AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Indicators of Catchment Condition in the Intensive Land Use Zone of Australia – Rivers in salt hazard

    

It should be noted that this data is now somwhat dated! The proximity of parts
of a river network to saline soils is an indicator of the propensity for
saline river flows. This information can be used to guide catchment scale
planning and management towards land management practices to maintain water
tables at depths well below the surface in near-stream areas. Sensitivity is a
function of how rapidly land-use changes cause hydrological changes affecting
stream flow and groundwater conditions.

The most detailed river data available is the AUSLIG 1:250K TOPO data. This
scale is appropriate to catchment scale analyses and has been used for this
indicator. The saline soils coverage is derived from the Atlas of Australian
Soils (Northcote, 1968), which was mapped at 1:2M scale.

This indicator is calculated as length of stream draining saline soils divided
by total length of stream. The quality and reliability of the data set is
limited by the coarseness of the soil mapping.

Broadly, it is reasonable to expect that if the sources of salt within a
catchment are close to streams, stream water will be more saline than for
areas where salt sources are remote from streams. However, interpretation is
not unequivocal as the hydrologic connectivity of alluvial soils is not
spatially uniform and the quantity of salt within asalt hazard soilsa and its
availability are not defined. The indicator has not been validated against
stream salinity data, but the relationship is easy to understand by users.
Some level of validation could be achieved using the stream reach and
exceedence data when available. The greatest density of high salt risk is in
the north and west-flowing tributary catchments of the Murray and Darling
Rivers, most notably the Broken River, Loddon, Avoca, Murray-Riverina,
Lachlan, Mallee, Wimmera-Avon Rivers, Moonie, Gwydir, Namoi, Castlereagh, and
the Macquarie-Bogan Rivers. The Gawler, Wakefield and Broughton Rivers in
South Australia are shown as in the poor category (high risk). The Burdekin,
Don, Calliope and Boyne River basins in Queensland have an indicated
moderately poor condition. The upper reaches of the Greenough, Blackwood and
Avon River Catchments (WA) have a relatively poor condition.

Data are available as:

  * continental maps at 5km (0.05 deg) cell resolution for the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over CRES defined catchments (CRES, 2000) in the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over the AWRC river basins in the ILZ.

See [further metadata](http://data.daff.gov.au/anrdl/metadata_files/pa_iccilr9ab
__05521axx.xml) for more detail.



Tags: environment, indicator, land, landcover, landuse, water
Organization: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences
Indicators of Catchment Condition in the Intensive Land Use Zone of Australia – Predicted 2050 salinity

    

It should be noted that this data is now dated!

The indicator reflects the probability that a catchment will develop a
significant salinity problem at some future time or continue to expand in an
existing one.

It is an indicator of hydrologic disequilibrium and is relevant across a range
of scales.

The 2050 predicted extent of salinity was modelled by various state and
territory agencies for the National Land and Water Resources Audit, 2001.

Different methods were used to estimate the extent so this national view of
predicted extent is not consistent and open to errors.

Most catchments in Western Australiaas southwest are predicted to continue
with substantial salt areas to 2050.

Some increases are predicted for the southeast coastal catchments.

Catchments in Western Australia that are predicted to have increased salinity
problems are the Esperance Coast, Albany Coast, Denmark, Kent, Frankland,
Shannon, Warren, Donnelly, Blackwood, Busselton, Preston, Collie, Harvey,
Murray, Avon, Swan Coast, Moore Hill River basins.

The extent of salinity in Tasmania and Queensland is predicted to decline
slightly, with no new areas identified.

In South Australia, NSW and Victoria salinity is predicted to worsen,
including more areas of catchments throughout the Murray-Darling Basin, in
southwest Victoria and in the upper southeast of South Australia.

In Victoria the catchments predicted to have increased salinity are Millicent
Coast, Glenelg, Portland Coast, Hopkins, Otway Coast, Lake Corangamite,
Barwon, Moorabool, Werribee, Maribyrnong River basins.

In NSW the catchment with a predicted major increase in areas of salinisation
is the Castlereagh.

Data are available as:

  * continental maps at 5km (0.05 deg) cell resolution for the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over CRES defined catchments (CRES, 2000) in the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over the AWRC river basins in the ILZ.

See [further metadata](http://data.daff.gov.au/anrdl/metadata_files/pa_iccilr9ab
__05321axx.xml) for more detail.



Tags: environment, indicator, land, landcover, landuse, water
Organization: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences
Australia's merchandise trade by state/territory by country (SITC) to FY2017

Australia's composition of merchandise trade by state/territory. Covers all trading partners, selected country groups and commodities. The data are consistent with the July 2017 release of catalogue number 5368.0 although some totals may differ because of rounding and DFAT adjustments. 
The data should be used in conjunction with the explanatory notes.

Tags: 2016-17, ACT, APEC, ASEAN, Australian economy, Australian trade, Economy, European Union, Exports, Imports, NSW, NT, OECD, QLD, SA, SITC, State, TAS, Territory, VIC, WA, commodity, composition of trade, country, economy, merchandise trade, trade
Organization: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Indicators of Catchment Condition in the Intensive Land Use Zone of Australia – Nutrient point source hazard

    

It should be noted that this data is now somwhat dated!

Nutrients can enter streams from point, diffuse from various extensive land-
uses or natural sources. In this indicator only industrial point sources
(mines, quarries and chemical plants) and intensive agricultural production
and urban point sources (abattoirs, dairy, livestock production, sewerage) are
considered. The Wild Rivers data set (Environment Australia) includes national
data on point sources of pollution (1:250K).

This data set can be separated into industrial (mines, quarries, chemical)
point sources and nutrient point sources (abattoirs, dairy, livestock
production, sewage). These data were obtained from state and federal sources
and much of the contaminated sites, chemical pollution and nutrient pollution
data are far from comprehensive (i.e. available for NSW, Victoria and SA
only).

Reliability of the available data is good, but the data set is incomplete.
Only nutrient point source data is used in this indicator. The density of
nutrient point sources is not an unequivocal indicator of excessive nutrient
levels in nearby waterways, since diffuse agricultural sources and natural
sources are not included. As for the industrial point sources, there is no
distinction made between types of nutrients exported, discharge magnitude and
frequency, existing environmental safe guards and proximity to stream network.

Interpretation is also confounded by the incompletedness of the data set. At
best, this is an indicator of nutrient hazard. It has not been validated
against the assessment question. The 500 and AWRC maps give a similar picture,
with the major point sources located in the Murray-Darling Basin and central
Victoria. The Bunyip, Moorabool, Kiewa and Ovens Rivers in Victoria, the Namoi
River in NSW and the Torrens River in South Australia have a notably high
nutrient point source hazard.

Data are available as:

  * continental maps at 5km (0.05 deg) cell resolution for the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over CRES defined catchments (CRES, 2000) in the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over the AWRC river basins in the ILZ.

See [further metadata](http://data.daff.gov.au/anrdl/metadata_files/pa_iccilr9ab
__06321axx.xml) for more detail.



Tags: environment, indicator, land, landcover, landuse, water
Organization: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences
Indicators of Catchment Condition in the Intensive Land Use Zone of Australia – Native vegetation fragmentation

    

It should be noted that this data is now somwhat dated!

The resilience and pristine quality of native vegetation areas is influenced
by the size of the surviving patches. Small areas are more vulnerable to
disease, fire, weed invasion and extinction. This affects native plant and
animal populations. Substantial patches of habitat are also required to
sustain larger native animals. Native vegetation extent has been derived from
mapping by the individual states at scales ranging from 1:25,000 to
1:1,000,000, with the more detailed mapping concentrated in intensively used
areas.

 merged nationwide dataset was created at 1:200,000 and was used to create
the indicator. Methods and definitions of native vegetation vary between
states. The quality of areas of remnant treed vegetation was estimated as the
percentage of a catchment occupied by intact patches greater than 50 hectares
in extent. The higher the percent the better the catchment is with respect to
habitat.

The main forested and wooded areas with significant remnant patches are in
Tasmania, eastern Victoria, the near-coastal areas and escarpment ranges of
New South Wales, and Far North Queensland. There are significant forested
areas in southwest Western Australia, and wooded areas remain in the drier
part of the Avon catchments.  similar picture emerges for the various scales.

The large majority of the Murray-Darling Basin, areas south and east of Port
Augusta in South Australia and the wheat belt in W have an indicated poor
condition. In western areas of the Murray-Darling Basin the area mapped as
poor condition is due to an initial absence of forested and wooded lands in
semi-arid and arid rangelands. Tasmania and northern Australia have the best
rating for retention of habitat.

Interpretation of this product should take into account the varying
methodology and scales. The reliability and precision of the data are
spatially variable.

Data are available as:

  * continental maps at 5km (0.05 deg) cell resolution for the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over CRES defined catchments (CRES, 2000) in the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over the AWRC river basins in the ILZ.

See [further metadata](http://data.daff.gov.au/anrdl/metadata_files/pa_iccilr9ab
__07021axx.xml) for more detail.



Tags: environment, indicator, land, landcover, landuse, water
Organization: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences
Indicators of Catchment Condition in the Intensive Land Use Zone of Australia – Land Condition Sub-index

    

It should be noted that this data is now somwhat dated!

The Land Condition Sub-index was based on three indicators: Predicted 2050
salinity, Soil degradation hazard, and Hillslope erosion ratio.

The general pattern of poorer land condition is amplified at the 500 km2
catchment level. Large parts of western NSW and northern South Australia are
shown with relatively good land condition whereas in southwest W the poorer
condition categories predominate. The Upper Condamine and larger areas of the
Fitzroy catchments in Queensland also have relative poorer condition based on
the land sub-index. The Hunter River basin stands out in New South Wales as
generally poor.

Data are available as:

  * continental maps at 5km (0.05 deg) cell resolution for the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over CRES defined catchments (CRES, 2000) in the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over the AWRC river basins in the ILZ.

See [further metadata](http://data.daff.gov.au/anrdl/metadata_files/pa_iccilr9ab
__06521axx.xml) for more detail.



Tags: environment, indicator, land, landcover, landuse, water
Organization: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences
Indicators of Catchment Condition in the Intensive Land Use Zone of Australia – Intensive agricultural area

    

It should be noted that this data is now somwhat dated!

Areas of intensive agriculture and production forestry are typically areas
where a monoculture land-use has replaced a more biologically diverse system.
The loss of biodiversity through agriculture is not something that can be
easily reversed through planning and management. Remaining areas of native
habitat are sensitive to catchment land-use changes.

An intensive agricultural land-use coverage was obtained from the NLWR (2000)
National Land-Use map (1:1M). Intensive agriculture was mapped as all areas
with cropping or modified pasture systems.

The scale of the land-use map is relatively coarse and the data has been
compiled from SL land-use data mapped to grid cells based on satellite
imagery interpretation. Reliability is variable. Intensive agriculture and
plantation forestry cause a dramatic reduction in biodiversity. By definition,
the ecological integrity of an area where a monoculture dominants, is poor;
the indicator is unequivocal. Less intensive agriculture also undermines
biodiversity, but arguably not to the extent found in cropping and improved
pasture systems.

The indicator has not been validated against biotic function, but is an
indicator that is easily understood by users. Whilst a substantial impact of
intensive agriculture is on biotic condition it can also impact on waterways
(water extraction and chemical transfer), and on soil structure (the ability
of the soil to avoid hard packing or erosion). Intensive agriculture coincides
with good soils on gently sloping or flat land, in higher rainfall areas, or
where water is available for irrigation.

The 500 km2 and 5A5 km scale maps give a well recognisable expression of the
intensive agriculture areas of Australia. Major impacts on catchment condition
are well expressed in the AWRC map. Impact on catchment condition are seen for
parts of central and southern Queensland, the western slopes and plains of New
South Wales, throughout most of southern and south-eastern South Australia,
central and northern Tasmania, most of Victoria and south-western Western
Australia.Data are available as:

  * continental maps at 5km (0.05 deg) cell resolution for the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over CRES defined catchments (CRES, 2000) in the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over the AWRC river basins in the ILZ.

See [further metadata](http://data.daff.gov.au/anrdl/metadata_files/pa_iccilr9ab
__06721axx.xml) for more detail.



Tags: environment, indicator, land, landcover, landuse, water
Organization: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences
Indicators of Catchment Condition in the Intensive Land Use Zone of Australia – Industrial point source hazard

    

It should be noted that this data is now somwhat dated!

Many industries discharge pollutants into streams a heavy metals, toxins,
nutrients and so on, which affect stream quality. The rate of discharge is
assumed to be proportional to the number of potential discharge points.

This indicator was developed from the Wild Rivers data set (Environment
Australia, 1997) which includes national data on point sources of pollution
(1:250K). This data set can be separated into industrial (mines, quarries,
chemical) point sources and nutrient point sources (abattoirs, dairy,
livestock production, sewage). Point sources were given equal weight.

The density of pollution point sources is not an unequivocal indicator of
heavy metal contamination of waterways, since there is no distinction made
between types and toxicities of pollutants, discharge magnitude and frequency,
environmental safe guards and proximity to stream network. The data set was
uncomplete, and should be improved as part of the National Pollution Inventory
data set. The main concentration of pollution sources is along the eastern
seaboard from the mid-coast of NSW to north of Brisbane. These would be mainly
industrial and mining pollutants. High values are for Maroochy, Qld South
Coast, Tweed, Brunswick, Richmond, Hunter, Macquarie, Tuggerah Lakes, Sydney
Coast-Georges, and Wollongong Coast. Inland from the coast, the Hunter Valley,
Bathurst and Orange areas fall into the poorest category. Other areas include
the area around Perth, a high proportion of Tasmania, the Darwin area and the
catchments inland of Cairns.

Data are available as:

  * continental maps at 5km (0.05 deg) cell resolution for the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over CRES defined catchments (CRES, 2000) in the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over the AWRC river basins in the ILZ.

See [further metadata](http://data.daff.gov.au/anrdl/metadata_files/pa_iccilr9ab
__06621axx.xml) for more detail.



Tags: environment, indicator, land, landcover, landuse, water
Organization: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences
Indicators of Catchment Condition in the Intensive Land Use Zone of Australia – Impoundment density

    

It should be noted that this data is now somwhat dated!

Nation-wide measures that would reflect the changes to flow regimes in rivers
were considered, for example changes in peakiness, and changes in volumes.
However national long-term data sets approaching catchment scale detail were
not available or were of dubious quality. The regulation of river flows has
changed the natural flows regimes of rivers and this impacts on wetland
ecosystems and aquatic biota.  measure based on impoundments was considered
to be the best available surrogate indicator for hydrological changes.

The Wild Rivers data set (Environment Australia, 1997) includes national data
on impoundments to river flow. The data set has four classes: major structures
(dams, reservoirs); weirs; locks/sluice gates; and minor structures (banks,
farm dams on or immediately adjacent to stream). The Wild Rivers data set also
includes flow diversions data, but these are not used in the indicator here.

The maps show the location of major irrigation schemes and the major dams for
urban water supply. The Wild Rivers impoundments data were obtained from state
point data sets, each of which were reclassified to a single four-class
impoundment rating system. Collection and derivation of data are not
consistent across the nation, and both point and polygon data have been
included.

The polygon data has the effect of grossly inflating the number of
impoundments as it is possible to have 400 x 250 m grid cells within a 5 km
grid cell, all counted as individual impoundments. The data set is reliable at
the Topo250K drainage layer scale (AUSLIG, 2000).

The most modified rivers and streams are in Tasmania (Derwent, Gordon, King
Henty, Pieman, Mersey, Forth, and Tamar Rivers). Other areas with significant
impacts on river flows are in the Mt Lofty Ranges around Adelaide (Fleurieu,
Myponga, Onkaparinga, Torrens, and Gawler Rivers), the hinterland of Melbourne
(Bunyip and Yarra Rivers) and in Queensland (Kolan, Ross, Barron and Tully
Rivers). In Western Australia the rivers with the highest impoundment values
were the Collie Harvey and Ord Rivers.

Data are available as:

  * continental maps at 5km (0.05 deg) cell resolution for the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over CRES defined catchments (CRES, 2000) in the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over the AWRC river basins in the ILZ.

See [further metadata](http://data.daff.gov.au/anrdl/metadata_files/pa_iccilr9ab
__06821axx.xml) for more detail.



Tags: environment, indicator, land, landcover, landuse, water
Organization: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences
Indicators of Catchment Condition in the Intensive Land Use Zone of Australia – Human population density

    

It should be noted that this data is now somwhat dated!

Human population density is a surrogate indicator of the extent of human
pressures on the surrounding landscapes.

Areas with high population density are associated with higher levels of stream
pollution and water diversion through sewers and drains. City and urban
environments are substantially changed from their pre-European condition but a
changed condition is not of itself necessarily poor by societal standards. It
is the impacts such as polluted run-off to waterways, air pollution, sewage
disposal, household water use and predation of wildlife by pets that confer
impacts on catchment condition. Human population centres have an impact well
beyond the built environment.

The impact of major population centres is well expressed in the AWRC map, but
is best displayed in the 500 map. The main areas of impact are the major
coastal and capital cities and suburbs, including popular beachside tourist
destinations. Elsewhere, the impact of population density appears to be
confined to the Murray and other major river valleys.

The Australian Bureau of Statistics compiles population statistics by sampling
statistical local areas (SLAas) through the national census. These data can be
converted to a per catchment basis.

Interpretation of the indicator is largely unequivocal, although there are
land-uses/activities (e.g. mining) where population density is not a good
indicator of the degree of habitat decline. This indicator has not been
validated relative to habitat decline. This indicator is easy to understand.

Data are available as:

  * continental maps at 5km (0.05 deg) cell resolution for the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over CRES defined catchments (CRES, 2000) in the ILZ;
  * spatial averages over the AWRC river basins in the ILZ.

See [further metadata](http://data.daff.gov.au/anrdl/metadata_files/pa_iccilr9ab
__06121axx.xml) for more detail.



Tags: environment, indicator, land, landcover, landuse, water
Organization: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences