AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Australia’s natural hydrogen – where, when and how

A low greenhouse gas emissions future will involve hydrogen (H2) as an energy vector, with natural hydrogen playing an uncertain role. However, Australia is considered a prime target for natural H2 exploration (Moretti et al., 2021) with its supportive geology and a large potential H2 resource (Boreham et al., 2021). Australian natural gases generally show low concentrations of H2 with ~80% of the gases having H2 &lt; 0.1 mol%. All states and the Northern Territory contain examples of natural gas with H2 &gt; 1 mol% and in South Australia up to ~90 mol% H2 (air-free) (Boreham et al., 2021); the latter fact being more than enough encouragement for a nascent exploration phase in SA specially targeting natural H2. Regions for exploration across Australia will include most rocks types involving Archean–Proterozoic cratons, banded iron formations, gold mineralisation, igneous intrusions, metamorphic rocks and in deep, hot sedimentary basins (Boreham et al., 2021 and references therein; Geymond et al., 2022; Mahlstedt et al., 2022; Malvoisin and Brunet, 2023). Fluid-rock interactions can generate H2 through radiolysis of water, ferroigenesis and the thermal decomposition of organic matter, with these three processes amenable to modelling the H2 system.

Exploration strategies will employ many tools developed for the petroleum and mineral exploration sectors, with surface expressions of H2 seepage being one simple approach. Here, indirect measurement based on satellite imagery of semi-circular depressions or ‘fairy circles’ together with direct measurement of H2 concentration in soil gas can be used to infer deeper fluxes of natural H2 in Australia (Larin et al., 2015, Frery et al., 2021 and 2022; Moretti et al., 2021; Geymond et al., 2022). This talk will highlight recent and present research on the identification and understanding on natural H2 occurrences in Australia.

Tags: Australian natural hydrogen, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Galilee Basin Region - Hydrogen Potential MapServer

The potential for hydrogen production in the Galilee Basin region is assessed to provide a joint information base for hydrogen generation potential from renewable energy, groundwater and natural gas coupled with carbon capture and storage (CCS). This web service summarises hydrogen potential in the Galilee Basin region.

Tags: Australia, Galilee Basin, Geology, Hydrogen, Hydrogen Potential, MapServer, Published_External, TEGI, Trusted Environmental And Geological Information, Web Service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Upper Burdekin Classified Water Observations from Space (WOfS) Summary Statistic MapServer

The WOfS summary statistic represents, for each pixel, the percentage of time that water is detected at the surface relative to the total number of clear observations. Due to the 25-m by 25-m pixel size of Landsat data, only features greater than 25m by 25m are detected and only features covering multiple pixels are consistently detected. The WOfS summary statistic was produced over the McBride and Nulla Basalt provinces for the entire period of available data (1987 to 2018). Pixels were polygonised and classified in order to visually enhance key data in the imagery. Areas depicted in the dataset have been exaggerated to enable visibility.

Tags: Australia, Digital Earth Australia, EFTF, Earth Sciences, Exploring for the Future, GDE, Landsat, MapServer, McBride, Nulla, Published_External, Upper Burdekin, WOfS, Water Observations from Space, basalt, discharge, groundwater-dependent ecosystems, remote sensing, surface water, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Treaties - Australian Maritime Boundaries WMS

The service contains all maritime boundaries treaties signed by Australia (NOT ALL ARE IN FORCE). Where the original datum of the treaty is not specified as GDA94, all defined points have been transformed by Geoscience Australia's National Geospatial Reference Systems Section to GDA94.

Tags: Australia, Earth Sciences, HVC_144653, Maritime, Published_External, WMS, boundary, treaties, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Cover Models in the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian WMS

This service delivers grids for the depth below ground level of base of Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic and Neoproterozoic surfaces in the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian (DCD) region.  The surfaces are a product of a layered cover model characterising depth and thickness of key stratigraphic sequences.  The model was generated using Loop 3D (https://loop3d.org), an open-source 3D probabilistic geological and geophysical modelling platform, using a selection of depth estimates from AEM interpretation, stratigraphic boreholes and interpretation of depth of magnetisation as inputs.

Tags: Australia, Cover Model, DCD, Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian, EFTF, Exploring For The Future, Geology, Geophysics, Published_External, Subsurface, Surfaces, WMS, cover model, geology, geophysics, subsurface, surfaces, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Upper Burdekin Groundwater Raster Products WCS

This web service provides access to groundwater raster products for the Upper Burdekin region, including: inferred relative groundwater recharge potential derived from weightings assigned to qualitative estimates of relative permeability based on mapped soil type and surface geology; Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) used to map vegetation with potential access to groundwater in the basalt provinces, and; base surfaces of basalt inferred from sparse available data.

Tags: EFTF, Exploring For The Future, Groundwater, McBride Basalt, NDVI, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, Nulla Basalt, Permeability, Potential Recharge, Published_External, Upper Burdekin, Volcanic Province, WCS, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
MinEx CRC NDI Areas WFS

The National Drilling Initiative (NDI) will manage and deliver drilling programs in multiple case study areas proposed by MinEx CRC’s partner geological survey organisations. The NDI vision is to drill multiple holes in a region to map the regional geology and architecture and define the potential for mineral systems in 3D. The areas shown in this web service describe the spatial locations of the study areas.

Tags: Australia, Earth Sciences, Geoscience, MinEx CRC, NDI, National Drilling Initiative, Published_External, WFS, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Upper Darling Floodplain Airborne Electromagnetics (AEM) Conductivity Grids WMTS

This service provides access to airborne electromagnetics (AEM) derived conductivity grids in the Upper Darling Floodplain region.  The grids represent 30 depth intervals from modelling of AEM data acquired in the Upper Darling Floodplain, New South Wales, Airborne Electromagnetic Survey (https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/147267), an Exploring for the Future (EFTF) project jointly funded by Geoscience Australia and New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment (NSW DPE).  The AEM conductivity model delineates important subsurface features for assessing the groundwater system including lithological boundaries, palaeovalleys and hydrostatigraphy.

Tags: AEM, Airborne Electromagnetics, Conductivity, EFTF, Exploring For The Future, Geophysical Inversion, Geophysical survey, Geophysics, Grid, Groundwater, Palaeovalleys, Published_External, Regional, Upper Darling Floodplain, WMTS, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Upper Burdekin Classified Tasselled Cap Wetness (TCW) Percentage Exceedance Composite WMS

The Tasselled Cap Wetness (TCW) percentage exceedance composite represents the behaviour of water in the landscape, as defined by the presence of water, moist soil or wet vegetation at each pixel through time. The summary shows the percentage of observed scenes where the Wetness layer of the Tasselled Cap transform is above the threshold, i.e. where each pixel has been observed as ‘wet’. Areas that retain surface water or wetness in the landscape during the dry season are potential areas of groundwater discharge and associated GDEs. The TCW exceedance composite was classified into percentage intervals to distinguish areas that were wet for different proportions of time during the 2013 dry season. Areas depicted in the dataset have been exaggerated to enable visibility.

Tags: Australia, Digital Earth Australia, EFTF, Earth Sciences, Exploring for the Future, GDE, Index, Landsat, McBride, Nulla, Published_External, TCI, TCW, Tasselled Cap Wetness, Upper Burdekin, WMS, basalt, discharge, groundwater, groundwater dependent ecosystems, remote sensing, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
RV Investigator Voyage IN2025_V05 End of Voyage (EOV) Archive

This record describes the End of Voyage (EOV) data archive from the Marine National Facility (MNF) RV Investigator voyage IN2025_V05, titled "Eruption, destruction, and seafloor ecosystem recovery – Tonga's 2022 eruption of the century." The voyage took place between August 10, 2025 and October 01, 2025 (AEST), departing from Hobart and returning to Brisbane.

For further information please refer to the voyage documentation links.

Instruments used and data collected include:
Regular measurements:
Lowered ADCP (LADCP), Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP; 38, 75, 150 KHz ), Greenhouse Gas Analysers (Picarro), Cloud Condensation Nuclei counter (CCN), Condensation Particle Counters (CPC), Disdrometer, Radon sensor, Black Carbon sensor (Aethalometer), CTD, Hydrochemistry, Fisheries Echosounder (EK80), Multibeam Echosounder (EM712, EM124, EM2040), Sub-bottom Profiler (SBP29), GPS Positioning System, Doppler Velocity Log, Thermosalinographs (TSG), Fluorometer, Oxygen Optode, Infrared Sea Surface Temperature Autonomous Radiometer (ISAR), pCO2, Gravimeter, Ozone Sensor, Nephelometer, Atmospheric Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Wind and Rain sensors, Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) sensor, Precision Infrared Radiometer (PIR), Precision Spectral Pyranometer (PSP), Starboard and Portside Radiometers, Air Sampler, Ultra Short BaseLine Underwater Positioning System (USBL), Expendable Bathythermographs (XBTs).

Voyage-specific measurements:
Deep Towed Camera (DTC), Micro Rain Radar (MRR), Miniature Autonomous Plume Recorder (MAPR), Optical Backscatter sensor, Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) meter, Box corer, Multi-corer, Piston Corer, Rock Dredge, NIWA epibenthic sled (mini-Sherman), Seismic, Video, Wildlife Observations (seabirds, cetaceans and seals).

The archive for the IN2025_V05 EOV raw data is curated by the CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrastructure (NCMI) Information and Data Centre (IDC) in Hobart, with a permanent archive at the CSIRO Data Access Portal (https://data.csiro.au/), providing access to voyage participants and processors of the data collected on the voyage.

All voyage documentation is available electronically to MNF support via the local network. Applications to access voyage documentation by non-CSIRO participants can be made via data-requests-hf@csiro.au All processed data from this voyage are made publicly available through the MNF Data Trawler (in the related links)

Organization: CSIRO Marlin Data Catalogue
RV Investigator Voyage IN2022_V05 Sound Velocity Profile Data

This record describes SVP data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2022_V05 "The Tsunamigenic Submarine Landslides and Deep-Marine Canyons of Australia’s Tasman Sea Margin: Causes and Consequences", which departed Hobart on 28th Mar 2022, and arrived in Brisbane on 3rd Jul 2022.

A total of 174 SVP casts were conducted over the duration of this voyage.

Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report. Additional data products may be available on request.

Organization: CSIRO Marlin Data Catalogue
RV Investigator Voyage IN2025_V05 EM712 Multibeam Echosounder Data

This record describes multibeam echosounder data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2025_V05, 'Eruption, destruction and seafloor ecosystem recovery – Tonga 2022 eruption of the century', which departed Hobart on 10 Aug and ended in Brisbane on 01 Oct 2025 (local). The voyage’s first leg transited from Hobart to Nuku’alofa (10–19 Aug 2025), where science participants boarded. A mid-voyage transfer occurred on 05 Sep, and all science personnel disembarked in Nuku’alofa on 23 Sep before the final transit to Brisbane (23 Sep–1 Oct 2025).

The Kongsberg EM712 multibeam echosounder was used to acquire seafloor bathymetry and backscatter information and watercolumn backscatter data.

The EM712 provides a 0.5° by 1° transmit and receive angular resolution respectively. The echosounder's nominal frequency range is from 40 to 100 kHz. 

Data are stored in <em>.kmall raw format for bathymetry and backscatter and </em>.kmwcd format for watercolumn backscatter at CSIRO. 

There are 131 files totalling 17.8 GB of raw data and 131 files totalling 92.9 GB of watercolumn data in this dataset. 

Sound velocity profiles were applied to this data during data acquisition. Bathymetry data contained in *.kmall format are corrected for motion and position. 

GPS tide was computed using the EGM2008 model and applied to the processed data. Processed data has had outliers removed. 

Additional information regarding this dataset, including further information on processing streams, is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report.

Organization: CSIRO Marlin Data Catalogue
Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) - Phytoplankton Abundance and Biovolume

This dataset comprises the phytoplankton abundance and biovolume estimates as part of a broader sampling program carried out at the Southern Ocean Time Series, a facility within the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS). The primary focus is sustained observing of ocean properties and processes important to climate, carbon cycling, and ocean productivity. Regular phytoplankton samples are collected at approximately 14 day intervals (exact intervals and seasonal coverage dependent on deployment length). The moorings are serviced annually, at which time the existing moorings are recovered and new moorings are deployed. Water samples from within the surface mixed-layer are collected at pre-programmed intervals using a Remote Access Sampler, in pairs about 1 hour apart. One sample in each pair is preserved for phytoplankton community composition by microscopy, and the other sample is preserved and used for accompanying chemical analysis of nutrients, total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity. 
Each sample is collected from within the surface mixed-layer at 32 m depth (2010 - 2017) or 5 m depth (2018-current) depending on the design of the mooring surface assembly and instrumentation. Typically a maximum of 24 samples are collected over an annual deployment cycle. The samples collected are analysed for: 1. Community composition / abundance (cells/L) 2. calculated biovolume (um3/L). Protocols for the phytoplankton time-series are described in Eriksen et al (2018), and the annual sample reports for each deployment.
Data storage and access is planned to be interoperable with other national and international programs through the IMOS Infrastructure. Station metadata can be found through this resource. Data is available freely via the AODN portal: https://portal.aodn.org.au. As the taxonomic resolution of the data has changed over time, due to continual training, it is important that users refer to the change log tables included in your data download. These will provide information on the validity of the taxa, from what date we have been identifying certain taxa etc. Classification fields may be blank depending on the level to which that taxa has been identified, i.e. if only identified to family, genus and species will be blank.

Organization: CSIRO Marlin Data Catalogue
RV Investigator Voyage IN2025_V07 EM712 Multibeam Echosounder Data

This record describes multibeam echosounder data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2025_V07, 'SOFS recovery voyage' which departed Hobart on the 1/7/2025 and returned to Hobart on the 6/7/2025. This voyage was staffed by only one GSM team member, thus 24 hours acquisition was not possible and there may be gaps in the data record.

The Kongsberg EM712 multibeam echosounder was used to acquire seafloor bathymetry and backscatter information and watercolumn backscatter transiting between the Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) mooring site and South Tasman Rise.

The EM712 provides a 0.5° by 1° transmit and receive angular resolution respectively. The echosounder's nominal frequency range is from 40 to 100 kHz. 

Data are stored in <em>.kmall raw format for bathymetry and backscatter and </em>.kmwcd format for watercolumn backscatter at CSIRO. 

There are 25 files totalling 4.16 GB of raw data and 25 files totalling 24.5 GB of watercolumn data in this dataset. 

Sound velocity profiles were applied to this data during data acquisition. Bathymetry data contained in *.kmall format are corrected for motion and position. 

GPS tide was computed using the EGM2008 model and applied to the processed data. Processed data has had outliers removed. 

Additional information regarding this dataset, including further information on processing streams, is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report.

Organization: CSIRO Marlin Data Catalogue
RV Investigator Voyage IN2025_V02 SBP29 Sub-bottom Profiler Data

This record describes sub bottom profiler data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2025_V02, ' SOTS: Southern Ocean Time Series automated moorings for climate and carbon cycle studies southwest of Tasmania ' which departed Hobart on the 26th March and returned to Hobart on the 14th April 2025.

The Kongsberg SBP29 (sub bottom profiler) was used to acquire data containing the specular reflections at different sediment interfaces below the seafloor. The SBP120 provides a 3° by 3° angular resolution.

The echosounder's frequency sweep range is from 2 to 9 kHz. The SBP29 was logged continuously for the extent of the voyage.

Data are stored in <em>.raw (251 files 5.66 GB) raw and </em>.seg (250 files 5.63 GB) segy formats at CSIRO.

The segy format data had a real time processing stream applied, which applies gain, a gain correction, and matched filter with replica shaping (for water depths typically &gt;200m) or Bandpass filtering 2-9 kHz (in water depths typically &lt;200 m).  

Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report. Additional data products may be available on request

Organization: CSIRO Marlin Data Catalogue
RV Investigator Voyage IN2025_V05 EM124 Multibeam Echosounder Data

This record describes multibeam echosounder data collected on RV Investigator voyage IN2025_V05, 'Eruption, destruction and seafloor ecosystem recovery – Tonga 2022 eruption of the century', which departed Hobart on 10 Aug and ended in Brisbane on 01 Oct 2025 (local). The voyage’s first leg transited from Hobart to Nuku’alofa (10–19 Aug 2025), where science participants boarded. A mid-voyage transfer occurred on 05 Sep, and all science personnel disembarked in Nuku’alofa on 23 Sep before the final transit to Brisbane (23 Sep–1 Oct 2025).

The EM124 provides a 1 degree by 1 degree angular resolution. The echosounder's nominal frequency is 12 kHz. 

Data are stored in <em>.kmall raw format for bathymetry and backscatter and </em>.kmwcd format for watercolumn backscatter at CSIRO. 

There are 1044 files totalling 140 GB of raw data and 1044 files totalling  186 GB of watercolumn data in this dataset. 

Sound velocity profiles were applied to this data during data acquisition. Bathymetry data contained in *.kmall format are corrected for motion and position. 

GPS tide was computed using the EGM2008 model and applied to the processed data. Processed data has had outliers removed. 

Additional information regarding this dataset, including further information on processing streams, is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report.

Organization: CSIRO Marlin Data Catalogue
RV Investigator Voyage IN2025_V02 EK80 Echosounder

This record describes scientific split-beam echosounder data collected on the RV Investigator voyage IN2025_V02, ' SOTS: Southern Ocean Time Series automated moorings for climate and carbon cycle studies southwest of Tasmania ' which departed Hobart on the 26th March and returned to Hobart on the 14th April 2025.

The Simrad EK80 split beam echosounders for 18, 38, 70 120, 200 were used to acquire acoustic backscatter data to a range of 1500 m. All of these frequencies were logged continuously for the extent of the voyage with the exception of periods of mooring triangulations. The 333 kHz was set to passive for the duration of the voyage due to a known issue with the transducer.
Data are stored in <em>.raw, </em>.bot and *.idx format at CSIRO. There are 807 files totalling 76 GB of raw data in this dataset.

No processing has been conducted on this data.

Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the GSM data acquisition and processing report. Additional data products may be available on request.

Organization: CSIRO Marlin Data Catalogue
Gladstone Tsunami Animations

Four animations of earthquake tsunami scenarios as they propagate towards the Gladstone region. Two animations depict historic tsunamis: the Solomon Islands 2007 and the Kamchatka 2025 events. Another two animations depict large hypothetical scenarios from Geoscience Australia's PTHA18 database: a magnitude 9.0 from near the Solomon Islands and a magnitude 9.4 from the Kermadec-Tonga trench.

Tags: Natural Hazards, Published_External, animation, hazard, tsunami
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
RV Investigator Voyage IN2025_E03 End of Voyage (EOV) Archive

This record describes the End of Voyage (EOV) data archive from the Marine National Facility (MNF) RV Investigator voyage IN2025_E03, titled "IN2025_E03 Sea Trials and Calibrations." The voyage took place between December 09, 2025 and December 18, 2025 (AEST), departing from Hobart and returning to Hobart.

For further information please refer to the voyage documentation links.

Instruments used and data collected include:
Regular measurements:
Lowered ADCP (LADCP), Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP; 38, 75, 150 KHz ), Cloud Condensation Nuclei counter (CCN), Condensation Particle Counters (CPC), Disdrometer, Radon sensor, Black Carbon sensor (Aethalometer), CTD, Hydrochemistry, Fisheries Echosounder (EK80), Multibeam Echosounder (EM712, EM124, EM2040), Sub-bottom Profiler (SBP29), GPS Positioning System, Doppler Velocity Log, Thermosalinographs (TSG), Fluorometer, Oxygen Optode, pCO2, Gravimeter, Multiangle Absorption Photometer (MAAP), Ozone Sensor, Nephelometer, Atmospheric Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Wind and Rain sensors, Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) sensor, Precision Infrared Radiometer (PIR), Precision Spectral Pyranometer (PSP), ITI Trawl Net, Starboard and Portside Radiometers, Air Sampler, Ultra Short BaseLine Underwater Positioning System (USBL), Micro Rain Radar (MRR), Video, Weather Radar, Expendable Bathythermographs (XBTs).

The archive for the IN2025_E03 EOV raw data is curated by the CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrastructure (NCMI) Information and Data Centre (IDC) in Hobart, with a permanent archive at the CSIRO Data Access Portal (https://data.csiro.au/), providing access to voyage participants and processors of the data collected on the voyage.

All voyage documentation is available electronically to MNF support via the local network. Applications to access voyage documentation by non-CSIRO participants can be made via data-requests-hf@csiro.au All processed data from this voyage are made publicly available through the MNF Data Trawler (in the related links)

Organization: CSIRO Marlin Data Catalogue