AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Western Tight Sands

There is a very large resource of natural gas known to exist in Tight Sands in the U.S.A. Most of these formations have been identified in geologic basins west of the Mississippi river. Some gas sands ion eastern basins may in due course, be placed in this category. Gas resources found in the Devonian Shale in Appalachia and other eastern basins have been placed in a separate category. However, both Tight Sands and Devonian Shales resources require major advances in technology before large scale commercial development will l take place.

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Two-Dimensional Thermodynamic Model (Second Stage) of the In-Situ Underground Coal Gasification Process for the Linked Vertical Well Method in Eastern Thin-Seamed Coals

The methodology and results of determining cavity growth via a side wall burn model in underground coal gasification in Eastern, swelling coals is presented. Modeling techniques are still in preliminary stages but when perfected will aid in determining the feasibility of a particular site, dictate the design of the multi-well field pattern, and help control the product gas composition and cavity geometry during production. The computerized models generate a three-dimensional cavity based on the flow geometry and a two-dimensional boundary layer approach. The controlling mechanism for combustion is the diffusion of oxygen to the wall reaction zone, which appears to be controlled by the strong natural convection occurring in the large cavity. Specific results are presented for a simple, chemical energy balance Model IIA with specified wall and gas temperatures. Product gas composition and heating values are given, as well as reasonably good cavity comparisons with field tests at Hanna II, phase 2 in western, shrinking coals and predictions for the Pricetown I burn. Factors affecting the allowable flow rate schedule are found to be the cavity geometry, the oxygen diffusion rate to the reaction zone, and the remaining link zone flow resistance. Quantitative results are presented for Pricetown I. The complex wall-gas energy balance Models IIB and IIC are discussed in detail. The models include heat convection between wall and gas, radiation between walls, and conduction into the wall, as well as the chemical energy transfers. Applications of the model include the Hanna II, phase 2 field test and predictions for the Pricetown I field test. Results from the models with various boundary conditions are compared in an attempt to identify viable mechanisms. The lack of sufficient field test data and the minor effect of the various boundary conditions precludes any definitive conclusion at this time.

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Two-Dimensional Thermodynamic Model of In Situ Underground Coal Gasification of Eastern Thin-Seams Coals

The methodology and results of determining cavity growth via a side wall burn model in underground coal gasification in Eastern, swelling coals is presented. Modeling techniques are still in preliminary stages but when perfected will aid in determining the feasibility of a particular site, dictate the design of the multi-well field pattern, and help control the product gas composition and cavity geometry during production. The computerized models generate a three-dimensional cavity based on the flow geometry and a two-dimensional boundary layer approach. The controlling mechanism for combustion is the diffusion of oxygen to the wall reaction zone, which appears to be controlled by the strong natural convection occurring in the large cavity.

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SCHT #1 Garfield County, Colorado Well Completion Report

The objective for this well was to drill an 8-3/41f medium radius high angle  and horizontal well in Garfield County, Colorado. The wellbore was to be built to 60.5'inclination and hold for 1,700 ft , MD to traverse the Paludal interval of the Mesaverde formation. The design then called for the wellbore to be built to horizontal in the Cozzette formation. A total of 500 f t . of horizontal interval from the end of curve was planned. Also, several pressure and conventional cores were to be taken in both the Paludal and Cozzette intervals.

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CER CORPORATION SHCT #l SECTION 34, T6N, R94W GARFIELD COUNTY, COLORADO

The CER corporation well,SCHT#1 was located in Section 34,T6N,R94W of Garfield County, Colorado.  Data sheets for the samples are enclosed listing the following: Desorption time, gas volume, temperature, pressure, gas volume at STP, desorption rate, and cumulative gas volume. The samples were desorbed at room temperature until they stopped giving up gas and then they were raised to approximate formation temperature of 200 degrees Fahrenheit to finish desorption. Table #1 compares the desorption results and the gas content of the coal using the U.S. Bureau of Mines Direct Method, the Smith and Williams Method and the Decline Curve Method of lost gas calculations

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THERMOCHEMISTRY AND THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC NITROGEN AND DIHETEROATOM-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS

This status report provides a summary of research performed by the NIPER Thermodynamics Research Group as part of the Advanced Extraction and Process Technology (AEPT) program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy. Included are summaries of data acquired, a discussion of the utility of the data, and an updated assessment for future work.

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DOE/GRI  FIELD EXPERIMENTS IN WESTERN LOW PERMEABILI'IY GAS RESERVOIRS

The U.S. Department of Energy and the Gas Research Institute are sponsoring research in the production of natural gas from low permeability reservoirs in the western U.S., the so-called "tight gas sands." Work is concentrated in the areas of resource characterization and the development of technology to stimulate economic recovery of gas from these reservoirs. Key to the success of these programs is the conduct of field experiments to confirm results of laboratory investigations and to apply and evaluate new technologies.  Field tests of massive hydraulic fracturing conducted to date by DOE have been cost-shared with industry operators. Future emphasis will be directed toward fully government funded multi-well experiments. An integral portion of the program is the transfer of new technology wd test results to industry, in order to accelerate commercialization of the tight gas resource.

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Utah Coal Core Methane Description Project

The Utah Geological and Mineral Survey under a cooperative grant, DE-FG21-80MC14257 as amended, with the Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center has collected one hundred fifty two coal core samples for determination of methane content by the "Direct Method" These samples along with available samples from previous work have been examined petrographically to determine possible relationships with gas content. Reflectance, mineral analysis, fluorescence analysis, long proximate, and ultimate analyses have been determined.

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CER Corporation  SHCT-1 S.T.#1 Garfield County, Colorado Well Completion Report

The objective of this operation was to re-enter the SHCT-1 well , sidetrack and drill a medium radius high angle wellbore into the Cozzette sandstone. The sidetrack was designed to build to 15 degrees inclination and hold for approximately 2,000 1 with the direction set at 100 degrees azimuth, in order to depart as a distance from the original wellbore. The plan at this point was t o be just above the paludal Mesaverde interval . The next operation was to turn the well to 9.52 degrees azimuth while building t o 60 degrees inclination at a TVD of 7,157'. The next step was to drill a tangent section through the paludal Mesaverde 3 and 4 sandstones, Rollins sandstone and the Mancos tongue. The last curve was designed to turn the well due North and build to 86 degrees with a 500'tangent in the Cozzette sandstone. This well was drilled in the Rulison field located in Garfield County, Colorado.

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN MEOR PROCESS SIMULATOR FOR LABORATORY AND POROUS MEDIA STUDIES

The transport of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) in porous media governs many phenomena in bioremediation of environmental pollution problems and microbial enhanced oil recovery. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of microbes to modify reservoir heterogeneity and improve oil recovery. The transport of microorganisms in the subsurface formation is governed by many complicated physical, chemical, and biological phenomena, such as adsorption, interaction between microorganisms and substrate, and the growth and decay of cells. Little information exists concerning the transport, growth and metabolism of viable cells in subsurface environments. Some of the phenomena are still not well understood. This report will present our progress on development of a three-dimensional, three-phase, multiple-component numerical model to describe microbial transport phenomena in porous media.

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Inorganic Geochemistry of Devonian Shales in WV

Cuttings of thirty wells in western and southern West Virginia were analyzed for the major and minor elements: silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, potassium, calcium, sodium, titanium, phosphorus, manganese, sulfur, zinc and strontium. Geographic and stratigraphic trends were studied through statistical methods of factor analysis and trend surface analysis.

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Geological Classification of Domestic Light Oil Reservoirs

Of the total known domestic oil resource of over 500 billion barrels, approximately two-thirds will remain unrecovered in reservoirs at the completion of conventional production. One of the major constraints on the production of a portion of this oil is reservoir heterogeneity, considered to reflect the internal architecture of the reservoir, determines the flow paths by which oil can be recovered. It is widely held that these heterogeneities can be attributed to the deposition, digenesis, and structural deformation of the reservoir, or, collectively, the geologic history of the reservoir. Insofar as these geterogeneities and flowpaths can be better understood, more predictable and effective recovery processes can be designed.

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MULTICOMPONENT, MULTIPHASE FLOW IN POROUS MEDLA WITH TEMPERATURE VARIATION

Recovery of hydrocarbons from porous media is an ongoing concern. Advanced techniques augment conventional recovery methods by injecting fluids that favorably interact with the oil. These fluids interact with the oil by energy transfer, in the case of steam injection, or by mass transfer, as in a miscible gas flood. Often both thermal and compositional considerations are important. An understanding of these injection methods requires knowledge of how temperature variations, phase equilibrium and multiphase flow in porous media interact The material balance for each component and energy balance are cast as a system of non-strictly hyperbolic partial differential equations. This system of equations is solved using the method of characteristics. The model takes into account the phase behavior by using the Peng-Robinson equation of state to partition the individual components into different phases. Temperature effects are accounted for by the energy balance. Flow effects are modeled by using fractional flow curves and a Stone's three phase relative permeability model. Three major problems are studied in this dissertation. Each new problem adds an level of interaction to the solution before. The first problem eliminates the phase behavior aspect of the problem by studying the flow of a single component as it undergoes an isothermal phase change. The second problem couples the effects of temperature and flow behavior by including a second component that is immiscible with the original component. Finally, phase behavior is added by using a set of three partially miscible components that partition into two or three separate phases. Solutions for these equations are formed by spreading waves that propagate in space and time with a constant velocity. The spreading wave regions are connected by jump discontinuities or zones of constant state. The solutions are presented for the three example systems in the form of saturation or composition profiles and solution paths in the composition space. An analysis of the effect of varying some of the important parameters are also presented for each displacement system.

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High Efficiency Fossil Power Plants (HEFPP) Conceptualization Program

ERC has developed a fuel cell/turbine system that integrates the highly efficient baseline atmospheric pressure direct fuel cell with an unfired Brayton cycle running on fuel cell waste heat. System analyses have been done using performance projections based on the baseline studies. Based on these performance assumptions, an efficiency of about 71% has been projected, with 85% of the power coming from the fuel cell section and the balance from the turbine section. System calculations which indicate that LHV efficiencies close to 80% are possible in the longer term.

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TWO-PHASE FLOW IN TIGHT GAS SANDS

Analyses of 55 core samples from moderate to low-permeability sandstones in the Travis Peak Formation and underlying Cotton Valley Group in eastern Texas have been performed at IGT. Results of these analyses, as well as earlier work at IGT, demonstrate that tight gas sandstone is a distinct petrologic type, where unique correlations have been found between features of the pore geometry and matrix flow properties. Recognition and quantification of this relationship has led to an improved understanding of the nature of two-phase (gas water) fluid flow through these rocks. Relative permeability and critical gas saturation measurements on these samples revealed the need for improved laboratory techniques for handling tight rocks. Confining stress cycling and the method of establishing partial water saturations were found to be particularly important.

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Miscible Applied Simulation Techniques for Energy Recovery-VERSION 2.0

This User's Guide is meant to serve as a manual for users of the multicomponent, pseudomiscible simulator MASTER. In Section 2, "Model Overview," the development history of MASTER and the type of problems that can be simulated are discussed. In Section 3, "Data Preparation and Description," the required format for the input file is shown, while in Section 4, "Interpretation of Model Output," various output formats are shown. In Section 5, "Conventional Model Features," and in Section 6, "Special Model Features," certain options and calculations in the code that the user should know to make the correct choice of variable values and options are discussed. Lastly, Section 7, "Example Problems," validation runs and examples of correct input and output files are presented. The information contained in this manual should be sufficient for the user to complete a successful simulation run with MASTER. If the user would like detail on the mathematics of the code, refer to the accompanying Technical Manual.

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ACTIVITIES OF THE OIL IMPLEMENTATION TASK FORCE

The role of TORIS data and analysis in the work of the Task Force is to: ? Provide baseline data for the classification of reservoirs, the determination of urgency relative to abandonment, the geographic distribution of reservoirs, and the identification of applicable recovery processes. ? Provide baseline data to prioritize reservoir classes. ? Estimate the impact of research and development successes and failures on increasing the economic producibility of the known remaining oil resources in each reservoir class.

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OVERVIEW OF HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION IN CENOZOIC TECTONIC BASINS OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, U.S.A.

This report provides an overview of the intent, procedures, and results of oil and gas exploratory efforts in the Pacific Northwest. It is intended to serve as background material for an ongoing comprehensive evaluation of the petroleum potential of accreted terranes and associated tectonic basins of western Oregon and Washington by the united States Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center. To achieve this goal, the report provides a compilation of published material pertaining to the following topics: 1) regional tectonic framework, specifically the origin and subsequent deformation of potentially petroliferous basins; 2) regional sedimentologic framework, emphasizing the origin, nature, and distribution of source rocks and reservoir rocks; and 3) detailed descriptions of the history, geology, and hydrocarbon potential of the areas in which oil and gas have been sought.

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Western Gas Sands Project Plan Document FY 1981

A large resource of natural gas exists in low permeability (tight) reservoirs in the western United States that has not been economically producible because of low natural flow rates. The Western Gas Sands Project (WGSP) was initiated by the Department of Energy in 1977 to address this problem. Summarized below are specific WGSP problems/issues, the project's major accomplishments to date, and major activities planned for FY 1981.

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Strategic Plan for Enhanced Gas Recovery Volume 1 - Program Strategy

Natural gas, the nation's second most utilized fuel source, provides over one-quarter of the country's total energy requirements. The demand for natural gas increased significantly in the early 1970's and has remained constantly high at approximately 20 Tcf over the past few years. Domestic capacity to satisfy this demand, however, has declined. The effects of this decline were felt first through periodic curtailments and finally during the winter of 1976-1977 in the form of severe industrial disruption.

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SELECTION OF TEMPERATURES, SALINITIES, AND API GRAVITIES FOR LABORATORY SURFACTANT SCREENING STUDIES

A discussion contained in this report is about some of the parameters that are representative of U.S. petroleum reservoirs. Since the purpose of this work included determining limited ranges of values for these parameters (salinity, temperature, and API gravity) and suggesting useful values representative of U.S. reservoirs, an investigation into these parameters was conducted based on readily available sources. The purpose of this report is not to comprehensively analyze all aspects of these parameters and, thus, should not be considered as a comprehensive literature review.

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CORING , LOGGING , STIMULATION AND COMPLETION OF EGSP TENNESSEE NO. 9 WELL GRAINGER COUNTY, TENNESSEE

EGSP Tennessee No. 3 well is located in the Grainger County Industrial Park in Grainger County, Tennessee, at lat. 30?18?55?N, long. 53?24?33?W. This particular site was selected for the purpose of gathering geological information on the Chattanooga Shale and testing an exploration rationale for exploitation of the potential gas contained within the formation matrix and its fracture system. The proposed exploration rationale was based on the Chattanooga Shale being truncated by the Saltville Thrust fault, a structural setting which provides a geologically desirable site. This is due to the expected high frequency of naturally occurring, thrust-induced fractures ; such a high fracture density is an essential requirement for developing productive Devonian shale wells. Another geologic factor which supports the selection of this site is that approximately 180 ft of organic shale were encountered in the EGSP Tennessee No. 7 and EGSP Tennessee No. 8 test wells located a few miles away. Both of these wells exhibited high radioactivity in the Cleveland, Lower Huron, and Rhinestreet members of the Chattanooga Shale Formation.

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ANALYSIS OF HEAVY OILS: METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION TO CERRO NEGRO HEAVY PETROLEUM

The primary objective of the project was to determine the composition of Cerro Negro and other heavy (low API gravity) crude oils. Initially, existing analytical methodology for separation and analysis of conventional and heavy petroleum was evaluated through its application to Cerro Negro and other petroleum, as well as coal-derived syncrudes. Although selected methods and/or elements of methods performed well toward their given task, the need for an integrated scheme for systematic separation and analysis of very complex materials like Cerro Negro became apparent even in the early phases of the work. Thus, a major portion of the project became  development of such a scheme. Figure 1 shows the resulting sequence of separation and analysis steps developed. Because of its general applicability and documented performance on Cerro Negro and other crudes, the methodology depicted in the figure (described in detail in the accompanying chapters) represents the most significant product from the research. While some elements of the scheme consist of conventional techniques (e.g., distillation), others encompass significantly improved versions of earlier methods (e.g., nonaqueous ion exchange LC) or novel procedures (e.g., schemes 1-4).

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METHANE RECOVERY FROM MULTIPLE COAL SEAMS

The final revised draft of the Environmental Assessment was prepared and submitted in September 1979. After a contract was let to Tinney Drilling Company, site preparation along Puman Run was completed and wireline coring was begun  in September 1979. The Pennsylvania State Geological and Topographical Survey agreed to pay for the coring cost from 100 feet below the Upper Freeport Coal t o a total drilling depth through the Pottsville Formation at approximately 1550 feet.

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Tight Gas Sand Inventory of Wyoming

Domestic production of natural gas in the United States and Canada has declined approximately five trillion cubic feet during the past decade (Fig. 1 In the future, the rate of decline is expected to continue, but may be offset to some extent by new production from unconventional sources. Wyoming's natural gas production has fluctuated over the past decade, but is expected to increase substantially during the 1980's due to new discoveries of large reservoirs in the Overthrust Belt, Wind River and Green River basins (Fig. 2 ).

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THE GEOLOGY OF THE DEEP COAL IN IOWA

A study of the geology of the deep coal in Iowa was undertaken to investigate coal occurrence beneath 80% of the area underlain by Pennsylvanian sediments. The U.S. Bureau of Mines sponsored the research in order to obtain more information on the nature and extent of coal deposits within this region. To date most of the available information on coal occurrence in Iowa pertains to about 20% of the shallow coal bearing area occurring in a northwest-southeast trending zone about 30 miles wide bordering both sides of the Des Moines River where it traverses the lowermost Pennsylvanian sediments. Both areas are shown in Figure 1.

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Rock Mechanics Studies Related to Massive Hydraulic Fracturing of GPE Natural Buttes Well NO. 21

Terra Tek performed laboratory tests in support of a DOE/Gas Producing Enterprise (GPE) joint project for stimulation of the Wasatch and Mesa Verde sandstone in Natural Buttes Well No. 21 located in the Bitter Creek field, Uintah County, Utah. Massive hydraulic fractures were planned to stimulate gas production. Laboratory test data analyses were directed towards optimizing three separate fractures, one in the Wasatch pay sand and one each in two different pay sands in the Mesa Verde formation.

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COAL MINE NATURAL GAS POWER GENERATION

Based on the production analyses, a well needed to be chosen for sitting of the  demonstration unit. Major considerations for well selection were to be gas quality, quantity, consistency and well life. A single engine would require up to 25 MCFD of methane. All of the gob wells at the Cambria Mine provide at least this amount of methane. They are generally shut in if they drop below minimum of 25% methane concentration. The total flow generally stays above the 25 MCFD level until this minimum is reached. The search then boiled down to finding a well which would remain on line long enough to provide fuel for the duration of testing. Gob Well 175-B had been on line for nearly a year and had indications of being a fairly constant source of fuel for the  demonstration. The site had been selected, it only remained to build the engine generator unit.

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