AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Cruise Proposal : Otway Basin, South-eastern Australia : Deep Crustal Seismic Data Acquisition, Late 1994/Early 1995 Project

It is proposed to acquire up to approximately 4000 km of deep crustal seismic data across the offshore Otway Basin in the period from early December 1994 to late January 1995. The principal goals of the survey (AGSO Survey 137) are to determine the deep crustal architecture of the offshore Otway Basin, to characterise the linkages between the Otway Basin and the flanking Bass Basin, Kanmantoo High and oceanic crust, and thereby to characterise the large scale extensional processes which led to the
development of the Otway Basin as part of the larger Southern Rift System. In addition, the survey is designed to test many of the newer concepts which have arisen from the interpretation of AGSO's recently acquired aeromagnetic data. The integration of the deep crustal seismic and the aeromagnetic data sets should significantly enhance our understanding of the basin architecture, as well as provide new insights into the usefulness of high resolution aeromagnetic data in sedimentary
basins. In order to constrain crustal velocities, seismic refraction data will be recorded on key lines.

In line with recent AGSO deep-seismic surveys, the Otway Basin survey will use a 4800 m streamer, configured with 192 x 25 m active groups; data will be recorded with a 16 second record length, and a 2 millisecond sample interval; the seismic source will be tuned airgun arrays with a total capacity of 49 litres, and will be fired every 50 metres to give 48-fold CDP coverage. Navigation will be by differential GPS. Using these parameters on the North West Shelf and in the Gippsland Basin, AGSO has
consistently obtained high-quality deep seismic data, with interpretable reflectors down to 8-12 s 'FWT, as well as obtaining good resolution in the upper 6 s of seismic data, which is normally the limit recorded by industry.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, marine, marine survey, seismics
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
GEOMAT - Modelling of Continental Shelf Sediment Mobility in Support of Australia's Regional Marine Planning Process

GEOMA T is a geological-oceanographic computer modelling project which aims to enhance
our understanding of the processes controlling sediment mobilisation on the Australian
continental shelf. This report describes tidal and surface ocean swell-wave models and their
application to studies of shelf sediment mobilisation. The work has been carried out over the
past 2 years by a team of collaborators from AGSO, the University of Tasmania, the
Australian Bureau of Meteorology and Kort &amp; Matrikelstyrelsen, Geodetic Division in
Denmark.
Our models predict that swell wave energy is sufficient to mobilise fine sand (0.1 mm
diameter), on at least one occasion during the year March 1997 to February 1998, over 63.5%
of the Australian continental shelf. The largest and most powerful waves were able to
mobilise fine sand up to a water depth of 148 m in the Great Australian Bight. Tidal currents
are capable of mobilising fine sand at least once per semi-lunar cycle (ie. -2 weeks) over
about 56.4% of the shelf.
Overlaying the wave and tide threshold exceedence maps demonstrates that there are areas on
the shelf where one process dominates, some areas where tides and waves are of relatively
equal importance and still other areas where neither process is significant. We defined 6 shelf
regions of relative wave and tidal energy: zero (no-mobility); waves-only, wave-dominated,
mixed, tide-dominated and tides-only. The relative distribution of these regions varies with
grain size. Inclusion of estimated mean grain size is being undertaken at the present time and
this will enhance the usefulness of the regionalisations.
GEOMA T provides a predictive, process-based understanding of the shelf sedimentary
system. It helps to explain the distribution patterns of surficial sediments and will probably
be useful for mapping biological habitats and communities, although further work is needed
to better define these relationships. GEOMA T provides a useful tool that will assist with
marine environmental management in general, and with the National Ocean's Office regional
marine planning process in particular. It has demonstrated applications to marine engineering
projects where shelf sediment mobilisation is of concern and to regional studies of pollution
dispersal and accumulation.

Tags: AU-EEZ, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, bathymetry, continental margins, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Palaeogeographic reconstructions: Revealing the lithological variability of the Gage Sandstone and South Perth Shale, Offshore Vlaming Sub-basin

The Early Cretaceous Gage Sandstone and South Perth Shale are a prospective reservoir-seal pair in the Vlaming Sub-basin. Plays include post-breakup pinch-outs of the Gage Sandstone against the Valanginian Unconformity with the South Perth Shale forming a top seal. The Gage reservoir has core porosities of 9.5-23.9% and permeabilities from 52-1340 mD. It was deposited in palaeotopographic lows of the Valanginian breakup unconformity and is the lowstand component of the thick deltaic South Perth (SP) Supersequence. To characterise the reservoir-seal pair, a sequence stratigraphic analysis was conducted by integrating 2D seismic interpretation, well log analysis and new biostratigraphic data. Palaeogeographic reconstructions for the SP Supersequence were derived by mapping higher-order prograding packages and documenting changes in relative sea level and sediment supply. High resolution reconstructions of the Gage reservoir were based on seismic facies mapping. The Gage reservoir forms part of a sand-rich submarine fan system and ranges from canyon-confined inner fan deposits to middle fan deposits on a basin plain. Directions of sediment supply are complex, with major sediment contributions from a northern and southern canyon adjacent to the Mandurah Terrace. The characteristics of the SP Supersequence differ between the north and south due to variations in palaeotopography and sediment supply. Palaeogeographic reconstructions for the SP Supersequence portray a complex early post-rift depositional history in the central Vlaming Sub-basin. They reveal a series of regressions and transgressions leading to infilling of the palaeodepression.

APPEA

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Poster/Image, Published_External, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Bight Basin Geological Sampling and Seepage Survey: R/V Southern Surveyor Survey SS01/2007

The Bight Basin Sampling and Seepage Survey (SS01/2007), was undertaken in February-March 2007 as the final data acquisition activity of the Commonwealth Government's New Petroleum Program (2003-2007). The survey was designed to address two key petroleum systems issues in the Bight Basin. In order to assist in our understanding of the distribution of source rocks in the basin, the survey aimed to sample the distal facies of potential source intervals of Albian-Santonian age at locations on the seaward edges of the Ceduna and Eyre Terraces. Secondly, the survey aimed to investigate the presence of active petroleum systems by sampling and obtaining geophysical data at potential natural hydrocarbon seepage sites across the Ceduna Sub-basin.

Nine areas of interest were identified for surveying in the eastern Bight Basin, including areas where the targeted Albian-Santonian section outcrops on the seafloor, and areas where there was seismic and other geophysical and remotely sensed evidence of possible hydrocarbon seepage. The survey, took place from 24 February-17 March 2007 using the Marine National Facility vessel R/V Southern Surveyor.

The survey successfully sampled all nine targeted areas and collected 37 dredge hauls, 69 gravity cores and 15 grab samples, as well as 4600 km of swath data, and 2400 km of sub-bottom profile data.

The Bight Basin Sampling and Seepage Survey was very successful in addressing the most critical of its objectives, recovering samples from the exposed up-dip northwestern edge of the Ceduna Sub-basin that provide the first evidence for a world-class marine Cretaceous source rock in the Bight Basin.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, marine, marine survey, petroleum geology, sedimentary basins
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Offshore Acreage Release 2007 3D VRML Models

The regular release of offshore acreage is a key part of the Australian Government's strategy to encourage investment in petroleum exploration. This CD product contains six interactive 3D VRML models of the 2007 acreage release areas and was created for distribution at the 2007 APPEA conference and for later distribution via the web.

Tags: 3D model, AU, Earth Sciences, GIS, GIS Dataset, Published_External, marine, model, petroleum exploration, web mapping
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Browse Shelf Reef Polygons

Browse Shelf reef polygons were manually digitized from multibeam echosounder datasets collected on marine survey GA0345/GA0346/TAN1411 in October/November 2014. Reef areas were defined as exposed, hard substrate that are often raised above the surrounding seafloor. The continental shelf was defined using the 200 m depth contour. They were mapped using bathymetry and backscatter data along with bathymetric derivatives including; slope, hillshaded bathymetry and contours. Features were mapped at a scale of 1:10 000. This dataset is published with the permission of the CEO, Geoscience Australia.

Tags: Published_External, Western Australia, continental shelf, geomorphology, gis, key ecological feature, marine environmental baseline, reef
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Murray Basin hydrogeological inventory

This Murray Basin dataset contains descriptive attribute information for the areas bounded by the relevant spatial groundwater feature in the associated Hydrogeology Index map. Descriptive topics are grouped into the following themes: Location and administration; Demographics; Physical geography; Surface water; Geology; Hydrogeology; Groundwater; Groundwater management and use; Environment; Land use and industry types; and Scientific stimulus.

The Murray Basin, a significant sedimentary basin in Australia, displays varying sediment thickness across its expanse, with the thickest layers concentrated in its central regions. The basin's geological evolution is characterised by distinct depositional phases. During the Paleocene to Eocene Renmark Group phase, sedimentary deposits encompass fluvial sands at the base, transitioning into paralic carbonaceous clay and lignite layers. These sediments indicate the shift from riverine to shallow marine environments, dating back to the Paleocene and Eocene periods.

The Oligocene to Middle Miocene period encompasses the Ettrick Formation and Murray Group Limestone. The former includes marl, and the latter displays glauconitic grey-green marl and bryozoal limestone, revealing prevailing marine conditions during the Oligocene to Middle Miocene. In the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene Bookpurnong Formation, marine shelly dark grey clay and silt, previously known as the Bookpurnong Beds, coexist with Pliocene fluvial to marginal marine quartz sands (Loxton Sands), marking the transition back to terrestrial and nearshore marine settings.

During the Late Pliocene to Pleistocene, the Blanchetown Clay, a substantial unit within Lake Bungunnia, signifies lacustrine phases. Overlying ferricretes in the central/eastern basin and the Norwest Bend Formation's oyster coquinas in the western region, the clay exhibits variable coloration and laminations. Lastly, the Pleistocene to Holocene phase witnesses river-induced reworking and erosion of underlying sediments, giving rise to the Shepparton and Coonambidgal formations. In the western Murray Basin, Cenozoic sedimentary rocks are relatively thin, typically measuring under 200-300 meters. The Renmark Trough area presents a maximum thickness of 600 meters.

Tags: Basin Analysis, EARTH SCIENCES, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Environmental Management, Exploring for the Future, GEOLOGY, Groundwater, Hydrogeology, Land Use and Environmental Planning, National Groundwater Sytems, National Hydrogeological Inventory, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCE, Published_External, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy)
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
CSIRO Multibeam Backscatter Mapping of the Continental Shelf Backscatter 75m 2013 (20130147C)

A multi-beam sonar (MBS) has been used to map Australia's continental margin seabed from the marine national facility vessel Southern Surveyor on opportunistic transit and research voyages since 2004 with 0.35 M km2 mapped. The MBS data are used to infer key ecological features based on bathymetry (e.g. seamounts, canyons, terraces, banks and deep reefs) and backscatter data for ecological hard (consolidated, e.g. rock for attachment of fauna) and soft (unconsolidated, e.g. mud for burrowing fauna) substrate. Seabed consolidation inference is consistent with a seabed scattering model. To consistently infer ecological significant hard and soft substrate from the backscatter data requires minimisation of errors due to changing absorption (̃2 dB) with temperature and depth, calibration drift, changes in pulse length and estimates of area insonified due to seabed slope (&lt;8 dB). Area insonified corrections were required for both across and along-ship slopes. Highest corrections were needed for along-ship slopes in canyon regions and large incidence angles ( &gt;60°). A data collection and processing framework is described that works towards a national backscatter mapping program for environmental seabed mapping. Data collected and automated processing for depth, sound absorption and area insonified at level 2 of a possible 5 level data processing hierarchy is available. The final data was gridded at 75m resolution.

Not to be used for navigational purposes

Tags: AusSeabed, Australia-wide geoscience data, Backscatter, Bass Strait (Great Australian Bight), Bathymetry, Coral Sea, EARTH SCIENCES, Echo Multiplier (EM300), Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Carpentaria, Gulf of Guinea, Indian Ocean, Java Sea (East Indian Archipelago), Marine, Multibeam, Oceans, Offshore Mapping, Pacific Ocean, Published_External, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity, South Pacific Ocean, Tasman Sea, Torres Strait
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Kimberley Marine Park 30 m bathymetry and derived Morphological Surfaces

Australia has established a network of 58 marine parks within Commonwealth waters covering a total of 3.3 million square kilometres, or 40 per cent of our exclusive economic zone (excluding Australian Antarctic Territory). These parks span a range of settings, from near coastal and shelf habitats to abyssal plains. Parks Australia manages the park network through management plans that came into effect for all parks on 1 July 2018. Geoscience Australia is contributing to their management by collating and interpreting existing environmental data, and through the collection of new marine data.  “Eco-narrative” documents are being developed for those parks, where sufficient information is available, delivering collations and interpretations of seafloor geomorphology, oceanography and ecology. Many of these interpretations rely on bathymetric grids and their derived products, including those in this data release.


Geoscience Australia has developed a new marine seafloor classification scheme, which uses the two-part seafloor mapping morphology approach of Dove et al (2016). This new scheme is semi-hierarchical and the first step divides the slope of the seafloor into three Morphological Surface categories (Plain, &lt;2°; Slope, 2-10°; Escarpment, &gt;10°). This classification was applied to the portion of the Beaman and Spinnocia (2018) 30 m grid within the Kimberley Marine Park. 


This research is supported by the National Environmental Research Program Marine Biodiversity Hub through Project D1.


Beaman, R.J. and Spinoccia, M. (2018). High-resolution depth model for Northern Australia - 30 m. Geoscience Australia.


Dove, D., Bradwell, T., Carter, G., Cotterill, C., Gafeira, J., Green, S., Krabbendam, M., Mellet, C., Stevenson, A., Stewart, H., Westhead, K., Scott, G., Guinan, J., Judge, M. Monteys, X., Elvenes, S., Baeten, N., Dolan, M., Thorsnes, T., Bjarnadóttir, L., Ottesen, D. (2016). Seabed geomorphology: a twopart classification system. British Geological Survey, Open Report OR/16/001. 13 pages.

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Marine Biodiversity Hub, National Environmental Science Program, Published_External, bathymetry, bathymetry grid, marine, marine data
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australian Onshore and Offshore Boreholes WMS

This OGC conformant web service delivers data from Geoscience Australia's Boreholes database (borehole header and directional survey data) and associated geological observations (lithostratigraphic data). The data includes records of boreholes drilled by Geoscience Australia and its predecessor organisations (BMR, AGSO), all boreholes drilled in Australian Commonwealth offshore marine jurisdictions, and a selection of onshore boreholes drilled by government and private entities. Where possible this service conforms to the GeoSciML v4.1 data transfer standard.

Geoscience Australia is not a reporting or regulatory authority for borehole drilling.  Borehole information in Geoscience Australia's Boreholes database is sourced from various regulatory authorities in the States, Northern Territory and Commonwealth governments for Geoscience Australia research purposes.  Where Geoscience Australia is not the custodian of borehole data provided in this web service, the custodian agency provided with the data should be consulted as the authoritative source.

The data dictionary for this web service is at <a href="https://d28rz98at9flks.cloudfront.net/144576/144576_00_3.pdf">https://d28rz98at9flks.cloudfront.net/144576/144576_00_3.pdf</a>. For information on borehole status definitions, refer to <a href="https://db-content.ga.gov.au/data_dictionary/Borehole_Status_vocabulary_2021.pdf">https://db-content.ga.gov.au/data_dictionary/Borehole_Status_vocabulary_2021.pdf</a>

Tags: Published_External, WMS, borehole, borehole logging, borehole logs, borehole samples, geology, lithology, lithostratigraphy, stratigraphy, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
5028 Block 1 (Southwest) Grid of potassium ground concentration with NASVD and standard reductions applied

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
This radiometric potassium grid has a cell size of  degrees (approximately 20m) and shows potassium element concentration of the Narryer in units of percent (or %). The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 2024 by the WA Government, and consisted of 415090 line-kilometres of data at 100m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, K, NCI, Published_External, WA, airborne digital data, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, potassium, rad, radiometrics, raster, spectrometry, survey 5028
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Nannofossil and planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy around the Oligocene-Miocene boundary in parts of the Indo-Pacific region

Nannofossil evidence suggests that the up-sequence appearance of Globigerinoides quadrilobatus primordius is depth-related, and first occurs at a lower stratigraphic level in shallow marginal-marine than in deep oceanic sediments. The species is recorded associated with several late Oligocene nannofossil species, such as Sphenolithus ciperoensis, in three marginal-marine sections within the Indo-Pacific region; a study of the literature has revealed similar coeval occurrences elsewhere. However, evidence in deep oceanic sediments indicates that the lowest occurrence of G. quadrilobatus primordius is early Miocene in age. Globorotalia opima opima occurs with G. quadrilobatus primordius in one section; published data indicate that this overlap is repeated elsewhere. This suggests that the planktic foraminiferal Zones N.3 and N.4 should be combined into Zone N3/4, the base of which is defined by the lowest occurrence of Globigerinoides quadrilobatus primordius. To account for the difference in the timing of the lowest occurrence of G. quadrilobatus primordius in hemipelagic and oceanic sediments, changes in the thickness of the zone between the lysocline and carbonate compensation depth during the latest Oligocene, and bathymetric shifts of this zone during the earliest Miocene, are invoked. Evidence for precisely delineating the Oligocene-Miocene boundary is tenuous; the Globigerinoides datum is late Oligocene in age, contrary to the unratified recommendation of the Neogene Committee at Bologna in 1967, and at present no general agreement has been reached on nannofossil evidence to mark the boundary. For these reasons, a buffer zone representing the Oligocene-Miocene transition is suggested for the interval between the definite late Oligocene Sphenolithus ciperoensis (extinction) datum and the definite early Miocene Sphenolithus belemnos (base of range) datum. In hemipelagic sediments, this buffer zone may include several biostratigraphic events, such as the disappearance of the solution-prone Zygrhablithus bijugatus.

Tags: AUS, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Late Palaeozoic glaciomarine sediments beneath the Murray Basin, and their palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic significance

Sediments of the Late Palaeozoic Urana Formation in infrabasins beneath the Cainozoic Murray Basin include glaciomarine diamictite, fine-grained sediment, sandstone, and conglomerate facies. The facies assemblage is dominated by paratillites, formed by ice-rafting, and fine-grained sediments with a small ice-rafted component.  Rhythmically bedded siltstone and claystone, sediment gravity-flow diamictites, traction-current deposits, and, possibly, subglacial tillites are also present. Interpretation of the facies indicates that grounded-ice deposits are absent from the glaciomarine sequence over large areas of the basin and has enabled estimation of the likely limits of grounded ice. Palaeontological and sedimentological evidence suggests that these rocks were deposited towards the end of the major Late Palaeozoic glaciation of southeastern Australia.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, NSW, Published_External, SA, VIC, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data