AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Underwater Video from Cape Range and Cloates Canyons (FK200308)

Survey FK200308 on the R/V Falkor undertook detailed mapping within two significant and biologically unexplored submarine canyons (Cape Range and Cloates Canyon) in the Gascoyne Marine Park. The Gascoyne Marine Park covers 81, 766 km2 adjacent to the Ningaloo Marine Park. The canyons form part of the habitat protection and multiple use zones of the marine park and are identified as Key Ecological Features. The canyons provide an important connection between the abyssal plain environments and the Commonwealth waters adjacent to Ningaloo Reef on the continental shelf. High productivity aided by upwelling through the canyons has been related to aggregations of whale sharks, manta rays, humpback whales, sea snakes, sharks, large predatory fish and seabirds. In addition, the hard canyon walls provide habitat for a range of sessile invertebrates, while the soft sediments on the canyon floor support a range of mobile invertebrates. The data from this survey will provide a comprehensive taxonomic survey to characterise the marine biodiversity of the canyons or to understand the distribution of canyon habitats in relation to the seabed morphology.

The SuBastian ROV was used to acquire high-resolution video and collect samples. SuBastian is a custom-built work class ROV that conducts scientific work down to 4500m. It is equipped with a Sulis Subsea Z70 deep sea science camera with 4K UHD 2160p optics and sensors for temperature, depth, conductivity and oxygen. 

Twenty ROV dives were completed across 16 stations, and these included 12 quantitative imagery transects within the Cape Range Canyon. No quantitative transects were conducted in the Cloates Canyon. The quantitative transects were run for 500 m upslope, ideally at a speed of 0.3 knots and an altitude of 2 m above the seafloor or rock walls.

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Gascoyne Marine Park, HVC_144640, Marine Geoscience, Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology), Published_External, marine diversity, submarine canyons, underwater video
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Groundwater Geoscience for community. Making data more accessible to farmers, First Nations Australians and other natural resource managers

Geoscience Australia conducts field activities to better understand groundwater systems in areas where land-connected stakeholders, including farmers and First Nations Australians, have rights and interests. Communicating effectively, in inclusive, transparent and accessible ways is essential to ensure non-technical stakeholders understand what message is being conveyed. Creating tools for geoscientists to use for land access and other outreach or consultations helps them plan community engagement and ensures that community members have a better understanding of Earth Science and therefore improved access to the information they need to be able to make informed decisions.

Simplified animations, comic-style factsheets, and physical models have been created and tested to illustrate data acquisition techniques, what interpreted data looks like and how it is used. Tailored templates have been designed to ensure that the data collected is provided to impacted stakeholders at the end of field activities. In addition, portable, interactive groundwater exhibits and activities have been created and used at community outreach events. These have been found to be successful in holding the interest of the general public, substantially increasing the number of conversations about groundwater geoscience and exposing people to the data that is publicly available and possibly of interest to them.

When used in isolation, none of the engagement tools were found to be more effective than traditional ways of communicating. Instead, information is more easily understood when communication style and engagement tools are specially selected for the audience and used in combination.

Presented at the 52nd Congress of International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH2025)

Tags: First Nations, Geoscience Knowledge Sharing, Other earth sciences not elsewhere classified, Published_External, community education, farmers, groundwater, land access
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Helium in the Australian liquefied natural gas economy

Australia is about to become the premier global exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG), bringing increased opportunities for helium extraction. Processing of natural gas to LNG necessitates the exclusion and disposal of nonhydrocarbon components, principally carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Minor to trace hydrogen, helium and higher noble gases in the LNG feed-in gas become concentrated with nitrogen in the non-condensable LNG tail gas. Helium is commercially extracted worldwide from this LNG tail gas. Australia has one helium plant in Darwin where gas (containing 0.1% He) from the Bayu-Undan accumulation in the Bonaparte Basin is processed for LNG and the tail gas, enriched in helium (3%), is the feedstock for helium extraction. With current and proposed LNG facilities across Australia, it is timely to determine whether the development of other accumulations offers similar potential. Geoscience Australia has obtained helium contents in ~800 Australian natural gases covering all hydrocarbon-producing sedimentary basins. Additionally, the origin of helium has been investigated using the integration of helium, neon and argon isotopes, as well as the stable carbon 13C/12C) isotopes of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon gases and isotopes (15N/14N) of nitrogen. With no apparent loss of helium and nitrogen throughout the LNG industrial process, together with the estimated remaining resources of gas accumulations, a helium volumetric seriatim results in the Greater Sunrise (Bonaparte Basin) &gt; Ichthys (Browse Basin) &gt; Goodwyn–North Rankin (Northern Carnarvon Basin) accumulations having considerably more untapped economic value in helium extraction than the commercial Bayu-Undan LNG development.

Presented at Australian Petroleum Production &amp; Exploration Association (APPEA) Exhibition &amp; Conference 2018

<b>Citation:</b>  Boreham CJ, Edwards DS, Poreda RJ, Darrah TH, Zhu R, Grosjean E, Main P, Waltenberg K, Henson PA. (2018) Helium in the Australian liquefied natural gas economy. <i>The APPEA Journal</i> 58, 209–237. https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ17049

Tags: Amadeus Basin, Australia, Bass Basin, Bonaparte Basin, Bowen-Surat basins, Browse Basin, Canning Basin, Cooper-Eromanga basins, EARTH SCIENCES, Gippsland Basin, Gunnedah Basin, Helium, LNG, Northern Carnarvon, Organic geochemistry, Otway Basin, Perth Basin, Published_External, Resource potential, Timor Sea, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, nitrogen, noble gas, petroleum geochemistry, remaining hydrocarbon resources, stable isotopes
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Report of the Sub-Committee of vulcanology 1953. Review of volcanic activity in the Territory of Papua-New Guinea, the Solomon and New Hebrides Islands 1951-53: Australian National Committee on Geodesy and Geophysics

A review of volcanic activity in the Territory of Papua-New Guinea, and the Solomon and New Hebrides Islands, 1951-53. Observations are recorded for each of the individual localities under review.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, PG, Published_External, Record, volcanology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Comparison of geophysical and geochemical results at Labour Victory Mine, near Selwyn, Queensland

The geochemical map (copy attached) prepared by Mt.I sa Mines Ltd., has been compared with plans showing the self-potential and electromagnetic results of the geophysical survey carried out at the Labour Victory Mine, near Selwyn, Queensland in 1952 and 1953. (Plates 4 and 7 of B.M.R Records 1954, No. 2).  Transparencies of these two plates are also attached.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geochemistry, geophysics
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Report on tour abroad, July-December, 1952

The object of this tour was to study ore deposits and methods of exploration in Africa and North America as well as to attend, as Official Delegate of the Commonwealth of Australia, the 19th International Geological Congress held at Algiers in September, 1952. A considerable amount of information was gained concerning ore deposits in the countries visited and this information should be of assistance in the search for further metal deposits in Australia. At the international Congress useful work was achieved and contact was made with a large number of geologists in various parts of the world. These contacts will facilitate the exchange of information between Australia and foreign geologists. The itinerary followed the attached as an Appendix to this report.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, industry, mineral deposits, mineral exploration, ore
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geology of the eastern part of the Canberra 4-mile sheet

A reconnaissance survey of the eastern half of the Canberra 4-mile sheet was made during the period January - February 1952. The area mapped may be arbitrarily divided into two sections: the western section includes the eastern halves of the Canberra, Michelago, and Bredbo 1-mile sheets, and the eastern section comprises four 1-mile sheets - Lake Bathurst, Braidwood, Araluen and Bendethera. Belts of strongly folded Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian strata, with associated elongate masses of granite rocks, were encountered; they trend gradually northwards. Graptolites collected from Ordovician strata provide means to date these rocks accurately, and further study of the corals collected from Silurian limestones will similarly permit precise dating. Three fossil localities were found in the Devonian strata, but the brachiopods collected, although well-preserved and representative of many genera, do not permit precise stratigraphical placing without more intensive examination. Outcrops are generally very good in all parts except the Lake Bathurst area, where an extensive cover of Tertiary and later deposits obscures the Palaeozoic rocks.

Tags: AU-ACT, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, economic geology, geology, mapping, stratigraphy, structural geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Magnetotellurics – Imaging Lithospheric Architecture and Linking to Mineral Potential

The Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project (AusLAMP) is a collaborative national survey that acquires long-period magnetotelluric data on a half-degree grid spacing (approximately 55 km) across the Australian continent. This project aims to map the electrical conductivity/resistivity structure in the crust and mantle beneath the Australian continent. Geoscience Australia has a significant investment in AusLAMP and is a key contributor to the delivery of this national program.

Geoscience Australia, in partnership with State and Northern Territory Geological Surveys, has also undertaken regional-scale MT surveys, along onshore deep reflection seismic transects and in potential mineral and energy provinces across the country. The targeting signal range is 10 KHz – 1000 s, which provide an investigation depth from tens of metres to tens of kilometres. These data provide new insights into basement architecture and resource potential in these regions. 

We will present some new models and results from AusLAMP data and regional survey data, showing a remarkable correlation between conductive anomalies, crustal-scale boundaries and the distribution of giant mineral deposits. For example, the Carpentaria Conductivity Anomaly at the eastern margin of the Mount Isa Province characterises the position and geometry of the ancient Gidyea Suture Zone. The distribution of known gold and copper deposits shows a close spatial correlation with the suture zone, indicating that this structure is potentially a fundamental control on IOCG deposits in its vicinity. The implication is that crustal-penetrating structures act as potential pathways for fluid movement to form mineral deposits in the upper crust.

This Abstract was submitted/presented to the Biennial Meeting of the Specialist Group for Tectonics and Structural Geology (SGTSG) and the Specialist Group in Solid Earth Geophysics (SGSEG), Convergence on the Coast, 18-22 November 2019 Port Lincoln, South Australia

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Lower Cretaceous fossils from Papua and New Guinea

Two specimens of lower Cretaceous fossils from Papua New Guinea are described in this record: (i) a Neocomian Holaster of the H. cordatus group from near Mullens Harbour, Papua; and (ii) Lamellibranchia from Wapenamanda, Western Highlands District, Territory of New Guinea.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, PG, Published_External, Record, palaeontology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Sulphate complexes of YREE as a key to understanding unconformity-related HREE deposits

Heavy rare earth elements are essential in renewable energy and high-tech products. Some natural rare earth element (REE) deposits exhibit heavy rare earth element (HREE) enrichment from &lt;&nbsp;10% to ~85% of the REE budget (Williams-Jones et al., 2015). 



Controls on REE fractionation in hydrothermal systems are imposed by (1) changes in the relative stability of REE aqueous complexes with temperature (Migdisov et al., 2016) and (2) incorporation or rejection of REE by crystalline structures. Also, the REEs are invariably found as solid solutions but not as pure minerals. REE and yttrium (Y) sulphate complexes are some of the most stable REE and Y aqueous species in hydrothermal fluids (Migdisov and William-Jones, 2008, 2016; Guan et al., 2022) and may be responsible for REE transport and deposition in sediment-hosted deposits. Within the unconformity-related deposits, REEs are hosted mostly by xenotime ((Y,Dy,Er,Tb,Yb)PO4) and minor florencite ((La,Ce)Al3(PO4)2(OH)6) (Nazari-Dehkordi et al., 2019). Modelling the stability of xenotime in the H-O-Cl-(±F)-S-P aqueous system is critical for understanding HREE enrichment in this mineral system.



We use a newly derived thermodynamic dataset depos for REESO4+ and REE(SO4)2‑ aqueous complexes to generate stability diagrams illustrating mechanisms of REE transport and deposition in the above deposits. Sulphate REE complexes may dominate even in chloride-rich brines and facilitate REE mobilization in acid oxidizing environments. Previously Nazari-Dehkordi et al. (2019) proposed an ore genesis model involving the mixing of discrete hydrothermal fluids that separately carried REE + yttrium and phosphorus. The speciation model that includes sulphate complexes expands this scenario; a process resulting in fluid neutralization or reduction will also promote precipitation of xenotime enriched in HREEs.&nbsp;



This Abstract was submitted/presented to the 2022 Specialist Group in Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology (SGGMP) Conference 7-11 November (https://gsasggmp.wixsite.com/home/biennial-conference-2021)

Tags: Critical minerals, EFTF, EFTF – Exploring For The Future, Geochemistry, Inorganic Geochemistry, Published_External, REE, mineralisation
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
AusAEM, Northeast Queensland, Australia, 2024 Airborne Electromagnetic Survey TEMPEST® airborne electromagnetic data and GALEI conductivity estimates

The&nbsp;<strong>AusAEM, Northeast Queensland, Australia, 2024 Airborne Electromagnetic Survey</strong>&nbsp;was a collaborative effort between Geoscience Australia (GA) and the Geological Survey of Queensland (GSQ). Conducted between July and October 2024, the survey covered 30,500 flight-line kilometres at a nominal line spacing of 20 kilometres, with selected infill as part of GA's Data Driven Discoveries project in the Adavale . The primary aim was to gather comprehensive airborne electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical data to better understand subsurface geological formations, contributing to mineral exploration, groundwater studies, and broader geological mapping in North-east Queensland. 



The survey was flown by Xcalibur Aviation (Australia) Pty Ltd using its TEMPEST AEM system. Xcalibur also processed the data. This data package includes the acquisition and processing report, the final processed AEM data, and the results of the contractor's conductivity-depth estimates. 



The survey will become part of the national AusAEM airborne electromagnetic acquisition programme, which aims to provide geophysical information to support investigations of the regional geology and groundwater system and better characterise the salinity, recharge and architecture of the aquifers within the upper few hundred metres of the subsurface. 

Tags: AusAEM, Electrical and Electromagnetic Methods in Geophysics, Geophysics, North east Queensland, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity, airborne geophysics, geophysical inversion
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Report on uranium prospecting in the northern section of the Northern Territory

The period 17th June to 3rd July, 1953, was spent by the writer on the uranium fields. During this time an inspection was made of all work being carried out by the Bureau; in addition, the investigations by Territory Enterprise Limited at Rum Jungle were shown to the writer by W. Thomas, Resident Geologist.

Tags: AU-NT, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, commodities, mineral deposits, mineral exploration
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Explanatory notes on the Minilya Sheet, Western Australia

The earliest recorded geological work on the area covered by the Minilya four-mile sheet was that of Woodward (1907) who examined the country north of the Minilya River and noted the limestone on the west flank of the Giralia anticline. In 1909 A. Gibb Maitland described the Carboniferous and Permian succession in the area drained by the Gascoyne, Lyons, Minilya and Lyndon Rivers, but referred the whole sequence to the Carboniferous. Geologists of Oil Search Ltd., under D. Dale Condit, examined the Carnarvon Basin in 1932, 1934 and 1935. Raggatt (1936) described the stratigraphy of the Permian in some detail and subdivided the Cretaceous sequence. Raggatt and Fletcher (1937) examined the fauna of the Permian of the Carnarvon Basin. Teichert did detailed stratigraphic work in the Wandagee area from 1938 to 1940. Geologists of the Bureau of Mineral Resources mapped the Minilya Sheet from 1948 to 1951, using R.A.A.F. aerial photographs. The present sheet is entirely the result of the mapping of the Bureau geologists although much of the stratigraphic nomenclature is adapted from Raggatt's and Teichert's work.

Tags: AU-WA, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, economic geology, geology, palaeontology, stratigraphy, structural geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geological report on gold mining lease 1075 - "Barola Reefs" Kainantu sub-district, Eastern Highlands, New Guinea

Gold Mining Lease 1075 is situated at the head of Rowlands Creek, a tributary of Barola Creek. The workings are on the hillside just south of the head of Rowlands Creek and approximately five miles west-south-west from Kainantu Sub-District Office and Airstrip in the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea. The elevation of the workings is approximately 6,200 feet above sea-level. The area was examined by the writer in April, 1953. [The history and development of the lease, transport and resources, general geology, ore geology, the occurrence of the gold, and further prospects, are discussed in this report].

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, PG, Published_External, Record, economic geology, geology, gold, mineral deposits
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geophysical survey at Labour Victory Mine, near Selwyn, Queensland

A geophysical survey, comprising self-potential and electromagnetic methods, was made during the 1952 and 1953 field seasons at the Labour Victory Copper Mine, about 7 miles north-north-west of the Mt. Elliott Copper Mine, near Selwyn, Northern Queensland. The self-potential survey covered an area of 2,400 feet x 900 feet, but owing to other operational commitments during the 1953 season, the electromagnetic survey was confined to the southern part of the area. The primary object of the work was to determine the extent of the mineralisation associated with the known lode, which strikes north-south through the centre of the surveyed area. The self-potential survey revealed a well-defined anomaly nearly 1,000 feet long, in the northern part of the area. The axis of this anomaly is parallel to, but about 75 feet west of, the known lode. The disused main shaft of the now idle mine is at the southern end of the anomaly, which in this vicinity deviates slightly towards the south-east, i.e. towards the known lode. No workings exist in the area of the indication, and no outcrops were found, the rock formations being hidden for the most part by alluvium. The electromagnetic results confirmed those of the self-potential survey, but the electromagnetic indication extends farther to the south. The results suggest that the indication may be caused by lenticular bodies and that these are disturbed by cross faults. No mineralised deposits were indicated by the electrical results in the southern part of the area. It is recommended that some trenching and geological and geochemical work be done in the area of the strong electrical indication. If the results of the testing show that the indication is not due to graphitic or pyritic schists, it is recommended that a number of diamond drill holes be put down. Suggested locations for five such drill holes are given. If the anomaly is due to ore the geophysical results suggest an ore body of considerable size.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geophysics, mineral deposits, mineral exploration, prospectivity
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The ranges of Glossopteris, Taeniopteris and Thinnfeldia in Australia

A critical study of the relevant literature reveals that the Australian records, which claim the intermingling of the Glossopteris flora (Permian) with the Thinnfeldia-Taeniopteris flora (Triassic), are either incorrect or unreliable. In Australia, the two floras are therefore still satisfactory guides for the separation of Palaeozoic from Mesozoic rocks.

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, palaeontology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
L111&L112 Denison Trough (Bowen Basin) seismic survey, QLD, 1978_1979, Stacked seismic data and images for lines BMR78-01, BMR78-02, BMR78-03, BMR78-06, BMR78-07, and BMR78-08, BMR79-04, BMR79-04E, BMR79-05, BMR79-09

Geoscience Australia conducted a seismic survey in the Denison Trough, in the western part of the Bowen Basin in Queensland in 1978 and 1979. The aims of the survey were to delineate the configuration of the Trough, in particular the lower part of the Permian sequence and basement, and to provide stratigraphic information from the Permian sequence that, in conjunction with current Geological Survey of Queensland (GSQ) stratigraphic studies, would enable reliable stratigraphic correlations to be made throughout the Trough. The survey obtained 457 km of digitally recorded six-fold Common-Depth-Point seismic reflection data.

Tags: AU-QLD, HVC_144637, Published_External, Seismic Data seismic survey, Seismology and Seismic Exploration, geophysics, mineral exploration, petroleum exploration, seismic reflection, seismic sections
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data