AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Establish and Operate a Geologic Core and Sample Repository in Midland, Texas

Shell Oil Company donated its proprietary core and sample repository to the Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, in 1994. This collection of geologic materials is composed of 325,000 boxes of rocks and samples housed in a 32,700-ft{sup 2} warehouse in Midland, Texas. The material includes cores from more than 3,000 wells (75,000 boxes) and cuttings from more than 90,000 wells (260,000 boxes). In addition to the warehouse space, the repository consists of layout rooms, a processing room, and office space. The U.S. Department of Energy provided $375,000 under Grant Number DE-FG22-94BC14854 for organizing the collection, staffing the facility, and making the material available to the public for the first 5 years of operation. Shell Oil Company provided an endowment of $1.3 million to cover the cost of operating the facility after the fifth year of operation.

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Task 4.7 -- Diesel fuel desulfurization. Semi-annual report, January 1--June 30, 1995

Reductions in the maximum permissible sulfur content of diesel fuel to less than 0.05 wt% will require deep desulfurization technologies to meet these standards. In some refineries, a new hydrogenation catalyst may be required for diesel fuel production. Some of the major components of diesel fuel are dibenzothiophenes and its alkyl derivatives. These components are desulfurized by the Rhodococcus rhodocrous IGTS8 enzymes. But when they are highly diluted with other hydrocarbons in the diesel fuel, will there be enough specificity for their absorption and degradation by the enzyme systems? The extent to which a diesel fuel or middle distillate feed can be desulfurized by desulfurization enzymes will be determined. In addition, the effectiveness of molybdenum sulfide catalysts in removing sulfur from the middle distillate cut will be determined. The catalyst preparation involves creation of the molybdenum sulfide in a highly dispersed form essentially between the layers of a hydrotalcite material, which is then dissolved away to expose the active sites.

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A geological and geophysical assessment of the Royal Center Gas Storage Field in north-central Indiana, a joint NIPSCO, DOE and GRI case study

An effort to evaluate the Royal Center Storage Field was initiated to determine the feasibility of using horizontal well technology to improve the ratio of working gas to base gas and improve deliverability. The geophysical survey and interpretation was initiated by GRI and the geological modeling and reservoir analysis is being accomplished through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between Northern Indiana Power Supply Company and US DOE Federal Energy Technology Center. An integrated analysis of well logs, core data, and seismic survey data was applied to the Royal Center Storage Field in the Trenton Limestone aquifer. Core permeability data was compared to Epilog calculated porosity and gas saturations. The data show very complex relationships exist when compared in three dimensions. A correlation of seismic amplitude anomalies with the porosity and gas saturation on cross section was also used to evaluate potential well sites. A downhole seismic survey was then run to determine if the amplitude anomalies from the surface seismic survey could be detected and their orientations calculated to assist in designing the horizontal well. The integrated results from all of the studies were used to site a horizontal well in the northern portion of the field.

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Improved storage efficiency through geologic modeling and reservoir simulation

The US Department of Energy (DOE), through partnerships with industry, is demonstrating the importance of geologic modeling and reservoir simulation for optimizing the development and operation of gas storage fields. The geologic modeling and reservoir simulation study for the Natural Fuel Gas Supply Corporation CRADA was completed in September 1995. The results of this study were presented at the 1995 Society of Petroleum Engineers` (SPE) Eastern Regional Meeting. Although there has been no field verification of the modeling results, the study has shown the potential advantages and cost savings opportunities of using horizontal wells for storage enhancement. The geologic modeling for the Equitrans` CRADA was completed in September 1995 and was also presented at the 1995 SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. The reservoir modeling of past field performance was completed in November 1996 and prediction runs are currently being made to investigate the potential of offering either a 10 day or 30 day peaking service in addition to the existing 110 day base load service. Initial results have shown that peaking services can be provided through remediation of well damage and by drilling either several new vertical wells or one new horizontal well. The geologic modeling for the Northern Indiana Public Service Company CRADA was completed in November 1996 with a horizontal well being completed in January 1997. Based on well test results, the well will significantly enhance gas deliverability from the field and will allow the utilization of gas from an area of the storage field that was not accessible from their existing vertical wells. Results are presented from these three case studies.

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Task 3 -- Bench-scale char upgrading and utilization study

This report describes the results of the bench-scale char upgrading study conducted as Task 3 of Development of an Advanced, Continuous Mild Gasification Process for the Production of Coproducts. A process where the char is gasified to produce methane in a first stage reactor was investigated. This methane is then decomposed to produce carbon and hydrogen for recycle in a second stage. The results indicate that both reaction steps are feasible using mild gasification char as the starting feedstock. Conditions for methanation are 700 to 800 C and 200 to 400 psig. Carbon formation conditions are 1,200 to 1,400 C at atmospheric pressure. The carbon produced has properties similar to those of carbons which are commercially marketed as carbon black.

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Surface altered zeolites as permeable barriers for in situ treatment of contaminated groundwater

The authors characterized surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) for its ability to sorb organic and inorganic contaminants from water. The ultimate objective is to use SMZ as a permeable barrier to prevent migration of contaminants in groundwater. This report summarizes results under Phase 1 of a three-phase project leading to a full-scale field demonstration of SMZ permeable- barrier technology.

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Haz-Flote{trademark}: Ex-situ decontamination of materials

Western Research Institute (WRI), in conjunction with the US Department of Energy (DOE), Morgantown Energy Technology Center, is developing a soil remediation technique called Haz-Flote{trademark}. Initial tests were conducted for petroleum-contaminated materials employing a number of chemical combinations. The most promising chemicals used in this study showed about a 75% reduction in organic carbon content in the coarse fraction. This reduction demonstrates that the treatment can remove some petroleum contaminants from the coarse fraction. Tests were conducted using the fine fraction of the petroleum-contaminated soil. The preliminary results show that the process separates a portion of the hydrocarbons from the very fine soil fraction under less than optimum conditions. After separation, the organic carbon content of the fine size fraction was about 26% lower than that of the feed material. The material collected had a 54% increase in organic carbon content compared to that collected from the feed. Optimization of the equipment and the chemistry of the system should enhance these results significantly. The bulk of the work on the Haz-Flote process has been focused on removing mercury from contaminated soil fines. A sample of mercury-contaminated soil was obtained, and the distribution of mercury within the various size fractions was determined. The {minus}200 mesh (< 75 {micro}m) material contains the majority of the mercury contaminant. For convenience, the sample was sieved through a 70 mesh screen. All of the testing was conducted on the {minus}70 mesh (< 212 {micro}m) fraction. This fraction contained on average 122 mg Hg/kg of dry soil before processing. Mercury concentrations after processing were reduced to as low as 0.95 mg Hg/kg of dry soil. This represents > 99% mercury radiation for the fine fraction. Tests have removed > 99.5% of the mercury from the system.

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Task 1.8 -- Wet air oxidation. Semi-annual report, January 1--June 30, 1995

A novel aqueous-phase thermal (APT) oxidation apparatus has been designed for the cost-effective treatment of organically contaminated aqueous streams. During the operational period of this task, the specific components will be integrated and tested to evaluate their operability. A determination will also be made as to the ability of the integrated system to adequately remediate an organically contaminated aqueous stream. The overall objective of this task is to perform a sequentially integrated test of the critical components of the novel APT oxidation apparatus to evaluate the ability of this system to remediate an organically contaminated aqueous stream.

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BMC{trademark}: Baseline report

Barrier Membrane Containment (BMC){trademark} is a high-density polyethylene membrane (HOPE) groundwater barrier and pass-through system, with applications ranging from plume control and containment to groundwater manipulation coupled with in-site treatment. BMC{trademark} system can function as a permeable or impermeable reaction wall, a cut-off wall, interceptor trenches, a barrier with collection and/or monitoring system and a pass-through in a funnel and gate configuration. BMC{trademark} can be inspected with a down-hole video camera, producing a permanent VHS format tape, insuring the integrity of the wall and the interlocking joints. The joints are sealed with a ``U``-packing elastomeric gasket to prevent the flow of fluids or gases.

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BMC{trademark}: Baseline report; Greenbook (chapter)

Barrier Membrane Containment (BMC){trademark} is a high-density polyethylene membrane (HDPE) groundwater barrier and pass-through system, with applications ranging from plume control and containment to groundwater manipulation coupled with in-site treatment. BMC{trademark} system can function as a permeable or impermeable reaction wall, a cut-off wall, interceptor trenches, a barrier with collection and/or monitoring system, and a pass-through in a funnel and gate configuration. BMC{trademark} can be inspected with a down-hole video camera, producing a permanent VHS format tape, insuring the integrity of the wall and the interlocking joints.

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BMC{trademark}: Baseline report; Summary

Barrier Membrane Containment (BMC{trademark}) is a high-density polyethylene membrane (HDPE) groundwater barrier and pass-through system, with applications ranging from plume control and containment, to groundwater manipulation, coupled with in-site treatment. BMC{trademark} system can function as a permeable or impermeable reaction wall, a cut-off wall, interceptor trenches, a barrier with collection and/or monitoring system, and a pass-through in a funnel and gate configuration. BMC{trademark} can be inspected with a down-hole video camera, producing a permanent VHS format tape, insuring the integrity of the wall and the interlocking joints. The joints are sealed with a ``U``-packing elastomeric gasket to prevent the flow of fluids or gases.

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Task 3.14 -- Demonstration of technologies for remote power generation in Alaska. Semi-annual report, July 1--December 31, 1995

The overall goal of this project is a site specific demonstration of a small, environmentally acceptable electric generating system fueled on indigenous fuels and waste materials to serve the microgrid or stand alone power distribution systems typical of remote, isolated Alaska Native communities. The objective of the project is to develop a commercialization plan that includes an analysis of the quantity, quality, and cost of the available fuels; a mapping of the electricity and district heating needs of a selected community, including electrical distribution layout and interconnecting steam piping; a step by step review of the environmental regulations and permit applications that need to be met; and a preliminary design and budget for the demonstration of a 0.5 to 6 MWe power system to be completed by the Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) in a manner that provides technical and regulatory readiness to proceed with implementation of the demonstration.

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Task 2.3 -- Review and assessment of results from the comprehensive characterization of toxic emissions from coal-fired power plants. Semi-annual report, January 1--June 30, 1995

To help meet the requirements of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, the US Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored a project entitled ``Comprehensive Characterization of Toxic Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants.`` The Energy and Environmental Research Center was contracted to review reports discussing air toxic emissions from eight power plants as Phase 1 of the project. Additional field tests were planned as Phase 2 and are under way. The objective of the project is to provide an independent review of reports produced from the air toxic emissions study, evaluate the scientific validity of the conclusions, identify significant correlations between emissions and fuel or process parameters, compare the data with available results from Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) studies, make recommendations for future studies, and complete a combined report that summarizes Phase 1, Phase 2, and EPRI findings.

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High pressure coal-fired ceramic air heater for gas turbine applications. Quarterly report, February 1--April 30, 1994

This is a quarterly report on High Pressure Coal-Fired Ceramic Air Heater for Gas Turbine Applications. The tasks covered in this report are Program Management; Component Development -- including erosion/corrosion problems, coal handling system, natural gas fuel system and tube-string development; Component System Integration and Testing; and Testing and Analysis.

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Task 2.3 - Review and assessment of results from the comprehensive characterization of toxic emissions from coal-fired power plants: Semiannual report, January 1-June 30, 1996

The objective of the project is to provide an independent review of the Phase I data, evaluate the scientific validity of the conclusions, identify significant correlations between emissions and fuel or process parameters, compare the data with available data from EPRI studies, make recommendations for future studies, and complete a combined report that summarizes Phase I, Phase II, and EPRI findings.

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Task 3.11 - Fuel Quality Advisor: Semiannual report, January 1-June 30, 1996

The objective of the Fuel Quality Advisor (FQA) project is to create a generalized software package capable of advising operations, purchasing, environmental, and maintenance personnel in making decisions related to the use of coal in electricity generation facilities. The specific goals for this project work include the following: (1) develop a standardized computer shell to integrate existing and future algorithms; (2) develop a strategy for integrating the shell with future databases and boiler models; (3) integrate the current ash transformation and deposition algorithms into the shell; (4) generate algorithms for coal handleability through experimentation and integrate them into the code; (5) enhance the current ash transformation algorithms for low-NO{sub x} and entrained gasification through laboratory experimentation and integrate available full-scale results into the code.

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In situ groundwater MOP-UP. Topical report, April 12, 1996--May 11, 1998

Under this FETC-funded program, Biopraxis proposed to demonstrate the feasibility of using its new MOP-UP technology for in situ treatment of metal-contaminated groundwater. Instead of optimizing the technology to demonstrate the feasibility of its use at a single site, the final series of tests were designed to showcase the breadth and flexibility of the MOP-UP technology by demonstrating its capabilities in as many different groundwater environments as possible. Sites that were contaminated with metal pollutants of wide-spread concern to DOE were located; and MOP-UP reagents were screened for their ability to treat any or all of these metals--without any attempt to optimize the technology for use with the new target metals and/or for treating these metals under the diverse conditions found at the sites. Groundwater samples exhibiting a wide range of environments were generously provided by DoD, EPA, and private industry as well as DOE for use in these treatability tests. The tests showed that MOP-UP can readily remove all detectable traces of a wide variety of metals, such as Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr(VI), As, Ba, Zn, and Al, and take U into the low parts per trillions, in heavily polluted groundwater, with little or no effort needed to optimize the reagent formulation. The second goal of the program was to show that the in situ groundwater MOP-UP technology will either be more cost effective than conventional technologies while achieving the same degree of groundwater purification, or be at least as cost effective as conventional technologies while offering superior performance. MOP-UP far surpassed the goals established for this initial feasibility demonstration. This new technology promises to be extremely effective and very economical whether used in a permeable barrier for treating shallow plumes, or a direct injection or pump-and-treat configuration for treating deep-subsurface plumes of heavy metal, radionuclide, or mixed contamination.

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Task 2.8 - Mercury speciation and capture in scrubber solutions: Semiannual report, January 1-June 30, 1996

Investigations into mercury control across conventional scrubber systems have precipitated questions concerning (1) the initial speciation between oxidized and elemental forms of mercury in flue gas from coal-fired boilers and subsequently, (2) the effects of scrubber slurry composition and pH on the mercury forms. Mercury capture in scrubber slurry is highly dependent on its own form. Oxidized mercury is highly water-soluble and can be removed by scrubber slurry, whereas elemental mercury is not and passes through the scrubber to the stack. The objectives of this project are to determine whether scrubber solutions convert either form of mercury to another and whether mercury capture is affected by pH.

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Greater Green River Basin Production Improvement Project

The Greater Green River Basin (GGRB) of Wyoming has produced abundant oil and gas out of multiple reservoirs for over 60 years, and large quantities of gas remain untapped in tight gas sandstone reservoirs. Even though GGRB production has been established in formations from the Paleozoic to the Tertiary, recent activity has focused on several Cretaceous reservoirs. Two of these formations, the Ahnond and the Frontier Formations, have been classified as tight sands and are prolific producers in the GGRB. The formations typically naturally fractured and have been exploited using conventional well technology. In most cases, hydraulic fracture treatments must be performed when completing these wells to to increase gas production rates to economic levels. The objectives of the GGRB production improvement project were to apply the concept of horizontal and directional drilling to the Second Frontier Formation on the western flank of the Rock Springs Uplift and to compare production improvements by drilling, completing, and testing vertical, horizontal and directionally-drilled wellbores at a common site.

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Development of an integrated, in-situ remediation technology: Task 1 -- Evaluation of treatment zone formation options. Topical report, September 26, 1994--May 25, 1996

Contamination in low permeability soils poses a significant technical challenge to in-situ remediation efforts. Poor accessibility to the contaminants and difficulty in delivery of treatment reagents have rendered existing in-situ treatments such as bioremediation, vapor extraction, pump and treat rather ineffective when applied to low permeability soils present at many contaminated sites. The technology is an integrated in-situ treatment in which established geotechnical methods are used to install degradation zones directly in the contaminated soil and electro-osmosis is utilized to move the contaminants back and forth through those zones until the treatment is completed. This topical report presents the results of evaluations by E.I. duPont de Nemours and Co., Inc. of treatment zone and electrode emplacement alternatives for use in the integrated treatment process. Specifically, the scope of this study was limited to vertical configuration emplacements. Several promising alternatives were identified ranging from approaches involving standard excavation techniques to relatively specialized geotechnical construction methods which could be modified for the treatment zone emplacement purpose. Information developed in this report is designed to help the user select the most promising emplacement method(s) for a given site on the basis of (1) depth of emplacement, and (2) restrictions on handling excavated soils. Advantages, disadvantages, and estimated costs are identified for each alternative, and possible bases for improvement and cost reduction through further development are described.

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PEAC{trademark} value-added project. Final report

Chemical spill emergencies are exacerbated by a lack of information at the scene with which to quickly assess the situation and determine the appropriate protective action. WRI has concluded that the most successful emergency tools (models) for predicting toxic cloud behavior are those that use field test data as part of their development. After analyzing more than 100 real-world chemical spill accidents and field test releases, WRI has also concluded that information from dense gas/toxic models must be communicated in a fast, simple way to emergency responders or it will not be used. In an effort to address this technology gap, WRI has developed PEAC{trademark} (Palmtop Emergency Action for Chemicals). PEAC is an innovative tool that combines hardware, software, data bases developed by WRI and other organizations, and a unique approach to modeling protective action distances tested with actual field data. PEAC brings modeling data and other reference sources together in a single piece of portable equipment to help emergency responders evaluate a chemical spill incident and quickly determine protective action distances.

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Cleanup of the Western Research Institute North Site. Final report

The objective of this project is to clean up the Western Research Institute`s North Site in an environmentally sound and cost-effective manner. Work is broken down into the following phases: Phase 1, definition of waste streams; Phase 2, disposal of hazardous wastes; Phase 3, disposal of nonhazardous materials; Phase 4, soil sampling and disposal of buried wastes; Phase 5, decontamination and disposal of equipment; Phase 5a, groundwater monitoring; and Phase 6, preparation of material inventory database.

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