AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
The opal industry in Australia

The opal industry in Australia has experienced a marked revival during the past few years, and the value of production during 1946 was the highest recorded for 40 years. To some extent this is due to the purchases made by American troops when they were stationed in this country during the war, and the publicity given to the gems when the troops returned to their homes. Apart from the direct effect of this publicity on the demand for tl1e gem, the discovery of good stone in a hitherto unprospected portion of the principal field led to considerable improvement in production. It is frequently pointed out that Australia is the principal opal-producing country in the world, and that this pre-eminence should enable us to exercise what amounts to international control of the industry. Whilst there are cogent arguments against any attempt to establish world control, a good case may be made for a greater degree of economic stability in the industry within Australia. The possibility of devising a method which would be in the best interest of all sections of the industry was investigated by the Bureau of Mineral Resources, and the results of the inquiry form the subject of this Bulletin. It is appropriate to emphasize several points which must be kept in mind if the opal industry is to be considered in its proper perspective. As far as can be ascertained there is no commercial use for opal other than as a gemstone, and it must, therefore, be regarded as a non-essential luxury item. Although opal may have a considerable value as an export commodity, the industry is subject to vagaries of fashion and other unpredictable factors which make stabilization extremely difficult. Besides this disability is the relative insignificance of opal production compared with that of other minerals on the basis of recorded value it constitutes less than 005 per cent of the total 8 mineral production in Australia. It should be clearly understood, therefore that a small non-essential industry is under review, and any departure from this perspective will lead to misunderstanding of the views expressed in this Bulletin. For these and other reasons it will be understood that values of production quoted in this Bulletin must be regarded as comparative rather than absolute, and it may be safely assumed that they are all under-estimated. The remainder of this Bulletin is divided into two major parts-the first dealing with the raw material, and the second dealing with the marketing aspects and a discussion of the various methods which have been suggested for stabilization of the industry. Emphasis throughout is on the present rather than the past, although some historical data are included as essential to a proper appreciation of the present circumstances in the industry.

Tags: AU, Bulletin, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
AUSGeoid98 v.1.0 data files:  (sc56-01)

AUSGeoid98 data files contain a 2 minute grid of AUSGeoid98 data covering the Australian region, which you can use to interpolate geoid-ellipsoid separations for the positions required.You can use your own interpolation software, or you can use Geoscience Australia's Windows Interpolation software (Winter). The data files are text files in a standard format that cover the same area as standard topographic map areas. Files covering both 1:250,000 (approximately 100 x 150 km) and 1:1,000,000 (approximately 400 x 600 km) map areas are available. There is a 4 minute overlap on all sides of each area. Data format: AUSGeoid98 data files have a header record at the start of each file, to distinguish them from the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files. AUSGeoid98 data files show the geoid-ellipsoid separation to 3 decimal places, while the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files showed only 2 decimal places. AUSGeoid98 deflections of the vertical were computed from the geoid-ellipsoid separation surface, while the AUSGeoid93 deflections of the vertical were computed from OSU91A.

Tags: AU, AUSGeoid98, Geodesy, Geodetic Data, Published_External, dataset, geodesy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Manilla 1:250 000 GIS Dataset

This data is part of the series of maps that covers the whole of Australia at a scale of 1:250 000 (1cm on a map represents 2.5km on the ground) and comprises 513 maps. This is the largest scale at which published topographic maps cover the entire continent. 
Data is downloadable in various distribution formats.

Tags: 250K scale, AU-NSW, Earth Sciences, GIS Dataset, Published_External, dataset, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Ural 1:250 000 topographic map

This map is part of the series that covers the whole of Australia at a scale of 1:250 000 (1cm on a map represents 2.5 km on the ground) and comprises 513 maps. This is the largest scale at which published topographic maps cover the entire continent. Each standard map covers an area of 1.5 degrees longitude by 1 degree latitude or about 150 kilometres from east to west and 110 kilometres from north to south. There are about 50 special maps in the series and these maps cover a non-standard area. Typically, where a map produced on standard sheet lines is largely ocean it is combined with its landward neighbour. These maps contain natural and constructed features including road and rail infrastructure, vegetation, hydrography, contours (interval 50m), localities and some administrative boundaries. The topographic map and data index shows coverage of the sheets. Product Specifications Coverage: The series covers the whole of Australia with 513 maps. Currency: Ranges from 1995 to 2009. 95% of maps have a reliability date of 1994 or later. Coordinates: Geographical and either AMG or MGA (post-1993) Datum: AGD66, GDA94, AHD. Projection: Universal Traverse Mercator (UTM) Medium: Paper, flat and folded copies.

Tags: 250K scale, AU-WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Pine Creek - Rum Jungle TEMPEST AEM Survey, NT, 2009 Final Data (P1196 - part 2 of 2)

During 2008 and 2009, and under the Australian Government's Onshore Energy Security Initiative, Geoscience Australia acquired airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data over the Pine Creek Orogen of the Northern Territory. The survey area was split into three areas for acquisition. VTEM data was acquired in the Kombolgie area east of Kakadu National Park between August and November 2008. TEMPEST data was acquired west of Kakadu National Park with the area split in two to facilitate the use of two aircraft: the Woolner Granite area in the north  was acquired between October and December 2008; and the Rum Jungle area (this data set) adjoining to the south, which was acquired between October 2008 and May 2009. The main purpose of the surveys was to provide additional geophysical/geological context for unconformity style uranium mineral systems and thereby promote related exploration. The survey data will also provide information on depth to Proterozoic/Archean basement, which is of general interest to explorers, and will be used as an input into ground water studues in the region.

Tags: AEM, AU-NT, Airborne Digital Data, Airborne Electromagnetics, Geophysics, Point Located /Grid, Published_External, geophysics
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Selected Australian mineral discoveries since 1970

Over the last two decades the mining industry'scontribution to the Australian economy has grownsubstantially. According to the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, in 1970-71mining contributed 3.0% of GDP compared to 5.8%for rural industries. By 1988-89 mining's share hadrisen to 4.1% while the rural contribution was downto 4.2%. In terms of export earnings minerals contributed approximately 28% ($1430 million) of total earnings in 1970-71 but by 1989-90 this hadgrown to almost 41% ($23917 million). Mining achieved this strong growth while maintaining astable share of the Australian workforce of under 1.4%.

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, mineral deposits
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Davis area

The Antarctic field notebooks contain the geological observations recorded by Bureau of Mineral Resources geologists during their trips to Antarctica between 1948 – 1980s. Files include a scanned copy of the original handwritten field notebook, transcription of the notebook’s contents transcribed by volunteers and validated by an experienced geologist, and a csv file of the transcription with Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) tags. The original Antarctic field notebooks are held at the N.H. (Doc) Fisher Geoscience Library at Geoscience Australia, Canberra.

Tags: Antarctica, Earth Sciences, Geology, Notebook, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Lee Steere 1:100 000 unpublished topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres.

Tags: 100K unpublished, AU-WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
GSNSW Exploration NSW Area O NW Eromanga dose rate grid geodetic

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose. The terrestrial dose rate grid is derived as a linear combination of the filtered K, U and Th grids. A low pass filter is applied to this grid to generate the filtered terrestrial dose rate grid.
This GSNSW Exploration NSW Area O NW Eromanga dose rate grid geodetic has a cell size of 0.00077 degrees (approximately 80m) and shows the terrestrial dose rate of the NSW DMR, Discovery 2000, AREA O, NW EROMANGA, NSW 2000. The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 2000 by the NSW Government, and consisted of 54898 line-kilometres of data at a line spacing between 200m and 400m, and 60m terrain clearance.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, K, NASVD, NCI, NSW, Published_External, Th, U, airborne digital data, dose, dose rate, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, potassium, rad, radiometrics, raster, rate, spectrometry, survey 752, thorium, uranium
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Chapman 1:100 000 topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres. Many maps are supplemented by hill shading. These maps contain natural and constructed features including road and rail infrastructure, vegetation, hydrography, contours, localities and some administrative boundaries. Product Specifications Coverage: Australia is covered by more than 3000 x 1:100 000 scale maps, of which 1600 have been published as printed maps. Unpublished maps are available as compilations. Currency: Ranges from 1961 to 2009. Average 1997. Coordinates: Geographical and either AMG or MGA coordinates. Datum: AGD66, GDA94; AHD Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Printed maps: Paper, flat and folded copies. Compilations: Paper or film, flat copies only.

Tags: 100K scale, AU-NT, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Miriam Vale 1:100 000 topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres. Many maps are supplemented by hill shading. These maps contain natural and constructed features including road and rail infrastructure, vegetation, hydrography, contours, localities and some administrative boundaries. Product Specifications Coverage: Australia is covered by more than 3000 x 1:100 000 scale maps, of which 1600 have been published as printed maps. Unpublished maps are available as compilations. Currency: Ranges from 1961 to 2009. Average 1997. Coordinates: Geographical and either AMG or MGA coordinates. Datum: AGD66, GDA94; AHD Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Printed maps: Paper, flat and folded copies. Compilations: Paper or film, flat copies only.

Tags: 100K scale, AU-QLD, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Murchison 1 (Murgoo), WA, 2011 (P1239), magnetic line data, AWAGS levelled

Total magnetic intensity (TMI) data measures variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the contrasting content of rock-forming minerals in the Earth crust. Magnetic anomalies can be either positive (field stronger than normal) or negative (field weaker) depending on the susceptibility of the rock. The data are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 These line dataset from the Murchison 1 (Murgoo), WA, 2011 survey were acquired in 2011 by the WA Government, and consisted of 131101 line-kilometres of data at 200m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data. This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS.

Tags: AWAGS, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, Published_External, WA, airborne digital data, geophysical survey, geophysics, line, magnetic, magnetics, magnetism and palaeomagnetism, survey 1239, vector
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Numalgun 1:50 000 topographic map

Product Specifications Coverage: Partial coverage, predominantly in northern Australia, along major transport routes, and other selected areas. About 1000 maps have been published to date. Currency: Ranges from 1968 to 2006. Coordinates: Geographical and UTM. Datum: AGD66, new edition WGS84; AHD. Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Paper, flat copies only.

Tags: 50K scale, AU-WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Glengarry Peak Hill Robinson Range Area D, 1994 (P631), magnetic line data, AWAGS levelled

Total magnetic intensity (TMI) data measures variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the contrasting content of rock-forming minerals in the Earth crust. Magnetic anomalies can be either positive (field stronger than normal) or negative (field weaker) depending on the susceptibility of the rock. The data are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 These line dataset from the Glengarry, Peak Hill, Robinson River(pt), GSWA,1994 survey were acquired in 1994 by the WA Government, and consisted of 118765 line-kilometres of data at 400m line spacing and 60m terrain clearance. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data. This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS.

Tags: AWAGS, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, Published_External, WA, airborne digital data, geophysical survey, geophysics, line, magnetic, magnetics, magnetism and palaeomagnetism, survey 631, vector
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Liebig 1:100 000 unpublished topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres.

Tags: 100K unpublished, AU-NT, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Ballimore 1:100 000 unpublished topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres.

Tags: 100K unpublished, AU-WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Dubbo regional infill - part 2, Gravity (P199401), gravity point data

Gravity data measures small changes in gravity due to changes in the density of rocks beneath the Earth's surface. The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 This Dubbo regional infill - part 2, Gravity (P199401) contains a total of 281 point data values acquired at a spacing between 1500 and 5000 metres. The data is located in NSW and were acquired in 1994, under project No. 199401 for Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO); Geological Survey of New South Wales (GSNSW).

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, NSW, Published_External, geophysical survey, geophysics, gravity, ground digital data, point, point located data, survey 199401
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Moree 1:100 000 topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres. Many maps are supplemented by hill shading. These maps contain natural and constructed features including road and rail infrastructure, vegetation, hydrography, contours, localities and some administrative boundaries. Product Specifications Coverage: Australia is covered by more than 3000 x 1:100 000 scale maps, of which 1600 have been published as printed maps. Unpublished maps are available as compilations. Currency: Ranges from 1961 to 2009. Average 1997. Coordinates: Geographical and either AMG or MGA coordinates. Datum: AGD66, GDA94; AHD Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Printed maps: Paper, flat and folded copies. Compilations: Paper or film, flat copies only.

Tags: 100K scale, AU-QLD, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
A stream-sediment geochemical orientation survey of the Davenport Province, Northern Territory

A geochemical orientation study in the Davenport Province, Northern Territory, indicates that stream-sediment sampling is an effective geochemical technique for mineral assessment, despite overall poor drainage development.  Bismuth, Mo , Sn and W from vein-type deposits appear to be dispersed by mechanical weathering, giving rise to well-defined anomalies in both sieved samples and heavy mineral concentrates.  Dispersion trains exceed 10 km downstream from mineralisation, and for regional surveys the analysis of a coarse sieved fraction at a sample spacing of 1 to 2 km is recommended.  Dispersion of U and Cu appears to be chemically controlled, and anomalies near known mineralisation in both sieved and heavy mineral samples are either less well defined or absent. Dispersion trains rarely extend more than 1 km from mineralisation , and sample spacing of 0.5 to 1 km, or less, would be necessary.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, NT, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
A Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment of the Southwest Pacific Nations

The Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004 and subsequent smaller events (off Nias in 2005, Java in 2006 and the Solomon Islands in 2007) have increased awareness among emergency management authorities throughout the Pacific of the need for more information regarding the hazard faced by Pacific nations from tsunami. Over the last few years the Australian Government has undertaken an effort to support regional and national efforts in the southwest Pacific to build capacity to respond to seismic and tsunami information. As part of this effort, Geoscience Australia has received support from AusAid to partner with the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) to assist Pacific countries in assessing the tsunami hazard faced by nations in the southwest Pacific.
The tsunami threat faced by Pacific island countries consists of a complex mix of tsunami from local, regional and distant sources, whose effects at any particular location in the southwest Pacific are highly dependent on variations in seafloor shape between the source and the affected area. These factors make the design of an effective warning system for the southwest Pacific problematic, because so many scenarios are possible and each scenario's impact on different islands is so varied. In order to provide national governments in the southwest Pacific with the information they need to make informed decisions about tsunami mitigation measures, including development of a warning system, a comprehensive hazard and risk assessment is called for. 
The aim of the report is to provide a probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTHA) to SOPAC and AusAID to quantify the expected hazard for the SW Pacific nations. It follows a preliminary report of the tsunami hazard (Thomas et al, 2007) that was restricted to maximum credible tsunami events.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Professional Opinion, Published_External, earthquakes, geohazards, tsunamis
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
AUSGeoid98 v.1.0 data files:  (sl52-01)

AUSGeoid98 data files contain a 2 minute grid of AUSGeoid98 data covering the Australian region, which you can use to interpolate geoid-ellipsoid separations for the positions required.You can use your own interpolation software, or you can use Geoscience Australia's Windows Interpolation software (Winter). The data files are text files in a standard format that cover the same area as standard topographic map areas. Files covering both 1:250,000 (approximately 100 x 150 km) and 1:1,000,000 (approximately 400 x 600 km) map areas are available. There is a 4 minute overlap on all sides of each area. Data format: AUSGeoid98 data files have a header record at the start of each file, to distinguish them from the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files. AUSGeoid98 data files show the geoid-ellipsoid separation to 3 decimal places, while the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files showed only 2 decimal places. AUSGeoid98 deflections of the vertical were computed from the geoid-ellipsoid separation surface, while the AUSGeoid93 deflections of the vertical were computed from OSU91A.

Tags: AU, AUSGeoid98, Geodesy, Geodetic Data, Published_External, dataset, geodesy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data