AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen generation by subsurface iron mineral transformations

Natural (geogenic) hydrogen has gained increasing interest as a possible new “carbon-free” energy source. If found in commercially exploitable quantities, there is potential for this new energy source to significantly support the global transition to a low carbon economy. The many origins of natural hydrogen in our geologic system make exploration challenging. A recognised production pathway is hydrogen generated in subsurface environments through a variety of water-rock interactions, with oxidation of reduced iron minerals one of the most important. Of the various iron-mediated pathways, the hydrolysis of magnesium and iron rich (ultramafic) minerals such as olivine to serpentine (a process known as “serpentinization”), brucite, magnetite and H2 is considered to be particularly important:
Mg1.82Fe0.18SiO4 + wH2O → 0.5(Mg,FeII,FeIII)3(Si,FeIII)2O5(OH)4 + x(Mg,Fe)(OH)2 + yFe3O4 + zH2
Olivine Serpentine Brucite Magnetite
H2 generation via this process is severely limited both by the slow reaction kinetics and partitioning of Fe(II) into brucite with the rate of H2 production determined by the oxidation of Fe(II) associated with this mineral. While magnetite should be the end product of this oxidation process, laboratory studies have shown that the magnetite so formed typically contains elemental iron. This suggests that the mechanism of H2 generation may involve disproportionation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) and Fe(0) with the Fe(0) produced expected to induce water reduction as shown below.
4Fe(OH)2 → Fe(0) + Fe3O4 + 4 H2O
Fe(0) + 2H2O → Fe(OH)2 + H2
Laboratory studies of this process reveal that pH, temperature and the presence of other elements such as nickel have a dramatic effect on rate of H2 generation. We present a range of additional studies that could be undertaken to both confirm this hypothesized mechanism and, potentially, enhance the natural generation of H2.

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, carbon-free, energy source, natural hydrogen
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Charters Towers Gravity Survey, Qld, 2008 (P200740), gravity point data

Gravity data measures small changes in gravity due to changes in the density of rocks beneath the Earth's surface. The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 This Charters Towers Gravity Survey, Qld, 2008 (P200740) contains a total of 14161 point data values acquired at a spacing between 2000 and 4000 metres. The data is located in QLD and were acquired in 2007, under project No. 200740 for Fugro Ground Geophysics Pty Ltd.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, QLD, geophysical survey, geophysics, gravity, ground digital data, point, point located data, survey 200740
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Pine Creek 1:250 000 GIS Dataset

This data is part of the series of maps that covers the whole of Australia at a scale of 1:250 000 (1cm on a map represents 2.5km on the ground) and comprises 513 maps. This is the largest scale at which published topographic maps cover the entire continent. 
Data is downloadable in various distribution formats.

Tags: 250K scale, AU-NT, Earth Sciences, GIS Dataset, Published_External, dataset, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Ullawarra 1:50 000 topographic map

Product Specifications Coverage: Partial coverage, predominantly in northern Australia, along major transport routes, and other selected areas. About 1000 maps have been published to date. Currency: Ranges from 1968 to 2006. Coordinates: Geographical and UTM. Datum: AGD66, new edition WGS84; AHD. Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Paper, flat copies only.

Tags: 50K scale, AU-WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
AUSGeoid98 v.1.0 data files: Truant Island (sc53-16)

AUSGeoid98 data files contain a 2 minute grid of AUSGeoid98 data covering the Australian region, which you can use to interpolate geoid-ellipsoid separations for the positions required.You can use your own interpolation software, or you can use Geoscience Australia's Windows Interpolation software (Winter). The data files are text files in a standard format that cover the same area as standard topographic map areas. Files covering both 1:250,000 (approximately 100 x 150 km) and 1:1,000,000 (approximately 400 x 600 km) map areas are available. There is a 4 minute overlap on all sides of each area. Data format: AUSGeoid98 data files have a header record at the start of each file, to distinguish them from the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files. AUSGeoid98 data files show the geoid-ellipsoid separation to 3 decimal places, while the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files showed only 2 decimal places. AUSGeoid98 deflections of the vertical were computed from the geoid-ellipsoid separation surface, while the AUSGeoid93 deflections of the vertical were computed from OSU91A.

Tags: AU, AUSGeoid98, Geodesy, Geodetic Data, Published_External, dataset, geodesy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Ethel Creek 1:50 000 topographic map

Product Specifications Coverage: Partial coverage, predominantly in northern Australia, along major transport routes, and other selected areas. About 1000 maps have been published to date. Currency: Ranges from 1968 to 2006. Coordinates: Geographical and UTM. Datum: AGD66, new edition WGS84; AHD. Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Paper, flat copies only.

Tags: 50K scale, AU-WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Helium isotopic distribution of Australian natural gases

ORIGIN AND USE OF HELIUM IN AUSTRALIAN NATURAL GASES
C. Boreham1, D. Edwards1. R. Poreda2, P. Henson1.
1 Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia; 2 University of Rochester, NY, USA
Over 800 natural gases representative of Australia's hydrocarbon-producing sedimentary basins have been analyzed for their helium (He) content and around 150 gases for their helium isotopic composition, supplemented by isotopic compositions of the higher noble gases. Australian natural gases have helium abundances to over 10%, with the highest values in the Amadeus Basin, in central Australia, while 3He/4He ratios range from around 0.01 to 4.2 Ra (Figure 1). The onshore Gunnedah Basin of southeastern Australia and the offshore Bass and onshore/offshore Otway basins in southern Australia show the highest 3He/4He ratios, indicating a significant mantle contribution. Interestingly, the offshore Gippsland Basin, adjacent to the Bass Basin, has slightly lower 3He/4He ratios. In the Gunnedah Basin, the associated CO2 has a relatively low abundance compared to extreme concentrations of CO2 in some Otway Basin wells, which are associated with recent volcanism. The onshore Bowen and Cooper basins of eastern Australia, where natural gases are predominately sourced from Permian coals, show intermediate 3He/4He ratios with the former having a higher mantle contribution. At the other end of the spectrum, low 3He/4He ratios characterize natural gases of the offshore North West Shelf (Bonaparte, Browse, Carnarvon) and onshore/offshore Perth basins in northwestern and southwestern Australia, respectively, and radiogenic helium predominates. Hence the sometimes extensive volcanic activity and igneous intrusions in these western basins is not expressed in the helium isotopes. The accompanying high CO2 contents (up to 44%) of some of these North West Shelf gases, together with the carbon isotopic composition of CO2, infer an inorganic source most likely from the thermal decomposition of carbonates.
The geochemical data suggest that the origin of helium in Australian natural gas accumulations is region specific and complex with the component gases originating from multiple sources. The relative low CO2/3He ratio for many natural gases indicates a systematic loss of CO2 from most basins. The process by which CO2 has been lost from the system is most likely associated with precipitation of carbonates (Prinzhofer, 2013). The age of the source (and/or reservoir) rock has a primary control on the helium content with radiogenic 4He input increasing with residence time (Figure 1). 
References:
Prinzhofer, A., 2013. Noble gases in oil and gas accumulations. The Noble Gases as Geochemical Tracers. Springer. 225-245.

Tags: Helium, Published_External, isotopic, natural gas
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Yardina 1:100 000 topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres. Many maps are supplemented by hill shading. These maps contain natural and constructed features including road and rail infrastructure, vegetation, hydrography, contours, localities and some administrative boundaries. Product Specifications Coverage: Australia is covered by more than 3000 x 1:100 000 scale maps, of which 1600 have been published as printed maps. Unpublished maps are available as compilations. Currency: Ranges from 1961 to 2009. Average 1997. Coordinates: Geographical and either AMG or MGA coordinates. Datum: AGD66, GDA94; AHD Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Printed maps: Paper, flat and folded copies. Compilations: Paper or film, flat copies only.

Tags: 100K scale, AU-WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Mount Bruce 1:250 000 GIS Dataset

This data is part of the series of maps that covers the whole of Australia at a scale of 1:250 000 (1cm on a map represents 2.5km on the ground) and comprises 513 maps. This is the largest scale at which published topographic maps cover the entire continent. 
Data is downloadable in various distribution formats.

Tags: 250K scale, AU-WA, Earth Sciences, GIS Dataset, Published_External, dataset, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Hamersley Basin (Mt Phillips,Mt Egerton,Collier,Wyloo) A, WA, 1983 (P513), magnetic line data, AWAGS levelled

Total magnetic intensity (TMI) data measures variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the contrasting content of rock-forming minerals in the Earth crust. Magnetic anomalies can be either positive (field stronger than normal) or negative (field weaker) depending on the susceptibility of the rock. The data are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 These line dataset from the Hamersley Basin (Mt Phillips,Mt Egerton,Collier,Wyloo), WA, 1983 survey were acquired in 1983 by the WA Government, and consisted of 44282 line-kilometres of data at 1500m line spacing and 100m terrain clearance. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data. This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS.

Tags: AWAGS, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, Published_External, WA, airborne digital data, geophysical survey, geophysics, line, magnetic, magnetics, magnetism and palaeomagnetism, survey 513, vector
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geochemical map of Australia (First Edition) - Ho (holmium) series

Map(s) of Ho (holmium) concentration (Total content, Aqua Regia soluble content, and/or Mobile Metal Ion soluble content) in Top Outlet Sediment (TOS) and/or Bottom Outlet Sediment (BOS) samples, dry-sieved to &lt;2 mm and/or &lt;75 um grain size fractions. Source: The Geochemical Atlas of Australia (Caritat and Cooper, 2011)

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, Geoscience, Published_External, Thematic Map, geochemistry, mapping, regolith
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
AUSGeoid98 v.1.0 data files:  (sl54)

AUSGeoid98 data files contain a 2 minute grid of AUSGeoid98 data covering the Australian region, which you can use to interpolate geoid-ellipsoid separations for the positions required.You can use your own interpolation software, or you can use Geoscience Australia's Windows Interpolation software (Winter). The data files are text files in a standard format that cover the same area as standard topographic map areas. Files covering both 1:250,000 (approximately 100 x 150 km) and 1:1,000,000 (approximately 400 x 600 km) map areas are available. There is a 4 minute overlap on all sides of each area. Data format: AUSGeoid98 data files have a header record at the start of each file, to distinguish them from the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files. AUSGeoid98 data files show the geoid-ellipsoid separation to 3 decimal places, while the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files showed only 2 decimal places. AUSGeoid98 deflections of the vertical were computed from the geoid-ellipsoid separation surface, while the AUSGeoid93 deflections of the vertical were computed from OSU91A.

Tags: AU, AUSGeoid98, Geodesy, Geodetic Data, Published_External, dataset, geodesy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
1: 1 Million General Reference Topographic Map Series

This map is part of a series which comprises 50 maps which covers the whole of Australia at a scale of 1:1 000 000 (1cm on a map represents 10km on the ground). Each standard map covers an area of 6 degrees longitude by 4 degrees latitude or about 590 kilometres east to west and about 440 kilometres from north to south. These maps depict natural and constructed features including transport infrastructure (roads, railway airports), hydrography, contours, hypsometric and bathymetric layers, localities and some administrative boundaries, making this a useful general reference map.

Tags: 1M scale, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, cartography, mapping, topography, tourism
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Nabunga Creek 1:50 000 topographic map

Product Specifications Coverage: Partial coverage, predominantly in northern Australia, along major transport routes, and other selected areas. About 1000 maps have been published to date. Currency: Ranges from 1968 to 2006. Coordinates: Geographical and UTM. Datum: AGD66, new edition WGS84; AHD. Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Paper, flat copies only.

Tags: 50K scale, AU-NT, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Rolling Bay 1:100 000 topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres. Many maps are supplemented by hill shading. These maps contain natural and constructed features including road and rail infrastructure, vegetation, hydrography, contours, localities and some administrative boundaries. Product Specifications Coverage: Australia is covered by more than 3000 x 1:100 000 scale maps, of which 1600 have been published as printed maps. Unpublished maps are available as compilations. Currency: Ranges from 1961 to 2009. Average 1997. Coordinates: Geographical and either AMG or MGA coordinates. Datum: AGD66, GDA94; AHD Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Printed maps: Paper, flat and folded copies. Compilations: Paper or film, flat copies only.

Tags: 100K scale, AU-NT, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Sir Samuel Throssell Gravity Survey (P201460), gravity point data

Gravity data measures small changes in gravity due to changes in the density of rocks beneath the Earth's surface. The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 This Sir Samuel Throssell Gravity Survey (P201460) contains a total of 11659 point data values acquired at a spacing of 2500 metres. The data is located in WA and were acquired in 2014, under project No. 201460 for Geological Survey of Western Australia (GSWA).

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, WA, geophysical survey, geophysics, gravity, ground digital data, point, point located data, survey 201460
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
AUSGeoid98 v.1.0 data files:  (sd57-07)

AUSGeoid98 data files contain a 2 minute grid of AUSGeoid98 data covering the Australian region, which you can use to interpolate geoid-ellipsoid separations for the positions required.You can use your own interpolation software, or you can use Geoscience Australia's Windows Interpolation software (Winter). The data files are text files in a standard format that cover the same area as standard topographic map areas. Files covering both 1:250,000 (approximately 100 x 150 km) and 1:1,000,000 (approximately 400 x 600 km) map areas are available. There is a 4 minute overlap on all sides of each area. Data format: AUSGeoid98 data files have a header record at the start of each file, to distinguish them from the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files. AUSGeoid98 data files show the geoid-ellipsoid separation to 3 decimal places, while the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files showed only 2 decimal places. AUSGeoid98 deflections of the vertical were computed from the geoid-ellipsoid separation surface, while the AUSGeoid93 deflections of the vertical were computed from OSU91A.

Tags: AU, AUSGeoid98, Geodesy, Geodetic Data, Published_External, dataset, geodesy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Pilbara Block (Port Hedland, Marble Bar, Nullagine), WA. 1985 (P508), radiometric line data, AWAGS levelled

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 This Pilbara Block (Port Hedland, Marble Bar, Nullagine), WA. 1985 (P508), radiometric line data, AWAGS levelled were acquired in 1985 by the WA Government, and consisted of 42713 line-kilometres of data at 1500m line spacing and 150m terrain clearance. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data. This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS.

Tags: AWAGS, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NASVD, Published_External, WA, airborne digital data, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, line, potassium, radiometrics, spectrometry, survey 508, thorium, uranium, vector
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Gold rush technology 1850s - 1990s : educational slide set

The Gold Rush Technology slide set is a joint education project with the Sovereign Hill Ballarat Education Service and comprises 
-  14 page booklet with background information and descriptions of each image. Includes equipment used by Gold Rush miners, from simple alluvial panning to underground mining. Also includes modern gold exploration methods using geology and geophysics.
- 15 slides
- student question/s for each slide
Suitable for primary levels Years 5-6 and secondary levels Years 7-8

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geology, geoscience education, mineral deposits, mineral exploration
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Mount Tarley 1:100 000 unpublished topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres.

Tags: 100K unpublished, AU-QLD, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Kingoonya 1:100 000 topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres. Many maps are supplemented by hill shading. These maps contain natural and constructed features including road and rail infrastructure, vegetation, hydrography, contours, localities and some administrative boundaries. Product Specifications Coverage: Australia is covered by more than 3000 x 1:100 000 scale maps, of which 1600 have been published as printed maps. Unpublished maps are available as compilations. Currency: Ranges from 1961 to 2009. Average 1997. Coordinates: Geographical and either AMG or MGA coordinates. Datum: AGD66, GDA94; AHD Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Printed maps: Paper, flat and folded copies. Compilations: Paper or film, flat copies only.

Tags: 100K scale, AU-SA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Fitzroy Crossing 1:100 000 topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres. Many maps are supplemented by hill shading. These maps contain natural and constructed features including road and rail infrastructure, vegetation, hydrography, contours, localities and some administrative boundaries. Product Specifications Coverage: Australia is covered by more than 3000 x 1:100 000 scale maps, of which 1600 have been published as printed maps. Unpublished maps are available as compilations. Currency: Ranges from 1961 to 2009. Average 1997. Coordinates: Geographical and either AMG or MGA coordinates. Datum: AGD66, GDA94; AHD Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Printed maps: Paper, flat and folded copies. Compilations: Paper or film, flat copies only.

Tags: 100K scale, AU-WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Cassini Island 1:50 000 topographic map

Product Specifications Coverage: Partial coverage, predominantly in northern Australia, along major transport routes, and other selected areas. About 1000 maps have been published to date. Currency: Ranges from 1968 to 2006. Coordinates: Geographical and UTM. Datum: AGD66, new edition WGS84; AHD. Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Paper, flat copies only.

Tags: 50K scale, AU-WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data