AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Congenital Syphilis Rate

This indicator provides information about the congenital syphilis infection rate (diagnosed infections per 100,000 live births). Data are only available for Los Angeles County overall, Service Planning Areas, and Supervisorial Districts. In recent years, Los Angeles County has experienced a steady increase in the rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including congenital syphilis, a trend that has also been seen nationally. Congenital syphilis is a serious and often life-threatening condition that can develop in infants whose mothers are not fully treated for syphilis. As with other STIs, congenital syphilis rates are much higher in some communities than in others, with low-income communities and communities of color most severely impacted. Cities, community organizations, faith-based institutions, and businesses can play an important role in supporting efforts to prevent these infections. For example, they can help promote sexual health education campaigns, support condom distribution programs, and foster efforts to reduce stigmatization of and discrimination against groups most at risk of these infections. In addition, community providers can help by assisting at-risk groups in accessing prevention programs, testing, and treatment services, including partner notification and treatment. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Children with Easy Access to a Safe Place to Play

Data for cities, communities, and City of Los Angeles Council Districts were generated using a small area estimation method which combined the survey data with population benchmark data (2022 population estimates for Los Angeles County) and neighborhood characteristics data (e.g., U.S. Census Bureau, 2017-2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates). This indicator is based on caregiver report. Parks, playgrounds, and other safe places are vital community assets that provide spaces where children can engage in physical activity and build critical cognitive, social, and emotional skills through peer interactions and play. They also serve as spaces where all members of a community can gather and socialize, thereby promoting community cohesion. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Households with Limited English Proficiency

Households were identified as being limited English proficient if all members of the household ages 14 years and older spoke English less than very well based on self-reported data. Individuals with limited English proficiency can face significant language barriers that can make it difficult for them to navigate various social systems, such as educational institutions, or access essential services, such as health insurance, healthcare, or food assistance programs. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Population in Households with Food Insecurity

Data for cities, communities, and City of Los Angeles Council Districts were generated using a small area estimation method which combined the survey data with population benchmark data (2022 population estimates for Los Angeles County) and neighborhood characteristics data (e.g., U.S. Census Bureau, 2017-2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates). Households experiencing food insecurity are defined as those with low food security or very low food security in the last 12 months. Food insecurity is assessed by a scaled variable created from a series of five questions. Food insecurity, or the inability to reliably afford or access sufficient quantities of healthy food, affects hundreds of thousands of low-income households in Los Angeles County. Increasing enrollment in food assistance programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (known as [CalFresh] in California) or the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (better known as [WIC]) is an important measure that cities and communities can take to combat food insecurity. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Medically Underserved Areas/Populations

This indicator provides information about [ medically underserved areas and/or populations (MUA/Ps)], as determined by the federal Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). Each designated area includes multiple census tracts. State Primary Care Offices submit applications to HRSA to designate specific areas within counties as MUA/Ps. The MUA/P designation is made using the Index of Medical Underservice (IMU) score, which includes four components: provider per 1,000 population, percent of population under poverty, percent of population ages 65 years and older, and infant mortality rate. The IMU scores ranges from 0-100. Lower scores indicate higher needs. An IMU score of 62 or below qualifies for designation as an MUA/P. Note: if an area is not designated as an MUA/P, it does not mean it is not underserved, only that an application has not been filed for the area and that official designation has not been given. The MUAs within Los Angeles County consist of groups of urban census tracts (namely service areas). MUPs have a shortage of primary care health services for a specific population within a geographic area. These populations may face economic, cultural, or language barriers to health care, such as: people experiencing homelessness, people who are low-income, people who are eligible for Medicaid, Native Americans, or migrant farm workers. All the MUPs that have been designated within Los Angeles County are among low-income populations of selected census tract groups. Due to the nature of the designation process, a census tract may be designated as both an MUA and an MUP and as multiple MUAs. MUA/P designations help establish health maintenance organizations or community health centers in high-need areas. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Median Household Income

Includes median household income in the past twelve months (in 2022 inflation-adjusted dollars). Geography-specific median household income are calculated as the population-weighted averages of the median household incomes within their respective 2020 census tracts. Median household income is defined as the amount that divides the household income distribution of a population into two equal groups; half of the population has a household income above that amount, whereas the other half has a household income below that amount. Household income is an important driver of life expectancy and other health outcomes, as individuals with higher household incomes, on average, experience better health and live longer than individuals with lower household incomes. This is largely due to increased access to opportunities, resources, and healthier living conditions that higher income individuals experience compared to lower income individuals. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Motor Vehicle Crash Mortality

This indicator provides information about the mortality rate from motor vehicle crashes and traffic-related injuries, including among pedestrians. Death rate has been age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Single-year data are only available for Los Angeles County overall, Service Planning Areas, Supervisorial Districts, City of Los Angeles overall, and City of Los Angeles Council Districts. Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death from unintentional injury both in Los Angeles County and in the US. While many factors contribute to motor vehicle crash mortality, the built environment plays a critical role. Communities that are exposed to heavy traffic or that lack adequate walking infrastructure for pedestrians have higher rates of motor vehicle crash-related injuries and deaths. They are also more impacted by traffic-related environmental hazards, such as vehicle emissions and air pollution. In Los Angeles County, many of these communities are also home to a large number of low-income residents. Thus, motor vehicle crash mortality can be viewed as an environmental justice issue. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Adults Who Binge Drink

Data for cities, communities, and City of Los Angeles Council Districts were generated using a small area estimation method which combined the survey data with population benchmark data (2022 population estimates for Los Angeles County) and neighborhood characteristics data (e.g., U.S. Census Bureau, 2017-2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates). This indicator is based on self-report. Binge drinking is defined as drinking 4 or more drinks for females and 5 or more drinks for males on one occasion at least one time in the past month. Binge drinking is a serious but preventable public health issue. It is the most common and costly pattern of excessive alcohol use in the US. Excessive alcohol use is associated with numerous health, safety, and social problems, including chronic diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, hypertension, and certain cancers; unintentional injuries, such as motor-vehicle traffic crashes, falls, drowning, burns, or firearm injuries; interpersonal violence, such as child maltreatment, homicide, and suicide; fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; alcohol use disorders; and weakened interpersonal relationships and ability to function at work, school, or home. In general, people with higher socioeconomic status (SES) report drinking more frequently and more heavily than those with lower SES; however, people with lower SES are on average more negatively affected by alcohol-related harms. It is important for cities and communities to build strategies that create environments that reduce excessive alcohol use and prevent underage drinking. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Colorectal Cancer Mortality

Death rate has been age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Single-year data are only available for Los Angeles County overall, Service Planning Areas, Supervisorial Districts, City of Los Angeles overall, and City of Los Angeles Council Districts. Being physically active and eating a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and fiber can reduce the risk of colon cancer. Promoting healthy food retail and access to preventive care services are important measures that cities and communities can take to prevent colon cancer. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Children Ever Diagnosed with Asthma

Data for cities, communities, and City of Los Angeles Council Districts were generated using a small area estimation method which combined the survey data with population benchmark data (2022 population estimates for Los Angeles County) and neighborhood characteristics data (e.g., U.S. Census Bureau, 2017-2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates). This indicator is based on caregiver report. Living in poor quality housing can increase exposure to environmental hazards, such as lead, molds, and cockroaches. Exposure to molds and cockroaches can worsen underlying respiratory conditions such as asthma in children. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Adults Who Use Alcohol

Data for cities, communities, and City of Los Angeles Council Districts were generated using a small area estimation method which combined the survey data with population benchmark data (2022 population estimates for Los Angeles County) and neighborhood characteristics data (e.g., U.S. Census Bureau, 2017-2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates). This indicator is based on self-report and includes adults who had at least one drink of any alcoholic beverage (such as beer, wine, or liquor) in the past month. In the US, alcohol use is legal for those ages 21 years and older and should be avoided or used in moderation (defined as consuming two or less drinks per day for men or one or less drinks per day for women). Excessive alcohol use includes binge drinking, heavy drinking, any underage alcohol use, and any alcohol use by pregnant persons. Alcohol use is associated with numerous health, safety, and social problems, including chronic diseases, unintentional injuries, interpersonal violence, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, alcohol use disorders, and weakened interpersonal relationships and ability to function at work, school, or home. In general, people with higher socioeconomic status (SES) report drinking more frequently and more heavily than those with lower SES; however, people with lower SES are on average more negatively affected by alcohol-related harms. It is important for cities and communities to build strategies that create environments that reduce excessive alcohol use and prevent underage drinking. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Children with Medi-Cal

Data are for noninstitutionalized civilian population. Medi-Cal is California’s Medicaid health insurance program. It is an important program that provides health insurance coverage for qualifying low-income individuals, families with children, seniors, persons with disabilities, pregnant persons, and low-income people with specific health conditions (e.g., tuberculosis, breast cancer, or HIV/AIDS). It is supported by federal and state taxes. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Children Enrolled in Preschool

This indicator provides information about the percentage of children ages 3-4 years enrolled in preschool based on caregiver report. Access to early childhood education (i.e., education before the age of 5 years) is associated with numerous health benefits later in life. For instance, young children who are enrolled in high quality preschool programs are more likely to graduate from high school, have higher paying jobs, own homes, and have improved cognitive function than children who are not enrolled. All these additional advantages can increase average life expectancy. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Population in Close Proximity to a Supermarket or Grocery Store

Close proximity is defined as living within a half mile for urban populations and within ten miles for rural populations. Living near a grocery store or supermarket can directly impact food security, be cost-effective, and lead to a healthier diet. Poor diet has contributed to our current obesity epidemic and is a major risk factor for heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and many other chronic health conditions. It can be very challenging for people to have a healthy diet if they have limited access to nutritious and affordable food options. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Children Living Below 100% of the Federal Poverty Level

The Federal Poverty Level (FPL) is a measure of poverty issued every year by the US Department of Health and Human Services. The 2022 FPL thresholds for a family of four correspond to annual incomes of $27,750 (100% FPL), $55,500 (200% FPL), and $83,250 (300% FPL). The Federal Poverty Level is used to determine eligibility for certain programs and benefits. Across the US, including in Los Angeles County, children represent the largest age group of individuals experiencing poverty. While poverty exerts negative impacts across the lifespan, childhood poverty is of particular concern. Children living in poverty are not only at higher risk for developmental delays, chronic illness, lead exposure, and food and housing insecurity, but they are also more likely to experience poverty into adulthood, which perpetuates generational cycles of poverty. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Adults Meeting the Recommended Guidelines for Physical Activity

Data for cities, communities, and City of Los Angeles Council Districts were generated using a small area estimation method which combined the survey data with population benchmark data (2022 population estimates for Los Angeles County) and neighborhood characteristics data (e.g., U.S. Census Bureau, 2017-2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates). The current Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans is issued by the US Department of Health and Human Services. To meet physical activity guidelines, adults must meet aerobic physical activity guidelines (vigorous activity for at least 75 minutes a week, or moderate activity for at least 150 minutes a week, or a combination of vigorous and moderate activity for at least 150 minutes a week) and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines (exercise all major muscle groups on 2 or more days a week). Physical inactivity contributes to our current obesity epidemic and is a major risk factor for heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and many other chronic health conditions. It can be difficult for people to be physically active if their communities do not have available and safe places for recreation. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Adults Meeting the Recommended Guidelines for Fruit and Vegetable Intake

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is established by the US Department of Health and Human Services and the US Department of Agriculture. The recommended guidelines are 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables a day. It can be very challenging for people to have a healthy diet if community access to nutritious and affordable food options is limited. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Children Living Below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level

The Federal Poverty Level (FPL) is a measure of poverty issued every year by the US Department of Health and Human Services. The 2022 FPL thresholds for a family of four correspond to annual incomes of $27,750 (100% FPL), $55,500 (200% FPL), and $83,250 (300% FPL). The Federal Poverty Level is used to determine eligibility for certain programs and benefits. Across the US, including in Los Angeles County, children represent the largest age group of individuals experiencing poverty. While poverty exerts negative impacts across the lifespan, childhood poverty is of particular concern. Children living in poverty are not only at higher risk for developmental delays, chronic illness, lead exposure, and food and housing insecurity, but they are also more likely to experience poverty into adulthood, which perpetuates generational cycles of poverty. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Population Living Below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level

The Federal Poverty Level is a measure of poverty issued every year by the US Department of Health and Human Services. The 2022 FPL thresholds for a family of four correspond to annual incomes of $27,750 (100% FPL), $55,500 (200% FPL), and $83,250 (300% FPL). The Federal Poverty Level is used to determine eligibility for certain programs and benefits. Living in poverty has a profound impact on health and wellbeing. People living in poverty are at high risk for economic hardship, housing insecurity, food insecurity, chronic stress, and inadequate access to healthcare. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Drug Overdose Mortality

This indicator includes unintentional overdoses, homicides, and suicides from drug overdose. Death rate has been age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. ICD-10 codes used to identify drug overdose related deaths are X40-X44, X60-X64, X85, and Y10-Y14. Drug overdose deaths have increased dramatically in the US over the past two decades. The first wave of deaths in the 1990s largely involved prescription opioids and was a consequence of increased prescribing of these drugs by medical providers. In the second wave that began in 2010, there was a rapid increase in the number of deaths involving heroin and, in the current wave that started in 2013, there has been a rise in the number of overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids, particularly illicitly manufactured fentanyl, which can be found in combination with heroin, counterfeit pills, cocaine, and other drugs. In Los Angeles County in recent years, the vast majority of all drug overdose deaths have involved fentanyl. Important inequities have been noted by sociodemographic characteristics, with low-income and Black individuals found to have the highest overdose death rates. Cities and communities can take an active role in preventing overdose deaths by promoting primary prevention and supporting evidence-based harm reduction and treatment strategies. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Early Syphilis Rate

This indicator provides information about the early syphilis incidence rate (diagnosed infections per 100,000 population). Early syphilis includes cases staged as primary, secondary or early non-primary, non-secondary (previously referred to as early latent). These are infections that have occurred within the past 12 months. Early syphilis cases represent new infections. In recent years, Los Angeles County has experienced a steady increase in the rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including syphilis, a trend that has also been seen nationally. Untreated syphilis infection can cause damage to the heart, brain, eyes, ears, and other organs in the body, leading to serious illness or even death. As with other STIs, syphilis rates are much higher in some communities than in others, with low-income communities, communities of color, and gay, bisexual, and transgender communities most severely impacted. Cities, community organizations, faith-based institutions, and businesses can play an important role in supporting efforts to prevent these infections. For example, they can help promote sexual health education campaigns, support condom distribution programs, and foster efforts to reduce stigmatization of and discrimination against groups most at risk of these infections. In addition, community providers can help by assisting at-risk groups in accessing prevention programs, testing, and treatment services, including partner notification and treatment. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]
Children Whose Caregivers Report Difficulty Finding Needed Childcare

This indicator includes children whose caregivers reported it is somewhat or very difficult to get childcare on a regular basis when needed. Children who attend a kindergarten and children who do not need childcare were excluded from data analyses. Access to high-quality, affordable childcare can help provide employment stability and reduce financial hardship and parental stress. Quality childcare has also been shown to have both short- and long-term positive effects on children’s cognitive, biological, and social development. For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the [initiative homepage.]