AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Australian Offshore Mineral Locations Map, August 2006

The Australian Offshore Mineral Locations map shows mineral occurrences and deposits within Australia's 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone and extended continental shelf.

Australia will have one of the largest marine jurisdictions in the world (14.4 million square kilometres) if the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf agrees to Australia's submission on the outer limit of its extended continental shelf. This is greater than Australia's total land area (13.6 million square kilometres), including Antarctica.

The Offshore Mineral Locations map sheds light on the mineral prospectivity in this exciting, but poorly known frontier. It should serve also to ensure mineral values are considered in marine planning and decision making.

The Australian Offshore Mineral Locations map draws together data from published and unpublished marine research surveys as well as reports from federal and state government records.

Mineral locations shown include manganese nodules and crusts, shellsand, construction aggregate, heavy mineral sand, phosphorites, diamonds, tin, copper, gold and coal.

Types of mineralisation, some interpreted from limited information, provide an insight into the nature of the depositional settings.

Bathymetry shows the variable physiography of the seafloor that surrounds Australia. For the first time it is possible to identify features such as the contextual setting of manganese crusts and nodules on the East Tasman Plateau and South Tasman Rise, and shellsand and cobalt crust on the edge of the Ceduna Terrace where it descends to the South Australian Abyssal Plain.

Insets and images on the map show further detail, mineral specimens and operational aspects associated with exploration and recovery of marine minerals.

The map is the result of a collaborative project between Geoscience Australia, CSIRO's Wealth from Oceans Flagship and Division of Exploration and Mining, and each of the State and Northern Territory Geological Surveys.

The Australian Offshore Mineral Locations data can be viewed online by using Geoscience Australia's Australian Marine Spatial Information System (AMSIS). AMSIS contains more than 80 layers of Australian marine information which can be viewed and integrated with mineral locations data to create maps to meet specific requirements.

Tags: Earth Sciences, Geoscience, Published_External, Thematic Map, bathymetry, marine, mineral deposits
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geophysical Surveys and Datasets WMS

This web service delivers the geographical extents and descriptive metadata of geophysical datasets from all surveys conducted or managed by Geoscience Australia and its predecessor agencies, as well as from State and Territory geological survey agencies. Datasets include gravity, magnetic, radiometric, and electromagnetic data, and elevation data collected during geophysical surveys.

Tags: Published_External, WMS, electromagnetic, elevation, gravity, magnetic, rediometric, survey, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Permian polyzoa from the Bowen Basin

The Bowen Basin is a large triangular synclinal structure 350 miles long, occupying an area of about 20,000 square miles in eastern Queensland (Text-fig. 1). It is composed of Permian and Triassic sediments and volcanics resting unconformably on Upper Carboniferous or older rocks. To the southeast and southwest, the sediments dip under the Mesozoic strata of the Great Artesian Basin. Permian Polyzoa of the Bowen Basin belong to over 30 species and 16 genera of the Orders Cyclostomata, Trepostomata, and Cryptostomata. Four species, Fenestella bowenensis, F. springsurensis, Fenestella sp. nov., and Saffordotaxis multinodata, are regarded as being new. Twelve of the genera have been recorded previously from the Permian of Western Australia, and most of them are not known from the Permian of New South Wales and Tasmania. Thus a short-lived marine connexion with Western Australia is envisaged in the northern part of the continent.

Tags: AU-NT, AU-WA, Bulletin, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, palaeontology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Zeehan dam site geophysical survey, Tasmania 1960

This Record describes a seismic refraction and resistivity survey at a proposed dam site on the Pieman River, Tasmania. The purpose of the survey was to determine the thickness and nature of overburden and the nature of bedrock. Seismic results indicate that the overburden is up to 110 ft thick; it consists of soil, scree material, and decomposed and weathered dolerite. The bedrock consists of jointed and unweathered dolerite.

Tags: AU-TAS, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geophysics
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Seascapes of the Australia Margin and Adjacent Sea Floor: Methodology and Results

This report describes the iterative methods used to create the seascapes, including a detailed appendix documenting the different datasets used in the different planning zones. Creating the seascapes is necessarily an iterative process whereby the available datasets are combined in different combinations, or added as they become available, using an unsupervised 'crisp' ISOClass classification in ERMapper. In each classification only biophysical properties that have consistent and definable relationships with the benthic biota and are known in sufficient detail across Australia's entire marine region are used to create the seascapes. An initial validation of the classification technique has been undertaken on a subset of the data for the shelf surrounding Tasmania using an alternative unsupervised 'fuzzy' classification. Results of this validation indicate that the unsupervised classification methodology provides consistent and reliable classes for defining the seascapes.

Tags: AU-EEZ, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, GIS, Published_External, Record, continental margins, geomorphology, marine, resource assessment
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Early Devonian thelodonts (Agnatha) from the Toko Syncline, western Queensland, and a review of other Australian discoveries

Thelodont scales recovered from the basal (calcareous) unit of the Cravens Peak Beds in the Georgina Basin, are referable to Turinia australiensis Gross, 1971, T. cf. pagei (Powrie, 1870), and Gampsolepis ? sp. undet. The thelodonts probably lived in a marginal marine environment (as evidenced from the associated ostracods and eridostracans) at about the same time as the placoderm Wuttagoonaspis sp. lived in the freshwater bodies, now represented by the sandstone and conglomerate facies of the Cravens Peak Beds. Scales of Turinia australiensis Gross, 1971, associated with Wuttagoonaspis plates, from the lower part of the Mulga Downs Group in the Cobar/Wilcannia area of New South Wales, are at least as young as late Early Devonian (Emsian), because they post-date the Pragian age of the underlying Amphitheatre Group. By correlation, those parts of the Cravens Peak Beds (Georgina Basin) and the Tandalgoo Red Beds (Canning Basin) that also contain Turinia australiensis are approximately coeval. After reaching Australia in Early Devonian time, the Turinia fauna began an adaptive radiation to give apparently younger (Middle Devonian) stocks that have survived longer in the Australian region than elsewhere, as the youngest known scales come from the Gneudna Formation (Iatest Givetian-earliest Frasnian) in the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, QLD
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
A Review and Meta-Analysis of Potential Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Calcifiers From the Southern Ocean

Understanding the vulnerability of marine calcifiers to ocean acidification is a critical issue, especially in the Southern Ocean (SO), which is likely to be the one of the first, and most severely affected regions. Since the industrial revolution, ~30% of anthropogenic CO2 has been absorbed by the global oceans. Average surface seawater pH levels have already decreased by 0.1 and are projected to decline by ~0.3 by the year 2100. This process, known as ocean acidification (OA), is shallowing the saturation horizon, which is the depth below which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolves, likely increasing the vulnerability of many resident marine calcifiers to dissolution. The negative impact of OA may be seen first in species depositing more soluble CaCO3 mineral phases such as aragonite and high-Mg calcite (HMC). Ocean warming could further exacerbate the effects of OA in these particular species. Here we combine a review and a quantitative meta-analysis to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about skeletal mineralogy of major taxonomic groups of SO marine calcifiers and to make projections about how OA might affect a broad range of SO taxa. We consider a species' geographic range, skeletal mineralogy, biological traits, and potential strategies to overcome OA. The meta-analysis of studies investigating the effects of the OA on a range of biological responses such as shell state, development and growth rate illustrates that the response variation is largely dependent on mineralogical composition. Species-specific responses due to mineralogical composition indicate that taxa with calcitic, aragonitic, and HMC skeletons, could be at greater risk to expected future carbonate chemistry alterations, and low-Mg calcite (LMC) species could be mostly resilient to these changes. Environmental and biological control on the calcification process and/or Mg content in calcite, biological traits, and physiological processes are also expected to influence species-specific responses.

<b>Citation:</b> Figuerola B, Hancock AM, Bax N, Cummings VJ, Downey R, Griffiths HJ, Smith J and Stark JS (2021) A Review and Meta-Analysis of Potential Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Calcifiers From the Southern Ocean. <i>Front. Mar. Sci.</i>8:584445. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.584445

Tags: Antarctica, ECOLOGY, Ecological Impacts of Climate Change, Published_External, aragonite, carbonate mineralogy, climate change, magnesium, marine calcifiers, saturation horizon, vulnerability
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australian petroleum accumulations report. Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia

Seventy three petroleum accumulations have been found to 30 June 1992 in the Carnarvon Basin. Most accumulations occur offshore in the northern part of the basin, in Triassic to Cretaceous sedimentary rocks.  This Mesozoic sequence was deposited in a series of sub-basins associated with the rifting of the Australian and Indian plates.  Petroleum accumulations are found in the Barrow, Dampier and Exmouth Sub-basins, the Exmouth Plateau, and the Peedamullah/Onslow Shelf.

Trapping mechanisms include structural and stratigraphic traps at several levels in the Mesozoic sequence.  The largest known gas and oil fields in the basin are reservoired in pre-rift Triassic fluvio-deltaic sands and post-rift Cretaceous marginal marine sandstones.  Several significant accumulations, including the Wanaea and Cossack oil accumulations, occur in the Jurassic syn-rift sequence, which includes marine shelf, slope and basin floor sandstones.

Source and seal for many accumulations are provided by marine prodelta shales and by restricted occurrences of deep marine shales, both of Jurassic age.  Cretaceous marine claystones also act as seals, often by juxtaposition of these impermeable sediments against reservoirs across faults.

Thirteen developments were in place, as at 30 June 1992, to produce petroleum from the Carnarvon Basin and a further nine were planned, not including the planned Wandoo production test.  Development infrastructure offshore consists of manned and unmanned platforms and monopods, seapoles and pipelines, while onshore facilities include the gas processing facilities and LNG plant at Karratha, the Tubridgi gas plant, the Harriet gas gathering facility on Varanus Island, oil processing or storage plants on Varanus, Thevenard, Airlie and Barrow Islands and offloading facilities at these islands.  The Talisman development using a floating production facility ceased production in August 1992 and was decommissioned in October 1992.

Tags: AU-WA, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Report, petroleum exploration, petroleum geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Elizabeth and Middleton Reef multibeam sonar backscatter survey (GA4848)

This resource includes multibeam sonar backscatter data for Middleton Reef and Elizabeth Reef within Lord Howe Marine Park collected by Geoscience Australia during the period 31 January to 6 February 2020 on the Australian Maritime College vessel, TV Bluefin. The survey was undertaken as a collaborative project funded through the National Environmental Science Program Marine Biodiversity Hub, with the Institute for Marine &amp; Antarctic Studies (University of Tasmania), NSW Department of Primary Industries, University of Sydney (Australian Centre for Field Robotics) and Parks Australia (Marine Park managers, Commonwealth Government). The purpose of the survey was to collect baseline information for benthic habitats within the National Park Zone (Middleton Reef) and Recreational Use Zone (Elizabeth Reef) of the marine park. These data will support ongoing environmental monitoring within the Temperate East Marine Park Network as part of its 10-year management plan (2018-2028). Data acquisition for the project included seabed mapping using multibeam sonar (Kongsberg EM 2040C HD, 300 kHz), seabed imagery acquisition by Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV Sirius and AUV Nimbus), sediment samples (grab) and imagery of demersal fish communities by baited remote underwater videos (BRUVs). This dataset comprises two bathymetry grids derived from multibeam sonar data gridded at 4 mspatial resolution. A detailed report on the survey is available on the Marine Biodiversity Hub’s website (https://www.nespmarine.edu.au/reports;  Carroll, A et al., 2020,. Australian Marine Park Baseline and Monitoring Survey: Post Survey Report, Middleton and Elizabeth Reefs, Lord Howe Marine Park. 
This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes.
This dataset is published with the permission of the CEO, Geoscience Australia

Tags: AusSeabed, Backscatter, Bathymetric grids, EARTH SCIENCES, Marine, Marine Biodiversity Hub, Multibeam, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Petrographical study of rock samples from the coastal section between Torquay and Airey's Inlet, Victoria

The samples described in this report, which were submitted by the Director for petrographical examination, come from the Janjukian and Anglesean deposits between Torquay and Airey's Inlet. All sedimentary rocks from the area have been named according to the classification drawn up by M.A. Condon. The results of a rough chemical analysis made in 1947 on a sample of supposed jarosite are given, and a note on the occurrence and possible origin of the glauconite found in many of the samples is appended.

Tags: AU-VIC, GA Publication, Geology, Published_External, Record, marine, petrography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australian sedimentary parameters

Seabed sediment data were extracted from Geoscience Australia's MARine Sediment database (MARS - http://www.ga.gov.au/oracle/mars/). They include the percentage of carbonate in the sediment, and the percentage of mud, sand, or gravel size material found in seabed sediment samples, throughout the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone. The data grids were created using ArcGIS Inverse Distance Squared Weighted methodology.

Tags: Marine Data, Marine Geoscience, National dataset, Published_External, Sub bottom profiles, abiotic surrogates, marine, sedimentology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geology and Petroleum Potential of the Bremer Sub-basin, Offshore Southwestern Australia

The Bremer Sub-basin, which forms part of the Bight Basin off the southern coast of Western Australia, is a deep-water (100-4000 m water depth) frontier area for petroleum exploration. No wells have been drilled to test the sub-basin's petroleum potential, with company exploration limited to a regional seismic survey by Esso Australia Ltd in 1974. Early studies identified the Bremer Subbasin as a series of Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous half graben, which contain potentially prospective structures for trapping hydrocarbons. However, a lack of sub-surface geological data, along with the deep-water setting, discouraged exploration of this area for over 30 years. In 2003, the Bremer Sub-basin was identified as a key frontier area in Geoscience Australia's New Oil Program where new exploration opportunities might occur. Subsequently, Geoscience Australia's Bremer Sub-basin Study commenced in 2004 with an aim to determine if the sub-basin formed under suitable geological conditions to generate and trap large volumes of hydrocarbons.

Tags: AU-WA, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, marine, petroleum geology, sedimentary basins
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
5028 Block 2 (Southeast) Grid of equivalent air-absorbed dose rate with NASVD and standard reductions applied

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose. The total dose rate is due to natural sources of radiation and is computed by adding estimates of cosmic dose at ground level to the terrestrial dose. The terrestrial dose rate grid is derived as a linear combination of the filtered K, U and Th grids. A low pass filter is applied to this grid to generate the filtered total dose rate grid.
This 5028 Block 2 (Southeast) Grid of equivalent air-absorbed dose rate with NASVD and standard reductions applied has a cell size of  degrees (approximately 20m) and shows the total dose rate of the Narryer survey. The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 2024 by the WA Government, and consisted of 415090 line-kilometres of data at 100m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, K, NASVD, NCI, Published_External, Th, U, WA, airborne digital data, dose rate, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, potassium, rad, radiometrics, raster, rate, spectrometry, survey 5028, thorium, total dose, uranium
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
National Gravity Compilation 2019 (free air grid)

Gravity data measures small changes in gravity due to changes in the density of rocks beneath the Earth's surface. The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
This National Gravity Compilation 2019 (free air grid) is a free air anomaly grid for the 2019 Australian National Gravity Grids A series. This gravity survey was acquired under the project No. 202008. This gravity anomaly grid is derived from ground observations stored in the Australian National Gravity Database (ANGD) as at September 2019, supplemented with offshore data sourced from v28.1 of the Global Gravity grid developed using data from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego. Out of the approximately 1.8 million gravity observations, nearly 1.4 million gravity stations in the ANGD were used to generate this grid. The ground gravity data used in this grid has been acquired by the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments, the mining and exploration industry, universities and research organisations from the 1940's to the present day. Station spacing varies from approximately 11 km down to less than 1 km, with major parts of the continent having station spacing between 2.5 and 7 km. The grid shows free air anomalies over Australia and its continental margins with a cell size of 0.00417 degrees (approximately 435m). The data are given in units of um/s^2, also known as 'gravity units', or gu.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, None, Published_External, free air, geophysical survey, geophysics, grav, gravity, grid, ground digital data, raster, survey 202008
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
5028 Block 4 (Northeast) Grid of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived from the radar altimeter and GNSS.

A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a 3D representation of terrain elevation. It is derived from the radar altimeter and GNSS on the Survey aircraft. The GNSS height measurements are geoidal values derived using the Australian Vertical Working Surface (AVWS). This survey was acquired under the project No. 5028 for the Geological Survey of Western Australia (GSWA). The grid has a cell size of  0.000204 degrees (approximately 20m). The data are given in units of meters.

Tags: Australia, DEM, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, Elevation, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, Western Australia, digital data, geoid, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, raster, survey 5028, terrain
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data