AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Risks Posed to the Antarctic Marine Environment by Acoustic Isntruments, a Structured Analysis

The risks posed by a range of acoustic scientific instruments were assessed by the construction of matrices of scale and likelihood. We recognized six levels of impact ranging from none or short term, minimal behavioural response (Level 1) to multiple injuries and fatalities and/or compromised populations (Level 6) and six levels of likelihood ranging from 'Expected in almost all instances' (Level 1) to 'cannot see how it could happen' (Level 6). Typical scientific instruments ranging from acoustic releases to large air gun arrays were assessed. To provide a perspective for the risks of scientific operations, other activities were also ranked. These included large chemical explosions, submarine detection sonars implicated in some mass strandings of cetaceans and normal Antarctic shipping activities. The conclusion reached was that most scientific instruments pose a similar or lower risk than normal shipping operations. High source-level equipment poses some risk to individual animals' hearing and so should be mitigated. Likewise, survey planning should be designed to avoid trapping animals in narrow, constricted sea ways. Long term, cumulative impacts are still difficult to detect in areas with greater anthropogenic noise than the Antarctic but we concluded that any possible long term impacts should be mitigated by maintaining the low levels of activity using high source-level equipment through data sharing and survey planning.

Tags: AQ, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine survey
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
5028 Block 2 (Southeast) Grid of thorium ground concentration with NASVD and standard reductions applied

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
This radiometric thorium grid has a cell size of  degrees (approximately 20m) and shows thorium element concentration of the Narryer in units of parts per million (or ppm). The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 2024 by the WA Government, and consisted of 415090 line-kilometres of data at 100m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NASVD, NCI, Published_External, Th, WA, airborne digital data, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, rad, radiometrics, raster, spectrometry, survey 5028, thorium
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Marine Bathymetry Data Collection

Bathymetry is the study and mapping of the sea floor. It involves obtaining measurements of the depth of the ocean and is the equivalent to mapping topography on land. Bathymetric data is collected in multiple ways:
<ol>
<li>Satellite data can be used to produce maps showing general features over a large area at low resolution. Satellite altimetry measures the height of the ocean surface. If there are hills/mountains on the sea floor, the gravitational pull around that area will be greater and hence the sea surface will bulge. This measurement can be used to show where the seafloor is higher, and this can be used to produce maps showing general features over a large area at low resolution. </li>
<li>Single beam echosounders produce a single line of depth points directly under the equipment. These measurements are usually made while a vessel is moving to identify general sea floor patterns and/or schools of fish.</li>
<li>Equipment that captures swathes of data by acquiring multiple depth points in each area, such as multibeam echosounders (or swath echosounders) and airborne laser measurements (LADS). These datasets are very high resolution, with data down to better than one metre accuracy.</li>
</ol>

This bathymetry dataset is a collection of singlebeam data sourced from seismic navigation lines, multibeam data, satellite and LADS data acquired by GA and by other government and non-government agencies.

Tags: Published_External, bathymetry, bathymetry grid, coastal, continental shelf, environmental science, geoscience, marine, marine data, marine geoscience, marine survey, multibeam, seabed mapping, sonar
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Compilation of geological and bore hole data from south-western Victoria and the contiguous part of South Australia with particular reference to the Portland - Nelson - Mt Gambier area

The area under review in this report comprises a large territory located in south-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. The scope of direct geological information in the areas underlain by marine Tertiary rocks is severely limited, by very poor exposure of the underlying rocks at the surface. Under such conditions, once the scattered exposures have been examined and recorded on the map, little more can be done by surface work; the geologist is thrown back on a study of well and bore records and of the results of geophysical measurements. Considerable literature has been read and records of the principal bores in the area have been examined in detail. It has been recommended that a geophysical survey of the area be conducted, to determine, if possible, any structural features which might exist at depth in this southern-most extension of the Murray River Artesian Basin, which is made up of Tertiary to Recent formations, resting, in the area under review, on a basement of Pre-Cambrian or Jurassic Rocks. This report comprises an overview of the general geology, geological history, stratigraphy and topography of the area under consideration. Geological, bore-hole and well data has been compiled and tabulated. A geological sketch map is included.

Tags: AU-SA, AU-VIC, GA Publication, Geology, Published_External, Record, data, geology, research, stratigraphy, structural geology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction North of 25°S 2019

Map showing all of Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction north of approx 25°S. Updated in December 2019 to reflect the 2018 Australia/Timor-Leste Maritime Boundaries Treaty (GeoCat 81850).  Previously updated in June 2014 from "Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction North of 25°S" (GeoCat 71985) to conform with "Australian Maritime Boundaries 2014" data by Geoscience Australia. This includes areas around Cocos (Keeling) Islands and areas around Christmas Island as well as those contiguous to the continent in the north. 

Included as one of the now 28 constituent maps of the "Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction Map Series" (GeoCat 71789).Depicting Australia's continental shelf as proclaimed in the "Seas and Submerged Lands (Limits of Continental Shelf) Proclamation 2012" established under the "Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973".

Background bathymetry image is derived from a combination of the 2009 9 arc second bathymetry and topographic grid by Geoscience Australia and a grid by W.H.F. Smith and D.T. Sandwell, 1997. Background land imagery derived from Blue Marble, NASA's Earth Observatory.

3277mm x 1050mm (for 42" plotter) sized .pdf downloadable from the web.

Tags: AU-EEZ, Administrative Boundaries, Administrative Boundary, Continental Shelf, Earth Sciences, Marine Georegulation, Marine Jurisdiction, Maritime Boundaries, Published_External, Thematic Map, bathymetry, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Denitrification and Denitrifying Efficiencies in Sediments of Port Phillip Bay: Direct Determinations of Biogenic N2 and N-metabolite Fluxes with Implications for Water Quality

High-precision measurements of N2 in benthic chamber waters indicated that denitrification occurs within the major sedimentary facies in Port Phillip Bay. The integrated fluxes of biogenic N2 , ammonia, nitrate and nitrite showed that the stoichiometric relationship between organic C and N in the muddy sediments, occupying about 70% of the seafloor, was 5.7, this being similar to the Redfield ratio of 6.6. High denitrifying efficiencies (75-85%; denitrification rates ~1.3 mmol N2 m-2 day-1) at organic carbon loadings of ~15-25 mmol m-2 day-1 indicate that most N processed through the sediments was returned to the overlying waters as biologically (generally) unavailable N2. At sites of high organic carbon loadings to the sediments (&gt;100 mmol m-2 day-1) denitrification rates and denitrifying efficiencies were near zero and most N is returned to the Bay waters as biologically available ammonium. In chambers 'spiked' with 15NO3 , denitrifyers used nitrate produced in the sediments in situ, rather than the exogenous nitrate in overlying waters. The sedimentary microbial processes of ammonification, nitrification and denitrification are therefore tightly coupled.

Tags: AU-VIC, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine, marine biodiversity
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Triassic Horizon Grids, Isochron Grids, and Fault Maps, Central North West Shelf

A regional mapping program conducted by Geoscience Australia addressed stratigraphic and structural aspects of exploration risk within the Triassic succession of the Roebuck Basin and parts of the adjacent sub-basins (central North West Shelf, Figure 1).

Seismic horizons of regional significance were mapped using 2D and 3D seismic surveys. Seismic survey coverage is shown in Figure 1. 2D surveys include regional deep surveys such as AGSO s110, AGSO s120, and PGS New Dawn. 3D surveys include Admiral, Beagle, CNOOC, Curt, Lord, Naranco, Polly, Whitetail, and a 5 x 5 km extract (used with permission) from the TGS Capreolus MC3D. Synthetic seismograms (Nguyen et al., 2019) were used to tie seismic horizons to wells.

The mapped horizons are placed within a regional tectonostratigraphic framework by Abbott et al. (2019, their Figure 2). This data pack comprises seismic horizon grids and isochron grids generated from the TR10.0_SB (base Triassic), TR17.0_SB (Mid–Triassic), and J10.0_SB (top Triassic) seismic horizons (Figure 2). Fault maps compiled at the TR10.0 _SB and J10.0_SB are also included.

Tags: Barcoo Sub-basin, Basin Analysis, Beagle Sub-basin, Bedout Sub-basin, EARTH SCIENCES, Exmouth Plateau, North West Shelf, Petroleum and Coal Geology, Petroleum exploration, Published_External, Roebuck Basin, Rowley Sub-basin, Triassic, stratigraphy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
North Crace brick shale deposit

This record reports on an extensive investigation carried out during 1959 which showed that very large resources of brick-making material occur in weathered sedimentary rocks of the Riverside Formation, which forms a belt about a mile wide and more than 5 miles long extending north-westerly past Crace trigonometrical station, at the northern extremity of Canberra City District.

Tags: AU-ACT, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Preliminary studies of the Cape Leeuwin manganese nodule deposit off Western Australia

In 1970 a large deposit of ferromanganese nodules was discovered on the floor of the Indian Ocean southwest of Cape Leeuwin by the research vessel USNS Eltanin. This discovery, which was based largely on bottom photographs from about 20 stations, was discussed by Frakes (1975) and Kennett and Watkins (1975, 1976). The photographs suggest that the deposit spreads, nearly continuously, over 900 000km^2, and cores showed that the nodules are essentially confined to the sediment surface. Kennett and Watkins (op. cit.) pointed to the abundance of ripple and scour marks and current-formed lineations on the present surface, and of extensive disconformities in the cores, as evidence of strong present and past bottom currents in the region. They suggested that the current action had resulted in very low sedimentation rates, which had allowed the nodule field, named by them (1976) the 'Southeast Indian Ocean Manganese Pavement', to develop. In early 1976 the authors used the research vessel HMAS Diamantina for a 10-day cruise in the region to sample the nodules in order to study their chemistry and mineralogy. During the cruise 9 stations were occupied, 8 of them successfully (Figure 1), and about 2000 nodules were recovered from the sea bed. The apparatus used was a light box dredge on the ships hydrowire, which had a breaking strain of about one tonne. Although an attempt was made to reoccupy Eltanin photographic stations, it should be noted that positioning was by celestial navigation, so errors of up to 10 km are possible.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, WA, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Compilation and production of the 1976 1:5 000 000 Gravity Map of Australia

In 1976 a coloured 1:5 000 000 Gravity Map of Australia was published by BMR. At that stage the systematic reconnaissance gravity coverage of Australia, initiated by BMR in 1959, was complete, and preliminary gravity values were available from marine coverage of the continental shelf and margins. The map was based on approximately 260 000 gravity observations obtained by various organisations at a cost of about $12 000 000 from 300 surveys. It was produced using a CDC Cyber 76 computer system, Calcomp plotters and cartographic techniques. The computer processing phase took about four months and the cartography about three months. The coloured 1:25 000 000 Bouguer and free-air anomaly maps contained in this issue were also produced from the same data bank.

Tags: AUS, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Quaternary and modern environments of the Van Diemen Rise, Timor Sea, and potential effects of additional petroleum exploration activity

Environmental baseline data are required for Australias offshore areas before petroleum exploration. This has boosted demand for analysis and interpretation of the Quaternary evolution, modern geological processes and environmental features of the Australian continental shelf. One such area overlies the Van Diemen Rise on the Sahul Shelf in the eastern Timor Sea. Sea bottom sediments in the region are dominantly calcareous sand derived from skeletal carbonate material. A number of sinuous channel-like features cut through a series of terraces and banks which comprise the Van Diemen Rise. These features are the product of subaerial exposure and weathering of the underlying carbonate shelf during the last Quaternary glacial maximum. At about 18 000 BP sea level was ~120 m below the present shoreline, much of which was subjected to subaerial exposure and erosion. Only a narrow marine shelf existed close to the outermost edge of the present continental shelf.  Shallow banks and shoals on this narrow shelf were the focus of significant coral reef growth. Calcrete concretions formed on the exposed land surface. Holocene transgression inundated the entire margin and shifted reef growth onto the shallowest parts of the flooded banks and terraces. Today sedimentation within the 50 m contour is entirely clastic and derived from wet-season river input.  On the outer shelf foraminiferal calcarenites are being deposited.  These become finer-grained and contain more planktonic components the greater the water depth. Silty clays and molluscan debris are accumulating in the sheltered channels between the banks and terraces of the Van Diemen Rise.  Large foraminiferal and coralline algae dominate the shallow banks and rises. An assemblage dominated by Halimeda is growing on the outermost shelf edge banks. Seismic surveying and drilling are the main activities likely on the Van Diemen Rise. The short-term nature of these activities would cause no long-term impact on environmental conditions.  They would cause minor short-term localised disturbance. Rock fragments from exploration drill sites would be dispersed by normal current and tidal action within a short period.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, WA
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Diagenetic organic matter in Recent sediments and environments of deposition

Organic geochemical studies of the reduced organic material in sedimentary rocks provide a valuable insight into the origin and history of the sediments. Information on the source of the organic matter (marine or non-marine), the depositional environment (oxic or anoxic), whether or not biodegradation has occurred, and the maturity of the organic matter can be obtained by studying the distribution of various organic compounds, known as biological markers, in extracts from these sediments. Selection of environments with a fairly narrow range of source material allows more direct correlations to be made between source material and specific biological markers.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Hydrogeology of a raised coral atoll - Niue Island, South Pacific Ocean

Niue Island, in the south Pacific Ocean, is a raised coral atoll with an area of 259 km^2. The original atoll rim is preserved as a peripheral ridge about 60 m above sea level, and the original lagoon floor now forms an internal basin about 35 m above sea level. Drilling has proved limestone of Miocene age to a depth of more than 200 m. Gravity and magnetic surveys indicate that the limestone probably overlies volcanic bedrock at a depth of about 300 m below sea level. The classical Ghyben-Herzberg freshwater lens does not exist on Niue Island. Results of electrical resistivity depth probes indicate that in the centre of Niue the freshwater layer is 40-80 m thick and beneath the former atoll rim it is 50-170 m thick. It decreases to 0 within 500 m of the coast, where salt water mixing occurs along fissures in the limestone. The irregular configuration of the freshwater layer is ascribed to permeability differences in the limestone. Considering the recharge conditions on Niue, the safe yield of a freshwater layer 50 m thick would be about 4000 m^3 of groundwater per year per hectare. Aquifer tests on two specially constructed bores indicate specific capacity (yield-to-drawdown ratio) of about 12 I/s per metre of drawdown, and a safe long-term pumping rate of about 8 I/s.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, NU, Published_External, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Videos, images, and positional information from NERP Marine Biodiversity Hub survey of the Solitary Islands KEF (GA0338)

A survey of the Solitary Islands Key Ecological Feature (KEF - GA survey 0338) was conducted on the R.V. Bombora between Tuesday, August 7th 2012 and Thursday, August 16th 2012, in collaboration with the New South Wales (NSW) Office of Environment and Heritage as part of GA's commitment to the National Environmental Research Programme (NERP)'s Marine Biodiversity Hub.  The survey collected forward-facing mono video, forward-facing stereo video, and downward facing stills.  The geographic position of the system was determined using a GPS system, and the location of the towed camera body was monitored using a USBL system.  The aims of the survey were to characterize benthic habitat in areas of the Solitary Islands Key Ecological Feature, and to compare and contrast the effectiveness of different methods for capturing visual representations of biological communities.

Stereo video:  2x GoPro Hero 2 cameras in Patima housings with 30cm spacing.
Mono video:
Stills:         Nikon D700, Easydive Leo II housing with dome port

The data is organized by survey date, followed by full transect number.  Within each transect, there are 4 folders titled:

GoPro       Stereo GoPro .MP4 files, 1080i, medium FOV, NTSC 30 fps
Nikon       Downward Facing Stills, .JPG
Streampix   Mono video files in Norpix .SEQ format
Tracklink   USBL positional information from Tracklink Navigator 1500.7.4.0

Days 4 and 5 are together in one folder because these transects were incomplete, and are not suitable for scientific analysis.

There is an additional folder titled DGPS Log which contains the full set of files containing the GPS position of the R/V Bombora while surveying.

Tags: Earth Sciences, HVC_144640, Multimedia, NERP, NERP Marine Biodiversity Hub, Published_External, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Understanding potential resource prospectivity 1D burial and thermal history modelling of the Adavale Basin

Lateral variation in maturity of potential Devonian source rocks in the Adavale Basin have been investigated using nine 1D burial thermal and petroleum generation history models, constructed using existing open file data. These models provide an estimate of the hydrocarbon generation potential of the basin. Total organic carbon (TOC) content and pyrolysis data indicate that the Log Creek Formation, Bury Limestone and shale units of the Buckabie Formation have the most potential as source rocks. The Log Creek Formation and the Bury Limestone are the most likely targets for unconventional gas exploration.

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The models were constructed used geological information from well completion reports to assign formation tops and stratigraphic ages to then forward-model the evolution of geophysical parameters. The rock parameters, including facies, temperature, organic geochemistry/petrology, were used to investigate source rock quality, maturity and kerogen type. Suitable boundary conditions were assigned for paleo-heat flow, paleo-surface temperature and paleo-water depth. The resulting models were calibrated using bottom hole temperature and measured vitrinite reflectance data.

&nbsp;

The results correspond relatively well with published heat flow predictions, however a few wells show possible localised heat effects that differ from the overall basin average. The models indicate full maturation of the Devonian source rocks with generation occurring during the Carboniferous and again during the Late Cretaceous. Any potential accumulations may be trapped in Devonian sandstone, limestone and mudstone units, as well as overlying younger sediments of the Mesozoic Eromanga Basin. Accumulations could be trapped by localised deposits of the Cooladdi Dolomite and other marine, terrestrial clastic and evaporite units around the basin. Migration of the expelled hydrocarbons may be restricted by overlying regional seals, such as the Wallumbilla Formation of the Eromanga Basin. Unconventional hydrocarbons are a likely target for the Adavale Basin with potential either for tight or shale gas in favourable areas from the Log Creek Formation and Bury Limestone.

This Abstract was submitted/presented to the 2023 Australian Exploration Geoscience Conference 13-18 Mar (https://2023.aegc.com.au/)

Tags: Adavale Basin, Basin Inventory, Devonian, Published_External, Resource geoscience, burial history, petroleum systems modelling, thermal history
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Seabed morphology and geomorphology of the Beagle Marine Park, south-eastern Australia, Version 1 WMS

This OGC Web Map Service (WMS) contains geospatial seabed morphology and geomorphology information for the Beagle Marine Park (South-east Marine Parks Network) and is intended for use by marine park managers, regulators and other stakeholders. This web service uses the data product published in Nanson et al. (2023); eCat Record 147976.

Tags: Geomorphology, Geomorphology and Earth Surface Processes, Mapping, Morphology, Parks Australia, Published_External, Seabed, Spatial, WMS, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data