AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Geochemical characteristics of early Carboniferous petroleum systems in Western Australia

A geochemical study was conducted to establish oil-oil correlations and evaluate potential source rocks within the latest Devonian–earliest Carboniferous succession of the onshore Canning Basin, Western Australia. Aromatic hydrocarbons, together with the routinely used saturated biomarker ratios and stable carbon isotopes, demonstrate that the recently discovered Ungani oilfield located on the southern margin of the Fitzroy Trough are similar, but not identical, to the early Carboniferous Larapintine 4 (L4) oil family present to the north of the Fitzroy Trough on the Lennard Shelf. The L4 oil family has been correlated to a lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) source rock core sample from the Laurel Formation at Blackstone-1 although its bulk geochemical properties signify that it could generate substantially more gas than liquid hydrocarbons.


The Ungani oils can be distinguished from the L4 oils by their higher concentrations of paleorenieratane and isorenieratane, coupled with more depleted &delta;13C values for n-alkanes, pristane and phytane compared with other components. Hopane isomerisation ratios show distinct grouping of the two oil families that reflect both source and maturity variations. The oil from Wattle-1 ST1 on the Lennard Shelf also has an unusual composition, exhibiting some molecular and isotopic features similar to both the L4 and Ungani oils. Source rocks for the Ungani and Wattle-1 ST1 oils are unknown since their geochemical signature does not match that of the Tournaisian Laurel Formation or the Middle−Upper (Givetian–Frasnian) Devonian Gogo Formation which sourced the Devonian-reservoired Larapintine 3 oils at Blina and Janpam North-1. It is postulated that such potential oil-prone source rocks could occur within the Famennian–Tournaisian succession.

Citation: Gemma Spaak, Dianne S. Edwards, Clinton B. Foster, Andrew Murray, Neil Sherwood, Kliti Grice, Geochemical characteristics of early Carboniferous petroleum systems in Western Australia, Marine and Petroleum Geology, Volume 113, 2020, 104073, ISSN 0264-8172.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104073

Tags: Biomarkers, Canning Basin, Carboniferous, Devonian, EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, Ungani oilfield, alkylbenzenes, aromatic carotenoids, oil-sourced correlation, photic zone euxinla, stable carbon isotopes
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Disturbance of Intertidal Sediments: The Response of Bacteria and Foraminifera

Incubation experiments are common in marine experimental studies but the impact on organisms and geochemical parameters is poorly understood. Here, the re-establishment of vertical bacterial and foraminiferal zonation in intertidal sediments was studied after sieving and subsequent incubation of sediment. Living (Rose Bengal stained) foraminifera were counted and redox sensitive elements in the pore water were measured using a voltammetric microelectrode. Bacterial abundances were quantified using phospholipid derived fatty acid (PLFA) methyl esters in the range of C12-C22 released from intact phospholipids.

Foraminifera appeared to be predominantly dependent on the presence of oxygen; they re-migrated to the top oxygenated 3 mm of the sediment within 21 days. Total bacterial abundance did not re-establish to original levels even after 49 days. Total fatty acid concentration increased to a depth of at least 70 mm in the field, but decreased with depth in the sieved sediments of the microcosms. This difference is attributed to macrobenthic activity and physical mixing in the field, causing an increased downward flux of electron acceptors (O2, NO3-, Mn(IV), Fe(III)) which is essential for dissimilatory processes at some centimetres depth. In the experimental microcosms, where macrobenthos was removed by sieving, foraminifera alone were not capable of this sediment mixing. The relative amounts of the individual PLFAs were constant with depth, which indicates that no differentiation with depth of the bacterial population by means of bacterial PLFAs could be established both in the field and in the experimental situation. The artificial disturbance led to a long-term change in the vertical bacterial distribution, which was not re-established during the incubation time of 49 days.

Tags: Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
AHO Reference Surfaces Hobart 0.5m and 1m 2023 (20230017R)

The Hobart Reference Surfaces bathymetry survey was acquired for the Australian Hydrographic Office (AHO) on 10 Oct to 8 Nov 2021. This surface was created from a contracted national reference survey in Hobart TAS, collected for the purpose of calibrating multibeam echosounders.&nbsp;It was conducted for the Australian Hydrographic Office as part of the Hydroscheme Industry Partnership Program, acquired using Kongsberg EM2040D, and processed using QPS Qimera. Separate grids in 0.5m and 1m resolutions are provided for the two surveyed sites within this survey area in MSL, LAT and Ellipsoid vertical datum. The dataset was then exported as 0.5m and 1m resolutions, 32 bit floating point GeoTIFF grid of the survey area.

This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes.

Tags: AusSeabed, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth Science | Oceans | Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography | Bathymetry, HVC-144641, Oceans, Published_External, bathymetric grids, bathymetry, multibeam
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
IMOS - AusCPR: Phytoplankton Colour Index (PCI)

The Australian Continuous Plankton Recorder (AusCPR) survey is a joint project of CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CMAR) and the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) to measure plankton communities as a guide to the health of Australia's oceans. The phytoplankton colour index data are analysed as per Richardson et al 2006. It is advised that anyone using the data should first read this methodology or contact the project contact person. The aims of the AusCPR survey are to: * map plankton biodiversity and distribution * develop the first long-term plankton baseline for Australian waters * document plankton changes in response to climate change * provide indices for fisheries management * detect harmful algal blooms * validate satellite remote sensing * initialise and test ecosystem models Servicing and maintenance of the CPRs and analysis of the samples for the AusCPR survey will be carried out by staff based at the CMAR laboratories in Queensland and at the AAD in Hobart. The project was funded by the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) and falls with the Ships of Opportunity facility. Data storage and access is planned to be interoperable with other national and international programs through the IMOS Infrastructure. Results from the AusCPR survey are available through the AODN portal: https://portal.aodn.org.au. This data is freely available but please acknowlegment all relevant parties, as detailed in acknowledgement section. Additional information for this dataset may be available via the original MarLIN metadata entry: https://marlin.csiro.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/e210cb45-910a-79c2-e043-08114f8c7800 

This dataset has been superseded by the "IMOS - Phytoplankton Abundance and Biovolume (CPR)" collection that is available at  https://catalogue-imos.aodn.org.au/geonetwork/srv/api/records/8e594cd1-363a-4b58-b741-9fa3624adb77 (this collection was removed from the AODN Portal in March 2022).

Tags: Countries | Australia, Countries | New Zealand, Global / Oceans | Indian Ocean, Global / Oceans | Pacific Ocean, Oceans | Marine Biology | Marine Microbiota, Oceans | Ocean Chemistry | Organic Matter, Oceans | Ocean Temperature | Water Temperature, Oceans | Salinity/Density | Salinity, Regional Seas | Arafura Sea, Regional Seas | Coral Sea, Regional Seas | Tasman Sea, Regional Seas | Timor Sea, States, Territories (Australia) | New South Wales, States, Territories (Australia) | Northern Territory, States, Territories (Australia) | Queensland, States, Territories (Australia) | South Australia, States, Territories (Australia) | Tasmania, States, Territories (Australia) | Victoria, States, Territories (Australia) | Western Australia
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Law of the Sea. Teacher notes and student activities on Australia's offshore territory

A comprehensive black and white teachers' guide reviews the history and development of the United Nation's Convention on the Law of the Sea and its application to Australian marine jurisdiction. Case studies on the North West Shelf, Antarctica and Orange Roughy are included. 108 page booklet with student activities and suggested answers. Suitable for secondary geography and science students Years 8-12.

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, Educational Product, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, coasts, continental margins, geoscience education, hydrocarbons, marine, marine jurisdiction
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
South-west Corner Marine Park survey – bathymetry (GA-4858)

This resource includes bathymetry data for South-west Corner Marine Park collected by Geoscience Australia during the periods 9 – 12 March 2020 and 27 January – 16 February 2021 on the charter vessel Santosha. The survey was undertaken as a collaborative project with the University of Western Australia, the University of Tasmania and the Australian Centre for Field Robotics (University of Sydney), and funded through the National Environmental Science Program Marine Biodiversity Hub, with co-investment by all partners and the Director of National Parks. The purpose of the project was to build baseline information for benthic habitats on the continental shelf in the marine park that will support ongoing environmental monitoring within the South-West Marine Park Network as part of the 10-year management plan (2018-2028). Data acquisition for the project included multibeam bathymetry and backscatter for an area covering 330 km^2 (excluding transit) offshore from Cape Naturaliste to Cape Leeuwin coast, with underwater imagery of benthic communities and demersal fish collected by the University of Western Australia on separate field deployments. This bathymetry dataset contains a 5 m resolution 32-bit geotiff file of the survey area produced from the processed Kongsberg EM2040C multibeam sonar system using CARIS HIPS and SIPS software. For further information see: Giraldo-Ospina, A. et al., 2021. South-west Corner Marine Park Post Survey Report. Report to the National Environmental Science Program, Marine Biodiversity Hub.

This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes.

Tags: AusSeabed, Bathymetric grids, Bathymetry, EARTH SCIENCES, HVC_144641, Marine, Multibeam, Published_Internal
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Australian petroleum accumulations report. Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia

Seventy three petroleum accumulations have been found to 30 June 1992 in the Carnarvon Basin. Most accumulations occur offshore in the northern part of the basin, in Triassic to Cretaceous sedimentary rocks.  This Mesozoic sequence was deposited in a series of sub-basins associated with the rifting of the Australian and Indian plates.  Petroleum accumulations are found in the Barrow, Dampier and Exmouth Sub-basins, the Exmouth Plateau, and the Peedamullah/Onslow Shelf.

Trapping mechanisms include structural and stratigraphic traps at several levels in the Mesozoic sequence.  The largest known gas and oil fields in the basin are reservoired in pre-rift Triassic fluvio-deltaic sands and post-rift Cretaceous marginal marine sandstones.  Several significant accumulations, including the Wanaea and Cossack oil accumulations, occur in the Jurassic syn-rift sequence, which includes marine shelf, slope and basin floor sandstones.

Source and seal for many accumulations are provided by marine prodelta shales and by restricted occurrences of deep marine shales, both of Jurassic age.  Cretaceous marine claystones also act as seals, often by juxtaposition of these impermeable sediments against reservoirs across faults.

Thirteen developments were in place, as at 30 June 1992, to produce petroleum from the Carnarvon Basin and a further nine were planned, not including the planned Wandoo production test.  Development infrastructure offshore consists of manned and unmanned platforms and monopods, seapoles and pipelines, while onshore facilities include the gas processing facilities and LNG plant at Karratha, the Tubridgi gas plant, the Harriet gas gathering facility on Varanus Island, oil processing or storage plants on Varanus, Thevenard, Airlie and Barrow Islands and offloading facilities at these islands.  The Talisman development using a floating production facility ceased production in August 1992 and was decommissioned in October 1992.

Tags: AU-WA, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Report, petroleum exploration, petroleum geology
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Image Collection - RV Investigator Voyage IN2024_V02 - Monitoring basketwork eels (Diastobranchus capensis) on Patience seamount

This data set contains the imagery collected on the Marine National Facility (MNF) RV Investigator voyage IN2024_V02, titled ‘SOTS: Southern Ocean Time Series automated moorings for climate and carbon cycle studies southwest of Tasmania’. The voyage took place between 31/03/2024 and 19/04/2024 (AEST), departing from Hobart and ending in Hobart. Imagery and acoustics were collected as part of a piggy-back project at Patience seamount to contribute data to CSIRO Project OD-227021 Monitoring KNVs in marine parks using acoustic and optical methods ('basketwork eel').

Instrument(s) used to collect this data:
MNF Deep Towed camera (DTC)

Datasets include: 
Video (oblique forward view)
Stereo stills (oblique forward view)
Navigational data

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
The new normal for geoscience in a post-COVID world: connecting informed people with the Earth

We consider how our society can use data, information and knowledge of the Earth under a broad definition of geoscience to better connect with the Earth system.  This is important in our changing world, in particular how geoscience contributes to our response to the societal impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ultimately, informed decisions utilizing the best geoscience data and information provide key parts of our economic, environmental and cultural recovery from the pandemic. The connection to country and more widely connection to our planet and the greater Earth system that comes from personal experience has been especially challenged in 2020. Much of Australia’s population have been encouraged to stay in our homes, first because of major fires and more recently in response to isolation from the COVID-19 pandemic. Although domestic travel became increasingly allowable, international travel has been restricted for much longer.  This has increased the importance of trusted data and information initially from domestic locations and for more extended time between countries that are now less accessible. We discuss ways that geoscience governs our discovery and use of minerals, energy and groundwater resources and builds resilience and adaptation to environmental and cultural change. A broad definition of geoscience also includes positioning and location data and information, such as through integrated digital mapping, satellite data and real-time precise positioning. Important here is sharing, with two-way exchange of data, information and knowledge about the Earth, through outreach in geoscience education programs and interactions with communities across Australia, into neighboring countries in Asia and the Pacific, and across the world. An aspiration is for geoscience to inform social license through evidence-based decisions, such as for land and marine access, for a strong economy, resilient society and sustainable environment. At Geoscience Australia, we have developed a ten years strategic plan (Strategy 2028) that guides us to be a trusted source of information on Australia’s geology and geography for government, industry and community decision making. This will contribute to a safer, more prosperous and well-informed Australia and its connection to neighbouring countries, such as in Asia, as well as people that are better connected to country and our planet.

Citation: Hill, S., Thorne, J., Przeslawski, R., Mouthaan, R., Lewis, C. The 'new normal' for geoscience in a post-COVID world: connecting informed people with the Earth. Thai Geoscience Journal Volume 2 (2) 2021, p30-37 021 ISSN-2730-2695; DOI-10.14456/tgj.2021.3

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, community education and outreach, earth system science, environment, geoscience, mapping, resource
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Sequence stratigraphy: a review of fundamental concepts and their application to petroleum exploration and development in Australia

Sequence stratigraphic concepts and techniques provide a powerful tool to analyse and predict stratal architecture and facies patterns within sedimentary basins.  The concepts are based on an analysis of cyclic sedimentation patterns in terms of changes in sediment accommodation and sediment supply.  Sediment accommodation, the potential space available for sediments to accumulate, is controlled by the combined effects of eustasy and tectonic subsidence or uplift.  Sequence stratigraphy involves the analysis of these sediment accommodation cycles within a time-stratigraphic framework, and subdivides sedimentary successions on the basis of key surfaces (unconformities, flooding surfaces) into a systematic and predictable distribution of depositional units or system tracts.  The distribution of petroleum systems and key petroleum play elements (e.g., sand-shale ratio, reservoir type and connectivity, organic-rich shales and coals, marine shale seals etc,) can also be shown to be largely controlled by changes in sediment accommodation and sediment supply, Thus, sequence stratigraphic techniques provide a powerful tool to analyse petroleum systems and to predict the distribution of potential reservoirs, sources and seals for hydrocarbon accumulations.  The basic principles of sequence stratigraphy are independent of time and scale, such that large-scale sequences can be successively divided into progressively smaller scale or higher order sequences.  This notion of sequence hierarchy has important implications for hydrocarbon exploration, since the relative degree of development or dominance of depositional systems tracts (and their constituent play elements) is determined by the position of a particular sequence within a lower order sequence.  These lower order sequences thereby determine source-prone or reservoir-prone fairways.  Sequence stratigraphic concepts are now routinely applied to hydrocarbon exploration in Australia, including: the prediction of regional hydrocarbon systems, the search for specific depositional systems and reservoir-seal plays, and the hig h-resolution analysis of reservoirs for field development purposes, A review of recent applications to regional and specific hydrocarbon systems in the onshore Canning and offshore Carnarvon Basins highlights the potential of these techniques to influence future exploration strategy and mitigate exploration risk in Australias onshore and offshore basins.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Dynamics and connectivity of the Bonney Coast Upwelling on a daily scale using the Himawari-8 dataset

The Bonney Coast Upwelling (BCU) is a key ecological feature in the Australian marine regime; it helps contribute to the largest fin fish based fishery in Australian waters and is a feeding ground for the endangered blue whales. The BCU is a seasonal wind driven feature that operates intermittently (on the time scale of between a few days to a couple of weeks) throughout the Austral summer. Since its discovery in the late seventies, the region has been investigated using a range of physical oceanographic techniques, from shipboard sampling to modelling and remote sensing. The latter of which has, until recently, been limited by the temporal frequency of the MODIS and AVHRR passes over the Australasian region, (twice a day) making the data susceptible to cloud contamination. The geostationary Himawari-8 satellite, which became operational in late 2015, is an ideal platform to provide adequate temporal resolution to overcome the cloud contamination problem. This study generates sea surface temperature (SST) daily composites from hourly Himawari-8 images, during the period from November 2016 - March 2017. A topographical position index method is used to isolate the upwelling signatures in the Bonney Coast region from these daily images. With the BCU mapped on a daily basis, we are able to, for the first time, quantitatively investigate the spatial and temporal development of the BCU from onset to termination during an entire upwelling season. In addition, the study will also be able to investigate the connectivity between the BCU and other local upwelling features off Kangaroo Island and the Eyre Peninsula.

Presented at the 2017 Australian Marine Sciences Association (AMSA) Conference

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, Upwelling, remote sensing
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island Marine Parks Satellite-Derived Bathymetry Acquisition (20220016S)

The Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island Marine Parks&nbsp;Bathymetry was derived by EOMAP form multispectral satellite data from WorldView-3 satellite sensor. This was acquired by the Australian Government as part of the Marine Parks Grant - Round 3, in 2022-2023 and undertaken by EOMAP Australia Pty Ltd and EOMAP GmbH &amp; Co.KG. The survey area encompasses the Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island Marine Parks in Western Australia. These critical geospatial data layers provide the essential environmental baseline information for the long-term monitoring and management of these Marine Parks. Mapping the shallow water zone is of importance both from an environmental and socioeconomic perspective. Having access to digital, georeferenced, high-resolution maps of bathymetry and benthic habitats of shallow water areas, is of fundamental use in the areas of navigation, ecological research, environmental modelling, management and conservation, and monitoring the impacts from climate change. Bathymetry data was processed using the physics-based inversion method to derive quantitative information of the shallow water bathymetry using the reflected sunlight energy in different wavelengths of the visible and near infrared region. This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes. This dataset is published with the permission of the CEO, Geoscience Australia.

Tags: AusSeabed, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth Science | Oceans | Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography, HVC_144641, Oceans, Published_External, Satellite-Derived Bathymetry, WorldView-3, bathymetric grids, bathymetry, satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB)
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network