AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Predictive mineral discovery in the eastern Yilgarn Craton: an example of district-scale targeting of an orogenic gold mineral system

Predictive mineral discovery is concerned with the application of a whole of system process understanding to mineral exploration as opposed to an empirical deposit type approach. A mineral system process understanding can be derived from a consideration of five key questions, namely what is/are the: 1) geodynamic setting; 2) architecture; 3) sources and reservoirs; 4) drivers and pathways, and; 5) depositional mechanisms. The answers to these questions result in the identification of critical processes necessary for the function of a mineral system within a particular terrane, and permit the development of a targeting model. In this contribution we identify district scale critical orogenic gold mineral system processes for the late Archaean eastern Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia. During the geodynamic history of a terrane the critical processes which result in mineralisation change with time resulting in variations in mineralisation style. Proxies for critical processes have been mapped in an integrated GIS and are termed mappable mineral system process proxies (or MMSPP). In recognition of this, three separate time slices and a geochemical theme were analysed. Each MMSPP is given a weighting factor (WF) which reflects the spatial accuracy/coverage of the data and process criticality. For each theme/time-slice, a separate prospectivity map was created by summing the overlay or union of the spatial extent of each MMSPP, and adding the WF. A final target or prospectivity map was generated by a union of the four theme/time-slice prospectivity maps, and is tested against the known major deposits. The map 'discovered' the main gold camps and accounts for over 75% of the known gold in 5% of the area. This test verifies the process-based understanding and the appropriate mapping of the critical proxies. A further outcome from the map was the identification of a number of new target areas not known for significant gold mineralisation in what otherwise is thought to represent a mature terrane for gold exploration. The approach taken here has been to consider the Late Archaean gold deposits as a holistic system. Despite the recurring areas of uncertainty, this systems view has resulted in new findings that have generic applications to other mineral systems.

Tags: AU-WA, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, mineral exploration, pmd*CRC
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Paradise Creek 1:50 000 topographic map

Product Specifications Coverage: Partial coverage, predominantly in northern Australia, along major transport routes, and other selected areas. About 1000 maps have been published to date. Currency: Ranges from 1968 to 2006. Coordinates: Geographical and UTM. Datum: AGD66, new edition WGS84; AHD. Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Paper, flat copies only.

Tags: 50K scale, AU-QLD, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Lake Eyre - dose rate no nasvd grid (AWAGS)

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose. The total dose rate is due to natural sources of radiation and is computed by adding estimates of cosmic dose at ground level to the terrestrial dose. The terrestrial dose rate grid is derived as a linear combination of the filtered K, U and Th grids. A low pass filter is applied to this grid to generate the filtered total dose rate grid. 
The Geological Survey of South Australia commissioned the Gawler Craton Airborne Survey (GCAS) as part of the PACE Copper initiative. The airborne geophysical survey was flown over parts of the Gawler Craton in South Australia. The program was designed to capture new baseline geoscientific data to provide further information on the geological context and setting of the area for mineral systems. 
This Lake Eyre - dose rate no nasvd grid (AWAGS) has a cell size of 0.0004 degrees (approximately 41m) and shows the total dose rate of the Lake Eyre Airborne Magnetic Radiometric and DEM survey, SA, 2017 survey. The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 2017 by the SA Government, and consisted of 92215 line-kilometres of data at 200m line spacing and 60m terrain clearance.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, K, NCI, Published_External, SA, Th, U, airborne digital data, dose rate, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, potassium, rad, radiometrics, raster., rate, spectrometry, survey 1302, thorium, total dose, uranium
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geology of the Broken Hill ore deposit, Broken Hill, NSW

The lead-silver-zinc ore deposit of Broken Hill, New South Wales, is among the great ore deposits of the world because of its size, richness, and continuity. To the end of 194.6, approximately Â£50,000,000 in dividends had been won from recoverable metals worth Â£210,500,000 gross contained in 63,800,000 tons of ore. The deposit is a hypothermal deposit of Pre-Cambrian age resulting from the selective replacement of two closely adjacent, tightly and complexly folded stratigraphic rock layers. The original sedimentary rocks of the area now consist of tightly folded sillimanite-garnet gneisses with subordinate thin quartzite beds. These contain numerous folded sills of augen gneiss (granite), amphibolite (gabbro), and pegmatite. Post-folding peridotite, granite and pegmatite occur. Probably after considerable uplift and erosion, thin dykes of diabase (dolerite) were intruded, then pegmatite dykes and silicifying solutions, and finally ore-bearing solutions. The folds of the region are tight; steeply inclined, and extremely complex structures resulting from plastic deformation. Individual minor folds were studied in great detail by a method of axial-plane and axial-line analysis. An angular relationship exists between minor and major folds due to strain under torsional stresses. The regional pitch is flatly south. However, sudden reversals of pitch and divergences of pitch in adjacent folds are common. Second-order folds or folded folds exist. Cutting and offsetting the folds are buckles with vertical axes and crush zones of schisted rocks resulting from post-folding but pre-ore faulting movements. The lode occurs in a belt of attenuation between a wide arch on the west and a wide basin on the east. It consists of ma3sive lead-zinc-sulphide replacement orebodies forming (before erosion) a long continuous, irregular, flat, curving pencil of ore, 2,000 to 3,000 feet high and 300 feet thick. In longitudinal section it describes a flat arc pitching downward at each end. The lead lodes resulted from the selective replacement of two closely adjacent, highly folded, favourable beds. Each lode is distinguishable by its gangue mineralogy and metal ratios. No.3 Lens (the lower) has fluoritic rhodonitic gangue and comparatively high Zn:Pb and Ag:Pb ratios. No. 2 Lens, the upper, has calcitic gangue and comparatively low Zn :Pb and Ag :Pb ratios. At least three zinc lodes, with similar mineralogy, occur at higher stratigraphic horizons at the south end of the field. There is little observable zoning. Ore solutions are believed to have migrated up the regional pitch from the south. Intra-mineralization fracturing helped to localize ore shoots within favourable formations.

Tags: AU-NSW, Bulletin, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geoscience Australia Digital Science Strategy 2016

This strategy outlines the opportunities for Geoscience Australia to continue to apply first class geoscience to the most important challenges in the future by embracing Digital Science. The pace of change in technology is transforming just about every part of our lives, including the way we work, communicate, access services and do science. Science, in particular, has seen a dramatic increase on digital technology, so is itself becoming digital. Digital Science is a radical transformation of science due to technical and cultural changes which is more open, global, collaborative, creative and closer to society. Digital science is about the interplay among scientific data, scientific computing, platforms and people and is driven by the following trends:
● Science advice is expected to be available on demand
● Scientific questions are becoming increasingly complex.
● Scientific data is growing exponentially.
● Digital technologies have reached unprecedented capabilities.
As science is rapidly changing, the way Geoscience Australia operationalises science must therefore also change and continue to evolve for the agency to fulfil its potential: Geoscience Australia needs to embrace digital methods in areas of numeric literacy, scientific computing, programming, data modelling, machine learning and mathematics. In other words science has to embrace quantitative methods for it to be contestable and evidence based.

Tags: Earth Sciences, Information and Computing Sciences, Published_External, Scientific computing, Technology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Quaternary Antarctic ice-sheet fluctuations and Southern Ocean palaeoceanography: natural variability studies at the Antarctic CRC

In its first three years, the Antarctic CRC s Natural Variability Program has focussed research effort on understanding changes in the extent of the East Antarctic ice sheet, the sedimentary processes and biogeochemical cycles affecting shelf sedimentation, and the palaeoceanography of the Southern Ocean. Seismic data from the Prydz trough-mouth fan indicate that it contains a high-resolution time series of the Plio-Pleistocene activity of the Lambert Glacier system. The fan has been prograding from the eastern side of Prydz Bay at least since the Miocene and it contains Plio-Pleistocene sediments, which are 0.8- 1.2 s TWT thick beneath the current shelf break. Radiocarbon dating of shelf sediments indicates that deposition of a Holocene siliceous mud and ooze layer was initiated at about 10 ka BP on the Mac. Robertson Shelf, which is interpreted as coinciding with the retreat of an expanded ice sheet from the shelf break. Geochemical analyses of sediment cores from the Mac. Robertson Shelf suggest significant differences in sediment accumulation between the inner and outer shelf during the Holocene. A core from the outer shelf suggests three episodes of intense diatom production separated by periods of around 1500 years, although long-term average sediment accumulation rates appear to be rather uniform for this location during the middle and late Holocene. In contrast, results for a core from the inner shelf suggest an approximately 7-fold increase in average sediment accumulation rate from the mid to late Holocene, with roughly comparable increases in the accumulation of both biogenic and lithogenic material. Palaeoceanographic studies of the Southern Ocean, using planktonic foraminifera, diatoms and alkenone unsaturation ratios, indicate larger sea surface temperature amplitudes over wider areas of the Southern Ocean during the last glacial maximum than previously suggested by CLIMAP. Our studies offer the possibility of improvements to reconstructed glacial boundary conditions, with wider areal coverage, greater reliability of estimates , and the opportunity for estimation of seasonal dynamics.

Tags: AAT, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
NSW DMR, Discovery 2000, 1994-95, AREA B, Darling Basin West (P732), elevation line data

The Digital Elevation Model represents ground surface topography between points of known elevation. The elevation data was calculated using the altimeters and Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor used for the benefit of airborne magnetic and radiometric data on the same survey. The elevation is the height relative to the Australian Height Datum GDA94 (AUSGEOID09). The processed elevation data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 These line dataset from the NSW DMR, Discovery 2000, 1994-95, AREA B, Darling Basin survey were acquired in 1995 by the NSW Government, and consisted of 150000 line-kilometres of data at 400m line spacing and 80m terrain clearance.

Tags: Australia, DEM, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, Elevation, GADDS2.0, NSW, Published_External, airborne digital data, geophysical survey, geophysics, line, survey 732, terrain, vector
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The 2018 Lake Muir earthquake sequence, southwest Western Australia: rethinking the relationship between magnitude and surface rupture length for Australian stable continental region earthquakes

Modern geodetic and seismic monitoring tools are enabling the study of moderate-sized earthquake sequences in unprecedented detail. Discrepancies are apparent between the surface deformation envelopes ‘detectable’ using these tools, and ‘visible’ to traditional ground-based methods of observation. As an example, we compare the detectible and visible surface deformation caused by a sequence of earthquakes near Lake Muir in southwest Western Australia in 2018. A shallow MW 5.3 earthquake on the 16th of September 2018 was followed on the 8th of November 2018 by a MW 5.2 event in the same region. Focal mechanisms for the events suggest reverse and strike-slip rupture, respectively. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) analysis of the events suggests that the ruptures are in part spatially coincident and deformed the Earth’s surface over ~ 12 km in an east-west direction and ~ 8 km in a north-south direction. Field mapping, guided by the InSAR results, reveals that the first event produced an approximately 3 km long and up to 0.5 m high west-facing surface rupture, consistent with slip on a moderately east-dipping fault. No surface deformation unique to the second event was identifiable on the ground. New rupture length versus magnitude scaling relationships developed for non-extended cratonic regions as part of this study allow for the distinction between ‘visible’ surface rupture lengths (VSRL) from field-mapping and ‘detectable’ surface rupture lengths (DSRL) from remote sensing techniques such as InSAR, and suggest longer ruptures for a given magnitude than implied by commonly used scaling relationships.

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Earthquake Engineering, Natural Hazards, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Buchanan Central, NT, 2002 (P1023), radiometric line data, AWAGS levelled

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 This Buchanan Central, NT, 2002 (P1023), radiometric line data, AWAGS levelled were acquired in 2002 by the NT Government, and consisted of 175073 line-kilometres of data at 400m line spacing and 80m terrain clearance. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data. This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS.

Tags: AWAGS, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NASVD, NT, Published_External, airborne digital data, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, line, potassium, radiometrics, spectrometry, survey 1023, thorium, uranium, vector
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
AUSGeoid98 v.1.0 data files:  (sk56-01)

AUSGeoid98 data files contain a 2 minute grid of AUSGeoid98 data covering the Australian region, which you can use to interpolate geoid-ellipsoid separations for the positions required.You can use your own interpolation software, or you can use Geoscience Australia's Windows Interpolation software (Winter). The data files are text files in a standard format that cover the same area as standard topographic map areas. Files covering both 1:250,000 (approximately 100 x 150 km) and 1:1,000,000 (approximately 400 x 600 km) map areas are available. There is a 4 minute overlap on all sides of each area. Data format: AUSGeoid98 data files have a header record at the start of each file, to distinguish them from the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files. AUSGeoid98 data files show the geoid-ellipsoid separation to 3 decimal places, while the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files showed only 2 decimal places. AUSGeoid98 deflections of the vertical were computed from the geoid-ellipsoid separation surface, while the AUSGeoid93 deflections of the vertical were computed from OSU91A.

Tags: AU, AUSGeoid98, Geodesy, Geodetic Data, Published_External, dataset, geodesy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Tallaringa North - Th equivalent concentration grid (AWAGS, no nasvd)

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose. 
The Geological Survey of South Australia commissioned the Gawler Craton Airborne Survey (GCAS) as part of the PACE Copper initiative. The airborne geophysical survey was flown over parts of the Gawler Craton in South Australia. The program was designed to capture new baseline geoscientific data to provide further information on the geological context and setting of the area for mineral systems (http://energymining.sa.gov.au/minerals/geoscience/pace_copper/gawler_craton_airborne_survey). 
This radiometric thorium grid has a cell size of 0.00042 degrees (approximately 44m) and shows thorium element concentration of the Tallaringa North Airborne Magnetic Radiometric and DEM Survey, SA, 2017 in units of parts per million (or ppm). The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 2017 by the SA Government, and consisted of 98230 line-kilometres of data at 200m line spacing and 60m terrain clearance. To constrain long wavelengths in the grid, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey grid.

Tags: AWAGS, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, SA, Th, airborne digital data, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, rad, radiometrics, raster, spectrometry, survey 1297, thorium
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Calvert Hills 1:100 000 topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres. Many maps are supplemented by hill shading. These maps contain natural and constructed features including road and rail infrastructure, vegetation, hydrography, contours, localities and some administrative boundaries. Product Specifications Coverage: Australia is covered by more than 3000 x 1:100 000 scale maps, of which 1600 have been published as printed maps. Unpublished maps are available as compilations. Currency: Ranges from 1961 to 2009. Average 1997. Coordinates: Geographical and either AMG or MGA coordinates. Datum: AGD66, GDA94; AHD Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Printed maps: Paper, flat and folded copies. Compilations: Paper or film, flat copies only.

Tags: 100K scale, AU-NT, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Jamestown elevation grid geodetic

Digital Elevation data record the terrain height variations from the processed point- or line-located data recorded during a geophysical survey. This Jamestown elevation grid geodetic is elevation data for the SMMSP - MagSpec - Jamestown, SA, 2002 (2002/01). This survey was acquired under the project No. 905 for the geological survey of SA. The grid has a cell size of 0.00021 degrees (approximately 21m).  This grid contains the ground elevation relative to the geoid for the SMMSP - MagSpec - Jamestown, SA, 2002 (2002/01). It represents the vertical distance from a location on the Earth's surface to the geoid. The data are given in units of meters. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.

Tags: Australia, DEM, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, Elevation, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, SA, digital data, geoid, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, raster, survey 905, terrain
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Securing Australia's Water Resources movie

This short video summarises the value of Geoscience Australia's work in managing, securing and sustaining water resources for the nation.
The video is from a series of six films produced to communicate Geoscience Australia's value to the nation. 
Further information about the agency's work in this area can be found at http://www.ga.gov.au/value-to-the-nation

Tags: Earth Sciences, Movie, Multimedia, Published_External, groundwater
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Brighton Downs 1:100 000 unpublished topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres.

Tags: 100K unpublished, AU-QLD, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Bundulla 1:100 000 unpublished topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres.

Tags: 100K unpublished, AU-SA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Bygombo 1:100 000 unpublished topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres.

Tags: 100K unpublished, AU-QLD, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data