AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Bundaberg Regional Council Planning Scheme 2015

This data contains a subset of data that forms part of the Zone Maps of the Bundaberg Regional Council Planning Scheme 2015 (Version 5.1, effective 4/12/2020). The data identifies 20 zones covering residential, centre, industry, open space and other zones, and includes the following layers:

* Zones - forms part of the Zone Maps of the Bundaberg Regional Council Planning Scheme 2015. The data identifies 20 zones covering residential, centre, industry, open space and other zones.  Zones organise the planning scheme area in a way that facilitates the location of preferred or acceptable land uses.  The Zone Codes at Part 6 (Zones) of the Planning Scheme identify the purpose of each zone, along with the assessment benchmarks and outcomes sought for each zone.

* Community Facilities Zone Annotations - forms part of the Zone Maps of the Bundaberg Regional Council Planning Scheme 2015. Where a zone map provides an annotation for land included in the Community Facilities Zone, the annotation refers to the corresponding use as set out in the definition (Community facilities zone annotation) in Table SC1.2.2 (Administrative definitions).

* Zone Precincts - forms part of the Zone Maps of the Bundaberg Regional Council Planning Scheme 2015. The data identifies the zone precincts within the Medium density residential zone, the Principal centre zone, the Limited development zone and the Rural residential zone.

This data is for the purpose of the Bundaberg Regional Council Planning Scheme 2015 only.  Full documentation is available at https://www.bundaberg.qld.gov.au/planning-scheme-policies.  For additional information please contact Council’s Development Group on 1300 883 699 or email development@bundaberg.qld.gov.au.

Organization: Bundaberg Regional Council
Extirpations and extinctions: a plant microfossil-based history of the demise of rainforest and wet sclerophyll communities in the Lake George basin, Southern Tablelands of NSW, south-east Australia

Sites recording the extinction or extirpation of tropical–subtropical and cool–cold temperate rainforest genera during the Plio–Pleistocene aridification of Australia are scattered across the continent, with most preserving only partial records from either the Pliocene or Pleistocene. The highland Lake George basin is unique in accumulating sediment over c. 4 Ma although interpretation of the plant microfossil record is complicated by its size (950 km2), neotectonic activity and fluctuating water levels. A comparison of this and other sites confirms (1) the extinction of rainforest at Lake George was part of the retreat of Nothofagus-gymnosperm communities across Australia during the Plio–Pleistocene; (2) communities of warm- and cool-adapted rainforest genera growing under moderately warm-wet conditions in the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene have no modern analogues; (3) the final extirpation of rainforest taxa at Lake George occurred during the Middle Pleistocene; and (4) the role of local wildfires is unresolved although topography, and, elsewhere, possibly edaphic factors allowed temperate rainforest genera to persist long after these taxa became extinct or extirpated at low elevations across much of eastern Australia. Araucaria, which is now restricted to the subtropics–tropics in Australia, appears to have survived into Middle Pleistocene time at Lake George, although the reason remains unclear.
Citation: Macphail Mike, Pillans Brad, Hope Geoff, Clark Dan (2020) Extirpations and extinctions: a plant microfossil-based history of the demise of rainforest and wet sclerophyll communities in the Lake George basin, Southern Tablelands of NSW, south-east Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 68, 208-228.

Tags: Araucaria, Bungendore Formations, Calabrian, Chibanian’, EARTH SCIENCES, Gearys Gap, Gelasian, Late Pliocene, Middle Pleistocene, Natural Hazards, Nothofagus, Ondyong Point, Piacenzian, Published_External, Symplocos, earliest Pleistocene, earthquake hazard, odocarpaceae
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (PTHA): multiple sources and global applications

Applying probabilistic methods to infrequent but devastating natural events is intrinsically challenging. For tsunami analyses, a suite of geophysical assessments should be in principle evaluated because of the diﬀerent causes generating tsunamis (earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity, meteorological events, and asteroid impacts) with varying mean recurrence rates. Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analyses (PTHAs) are conducted in diﬀerent areas of the world at global, regional, and local scales with the aim of understanding tsunami hazard to inform tsunami risk reduction activities. PTHAs enhance knowledge of the potential tsunamigenic threat by estimating the probability of exceeding speciﬁc levels of tsunami intensity metrics (e.g., run-up or maximum inundation heights) within a certain period of time (exposure time) at given locations (target sites); these estimates can be summarized in hazard maps or hazard curves. This discussion presents a broad overview of PTHA, including (i) sources and mechanisms of tsunami generation, emphasizing the variety and complexity of the tsunami sources and their generation mechanisms, (ii) developments in modeling the propagation and impact of tsunami waves, and (iii)statistical procedures for tsunami hazard estimates that include the associated epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties. Key elements in understanding the potential tsunami hazard are discussed, in light of th erapid development of PTHA methods during the last decade and the globally distributed applications, including the importance of considering multiple sources, their relative intensities, probabilities of occurrence, and uncertainties in an integrated and consistent probabilistic framework.
Citation: Grezio, A., Babeyko, A., Baptista, M. A., Behrens, J., Costa, A., Davies, G.,… Thio, H. K. (2017). Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis: Multiple sources and global applications. Reviews of Geophysics, 55, 1158–1198. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017RG000579

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
New ways to engage with Australian stratigraphy

Access to the Australian Stratigraphic Units Database (ASUD) and information on stratigraphic nomenclature has been updated recently. While it is still available through the Geoscience Australia Home page http://www.ga.gov.au/, the look and feel of the contact forms and the three search pages, the ‘Stratigraphic Units Search’, the ‘Stratigraphic Units by State/Territory’, and the ‘References Search’, have changed. Also included on the stratigraphy web pages are our infographic and a practical exercise on establishing, naming and defining a new unit. 
Stratigraphic information can also be found through links with other data and websites. The ASUD provides the basic stratigraphic data behind all of Geoscience Australia’s geological GIS products such as the ‘1:1 million Surface Geology’ and the range of sub-surface map layers that are now being produced, with the current focus being on northern Australia as part of the ‘Exploring for the Future’ programme.
ASUD data is also used in the geological maps part of the AUSGIN Geoscience Portal http://www.geoscience.gov.au/, and the Data Standards section provides links back to our stratigraphic nomenclature pages. 
State and Territory Geological Survey products and various Geoscience Australia products such as  the new Boreholes data packages, and existing products such as the biostratigraphy charts, and various groundwater publications also include stratigraphic data from ASUD.
Further enhancements are being planned, both to delivery of stratigraphic nomenclature information and the contents of geoscience data packages, so we welcome input on what our information and data delivery should look like in the future.
Presented at the 2018 Australian Geoscience Council Convention (AGCC)

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Geology, Published_External, Stratigraphy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Using Multibeam Backscatter Data to Investigate Sediment-Acoustic Relationships

Sediment properties are known to influence acoustic backscatter intensity. This sediment-acoustic relationship has been investigated previously through using physical geoacoustic models and empirical methods and found to be complex and non-linear. Here we employ a robust machine-learning statistical model (random forest decision tree) to investigate the most likely non-linear sediment-backscatter relationships. The analysis uses co-located sediment and acoustic backscatter data for 564 locations in four different areas on the Australian margin. Seven sediment grain size properties (%gravel, %sand, %mud, mean grain size, sorting, skewness and kurtosis) were used to predict the acoustic backscatter responses at individual incidence angles. The sample size and consistency of sediment textural analysis ensure the adequacy of the statistical power for the modelling and is the fundamental strength of this study. The modelling results demonstrate the effectiveness of the cause-to-effect approach for the investigation of sediment-acoustic interactions. Thus, we find that for incidence angles between 1o and 41o, the sediment variables explain around 70% of variance in the backscatter intensity. Sediment mud content was found to be the most important sediment variable in the model, and has a significant negative relationship with backscatter intensity. Mean grain size was the second ranked sediment variable and found to have a positive relationship with backscatter intensity. The results also show that sediment mud content plays a key role in sorting-backscatter and sand-backscatter relationships. The combined influence of sediment mud content and mean grain size was able to largely explain the sediment-acoustic interaction. The strongest backscatter return occurred with medium sediment mud content and large mean grain sizes (or muddy coarse sand). However, the sediment-acoustic interaction beyond the critical angle could not been reliably resolved in this study. Overall, these results further demonstrate the utility of acoustic backscatter in seabed habitat mapping and provide important insights into those sediment parameters that warrant further investigation.
Citation: Huang, Z., Siwabessy, J., Cheng, H., &amp; Nichol, S. (2018). Using multibeam backscatter data to investigate sediment-acoustic relationships. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123, 4649–4665. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JC013638

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, multibeam backscatter, sediment
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Establishing background variation and threshold values for 59 elements in Australian surface soil

During the National Geochemical Survey of Australia over 1300 top and bottom sediment samples (including ~10% field duplicates) were collected from the outlet of 1186 catchments covering 81% of the continent at an average sample density of 1 site/5200 km2. The &lt;2 mm fraction of these samples was analysed for 59 elements by ICP-MS following an aqua regia extraction. Results are used here to establish the geochemical background variation of these elements, including potentially toxic elements (PTEs), in Australian surface soil. Different methods of obtaining threshold values, which differentiate between background and those samples with unusually high element concentrations and requiring attention, are presented and compared to Western Australia's 'ecological investigation levels' (EILs) established for 14 PTEs. For Mn and V these EILs are so low that an unrealistically large proportion (~24%) of the sampled sites would need investigation in Australia. For the 12 remaining elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn) very few sample sites require investigation and most are far removed from human activity centres, potentially highlighting minor local contamination or mineral exploration potential rather than pollution. No major diffuse source of contamination by PTEs visibly affects Australian soils at the continental scale. Of the statistical methods used to establish threshold values, the most pertinent results come from identifying breaks in cumulative probability diagrams, the Tukey inner fence and the 98th percentile. Threshold values for over 59 elements, including emerging 'high-tech' critical elements such as lanthanides, Be, Ga or Ge, for which no EILs exist at present, are presented.
Citation: Clemens Reimann, Patrice de Caritat, Establishing geochemical background variation and threshold values for 59 elements in Australian surface soil, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 578, 2017, Pages 633-648, ISSN 0048-9697,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.010

Tags: Aqua Regia, Continental Scale, EARTH SCIENCES, Geochemical Background, National Geochemical Survey of Australia, Outliers, Published_External, Threshold
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Applications of Lead Isotopes to Ore Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration

Although lead isotopes are most commonly used to date geological events, including mineralizing events, they also can provide information on many aspects of metallogeny and can be directly used in mineral exploration. Lead isotope data are generally reported as ratios of radiogenic isotopes normalized to the non-radiogenic isotope 204Pb (e.g. 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb). These ratios can be used in exploration to characterize the style of mineralization, metal (i.e. Pb) source and as vectors to ore. When combined with lead isotope evolution models, the data can be used to indicate the age and tectonic environment of mineralization. The raw ratios and evolution models enable calculation of derived parameters such as μ (238U/204Pb), κ (232Th/238U) and ω (232Th/204Pb), which provide more information about tectonic setting and can be contoured to identify crustal boundaries and metallogenic provinces. In some cases, tectonic boundaries, mapped using gradients in μ and other derived parameters, are fundamental controls on the distribution of certain deposit types in space and time. Moreover, crustal character, as determined by lead and other radiogenic isotopes (e.g. Nd) can be an indicator of province fertility for many deposit types. The development of cost effective analytical techniques and the assembly of large geo-located datasets for lead and other isotope data has enabled significant advances in understanding the genesis and localization of many deposit type, particularly when the isotopic data are integrated with other independent datasets such as potential filed, magnetotelluric, passive seismic and geochemical data.
Citation: Huston, D.L., Champion, D.C. (2023). Applications of Lead Isotopes to Ore Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration. In: Huston, D., Gutzmer, J. (eds) Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration. Mineral Resource Reviews. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_6

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Geochronology, Isotope Geochemistry, Lead Isotopes, Metallogenesis, Ore Geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Possibilities of selecting a site of a borehole for the disposal of effluent water from the Commonwealth flax mill, Ballarat, Victoria

The Commonwealth Flax Production Committee conducts a flax mill at Ballarat. The flax is first treated with water and 25,000 gallons per day are used in the process. After the treatment, the water is allowed to run to waste, and is at present being conducted through an earthen drain to natural drainage channels. This disposal of effluent water is not approved by the Ballarat Council, and other means of disposal have to be found. The objective of the present investigation was to determine if another borehole could be suitably sited to dispose of the effluent. The geology of the area, possibilities of disposal, and recommendations are discussed in this report. Two accompanying plates are included.

Tags: AU-VIC, GA Publication, Geology, Published_External, Record, geology, infrastructure, water
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Chemical elements in the environment: multi-element geochemical datasets from continental to national scale surveys on four continents

During the last 10-20 years, Geological Surveys around the world have undertaken a major effort towards delivering fully harmonized and tightly quality controlled low-density multi-element soil geochemical maps and datasets of vast regions including up to whole continents. Concentrations of between 45 and 60 elements commonly have been determined in a variety of different regolith types (e.g., sediment, soil). The multi-element datasets are published as complete geochemical atlases and made available to the general public. Several other geochemical datasets covering smaller areas but generally at a higher spatial density are also available. These datasets may, however, not be found by superficial internet-based searches because the elements are not mentioned individually either in the title or in the keyword lists of the original references. This publication attempts to increase the visibility and discoverability of these fundamental background datasets covering large areas up to whole continents.
Citation: P. de Caritat, C. Reimann, D.B. Smith, X. Wang, Chemical elements in the environment: Multi-element geochemical datasets from continental- to national-scale surveys on four continents, Applied Geochemistry, Volume 89, 2018, Pages 150-159,
ISSN 0883-2927,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.11.010

Tags: Cation Exchange Capacity - CEC, Chemical Elements, Clay content, EARTH SCIENCES, Electrival Conductivity - EC, Geochemical Survey, Geochemistry, Loss on Ignition - LOI, Magnetic Susceptibility, Mineralogy, Multi-Element, Published_External, Regolith, Sand content, Sediment, Silt content, Soil, Total Carbon - TC, Total Inorganic Carbon - TIC, Total Organic Carbon - TOC, pH
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australian Fisheries Enforcement Zones - Back (Indonesian)

This map is produced fro the Australian Fisheries Management Authority to assist in their enforcement of Australia's  Maritime Bounadries. It has an explanation of the maritime boundaries and their coordinates in the Arafura Sea and Torres Strait.
This version is an Indonesian translation.
It is not for sale or public release by Geoscience Australia. Public release is thru DEH and AFMA.
Updated in 2019 to reflect the 2018 Australia/Timor-Leste Maritime Boundaries Treaty.

Tags: Administrative Boundary, Earth Sciences, Published_External, Thematic Map, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Future migration: key environmental indicators of Pu accumulation in terrestrial sediments of Queensland, Australia

Plutonium (Pu) interactions in the environment are highly complex. Site-specific variables play an integral role in determining the chemical and physical form of Pu, and its migration, bioavailability, and immobility. This paper aims to identify the key variables that can be used to highlight regions of radioecological sensitivity and guide remediation strategies in Australia. Plutonium is present in the Australian environment as a result of global fallout and the British nuclear testing program of 1952 – 1958 in central and west Australia (Maralinga and Monte Bello islands). We report the first systematic measurements of 239+240Pu and 238Pu activity concentrations in distal (≥1,000 km from test sites) catchment outlet sediments from Queensland, Australia. The average 239+240Pu activity concentration was 0.29 mBq.g -1 (n = 73 samples) with a maximum of 4.88 mBq.g -1. 238Pu/239+240Pu isotope ratios identified a large range (0.02 – 0.29 (RSD: 74%)) which is congruent with the heterogeneous nuclear material used for the British nuclear testing programme at Maralinga and Montebello Islands. The use of a modified PCA relying on non-linear distance correlation (dCorr) provided broader insight into the impact of environmental variables on the transport and migration of Pu in this soil system. Primary key environmental indicators of Pu presence were determined to be actinide/lanthanide/heavier transition metals, elevation, electrical conductivity (EC), CaO, SiO2, SO3, landform, geomorphology, land use, and climate explaining 81.7% of the variance of the system. Overall this highlighted that trace level Pu accumulations are associated with the coarse, refractive components of Australian soils, and are more likely regulated by the climate of the region and overall soil type.
Citation: Megan Cook, Patrice de Caritat, Ross Kleinschmidt, Joёl Brugger, Vanessa NL. Wong, Future migration: Key environmental indicators of Pu accumulation in terrestrial sediments of Queensland, Australia, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volumes 223–224, 2020, 106398,ISSN 0265-931X,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106398

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Environmental Impact Assessment, Isotope Geochemistry, Published_External, SOIL SCIENCES, Soil Chemistry (excl. Carbon Sequestration Science), distance corelation, plutonium, principal component analysis, sediment
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
AUSGeoid2020 combined gravimetric-geometric model: location-specific uncertainties and baseline-length-dependent error decorrelation

AUSGeoid2020 is a combined gravimetric–geometric model (sometimes called a “hybrid quasigeoid model”) that provides the separation between the Geocentric Datum of Australia 2020 (GDA2020) ellipsoid and Australia’s national vertical datum, the Australian Height Datum (AHD). This model is also provided with a location-specific uncertainty propagated from a combination of the levelling, GPS ellipsoidal height and gravimetric quasigeoid data errors via least squares prediction. We present a method for computing the relative uncertainty (i.e. uncertainty of the height between any two points) between AUSGeoid2020-derived AHD heights based on the principle of correlated errors cancelling when used over baselines. Results demonstrate AUSGeoid2020 is more accurate than traditional third-order levelling in Australia at distances beyond 3 km, which is 12 mm of allowable misclosure per square root km of levelling. As part of the above work, we identified an error in the gravimetric quasigeoid in Port Phillip Bay (near Melbourne in SE Australia) coming from altimeter-derived gravity anomalies. This error was patched using alternative altimetry data.
Citation: Brown, N.J., McCubbine, J.C., Featherstone, W.E. et al. AUSGeoid2020 combined gravimetric–geometric model: location-specific uncertainties and baseline-length-dependent error decorrelation. J Geod 92, 1457–1465 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1202-7

Tags: Australian Height Datum, EARTH SCIENCES, GPS/levelling, geoid, quasigeoid
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geophysics - Seismological data

These data are the time series seismograph, hydroacoustic and infrasound data recorded from Australian National Seismograph Network (ANSN) observatories in Australia, islands in the Pacific, Southern and Indian Ocean's and the Australian Antarctic Territory. ANSN observatories include facilities operated by Geoscience Australia in collaboration with other international agencies. These data are acquired for the purpose of the detection and location of earthquakes and tsunamigenic events within the Australian continent and its surrounds. The dataset is also used to meet a subset of Australia's obligations to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation (CTBTO) to fulfil Australia's commitment to nuclear explosion monitoring. The seismic waveform data records seismic events to allow for the detection, location estimation (position and depth) and magnitude of earthquakes of magnitude of 3.0 or greater anywhere in Australia. Seismic (Digital). Seismograms (Physical plots (paper &amp; film) and Digital Scans).

Tags: AU, DC2020, HVC_144675, Published_Internal, Seismic Data, Seismology and Seismic Exploration, geophysics, seismology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data