COVID-19 Vulnerability and Recovery Index

The COVID-19 Vulnerability and Recovery Index uses Tract and ZIP Code-level data* to identify California communities most in need of immediate and long-term pandemic and economic relief. Specifically, the Index is comprised of three components — Risk, Severity, and Recovery Need with the last scoring the ability to recover from the health, economic, and social costs of the pandemic. Communities with higher Index scores face a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and death and a longer uphill economic recovery. Conversely, those with lower scores are less vulnerable. The Index includes one overarching Index score as well as a score for each of the individual components. Each component includes a set of indicators we found to be associated with COVID-19 risk, severity, or recovery in our review of existing indices and independent analysis. The Risk component includes indicators related to the risk of COVID-19 infection. The Severity component includes indicators designed to measure the risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19. The Recovery Need component includes indicators that measure community needs related to economic and social recovery. The overarching Index score is designed to show level of need from Highest to Lowest with ZIP Codes in the Highest or High need categories, or top 20th or 40th percentiles of the Index, having the greatest need for support. The Index was originally developed as a [statewide tool] but has been adapted to LA County for the purposes of the Board motion. To distinguish between the LA County Index and the original Statewide Index, we refer to the revised Index for LA County as the LA County ARPA Index. *Zip Code data has been crosswalked to Census Tract using HUD methodology Indicators within each component of the LA County ARPA Index are: Risk: Individuals without U.S. citizenship; Population Below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL); Overcrowded Housing Units; Essential Workers Severity: Asthma Hospitalizations (per 10,000); Population Below 200% FPL; Seniors 75 and over in Poverty; Uninsured Population; Heart Disease Hospitalizations (per 10,000); Diabetes Hospitalizations (per 10,000) Recovery Need: Single-Parent Households; Gun Injuries (per 10,000); Population Below 200% FPL; Essential Workers; Unemployment; Uninsured Population Data are sourced from US Census American Communities Survey (ACS) and the OSHPD Patient Discharge Database. For ACS indicators, the tables and variables used are as follows: ─────────────────────────┬─────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────── Indicator │ACS Table/Years │Numerator │Denominator ─────────────────────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────── Non-US Citizen │B05001, 2019-2023│b05001_006e │b05001_001e ─────────────────────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────── Below 200% FPL │S1701, 2019-2023 │s1701_c01_042e │s1701_c01_001e ─────────────────────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────── Overcrowded Housing Units│B25014, 2019-2023│b25014_006e + b25014_007e + b25014_012e + b25014_013e │b25014_001e ─────────────────────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────── Essential Workers │S2401, 2019-2023 │s2401_c01_005e + s2401_c01_011e + s2401_c01_013e + s2401_c01_015e + s2401_c01_019e + s2401_c01_020e + s2401_c01_023e + s2401_c01_024e + s2401_c01_029e + s2401_c01_033e│s2401_c01_001 ─────────────────────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────── Seniors 75+ in Poverty │B17020, 2019-2023│b17020_008e + b17020_009e │b17020_008e + b17020_009e + b17020_016e + b17020_017e ─────────────────────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────── Uninsured │S2701, 2019-2023 │s2701_c05_001e │NA, rate published in source table ─────────────────────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────── Single-Parent Households │S1101, 2019-2023 │s1101_c03_005e + s1101_c04_005e │s1101_c01_001e ─────────────────────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────── Unemployment │S2301, 2019-2023 │s2301_c04_001e │NA, rate published in source table ─────────────────────────┴─────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────── The remaining indicators are based data requested and received by Advancement Project CA from the OSHPD Patient Discharge database. Data are based on records aggregated at the ZIP Code level: ──────────────────────────────────┬─────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Indicator │Years │Definition │Denominator ──────────────────────────────────┼─────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Asthma Hospitalizations │2017-2019│All ICD 10 codes under J45 (under Principal Diagnosis) │American Community Survey, 2015-2019, 5-Year Estimates, Table DP05 ──────────────────────────────────┼─────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Gun Injuries │2017-2019│Principal/Other External Cause Code "Gun Injury" with a Disposition not "Died/Expired". ICD 10 Code Y38.4 and all codes under X94, W32, W33, W34, X72, X73, X74, X93, X95, Y22, Y23, Y35 [All listed codes with 7th digit "A" for initial encounter]│American Community Survey, 2015-2019, 5-Year Estimates, Table DP05 ──────────────────────────────────┼─────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Heart Disease Hospitalizations │2017-2019│ICD 10 Code I46.2 and all ICD 10 codes under I21, I22, I24, I25, I42, I50 (under Principal Diagnosis) │American Community Survey, 2015-2019, 5-Year Estimates, Table DP05 ──────────────────────────────────┼─────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Diabetes (Type 2) Hospitalizations│2017-2019│All ICD 10 codes under E11 (under Principal Diagnosis) │American Community Survey, 2015-2019, 5-Year Estimates, Table DP05 ──────────────────────────────────┴─────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── For more information about this dataset, please contact [egis@isd.lacounty.gov].