AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Chemical Diversity in South-eastern Australian Saline Lakes II: Biotic Implications

This study explores how differences in ionic composition of south-eastern Australian saline lake waters, caused by path differentiation according to the Eugster-Jones-Hardie models of solute evolution and halite recycling, influence species composition of ostracod faunas. Ostracod occurrences are reported as physiologically important ionic ratios set in a marine-meteoric framework, with chemical boundaries determined by mixing and evaporation models. The occurrence of halophilous ostracods coincides with changes in the ionic structure of lake waters. Chemical diversity is found to be biologically important, with most ostracods preferring a specific pathway of the Eugster-Jones-Hardie models. Path preference predominantly reflects the different tolerance ranges of species to a combination of Na+/H+, Na+/Ca2+ and alkalinity/Cl- activity ratios, which probably govern acid-base balance and Na+ and CA2+ regulation.  An Alkalinity/Cl- activity ratio of ~-2.3 corresponds to the main division in the ostracod data and reflects the abrupt change in alkalinity/Cl- ratios that occurs when a seawater-like solute matrix is diluted with a large amount of meteoric water (95%). Most halobiont ostracods occur in waters enriched with Na-Cl as a result of halite recycling. Evidence is presented that the same geochemical processes are relevant to other aquatic organisms (e.g. zooplankton, diatoms, insects) found in salt water.

Tags: AU-SA, AU-VIC, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, water resources
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Helens Rock Bathymetry 2013 (4888/20130019S)

The Helen's Rocky bathymetry survey was acquired by Deakin University Marine Mapping lab onboard the Motor Vessel Yolla over one day in 2013 (27/11) using a Kongsberg EM2040c.

Not to be used for navigational purposes

Tags: AusSeabed, Australia-wide geoscience data, Bass Strait (Great Australian Bight), Bathymetry, EARTH SCIENCES, MV Yolla, Marine, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, Resourcing Australia's Prosperity, multi-beam echosounders
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Seabed morphology and geomorphology of Zeehan Marine Park, south-eastern Australia - Version 1

This data product contains seabed morphology and geomorphology information for a subset area of Zeehan Marine Park. A nationally consistent seabed geomorphology classification scheme was used to map and classify the distribution of key seabed features. The Zeehan Marine Park seabed morphology and geomorphology maps were derived from a 2 m horizontal resolution bathymetry DEM compiled from a multibeam survey undertaken for Parks Australia by the University of Tasmania.

Semi-automated GIS mapping tools (GA-SaMMT); (Huang et. al., 2022; eCat Record 146832) were applied to a bathymetry digital elevation model (DEM) in a GIS environment (ESRI ArcGIS Pro) to map polygon extents (topographic high, low, and planar) and to quantitatively characterise polygon geometries. Geometric attributes were then used to classify each shape into discrete Morphology Feature types (Dove et. al., 2020; eCat Record 144305). Seabed geomorphology features were interpreted by applying additional datasets and domain knowledge to inform their geomorphic characterisation (Nanson et. al., 2023; eCat Record 147818). Where available, backscatter intensity, seabed imagery, and survey reports supplemented the bathymetry DEM and morphology classifications to inform the geomorphic interpretations.

The data product and classification schema are fully described in the accompanying Data Product Specification.

Dove, D., Nanson, R., Bjarnadóttir, L. R., Guinan, J., Gafeira, J., Post, A., Dolan, Margaret F.J., Stewart, H., Arosio, R., Scott, G. (2020). A two-part seabed geomorphology classification scheme (v.2); Part 1: morphology features glossary. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4075248;

Huang, Z., Nanson, R., Nichol, S. 2022. Geoscience Australia's Semi-automated Morphological Mapping Tools (GA-SaMMT) for Seabed Characterisation. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/146832

Nanson, R., Arosio, R., Gafeira, J., McNeil, M., Dove, D., Bjarnadóttir, L., Dolan, M., Guinan, J., Post, A., Webb, J., Nichol, S. (2023). A two-part seabed geomorphology classification scheme; Part 2: Geomorphology classification framework and glossary (Version 1.0) (1.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7804019

Tags: Geomorphology and earth surface processes, Parks Australia, Published_Internal, geomorphology, mapping, marine, morphology, seabed, spatial
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
The Lord Howe Rise continental ribbon: a fragment of eastern Gondwana that reveals the drivers of continental rifting and plate tectonics

Plate tectonics and resulting changes in crustal architecture profoundly influence global climate, oceanic circulation, and the origin, distribution and sustainability of life. Ribbons of continental crust rifted from continental margins are one product of plate tectonics that can influence the Earth system. Yet we have been unable to fully resolve the tectonic setting and evolution of huge, thinned, submerged, and relatively inaccessible continental ribbons like the Lord Howe Rise (LHR), which formed during Cretaceous fragmentation of eastern Gondwana. Thinned continental ribbons like the LHR are not easily explained or predicted by plate-tectonic theory. However, because Cretaceous rift basins on the LHR preserve the stratigraphy of an un-accreted and intact continental ribbon, they can help to determine whether plate motion is self-organised¿passively driven by the pull of negatively-buoyant subducting slabs¿or actively driven by convective flow in the mantle. In a self-organising scenario, the LHR formed in response to ocean-ward retreat of the long-lived eastern Gondwana subduction zone and linked upper-plate extension. In the mantle-driven scenario, the LHR resulted from rifting near the eastern edge of Gondwana that was triggered by processes linked to emplacement of a silicic Large Igneous Province. These scenarios can be distinguished using the ribbon¿s extensional history and the composition and tectonic affinity of igneous rocks within rift basins. However, current knowledge of LHR rift basins is based on widely-distributed marine and satellite geophysical data, limited dredge samples, and sparse shallow drilling (&lt;600 m below-seafloor). This limits our ability to understand the evolution of extended continental ribbons, but a recent deep crustal seismic survey across the LHR and a proposed IODP deep stratigraphic well through a LHR rift basin provide new opportunities to explore the drivers behind rifting, continental ribboning and plate tectonics.

Abstract submitted &amp; presented at the 2016 American Geohpysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting (https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm16/meetingapp.cgi/)

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Lord Howe Rise, continental ribbon, rifting
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
eReefs GBR4 River Tracers v4.0

Passive river tracers results for 35 rivers of significance to the Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan, derived from version 4.0 of the eReefs 4km-resolution regional-scale hydrodynamic model of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR4). 

This model is forced with:
1. Surface Atmospheric Data: Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia, using Data Assimilation of Quality Control observations (BARRA);
2. Ocean Boundaries: CSIRO Bluelink Reanalysis using Data Assimilation of Quality Control observations (BRAN2020) model results;
3. Tide: global TPXO tide model;
4. River boundaries: measured stream flow and temperature data for 64 rivers from a combination of the Bureau of Meteorology Grid 2 Grid catchment model (G2Gv3) and the QLD DES Source catchment model.

This dataset contains passive tracer results for 35 significant rivers which contribute to calculations for the Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan Reef Report Cards. This model configuration and associated results dataset may be referred to as "GBR4_H4p0_ABARRAr2_OBRAN2020_FG2Gv3_Dhnd_Rivers" according to the eReefs simulation naming protocol. 

The model ran in hindcast mode and is complete. It succeeds the GBR4_H2p0_Rivers model as the best available eReefs river tracer model results for its timespan.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Preliminary studies of the Cape Leeuwin manganese nodule deposit off Western Australia

In 1970 a large deposit of ferromanganese nodules was discovered on the floor of the Indian Ocean southwest of Cape Leeuwin by the research vessel USNS Eltanin. This discovery, which was based largely on bottom photographs from about 20 stations, was discussed by Frakes (1975) and Kennett and Watkins (1975, 1976). The photographs suggest that the deposit spreads, nearly continuously, over 900 000km^2, and cores showed that the nodules are essentially confined to the sediment surface. Kennett and Watkins (op. cit.) pointed to the abundance of ripple and scour marks and current-formed lineations on the present surface, and of extensive disconformities in the cores, as evidence of strong present and past bottom currents in the region. They suggested that the current action had resulted in very low sedimentation rates, which had allowed the nodule field, named by them (1976) the 'Southeast Indian Ocean Manganese Pavement', to develop. In early 1976 the authors used the research vessel HMAS Diamantina for a 10-day cruise in the region to sample the nodules in order to study their chemistry and mineralogy. During the cruise 9 stations were occupied, 8 of them successfully (Figure 1), and about 2000 nodules were recovered from the sea bed. The apparatus used was a light box dredge on the ships hydrowire, which had a breaking strain of about one tonne. Although an attempt was made to reoccupy Eltanin photographic stations, it should be noted that positioning was by celestial navigation, so errors of up to 10 km are possible.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, WA, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Tectonics and Basin Development of the Offshore Tasmanian Area Incorporating Results from Deep Sea Cores

With the fragmentation of Gondwana, the southern continents other than Antarctica drifted northward and the global climate changed. One of the two key separation points, Tasmania-Antarctica, the Tasmanian Gateway is the subject of this volume. 

What was the tectonic history of Tasmanian Gateway opening, and how did gateway development impact sediments, ocean circulation and climate? The Cenozoic Southern Ocean: Tectonics, Sedimentation and Climate Change between Australia and Antarctica responds to such questions with new research and interpretations on three geological phases: the rifts before the gateway opened, the deepening gateway, and changes in this part of the Southern Ocean as Australia moved northward from Antarctica. Contributing authors discuss:
- The history of the Tasmanian Gateway/Seaway opening, beginning at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, which caused fundamental changes in ocean circulation, and altered Antarctic glacial development and global climate during the last 33 m.y.
- Neogene development of the Southern Ocean based on stable isotopic sequences rarely available for such high southern latitudes 
- Latest Cretaceous to Eocene interplay of tectonics, subsidence and sea level fluctuations as East Gondwana broke up, as revealed in shallow marine siliciclastic sediments
- Stratigraphic investigations of key geological transitions at high southern latitudes 
- Cenozoic marine biostratigraphic and biogeographic development in the Antarctic -Subantarctic region between Australia and Antarctica. 

Marine geologists, geophysicists, geochemists, atmospheric physicists, climatologists, and students of Earth history will find this volume a distinctive resource for current and future research needs.

Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 151, 344 pages, hardbound, 2004, ISBN 0-87590-416-5, AGU Code GM1514165.

Tags: AU-TAS, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Monograph Contribution, Published_External, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Sights and soundings from the Shackleton Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Geoscience Australia's collaborative Antarctic Geoscience program provides scientific and strategic leadership on key national priorities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean.&nbsp;&nbsp;

From February to April 2024 one of our scientists participated in an international marine expedition to the East Antarctic Ice Shelf along Australia's Antarctic Territory coast. The expedition aboard the Research Vessel Polarstern entitled "East Antarctic Ice Sheet Instability and its interaction with changes in Southern Ocean circulation - Part 3" (EASI-3), was the third of the EASI expeditions to investigate ocean–ice sheet interactions along the East Antarctic margin.&nbsp;



This talk presents the voyage highlights, including scientific exploration, seabed mapping, sonars, sediment sampling, ship life and wildlife, by inviting the audience into the world of an Antarctic expeditioner.&nbsp;



Tags: Antarctica, EARTH SCIENCES, EASI-3, Outreach, Published_External, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (SAEF), Wednesday Seminars
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Planktonic Foraminiferal d13C Records from Southern Ocean Sediment Traps: New Estimates of the Oceanic Suess Effect

The carbon isotopic composition is measured for three species of planktonic foraminifera (Globigerina bulloides, Globorotalia inflata and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s.)) from Southern Ocean sediment traps. The sediment traps represent the annual flux of foraminifera in Subtropical to Polar Frontal environments from the western Pacific/Southern Australia sector. Comparison between the seasonal d13C composition of the foraminifera and estimated d13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) allows disequilibrium effects to be determined. Disequilibrium exhibits a latitudinal trend, with greatest offsets from equilibrium at lower latitudes. This effect causes a north to south increase in foraminiferal d13C, while the d13CDIC displays a decrease across these latitudes. Disequilibrium in G. bulloides can be accounted for by changes in temperature. The relationship between disequilibrium and temperature which we derive in this field study is consistent with the laboratory relationship of Bemis et al. [2000] . Corrected d13C for G. bulloides is closely correlated to seasonal changes in nutrients at each site, indicating the utility of G. bulloides d13C as a nutrient tracer in Southern Ocean environments. Comparison between flux-weighted sediment trap values and nearby core tops indicates a modern depletion in d13C, which we attribute to the oceanic Suess effect. The imprint of this effect on the foraminiferal isotopes provides further evidence for the equilibration between surface waters and the atmosphere in the Subantarctic Zone.

Tags: Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Depositional framework of petroleum systems, Browse Basin, offshore North West Shelf, Australia

The Browse Basin is a proven hydrocarbon province hosting gas with associated condensate on Australia’s North West Shelf. Geoscience Australia has undertaken a multi-disciplinary study to identify the various hydrocarbon sources and high-graded areas of increased liquids prospectivity within a primarily gas-prone province. Updated biostratigraphy, well correlations, seismic and paleogeographic and play fairway interpretations were completed for ten Hettangian to Maastrichtian supersequences. These data together with geochemical analyses were integrated into a regional petroleum systems model to better understand source rock distribution, character, generation potential and play prospectivity.
Isochore maps and depositional environmental models suggest multiple source rock units in compartmentalised Jurassic–Cretaceous source pods resulting in four geochemically distinct petroleum systems. Source pod location is influenced by regional basin architecture and entrenched fluvial systems forming a complex network of sedimentary inputs to the basin.
Gas generated by the Lower–Middle Jurassic source rocks within the J10–J20 supersequences (Plover Formation) have migrated through the basin and accumulated at multiple stratigraphic levels. The Jurassic J10–J50 supersequences (Plover and lower Vulcan formations) in the Heywood Graben have generated fluids of a different composition to those elsewhere in the basin, and are most similar to a petroleum system in the neighbouring Bonaparte Basin. Gases with the highest liquid content are reservoired within the K10 supersequence (Brewster Member, Vulcan Formation) in the Ichthys/Prelude and Burnside accumulations. These fluids are probably sourced by shales of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous J40–K10 supersequences (Vulcan Formation) encasing the K10 sandstone reservoir. Marine Lower Cretaceous source rocks in the K20–K30 supersequences (Echuca Shoals Formation) have sourced oil and gas in Cretaceous reservoirs of the Caswell Sub-basin and on the Yampi Shelf. The latter accumulations contain a mixture of Cretaceous oil mixed with gas generated by higher maturity Jurassic source rocks. A proposed scenario is that these Cretaceous-sourced liquids were mobilised and carried to the shelf edge by co-migrating Plover-derived gas with subsequent biodegradation and leakage. These results open up shallow liquid-prone plays, in the southern Caswell Sub-basin and on the basin margins.

Tags: Earth Sciences, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Beach sands investigation: an investigation of the variations in the composition of heavy mineral concentrates in the Broadbeach recreational area and of the thoria content of the monazite in the area

Results are given of investigations carried out to detect any variation in the relative proportions of the several heavy minerals in heavy concentrates separated out from beach sands of the Broadbeach Recreational Area. The possible variation of the thoria content of monazite in the area is also investigated. Results indicate a systematic variation from east to west in the proportion of Zircon, rutile and ilmenite in the concentrates. The thoria content of the monazite in the area is shown to be constant within experimental limits.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, coasts, marine, mineral deposits, petrology, radiometrics
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
WEST10MV Fremantle Southeast Indian Ridge Hobart Bathymetry 1995 (1274/19950001S)

The WEST10MV bathymetry survey was acquired by the Oregon State University onboard the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (UC/SIO) Research Vessel Melville from the 29 January to 12 March 1995 using the Seabeam 2000 sonar system.
The bathymetry dataset was acquired while the Research Vessel Melville was transiting from Frematle to Southeast Indian Ridge to Hobart. 
This dataset contains the 8-210m resolution, 32-bit geotiffs of the WEST10MV survey produced from the processed SeaBeam system using the CARIS HIPS and SIPS software. 
Appropriate acknowledgment must be given to both the original scientists (Christie, David) (http://www.marine-geo.org/tools/search/entry.php?id=WEST10MV#datasets) and to the Marine Geoscience Data System (www.marine-geo.org).

Not to be used for navigational purposes

Tags: AusSeabed, Australia-wide geoscience data, Bathymetry, EARTH SCIENCES, Indian Ocean, Marine, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, RV Melville, Resourcing Australia's Prosperity, Southern Ocean, multi-beam echosounders
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
The growth, mortality, movement and nursery habitats of red-legged banana prawns (<em>Penaeus indicus</em>) in the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf.

In 1997 and 1998, we tagged and released 18013 red-legged banana prawns in the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf. The location of recaptures was documented for 916 tagged prawns in 1997 and 512 tagged prawns in 1998. Tag recapture information and commercial fishery logbook information was used to test whether red-legged banana prawns moved continuously to deeper waters or whether they moved first to deep water but then returned to shallower waters. The analysis is based on compartment models of recaptures per unit of fishing effort.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Palaeogeographic reconstructions: Revealing the lithological variability of the Gage Sandstone and South Perth Shale, Offshore Vlaming Sub-basin

The Early Cretaceous Gage Sandstone and South Perth Shale are a prospective reservoir-seal pair in the Vlaming Sub-basin. Plays include post-breakup pinch-outs of the Gage Sandstone against the Valanginian Unconformity with the South Perth Shale forming a top seal. The Gage reservoir has core porosities of 9.5-23.9% and permeabilities from 52-1340 mD. It was deposited in palaeotopographic lows of the Valanginian breakup unconformity and is the lowstand component of the thick deltaic South Perth (SP) Supersequence. To characterise the reservoir-seal pair, a sequence stratigraphic analysis was conducted by integrating 2D seismic interpretation, well log analysis and new biostratigraphic data. Palaeogeographic reconstructions for the SP Supersequence were derived by mapping higher-order prograding packages and documenting changes in relative sea level and sediment supply. High resolution reconstructions of the Gage reservoir were based on seismic facies mapping. The Gage reservoir forms part of a sand-rich submarine fan system and ranges from canyon-confined inner fan deposits to middle fan deposits on a basin plain. Directions of sediment supply are complex, with major sediment contributions from a northern and southern canyon adjacent to the Mandurah Terrace. The characteristics of the SP Supersequence differ between the north and south due to variations in palaeotopography and sediment supply. Palaeogeographic reconstructions for the SP Supersequence portray a complex early post-rift depositional history in the central Vlaming Sub-basin. They reveal a series of regressions and transgressions leading to infilling of the palaeodepression.

APPEA

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Poster/Image, Published_External, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Carnarvon Shelf Reef Polygons

Carnarvon Shelf reef polygons were manually digitized from multibeam echosounder datasets collected on marine survey GA0308 in August/September 2008. Reef areas were defined as exposed, hard substrate that are often raised above the surrounding seafloor. They were mapped using bathymetry and backscatter data along with bathymetric derivatives including; slope, hillshaded bathymetry and contours. Features were mapped at a scale of 1:10 000. This dataset is published with the permission of the CEO, Geoscience Australia.

Tags: Published_External, Western Australia, continental shelf, geomorphology, gis, key ecological feature, marine environmental baseline, reef
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Surface Hydrology Polygons (Regional)

The Surface Hydrology polygon (Regional) dataset provides a set of related features classes to be used as the basis of the production of consistent hydrological information.  This dataset contains a geometric representation of major hydrographic polygon elements - both natural and artificial.   This dataset is the best available data supplied by Jurisdictions and aggregated by Geoscience Australia.  It is intended for defining hydrological features wtih attributes.

Tags: AU, DC2020, GIS Dataset, HVC_144499, Hydrogeology, Published_External, Regional, hydrology, lakes, surfacewater hydrology, water resources
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network