AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF LOW NOX CELL BURNERS FOR RETROFIT APPLICATIONS

Continuing concern about NOx emissions from pre-NSPS coal-fired utility boilers led the Electric Power Research  Institute and Babcock and Wilcox to embark on a project to reduce NOx emissions from cell burner combustion equipment. Cell burners were applied extensively in large coal-fired boilers situated in the east-central United States. These boilers have generated NOx emissions at two to three times the limit allowed by present federal standards for new sources. The unique design of the cell burners was incompatible with existing low NOx burner designs. Thus, the main objective of this multiphase project was to develop directly retrofitable, low NOx combustion equipment for use in these units and to develop scaling techniques to reduce risks and predict performance at full scale.

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RECARBONIZATION OF RETORTED OIL SHALE:  THE INFLUENCE OF MINERALOGY AND LEACHATE CHEMISTRY

Paraho retorted oil shale and recarbonated retorted oil shale were subjected to a detailed mineralogical characterization through the application of direct and indirect methods of analysis. The direct method of analysis consisted of nondestructively preconcentrating mineral phases into distance physicochemical subtractions followed by x-ray diffraction analysis. Particle-size fractionations and coupled density and magnetic susceptibility fractionations were utilized. The fractionation scheme utilized in this study was successful in preconcentrating minor minerals to levels detectable by x-ray diffraction. The distribution of trace elements into the various fractions was used to indicate elemental associations in retorted oil shale solids. Recarbonation of retorted oil shale resulted in the precipitation of micro-crystalline calcite, which adhered to light density particles during density fractionations. Thus, poor physicochemical fractionation was observed for recarbonate retorted oil shale solids.

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IMPACTS OF PROPOSED RCRA REGULATIONS AND OTHER RELATED FEDERAL ENVIRONMENT REGULATIONS ON FOSSIL FUEL-FIRED FACILITIES VOLUME III

The U. S. Department of Energy retained Engineering-Science to provide services which include the estimation of the costs associated with implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act regulations for non-hazardous and hazardous material disposal in the utility industry. These costs are based on engineering studies at a number of coal-fired power plants in which the costs for hazardous and non-hazardous disposal are compared to the costs developed for the current practice design for each utility. The relationship of the three costs is displayed in Figure 1.1. The emphasis of the study is on the determination of incremental costs rather than the absolute costs for each case. For the purpose of this project, the hazardous design cost was determined for two situations:

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IMPACTS OF PROPOSED RCRA REGULATIONS AND OTHER RELATED FEDERAL ENVIRONMENT REGULATIONS ON FOSSIL FUEL-FIRED FACILITIES VOLUME II

The U. S. Department of Energy retained Engineering Science to provide services which include the estimation of the costs associated with implementation of the Resource Conservation ad Recovery Act regulations for non-hazardous and hazardous material disposal in the utility industry. These costs are based on engineering studies at a number of coal-fired power plants in which the costs for hazardous and on-hazardous disposal are compared to the costs developed for the current practice design for each utility. The relationship of the three costs is displayed in Figure 1.1. The emphasis of this study is on the determination of incremental costs rather than the absolute costs for each case. For the purpose of this project, the hazardous design cost was determined for two situations:

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IMPACTS OF PROPOSED RCRA REGULATIONS AND OTHER RELATED FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON FOSSIL FUEL-FIRED FACILITIES VOLUME 1

One f the principal responsibilities of the U. S. Department of Energy is the encouragement of the use of coal as a principal fuel by the utility and industrial sectors of the U. S. economy. Combustion residues form coal-fired facilities are currently exempted from the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, which requires to promulgate regulations for the disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. This exemption for combustion residues is pending subject to further study by EPA as to their hazard, and the costs ad benefits associated with their control.

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EXTRACTON OF INORGANIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM RETORTED OIL SHALE BY COMPLEXOMETRIC AGENTS

Synthetic leachate solutions containing complexometric agents were used to simulate the long-term release of trace metals, carbonates, and sulfates from indirectly retorted and directly retorted oil shale. This approach was also taken to accelerate the leaching process in a lab scale real time leach test which would approach the maximum potential release of chemical constituents. The complexometric agents examined were acetate, oxalate, and citrate ions, and EDTA and DTPA. Retorted oil shale's were also extracted with distilled deionizer water.

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ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS OF OIL SHALE PROCESS STREAMS:  OCCURRENCE, ORIGIN, AND FATE AND SOURCE-MONITORING RECOMMENDATIONS

This report is the first attempt at presenting an unified overview of the organic compounds produced by the retorting of raw oil shale. The emphasis is on the secondary, minor, and trace organic constituents of the process streams rater than on the major components of the crude shale oil. All of the well-characterized organic constituents of oil-shale process streams are discussed with respect to their occurrence and abundance. The origin and fate of each chemical class during retorting is also discussed; much of this discussion includes conjectures based on known chemical reactions. Brief discussion includes conjectures based on known chemical reactions. Brief discussions are also included with environmental health effects may be important. Conjectures are made with respect to compounds that may be present in process streams but have yet to be identified because of limitations in methods of chemical analysis. The major objective of this unified approach was to suggest a way in which predications could be made regarding the composition of oil shale process streams, but have yet to be identified because of limitations in methods of chemical analysis. The major objective of this unified approach was to suggest a way in which predictions could be made regarding the composition of oil shale process streams, which to date remain largely uncharacterized. An approach is suggested with which this information could be used in developing environmental monitoring plans for commercial scale oil shale facilities. A major conclusion of this report is that most organic compounds produced during oil-shale retorting have multiple origins; many originate from either direct liquid extraction of mild pyrolysis of the kerogen as well as from complex intermolecular chemical reactions of simple precursors. Almost all of the compounds produced are not only products f other synfuel and petroleum refining, but they also occur ubiquitously in the environment.

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ORGANIC-NITROGEN DETERMINATION IN OIL SHALE RETORT WATERS

Two new approaches were used to separate ammonia from various fractions of organ nitrogen compounds in oil shale wastewaters, thereby permitting the application of a rapid, but unselective, method for total-N determination to the direct estimation of organic N. In contrast to the Kjeldahl digestion method, neither separation method uses intense heat. The first method uses reverse phase chromatography to separate polar from no polar nitrogenous compounds; no polar solutes are retained by a C18 bonded silica cartridge and eluted with methanol and tetrahydofuran. The second uses monosmotic dissolved gas dialysis to separate volatile from nonvolatile nitrogenous solutes; nonvolatile compounds are retained in a tubular, micro porous polytetrafluorethene membrane after dialysis against an acid solution. These two methods were applied to 12 oil shale retort waters, and the resulting measures of organic N were correlated against organic Kjeldahl nitrogen values. Correlation coefficients for the nonpolar and nonvolatile nitrogen values were 0.996, respectively. Relative standard deviations averaged 3.9%.

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LOGAN WASH FIELD TREATABILITY STUDIES OF WASTEWATERS FROM OIL SHALE RETORTING PROCESSES

Treatability studies were conducted on retort water and gas condensate wastewater from modified in-situ oil shale retorts to evaluate the effectiveness of selected treatment technologies for removing organic and inorganic contaminants. At retorts operated by Occidental Oil Shale, Inc., at Logan Wash, Colorado, treatability studies were conducted on retort water suing filter coalescing, steam stripping, activated sludge treatment, sand filtration, and granular activated carbon adsorption. Retort water had high concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, alkalinity, dissolved organics, phenols, sulfide, total dissolved solids, boron, potassium and sodium. Steam stripping removed ammonia nitrogen, alkalinity, and sulfide from retort water and organics removal was low. Gas condensate wastewater had high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, dissolved  organics, alkalinity, phenols, sulfide, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, and phenols.

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WATER USE AND REUSE OPPORTUNITIES AND COSTS AT OIL SHALE PLANTS

Converting oil shale into fuels marketable through existing channels requires large-scale mining and processing. The mining and processing operations will consume large amounts of water and will vary from plant to plant. Variations in types of resources and the products produced will lead to a variety of mining and processing schemes each with their own water use patterns. This report describes several of these schemes, as well as their water use and waste water production patterns, water treatment plant designs and costs, and opportunities for internal water reuse and recycling.

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INTEGRAL MONITORED RETRIEVABLE STORAGE FACILITY, CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT, VOLUME 8 - GEOTECHNICAL DESCRIPTION CLINCH RIVER SITE, BASIS FOR DESIGN

The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 directed the Department of Energy to complete a study of the need for an feasibility of, and to submit to Congress a proposal for, the construction of one or more monitored retrievable storage facilities for high-level radioactive waste and sent nuclear fuel. The act further directed that the proposal include at least three alternative sites and a designation of the site and storage technology concept deemed preferable by DOE. In 1985, DOE selected the Clinch River site as its preferred site for the new MRS Facility. This report, prepared in support of the MRS conceptual design effort, presents a geotechnical description of the Clinch River Site, a based upon existing data.

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INTEGRATED DATA BASE FOR 1986: SPENT FUEL AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE INVENTORIES, PROJECTIONS, AND CHARACTERISTICS

The Integrated Data Base Program maintains referenced data on all spent fuel and radioactive waste in the United States. Working with and through U. S. Department of Energy lead sites and major programs. It receives and processes data and provides output in various formats. As the official DOE data base, the IDB is readily available for the Department programs and contractors

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DOE CONTRACT NUMBER DE-AC02-83CH10139. BATTLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE. STATEMENT OF WORK: RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FOR CRYSTALLINE ROCK PROJECT.

This contract provides for continuation by Battelle Memorial Institute, acting through its Project Management Division, of the research, development and program management activities for the Department of Energy's Crystalline Rock Project, as described herein, which is part of DOE's National Waste Terminal Storage Program. These activities were previously performed by the Contractor pursuant to Contract DE-AC02-83CH10140. The parties hereto agree with respect to the work contained herein, that this contract, after the effective date hereof, supersedes all other agreements, as well as the provisions of Contract DE-AC02-83CH10140 with respect to the Contractor's activities.

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DOE CONTRACT NUMBER DE-AC01-83NE44301 ROY F. WESTON, INC. STATEENT OF WORK: PROGRAM ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING ECONOMICS, REGULATORY INTERACTIONS, REPOSITORY DEVELOPMENT, INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES.

This subcontracting Plan will be used by Roy F. Weston, Inc. in implementing the requirements for a Small Business and Small Disadvantaged Business Subcontracting Plan as it applies to small business and small disadvantaged businesses owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals.

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DOE CONTRACT NUMBER DE-AC01-87RW00072 SRA TECHNOLOGIES, IN. STATEMENT OF WORK: SUPPORT SERVICES TO ASSIST IN THE PLANING FOR THE FIRST GEOLOGIC RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPOSITORY

That in the event SBA does not award a subcontract for all or a part of the work hereunder, this contract may be terminated either in hole or in part without cost to either party.

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DOE CONTRACT NUMBER DE-AC01-87RW00131. KOH SYSTEMS, INC. STATEMENT OF WORK: OCRWM REORDS MANAGEMET REQUIREMENTS

To furnish the supplies or services set forth in this contract according to the specifications and the terms and conditions hereof by subcontracting with an eligible concern pursuant to the provisions of section 8(a) of the Small Business Act, as amended.

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NEVADA NUCLEAR WASTE STORAGE INVESTIGATION PROJECT PLAN

The Nevada Nuclear Waste  Storage Investigations Project is one of three projects that are evaluating nine potential sites for the nation's first geologic repository. The program to find the repository sites, to develop the technology, and to engineer the facilities is managed by the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. The need to identify suitable sites and construct repositories for high-level radioactive waste and spent fuel from commercial power reactors has been recognized for many years. The responsibility for the management and disposal of these wastes has been assigned to the U.S. Department of Energy. This assignment was stated by the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 and reiterated in the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982.

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QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS FOR NUCLEAR FACILITIES

The ASME Nuclear Quality Assurance Committee meets regularly to consider written requests for interpretations and revisions to NQA-1 and NQA-2 and to develop new requirements as dictated by technological development. The Committee's activities in this regard are limited strictly to interpretations of the requirements, or to the consideration of revisions to the present requirements on the basis of new data or technology. As a matter of published policy, ASME does not approve, certify, rate, or endorse any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity and, accordingly, inquires requiring such consideration will be returned. Moreover, ASME does not act as a consultant on specific engineering problems or on the general application or understanding of the Standard requirements. If, based on the inquiry information submitted, it is the opinion of the Committee that the inquirer should seek assistance, the inquiry will be returned with the recommendation that such assistance be obtained.

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SOLICITATION DE-RP02-86CH10290, FOR INTEGRATION SUPPORT SERVICES FOR THE SALT REPOSITORY PROJECT OFFICE, ALSO - AMENDMENTS S001, S002

This summary of the salient elements of the acquisition, but it is not an integral part of the attached request for proposal in the event of any conflict between this Executive Summary Letter and the RFP, the data and information in the RFP shall prevail.

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SOLICITATION DE-RP02-86CH10290, FOR INTEGRATION SUPPORT SERVICES FOR THE SALT REPOSITORY PROJECT OFFICE, ALSO - AMENDMENTS

Performs professional work in research, design development, testing, analysis, production, construction, maintenance, operation, planning, survey, estimating, application or standardization of engineering facilities, system, structures, processes, equipment, devices, or materials, requiring knowledge of the science and art by which materials, natural resources and power are made useful.

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SOLICITATION DE-RP02-86CH10290, FOR INTEGRATION SUPPORT SERVICES FOR THE SALT REPOSITORY PROJECT OFFICE

This amendment revises in their entirety various pages of Solicitaton No. RP02-86CH10290. This attached revised pagesare substitured for those in the original solicitation. These revisions are identified by a vertical line in the right margin. In addition, 2 pages in provided to separate the colored section dividers from the text.

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AGREEMENT BETWEEN DOE OFFICE OF GEOLOGIC REPOSITORIES PROJECTS AND THE NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSIONS DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT DURING THE SITE INVESTIGATION AND CHARACTERIZATION PROGRAMS AND PRIOR TO THE SUBMITTAL OF AN APPLICATION FOR AUTHORIZATION TO CONSTRUCT A REPOSITORY

At such time as the NRC Ors are stationed at each site activities. Where such office space can be provided in DOE facilitates, ODE is to provide such space. Otherwise, the DOE is to provide space in its facilities near the Project Offices and site activities and the NRC is to  provide space that can be visited by the public.

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EFFECTS OF COMPLEXOMETRIC COMPOUNDS FOUND IN LIQUID AND SOLID OIL SHALE WASTE PRODUCTS ON RELEASE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS FROM RETORTED SHALE

Complex metric compounds found in oil shale wastes may have the ability to increase the release of trace elements from retorted oil shale when the solid and liquid wastes are co disposed. A laboratory investigation was conducted on the effects of various completing agents found in liquid and solid oil shale wastes on the leach ability of retorted shales. In batch experiments retorted shale samples were contacted with deionizer distilled water and 10 different aqueous solutions of completing agents. These agents included sodium-oxalate, ammonium carbonate, sodium thiosulfate, 2-pyridone, 2-hydorxy-6-methylpyridine, potassium thiocynate, acetonitrile, sodium acetate, acetamide, and nicotinic acid. DDW leachate results were used as a baseline to compare with the results for aqueous complexometric leachates.

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OVERVIEW - NUCLEAR WASTE POLICY ACT

Passage of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 was a major milestone in the nation's management of nuclear waste. Signed into law by the President on January 7, 1983, this Act established a national policy for safely storing, transporting, and disposing of spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste. Under the Act, the U. S. Department of Energy has two major responsibilities.

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YEARLY ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS OF THE JANUARY 1986 TOTAL SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS

This report presents the detailed results and assumptions for the January 1986 Total System Life Cycle Cost analysis. As such, it is a companion document to the report, Analysis of the Total System Life Cycle Cost for the Civilian Radioactive Waste management Program, October 1985. The report is composed of three sections: Section A lists the costing assumptions which have been made about the principal waste management system parameters; Section B presents the yearly flows of waste material between system facilities for the 12 logistics cases which were studied; and Section C presents the annual total system costs for each of the 40 TSLCC cases by major cost category.

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10 CFR PART 960 GUIDELINES FOR RECOMMENDATION OF SITES FOR NUCLEAR WASTE REPOSITORIES

These guidelines were developed in accordance with the requirements of Section of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 for use by the Secretary of Energy in evaluating the suitability of sites for the development of repositories. The guidelines will be used for suitability evaluations and determinations made pursuant to Section 114. The guidelines set forth in this Part are intended to complement the requirements set forth in the Act. 10 CFR Part 60, and 40 CFR Part 191. The DOE recognizes NRC jurisdiction for the resolution of difference between the guidelines and 10 CFR Part 60. The guidelines have received the concurrence of the NRC the DOE contemplates revising the guidelines for time to time, as permitted by the Act, to take into account revisions made to the above regulations and to otherwise update the guidelines as necessary. The DOE will submit the revisions to the NRC and obtain its concurrence before issuance.

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ANALYSIS OF TOTAL SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE COST FOR THE CIVILIAN RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, VOLUME I: THE ANALYSIS AND ITS RESULTS

The total-system life-cycle cost analysis for the Department of Energy's Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Program is an ongoing activity that helps determine whether the revenue producing mechanism established by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 a fee levied on the procedures of nuclear power is sufficient to cover the cost of the program. This report provided cost estimates for the fourth evaluation of the adequacy of the fee. The total-system cost for the reference authorized system program is estimated to be 24 to 32 billion dollars. The total-system cost for the reference improved performance system is estimated to be 26 to 34 billion dollars, or about 2 billion dollars more than that of the authorized system.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE WASTE ACCEPTANCE PROCESS

Geologic repositories for disposal of high level nuclear wastes are required to be licensed by the NRC. Requirements for licensing are contained in 10CFR60 which sets specific performance requirements on the waste package and on the engineered barrier system. EPA regulation 40CFR191 sets requirements on the cumulative release of radionuclide's to the accessible environment from the repository system. As a subelement of the waste package, the engineered barrier system, and the overall repository system, the waste form plays a role in satisfying these regulatory requirements, and consequently, the regulatory requirements result in derivative requirements on the waste forms and indicate the need for waste form specifications and tests to demonstrate compliance. A waste form which cannot be shown to be in compliance with regulatory requirements with reasonable assurance will not be acceptable for disposal in a geologic repository. Thus, waste acceptance is intimately and inseparably related to repository licensing.

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REGULATORY GUIDE 4.17 STANDARD FORMAT AND CONTENT OF SITE CHARACTERIZATION PLANS FOR HIGH-LEVEL WASTE GEOLOGIC REPOSITORES

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensing procedures for the disposal of high-level waste are contained in 10 CFR Part 60, "Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Wastes in Geologic Repositories." As part of the relicensing procedures the Department of Energy is required to submit a site characterization plan to the NRC for a particular geologic repository operations area and prior to sinking shafts. The basic purpose of the SCP is simple: to provide a mechanism for identifying and delimiting the specific issues at a proposed repository site and to identify the plans for resolving those issues at an early time in order to avoid delays in the process. The SCP as reflected in the logic sequence and organization of this Standard Format and Content of Site Characterization Plan for High-Level-Waste Geologic Repositories should accomplish the following:

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, DEAF SMITH COUNTY SITE, TEXAS, VOLUME III

This appendix responds to the issues raised by Federal, State, and local governments, affected Indian Tribes, private citizens, and other organizations on the draft environmental assessment that the prepared pursuant to Section 112 of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982. In addition to presenting the issues raised in the comments and the responses, it describes were changes were made in the final EA.

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