable future energy resource has also engendered industry interest for their economic potential.

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Establishing the Relationship between Fracture-Related Dolomite and Primary Rock Fabric on the Distribution of Reservoirs in the Michigan Basin

This progress report covers the first 6 months of Year 2 of the subject 3-year grant, evaluating the relationship between fracture-related dolomite and dolomite constrained by primary rock fabric in the 3 most prolific reservoir intervals in the Michigan Basin (Ordovician Trenton-Black River Formations; Silurian Niagara Group; and the Devonian Dundee Formation).

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DOWNHOLE VIBRATION MONITORING & CONTROL SYSTEM PHASE II

The objective of this program is to develop a system to both monitor the vibration of a bottomhole assembly, and to adjust the properties of an active damper in response to these measured vibrations. Phase I of this program, which entailed modeling and design of the necessary subsystems and design, manufacture and test of a full laboratory prototype, was completed on May 31, 2004. The principal objectives of Phase II were: more extensive laboratory testing, including the evaluation of different feedback algorithms for r control of the damper; design and manufacture of a field prototype system; and, testing of the field prototype in drilling laboratories or test wells. The specific tasks were modified in November, 2005 and these tasks are used as the basis of organization for this report. The laboratory testing at TerraTek Laboratories was completed in January, 2006. These tests demonstrated that the DVMCS can maintain more consistent weight on- bit, decrease vibration and increase the rate of penetration. With the exception of Task 10 (Ordering all long lead items for field prototypes), all of the tasks outlined have been completed and form the basis for the field testing and commercialization in Phase III, which is scheduled to end in January, 2007.

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Multicomponent Seismic Analysis and Calibration to Improve Recovery From Algal Mounds: Application to the Roadrunner/Towaoc Area of the Paradox Basin, Ute Mountain Ute Reservation, Colorado

The project is designed to: -Promote development of both discovered and undiscovered oil reserves contained within algal mounds on the Ute Mountain Ute, Southern Ute, and Navaho native controlled lands. - Promote the use of advanced technology and expand the technical capability of the Native American oil exploration corporations by direct assistance in the current project and dissemination of technology to other tribes. - Develop the most cost-effective approach to using non-invasive seismic imaging to reduce the risk in exploration and development of algal mound reservoirs on surrounding Native American lands. - Characterize the internal structure and lithology of both the Towaoc and Roadrunner reservoirs to optimize future development in these reservoirs. - Quantify the potential benefit of acquiring three-component data in the exploration for algal mounds. - Quantify the potential benefit of applying advanced processing technologies to conventional 3-D seismic data. -Identify any undiscovered algal mounds (if they exist) within the area of seismic coverage.

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Improved Miscible Nitrogen Flood Performance Utilizing Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Horizontal Laterals in a Class I Reservoir ? East Binger (Marchand) Unit

The DOE-sponsored project at the East Binger Unit is an investigation into the benefits of reservoir characterization and horizontal wells in this particular setting of geologic and recovery method. The geologic setting is a tight (average porosity of 7% and average permeability of less than 1 millidarcy) Pennsylvanian-age sandstone at about 10,000 feet, and the recovery method is a miscible nitrogen flood.

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Feasibility Study of Expanded Coal Bed Natural Gas Produced Water Management Alternatives in the Wyoming Portion of the Powder River Basin Phase II

The purpose of this Feasibility Study Report is to identify water management alternatives with the best chances of managing the large volumes of water being produced from Big George and similar coal seams in the PRB. Produced water management has always been an important aspect of the CBNG industry in the PRB and it could become more important if proposed new water standards are adopted in the State of Montana. Watersheds such as the Powder River that extends north into Montana could be affected to the point that common forms of water management can no longer be used in Wyoming. This Feasibility Study was initiated with an eye on the proposed Montana standards. The study aims to highlight those water management options that are compatible with the new standards as well as existing Montana and Wyoming standards.

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TIME LAPSE MODELING AND INVERSION OF CO2 SATURATION FOR SEQUESTRATION AND ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

This project seeks to improve current methods of time-lapse seismic reflection modeling for carbon dioxide sequestration and miscible CO2 floods in oil and gas reservoirs and to develop new strategies to invert such data to estimate changes in pressure and CO2 saturation over time. The three major objectives of this DOE/NETL research project are to: ? Research and develop improved methods to quantitatively model the rock physics effects of CO2 injection in porous reservoir/aquifer rock systems. ? Develop a means to quantitatively model the seismic response to CO2 injection from well logs (1-D) and from digital earth model volumes (3-D and 4-D). ? Research and develop new technology to perform quantitative inversions of time-lapse 4-D seismic data to estimate injected CO2 distributions and pore pressure changes within subsurface reservoirs and aquifers.

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PLAINS CO2 REDUCTION (PCOR) PARTNERSHIP (PHASE I) FINAL REPORT

During the period of October 1, 2003, through September 30, 2005, the Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership, identified geologic and terrestrial candidates for near-term practical and environmentally sound carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration demonstrations in the heartland of North America. The PCOR Partnership region covered nine states and three Canadian provinces. The validation test candidates were further vetted to ensure that they represented projects with 1) commercial potential and 2) a mix that would support future projects both dependent and independent of CO2 monetization.

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Technical Review of Proposed Changes in Montana Water Quality Standards for Coal Bed Natural Gas Produced Water

In November 2005, the United States Department of Energy requested that Sandia National Laboratories provide a technical review and evaluation of proposed changes in the Montana Water Quality Standards related to Coal Bed Natural Gas produced water treatment and discharge. The goal of Sandia's technical evaluation was to assist the Department of Energy in understanding the technical feasibility and costs associated with meeting the proposed standards and the potential impact on coal bed natural gas production in the region and impacts on natural gas production and supplies nationally. This report summarizes the results of the Sandia review of the proposed standards, with a focus on the technical issues associated with coal bed natural gas produced water reinjection and treatment. Based on our review, there appear concerns with the proposed new standards. These concerns include inconsistencies in treated water constituent standards, identification of treatment standards for arsenic and other constituents that are not currently attainable, lack of the use of EPA recommended methods to assess innovative treatment technology cost and performance impacts, limitations on the use of commonly recognized alternative water management options, and identification of water treatment levels that will make the treated water highly reactive and negatively impact use for irrigation and wildlife. The results of the Sandia review and the technical evaluations of various parts of the proposed standards are summarized in this report.

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