AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Beach sand heavy mineral deposits at Laurieton

The Laurieton area was visited on 29th-30th January by N.H. Fisher and D.E. Gardner, with R. McLeod, field assistant. Boring and sampling were carried out of a beach deposit south of Grants Head where North Coast Minerals Ltd., are erecting a treatment plant. A brief examination was also made of the area south of Pt. Perpendicular, where exploratory boring was in progress. The deposit south of Grants Head is 2 miles north of the entrance to Camden Haven Inlet and about 4 miles by road from Laurieton. The area that was examined south of Pt. Perpendicular and Camden Head is 2 miles east of Laurieton.

Tags: AU-NSW, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, mineral deposits
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Notes on Ritter, Sakar, Umboi and Long Island volcanoes

The Ritter, Sakar, Umboi, and Long Islands form part of an arc of volcanic islands situated west of New Britain. A brief inspection of this group was carried out by J.G. Best and the writer in August 1952 following a period spent in observation of abnormal conditions at Mount Langla Volcano on Western New Britain.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, PG, Published_External, Record, geology, observations, volcanology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Radiometric investigations at Maldon, Victoria

During 1951, Mr. E.P. George, a resident of Maldon, reported that he had discovered areas in the Maldon gold field which showed definite radioactivity on a portable Geiger counter. Samples submitted by him from time to time were tested in the laboratory, and showed slight radioactivity. Although the results gave no indication of the presence of a deposit of commercial value, the opportunity was taken of the presence of a geophysical field party in the Woodend district to pay a brief visit to Maldon, so that the activity present could be recorded on the Bureau's instruments. The party comprised two geophysicists, who spent half a day in the area.

Tags: AU-VIC, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geophysics, radiometrics
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geology of the western syncline, Kuridala, Queensland

This report is supplementary to a report on the Kuridala Copper Field, Cloncurry district, Queensland, by C.J. Sullivan and R.S. Matheson (1950) and should be read in conjunction with that report. Sullivan and Matheson showed that, in the known deposits, ore occurs in the Hampden Fault, where slates in the hanging-wall of the fault are thrust against the resistant amphibolites occurring in the footwall (western side) of the fault. The rocks to the west of the fault were known, from mapping carried out by Broadhurst (1936), to be folded into a synclinal structure and it was postulated by Sullivan and Matheson that further ore may be found where the fault intersected amphibolites occurring stratigraphically below the amphibolites near which the known ore occurs (Sullivan, and Matheson 1950, Plate 1, Regional Cross Section). It was realised by Sullivan and Matheson that the prediction of a position of the amphibolites, at depth, involved considerable uncertainty and it was thought that further mapping of the Western Syncline might enable a reasonably accurate interpretation of the position of the amphibolites to be made. The [present] field work was carried out between 20th August and 18th September, 1951, by K.W.B. Iten and R.A. Searl of the Bureau of Mineral Resources and J.H. Brooks of the Geological Survey of Queensland. The general postulations by previous investigators concerning the relationship of geological structure to ore occurrence were checked but no detailed investigation was made of the size, shape and grade of known ore-bodies; the present investigators consider that the interpretation by Sullivan and Matheson (1950) of the structural controls of ore deposition may be correct.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, economic geology, geology, structural geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
L098 Geotraverse seismic refraction survey, WA, 1969

During 1969, the Mundaring Geophysical Observatory collected seismic refraction data from explosions used by the Bureau of Mineral Resources No. 2 seismic party in the southwest of Western Australia. The seismic party exploded 37 charges up to 4,500 kilograms on a traverse from Balladonia through Kalgoorlie to Perth. Two mobile Willmore seismographs and permanent seismographs at Mundaring and Kalgoorlie recorded the resultant seismic waves.

Tags: AU-WA, HVC_144637, Published_External, Seismic Data seismic survey, Seismology and Seismic Exploration, petroleum exploration, seismic reflection, seismic refraction, seismic velocity
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Northern Australia Geochemical Survey Data release 1 – Total (fine fraction) and MMI™ element contents

Tennant Creek and Mt Isa are the preeminent mineral resource hubs for the Northern Territory and Queensland. The region between these two hubs is a vast prospective exploration frontier, covered by a thin veneer of sediments, which has been overlooked for exploration in the past. Regional soil sampling surveys are an excellent means of identifying the mineral potential of such regions as they can reveal what lies beneath the cover. 
Geoscience Australia, as part of the Federal Government’s Exploring for the Future program, undertook an extensive soil sampling survey in collaboration with the Northern Territory Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Queensland. Catchment outlet sediment samples were collected at 776 sites (including duplicates) and analysed for their elemental composition. The data reveal areas with future potential for base metals including copper.
The data are also valuable for agricultural management, allowing farmers to measure soil fertility to maintain sustainable crop production and inform cattle grazing management over the Barkly Tablelands region of the Northern Territory. This information can be used to guide safe and responsible agricultural development in the future.
Further, the survey establishes robust geochemical baseline data sets relevant to many environmental issues which can be utilised in development decision making.
The survey was undertaken over a period of two months utilising two helicopters from Northern Australia Helicopters based in Katherine. Samples were prepared for analysis over five months by an indigenous company supervised by Geoscience Australia staff at the Centre of Appropriate Technology in Alice Springs. Analysis of the samples was performed by Geoscience Australia in Canberra and SGS Australia mineral services in Perth. 
This data release includes (1) information on the sampling sites, (2) bulk sample properties (Munsell colours, pH, electrical conductivity), (3) results of the total chemical analyses of the fine (&lt;75 m) fraction of the samples (XRF, ICP-MS) and (4) results of the partial leach analyses of the Mobile Metal Ion™ (MMI™) extractions (0–2 mm fraction, ICP-MS). Included is also a set of digital images of geochemical maps based on this dataset.
This dataset is the first of a series of staged data releases from the Northern Australia Geochemical Survey. Relevant data, information and images are available through the GA website (http://www.ga.gov.au/eftf/fis/nags).

Tags: EFTF, Published_External, geochemical survey, geochemistry, surface geochemistry
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australian National Mineral and Fossil Collection

Collection of mineral, gem, meteorite, fossil (including the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection) and petrographic thin section specimens dating back to the early 1900s. The collection is of scientific, historic, aesthetic, and social significance. Geoscience Australia is responsible for the management and preservation of the collection, as well as facilitating access to the collection for research, and geoscience education and outreach. Over 700 specimens from the collection are displayed in our public gallery . 

The collection contains:
• 15,000 gem, mineral and meteorite specimens from localities in Australia and across the globe.
• 45,000 published palaeontological specimens contained in the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection (CPC) mainly from Australia.
• 1,000,000 unpublished fossils in a ‘Bulk Fossil’ collection.
• 250,000 petrographic thin section slides.
• 200 historical geoscience instruments including: cartography, geophysical, and laboratory equipment."

<b>Value: </b>Specimens in the collection are derived from Geoscience Australia (GA) surveys, submissions by researchers, donations, purchases and bequests.  A number of mineral specimens are held on behalf of the National Museum of Australia.

<b>Scope: </b>This is a national collection that began in the early 1900s with early Commonwealth surveys collecting material across the country and British territories. The mineral specimens are mainly from across Australia, with a strong representation from major mineral deposits such as Broken Hill, and almost 40% from the rest of the world. The majority of fossils are from Australia, with a small proportion from lands historically or currently under Australian control, such as Papua New Guinea and the Australian Antarctic Territory.

Tags: Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection, DC2020, EARTH SCIENCES, Fossil, Gemstone, HVC - High Value Collection, HVC_144615, Holotype, Meteorite, Mineral, Mineralogy, Museum, Palaeontology, Paleontology, Published_External, Resource, Rock Thin Section, Type Collection
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Yttrium speciation in sulfate-rich hydrothermal ore-forming fluids

Rare Earth elements (REE) are gaining importance due to their increasing industrial applications and usefulness as petrogenetic indicators. REE-sulfate complexes are some of the most stable REE aqueous species in hydrothermal fluids, and may be responsible for REE transport and deposition in a wide variety of geological environments, ranging from sedimentary basins to magmatic hydrothermal settings. However, the thermodynamic properties of most REE-sulfate complexes are derived from extrapolation of ambient temperature data, since direct information on REE-sulfate complexing under hydrothermal conditions is only available for Nd, Sm and Er to 250 ˚C (Migdisov and William-Jones, 2008, 2016).

We employed ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to calculate the speciation and thermodynamic properties of yttrium(III) in sulfate and sulfate-chloride solutions at temperatures and pressures up to 500 ºC and 800 bar. The MD results were complemented by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements. Both MD and XAS show that yttrium(III) sulfate complexes form and become increasingly stable with temperature (≥200 ˚C). The MD results also suggest that mixed yttrium-sulfate-chloride complexes (that cannot be distinguished from mixtures of chloride and sulfate complexes experimentally) form at ≥350 ˚C. Two structures with two different Y(III)-S distances (monodentate and bidentate) are observed for Y(III)-sulfate bonding. The formation constants (derived via thermodynamic integration) for the Y(III) mono- and di-sulfate complexes parallel the trends for the those of Nd, Sm and Er determined experimentally to 250 ˚C.

The derived formation constants were used to fit the revised Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers equation-of-state parameters that enabled calculation of formation constants for Y(SO4)+ and Y(SO4)2- over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The presence of sulfate increases the solubility of Y(III) under specific conditions. Since the stability of sulfate is redox sensitive, Y(III) solubility becomes highly redox-sensitive, with rapid precipitation of Y minerals upon destabilisation of aqueous sulfate.

<b>Citation:</b> Qiushi Guan, Yuan Mei, Barbara Etschmann, Marion Louvel, Denis Testemale, Evgeniy Bastrakov, Joël Brugger, Yttrium speciation in sulfate-rich hydrothermal ore-forming fluids, <i>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta</i>, Volume 325, 2022, Pages 278-295, ISSN 0016-7037, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2022.03.011.

Tags: CHEMICAL SCIENCES, EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, critical minerals, geochemistry, hydrothermal deposits
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Micropalaeontological examination of rock samples from the vicinity of Jervis Bay, New South Wales

A collection of rock samples from the Permian deposits in the vicinity of Jervis Bay was made by Messrs. Perry and Dickins during their geological survey of the area in July 1952, with the hope that microfossils may be present to assist in the correlation of the beds with Permian deposits north of Sydney. A detailed examination of the samples is given below. The samples from each locality are arranged in downward stratigraphic sequence.

Tags: AU-NSW, GA Publication, Geology, Published_External, Record, palaeontology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
L085 deep crustal seismic reflection survey at Mildura, Victoria and Broken Hill, NSW, 1968 Traverse A, B, and C

Techniques for recording deep crustal reflections were developed on an experimental seismic survey at Mildura, Victoria and Broken Hill, NSW, during September to December 1968. The survey was carried out preparatory to a seismic reflection survey on the 'Geotraverse' project, a project initiated by the Australian Upper Mantle Commitee to study the Earth's crust and upper mantle along a line across the Precambrian shield in Western Australia.

Tags: AU-NSW, AU-VIC, HVC_144637, Published_External, Seismic Data seismic survey, Seismology and Seismic Exploration, geophysics, seismic reflection
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Sub-surface water supply in the Barkly Tablelands

The information presented in this paper was collected in 1947-8 by a combined scientific team composed of officers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization and the Commonwealth Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, who carried out a reconnaissance of the natural resources of the Barkly Region. The subsurface water supplies and the geological features which assist in determining the characteristics of water supplies are discussed in this report.

Tags: AU-NT, GA Publication, Geology, Published_External, Record, geology, groundwater, resource assessment, rock properties
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geochemical map of Australia (Second Edition) - Li (lithium) series

The National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) is Australia’s only internally consistent, continental-scale geochemical atlas and dataset (<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/Record.2011.020">http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/Record.2011.020</a>). The present dataset provides additional geochemical data for Li, Be, Cs, and Rb acquired as part of the Australian Government-funded Exploring for the Future (EFTF) program and in support of the Australian Government’s 2023-2030 Critical Minerals Strategy.

The dataset fills a knowledge gap about Li distribution in Australia over areas dominated by transported regolith. The main ‘total’ element analysis method deployed for NGSA was based on making a fused bead using lithium-borate flux for XRF then ICP-MS analysis. Consequently, the samples could not be meaningfully analysed for Li. All 1315 NGSA milled coarse-fraction (&lt;2 mm) top (“TOS”) catchment outlet sediment samples, taken from 0 to 10 cm depth in floodplain landforms, were analysed in the current project following the digestion method that provides near-total concentrations of Li, Be, Cs, and Rb. The samples were analysed by the commercial laboratory analysis service provider Bureau Veritas in Perth using low-level mixed acid (a mixture of nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids) digestion with elements determined by ICP-MS (Bureau Veritas methods MA110 and MA112).

The data are reported in the same format as the NGSA dataset, allowing for seamless integration with previously released NGSA data. Further details on the QA/QC procedures as well as data interpretation will be reported elsewhere.

This data release also includes four continental-scale geochemical maps for Li, Be, Cs, and Rb built from these analytical data. 

This dataset, in conjunction with previous data published by NGSA, will be of use to mineral exploration and prospectivity modelling around Australia by providing geochemical baselines for Li, Be, Cs, and Rb, as well as identifying regions of anomalism. Additionally, these data also have relevance to other applications in earth and environmental sciences.

Tags: ARF, ARF - Australia’s Resources Framework, EFTF, EFTF – Exploring for the Future, Exploration Geochemistry, Geochemical Mapping, Geochemistry, Inorganic Geochemistry, Lithium, Mineral exploration, Precompetitive Data, Published_External, critical minerals
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Channel Island water supply, Northern Territory

On 10th November, 1952 a brief visit was made to Channel Island with Mr. F. Vidgen, Director of Works, to investigate the possibilities of developing an underground water supply for the leprosarium. It appears unlikely that a good supply of underground water will be obtained on the island, and this is probably due to the fact that it offers too small a catchment area and the beds are not particularly favourable to allow for the accumulation of good supplies of underground water.

Tags: AU-NT, GA Publication, Geology, Published_External, Record, groundwater, water resources
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Note on the Tertiary succession and foraminifera of Manus Island

During the reconnaissance survey carried out in 1952 by Mr. J.E. Thompson, Senior Geologist of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, four traverses were made across the Island and established the following sequence: [see record for detail]. Because of the lack of good exposures, and unreliable dips, no stratigraphic thicknesses could be obtained. Samples of the limestones and tuffaceous siltstones were subsequently sent to Canberra and their microfauna examined by the authors. Following is the list of the faunal determinations.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, PG, Published_External, Record, palaeontology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Water-supply investigation on Hermannsburg Mission Station, Northern Territory

Hermannsburg Mission Station is situated 80 miles west of Alice Springs. In the winter of 1951, Pastor Albrecht, the Superintendent of the Mission, made a request for government assistance in the location of underground water supplies. Early in October, G.F. Joklik and S.A. Tomich, of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, spent five days on the station and picked seven sites for possible water bores. Throughout this report, reference is made to the accompanying map.

Tags: AU-NT, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geology, groundwater, water resources
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Cenozoic geology, hydrogeology and groundwater systems: Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin

The Kati Thanda – Lake Eyre Basin (KT–LEB) covers about 1.2 million square kilometres of outback Australia. Although the basin is sparsely populated and relatively undeveloped it hosts nationally significant environmental and cultural heritage, including unique desert rivers, sweeping arid landscapes, and clusters of major artesian springs. The basin experiences climatic extremes that intermittently cycle between prolonged droughts and massive inland floods, with groundwater resources playing a critical role in supporting the many communities, industries, ecological systems, and thriving First Nations culture of the KT–LEB.



As part of Geoscience Australia’s National Groundwater Systems Project (in the Exploring for the Future Program) this report brings together contemporary data and information relevant to understanding the regional geology, hydrogeology and groundwater systems of Cenozoic rocks and sediments of the KT–LEB. This work represents the first whole-of-basin assessment into these vitally important shallow groundwater resources, which have previously received far less scientific attention than the deeper groundwater systems of the underlying Eromanga Basin (part of the Great Artesian Basin). The new knowledge and insights about the geology and hydrogeology of the basin generated by this study will benefit the many users of groundwater within the region and will help to improve sustainable management and use of groundwater resources across the KT–LEB.



Tags: Austral Downs Basin, Callabonna Sub-basin, Cenozoic, Cooper Creek Floodplain, Cooper Creek Palaeovalley, EFTF – Exploring for the Future, Eyre Formation, Groundwater hydrology, Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin, Marion-Noranside Basin, Namba Formation, National Groundwater Systems, Old Cork Basin, Published_External, Springvale Basin, Tirari Sub-basin, airborne electromagnetics, aquifer attribution, aquifers, arid zone landscapes, geological Lake Eyre Basin, geological models, geology, groundwater, groundwater bores, groundwater conceptual models, groundwater discharge, groundwater flow systems, groundwater recharge, groundwater-dependent ecosystems, hydrogeology, neotectonics, palaeovalleys, sedimentary cover, springs, surface water - groundwater interaction, wetlands
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Underwater video footage from the Vlaming Sub-basin (GA334)

The Vlaming Basin survey (GA survey # 334) was conducted under the Nation CO2 Infrastructure Plan (NCIP) on the MV Southern Supporter between the 12th to the 21st April 2012, with technical support provided from Fugro. The survey obtained geological (sedimentological, geochemical, geophysical) and biological data to support assessments of offshore acerage release areas for potential CO2 storage, and investigate the relationships between the physical environment and associated biota for biodiversity prediction. The purpose of the survey was to contribute to the assessment of the Vlaming Sub-basin for containment risk, as well as complement and validate interpretation of seismic data in the same area. Underwater footage was collected from 12 stations, although quality varies between sites and among transect lines. Video folders are named according to station number, followed by gear code (CAM=Ray Tech Underwater system), then the deployment number, and followed by region. For example, 12CAM02_D1 represents a video transect from station 12 that was the 2nd video transect of the survey and located in area region D1. Multiple files within transect folders indicate location metadata (Start of line location). In addition, USBL (Ultra-short baseline) text files located in the same folder provide continuous navigational information on location, time (UTC) and depth of each video transect line.

Tags: AU-WA, HVC_144640, Marine Data, Marine Geoscience, Published_External, environmental, habitat, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Report on work at Macquarie Island, 1951-52

This report covers the work carried out by the author who was the geophysicist in charge of seismic and magnetic work conducted on Macquarie Island during 1951-52. It deals mainly with the preparation of and repairs to huts, the continuation of the seismic recording programme and the installation of a magnetic recorder. Although scientific achievement was not outstanding, the way has been prepared for a successful observing programme in the future.

Tags: AQ, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, infrastructure, magnetics, residential, seismics
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Preliminary report on air-borne scintillometer anomalies

Information concerning the air-borne scintillometer anomalies has been compiled in this report. The following information is provided for each of the localities included in this report: access, topography, geology, radio-activity, probable cause of the anomaly, and future work recommended.

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geology, geophysics, radiometrics
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data