AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Carbon Geochemistry of Cold Seeps: Methane Fluxes and Transformation in Sediments from Kazan Mud Volcano, Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Despite growing concerns about potential enhancement of global warming and slope failure by methane produced by gas hydrate dissociation, much uncertainty surrounds estimates of gas hydrate reservoir sizes, as well as methane fluxes and oxidation rates at the sea floor. For cold seep sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, depth-dependent methane concentrations and rates of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) are constrained by modeling the measured pore-water sulfate profile. The calculated dissolved methane distribution and flux are sensitive to the advective flow velocity, which is estimated from the depth distributions of conservative pore-water constituents (Na, B). Near-complete anaerobic oxidation of the upward methane flux  is supported by the depth distributions of indicative biomarkers, and the carbon isotopic compositions of organic matter and dissolved inorganic carbon. Pore-water and solid-phase data are consistent with a narrow depth interval of AOM, 14-18 cm below the sediment-water interface. Based on an isotopic mass balance, the biomass of the microbial population carrying out oxidation of methane coupled to sulfate reduction at the given methane flux represents about 20% of the total organic carbon, which is a significant pool of in situ formed organic matter. Model results indicate that the asymptotic methane concentration is reached a few meters below the sediment surface. The predicted asymptotic concentration is close to the in situ saturation value with respect to gas hydrate, suggesting that the rate of shallow gas hydrate formation is controlled by the ascending methane flux. The proposed model approach can be used to predict the formation of gas hydrate, and to quantify methane fluxes plus transformation rates in surface sediments where fluid advection is an important transport mechanism.

Tags: Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine, model
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Polychaetes of Northern Australia (species identifications)

This dataset contains identifications of polychaetes collected during surveys on the RV Solander in northern Australia:  SOL4934 (27 August-24 September, 2009) , SOL5117 (30 July-27 August, 2010), SOL5463 (3-31 May 2012), and SOL5650 (12 September-6 October 2012). Sediment was collected with a Smith McIntyre grab or boxcore and elutriated over a 500um sieve. Elutriated material was then sorted back at Geoscience Australia, and all polychaetes were removed and sent to the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory (MAGNT). Chris Glasby and Charlotte Watson taxonomically identified each animal to the lowest possible level, differentiating species using established names and operational taxonomic units (OTUs).  Specimens are lodged at the MAGNT. See relevant post-survey reports (GA Records 2010/09, 2011/08,  2012/66  and 2013/38) for further details on survey methods and specimen acquisition. This dataset is published with the permission of the CEO, Geoscience Australia.

This research is supported by the National Environmental Science Program (NESP) Marine Biodiversity Hub through Project D1.

Tags: Earth Sciences, Infauna, Marine Biodiversity Hub, National Environmental Science Program, Published_External, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Assessment of Tropical Cyclone Risk in the Pacific Region: Analysis of Changes to Key Tropical Cyclone Parameters

The Assessment of Tropical Cyclone Risks in the Pacific Region project represents a collaboration between DIICCSRTE and Geoscience Australia with PCRAFI and AIR Worldwide. Building on the expertise of each organisation, the project will deliver an assessment of the financial risks to buildings, infrastructure and agriculture arising from tropical cyclones (TCs) under current and future climate regimes. This extends previous risk assessments undertaken by incorporating the influence of climate change on the hazard (TCs) into the assessment process. The output of this study is a set of peril matrices, which detail the relative change in parameters describing TC behaviour: e.g. annual mean frequency, mean maximum intensity and mean latitude of genesis. The relative changes are evaluated as the fractional change between TC behavior in current climate GCM simulations and future climate GCM simulations.

Tags: GA Publication, Hazard Response, Natural Hazards, Pacific Nations, Published_External, Record, Tropical Cylone
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Complete Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Grid of Onshore Australia 2016

This gravity anomaly grid is derived from observations stored in the Australian National Gravity Database (ANGD) as at February 2016 as well as data from the 2013 New South Wales Riverina gravity survey. Out of the approximately 1.8 million gravity observations 1,371,998 gravity stations in the ANGD together with 19,558 stations from the Riverina survey were used to generate this grid. The grid shows complete Bouguer anomalies over onshore continental Australia. The data used in this grid has been acquired by the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments, the mining and exploration industry, universities and research organisations from the 1940's to the present day. 
Terrain corrections to gravity were calculated using both offshore bathymetry and onshore topography data. These terrain corrections were applied to the spherical cap Bouguer anomalies used in the Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Grid of Onshore Australia 2016 to produce the complete Bouguer anomaly values shown in this grid.

Tags: Australia, Bouguer, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, National dataset, Published_External, complete Bouguer, geophysics, gravity, gravity digital data, grid, national geophysical compilation, terrain correction
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australia's Release of Offshore Areas for Greenhouse Gas Geological Storage

This is an article written as a contribution to the IEA GHG R&amp;D Programme's quarterly newsletter (for publication in the June 2009 edition), at the invitation on the IEA GHG R&amp;D Programme. It describes the release of Australia's offshore acreage for greenhouse gas storage.

Tags: AU, Article, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction in the Coral Sea (South)

Map showing Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction in the southern part of the Coral Sea.
One of the 27 constituent maps of the "Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction Map Series" (GeoCat 71789).
Depicting Australia's extended continental shelf, approved by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in April 2008, treaties and various maritime zones.  Background bathymetric image is derived from a combination of the 2009 9 arc second bathymetric and topographic grid by GA and a grid by Smith and Sandwell, 1997. Background land imagery derived from Blue Marble, NASA's Earth Observatory.
A0 sized .pdf downloadable from the web.

Tags: Administrative Boundary, Earth Sciences, Published_External, Thematic Map, administrative boundaries, bathymetry, continental shelf, marine, marine jurisdiction
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
A palynological report on A.O.G. Wentworth No. 1, New South Wales, with observations on the Permian of the Oaklands-Coorabin area of the Murray Basin

Palynological examination of cores and cuttings from the subsidised A.O.G. Wentworth No.1 well, Murray Basin, New South Wales, indicates that the well passed from Tertiary into Lower Cretaceous marine sediments at either 1283-1335 feet or 140-1455 feet and into probable Lower Permian beds at 1615-1645 feet. The well was completed in conglomerates, probably also of Lower Permian age, at a total depth of 2081 feet. Examination of samples from the Oaklands-Coorabin coalfield, to obtain a guide to the age of the pre-Mesozoic section of Wentworth No.1, demonstrated that the coal measures are equivalent in age to the Upper Coal Measures of the Sydney Basin, that they overlie Lower Permian (?)marine beds which, by virtue of their common content of Leiosphaeridae, compare in age with the Wentworth Permian section.

Tags: AU-NSW, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Reforming Planning Processes Trial: Rockhampton 2050: Technical Report on Current and Future Climate Hazards

Potential impacts of climate change present significant challenges for land use planning, emergency management and risk mitigation across Australia. Even in current climate conditions, the Rockhampton Regional Council area is subject to the impacts of natural hazards, such as bushfires, floods, and tropical cyclones (extreme winds and storm surge). All of these hazards may worsen with climate change.

To consider future climate hazard within council practices, the Rockhampton Regional Council received funding from the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Grants Program Project for a project under the Settlements and Infrastructure theme. This funding was provided to evaluate the ability of urban planning principles and practices to accommodate climate change and the uncertainty of climate change impacts. Within this project, the Rockhampton Regional Council engaged Geoscience Australia to undertake the modelling of natural hazards under current and future climate conditions.

Geoscience Australia's work, within the broader project, has utilised natural hazard modelling techniques to develop a series of spatial datasets describing hazards under current climate conditions and a future climate scenario. The following natural hazards were considered: tropical cyclone wind, bushfire, storm tide, coastal erosion and sea-level rise. Outputs of this project include a report, hazard maps and digital spatial data.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, climate, geohazards, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Acreage Release - Marine Environmental Data WMS

This is the Acreage Release Marine Environmental Data compiled web service to be updated each year with acreage release. It contains the following publicly available datasets, for the 2016 Acreage Release - Marine Survey Towed-video Transects, Marine Sediments Database Samples, Australian Seascapes, Seabed Mud Content on the Northwest Shelf, Seabed Sand Content of the Northwest Shelf and Seabed Gravel Content of the Northwest Shelf.

Tags: Earth Sciences, Published_External, WMS, acreage release, environmental, gas, marine, offshore, petroleum, seabed, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
5028 Block 4 (Northeast) Grid of Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) with Reduction to Pole (RTP) applied.

Total magnetic intensity (TMI) data measures variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the contrasting content of rock-forming minerals in the Earth crust. Magnetic anomalies can be either positive (field stronger than normal) or negative (field weaker) depending on the susceptibility of the rock. The data are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
This 5028 Block 4 (Northeast) Grid of Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) with Reduction to Pole (RTP) applied. is a first vertical derivative of the Total Magnetic Intensity grid for the Narryer.
This grid has a cell size of  degrees (approximately 20m). The grid has units of nanoTesla per km (or nT/km). The data used to produce the TMI grid was acquired in 2024 by the WA Government, and consisted of 415090 line-kilometres of data at 100m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) process was applied to the original grid to calculate the first vertical derivative grid.

Tags: 1vd, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, WA, airborne digital data, first vertical derivative, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, mag, magnetics, magnetism, palaeomagnetism, raster, survey 5028
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Conceptual Models of Australia's Estuaries and Coastal Waterways : Applications for Coastal Resource Management

This document represents part of Geoscience Australia's contribution to the National Estuaries Assessment and Management (NE) project, Theme 5 (Assessment and Monitoring), Task 5A 'Conceptual Models of Australian Estuaries and Coastal Waterways'. The report contains comprehensive conceptual models of the biophysical processes that operate in a wide range of estuaries and coastal waterways found around Australia.

Geomorphic conceptual models have been developed for each of the seven types of Australian estuaries and coastal waterways. Each conceptual model comprises a three-dimensional block diagram depicting detailed summaries of the structure, evolutionary characteristics, and geomorphology of each coastal waterway type, which are ?overlain? by flow diagrams that depict some of the important biotic and abiotic processes, namely: hydrology, sediment dynamics, and nutrient dynamics. Geomorphology was used as the common 'base layer' in the conceptual models, because sediment is the fundamental, underlying substrate upon which all other estuarine processes depend and operate.

In the conceptual models, wave-dominated systems are depicted as having a relatively narrow entrance that restricts marine flushing, and low water-column turbidity except during extreme events. Tide-dominated systems feature relatively wide entrances, which likely promote efficient marine flushing, very large relative areas of intertidal habitats, and naturally high turbidity due to strong turbulence induced by tidal currents. Strong evidence exists suggesting that estuaries (both wave- and tide-dominated) are the most efficient 'traps' for terrigenous and marine sediments, and these are depicted as providing the most significant potential for trapping and processing of terrigenous nutrient loads. Intertidal areas, such as mangroves and saltmarshes, and also the central basins of wave-dominated estuaries and coastal lagoons, are likely to accumulate the majority of trapped sediments and nutrients.

Conceptual model diagrams, with overlays representing environmental processes, can be used as part of a decision support system for environmental managers, and as a tool for comparative assessment in which a more integrative and shared vision of the relationship between components in an ecosystem can be applied.

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, coasts, geoscience education, marine, resource management, water resources
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Upwelling Frequency Data of the South-eastern Coast of Australia

This GIS data layer shows the frequency of coastal upwelling along the south-eastern coast of Australia. The higher data values indicate areas of persistent and semi-persistent upwelling; while, the medium data values indicate areas of seasonal upwelling. The data was generated using 14 years of monthly MODIS SST data. Please refer to this publication: "Huang, Z., &amp; Wang, X.H. (2019). Mapping the spatial and temporal variability of the upwelling systems of the Australian south-eastern coast using 14-year of MODIS data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 227, 90-109" (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.002) for details of the MODIS data and the upwelling mapping method.

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, MODIS, OCEANOGRAPHY, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Published_External, South-east Australia, Upwelling
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Comment on: Williams et al (2009) -Australia's Deep-water Reserve Network: Implications of False Homegeneity for Classifiying Abiotic Surrogates of Biodiversity in ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 214-224

Williams et al. (2009) report on new multibeam sonar bathymetry and underwater video data collected from submarine canyons and seamounts on Australia's southeast continental margin to 'investigate the degree to which geomorphic features act as surrogates for benthic megafaunal biodiversity' (p. 214). The authors describe what they view as deficiencies in the design of the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the southeast region of Australia, in which geomorphology information was employed as a surrogate to infer regional-scale patterns of benthic biodiversity. This comment is designed to support and underscore the importance of evaluating MPA designs and the validity of using abiotic surrogates such as geomorphology to infer biodiversity patterns, and seeks to clarify some of the discrepancies in geomorphic terminologies and approaches used between the original study and the Williams et al. (2009) evaluation. It is our opinion that the MPA design criteria used by the Australian Government are incorrectly reported by Williams et al. (2009). In particular, we emphasise the necessity for consistent terminology and approaches when undertaking comparative analyses of geomorphic features. We show that the MPA selection criteria used by the Australian Government addressed the issues of false homogeneity described by Williams et al. (2009), but that final placement of MPAs was based on additional stakeholder considerations. Finally, we argue that although the Williams et al. (2009) study provides valuable information on biological distributions within seamounts and canyons, the hypothesis that geomorphic features (particularly seamounts and submarine canyons) are surrogates for benthic biodiversity is not tested explicitly by their study.

Tags: AU-NSW, CERF, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
South-west Corner Marine Park survey – backscatter (GA-4858)

This resource includes seabed backscatter data for South-west Corner Marine Park collected by Geoscience Australia during the periods 9 – 12 March 2020 and 27 January – 16 February 2021 on the charter vessel Santosha. The survey was undertaken as a collaborative project with the University of Western Australia, the University of Tasmania and the Australian Centre for Field Robotics (University of Sydney) and funded through the National Environmental Science Program Marine Biodiversity Hub, with co-investment by all partners and the Director of National Parks. The purpose of the project was to build baseline information for benthic habitats on the continental shelf in the marine park that will support ongoing environmental monitoring within the South-west Marine Park Network as part of the 10-year management plan (2018-2028). Data acquisition for the project included multibeam bathymetry and backscatter for an area covering 330 km^2 offshore from Cape Naturaliste to Cape Leeuwin coast, with underwater imagery of benthic communities and demersal fish collected by University of Western Australia on separate field deployments. This backscatter dataset contains a 4 m resolution 32-bit geotiff file of the survey area produced from the processed Kongsberg EM2040C multibeam sonar system data using the CMST-GA MB Process v15.04.04.0 (.64) toolbox software co-developed by the Centre for Marine Science and Technology at Curtin University and Geoscience Australia. For further information see: Giraldo-Ospina, A. et al., 2021. South-west Corner Marine Park Post Survey Report. Report to the National Environmental Science Program, Marine Biodiversity Hub.

Tags: AusSeabed, Backscatter, Backscatter grids, EARTH SCIENCES, Marine, Multibeam, Published_Internal
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Potential-field Data Covering the Capel and Faust Basins, Australia's Remote Offshore Eastern Frontier

Record documenting sources of gravity and magnetic data covering the Capel and Faust basins (Lord Howe Rise) and the processes applied to level the data.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, continental margins, data, gravity, magnetics, marine, marine survey
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Potential field and bathymetry grids of Australia's margins

The Australian Geological Survey Organistaion, in co-operation with Desmond Fitzgerald and Associates and the Australian Hydrographic Service, has produced a set of digital bathymetry, gravity and magnetic grids for Australia's margin, with resolutions of 250-1000m. They represent a major upgrade of marine ship-track potential field and bathymetry data in Australian waters for the purpose of developing fundamental products for geological interpretation. In integrating data from many sources, levelling techniques have been developed to correct crossover and other errors, and the ship-track data have been merged with satellite and high-resolution onshore sources.

Tags: AU-EEZ, Abstract, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, bathymetry, gravity, magnetics, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geography - Placenames (Gazetteer)

The Gazetteer of Australia is the authoritative data source providing information on the location and spelling of approved place names on the Australian mainland extending to the 3 mile marine limit, together with its external territories, except the Australian Antarctic Territory. Contains all the authorised place names covering Australia's land and offshore areas. The 2010 release consists of over 300,000 place names. The Gazetteer is compiled by the Geospatial and Earth Monitoring Division of Geoscience Australia, on behalf of the Committee for Geographical Names in Australasia (a committee of the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM)). Data is sourced from the relevant State and Territory jurisdictions (ACT, NSW, NT, QLD, SA, TAS, VIC, WA) along with various Australian Government agencies (Australian Antarctic Division, Australia Hydrographic Service, and Geoscience Australia).

Tags: AU, DC2020, Database, Earth Sciences, Published_External, land, mapping
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Visit to Japan, 1961

The writer visited Japan to attend the International Conference on Cosmic Rays and the Earth Storm at Kyoto in September 1961. Data from satellites, cosmic rays, geomagnetic and ionospheric recordings, whistlers, and airglow combine to give a broad picture of the solar-terrestrial relations involved in magnetic disturbances, but there are many features that still require explanation.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
5028 Block 1 (Southwest) Grid of Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) with standard reductions applied

Total magnetic intensity (TMI) data measures variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the contrasting content of rock-forming minerals in the Earth crust. Magnetic anomalies can be either positive (field stronger than normal) or negative (field weaker) depending on the susceptibility of the rock. The data are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
This 5028 Block 1 (Southwest) Grid of Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) with standard reductions applied has a cell size of  degrees (approximately 20m). The units are in nanoTesla (or nT). The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 2024 by the WA Government, and consisted of 415090 line-kilometres of data at 100m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, TMI, WA, airborne digital data, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, mag, magnetics, magnetism, palaeomagnetism, raster, survey 5028, total magnetic intensity
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data