AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
2021 State of the Environment Report Marine Chapter – Expert Assessment – Pressure – Offshore renewable energy generation

The Marine chapter of the 2021 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Expert Assessment "Pressure of Offshore renewable energy generation". 
<strong><em>A PDF of the full Expert Assessment, including figures and tables (where provided) is downloadable in the "On-line Resources" section of this record as "EXPERT ASSESSMENT 2021 - Offshore Renewable Energy Generation"</em></strong>



DESCRIPTION OF PRESSURE
Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) is yet to be deployed at scale in Australia. To date, only small scale (&lt;500 kW) experimental / prototype wave and tidal technologies have been deployed. Offshore wind is a commercial industry internationally, not yet deployed here. Several development proposals for large offshore wind farms (&gt;100 MW) are progressing, with the most mature proposal being offshore eastern Victoria, currently undergoing environmental assessments under a Commonwealth exploration license.

DATA STREAM(S) USED IN EXPERT ASSESSMENT
Given the limited deployments in Australian waters, data used in the assessment is inferred from international assessments.



2021 SOE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY [see attached Expert Assessment for full details]

• 2021 •
Assessment grade: Very low
Assessment trend: Unclear
Confidence grade: Limited evidence or limited consensus
Confidence trend: Evidence and consensus too low to make an assessment
Comparability: Grade and trend are comparable to the 2016 assessment
• 2016 •
Assessment grade: Very low
Assessment trend: Unclear
Confidence grade: Limited evidence or limited consensus
Confidence trend: Evidence and consensus too low to make an assessment
Comparability: Grade and trend are comparable to the 2011 assessment
• 2011 •
Assessment grade: Very low
Assessment trend: Unclear
Confidence grade: Limited evidence or limited consensus
Confidence trend: Evidence and consensus too low to make an assessment



CHANGES SINCE 2016 SOE ASSESSMENT
No change

Tags: anthropogenic pressures, expert assessment, renewable energy
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
A flora, vegetation and floristic survey of the Burrup Peninsula with adjoining areas and part of Dampier Archipelago,

Former Department of Resources Development commissioned a vegetation survey of the Burrup Peninsula to improve knowledge of flora and vegetation communities.
Flora, vegetation and floristic survey for the assessment of the conservation values, including placing the vegetation and flora in a wider context by comparing floristics with areas on the adjoining mainland.

Tags: Biosphere | Ecological Dynamics | Community Structure, Biosphere | Vegetation | Vegetation Species, Field Surveys | Biological Surveys, Flora, Geology, Habitat, Land Surface | Soils, Land Surface | Topography, Marine Features (Australia) | Burrup Peninsula, WA, Marine Features (Australia) | Dampier Archipelago, WA, Marine Features (Australia) | Pilbara Coast, WA, Oceans | Marine Biology | Marine Habitat, Rare
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
2021 State of the Environment Report Marine Chapter – Expert Assessment – Pressure – Climate and system variability

The Marine chapter of the 2021 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Expert Assessment "Pressure of Climate and System Variability". 
<strong><em>A PDF of the full Expert Assessment, including figures and tables (where provided) is downloadable in the "On-line Resources" section of this record as "EXPERT ASSESSMENT 2021 - Pressure – Climate and System Variability"</em></strong>



DESCRIPTION OF PRESSURE
Climate and the marine environment vary on multiple temporal and spatial scales. This variability results in seasonal, inter-annual, decadal and longer changes to water temperature (e.g. Figure 1), rainfall patterns affecting ocean salinity, and surface winds, oceanic currents and tidal regimes which can influence the degree of vertical mixing through the water column.  Collectively, these changes also propagate from the physical environment up the food chain.

DATA STREAM(S) USED IN EXPERT ASSESSMENT
Published papers and reports on climate variability.



2021 SOE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY [see attached Expert Assessment for full details]

• 2021 •
Assessment grade: High impact
Assessment trend: Deteriorating
Confidence grade: Adequate high quality evidence or high level of consensus
Confidence trend: Adequate high quality evidence or high level of consensus
Comparability: Comparable
• 2016 •
Assessment grade: Low impact
Assessment trend: Unclear
Confidence grade: Adequate high quality evidence or high level of consensus
Confidence trend: Adequate high quality evidence or high level of consensus
Comparability: Not previously assessed
• 2011 •
N/A



CHANGES SINCE 2016 SOE ASSESSMENT
The assessed state and trend of this pressure has increased from low/stable in 2016 to high/increasing for 2021 based on research documenting a trend for overall higher extremes of impacts associated with climate variability over the reporting period that is expected to continue.

Tags: climate variability, expert assessment
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection: University of Texas

The Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection (PCL 1.306) is a general collection of more than 250,000 maps covering all areas of the world. Many of the maps are included in the University of Texas Library Catalog. More than 11,000 map images from the collection are also available online via this link. Maps were produced by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, unless otherwise indicated. Maps dated 1976 were taken from The Indian Ocean Atlas, published by the Central Intelligence Agency.

Tags: Land Surface | Topography | Contours, Land Surface | Topography | Landforms, Land Surface | Topography | Terrain Elevation, Oceans | Bathymetry | Seafloor Topography, WORLD OCEAN, historical maps, geologic maps, scientific maps, topographic maps, thematic maps, flood maps, city m, topography
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
2021 State of the Environment Report Marine Chapter – Expert Assessment – State and Trend – Inner shelf (0-30 m) – reef fish species

The Marine chapter of the 2021 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Expert Assessment "State and Trend of inner shelf (0-30 m) – reef fish species". 
<strong><em>A PDF of the full Expert Assessment, including figures and tables (where provided) is downloadable in the "On-line Resources" section of this record as "EXPERT ASSESSMENT 2021 - Inner shelf (0-30 m) – reef fish species"</em></strong>



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES/HABITAT/COMMUNITY/PROCESS FOR EXPERT ASSESSMENT
Bony and cartilaginous fish assemblages found on coastal rocky and coral reefs &lt;30 m depth around the Australian continent, including both exploited and unexploited species.

DATA STREAM(S) USED IN EXPERT ASSESSMENT
Underwater visual census data from Reef Life Survey, the Australian Institute of Marine Science, and the Australian Temperate Reef Collaboration. National synoptic change (mean 2011-2015 period vs mean 2016-2020 period) and 18 long-term monitoring locations spread nationally. See national reefs case study for details.



2021 SOE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY [see attached Expert Assessment for full details]

• 2021 •
Assessment grade: Poor
Assessment trend: Highly variable among species
Confidence grade: Adequate
Confidence trend: Adequate
Comparability: High. This is the second sequential assessment based on standardised quantitative data from the same sources.
• 2016 •
Assessment grade: Poor
Assessment trend: Deteriorating
Confidence grade: Adequate high quality evidence and high level of consensus
Confidence trend: Adequate high quality evidence and high level of consensus
Comparability: Grade and trend are somewhat comparable to the 2011 assessment
• 2011 •
Assessment grade: Poor
Assessment trend: Stable
Confidence grade: Limited evidence or limited consensus
Confidence trend: Limited evidence or limited consensus



CHANGES SINCE 2016 SOE ASSESSMENT
not supplied

Tags: community structure, expert assessment, fish, inner shelf
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
2021 State of the Environment Report Marine Chapter – Expert Assessment – Pressure – Indigenous commercial fishing

The Marine chapter of the 2021 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Expert Assessment "Pressure of Indigenous Commercial Fishing". 
<strong><em>A PDF of the full Expert Assessment, including figures and tables (where provided) is downloadable in the "On-line Resources" section of this record as "EXPERT ASSESSMENT 2021 - Pressure – Indigenous Commercial Fishing"</em></strong>



DESCRIPTION OF PRESSURE
For the purposes of this assessment Indigenous commercial fishing relates to the participation of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples in commercial fisheries for diverse purposes, including economic, social, cultural and environmental.  Across the Australian context, Indigenous commercial fishing may often be interchangeable with cultural fisheries or Indigenous fisheries.  Cultural fisheries, for example, can offer the discourse and branding of Indigenous wild-catch industry based upon ancient traditions (Lee, 2019).  However, cultural commercial fisheries are not dependent on how ‘cultural’ an activity is, rather it is a recognition of the identity and variety of experiences that Indigenous fishers bring to their commercial activities (Smyth et al., 2018). 
Given the spread of commercial fisheries around Australia’s coastline, it could be assumed that the spread of Indigenous commercial fisheries is similarly reflected. As the population of Indigenous people in Australia is small, it could be assumed that the level of impact on fish stocks must be much lower than the non-indigenous component of commercial fisheries.

DATA STREAM(S) USED IN EXPERT ASSESSMENT
The information used in the assessment was based insightful statements from reports and articles on Australian Indigenous commercial fishing. 



2021 SOE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY [see attached Expert Assessment for full details]

• 2021 •
Assessment grade: Low impact
Assessment trend: Unclear
Confidence grade: Limited
Confidence trend: Unclear
Comparability: Not previously assessed
• 2016 •
N/A
• 2011 •
N/A



CHANGES SINCE 2016 SOE ASSESSMENT
Not previously assessed.

Tags: anthropogenic pressure, environmental impact, expert assessment, indigenous commercial fishing
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
2021 State of the Environment Report Marine Chapter – Case Study - Management of shared marine biodiversity values

The Marine chapter of the 2021 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Case Study "Management of shared marine biodiversity values". 
<strong><em>A PDF of the full Case Study, including figures and tables (where provided) is downloadable in the "On-line Resources" section of this record as "CASE STUDY 2021 – Management of shared marine biodiversity values"</em></strong>



DESCRIPTION OF THE CASE STUDY
Australian waters are part of national, regional and global ecosystems. Turtles that nest in Australia feed in many parts of the Indo-Pacific, baleen whales that breed in Australian waters also spend time in the open ocean and the waters of several other countries (Figure 1) while some fish and shark species move between Australian waters and those adjacent frequently to forage and breed. The status of many marine species of interest to Australia thus depends on actions taken by other countries. Within Australia, Indigenous, recreational and commercial users of marine resources value marine species for quite different reasons, while different the Commonwealth, States and Territories often have different goals and processes to manage them, reflecting their different jurisdictional responsibilities.



[see attached Case Study for more]

DATA STREAM(S) USED IN CASE STUDY
Synthesis of literature published, and expert knowledge of the case study authors.

Tags: biodiversity values, case study, marine management, state of the environment (SoE)
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Elizabeth and Middleton Reef bathymetry survey (GA4848)

This resource includes bathymetry data for Elizabeth and  Middleton Reef within Lord Howe Marine Park collected by Geoscience Australia during the period 31 January to 6 February 2020 on the Australian Maritime College vessel, TV Bluefin. 
The survey was undertaken as a collaborative project funded through the National Environmental Science Program Marine Biodiversity Hub, with the Institute for Marine &amp; Antarctic Studies (University of Tasmania), NSW Department of Primary Industries, University of Sydney (Centre for Field Robotics) and Parks Australia. 
The purpose of the survey was to collect baseline information for benthic habitats within the National Park Zone (Middleton Reef) and Recreational Use Zone (Elizabeth Reef) of the marine park. 
These data will support ongoing environmental monitoring within the Temperate East Marine Park Network as part of the 10-year management plan (2018-2028). 
Data acquisition for the project included seabed mapping using multibeam sonar (Kongsberg EM 2040C HD, 300 kHz), seabed imagery acquisition by Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV Sirius), sediment samples (grab) and imagery of demersal fish communities by baited remote underwater video (BRUV). 
This dataset comprises two bathymetry grids derived from multibeam sonar data gridded at 5 m spatial resolution, covering a combined area of 312 km2 including the transit.
A detailed report on the survey is provided in: Carroll, A et al. 2020. Australian Marine Park Baseline and Monitoring Survey: Post Survey Report, Middleton and Elizabeth Reefs, Lord Howe Marine Park. Report to the National Environmental Science Program, Marine Biodiversity Hub.
This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes.
This dataset is published with the permission of the CEO, Geoscience Australia

Tags: AusSeabed, Bathymetric grids, Bathymetry, Marine, Multibeam, Published_Internal
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Victorian Water Measurement Information System

The Victorian Water Measurement Information System is the primary access point to search, discover, access and download surface water and groundwater monitoring data collected by DELWP and its partners.

The site gives access to both raw and summary data on water quality and quantity throughout Victoria, and is a central repository for published documents produced from this data.

Data currently being collated includes information on groundwater management areas, streamflow management plan boundaries, water supply protection areas and sustainable diversion limit catchments. Some of these data layers will be downloadable, either as a shapefile for input into a GIS or as an excel file for analysis.

Tags: Biosphere | Aquatic Habitat | Estuarine Habitat, Biosphere | Aquatic Habitat | Lakes, Biosphere | Aquatic Habitat | Rivers/stream Habitat, Biosphere | Wetlands | Marine, Hydrosphere | Ground Water | Discharge/flow, Hydrosphere | Ground Water | Drainage, Hydrosphere | Ground Water | Groundwater Chemistry, Hydrosphere | Water Quality | Inorganic Matter, Hydrosphere | Water Quality | Toxic Chemicals, Hydrosphere | Water Quality | Trace Metals, Oceans | Coastal Processes | Estuaries, Oceans | Ocean Chemistry | Hydrocarbons, Oceans | Ocean Chemistry | Nitrite, Oceans | Ocean Chemistry | Phosphate, VICTORIA, air_temperature, concentration_of_dissolved_oxygen, pH, turbidity, water_condition, water_discharge, water_electrical_conductivity, water_flow, water_temperature
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
2021 State of the Environment Report Marine Chapter – Expert Assessment – Management Effectiveness – Offshore renewable energy generation

The Marine chapter of the 2021 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Expert Assessment "Management Effectiveness of Offshore renewable energy generation". 
<strong><em>A PDF of the full Expert Assessment, including figures and tables (where provided) is downloadable in the "On-line Resources" section of this record as "EXPERT ASSESSMENT 2021 - Offshore renewable energy generation"</em></strong>



DESCRIPTION OF THE APPROACH TO MANAGING THE PRESSURE
No Commonwealth regulatory framework for offshore clean energy infrastructure currently exists. A draft discussion document was released in Feb 2020, with DISER currently working towards preparation of policy. NOPSEMA has been identified as proposed regulator for offshore clean energy developments.
States/Territories have inconsistent processes by jurisdiction. Victoria’s marine and coastal policy now captures process for offshore renewables in planning for Victoria’s State waters. A need for consistent regulatory framework across jurisdictions is recognised if the sector is to advance in Australia.
Current major projects undertaking environmental assessments, typically need to address requirements of both State and Commonwealth jurisdictions (e.g., Star of the South, 2020). 

DATA STREAM(S) USED IN EXPERT ASSESSMENT
Review of Commonwealth and State regulations. Not available for all jurisdictions.



2021 SOE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY [see attached Expert Assessment for full details]

• Approach •
Assessment grade: Ineffective
Assessment trend: Improving
Confidence grade: Limited
Confidence trend: Limited
Comparability with 2016: Not previously assessed
• Outputs •
Assessment grade: Partially effective
Assessment trend: Improving
Confidence grade: Limited
Confidence trend: Limited
Comparability with 2016: Not previously assessed
• Outcomes •
Assessment grade: NA (insufficient activity to make an assessment)
Assessment trend: NA (insufficient activity to make an assessment)
Confidence grade: NA (insufficient activity to make an assessment)
Confidence trend: NA (insufficient activity to make an assessment)
Comparability with 2016: Not previously assessed



CHANGES SINCE 2016 SOE ASSESSMENT
No change

Tags: expert assessment, management, renewable energy
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
2021 State of the Environment Report Marine Chapter – Expert Assessment – State and Trend – Deep seabed (>700m)

The Marine chapter of the 2021 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Expert Assessment "State and Trend of Deep seabed (&gt;700m)". 
<strong><em>A PDF of the full Expert Assessment, including figures and tables (where provided) is downloadable in the "On-line Resources" section of this record as "EXPERT ASSESSMENT 2021 - Deep seabed (&gt;700m)"</em></strong>



DESCRIPTION OF HABITAT/COMMUNITY FOR EXPERT ASSESSMENT
This specified depth range (&gt; 700 m) aggregates several habitats and communities that are clearly distinct in geological, environmental and biological characteristics: the mid-continental slope, lower slope and rise, and abyss. Our knowledge of very deep-sea habitats around Australia has increased substantially since the 2016 assessment due to recent survey effort in the Great Australian Bight and off the Eastern Australian Margin (Williams et al. 2018a, b; O’Hara et al. 2020a, b). For example, the slope topography of the latter was shown to be more complex and rugged than originally expected (O’Hara et al. 2020b), which suggests a higher diversity of habitats, and by implication opportunity for more diverse faunal assemblages.

DATA STREAM(S) USED IN EXPERT ASSESSMENT
Metadata records related to surveys can be found on MarLIN (http://www.marine.csiro.au/marlin/search.html); and on the CSIRO Data trawler (https://www.marine.csiro.au/data/trawler/) the reference indicates Survey names for effectively searching the databases



2021 SOE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY [see attached Expert Assessment for full details]

• 2021 •
Assessment grade: Good
Assessment trend: Stable
Confidence grade: Limited evidence; uncertain climate effects
Confidence trend: Limited evidence; uncertain climate effects
Comparability: Grade and trend are comparable to the 2016 assessment
• 2016 •
Assessment grade: Good
Assessment trend: Stable
Confidence grade: Limited evidence or limited consensus
Confidence trend: Limited evidence or limited consensus
Comparability: Grade and trend are comparable to the 2011 assessment
• 2011 •
Assessment grade: Very good
Assessment trend: Stable
Confidence grade: Limited evidence or limited consensus
Confidence trend: Limited evidence or limited consensus



CHANGES SINCE 2016 SOE ASSESSMENT
not supplied

Tags: communities, deepwater, expert assessment, habitat condition
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Surface current data from ocean drifters in the Indian Ocean

The University of Western Australia (UWA) developed and deployed surface drifters at different offshore locations during the period 2019 to 2022.  Each of these drifters provided data for a maximum of ~9 months. These undrogued drifters were 0.60 m in length and contained a GPS tracker that provided drifter positions at intervals varying between 4 and 7 minutes. The drifter position data were quality controlled for outlier removal and were interpolated linearly to an equal time interval of 5 minutes. This provided mean spatial resolution of 120m.  The position information was used as a proxy to estimate the Lagrangian surface currents off Australia and surrounding open ocean regions.  Each of the drifter data are stored in netcdf files containing the latitude and longitude position, time and zonal and meridional velocity components.

Tags: OCEAN CURRENTS
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
1:250,000 Geological series map - Mount Anderson ed2 (SE51-11)

Detailed geological mapping at 1:250 000 providing information on geological units, structural geology and faultlines, to produce a geological plan of the Mount Anderson region of Western Australia. The map was published in 1980. This data is held in GDA 94 decimal degrees.

Tags: 250 000, Geological Series Map, Geology, Geosciences, Industry, Mine, Minerals, Mining, Mount Anderson, SE51-11
Organization: Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
1:250,000 Geological series map - Marble Bar ed3 (SF50-08)

Detailed geological mapping at 1:250 000 providing information on geological units, structural geology and faultlines, to produce a geological plan of the Marble Bar region of Western Australia. The map was published in 2010. This data is held in GDA decimal degrees.

Tags: 250 000, Geological Series Map, Geology, Geosciences, Industry, Marble Bar, Mine, Minerals, Mining, SF50-08
Organization: Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
1:250,000 Geological series map - Lissadell ed2 (SE52-02)

Detailed geological mapping at 1:250 000 providing information on geological units, structural geology and faultlines, to produce a geological plan of the Lissadell region of Western Australia. The map was published in 1996. This data is held in GDA decimal degrees.

Tags: 250 000, Geological Series Map, Geology, Geosciences, Industry, Lissadell, Mine, Minerals, Mining, SE52-02
Organization: Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
1:100,000 Geological series map - Mulline (2938)

Detailed geological mapping at 1:100 000 providing information on geological units, structural geology and faultlines, to produce a geological plan of the Mulline region of Western Australia. The map was published in 1995. This data is held in GDA decimal degrees.

Tags: 100 000, 2938, Geological Series Map, Geology, Geosciences, Industry, Mine, Minerals, Mining, Mulline
Organization: Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety