AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
PROJECT RIO BLANCO DEFINITION PLAN VOLUME III REENTRY -RELATED DETAILED TASKS

Project Rio Blanco is the first phase of a three-phase program to demonstrate the potential of commercial development of I a natural-gas field by nuclear stimulation techniques in the Piceance Basin in Rio Blanco County~ Colorado. Because the gas is tightly held within the surrounding rock, this field cannot be developed by conventional stimulation methods. The first phase will consist of simultaneously detonating three nuclear explosives at different depths within the Fort Union and Mesaverde formations. The detonation is designed to stimulate a 1,350-foot vertical section of the Fort Union and Mesaverde formations. After a 3-month waiting period, a reentry well will be drilled into the gas-filled chimney, and the reservoir testing and evaluation will start.

Tags: kmd
Air Injection in a Gulf Coast Light Oil Field

Why inject air in an oil reservoir? In Southwest Louisiana, air injection is proving to be a low cost way of generating 280 BOPD of incremental oil production. While air injection is historically associated with heavy oil or low permeability light oil reservoirs, the West Hackberry Air Injection Project is proving that air can do more. In three high permeability light oil reservoirs, air injection is repressuring the reservoir, repositioning the oil rim, and improving recovery through the Double Displacement Process. The Double Displacement Process is the gas displacement of a water invaded oil column for the purpose of recovering oil through gravity drainage. In high permeability light oil reservoirs, gravity drainage can recover 80% to 90% of the oil in place versus water drive recoveries of 50% to 60% of the oil in place.

Tags: kmd
Oil Recovery by Carbon Dioxide Injection

This report is the forty-seventh report on the progress of the Rock Creek carbon dioxide project in Roane County, West Virginia.  Designed, developed and operated by Pennzoil Company, this project will demonstrate the feasibility of miscible carbon dioxide oil recovery in the Rock Creek Injun Field.    A successful demonstration of this project will lead to a field wide commercial development.  Also, the technical success of this project would be utilized in the development of other miscible carbon dioxide oil recovery project in numerous fields in the Appalachian area.

Tags: kmd
Two-Dimensional Thermodynamic Model (Second Stage) of the In-Situ Underground Coal Gasification Process for the Linked Vertical Well Method in Eastern Thin-Seamed Coals

The overall goals of the study are to predict the growth rate of the gasified cavity region, as well as the product gas composition in the underground coal gasification of thin seam, swelling, Eastern coals. A particular objective is to apply the technology obtained to predict and analyze the performance of the DOE-METC UCG experiment at Pricetown, WV.

Tags: kmd
SOURCES AND DELIVERY OF CARBON DIOXIDE FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

This report presents results from a comprehensive study by Pullman Kellogg, with assistance from Gulf Universities Research Consortium and National Cyro-Chemics Incorporated, of the carbon dioxide supply situation for miscible flooding operations to enhance oil recovery. A survey of carbon dioxide sources within the geographic areas of potential EOR are shown on four regional maps with the tabular data for each region to describe the sources in terms of quantity and quality. Evaluation of all the costs, such as purchase, production, processing, and transportation, associated with delivering the carbon dioxide from its source to its destination are presented. Specific cases to illustrate the use of the maps and cost charts generated in this study have been examined.

Tags: kmd
ANALYSES OF 800 CRUDE OILS FROM UNITED STATES OIL FIELDS

The quality and related characteristics of crude oil Is produced and marketed throughout the United States is of both theoretical and practical interest to producers, refiners, marketers, and consumers as well as to state and federal agencies. The Bartlesville (Oklahoma) Energy Technology Center (BETC), a part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), analyzes crude oils from around the world and this report presents 800 of those analyses from major fields in the United States. Listed by state and field, the analyses, as performed by the U. S. Bureau of Mines Routine Method of Distillation, are part of the BETC open file of about 9,000 crude-oil analyses. This report provides a measure of the quality of the nation's crude-oil reserves. It includes an individual analysis for each oil to provide crude-oil quality data, geographical and geological origin of each oil, and analytical and computed data useful for determining hydrocarbon-type composition and refinability.

Tags: kmd
Austin Chalk Deep Gas Play

The Late Cretaceous Austin Chalk formation is present in the subsurface paralleling the U.S. Gulf Coast from Mexico to Florida and produces from numerous fields in Texas and Louisiana along a trend over 300 miles in length and over 40 miles in width. Conventional drilling with vertical wells was marginally successful in developing the fractured Austin Chalk reservoir. The development of horizontal techniques greatly enhanced the productivity of the wells by intersecting multiple fracture sets. Various methods of exploration have been used to explore for the sweet spots within the chalk with mixed results. No one method has worked in all areas and seldom in many of the sweet spots. The Austin Chalk reservoir is described as tight, fossiliferous, fractured limestone interbedded with shales and marls. Although the matrix contributes to production, the high initial rates result from fracture permeability. The thickness of the Austin Chalk ranges from 50 to more than 600 feet with specific targets within this interval. The depth of the main productive chalk trend ranges from 5500? to 16000?. The deep gas play of Giddings Field began in Washington County of central Texas and has expanded into Austin, Colorado, and Grimes counties of central Texas. The Austin Chalk lies at a depth of 12500? to 16500? with a total thickness from 295? to over 400?. The primary target, the ?B? zone, is 23-50? thick and is characterized by less than 3% porosity and resistivity values greater than 40 Ohms. The wells are drilled with a single lateral, 5000? in length, or as opposing laterals, each 3000 to 4000 feet long and perpendicular to N65(E fracture strike. Production is generally dry gas with small amounts of water and completions are based on the quantity and quality of shows encountered while drilling.

Tags: kmd
The U.S. Department of Energy's Program in Low-Permeability Naturally Fractured Gas Reservoirs

The original goal of the U.S. Department of Energy's research program in low-permeability gas reservoirs was to expand the level of industry development and production efficiency from these reservoirs in the U.S. From the beginning, natural fractures were felt to be the key to better production from these extensive reservoirs, which are concentrated heavily but not exclusively in the Rocky Mountain region. The need for a Federal role in gaining access to this resource has been apparent for some time. By the year 2015 DOE?s Energy Information Agency (1998) expects a declining conventional national gas supply of approximately 20 TCF/Year and a steady 5 TCF/Year gas import volume. In order to meet demand at that time, low-permeability resources will be required to supply up to 10 TCF/Year. The first step in DOE?s program at it's inception in the early 1980's was to better characterize the geology of key Rocky Mountain Basins and refine the low-permeability resource and reserve numbers via our interagency agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey, the Scotia Group and others. While this effort still continues to this point in time, we initiated a companion effort to search for geophysical and other geosciences methodologies that could aid in high-grading the location of natural fracture sweet-spots in the early 1990's. The summaries and synthesis of six of these studies are compiled on the CD-ROM entitled ?Detection and Analysis of Naturally Fractured Gas Reservoirs,? and is available for free distribution to attendees of this workshop. The more recent emphasis of our program has shifted somewhat toward that of participating in cooperative field verification opportunities to test our findings with companies such as Barrett Resources in the Piceance Basin, Louisiana Land and Exploration in the Wind River Basin and Union Pacific Resources in the Greater Green River Basin. You will have an opportunity to hear about the results of these efforts during the workshop, as well as a discussion of the deep Austin Chalk formation, and it's potential for future study as a low-permeability gas resource. We at DOE and the Federal Energy Technology Center want to express our appreciation to our co-hosts: Union Pacific Resources, Advanced Resources International, and Western Geophysical as well as Burlington Resources for assisting in the conduct of this workshop. We also invite your participation in round-table discussions at the conclusion of our structured presentations and hope that you will contribute your comments and thoughts to us at that time.

Tags: kmd
Translating Western Basin Success to Other Low Permeability Gas Plays and Basins

The natural fracture detection R&D sponsored by DOE/FETC has been tested in several Rocky Mountain basins and gas plays, including: - Mesaverde (Williams Fork) tight, lenticular sandstones at Rulison Field, Piceance Basin, Colorado - Frontier tight sandstones, Table Rock Field, Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming - Fort Union sandstones, Madden Field, Wind River Basin, Wyoming Still, numerous other naturally fractured, low permeability natural gas formations and basins exist, particularly in the Mid-Continent and Texas: - Anadarko/Arkoma - East Texas/ North Louisiana - Texas Gulf Coast/Austin Chalk - Permian/Val Verde

Tags: kmd
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADVANCED PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF COAL TO SYNTHETIC GASOLINE AND OTHER DISTILLATE MOTOR FUELS

This final project report summarizes activities in this program for research and development of an advanced process for conversion of coal to synthetic gasoline and other distillate motor fuels. The work summarized includes exploratory atmospheric pressure as well as incrementally and continuously charged elevated pressure coking of coal -petroleum residual slurries. The results of hydrogen transfer mechanism, physical property and slurry critical decomposition temperature studies are also summarized as are the results of a preliminary economic assessment of this coking process. The reporting of final project activities examining coal slurry heating for hydroliquefaction processes also is completed and summarized.

Tags: kmd
Analysis of Rift Basins for Optimum Development: Mississippi Interior Salt Basin

The objectives of this study have been to increase the amount of public information on domestic rift basins and enhance the understanding of petroleum systems operating in these basins. Attainment of these objectives is consistent with the goals of the 1998 Comprehensive National Energy Strategy. The discovery of new hydrocarbon resources in rift basins serves to support national economic and energy security by reducing the vulnerability of the U.S. economy to disruptions in oil supply by boosting domestic production in an environmentally superior manner.

Tags: kmd
New Techniques for Using Old Geophysical Logs in Reservoir Characterization: Examples from Bell Canyon Sandstones, Ford Geraldine and East Ford Units, Delaware Basin, Texas

Primary recovery efficiency is low in Delaware Mountain Group reservoirs because of serious production problems, particularly low reservoir energy and high water production. Unless methodologies and technologies to overcome these production problems are applied, much of the remaining oil in Delaware sandstone fields will not be recovered. Our objective in conducting reservoir-characterization studies of the Ford Geraldine and East Ford units was to provide insights that are applicable to all slope and basin clastic fields in the Delaware Basin. The technologies used for reservoir characterization included subsurface log, core-analysis, and petrophysical study. Petrophysical analysis was complicated by the incomplete nature of the logging suites in both units. In the Ford Geraldine unit, 118 wells have no porosity logs, and of the remaining 187 wells, 84 of them have only old neutron logs. Only 38 wells have both porosity and resistivity logs. In the East Ford unit, only 26 of the 45 wells have porosity logs, and only 17 wells have both porosity and resistivity logs. The old gamma-ray and neutron logs were run by many different companies at different scales and sensitivities. Because of these problems, not all of the methods of a modern petrophysical analysis (Asquith and Gibson, 1982) could be used. Thus, the objective of the petrophysical characterization of the Ford Geraldine and East Ford units was to develop a method of log interpretation that would combine traditional techniques with some new methods and allow quantitative petrophysics to be accomplished with the old logs.

Tags: kmd
Optimization of Infill Drilling in Naturally-Fractured Tight-Gas Reservoirs in the San Juan Basin

A major goal of industry and the DOE fossil energy program is to increase U.S. gas reserves in tight-gas reservoirs. Production from tight-gas sandstone reservoirs of the Mesaverde and Dakota formations in the San Juan Basin is highly dependent on natural fractures. Fractures not only enhance the overall permeability of these reservoirs, they also create significant permeability anisotropy. Permeability anisotropy causes the drainage area around the wells to be elliptical. Elongated drainage creates more production interference and drainage overlap between adjacent wells and increases the potential for leaving large sections of the reservoir undrained. Reservoir characterization and simulation studies are being conducted in the San Juan basin to (1) define the elliptical drainage area and recoverable gas for existing wells, (2) determine the optimal location and number of new infill wells to maximize economic recovery, and (3) forecast the increase in total cumulative gas production from infill drilling at different locations in the basin. This study provides producers the necessary information required to develop optimal infill drilling strategies for recovery of significant additional gas from tight-gas reservoirs. A preliminary estimate of additional recoverable gas from optimal infill drilling of Mesaverde Formation in the San Juan Basin is 7.8 TCF.

Tags: kmd
Multi-Disciplinary and High-Resolution Seismic Survey on Native American Lands in Osage County, Oklahoma

This program was designed to demonstrate the capabilities of state-of-the-art 3-D seismic technology for the imaging of shallow, thin target beds in subtle traps and to determine the cost-effectiveness of current survey techniques and procedures as a prospecting tool for the smaller independent geological/geophysical exploration company. The 3-D field test included the following tasks: -The development of technologies for use in the identification of shallow exploration targets, - The design of a field test on a scale appropriate for small operators or other independents, such as a native American Tribe, - A field test of the design, - A test and evaluation of state-of-the-art 3-D technologies to image subtle hydrocarbon traps, -An assessment of the effectiveness and economics of the process from the point of view of the typical small operator, -Transfer of the technology to independent operators and native tribes. The ultimate goal of the program was to design, develop, and promote new and innovative petroleum exploration techniques, to encourage drilling activity by independents within the U.S., and ultimately to increase domestic production. In addition, a location in Osage County was chosen to further the objectives of the Presidents Native Tribes Initiative, which has a goal of encouraging entrepreneurial activities on Native American lands.

Tags: kmd
Coiled-Tubing High-Pressure Jet Drilling System

Coiled-tubing (CT) rigs utilize continuous tubing to rapidly reel bits, motors, and other tools in and out of wells. They significantly reduce drilling, completion and work over costs in many areas and are ideal for underbalanced drilling since they can be reeled in and out of the well under pressure. CT has reduced squeeze cementing and work over costs by as much as 70 percent at Prudhoe Bay and other areas. A major limitation of CT drilling is the relatively low power output of the slimhole motors due to their small diameters. For example, a 6?-inch PDM motor delivers 130 to 170 horsepower compared to only 20 to 30 horsepower for a 2-inch motor. On another recent DOE project, Maurer Engineering developed high-power PDM motors that deliver twice as much power as conventional motors and drill twice as fast. The goal of this CT project is to further increase the drilling rate of these high-power motors to significantly reduce slimhole drilling costs.

Tags: kmd
DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF THE DAKOTA SANDSTONE SAN JUAN BASIN AREA, NEW MEXICO

The Dakota Sandstone (Cretaceous) the San Juan Basin area of northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado (fig. 1) includes rocks which were deposited under diverse marine and non-marine conditions. The purpose of this paper is to show that primary sedimentary structures, biotubation, fossils, and lithologies in the Dakota provides basis for recognizing a spectrum of marine and nonmarine environments within this unit and for developing a model to explain the changes in environments in space and during time.

Tags: kmd
EFFECT OF PRESSURE AND WATER SATURATION ON PERMEABILITY OF WESTERN TIGHT SANDSTONES

The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) is conducting tests on the effect of pore and confining pressure on the absolute and relative permeability of Western tight sandstone. Cores from the Canyon Largo No. 256 Well in the San Juan Basin, Dakota Formation, Farmington, New Mexico, and the Mobil F3l-l3G Well in the Piceance Basin, Zones 3 and 6, Rio Blanco County, Colorado, are being examined. Steady state flow and pressure pulse decay tests have been conducted at pore pressures up to 4700 psi and confining pressures up to 9700 psi. Relative gas permeability values have been measured at different levels of water saturation and compared with an earlier empirical correlation proposed by Corey. The effect of confining pressure on tight sandstone was studied and results were found to conform to the observations of earlier investigators.

Tags: kmd
MASSIVE HYDRAULIC FRACTURE MAPPING AND CHARACTER1ZATION PROGRAM

Three massive hydraulic fracture operations for natural gas stimulation were conducted in November and December 1975 and January 1976.  The fractures were performed by Halliburton for AMOCO in the Wattenberg field northeast of Denver, Colorado. A surface electrical potential technique was used by Sandia Laboratories in cooperation with AMOCO to obtain diagnostic information that would characterize the fractures. Comparison of field data with model calculations indicates that the electrical potential gradients produced by the direct electrical excitation of the fracture well and fracture fluid can be used to map and characterize the fracture. The surface electrical potential techniques utilized and mathematical modeling is described and the data obtained are presented. Fracture orientations apparently lay in a SE to NW direction and analysis indicates the creation of asymmetrical fractures.

Tags: kmd
POSSIBLE FUTURE PETROLEUM OF UlNTA AND PlCEANCE BASINS AND VICINITY NORTHEAST UTAH AND NORTHWEST COLORADO

In northeast Utah and northwest Colorado, every geologic system from Pennsylvanian through Tertiary contains oil- and gas-productive strata. Most of the larger oil and gas fields produce from folded stratigraphic traps. Except for production from fractured Tertiary and Cretaceous rocks, production is from porous sandstone reservoirs.  Potential for future development of large oil and gas reserves is estimated to be very good. Estimated ultimate recoverable reserves in excess of 3 billion bbl of oil and 5 trillion cu ft of gas are possible. Future production is expected to be largely from new fields and pools in the strata that are now productive. There is additional petroleum potential in Mississippian and Pennsylvanian carbonate rocks that are not yet productive in the area. Most of the new oil and gas probably will be found in stratigraphic traps in sandstone reservoirs. Deeper structural features, located by geophysical means, should reward the explorer with significant new reserves.

Tags: kmd
Geological Program to Provide a Characterization of Tight, Gas Bearing Reservoirs in the Rocky Mountain Region

In 1977, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Energy Research and Development Administration, initiated a geological program? designed to characterize natural gas resources in low-permeability (tight) reservoirs in the Rocky Mountain region. These reservoirs are present from depths of less than 2,000 feet to greater than 19,000 feet. The U.S. Geological Survey is now studying the areas and rock units that have the best resource potential in the region. These are the tight sandstone and siltstone reservoirs of early Tertiary and Late Cretaceous age i:n the Uinta, Piceance, and Greater Green River Basins, and Upper Cretaceous sandstone, siltstone, shale, and marl reservoirs in the northern Great Plains. The. Greater Green River Basin includes. the Green River Basin proper, and the Washakie, Great Divide, and Sand Wash Basins. The gas potential of tight, offshore-marine deposits of the northern Great Plains was first recognized by D. D. Rice. The purpose of the present investigation is to outline the distribution of lml-permeability gas-bearing formations, characterize the reservoirs, assist in improving the recovery technology, and provide a refined estimate of in-place gas resources. The amount of recoverable gas is dependent on economic factors and advancements in recovery technology. A wide variety of geological techniques is being used to resolve resource and recovery technology problems in tight gas sands. These techniques include studies in surface and subsurface stratigraphy, paleoenvironmental interpretation, geophysical borehole logging, computer processing of well history and geologic data, lineament analysis using earth-satellite imagery, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence, reservoir-rock petrography, pore-throat studies, core analysis, micropaleontology, organic geochemistry, thermal-maturation studies, borehole-gravimeter logging, subsurface-pressure mapping and hydrodynamic analysis.

Tags: kmd
EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY

Basic objective of the empirical study was to gather and synthesize sufficient data to facilitate: Development of an industry base case in EGR technology development - Identification of principal R&D activities, timeframes, etc. - Specification of the financial and economic criteria and decision process employed in the evaluation of prospective EGR projects Delineation of the major risks, uncertainties, and constraints to the timely and cost effective exploitation of nonconventional  resources by .the private sector Formulation of a comprehensive set of candidate Federal strategies for accelerating the exploitation of the nonconventional resources Procurement of specific industry recommendations  concerning a Federal program in EGR technology  envelopment.

Tags: kmd