AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Seafloor environments of the eastern Timor Sea, Northern Australia: Sediment oxygen demand of seabed sediments.

The Timor Sea and its tropical marine environment support significant and growing economic activity including oil and gas exploration. To reduce uncertainty in decision making regarding the sustainable use and ongoing protection of these marine resources, environmental managers and resource users require sound scientific information on the composition and stability of seabed environments and their biological assemblages. Surveys SOL4934 and SOL5117 to the eastern Joseph Bonaparte Gulf were undertaken in August and September 2009 and July and August 2010 respectively, in collaboration with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, with research collaborations from the RAN Australian Hydrographic Office, the Geological Survey of Canada and the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory. The purpose of these surveys were to develop biophysical maps, and deliver data and information products pertaining to complex seabed environment of the Van Diemen Rise and identify potential geohazards and unique, sensitive environments that relate to offshore infrastructure. This dataset comprises sediment oxygen demand measurments made on the upper 2 cm of seabed sediments.

Some relevant publications are listed below:
<ol>
<li>Heap, A.D., Przeslawski, R., Radke, L., Trafford, J., Battershill, C. and Shipboard Party. 2010. Seabed environments of the eastern Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, Northern Australia: SOL4934 Post Survey Report. Geoscience Australia Record 2010/09, pp.81.</li>
<li>Anderson, T.J., Nichol, S., Radke, L., Heap, A.D., Battershill, C., Hughes, M., Siwabessy, P.J., Barrie, V., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Tran, M., Daniell, J. &amp; Shipboard Party, 2011b. Seabed Environments of the Eastern Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, Northern Australia: GA0325/Sol5117 - Post-Survey Report. Geoscience Australia, Record 2011/08, 58pp.</li>
<li>Radke, L.C., Li, J., Douglas, G., Przeslawski, R., Nichol, S, Siwabessy, J., Huang, Z., Trafford, J., Watson, T. and Whiteway, T. Characterising sediments of a tropical sediment-starved continental shelf using cluster analysis of physical and geochemical variables. Environmental Chemistry, in press</li>
</ol>

Tags: AU-NT, Continental Shelf, Marine Data, Marine Geoscience, Published_External, geochemistry, marine, marine survey, seabed
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Cenozoic Volcanism of the Capel-Faust Basins, Northern Lord Howe Rise

A recent survey by Geoscience Australia acquired new exploration data and samples in the frontier offshore Lord Hose Rise (LHR) Capel-Faust region. This survey identified a number of volcanic features including cones, flows and sill-related features on the seafloor. Based on analysis of seismic data in the region (s302) and swath bathymetry, there are at least two distinct ages of volcanism exposed on the seafloor; Miocene-Pliocene (approximately 4-7 Ma) cones with a largely unmodified conical shape and Eocene-Oligocene volcanic features. The Eocene-Oligocene edifices can be seen on seismic profiles to extend from Palaeocene-Eocene and Eocene-Oligocene unconformities, in many cases overlying basement highs, through a blanket of marine ooze, to be exposed on the seafloor. Each cone is surrounded by a moat where the currents have eroded sediment. The Gifford Guyot (approximately 18 Ma), part of the Lord Howe Seamount chain was included in the survey area. Volcanic features are common on the seafloor of the Lord Howe Rise and in the neighbouring Tasman Basin, with two identified north-south seamount hotspot chains to the west of the Capel-Faust region that have been active from the Miocene to recent. The ZoNÃ©Co 5 survey also identified a few small conical seamounts on the northern LHR, along a roughly north-northwest trend, dated as Early Miocene.  The younger Capel-Faust seamounts are aligned with these and the age relationships suggest they could be part of a single seamount chain.  The older Eocene-Oligocene cones do not show any preferred alignment within the survey area and are too old to be related to the current hotspot activity identified in the region.

Presented to the Australian Earth Sciences Convention (AESC) 4 - 8th July 2010

Tags: Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, volcanology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Triassic provenance analysis of the Roebuck Basin, Australia

The Roebuck Basin is on Australia’s North West Shelf, between the Browse and northern Carnarvon basins. The basin consists of Paleozoic to recent fluvial to deep marine mudstones and sandstones, carbonate platforms and reefs, and volcaniclastics. Recent hydrocarbon discoveries in the Bedout Sub-basin have renewed exploration interest and changed existing perceptions about the regions prospectivity. 

The interpretation of U-Pb detrital zircon dating from offshore petroleum well cuttings provides new information regarding the origin of sediments and changes in sediment provenance. This analytical work has the potential to better understand reservoir quality within the Triassic Upper and Lower Keraudren deltas (and equivalent sequences). A range of detrital zircon age spectra were obtained. Analyses of zircon grain shapes (i.e. roundness) somewhat supports transportation of some distance, but could also signify multi-phase recycling. However, the combined detrital age spectra and grain shape reveals that the Roebuck Basin deltas had multiple sediment sources. The Roebuck Basin’s Triassic sediments appear to be derived from Australia’s interior, potentially transported either directly via large rivers or from subsequent sediment reworking and transport via long-shore drift. 

Seismostratigraphic interpretations have identified potential sediment transport mechanisms including clinoforms and submarine canyons. Significant landward uplift and erosion associated with the latest Permian-aged Bedout Movement supports the reworking of Permian sediments. Integration of additional samples, and linking these to palaeogeographic settings, will provide additional clarity of the potential Australian and non-Australian Triassic sediment sources. This study aims to provide further insight into the origin of the reservoir units in the Roebuck Basin.

Tags: Earth Sciences, Provenance analysis, Published_External, Seismostratigraphy, detrital zircon
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Canning Basin hydrogeological inventory

This Canning Basin dataset contains descriptive attribute information for the areas bounded by the relevant spatial groundwater feature in the associated Hydrogeology Index map. Descriptive topics are grouped into the following themes: Location and administration; Demographics; Physical geography; Surface water; Geology; Hydrogeology; Groundwater; Groundwater management and use; Environment; Land use and industry types; and Scientific stimulus.

The Canning Basin, characterized by mostly Paleozoic sedimentary rocks with a maximum thickness of over 15,000 m, went through four major depositional phases from Early Ordovician to Early Cretaceous. The basin contains two main depocenters, the Fitzroy Trough-Gregory Sub-basin in the north and the Willara Sub-basin-Kidson Sub-basin in the south. The depositional history includes marine, evaporite, fluvial, deltaic, glacial, and non-marine environments.

The basin's evolution began with extension and rapid subsidence in the Early Ordovician, followed by a sag stage with evaporite and playa conditions in the Late Ordovician and Silurian. The Devonian to Early Carboniferous phase involved marine, reef, fluvio-deltaic, and terrestrial sedimentation in the north and marginal marine to terrestrial systems in the south. The Late Carboniferous to mid-Triassic period saw non-marine and marine settings, including glacial environments.

The basin then experienced mid-Jurassic to Early Cretaceous deposition, mainly in deltaic and non-marine environments. Throughout its history, the Canning Basin encountered multiple tectonic phases, including extension, compression, inversion, and wrench movements, leading to various depositional settings and sediment types.

Around 250 petroleum wells have been drilled in the basin, with production mainly from Permo-Carboniferous sandstones and Devonian carbonates. Several proven and untested plays, such as draped bioherms, anticlinal closures, and fault blocks, provide potential for hydrocarbon exploration. Late Carboniferous and Jurassic mafic sills intersected in wells indicate additional geological complexity. Additionally, some areas of the Canning Basin are considered suitable for CO2 storage.

Tags: Basin Analysis, EARTH SCIENCES, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Environmental Management, Exploring for the Future, GEOLOGY, Groundwater, Hydrogeology, Land Use and Environmental Planning, National Groundwater Sytems, National Hydrogeological Inventory, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCE, Published_External, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy)
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Sedimentary cycles in the Surat Basin and global changes of sea level

Six sedimentary cycles, each hundreds of metres thick, have been recognised in the Surat Basin. The Jurassic cycles (nos. 1-4) typically started with high-energy deposition of coarse sediments, and ended with labile sand, silt, and mud. The environments are thought to have been braided streams, followed by meandering streams, swamps, lakes, and deltas. After a period of non-deposition or erosion, followed by a phase of high-energy deposition, the first Cretaceous cycle (no. 5) ended with marine mud; the second (cycle 6) started with paralic silt and sand and ended with shallow marine silt. The cycles are thought to be the result of global sea-level changes, characterised by rapid falls of sea level followed by slow rises, which, respectively, lowered and raised the base of erosion in the Surat Basin. During the Jurassic, the open sea lay several hundred kilometres to the east, and the sea only occasionally entered the basin, via the Brisbane and Toowoomba Straits. In the Cretaceous, the sea level was relatively higher and eustatic falls and rises of sea level led to alternating marine regressions and transgressions. The six Surat Basin cycles correspond in time to nine global sea-level oscillations. We think that some of the latter may have been too slight to be identified in the basin. There is also evidence that local isostatic movements may have exaggerated the impact of some global cycles and obscured that of others.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, NSW, Published_External, QLD, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The tectonic history of the Palaeozoic sediments of the Mossman 1:250 000 sheet area, north Queensland

This report describes the structure and tectonic history of the Palaeozoic sediments in the Mossman Sheet area. It is a preliminary report based on field mapping completed during the 1960 field season; a final report will be compiled when mapping of the Palaeozoic sediments in the adjacent Cooktown Sheet area is completed in 1961

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
A review of geophysical exploration for metals in Australia

This Record concerns geophysical surveys for deposits of metallic minerals. Part I is a list of official publications containing the results of such geophysical surveys made in Australia and New Guinea by Commonwealth Government organisations. Part II gives comments on some of the broader applications of geophysical methods to metalliferous prospecting, and describes the results that have been obtained in the different States of Australia.

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geology of the Stillwell Hills

The Stillwell Hills region comprises granulite facies gneisses which record evidence for multiple periods of deformation and metamorphism spanning more than 2500 Million years. The predominant orthogneiss package (Stillwell Orthogneiss) represents the margin of an Archaean craton exposed in Enderby Land, some 150 km to the west that was reworked during the late Proterozoic. Younger additions to the crust include Palaeoproterozoic charnockitic gneiss (Scoresby Charnockite) and Meso-Neoproterozoic mafic sills and dykes (Point Noble Gneiss, Kemp Dykes) and felsic pegmatites (Cosgrove Pegmatites). Subordinate supracrustal rocks, including metaquartzite, metapelitic, metapsammitic and calc-silicate gneiss (Dovers Paragneiss, Sperring Paragneiss, Stefansson Paragneiss, Keel Layered Paragneiss, Ives Gneiss) are intercalated and interfolded with the Archaean-Palaeoproterozoic orthogneisses.

Tags: 25K scale, AQ, Antarctic data, Geological Map, Geology, Published_External, geology, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction around Australia

Map showing Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction around the Australian Continent, not including Cocos Island, subantarctic territories or the AAT.
One of the 27 constituent maps of the "Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction Map Series" (GeoCat 71789).
Depicting Australia's extended continental shelf approved by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in April 2008.  Background bathymetric image is derived from a combination of the 2009 9 arc second bathymetric and topographic grid by GA and a grid by Smith and Sandwell, 1997. Background land imagery derived from Blue Marble, NASA's Earth Observatory.
A0 sized .pdf downloadable from the web.

Tags: Administrative Boundary, Earth Sciences, Published_External, Thematic Map, administrative boundaries, bathymetry, marine, marine jurisdiction
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Workflow for the development of tropical cyclone local wind fields: Tropical Cyclone Debbie, March 25–29, 2017

Here we demonstrate a workflow for the development of a local, corrected wind field for severe Tropical Cyclone (TC) Debbie. We combine modelling with corrections based on observations, and local wind effects including topography, land cover, shielding and direction to provide the best estimate of actual wind speeds. This is important, as wind speed observations are sparse, and do not necessarily provide even coverage of the TC landfall region. The final corrected wind field records the maximum 0.2 second wind gust, at 10 metres above ground, throughout the lifetime of TC Debbie, and provides a best estimate of maximum wind gust speeds associated with TC Debbie.

Through the development of this workflow we will demonstrate the importance of observational data for validating wind field modelling outputs, and highlight the usefulness of James Cook University’s mobile anemometers for collecting wind speed data where gaps exist in the Bureau of Meteorology’s automatic weather station network.

We identify the limitations in the availability of national land cover datasets at high resolution, and demonstrate the development of a fit-for-purpose land cover dataset using GA’s Digital Earth Australia Landsat archives (Lewis et al. 2017).

This report and the accompanying datasets have been released with the aim of showcasing a method, which can be refined by others to develop a standard methodology for the production of local TC wind fields. This workflow can be applied in the same way following future TC events to support the post-disaster field surveys that are routinely carried out by a range of parties following a severe TC making landfall. The local wind fields, combined with the damage surveys ultimately help to refine our vulnerability models of housing stock in Australia.

Tags: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Meteorology, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Modelling Bio-irrigation Rates in the Sediments of Port Phillip Bay

The introduction of a deuterium-enriched tracer to benthic incubation chambers emplaced on the sea floor of Port Phillip Bay provides a method of modelling bio-irrigation within the sediments. Plots of deuterium v. incubation time reveal that all seven chambers, emplaced at four sites, indicate nondiffusive transport of pore-water solutes across the sediment-water interface. Modelling indicates that advection of overlying chamber water must occur to depths of 20-50 cm below the interface and at rates between 150 and 700 mL h-1. Multiple chambers deployed in the same region within the bay are consistent with respect to bio-irrigation depth and rate. This indicates that the distribution of infauna responsible for irrigation is quite consistent within regions defined by sediment type and depth. However, various regions in the bay show distinctly different irrigation rates; thus the distribution and/or activity of infauna is not constant throughout the bay. At the lower rate of pore-water advection, the entire water column in Port Phillip Bay passes through the sediments within 200 days. Dissolved caesium, injected into the chamber, is also an effective tracer of bio-irrigation although adsorption onto sediment particles increases the uncertainty of model results.

Tags: AU-VIC, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine, resource management
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Seabed morphology and geomorphology of Cairns Seamount within the Coral Sea Marine Park, north-eastern Australia, Version 1 MapServer

This ESRI map (web) service contains geospatial seabed morphology and geomorphology information for Cairns Seamount within the Coral Sea Marine Park and are intended for use by marine park managers, regulators, the general public and other stakeholders. This web service uses the data product published in McNeil et al. (2023); eCat Record 147998.

Tags: Geomorphology, Geomorphology and Earth Surface Processes, MapServer, Mapping, Morphology, Parks Australia, Published_External, Seabed, Spatial, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Explanatory notes on the Wooramel Sheet. (BMR Explan. Notes and map.)

This record contains the accompanying notes for the Wooramel 1:250000 map sheet. The map is entirely the result of unpublished work of geologists of the Bureau of Mineral Resources and West Australian Petroleum Pty. Ltd. It was compiled by the author who is responsible for the interpretation presented in the map and section.

Tags: AU-WA, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Perth Basin hydrogeological inventory

This Perth Basin dataset contains descriptive attribute information for the areas bounded by the relevant spatial groundwater feature in the associated Hydrogeology Index map. Descriptive topics are grouped into the following themes: Location and administration; Demographics; Physical geography; Surface water; Geology; Hydrogeology; Groundwater; Groundwater management and use; Environment; Land use and industry types; and Scientific stimulus.

The Perth Basin is a complex geological region extending along Australia's southwest margin for about 1,300 km. It comprises sub-basins, troughs, terraces, and shelves, hosting sedimentary rocks with coal, oil, gas, and significant groundwater resources. Off the coast of Western Australia, it reaches depths of up to 4,500 m, while its onshore part extends up to 90 km inland. The basin is bounded by the Yilgarn Craton to the east, and the Carnarvon and Bremer basins to the north and south.

The basin's history involves two main rifting phases in the Permian and Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, creating 15 sub-basins with varying sedimentary thickness due to compartmentalization and fault reactivation. The sedimentary succession mainly comprises fluviatile Permian to Early Cretaceous rocks over Archean and Proterozoic basement blocks. Differences exist between northern and southern sequences, with the south being continental and the north featuring marine deposits.

During the Permian, faulting and clastic sedimentation dominated, with marine transgressions in the north and continental rocks in the south. The Triassic saw a similar pattern, with the southern succession being continental and the northern succession showing marine deposits. The Kockatea Shale became a primary hydrocarbon source. The Jurassic period witnessed marine incursions in the central basin, while the Late Jurassic experienced sea level regression and deposition of the Yarragadee Formation. The Cretaceous saw the formation of the Early Cretaceous Parmelia Group due to heavy tectonic activity. The southern basin had a marine transgression leading to the Warnbro Group's deposition with valuable groundwater resources. Post-Cretaceous, Cenozoic deposits covered the basin with varying thicknesses.

Overall, the Perth Basin's geological history reveals a diverse sedimentary record with economic and resource significance.

Tags: Basin Analysis, EARTH SCIENCES, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Environmental Management, Exploring for the Future, GEOLOGY, Groundwater, Hydrogeology, Land Use and Environmental Planning, National Groundwater Sytems, National Hydrogeological Inventory, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCE, Published_External, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy)
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian bryozoa of Australia

The original aim of this study was to investigate some of the early Palaeozoic Bryozoa of Australia so as to study the development of skeletal structures in the zoaria and the significance of distribution of species in the different stratigraphic successions. It was found that areas with abundant bryozoan faunas were not readily located; in many areas such as the Yass-Taemas and Tamworth districts, New South Wales, where Silurian and Devonian marine faunas are abundant, Bryozoa were poorly represented. Thus the work became an investigation of areas where Bryozoa were located. The Middle and Upper Ordovician exposures in parts of central-western New South Wales and the Middle and Upper Devonian sequence of the Fitzroy Basin (collected by the field parties of the Bureau of Mineral Resources) contained abundant bryozoan faunas at certain horizons; but they were not distributed continuously through any considerable thickness of succession. Many samples from which Bryozoa are described in the text are isolated occurrences from which two, sometimes three, species have been collected.

Tags: AU, Bulletin, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, palaeontology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The evolution of One Tree Reef, Southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland

One Tree Reef is one of fourteen reefs in the Capricorn Group, southern Great Barrier Reef. The reef has an asymmetrical triangular shape, 5.5 km long and 3 km wide, with a small coral shingle cay on the southeastern corner. One Tree Reef evolved from a karst carbonate platform, now 10 to 25m below sea level, but emergent during the last sea-level low before 9600-9000 years B.P. With rising sea level, vertical organic accretion was dominant, although there was some lateral accretion on the higher southeastern corner. By 4400 years B.P. the reef grew up into the influence of the present wind-induced southeasterly wave regime. Present reef shape approximates a bow of a ship facing into wind, with the resultant wave refraction and diffraction producing a symmetrical energy pattern which has influenced the present sediment pattern. This pattern is symmetrical about a lagoonal axis of interaction of wave fronts. Present lagoonal sedimentation is controlled by flood tide and swash or wave surge transport, swash sorting and slack water periods when sediment in suspension is deposited.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, QLD, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data