AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Census of Antarctic Marine Life (CAML) Archive of Project Documentation - CAML_Project_Archive.CAML_DNA_Barcoding

The Census of Antarctic Marine Life (CAML) Project Archive is a collection of scanned documents, maps, videos, and other related material that comprise the organisation and management documentation associated with a major research project of international significance. CAML measured the distribution and abundance of life in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica so that future impacts of climate change and human activities can be better understood. CAML coordinated the largest-ever survey of the Southern Ocean with 18 voyages in Antarctic waters, and inventoried over 16,000 marine species with hundreds new to science, provided DNA barcodes for 1,500 species, and has so far produced more than 600 scientific publications. CAML is a key activity of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR); a subproject of the Census of Marine Life (CoML); and was a major initiative of the 2007-2009 International Polar Year (IPY).

Tags: AMD, AMD/AU, Biodiversity, Biogeography, CAML, CAML > CENSUS OF ANTARCTIC MARINE LIFE, CEOS, COML > CENSUS OF MARINE LIFE, CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > COMMUNITY DYNAMICS > BIODIVERSITY FUNCTIONS, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > AQUATIC SCIENCES, EBA > Evolution and Biodiversity in the Antarctic, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, IPY > INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR, International Polar Year, NOT APPLICABLE, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Macquarie Island Penguin Colonies GIS Dataset

This is a polygon GIS dataset representing penguin colonies on Macquarie Island.
The penguin species include Gentoo, King, Rockhopper and Royal.

Tags: AMD, AMD/AU, CEOS, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > BIRDS > PENGUINS, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, GIS, MACQUARIE ISLAND, NOT APPLICABLE, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN > MACQUARIE ISLAND, PENGUINS
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Aurora Australis Voyage 1 2003-04 Raw Data

This data represents the total collection of acoustic, underway and satellite data collected on voyage 1 of the Aurora Australis in the 2003-04 season.
For online access to the underway data for voyage 1 2003-04, see its specific metadata record, or the marine science database.
The Acoustics data (ADCP) are in SIMRAD EK64 format (binary), and the echoview software is required to read them. The Underway data are in ASCII format. The Satellite Images are in TERASCAN format, and TERASCAN software is required to read them.
An index sheet to the dataset is available as an excel download.

Tags: ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILE, ADCP, ADCP > Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, AMD, AMD/AU, AURORA AUSTRALIS, CEOS, CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA, EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE > SEA LEVEL PRESSURE, EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > SOLAR RADIATION, EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION, EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > SURFACE TEMPERATURE > AIR TEMPERATURE, EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR INDICATORS > HUMIDITY, EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > WIND DYNAMICS > CONVECTION, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > BATHYMETRY, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > WATER DEPTH, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > OCEAN COLOR, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN, R/V AA > R/V Aurora Australis, RAW DATA, SATELLITE IMAGES, SATELLITES, SHIPS, SOUTHERN OCEAN, TERASCAN, UNDERWAY DATA
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Weddell Seals of the Vestfold Hills Antarctica

This dataset contains the results from studies of the Weddell Seal (Lepotonychotes weddellii) in the Vestfold Hills region, Antarctica. Results from tagging surveys, photographs and aerial surveys since 1973 are reported. Numbers, life stage, sex, moult stage and migration patterns have been reported. Fecal samples have been collected and from the otoliths, vertebrae, cephalopod beaks and crustacean remains, the diets and feeding habits have been investigated. Many of the results are reported in the document.
This metadata record encompasses ASAC projects 89, 95 and 199 (ASAC_89, ASAC_95, ASAC_199).

Tags: AMD, AMD/AU, ANTABIF, CAML > CENSUS OF ANTARCTIC MARINE LIFE, CEOS, COML > CENSUS OF MARINE LIFE, CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > MAMMALS, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > MAMMALS > CARNIVORES > SEALS/SEA L, EBA > Evolution and Biodiversity in the Antarctic, FIELD SURVEYS, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, IPY > INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR, OBIS > OCEAN BIOGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM, OBIS/AADC, SCAR-MARBIN > SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network, TAGS, VISUAL OBSERVATIONS, Weddell Seal
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Satellite tracking of Emperor penguin fledglings

As seabirds emperor penguins spent a large proportion of their lives at sea. For food they depend entirely on marine resources. Young penguins rarely return to their natal colonies after their first year. Satellite tracking will give us insights into where foraging areas may be that are important for these birds. This tracking work is part of a multi-species study funded by the Integrated Marine Observation System (IMOS).

Tags: AMD, AMD/AU, ARGOS > ARGOS Data Collection and Position Location System, CEOS, CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS, Emperor Penguin, Fledgling, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, IMOS, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN, SATELLITES, Tracking
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
CTD data from cruise ta0803 of the RV Tangaroa

This is the CTD data set from RV Tangaroa cruise tan0803, 26th March to 26th April 2008, along the Macquarie Ridge. This was the recovery cruise for the Macquarie Ridge mooring array.
The primary aims of the oceanographic program were:

recovery of a New Zealand/Australia collaborative mooring array spanning two gaps in the Macquarie Ridge north of Macquarie Island, and 
occupation of a CTD transect running south from New Zealand to 60o S along the Macquarie Ridge.

Eight of the nine moorings were successfully recovered. The mooring at site number 3 (NIWA gear) was unrecoverable, with acoustic release communication indicating only the bottom portion of the mooring remaining and lying flat on the ocean floor. Complete details of the mooring work are included in a separate mooring recovery report. Mooring instruments were downloaded on the ship, with a very high percentage of successful data recording. Ship maneouvering and deck operations all went well throughout the recoveries. Shiptime at the mooring locations was well spent, with daylight hours dedicated to mooring recovery, and night time used for nearby CTD, swath mapping, coring and sea mount activities, and for unspooling of mooring line. The additional container space created on the top deck portside (above the trawldeck) proved extremely valuable for stowage of mooring gear. 
58 CTD's were completed during the cruise, including 54 along the main transect, and 4 at coring locations (part of the geology program). Main transect CTD's included 2 across the northern mooring group, and 3 across the southern mooring group. Most casts were to within 25 metres of the bottom. Instrument problems resulted in incomplete casts at the following locations: CTD 9, CTD 11 and CTD 27. CTD 46 was skipped due to bad weather, while further instrument problems prevented a cast at the southernmost site (CTD 50). Niskin bottles were sampled at each station for dissolved oxygen and salinity, with a subset of stations selected for 18O sampling. Some stations were additionally sampled for DIC, alkalinity, 13C, silicate, and U/Th, as part of the geology program. 
Note that dissolved oxygen data have been removed from this data set, as oxygen bottle samples were never analysed.

Tags: ACE/CRC, AMD, AMD/AU, CEOS, CTD > Conductivity Temperature Depth, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > ATTENUATION/TRANSMISSION, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > FLUORESCENCE, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > TURBIDITY, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, MACQUARIE RIDGE, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN, R/V TANGAROA, RV TANGAROA, SHIPS
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Sea Surface Temperature Warming Rates in Australian Marine Parks

This dataset measures the overall warming rates of the sea surface temperature (SST) in 58 Australian Marine Parks (except the Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Park) over the past 15 years (2003 to 2017). They are derived from the monthly MODIS (aqua) SST images. The fields of "slope_y" and "slope_m" represent the annual and monthly SST warming rates, respectively. The units of the warming rates are Celsius degree/per annual and Celsius degree/per month.
This research is supported by the National Environmental Science Program (NESP) Marine Biodiversity Hub through Project D1.

Tags: Earth Sciences, Marine Biodiversity Hub, Marine Park, National Environmental Science Program, Published_External, SST
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
BANZARE ship logs and station lists

The British Australian (and) New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) was a research expedition into Antarctica between 1929 and 1931, involving two voyages over consecutive Austral summers.
This document describes the ship's log and station list taken from 
Biological Organisation and Station List by T. Harvey Johnston, BANZARE Reports, Series B, Vol I, Part 1, pages 1-48
Data are stored in an Access database.
The 5 tables are
banzare_noon_log_1929_1930 and banzare_noon_log_1930_1931
noon positions from page 46-47 - assumed log_date is local noon, latitude and longitude in decimals.
banzare_stations_1929_1930  and banzare_stations_1930_1931
odate is station date (no time is given)
depth is echo depth (metres)
latg and long is refined positions using Google Earth and Kerguelen map on page 14
full_speed_nets_1930_1931 
log of full sped nets - see pages 40-44;
time is possibly UTC 
distance is travel of ship when net is deployed
depth is possible depth of net in fathoms
tow_speed is ship speed in knots

Tags: AMD, AMD/AU, ANTABIF, Aurora, BANZARE, BANZARE > British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition of 1929-31, CAML > CENSUS OF ANTARCTIC MARINE LIFE, CEOS, COML > CENSUS OF MARINE LIFE, CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA, EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > INFRASTRUCTURE > TRANSPORTATION, EBA > Evolution and Biodiversity in the Antarctic, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, IPY > INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN, SCAR-MARBIN > SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network, SHIPS, VISUAL OBSERVATIONS, ships logs
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
RNA sequence data from krill CO2 exposure experiment

We use RNA sequencing to investigate which genetic/physiological pathways in Antarctic krill are affected by increased CO2 levels. We carried out larval CO2 exposure experiments in March 2012 at the AAD aquarium. Two developmental stages were used (Calyptopis I and Furcilia V) and three CO2 levels (control, 1000 and 2000 ppm).
These were short term experiments (2 days) - since initial longer experiments starting with fertilized eggs resulted in differences in developmental stages between treatments and control which could confound the data. RNA was extracted from larvae and high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was carried out on 6 samples (2 stages * 3 treatments). Sequencing was carried out on an Illumina sequencer (Genome Analyzer II). We collected ~ 60 million sequence reads per sample (Data in FASTA format each read gives 100 base pairs of sequence), so a total of ~360 million reads (36 billion bp of data).

Tags: ADS > Automated DNA Sequencer, AMD, AMD/AU, CEOS, CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA, CONTINENT > AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND > AUSTRALIA, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES > ARTHROPODS > CRUSTACEANS > EUPHA, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE, GENETICS, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, LABORATORY, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN, OCEAN ACIDIFICATION, RNA
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Three-dimensional microscale distribution and production of plankton populations

This entry contains: Locations for sampling sites for ASAC project 2596 on voyage 3 of the Aurora Australis in the 2004/5 season, collected between December and February of 2004/5; CTD bottle-derived seawater viscosity data and CTD bottle-derived in vivo fluorescence data.
Note: ASAC project 2596 operates in direct collaboration with ASAC project 2382 (Impact of viscosity on the morphology and swimming behaviour of motile bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and protozooplankton).
There are four spreadsheet files in this entry. Each spreadsheet file contains several worksheets.
1) Transect 1 (CLIVAR I9 = 'I9') station and sampling details: CTD stations, CTD profiles, Surface samples.
2) Transect 2 (Kerguelen Plateau and Princess Elizabeth Trough = 'PET') station and sampling details: CTD stations, CTD profiles.
3) 10 x 10 Flow Cytometry (FCM) data, derived from a two-dimensional microscale sampling device.
4) FluoroMAP profiles.  These files contain the following data:
Count
Date
Time
Pressure (milliVolts)/Depth
Chlo
Depth - is the pressure in milli-Volts (mV) which is can be converted to depth in meters using the manufacturers calibration, Where,
depth (m) = 0.00149 * (depth (mV)) -7.5
Chlo=  is short for chlorophyll fluorescence and has arbitrary units (a.u.)
For all files -999 entry = missing data
A word document details the sampling protocols for FCM, 10 x 10 samples and FluoroMAP profiles.
See the link below for public details on this project.

Tags: AMD, AMD/AU, BACTERIOPLANKTON, CEOS, CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > BACTERIA/ARCHAEA, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > PROTISTS, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > COMMUNITY DYNAMICS > COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PIGMENTS > CHLOROPHYLL, FLOW CYTOMETRY, FLUOROMAP, FLUOROMETERS, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN > CLIVAR LINE I9, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN > KERGUELEN PLATEAU, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN > PRINCESS ELIZABETH TROUGH, SHIPS, TWO-DIMENSIONAL MICROSCALE, VIRIOPLANKTON, WATER BOTTLES
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
AAV30708 Biogeochemistry PCO2 Data Collected on the CEAMARC Cruise of the Aurora Australis 2007-2008

Continuous underway measurements of sea surface (7 metres depth)and atmospheric carbon dioxide. 
Data format
.txt extension comma delimited files. 1 file per 24 hours. Naming similar to AA03607_001-0000 (voyage_julian day_HH:MM). Excel readable format. 58 columns of data.
Measurements were made on the CEAMARC voyage of the Aurora Australis - voyage 3 of the 2008-2008 summer season.

Tags: AMD, AMD/AU, CEAMARC, CEOS, CO2, Carbon Dioxide, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, IR CO2 ANALYZER > Infrared Carbon Dioxide Analyzer, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN, Ocean acidification, R/V AA > R/V Aurora Australis, SHIPS
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
A log of bird banding and zoological observations made at Wilkes Station and the Windmill Islands, 1962-1963

This file contains a record of bird banding activities undertaken at Wilkes Station in 1962 and 1963.  It also contains a log of observations made on animals in the area, as well as some hand-drawn maps.  This document was compiled by F. Soucek.
Animals observed include:
Adelie penguins
McCormick skuas
Wilson's storm petrels
Giant petrels
Silver grey petrels
Snow petrels
Antarctic petrels
Snow petrels
Antarctic terns
Cape pigeons
Emperor penguins
Weddell seals
Elephant seals
Leopard seals
Crabeater seals
Whales
The hard copy of the map has been archived by the Australian Antarctic Division library.

Tags: AMD, AMD/AU, Adelie penguins, Antarctic petrels, Antarctic terns, CEOS, CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA, Cape pigeons, Crabeater seals, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > BIRDS, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > BIRDS > ALBATROSSES/PETRELS AND AL, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > BIRDS > PENGUINS, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > MAMMALS > CARNIVORES > SEALS/SEA L, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > MAMMALS > CETACEANS > BALEEN WHALE, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > MAMMALS > CETACEANS > TOOTHED WHAL, Elephant seals, Emperor penguins, FIELD INVESTIGATION, FIELD SURVEYS, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, Giant petrels, Leopard seals, McCormick skuas, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN, Silver grey petrels, Skuas, Snow petrels, Weddell seals, Whales, Wilkes, Wilson's storm petrels
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Nella Dan: ADBEX III Cruise - Krill and zooplankton data

This dataset contains results from the Antarctic Division BIOMASS Experiment III (ADBEX III) cruise of the Nella Dan. It is the fifth cruise in a series of six, conducting a long term field survey providing data on distribution, abundance and population structure of the krill Euphausia superba in the Prydz Bay region, Antarctica. The prime purpose of ADBEX III was to study the ecology of the Crabeater Seal, and surveys of krill and other zooplankton were taken off Antarctica in the Australian sector (east of Mawson) in the Enderby Land region between October and November 1985. Species identity and abundance data were obtained. The major species investigated were Euphausia superba, Euphausia frigidia, Euphausia crystallorophias and Thysanoessa marcuria. Other pteropods and cephalopods were also studied. A CTD cast and water collection for phytoplankton pigment, nutrients and primary production measurements were also made at each net sampling station. Summary results are listed in the documentation.
The fields in this dataset are:
species
Station Number
Haul Type
RMT
Biomass
Weight
Flowmeter
Latitude
Longitude
Time
Date
Ice
Sea State
Density
Sea Floor
Dive
Maturity
A minor data update was made on 2022-11-03 to add scanned copies of acoustic logs from the voyage.

Tags: ADBEX III, AMD, AMD/AU, ANTABIF, Biomass, CAML > CENSUS OF ANTARCTIC MARINE LIFE, CEOS, COML > CENSUS OF MARINE LIFE, CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA, Date, Density, Dive, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES > ARTHROPODS > CRUSTACEANS, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES > ARTHROPODS > CRUSTACEANS > EUPHA, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > FISH, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS > PLANKTON > ZOOPLANKTON, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > PELAGIC, EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SEA ICE > PACK ICE, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA ICE > PACK ICE, EBA > Evolution and Biodiversity in the Antarctic, Flowmeter, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, Haul Type, IPY > INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR, Ice, LABORATORY, Latitude, Longitude, Maturity, OBIS > OCEAN BIOGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN, RMT, SCAR-MARBIN > SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network, SHIPS, Sea Floor, Sea State, Station Number, TRAWL, Time, Weight, amphipods, fish, gastropods, krill, polychaetes, species, zooplankton
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Sounding data (water depths) for Ellis Fjord in the Vestfold Hills

This data set contains depth sounding data (water depths) for Ellis Fjord, one of the fjords of the Vestfold Hills.  The data were collected between 1994 and 1999.
See the links in the related links section for copies of maps (PDF and TIFF) of Ellis Fjord soundings, sounding transects and bathymetric contours.
Map 15623: Ellis Fjord, Vestfold Hills - Depth Soundings 
Map 15624: Ellis Fjord, Vestfold Hills - Sounding transects 
Map 15625: Ellis Fjord, Vestfold Hills - Sounding transects overlaying topography
Map 15626: Ellis Fjord, Vestfold Hills - Transect coordinates and ground control
Map 15627: Ellis Fjord, Vestfold Hills - Bathymetric Contours

Tags: ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS, AMD, AMD/AU, Antarctica, CEOS, CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA > Vestfold Hills, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > FJORDS, Ellis, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS, Vestfold Hills, bathymetry, depth, fjord, fjords
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Trace Element Chemistry of Antarctic Saline Lakes and Fjords

From the referenced paper:
The frigid concentration or freezing of seawater is an important natural phenomenon in the polar regions and results in the precipitation of a different sequence of salts - and thus produces brines of different composition - to that formed during isothermal evaporation under temperate conditions (about 20-25 degrees C).  Seawater freezing, however, has been studied less extensively than evaporation and somewhat greater uncertainty exists over the exact nature of the compositional pathway followed.  Most investigators have shown that the precipitation of mirabilite (Na2SO4 - 10 H2O) or gypsum (CaSO4 - 2 H2O), which both occur at the same seawater concentration factor (SWCF), is the critical difference between frigid and evaporative concentration, respectively, a consequence of the very different temperature dependence of the solubilities of these salts, as well as the effect of sodium chloride on these properties.  This difference can be considered to represent a temperature-dependent chemical divide in the closed-basin concentration of seawater because it determines significantly the major ion composition of the brine and the salt mineral assemblage precipitated on further evolution of the system.  Recently new insights into seawater freezing have been achieved through improvements in existing chemical equilibrium models.  Along with the results of some associated experimental work, this has provided evidence for the formation of gypsum during freezing, contradicting the accepted Ringer-Nelson-Thompson model of frigid concentration firmly established in the 1950's and through subsequent studies, but validating an alternative model proposed by Gitterman two decades later.

Tags: AMD, AMD/AU, ANTARCTIC, ANTARCTICA, CEOS, CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA > Vestfold Hills, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS > LAKE/POND > SALINE LAKES, EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > LAKE ICE, EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > SURFACE WATER > SURFACE WATER FEATURES > LAKES/RESERVOIRS, GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR, LAKES, SALINE LAKES, SEA WATER, VESTFOLD HILLS
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network