AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
REFINERY CRACKING OPERATIONS CRACKING PLANT RUNS NOS. 36 AND 37, PROCESSIING SECTION REFINING UNIT REPORT NO. 35

"This report covers thermal reforming run No. 36 and recycle cracking run No. 37. Run No. 36 was begun on August 20, 1952 and was followed almost immediately by run No. 37. The principal purpose of run No. 36 was to improve the combined gasoline stocks from several sources for blending to motor fuel specifications. The reformed naphtha, after treatment, was blended and used by all station vehicles. A secondary purpose of the run was to gain information on the behavior of the type of naphtha stock available under the reforming conditions  chosen. Only slight improvement in knock rating or tetraethyllead response was obtained in the operation.  Run No. 37 was planned as a recycle cracking operation in which heavy gas oil would be cracked to produce residuum and 400 F. end point, naphtha. Stable operating conditions were not reached in this run. A premature  shutdown was necessary because of excessive pressure drop in the fractionators caused by an accumulation on some of the lower bubble trays during several earlier runs."

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REFINERY CRACKING PLANT OPERATIONS CRACKING PLANT RUNS NOS. 44 AND 45, PROCESSING SECTION REFIINING UNIT REPORT NO. 43

Runs Nos. 44 and 45 were conducted January 29 to 31 and February 11 to 15, 1952, respectively, to study recycle cracking of shale oil  total coker gas oil for maximum gasoline conversion. The coker gas oil charge material was held in storage for a considerable time before being used and had formed a large amount of gum and tar materials. Run No. 44 was a once-through coking operation which effectively removed these troublesome compounds. Run No. 45 was a recycle cracking operation charging the total distillate produced in run No. 44. Two cracking temperature levels were investigated, 920 and 930 degrees F., utilizing a reaction chamber for additional soaking time. The gasoline yields at the two cracking temperatures were essentially the same, while gas formation was greater at the higher temperature, indicating near maximum conversion of gasoline. No significant difference in product properties were noted.

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RIO BLANCO OIL COMPANY ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT, TRACT C-A (1/81-12/81)

The requirement to submit an Annual Progress Report on each anniversary date of the lease following approval of a development plan is contained in Section 1 of the Environmental Stipulations to the Federal Oil Shale Lease under which the Rio Blanco Oil Shale Company is operating. The Gulf Oil Corporation and Standard Oil Company formed RBOSC as a general partnership to develop Tract C-a with the intention of engaging in the commercial production of oil shale.

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REFINERY TREATING PLANT OPERATIONS GASOLINE TREATING RUN NO. 15, REFINERY UNIT INTRA-BUREAU REPORT NO. 30

This report covers treating plant run No. 15, June 25 to June 27, 1951, in which a cold sulfuric acid treatment was applied to the composite total naphtha produced during cracking plant run No. 33. This naphtha was a mixture of material from the thermal cracking of a total coker gas oil and cracking of a heavy gas oil and was treated to provide more data on cracked stocks and to determine the minimum 66 degree Be sulfuric acid treatment necessary to produce a finished gasoline of satisfactory sulfur content, color, gum content, and storage stability.

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REFINERY TREATING PLANT OPERATIONS RUN NO. 17 REPORT NO. 26 REFINING UNIT

This report covers treating plant run No. 17, made August 27 and 28, 1951, on gasoline produced by reforming some previously acid treated ad rerun naphtha's. The primary objective of this run was to finish this stock and produce a satisfactory motor fuel for use in vehicles at this station.

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ELECTRON MICROPHOTOGRAPHS OF DIESEL FUEL FROM SHALE OIL SUPPLEMENT NO. 1 REFINING UNIT INTRA-BUREAU REPORT NO 34A

The previous report described the results of tests using a shale Diesel fuel produced at Rifle and used in a switching locomotive by the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Company. Since that report was written, additional information has been obtained on the characteristics of the Diesel fuel as shown by the electron microscope.

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REFINERY CRACKING OPERATIONS INTERIM REPORT OCTOBER 1949-JANUARY 1950

In Refining Unit Report No 1 the initial operations of the oil-shale demonstration cracking plant were described. These operations began in July and extended through September 1949. They consisted of atmospheric, visbreaking runs were hampered by the usual difficulties incident to starting up new equipment. The data obtained during these runs therefore were not felt to be entirely reliable. The recycle cracking runs which followed were not similarly hampered, and the data obtained were more detailed and conclusive.

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REFINERY CRACKING PLANT OPERATIONS PLANT RUNS NOS. 49 AND 50 PROCESSING SECTION REFINING UNIT REPORT NO. 46

Of the two runs covered by this report, run No 49, May 12 to 16, 1952, was designed to remove the gums and polymers from some coker naphtha and gas oil by atmospheric distillation and thus improve these stocks for subsequent cracking. Run No. 50, May 19 to 21, was a Suspension cracking operation charging the products from run No. 49.

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REFINERY CRACKING OPERATIONS INTERIM REPORT OCTOBER 1949-JANUARY 1950 REFINING UNIT REPORT NO. 3

In Refining Unit Report No. 1 the initial operations of the oil-shale demonstration cracking plant were described. These operations began in July and extended through September 1949. They consisted of atmospheric, visbreaking, and recycle cracking runs, The atmospheric and visbreaking runs were hampered by the usual difficulties incident to starting up new equipment. The data obtained during these runs therefore were not felt to be entirely reliable. The recycle cracking runs which followed were not similarly hampered, and the data obtained were more detailed and conclusive.

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RIO BLANCO OIL SHALE COMPANY MIS RETORT ABANDONMENT PROGRAM

RBOSC proposes to abandon the two modified in situ retorts on Tract C-a in the following manner: pump existing water out of retorts, allow retorts to flood completely, recirculate water through retort to leach most of soluble material from the rubble, pump all leachate from the retorts and product collection system, flood retorts, and monitor groundwater in area around retorts until it has been determined that an unacceptable migration of harmful substances is not likely to be detected in the monitoring wells adjacent to the retorts.

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CATALYTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL FRACTION FROM SHALE OIL COKER DISTILLATE REPORT 80

This work was done to increase our knowledge in the field of synthetic fuels. The raw shale oil coker distillate supplied us by the U.S. Bureau of Mines from their Rifle Colorado operations is a relatively poor catalytic cracking stock, even when undercut to remove unstable heavy ends which caused excessive heater fouling. This report also reviews other work to indicate that shale oil coker distillates are improved by hydrogenation.

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ROYSTER RETORTING PROCESS PILOT PLANT INTERRELATIONS OF RETORTING VARIABLES AND THEIR EFFECT ON PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCT QUALITY, Report No. 3 Development Engineering Unit

The Royster process pilot plant is a gas circulating, batch-type retorting unit. A stream of product gases circulating within the system serves as the heat-carrying medium. The pilot plant was originally designed and fabricated for low-temperature coal carbonization studies at the Pittsburgh Central Experiment Station. It was never erected at the Pittsburgh station and was subsequently loaned to the Rifle Oil-Shale Demonstration Plant for use in oil-shale retorting investigations.

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MOCKUP OF A HORIZONTAL RAM RETORT, Report No. 8 Development Engineering Unit

Several retorting processes under consideration at the present time involve a countercurrent flow of shale and heating gases wherein the raw shale is fed into the bottom of the retort and is pushed up or carried upward through the retorting zone. Three commonly used devices for moving solid material upward are: a bolt conveyer, a screw, and a ram. Were a conveyer used, it would have to carry the shale the full length of the retort. This would mean operating one end of the conveyer at 110 degrees F. And quenching it cool oil at the other end with the result that the life expectancy of the conveyor would be seriously shortened. Another problem with a conveyor is that it must be as wide as the shale bed it conveys. This limits the size of the retort to practical conveyor sizes and creates the additional problem of how to prevent challenging of gas around the conveyor. A screw is possible but in effect it is a continuous ram operating at a much higher level of power per unit of shale when used to shove a column of material. A ram appeared to be a simple solution to the shale handling problem because it could operate in the cool end of the retort and would provide a positive displacement of the shale. Another advantage is that the cross section of the shale bed can be greater than that of the ram, thereby allowing the use of a ram of relatively small area.

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"GAS FLOW PROCESS PILOT PLANT RECYCLE GAS TEMPERATURE STUDIES, Report No.6  Development Engineering Unit"

"The Gas-Flow retorting process is predicated upon simple solids handling equipment and high retorting capacity. It features gravity flow of shale and a cross-flow principle wherein the heating gases pass across the moving shale bed in contrast to countercurrent flow. One of the more  important process variables of the Gas-Flow retort is the temperature of the recycle-gas stream entering the retort. Raising the inlet-gas temperature from 1,0500 to 1,350 F, decreased the amount of recycle gas required  by one-third and increased the rate of retorting from 618 to 1,016 lb. shale/hr./sq. ft. bed area. The higher retorting rate indicated above is seven times as great as that normally attained in internal-combustion processes. Oil recoveries were 102 volume percent of the raw shale assay when the low inlet-gas temperature was used and dropped to 95 volume percent as the inlet-gas temperature was raised to 1,350 F. From 500 to 850  cubic feet of hydrogen per barrel of crude oil is available in the product gas stream for possible use in hydrogenating the crude shale oil or a distillate thereof. Varying the inlet-gas temperature over the range studied had no apparent effect on the properties of the crude oils produced."

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A SUMMARY OF INPUT AND OUTPUT OF THE SEMIWORKS RETORT AT ANVIL POINTS FOR THE PERIOD MAY 4, - DECEMBER 31, 1977

This is a summary of the operation of the Anvil Points oil shale retorts by Development Engineering, Inc. during the period May 4 to December 31, 1977. The semi-works retort was operated during this entire period except for 25 interruptions, six of which were due to power failures. On October 25th, operation of the pilot plant retort was added to that of the semi-works retort. Wet oil from the pilot plant was collected and measured separately from that of the semi-works retort , but data on the operation of the pilot plant during this period were not recorded.

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REFINERY TREATING PLANT OPERATIONS INTERIM REPORT JANUARY THROUGH MARCH 1950, Refining Unit Report No.6

"One run, No.4, was made in the continuous acid-treating plant during the quarter covered in this report. During the operation, light gas oil was acid-treated to improve its Diesel fuel characteristics. The operation was successful in improving the more important physical properties of the oil for use as Diesel fuel by the acid treatment. The cetane number of the treated oil was within acceptable limits; the  Conradson carbon residue, though improved, did not meet the usual high-speed Diesel fuel requirements. The sulfur content of the oil was not affected appreciably."

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ENTRAINED SOLIDS RETORT RUN NO. 8 AND RELATED REFINING DATA, REPORT 4

"Although a shale to steam ratio of 5 to 1 had been planned for this run, it more nearly approached 7 to 1 because of faulty operation of the feeder. Steam flow during the shale feeding period averaged 60 lb. hr. A 5-minute purge period at a rate of approximately 147 lb. of steam per hour was used after shale feeding stopped to clean out retort and process lines. This increased the  average steam flow for the entire run to 61. 1 lb. per hour. The shale feed rate averaged 429 lb. per hour for the run. This is equivalent to a throughput of 6920 lb. per(hour) (sq. ft.). Calculating log mean stream velocity in the retort tubes was 17.8 ft./sec.; calculated shale velocity. 8.4 fL/sec.; and calculated shale retention time. 6 sec. Table 2 shows the temperatures which were recorded just prior to stating the shale charge but with steam flowing through the system, and again after shale feeding had started. Figures 1 and 2 show the  temperature histories recorded during the run, figure 3 the steam flow, and figure 4 the temperature of the steam as it enters the retort."

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ENTRAINED SOLIDS RETORT RUN NO 27 (AUTOTHERMIC, 1230 DEG. F) AND RELATED REFINING DATA

"This run was the second autothermic run made, the previous one having been made to determine temperatures and air rates necessary for combustion  to take place in the process stream. Steam was used as a preheat medium at a flow rate of 60 lb./hr. This  rate was also maintained after air was added to the process stream. During the first 26 minutes of retorting only steam was used as the entraining medium. At the end of this period air was introduced at a rate of 15  CFM and shortly thereafter retort product exit temperature (second pass) increased from 1100° to 1225° F. with the furnace temperature remaining at  1340° F. The furnace temperature was gradually decreased as the air rate was increased. Each increase of air rate was followed by a gradual increase in retort product temperature until at an air rate of 22 CFM the retort product temperature had reached 1245° F. and the furnace temperature had been decreased to 1280 F.  Table 2 shows the temperatures in the process  corresponding to various rates of air admitted to the stream. A total of 919 lbs. of shale was retorted in 157 minutes for an average shale feed rate of 351 lbs./hr. which is equivalent to a throughput of 5,652 lbs. per (hour) (sq. ft.). Calculated log mean stream velocity in the retort tubes was 31.4 ft./second, and calculated average shale retention time., 304 sec."

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A STUDY OF ROOF STABILITY AND SUBSIDENCE RELATED TO UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION OPERATIONS

"A rock testing program is defined and carried out to  determine the mechanical constants of an underground coal gasification chamber overburden. It encompasses tensile tests and uniaxial/ triaxial compressive tests. It allows the determination of the overburden tensile strength and compressive strengths for different  confining pressures as well as the calculation of average values for Poisson's Ratio and Young's Modulus of Elasticity. Results are reported in tabular and graphical forms. Assuming a linear elastic behavior of the rock and a  failure process governed by the Mohr's Criterion, empirical,  analytical, and numerical techniques are implemented to assess roof stability and surface subsidence. Among these methods are the classical roof beam calculations, various pressure-arch theories, the bulking factor theory, the U.K. National Coal Board prediction curves, two different elastic models developed by Berry and Sales,  and a finite element simulation. The quantitative results yielded by the above procedures are complemented by qualitative considerations. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are expressed."

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OIL SHALE RESEARCH ANVIL POINTS OIL SHALE RESEARCH FACILITY

"The extensive research contract between the Department of Energy (DOE) and Development Engineering, Inc. (DEI) was scheduled to begin January 1, 1978 and to continue for 23 days. That contract (EF-78-C-03-1829) has been extended by additional 30-day periods (refs. 1,2). Because of the relatively short period  of time for the initial contract and each of the extensions, no interim or progress reports were required. A final technical report is due 60 days after the completion of the contract. Since extensive research work has been carried  out at Anvil Points by DEI during the entire first quarter of 1978, monthly reports are being prepared to help assure that none of the data , memos, or conclusions are lost and not reported. These monthly reports, when prepared,  will serve as a basis for the final report required in the initial research contract. This report will cover the research activities carried out by DEI at Anvil Points during the month of January, 1978 under the DOE Contract No. EF-78-C-03-1829. The raw data from operations and the laboratory are being sent to the LERC TPO. Under RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS, reports of activities from the Mining and Hauling, Crushing, Retorting, Maintenance and Laboratory and Research will be presented. Under the SUMMARY SECTION, the research performed under the work statements of the contract and the work remaining will be summarized."

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WILDLIFE SURVEY ANVIL POINTS OIL SHALE FACILITY GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO

"The Anvil Points Oil Shale Facility is located on the  Naval Oil Shale Reserve (NOSR), a 55,000 acre tract in Garfield County, Colorado. The Department of Energy's Laramie Energy Technology Center (LETC) is responsible for the management of this facility and wishes to assess policy options concerning the approximately 4720 acres involved. One option is decommissioning and reclamation, and LETC requires sufficient ecological baseline data to facilitate the development of an adequate reclamation  plan in accordance with Rule 6: Reclamation Performance Standards of the Rules and Regulations of the Colorado Mined Land Reclamation Board. The wildlife study area consists of the 4720 acres encompassing the Anvil Points Oil Shale Facility . Adjacent lands, both above and below the cliff area, and which may be considered an integral part of the facility's wildlife habitat were also considered.  The objectives of this report are to:  • Describe the significant wildlife resources of the area, especially endangered and threatened species , commercially and recreationally important species, and others considered unique or of special interest;  • Discuss the seasonal wildlife use of the area with special attention to critical periods in the life cycle of species requiring special consideration (e.g. , grouse strutting grounds, important migration routes, raptor nesting areas,  natural salt-licks,12715 ); and  Discuss the general effects of oil shale-related activities on the existing wildlife of the area and appropriate methodologies for encouraging the diversity of both game and non-game species, and protecting and/or improving wildlife habitat."

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"REFINERY CRACKING OPERATIONS COKING RUNS NO. 40 AND 41, Processing Section  Refining Unit Intra-Bureau Report No. 40"

Cracking plant runs No. 40 and No. 41, essentially recycle delayed coking operations, were conducted during October 1951 for several purposes.  It was desired to obtain further data concerning the production and properties of approximately 700 F  A.S.T.M. end point coker distillate from both raw and visbroken crude shale oils, and also, during a part of run No. 41, to investigate the possibility of producing a quantity of high softening point pitch by means of continuously removing the material as a liquid from a coke chamber. The test periods of runs No. 40 and No. 41 which were devote primarily to the production of coker distillate, were similar in operational details to several previous recycle delayed coking runs except that fresh feed was introduced to the flash chamber instead of the heater coil as had been the practice in the past.  No particular advantage was realized by this change, either in yields or properties of distillate product.  The part of run No. 41 devoted principally to continuous withdrawal of pitch from the system was the first entirely successful method of pitch production devised in the Rifle shale-oil refinery.  It was found that pitch of any desired softening point could be produced by such a means, and that the process was flexible and easily controllable.

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LETTER: DISTILLATION OF LIGNITE TAR IN THE SHALE OIL REFINERY OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF MINES AT RIFLE, COLORADO

"The distillation studies at the Rifle Station of the U. S. Bureau of Mines were made with the following principal purposes:  1. To establish on a semi-plant scale the suitability of this  specific type of distillation unit for the processing of  lignite tar produced by The Parry process in a commercial  carbonizer at the Rockdale plant of the Aluminum Company of America.  2. To establish the yields and qualities of the distillates  and residues produced in various modes of operation of the distillation unit; and  3. To produce pitches in sufficient quantities for plant scale evaluation in prebaked electrodes for aluminum manufacture and to produce distillates in sufficient quantities for further processing to one of Koppers tar plants.  The purpose of this report is to summarize evaluation data which has been obtained since the first report was issued on September 21, 1954."

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N-T-U RETORT OPERATIONS USING 400 CFM RECYCLE GAS, Retorting Unit Report No. 4

This is the fourth report of a series to be compiled on operations on the N-T-U retorts. Report No. 1 described the N-T-U retort process and discussed preliminary operations. Reports No. 2 and No. 3 covered operations using recycle gas instrument settings of 200 and  300 cfm respectively, with the air rate being varied over the range of the air blower capacity. This report covers operations using a recycle gas instrument setting of 400 cfm and varying the air rate over the range of the air blower capacity. All other operating conditions were held as close as possible to those used during the 200 and 300 cfm recycle gas series. Forty-two tons of minus 31/2-inch plus 1/2 inch "G" bed shale assaying approximately  30 gallons per ton were charged for each run, and operating techniques were held constant. All test runs for this series were completed between May 27, 1948,  and October 26, 1948 . A total of 714 tons of oil shale was charged, and 17,460 gallons of crude shale oil were recovered for the seventeen runs. The average recovery was 71.6 percent based on the Fischer assay, and the average recovery rate was 47.6 gallons of oil per hour  for each of the 367.1 operating hours. The average Fischer assay was 32.2 gallons per ton.

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N-T-U RETORT OPERATIONS USING 500 CFM RECYCLE GAS, Retorting Unit Report No. 6

"This is the fifth in a series of reports being issued to describe portions of a projected series of operations on the N-T-U retorts. Reports 1 through 4 described operational techniques and the 200,300, and 400 cfm recycle gas series respectively. This report will cover the  series of runs made with a recycle gas instrument setting of 500 cfm, where air rate was used as the variable and recycle gas rate as a constant. All other factors were held constant and these were: (1) the shale grade, by  using 30-gallon-per-ton shale, (2) a shale particle size of plus 1/2-inch to minus 3-1/2-inch, (3) a constant charge weight of 42 tons, and (4) all operating techniques.  Operations for this particular series took place along with other work in the period from May 6, 1948, to January 26, 1949, and a total of 19 runs was made, with at least two runs at each air rate. The retorts were charged with 798 tons of shale, from which 19,490 gallons of oil was  recovered. An average of 55 gallons of oil was recovered for each of the 352 total operating hours."

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