AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Pacific Project, Garfield County, Colorado, Phase I. Project data book, environmental and permitting. Volume I. Environmental baseline

In June 1980, Superior Oil Company entered into a cooperative agreement with the US Department of Energy to conduct preliminary research and engineering for oil shale development on a property located in western Colorado. the Pacific property, which is 13 miles north of the town of DeBeque, Colorado, is situated in the Piceance Basin, an area that has been the subject of considerable oil shale activity. As part of the cooperative agreement, Superior performed Phase I environmental baseline studies for the region and the project area. The studies included data gathering and assessments of the potential impacts resulting from the proposed development at the Pacific Property. In addition, preliminary permitting packages were assembled. The Environmental Report contains the Draft Description of the Proposed Action and the Affected Environment - the environmental baseline data base. the Description of the Proposed Action summarizes the engineering development plans. The Affected Environment section contains detailed literature reviews on comprehensive regional and site-specific environmental topics. Furthermore, data on surface water, vegetation, soils, and wildlife were gathered; air quality modeling studies were performed. the results of these studies are also presented in this report. 56 figs., 66 tabs.

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Beneficiation-hydroretort processing of US oil shales, Volume 1

This report has been divided into three volumes. Volume I describes the MRI beneficiation work. In addition, Volume I presents the results of joint beneficiation-hydroretorting studies and provides an economic analysis of the combined beneficiation-hydroretorting approach for processing Eastern oil shales. Volume II presents detailed results of hydroretorting tests made by MYCRUDE/IGT on raw and beneficiated oil shales prepared by MRI. Volume III comprises detailed engineered design drawings and supporting data developed by the Roberts and Schafer Company, Engineers and Contractors, Salt Lake City, Utah, in support of the capital and operating costs for a conceptual beneficiation plant processing in Alabama oil shale. 26 refs., 10 figs., 23 tabs.

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Coal processing for fuel cell utilization. Task XI. Fluidized bed coal gasification model; data analysis and predictions

This report describes development and application of a computational model for fluidized bed gasification of coal. A two phase bubbling bed reactor model accounts for the development of bubbles, clouds, and emulsion, with a new statistical treatment to predict bubble size. Coal char reactivity is described in detail, using models for carbon heterogeneous chemistry, pore structure, and mass transport previously developed at PSI. Volatile release is handled in a semi-empirical manner, and potential gas phase reactions between fuel and oxygen in the bubbles are allowed. The theory yields qualitatively correct trends in comparison to results from the U-GAS pilot plant. However, the data imply larger gas by-passing and particle carry-over than predicted, and the computed performance exceeds that observed. The computer program has been exercised to map out gasifier performance over a range of conditions. It is shown that proper fluidization often requires more gas flow than can be accommodated chemically, due to limited kinetics and mass transport. Increasing the bed temperature is beneficial, if not ruled out by coal caking and agglomeration tendencies. Increasing the pressure is not particularly advantageous, but major benefits in terms of off-gas heating value and gasifier efficiency can be obtained by reducing the coal feed size. Potential improvements to the theory are discussed.

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Measurement and modeling of advanced coal conversion processes

The objectives of this study are to establish the mechanisms and rates of basic steps in coal conversion processes, to integrate and incorporate this information into comprehensive computer models for coal conversion processes, to evaluate these models and to apply them to gasification, mild gasification and combustion in heat engines. The program will streamline submodels existing or under development for coal pyrolysis chemistry, volatile secondary reactions, tar formation, soot formation, char reactivity, and SO{sub x}-NO{sub x} pollutant formation. Submodels for coal viscosity, agglomeration, tar/char secondary reactions, sulfur capture, and ash physics and chemistry will be developed or adapted. The submodels will first be incorporated into the BYU entrained-bed gasification code and subsequently, into a fixed-bed gasification code (to be selected and adapted). These codes will be validated by comparison will small scale laboratory and PDU-scale experiments. The validated code could then be employed to simulate and to develop advanced coal conversion reactors of interest to METC. 23 refs., 26 figs., 5 tabs.

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Fifth international ash utilization symposium

The Fifth International Ash Utilization Symposium was sponsored by the National Coal Association, American Public Power Association, US Department of Energy, National Ash Association, US Environmental Protection Agency, and the Edison Electric Institute. It was held at Atlanta, Georgia, February 25-27, 1979. Twenty-seven papers from the proceedings have been entered individually into EDB and ERA. The papers deal with the characterization of fly ash, ashes, slags and sludges and their possible uses or methods of waste disposal. (LTN)

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Fifth international ash utilization symposium

The Fifth International Ash Utilization Symposium was sponsored by the National Coal Association, American Public Power Association, US Department of Energy, National Ash Association, US Environmental Protection Agency and the Edison Electric Institute. It was held at Atlanta, Georgia, February 25 to 27, 1979. Thirty-eight papers from Part 2 of the proceedings have been entered individually into ERA and EDB. The papers in Part 2 deal mainly with the use of fly ash in cements, concretes and grout; the use or waste disposal in roads, embankments and backfilling underground mines; and, in a few cases for the neutralization of acid mine drainage or the conditioning of soils. Several papers deal with the chemical composition of fly ash, with its physical and chemical properties and their variability. (LTN)

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Evaluation of the Stretford Unit at the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant

This report gives the results of an evaluation of the design and operational characteristics of the Stretford Sulfur Recovery Unit installed in the Great Plains Gasification Project, Beulah, North Dakota. The report contains discussion of the H/sub 2/S removal capability of the unit, the potential of solids deposition and the expected solution losses. 11 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

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Underground gasification for steeply dipping coal beds

Two field tests were conducted in the G seam of the Fort Union Formation on the North Knobs track near the eastern rim of the Continental Divide Basin near Rawlins, Wyoming. The test site was selected in 1978. An environmental assessment and a general test plan were prepared. The first US test of underground coal gasification for steeply dipping beds (UCG/SDB) was conducted from October to December 1979. Test 1 was considered to be successful, as essentially all test objectives were met or exceeded. The thick middle member (7.0 m) of the G seam was gasified. The burn was accomplished using both air injection and steam/oxygen injection. Product gas quality varied from 4.7 to 7.1 MJ/m/sup 3/ with air injection, and from 8.3 to 11.4 MJ/m/sup 3/ with steam/oxygen injection. The post-burn cavity definition study showed that the burn zone was partly filled with thermally altered rubble, with a water-filled void space at the top of the burn zone. Test 2 was conducted from August to November 1981. The burn was made in a longer and deeper module than that used in the first test; the base of the Test 2 module was at approximately 188 m true vertical depth. The total energy produced was approximately 1.6 x 10/sup 14/ J, from gas of an average heating value of 13.2 MJ/m/sup 3/. Data from the post-burn study, as well as data from the test, indicated that the ''firepit''mechanism, or coal falling from the upper face and walls of the burn zone into a firepit area near the injection well, occurred in the test. The test site was deactivated in 1982. By the end of Phase IV on September 30, 1982, no measurable subsidence over either burn site had been observed. Tests of groundwater quality showed only minor changes in composition. Monitoring of the groundwater and overburden were scheduled to continue for 4 to 5 years. Appendices A and B containing test data are available on microfiche only. 17 refs., 18 figs., 12 tabs.

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Data acquisition and processing

This report covers data collection during periods of plant operation and the subsequent processing carried out of that data. A brief outline of both operational and subsequent processing is given, followed by an overview of the hardware used and software packages available. The configuration of the main Data Acquisition System package is described in some detail. The bulk data handling carried out after completion of plant operation is described and, where this is prepared by the project, source codings are given. The tasks performed on a routine basis using small micro-computers are described and the appropriate program listings provided. In conclusion, suggestions are made on how these tasks could have been better performed, had the full data processing requirements been known initially. 16 figs., 1 tab.

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Ash fouling of low-rank coals

Fouling behavior of lignite fuels was found to be dependent on silica, calcium and potassium levels as well as sodium/ash ratios. Differing fouling behavior in the case examined was not related to the mode of occurrence of the elements in question, but rather to the relative concentrations of the key elements (Na, K, Si, Ca) and total ash in coal. Metallic sodium appears to form during the early stages of combustion (devolatilization) of high sodium low-rank coals. Redeposition of vapor phase alkali on char particles appears to occur in the flame. The second goal of the work is a greater understanding of the mineral matter transformations that occur in low-rank coal combustion systems. This general goal ahs been pursued in laboratory scale studies to investigate the partitioning of alkali and sulfur species between the vapor and solid phase within a low-rank coal flame. The coals have been burned in a laminar flame located at Midwest Research Inc. (MRI). Analysis of the vapor and solid products were performed by MRI and UNDERC, respectively. This report discusses the results of analytical data obtained by UNDERC from the following techniques; electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS). The MBMS was used to determine the gas species present in the combustion products. SEM, XRF and ESCA were used to identify ash products. 4 figs., 3 tabs.

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Protocol for laboratory research on degradation, interaction, and fate of wastes disposed by deep-well injection: Final report

The objective of this research investigation was to develop a laboratory protocol for use in determining degradation, interaction, and fate of organic wastes disposed in deep subsurface reservoirs via disposal wells. Knowledge of the ultimate fate of deep-well disposed wastes is important because provisions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) require that by August 1988, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must show that the disposal of specified wastes by deep-well injection is safe to human health and the environment, or the practice must be stopped. The National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER) developed this protocol primarily by transferring some of its expertise and knowledge of laboratory protocol relevant to improved recovery of petroleum. Phenol, because it is injected into deep, subsurface reservoirs for disposal, was selected for study by the EPA. Phenol is one waste product that has been injected into the Frio formation; therefore, a decision was made to use phenol and sedimentary rock from the Frio formation for a series of laboratory experiments to demonstrate the protocol. This study investigates the adsorption properties of a specific reservoir rock which is representative of porous sedimentary geologic formations used as repositories for hazardous organic wastes. The developed protocol can be used to evaluate mobility, adsorption, and degradation of an organic hazardous waste under simulated subsurface reservoir conditions. 22 refs., 13 figs., 16 tabs.

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Coal fines. [95 references]

This report covers a wide field of subject matter relating to coal fines and includes a reasonably comprehensive bibliography. It assesses the possibility of developing a methodology for predicting either the amount of fines or the entire size distribution of coal generated by processing and handling through a series of breakage-inducing steps. The difficulty and costliness for such development is pointed out along with its probable outcome and limitations. 95 refs., 10 figs., 10 tabs.

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Experience with instrumentation for measurement and control at the Grimethorpe PFBC Facility

Control of, and measurements related to, the operation of the Grimethorpe Experimental Pressurized Fluidized Bed Boiler are described. The report covers initial commissioning of control and measurement aspects of the project and, describes modifications designed and implemented during the operating phase. The various methods of control, and instruments employed, are discussed and areas where significant development has been carried out are highlighted. These are notably; improvements in combustor parameter measurement and control; pH dosing of ash slurry, shot cleaning of the Main Heat Exchanger and the introduction of rotary valve fuel feeding. The report discusses those aspects of PFBC instrumentation which have been encountered at the Grimethorpe facility and have not been fully reported elsewhere. Separate project reports which discuss in detail specific instrumentation development related to process modifications and redesign are fully referenced. 30 refs., 73 figs.

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Start-up and operational procedures status report, March 1984

Overall operational procedures have been developed for the Grimethorpe Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Experimental Facility. The report describes these procedures, including hot start-up of the Facility. The report also outlines the operating history of the Facility between January 1982 and March 1984 and describes some procedural modifications which have been introduced during this period. 16 refs., 21 figs.

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Development of molten carbonate fuel cell power plant technology. Quarterly technical progress report No. 26, January 1-March 31, 1986

Overall objectives of this program are to develop and verify the design of a prototype molten carbonate fuel cell stack which meets the requirements of a 1990s-competitive, coal-fired, electrical utility central station, or industrial cogeneration power plant. The fabrication of all repeating components to be used in the 8-ft/sup 2/ short stack continued and are nearing completion according to schedule. The design of the nonrepeating components for the 8-ft/sup 2/ short stack was completed and the fabrication of this hardware continued and are nearing completion according to schedule. The preparation for assembly and test of the 8-ft/sup 2/ short stack were also continued throughout the reporting period, including the test stand preparations stack. Stack assembly is expected to commence on schedule in the final-third of the next reporting period. The design of a preliminary prototype stack was completed during the period and all layout drawings were prepared on schedule.

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Technically Recoverable Devonian Shale Gas in Kentucky

This report evaluates the natural gas potential of the Devonian Age shales of Kentucky. For this, the study: (1) compiles the latest geologic and reservoir data to establish the gas in-place; (2) analyzes and models the dominant gas production mechanisms; and (3) examines alternative well stimulation and production strategies for most efficiently recovering the in-place gas. The major findings of the study include the following: (1) The technically recoverable gas from Devonian shale (Lower and Upper Huron, Rhinestreet, and Cleveland intervals) in Kentucky is estimated to range from 9 to 23 trillion cubic feet (Tcf). (2) The gas in-place for the Devonian shales in eastern Kentucky is 82 Tcf. About one half of this amount is found in the Big Sandy gas field and its immediate extensions. The remainder is located in the less naturally fractured, but organically rich area to the west of the Big Sandy. (3) The highly fractured shales in the Big Sandy area in southeast Kentucky and the more shallow shales of eastern Kentucky respond well to small-scale stimulation. New, larger-scale stimulation technology will be required for the less fractured, anisotropic Devonian shales in the rest of the state. 44 refs., 49 figs., 24 tabs.

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Status of models for analysis of Western Gas Sands

This report summarizes existing capabilities for computer modeling of tight gas sands. The emphasis is on reservoir and stimulation models applicable to tight (low permeability), lenticular reservoirs (formations of irregularly shaped, randomly distributed sandstone bodies surrounded by relatively impermeable reservoir rock). These types of reservoirs are the focus of the Department of Energy's (DOE) Western Gas Sands (WGS) research efforts. The subject was addressed to assist DOE program managers and reservoir modelers in determining the needs for refining modeling capabilities for WGS research. The report identifies existing models and discusses their technical features and data requirements. It also discusses the general benefits and problems in using models and suggested improvements for research-oriented models. 71 refs., 2 tabs.

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Expansion of high-temperature, high-pressure data set for coal gasification: Eleventh quarterly report, March 28-June 28, 1987

Five of the nine coal/CO/sub 2/ gasification experiments for class 3.G were completed. These involved repeat experiments for the composite factorial matrix and tests which partially overlap the METC matrix. The four remaining experiments are of the latter type. We decided to save these until the end since they will push the high pressure reactor to its limits. Nearly all of the char gasification experiments with AFR chars under class 3.H have been completed and about one-half of those under class 4.F. A set of 5 chars was received from METC to complete the set. Completion of these experiments was delayed by a heating element failure in the reactor system. This has been repaired and the tests are continuing. Char characterization was done on chars received from METC. Measurements were made of N/sub 2/ or CO/sub 2/ surface area and reactivity. An inventory was taken of all of the char samples produced in our program in order to select additional samples for completing the char characterization and reactivity part of the study. The areas of interest include the effect of minerals, heating rate, molecular order, and CO/sub 2/ versus O/sub 2/ reactivity. The pyrolysis data for composite factorial matrices with 200 x 270 and 100 x 140 mesh fractions of Montana Rosebud coal was subjected to statistical analysis at METC. In general, the regression model did a good job in predicting yields of the major products, with the exception of water where the data are quite scattered. 3 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.

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Multizone Completion Opportunities in the Appalachian Basin

This report identifies areas of favorable Devonian shale gas potential beyond historically productive shale regions of the Appalachian basin in West Virginia. Geologic, reservoir and production data were employed to establish parametric correlations and trends. In particular, formation stress ratio, permeability-thickness product, gas production and modified productivity index terms were used to determine relationships and define Devonian shale gas potential. 9 refs., 47 figs., 4 tabs.

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The extraction of bitumen from western tar sands

Topics discussed include: characterization of bitumen impregnated sandstone, water based tar sand separation technology, electrophoretic characterization of bitumen and fine mineral particles, bitumen and tar sand slurry viscosity, the hot water digestion-flotation process, electric field use on breaking water-in-oil emulsions, upgrading of bitumens and bitumen-derived liquids, solvent extraction.

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Low-rank coal research under the UND/DOE cooperative agreement. Quarterly technical progress report, July-September 1983

Two long gasification tests were accomplished (66 and 72 hours of slagging operation) this quarter, and the balance of the wastewater needed for the second cooling tower (CT) test (approx. 11,000 gallons) was generated. Eleven thousand gallons of slagging fixed-bed gasifier (SFBG) wastewater were solvent extracted and ammonia stripped (AS) to nominal levels of 160 mg/1 phenol and 600 mg/1 NH/sub 3/. This wastewater is being further treated by activated sludge (AS) and granular activated carbon (GAC) processing to prepare a high quality makeup for the second CT test. Phenol mass balances indicated that > 90 pct of the phenol was stripped from the tower, indicating that previous assumptions of high levels of biodegradation were erroneous. Over 80 pct of the ammonia and about 25 pct of the methanol were also stripped. Data collected during steady state operation  of the bench-scale rotating biological contractor indicate complete removal of phenolics and alcohols, and 94 pct removal of BOD. Nitrification also occurred in this unit, with over 30 pct removal of ammonia. Problems due to individual bacteria, present in the biotreated wastewater, passing through the multi-media filter and thus decreasing the carbon adsorption efficiency of the GAC system, have resulted in lower treatment rates than originally anticipated. As a result, to achieve the desired treatment, the contact time of the wastewater with the carbon in the granular activated carbon system has been increased. Since this has decreased the treatment rate, a larger carbon adsorption system has been designed and is presently being constructed.

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Great Plains ASPEN model development. Technical progress report, November 1-30, 1983

During the period 11/1/83 through 11/30/83 work on this project was reduced in order to prepare papers for the Systems Simulation Symposium held in Morgantown, W.Va. A limited amount of work was performed on the following tasks: Task No. 1 simplified models and task No. 4 rigorous models; Task No. 2 review of existing gasifier models; and Task No. 5 evaluation and upgrading of the Aspen cost estimation and economic evaluation system.

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