AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Changes in ideas of age of certain beds in the Australian Tertiaries

Drastic changes in ideas of the age of some of the marine Tertiary deposits in Australia have been necessary in the last few years. The recognition of Eocene over a wide area in south-eastern Australia is the result of considerable detailed mapping of deposits in south-western Victoria and the subsequent detailed investigation of the sediments for microfaunas. The discovery of the Eocene foraminiferal genus Hantkenina at different localities in south-eastern Australia has been an important factor in bringing about the recognition of the Eocene. The discovery of Hantkenina at Bird Rock, Torquay, Victoria, the type locality for the Janjukian Stage of Victorian Tertiary stratigraphy, confirms an Eocene age for beds which had previously been placed in the Upper Oligocene or the Miocene. The type section for the "Anglesean Stage" at Anglesea, west of Torquay, which has been regarded as Oligocene, is now placed in the Middle Eocene. The beds at Anglesea stratigraphically underlie those containing Hantkenina at Torquay. At least 4,000 feet of the Middle Eocene beds have been proved in bores. In western Victoria it is quite probable that Lower Eocene to Paleocene beds exist. There is still doubt as to whether definite marine Oligocene beds exist in Australia. Certain non-marine deposits thought to be of Lower Oligocene age are now Middle Miocene. Ideas of age of the beds in the Upper Tertiary have undergone little change. The calcareous sandstones of the Adelaide Basin in South Australia are regarded as Lower Pliocene rather than Middle or Upper Pliocene of certain authors.

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, palaeontology, stratigraphy
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
New and Revised Palynological Data for the Otway Basin

As part of Geoscience Australia's 2002-2004 work program, the Petroleum and Marine Division initiated a collaborative study of the Otway Basin (Figure 1) with Primary Industries and Resources SA (PIRSA) and the Department of Primary Industries (DPI), Victoria. The aim of the project was to enhance the petroleum prospectivity of the basin through an improved understanding of depositional systems, integrated petroleum systems analysis and enhanced access to basic datasets critical to the exploration industry. Major project work components included seismic- and well-interpretation to
construct a new regional chronostratigraphic framework for the basin (Figure 2), geochemistry and geohistory modelling to document regional petroleum systems elements (Boreham et al ., 2004), and biostratigraphy to refine age-control, biozonations and correlations within the basin (Krassay et al ., 2004). Biostratigraphic work for the Otway Basin Project involved a major program of new
sampling, processing and palynological analysis combined with a thorough review of existing biostratigraphic reports and data. Collection, processing and preparation of new samples were conducted in-house by Geoscience Australia staff. New palynological analyses were carried out by Morgan Palaeo Associates on a commercial contract basis. This Record (CD-ROM) contains consultants palynological reports (Microsoft Word) and digital data files as originally submitted (wmf and dex formats) and as updated and standardised (csv format) for over 200 new samples collected from 14 selected Otway Basin wells (Table 1). This Record also contains revised palynological data files (csv format) for 18 Otway Basin wells (Table 2). Revision and updating of palynological data
from existing reports and new consultants reports involved initial quality-assurance and quality-control of the data followed by updating of synonyms and systematics to comply with a standardised taxonomy. Revised data files contained in this Record adhere to a standardised taxonomy in current use at Geoscience Australia. Revised data files are presented in a csv format (Excel spreadsheets).

Tags: AU-SA, AU-VIC, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, dating, palaeontology
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry (FRRF) data collected on the RV L'Astrolabe from 28/02/2004 to 04/03/2004 (Dumont d'Urville - Hobart)

These data were collected on the RV L'Astrolabe (platform code: FHZI) from 28/02/2004 to 04/03/2004 on a trip from Dumont D'Urville to Hobart.

Maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), also called maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), has become one of the most widely utilized fluorescence parameters in phytoplankton research. It represents the potential photochemical efficiency, which is the probability that the light energy captured by the photosynthetic apparatus is being utilized as photochemistry. Fv/Fm has been shown to have an instant response to variations in physical and chemical properties and is interpreted as a diagnostic of the overall health or competence of phytoplankton. Together with the absorption cross section area of PSII and chlorophyll concentration, it can be used to measure primary production (Cheah et al. 2011, Deep Sea Research).

Seawater from 3 m depth was supplied continuously from the ship’s clean seawater line. FRR fluorescence yields were measured continuously at 1 minute intervals in dark-adapted state (! 15 minutes dark-adaptation) using a flash sequence consisting of a series of 100 subsaturation flashlets (1.1 μs flash duration and 2.8 μs interflash period) and a series of 20 relaxation flashlets (1.1 μs flash duration and 51.6 μs interflash period).

Tags: Continents | Antarctica, Countries | Australia, Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF), Global/Oceans | Southern Ocean, Instrument's photomultiplier electronic sensitivity (1-256), Latitude, Longitude, Maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), Minimum fluorescence in the light chamber of the FRRF (also used as a proxy for biomass), Oceans | Ocean Temperature | Sea Surface Temperature, Oceans | Salinity/density | Salinity, Photosynthesis, connectivity between PSII reaction centres under actinic light, functional absorption cross section of PSII (measure of the proportion of light harvested for photoc, maximum fluorescence in the light chamber of the FRRF, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II ( (FmL - FoL) / FmL), primary production, time constant of electron transport from PSII to PSI, variable fluorescence (FmL - FoL)
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Microherbivore grazing experiment (RRAP CAD_02.2)

These data were collected for an RRAP CAD2-2 experiment looking at the effects of microherbivore grazing on captive coral recruit grow-out. Coral recruits of six species (Acropora millepora, Acropora kenti (formally A. tenuis, referred to as such in the data), Goniastrea retiformis, Porites lobata, Dispastrea speciosa and Lobophyllia corymbosa*) were grown under one of seven treatments: an un-grazed control (Control), manual cleaning of algae around corals by an aquarist (Aquarist), culture with 30 juvenile Tripneustes gratilla sea urchins (Tripneustes), 30 juvenile Echinometra mathaei sea urchins (Echinometra), 30 Calthalotia strigata gastropods (Calthalotia), 30 Turbo haynesi gastropods (Turbo) or 15 Clibanarius cf. taeniatus hermit crabs (Clibanarius), for 112 days, with four replicate 50L tanks per treatment. Tanks walls and the floor around the coral tray (and the tray itself in the aquarist treatment) were cleaned twice weekly, with the time taken to clean each tank recorded to the nearest minute. 

High resolution photographs where taken of corals and the substrate every two weeks. From these photos, survival was assessed on a fortnightly basis, and growth of the corals from day 0 to day 112 measured by calculating the change in benthic surface area of each recruit using ImageJ software. Composition of algae assemblages on the tiles was assessed at day 0, 56 and 112 using seven coral-free surfaces in each tank. Composition was assessed using CoralCPE software, which applied 20 random points to each coral-free surface, which could then be categorised into different substrate classes (turf, crustose coralline algae, bare tile etc) to assess approximate proportional coverage of these different classes. At the end of the 112 days, counts and size measurements of remaining microherbivores were also taken. 

*Note: due to low settlement of Lobophyllia corymbosa, this coral was only included in the Control, Tripneustes and Calthalotia treatment.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
RV Investigator Voyage IN2026_V01 Magnetometer Data

This record describes magnetometer data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2026_V01, titled "Cook Ice Ecosystems and Sediments (COOKIES)." The voyage took place between January 02, 2026 and February 25, 2026 (AEST), departing from Hobart and returning to Hobart.

The SeaSPY2 magnetometer uses an omnidirectional Overhauser sensor that requires no realignment or recalibration and has no heading error. The instrument has an absolute accuracy of 0.1 nT, sensor sensitivity of 0.01 nT and resolution of 0.001 nT.

Data are stored in .CSV and .MMS data files at CSIRO. A total of 19 files and 326 MB of raw data were acquired in this dataset. 

No processing has been conducted on this data.

The magnetometer was towed 300 m astern of the ship and a layback value of 376 m was applied to the magnetometer data. This was the total distance behind the ship's positioning reference point.  

Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Climatic Variability in the Southwest Pacific during the Last Termination

The degree to which palaeoclimatic changes in the Southern Hemisphere co-varied with events in the high latitude Northern Hemisphere during the Last Termination is a contentious issue, with conflicting evidence for the degree of `teleconnection' between different regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The available hypotheses are difficult to test robustly, however, because there are few detailed palaeoclimatic records in the Southern Hemisphere. Here we present climatic reconstructions from the southwestern Pacific, a key region in the Southern Hemisphere because of the potentially important role it plays in global climate change. The reconstructions for the period 20-10 kyr BP were obtained from five sites along a transect from southern New Zealand, through Australia to Indonesia, supported by 125 calibrated 14C ages. Two periods of significant climatic change can be identified across the region at around 17 and 14.2 cal kyr BP, most probably associated with the onset of warming in the West Pacific Warm Pool and the collapse of Antarctic ice during Meltwater Pulse-1A, respectively. The severe geochronological constraints that inherently afflict age models based on radiocarbon dating and the lack of quantified climatic parameters make more detailed interpretations problematic, however. There is an urgent need to address the geochronological limitations, and to develop more precise and quantified estimates of the pronounced climate variations that clearly affected this region during the Last Termination.

Tags: Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, climate, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Coastal to deep-marine geomorphic classification: A standardised framework and review of terms to support globally consistent mapping

Marine and coastal geomorphology is inherently interdisciplinary, involving the interpretation of landforms shaped by overlapping hydrodynamic, sedimentary, tectonic, and biogenic processes across diverse physiographic regions. As the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science aims to provide robust scientific information to address ocean challenges, geomorphic data is becoming an increasingly critical baseline resource to support evidence-based decision-making. Standardised, inter-jurisdictional geomorphic frameworks enable consistent terminology across scales. Though marine sub-discipline lexicons are generally well established, seabed geomorphology mapping encompasses terminological nuances that can hinder analysts working across disciplinary boundaries.

To address these challenges, the International Seabed Geomorphology Mapping Working Group (ISGM) developed a marine and coastal classification framework using an Ocean Best Practice process that incorporates science-community input. This two-part approach separates morphological mapping (Part 1) from geomorphic interpretation (Part 2), constraining the uncertainty inherent to stratigraphic interpretation to a second step. In Part 1, 40 bathymetric shapes are mapped and classified using standardised Morphology Feature terms. In Part 2, a hierarchical framework and glossary of over 400 terms across 11 overlapping classes assigns geomorphic interpretation. The framework supports classification from Setting/Process through basic geomorphic units (BGU), types (BGU-T) and sub-types (BGU-sT), allowing users to tailor classification to available data quality and application needs.

Implementation of the ISGM scheme is supported by open-access, machine-readable digital vocabularies, which standardise established terms without redefining them, and GIS tools. Applied examples demonstrate utility across global datasets. By integrating existing terminology into a standardised, hierarchical framework, the ISGM approach provides the first cross-class geomorphic framework capable of supporting consistent terminology from global to local scales.

Citation R. Nanson, R. Arosio, J. Gafeira, M. McNeil, D. Dove, L.R. Bjarnadóttir, M.F.J. Dolan, A. Post, S. Nichol, Z. Huang, J. Guinan, O.M. Bialik, J. Webb, J. Wells, A.G. Carroll, Coastal to deep-marine geomorphic classification: A standardised framework and review of terms to support globally consistent mapping, Earth-Science Reviews, Volume 276, 2026, 105439, ISSN 0012-8252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105439.

Tags: Australia-wide geoscience data, GIS, Geomorphology and earth surface processes, Marine geoscience, Ocean Best Practice, Ocean Decade, Ocean Economy, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, Resourcing Australia's Prosperity, bedforms, biogenic, cartography, coastal, fluid flow, fluvial, geology, glacial, human impacts, karst, marine, mass movement, physiography, scale, seabed, seabed mapping, seabed morphology
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Variation of crustal mass over the Australian region

Seismic refraction surveys in Australia and nearby marine areas provide data on crustal velocities and layer thicknesses. The averages of these at various places have been used to estimate a density-depth structure. By applying corrections for average elevation and free-air gravity, a crustal mass deficiency (CMD) is calculated for each site; this characterizes a standard crustal column with zero elevation and zero free-air anomaly, which is considered to be in isostatic equilibrium over a mantle of uniform density 3.32 t/m^3. The CMD ranges from about 13 kt/m^2 in the south-west of the continent, to about 21 in parts of Queensland; marine values range from 15 to 17 kt/m^2. The variations imply that isostasy on a broad scale is not complete at the base of the crust. As the gravity field indicates that departures from isostasy are comparatively small, compensation must occur partly in the mantle.

Tags: AUS, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Sentinel-1A SAR VV Backscatter Quicklooks

Sentinel-1 SAR medium resolution (approximately 20m-pixel size) reprojected and calibrated product produced by CSIRO under eReefs Phase 5 using the SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform) toolbox.
This product was derived from Level 1 IW GRD (VV polarization), placed onto a regular grid using nearest neighbor resampling and radiometrically filtered using a three-pass combination of filters to reduce speckle.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
National Gravity Compilation 2019 DGIR 0.5VD grid

Gravity data measure small changes in gravity due to changes in the density of rocks beneath the Earth's surface. The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose. This National Gravity Compilation 2019 DGIR 0.5VD grid is produced from the 2019 Australian National Gravity Grids A series. These gravity data were acquired under the project No. 202008. The grid has a cell size of 0.00417 degrees (approximately 435m). The data are derived from ground observations stored in the Australian National Gravity Database (ANGD) as at September 2019, supplemented by offshore data sourced from v28.1 of the Global Gravity grid developed using data from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego. Out of the approximately 1.8 million gravity observations, nearly 1.4 million gravity stations in the ANGD together with marine data were used to generate this grid. The ground gravity data used in this grid has been acquired by the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments, the mining and exploration industry, universities and research organisations from the 1940's to the present day. Station spacing for ground observations varies from approximately 11 km down to less than 1 km, with major parts of the continent having station spacing between 2.5 and 7 km. The grid shows the half vertical derivative of the de-trended global isostatic residual anomalies (A series) over Australia and its continental margins. The original DGIR was obtained by subtracting 3 quantities (i.e., the near-field isostatic correction, the far-field isostatic correction, and a first order trend correction) from Complete Bouguer Anomaly data (CBA) of the 2019 Australian National Gravity Grids A series. A half vertical derivative was calculated by applying a fast Fourier transform (FFT) process to the DGIR grid of the 2019 Australian National Gravity Grids to produce this grid.

Tags: 05vd, A series, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, None, Published_External, de-trended, geophysical survey, geophysics, grav, gravity, grid, ground digital data, half vertical derivative, isostatic, marine data, national, raster, residual, satellite data, survey 202008
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Compilation of terrestrial samples and observations from the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica

This report presents the location and sources of sediment samples and observational data in the Vestfold Hills (between 68Â° 23' and 68Â° 40' S, 77Â° 50' and 78Â° 35' E) to provide physical and chemical properties, sedimentary processes, and glacial and marine history of the terrestrial environment. This compilation of samples and observations incorporates data collected from the 1970s to present from published and unpublished sources. Sample locations and types are presented here to make them more readily available for further analysis and interpretation. Samples and observations are presented as point locations and include sample type, analyses, and references to the original data source.

Tags: AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC TERRITORY, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Published_External, Sedimentology, Surface Processes
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
The geological evolution of the southern Taroom Trough and the overlying Surat Basin

Isopach, structure contour, and palaeo-geological maps illustrate the geological development of the southern Taroom Trough and the lower part of the Surat Basin sequence.
The meridional southern Taroom Trough, 50,000 km2 in area, is a southerly subsurface extension of the outcropping Bowen Basin. It is fault-bounded to the east and plunges northward. The maximum thickness of sedimentary fill increases northward from less than 400 m to 10,000 m, and consists of Lower Permian marine sediments, Upper Permian coal measures, Lower Triassic redbeds, and Middle Triassic stream sediments. The trough's present western margin is depositional, but the faulted eastern margin started to form in the Late Permian in the south and in the Early Triassic in the north; movement ceased in the Early Triassic in the south and in the Late Triassic in the north. Tectonic movements did not recur until Late Jurassic time.

Late Triassic erosion preceded deposition of Surat Basin sediments. These sediments extended over ever wider areas, even the basal sands spreading far beyond the Taroom Trough. The fully-developed Surat Basin is 300,000 km2 in area, and contains up to 2500 m of dominantly continental Jurassic sediments and dominantly marine Lower Cretaceous sediments. Lower Jurassic stream sediments (the main petroleum producers of the basin) are thickest and coarsest above the Taroom Trough, suggesting steady subsidence and compaction of the trough sediments.

By the Late Jurassic this compaction had virtually ceased, and epeirogenic uplift had given the basin its present shape, with the Mimosa Syncline (above the Taroom Trough) and the south-westerly-trending Dirranbandi Syncline (above a basement depression) being major structural features.

Petroleum, which is probably derived from both Permian and Jurassic sources, is most abundant in the Lower Jurassic sandstone on either side of the Mimosa Syncline. Some aspects of the migration and trapping of Permian petroleum are discussed, and it is suggested that the Lower Jurassic Hutton Sandstone in the virtually unexplored Bollon area could be prospective.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geology
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Lizard Island Air Pressure From 13 Aug 2010

The 'Wireless Sensor Networks Facility' (formerly known as Facility for The Automated Intelligent Monitoring of Marine Systems (FAIMMS)), part of the Great Barrier Reef Ocean Observing System project (GBROOS), is a facility of the Australian 'Integrated Marine Observing System' (IMOS) project. This data set was collected by the Great Barrier Reef Wireless Sensor Network.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Light Hydrocarbon Geochemistry of the WA-28-P Area, Dampier Sub-basin, Western Australia : Rig Seismic Survey 97 : Project 121.19

As part of its geochemical research program, the Marine Geoscience and PetroleumGeology Group (Australian Bureau Of Mineral Resources) is evaluating the usefulness ofthe Direct Hydrocarbon Detection (DHD) method. The data for this DHD program wereacquired during a co-operative high resolution seismic reflection program with WoodsidePetroleum Pty Ltd in the Dampier Sub-Basin. The data acquisition phase took placebetween October 22-28, 1990, with a total of 531 km (25 lines) of DHD data beingcollected between the Angel gas field in the north-east and the Madeleine 1 well in thesouth-west of Woodside Petroleum exploration permit WA-28-P in the Dampier Sub-Basin, on the North-West shelf, Australia.
No significant hydrocarbon anomalies were detected on any of the lines, in spite of the factthat many lines traversed known oil and gas accumulations, such as the Wanaea, Cossackand Angel accumulations. The lack of anomalies indicates that the major reservoirhorizons in this part of the Dampier Sub-Basin are well-sealed, and that little opportunityfor the vertical migration of hydrocarbons exists.
While no significant anomalies were detected, very minor increases in total hydrocarbonwere, however, observed over some of the wells/fields. The largest increase in THC wasobserved over the Montague 1 well location, where the value increased from abackground level of 16ppm to a high of 22.8ppm. There was no increase in any of thelight hydrocarbon gases.

Tags: AU-WA, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geochemistry, hydrocarbons
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network