AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
AGSO Marine Survey 207 Direct Hydrocarbon Detection NW Australia: Northern Carnarvon Basin; Yampi Shelf; Southern Bonaparte Basin (September/October 1998)

The Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO) carried out a regional water column geochemical 'sniffer' program on the NW Australian Margin, from Dampier to the west of Darwin, over the period 21 September to 23 October 1998.. The overall objective of the survey was to acquire bottom water hydrocarbon data of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, offshore Canning Basin, Yampi Shelf and the Southern Bonaparte Basin, particularly in regard to detecting natural hydrocarbon seepage. A total of 4788 line km of sniffer data were acquired during the program, using the contract vessel TSMV Pacific Conquest. 160 survey lines were completed.Weak to moderate concentrations of methane and moderate to strong concentrations of ethane were detected in the waters surrounding the Wandoo B Platform, Northern Carnarvon Basin. Elsewhere in the northern Carnarvon, Skua, AC/P20, AC/P25-26, AC/P27 and AC/P23 survey areas, detected hydrocarbon seepage was close to background concentration indicating that seepage was either absent or of very low level.Moderate to strong methane and ethane concentrations were detected on parts of the Yampi Shelf. It is significant to note that there is a measure of repeatability of methane and ethane sampled between S176, recorded in 1996 and these data recorded in 1998. The levels measured, coincident with AGSO seismic lines S165, confirm hydrocarbon leakage where the regional seal thins onto the Kimberley Block basement (O'Brien et al., 1998a).

Tags: AU-NT, AU-WA, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geochemistry, marine, petroleum exploration, remote sensing
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Davies Reef Salinity From 09 Dec 2009 To 29 Jan 2016

The 'Wireless Sensor Networks Facility' (formerly known as Facility for The Automated Intelligent Monitoring of Marine Systems (FAIMMS)), part of the Great Barrier Reef Ocean Observing System project (GBROOS), is a facility of the Australian 'Integrated Marine Observing System' (IMOS) project. This data set was collected by the Great Barrier Reef Wireless Sensor Network.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
DISCUSSION: The elusive Cook volcano and other submarine forearc volcanoes in the Solomon Islands

Discussion: A recent paper (Ex on and Johnson, 1986) in this journal concluded that activity attributed in the past to the Cook submarine volcano, in the forearc region of the New Georgia Group of the Solomon Islands, was probably largely hydrothermal blowouts from a sea floor vent (or vents) 1300 m below sea level, rather than volcanic activity.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Mapping and characterising soft-sediment habitats, and evaluating physical variables as surrogates of biodiversity in Jervis Bay, NSW

A series of short field surveys in Jervis Bay, New South Wales, were undertaken by Geoscience Australia staff as part of the Surrogates Program in the Commonwealth Environmental Research Facilities (CERF) Marine Biodiversity Hub. The aim of the Jervis Bay field work was to collect accurately co-located physical and biological data to enable research into the utility of physical parameters as surrogates for patterns of benthic biodiversity in shallow soft-sediment habitats. In this report the survey design and sampling methods are described; selected field datasets are mapped and discussed; initial results of the laboratory analysis of seabed samples are presented; and there is a brief description of the upcoming analysis of covariance of the physical and biological datasets.

The major outputs of the survey work to date are:
1.  High-resolution multibeam acoustic datasets for priority areas along the open coast of Jervis Bay (Beecroft Head to Drum and Drumsticks), within the Jervis Bay National Park; and within the southern bay around Darling Road, and in the bay entrance. 
2.  High quality underwater video footage of benthic habitats in the Darling Road study area acquired with Geoscience Australia's shallow-water towed-video system. The video was used to characterise benthic habitat types, relief/bedform types, and biota occurrence. Characterisations were collected in real-time along bi-directional (six offshore and four alongshore) towed video transects, and were subsequently processed and mapped into three ArcGIS map layers.
3.  A set of broad-scale (bay-wide) widely-spaced, co-located sediment and biotic (infauna) seabed samples from the bay's soft-sediment habitats (polychaete mounds, drift algal beds, sand flats, and sand ripple and wave habitats); 
4.  Sediment samples for geochemical, biogeochemical and sedimentological analyses. 
5.  A new acoustic doppler current profiler was successfully trialed, and is now being used to collect seabed current data in the Darling Road study area. 
6.  A progress report on the survey work was presented at the annual CERF Marine Biodiversity Hub's Annual Science Workshop in October 2008.

Tags: AU-NSW, CERF, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, coasts, environmental, habitat, mapping, marine, petroleum exploration
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Northern Australian Marine Invertebrate Catalogue

Between 2009-2012, Geoscience Australia conducted three surveys to Joseph Bonaparte Gulf and the Timor Sea on the R.V. Solander, in collaboration with the Australian Institute of Science and the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory. The study areas overlapped the Oceanic Shoals Commonwealth Marine Reserve and the carbonate banks and terraces within it. The surveys were conducted as part of the Australian Government's Energy Security Program (2007-2011) and the National Environment Research Program (2011-2015). On the surveys, a benthic sled was deployed to collect biological samples from the seafloor. Samples were sorted onboard according to phylum, photographed and then sent to taxonomists for species-level identifications. This catalogue includes all onboard photographs taken from identified samples. Sponges were the only group of which all samples were identified, but they include high proportions of unnamed or undescribed species. The catalogue also includes taxonomic identification sheets so that users can cross-reference the species names and images with location and depth.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Application of a new genetic classification and semi-automated geomorphic mapping approach in the Perth submarine canyon, Australia

The acquisition of high resolution marine geophysical data has intensified in recent years (e.g. multibeam echo-sounding, sub-bottom profiling). This progress provides the opportunity to classify and map the seafloor in greater detail, using new methods that preserve the links between processes and morphology. Geoscience Australia has developed a new genetic classification approach, nested within the Harris et al (2014) global seafloor mapping framework. The approach divides parent units into sub-features based on established classification schemes and feature descriptors defined by Bradwell et al. (2016: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/), the International Hydrographic Organization (https://www.iho.int) and the Coastal Marine and Ecological Classification Standard (https://www.cmecscatalog.org). 

Owing to the ecological significance of submarine canyon systems in particular, much recent attention has focused on defining their variation in form and process, whereby they can be classified using a range of topographic metrics, fluvial dis/connection and shelf-incising status. The Perth Canyon is incised into the continental slope and shelf of southwest Australia, covering an area of &gt;1500 km2 and extending from 4700 m water depth to the shelf break in 170 m. The canyon sits within a Marine Protected Area, incorporating a Marine National Park and Habitat Protection Zone in recognition of its benthic and pelagic biodiversity values. However, detailed information of the spatial patterns of the seabed habitats that influence this biodiversity is lacking. Here we use 20 m resolution bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data acquired in 2015 by the Schmidt Ocean Institute plus sub-bottom datasets and sediment samples collected Geoscience Australia in 2005 to apply the new geomorphic classification system to the Perth Canyon. This poster will present results of the geomorphic feature mapping of the canyon and its application to better defining potential benthic habitats.

Presented at the 2017 American Geophysical Union (AGU), Fall Meeting

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Submarine canyon, biodiversity, classification, marine geomorphology
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Geomorphic Features of Australia's Marine Jurisdiction WFS

The Geomorphic Features of Australia's Marine Jurisdiction web service brings together various datasets produced by Geoscience Australia that describe the distribution and types of geomorphic features found on the seabed of Australia's marine jurisdiction. This jurisdiction covers Australia's Exclusive Economic Zone, including offshore islands and territories. Geomorphic features have been identified using the best available bathymetric data with features generally mapped at a scale of 1:5 000 000.

Tags: Australia, EEZ, Earth Sciences, Published_External, WFS, geomorphology, marine, seabed, web feature service, web service
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Portsea Hole Port Phillip Bay Bathymetry 2018 (4895/20180003S)

The Portsea Hole bathymetry survey was acquired by Deakin University Marine Mapping lab onboard the Motor Vessel Yolla over two days in 2018 (20/01/2018-21/01/2018) using a Kongsberg EM2040c. This survey was collected as part of Parks Victoria project to map all the marine parks within Victorian state waters.

Not to be used for navigational purposes

Tags: AusSeabed, Australia-wide geoscience data, Bass Strait (Great Australian Bight), Bathymetry, EARTH SCIENCES, Great Australian Bight, MV Yolla, Marine, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, Resourcing Australia's Prosperity, Southern Ocean, multi-beam echosounders
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
GEOMAT - Modelling of Continental Shelf Sediment Mobility in Support of Australia's Regional Marine Planning Process

GEOMA T is a geological-oceanographic computer modelling project which aims to enhance
our understanding of the processes controlling sediment mobilisation on the Australian
continental shelf. This report describes tidal and surface ocean swell-wave models and their
application to studies of shelf sediment mobilisation. The work has been carried out over the
past 2 years by a team of collaborators from AGSO, the University of Tasmania, the
Australian Bureau of Meteorology and Kort &amp; Matrikelstyrelsen, Geodetic Division in
Denmark.
Our models predict that swell wave energy is sufficient to mobilise fine sand (0.1 mm
diameter), on at least one occasion during the year March 1997 to February 1998, over 63.5%
of the Australian continental shelf. The largest and most powerful waves were able to
mobilise fine sand up to a water depth of 148 m in the Great Australian Bight. Tidal currents
are capable of mobilising fine sand at least once per semi-lunar cycle (ie. -2 weeks) over
about 56.4% of the shelf.
Overlaying the wave and tide threshold exceedence maps demonstrates that there are areas on
the shelf where one process dominates, some areas where tides and waves are of relatively
equal importance and still other areas where neither process is significant. We defined 6 shelf
regions of relative wave and tidal energy: zero (no-mobility); waves-only, wave-dominated,
mixed, tide-dominated and tides-only. The relative distribution of these regions varies with
grain size. Inclusion of estimated mean grain size is being undertaken at the present time and
this will enhance the usefulness of the regionalisations.
GEOMA T provides a predictive, process-based understanding of the shelf sedimentary
system. It helps to explain the distribution patterns of surficial sediments and will probably
be useful for mapping biological habitats and communities, although further work is needed
to better define these relationships. GEOMA T provides a useful tool that will assist with
marine environmental management in general, and with the National Ocean's Office regional
marine planning process in particular. It has demonstrated applications to marine engineering
projects where shelf sediment mobilisation is of concern and to regional studies of pollution
dispersal and accumulation.

Tags: AU-EEZ, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, bathymetry, continental margins, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Gladstone BGC and sediments model data

This is the GHHP Biogeochemistry (BGC) and Sediments model data. It is based on the eReefs GHHP Hydrodynamic SHOC model data for physical properties plus a sediment transport model for predicting the fate of suspended fine sediments and a biogeochemical model for water column and benthic production, water quality and nutrient cycling. It includes a spectrally resolved light model and is forced by a wave model to calculate resuspension rates of particulate matter

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
eReefs GBR4 hydrodynamics v2.0

Results from version 2.0 of the 4km-resolution regional-scale hydrodynamic model of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR4). This model was forced with BlueLink Ocean Modelling and Prediction System (OceanMAPS) model results on the ocean boundaries and Bureau of Meteorology ACCESS-R model for surface atmospheric data. The tide was introduced through 22 constituents derived from the global CSR tide model, and the river boundaries incorporate measured stream flow and temperature data from QLD DNRM's gauging stations for 22 rivers, and estimated flows and loads for 49 additional rivers. There were no known forcing problems.

This model configuration and associated results dataset may be referred to as "GBR4_H2p0" according to the eReefs simulation naming protocol. 

The model ran in near-real-time mode, updating daily, until January 2024 when the 2023/24 monsoon season caused damage to sensors in the catchments, and we lost access to the critical river-flow forcing dataset.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Davis Multibeam Survey 2016/17, Antarctica (GA-0357/AAP 5093) - High Resolution Backscatter Grid

Geoscience Australia, the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) conducted a hydrographic surveying and seafloor characterisation survey in nearshore waters offshore from Davis Station in the Australian Antarctic Territory. 

The multibeam data was acquired during January-February 2017 using two workboats. Geoscience Australia used the AAD workboat Howard Burton and the Royal Australian Navy used their Antarctic Survey Vessel (ASV) Wyatt Earp. The survey is a component of Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) Project 5093 Hydrographic Surveying and Seafloor Characterisation Program (Chief Investigator: Ursula Harris, AAD). 

The objective of the survey was to map the seabed environment in shallow (&lt;300 m) coastal waters adjacent to Davis station in the Vestfold Hills region, to obtain data for the compilation of nautical charts and to acquire fundamental baseline data necessary for informed environmental management, science, infrastructure and logistical operations. 

Data collected during the survey includes high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data, sediment samples, seafloor imagery and sub-bottom profiles. 

This dataset comprises a backscatter grid from multibeam sonar data acquired using the AAD workboat Howard Burton, gridded at 2 m spatial resolution, covering a combined area of 90 km2. The Chief Scientist onboard the Howard Burton was Dr. Jodie Smith (Geoscience Australia).

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, antarctica, backscatter
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Integrated petroleum systems analysis to understand the source of fluids in the Browse Basin, Australia

The Browse Basin is located offshore on Australia's North West Shelf and is a proven hydrocarbon province hosting gas with associated condensate and where oil reserves are typically small. The assessment of a basin's oil potential traditionally focuses on the presence or absence of oil-prone source rocks. However, light oil can be found in basins where source rocks are gas-prone and the primary hydrocarbon type is gas-condensate. Oil rims form whenever such fluids migrate into reservoirs at pressures less than their dew point (saturation) pressure. By combining petroleum systems analysis with geochemical studies of source rocks and fluids (gases and liquids), four Mesozoic petroleum systems have been identified in the basin.
This study applies petroleum systems analysis to understand the source of fluids and their phase behaviour in the Browse Basin. Source rock richness, thickness and quality are mapped from well control. Petroleum systems modelling that integrates source rock property maps, basin-specific kinetics, 1D burial history models and regional 3D surfaces, provides new insights into source rock maturity, generation and expelled fluid composition. 
The principal source rocks are Early-Middle Jurassic fluvio-deltaic coaly shales and shales within the J10-J20 supersequences (Plover Formation), Middle-Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sub-oxic marine shales within the J30-K10 supersequences (Vulcan and Montara formations) and K20-K30 supersequences (Echuca Shoals Formation). All of these source rocks contain significant contributions of land-plant derived organic matter and within the Caswell Sub-basin have reached sufficient maturities to have transformed most of the kerogen into hydrocarbons, with the majority of expulsion occurring from the Late Cretaceous until present.

Tags: Browse Basin, Earth Sciences, Published_External, condensate, dew point, fluids, gas, geochemistry, oil, petroleum systems analysis, source rocks
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Predicting Seabed Sand Content across the Australian Margin Using Machine Learning and Geostatistical Methods

In this study, we aim to identify the most appropriate methods for spatial interpolation of seabed sand content for the AEEZ using samples extracted on August 2010 from Geoscience Australia's Marine Samples Database. The predictive accuracy changes with methods, input secondary variables, model averaging, search window size and the study region but the choice of mtry. No single method performs best for all the tested scenarios. Of the 18 compared methods, RFIDS and RFOK are the most accurate methods in all three regions. Overall, of the 36 combinations of input secondary variables, methods and regions, RFIDS, 6RFIDS and RFOK were among the most accurate methods in all three regions. Model averaging further improved the prediction accuracy. The most accurate methods reduced the prediction error by up to 7%. RFOKRFIDS, with a search window size of 5, an mtry of 4 and more realistic predictions in comparison with the control, is recommended for predicting sand content across the AEEZ if a single method is required.  This study provides suggestions and guidelines for improving the spatial interpolations of marine environmental data.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, environmental, geoscience, marine, numerical modelling, seabed
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Marine National Facility (MNF) Processed Underway Parquet Data

This record describes the processed Underway (UWY) data collected from the Marine National Facility (MNF) voyages, in Parquet format.

Standard Underway data is continuously recorded, consisting of:

  (1) Navigation data (NAV): Latitude, Longitude, Speed, Heading, Course Over Ground, Gyros, and Doppler Log (dual GPS instrument).

  (2) Thermosalinograph (TSG): Water Salinity, Flow-Rate, Temperature, Fluorescence, pCO2 and Optode/Oxygen.

  (3) Atmospheric (MET): Humidity, Wind Speed and Direction (vane and ultrasonic), Radiometer/Sea Surface Temperature, Pyranometer/Solar Radiation, Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), Air Temperature, Air Pressure, Rain, Ozone and Trace Gases (port and starboard instruments).

The quality-controlled underway meteorological and SST data are supplied to the IMOS AODN and other global data repositories and distributors, and made available for satellite SST validation by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM).

Near real-time, unprocessed data are available via the link "Visualisation tool for Underway Data" (RV Investigator and RV Linnaeus only).

These data have been processed (quality-controlled), and archived by the CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrastructure (NCMI) Information and Data Centre (IDC). Data are available at time intervals of 5 seconds. Note: not all variables are quality controlled; please check for existing QC flags in the datasets. Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the Voyage Summary and/or the Data Processing Reports for the corresponding voyages.


Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Stable isotope and chemical studies of volcanic exhalations and thermal waters, Rabaul caldera, New Britain, Papua New Guinea

Thermal waters in Matupi Harbour and Sulphur Creek, Rabaul caldera have D/H and O18/O16 ratios that are indicative of a mixed source. They are the result of mixing of local meteoric waters with hot water of marine origin. The stable isotope data are grouped into distinct areas close to the meteoric water line. They suggest that the thermal systems away from the shoreline are dominated by meteoric water and that warmed sea water only enters the springs at the shoreline. Low temperature (100Â°C) fumarolic exhalations from Tavurvur and Rabalankaia volcanoes consist largely of recycled meteoric water. These conclusions conflict in part with those drawn from anion ratio and trace metal contents which were inferred by previous authors to be consistent with an hypothesis of modified sea water origin. We suggest that the chemistry of these acid, mineralised geothermal waters is a reflection of their later, near surface, history and does not necessarily give a correct picture of their ultimate origin. The enhanced Fe, Mn, and Zn values of the Matupi springs are a function of the leaching potential of geothermal fluids at elevated temperatures, and of the chemistry of the porous and chemically reactive rocks through which they pass.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, PNG, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Deep-sea sediments and manganese nodules from the southern Tasman Sea

Two manganese nodules having a high clay content, a low Mn:Fe ratio, and low contents of valuable metals (Ni 0.25%, Cu 0.17%, Co 0.06%) were recovered in a grab sample during a short geological cruise in HMAS Kimble in the southern Tasman Sea in May 1979. Five stations were occupied. Free-fall grabs recovered sediment or pumice from four stations; nothing was recovered from the fifth. The carbonate compensation depth in the region is about 4500 m. Reddish brown clay, but no manganese nodules, was recovered in the central southern Tasman Sea, from depths of 4900-5100 m. The nodules, together with grey calcareous mud, were obtained from a depth of 4300 m, farther to the northwest, near Gascoyne Seamount (250 n. miles SE of Sydney).

The results suggest nodules with high metal values are likely to exist only in the broad and deep depression in the central southern Tasman Sea southeast of Gascoyne Seamount, where sedimentation rates are low and oxidising conditions prevail. Whether nodule fields are present or not will only be resolved by considerably more sampling.

Tags: AU-TAS, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network