AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Houtman Sub-basin Geophysical Modelling Study

The Houtman Sub-basin geophysical modelling study is an integrated geological and geophysical interpretation of the GA-349 seismic survey. The key aims for the study were to improve the understanding of the crustal architecture of the Houtman Sub-basin and the distribution and thickness of magmatic rocks. 
The Houtman Sub-basin is a largely unexplored offshore depocentre in the northern Perth Basin on the western margin of Australia. It formed during two separate rifting episodes (Early- to Mid-Permian, Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous) and may contain up to 19 km of sediment. The northern Houtman Sub-basin contains extensive breakup-related sill and dyke complexes, related to both the adjacent volcanic province of the Wallaby Plateau and the Wallaby Zenith Transform Margin (WZTM).
New 2D seismic reflection data obtained in 2014/15 (GA-349) is being used to re-assess the petroleum prospectivity of this frontier basin to underpin the possible future release of exploration acreage. A full understanding of petroleum prospectivity requires a clear picture of sediment thickness, the nature of basement, and the distribution of magmatic rocks, all of which influence the maturation of hydrocarbons and ultimately prospectivity.
Geoscience Australia seismic survey (GA-310) and marine sampling survey (GA-2476) conducted in 2008 and 2009 acquired a total of about 26,000 km of new gravity and magnetic data. This new gravity and magnetic data has been integrated and levelled with existing data, both offshore and onshore, to produce unified gravity and magnetic datasets for use in constraining regional tectonics, basin structure and petroleum prospectivity.
The purpose of this study is to use potential field modelling to: a) validate seismic interpretation of crustal structure (in depth), including Moho depth and depth to top crystalline basement; b) model density variations within the sedimentary section; c) model density and magnetic susceptibility variations within basement with an interpretation of basement composition (if possible) and; d) investigate the depth, extent and thickness of intrabasinal magmatic rocks identified on seismic data.

Tags: Basin Architecture, Crustal structure, Earth Sciences, Geophysical modelling, Houtman Sub-basin, Margin evolution, Perth Basin, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Cruise Proposal : Otway Basin, South-eastern Australia : Deep Crustal Seismic Data Acquisition, Late 1994/Early 1995 Project

It is proposed to acquire up to approximately 4000 km of deep crustal seismic data across the offshore Otway Basin in the period from early December 1994 to late January 1995. The principal goals of the survey (AGSO Survey 137) are to determine the deep crustal architecture of the offshore Otway Basin, to characterise the linkages between the Otway Basin and the flanking Bass Basin, Kanmantoo High and oceanic crust, and thereby to characterise the large scale extensional processes which led to the
development of the Otway Basin as part of the larger Southern Rift System. In addition, the survey is designed to test many of the newer concepts which have arisen from the interpretation of AGSO's recently acquired aeromagnetic data. The integration of the deep crustal seismic and the aeromagnetic data sets should significantly enhance our understanding of the basin architecture, as well as provide new insights into the usefulness of high resolution aeromagnetic data in sedimentary
basins. In order to constrain crustal velocities, seismic refraction data will be recorded on key lines.

In line with recent AGSO deep-seismic surveys, the Otway Basin survey will use a 4800 m streamer, configured with 192 x 25 m active groups; data will be recorded with a 16 second record length, and a 2 millisecond sample interval; the seismic source will be tuned airgun arrays with a total capacity of 49 litres, and will be fired every 50 metres to give 48-fold CDP coverage. Navigation will be by differential GPS. Using these parameters on the North West Shelf and in the Gippsland Basin, AGSO has
consistently obtained high-quality deep seismic data, with interpretable reflectors down to 8-12 s 'FWT, as well as obtaining good resolution in the upper 6 s of seismic data, which is normally the limit recorded by industry.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, marine, marine survey, seismics
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Beryllium isotope signatures of ice shelves and sub-ice shelf circulation

Be isotopes are a useful tracer of sediment source and transport pathways but have not been widely tested in glacio-marine environments. We measured Be isotopes in a range of depositional environments from open marine, sub-ice shelf and subglacial settings throughout Prydz Bay, one of Antarctica’s largest ice drainage systems. We find that strong sub-ice shelf and bottom current circulations can advect 10Be-rich open marine sediments into an ice shelf cavity, and 10Be-poor terrestrial sediments onto the continental shelf at the ice shelf outflow, meaning that 10Be concentrations reflect sub-ice shelf circulation patterns rather than depositional environment. However, HCl-extractable 10Be/9Be ratios can provide a more robust discrimination of sediment deposited in open marine and sub-ice shelf settings. Thus, Be isotopes are a useful tracer of both environmental setting and sub-ice shelf circulation strength in both modern and paleo-ice sheet margins.

Citation: Duanne A. White, David Fink, Alexandra L. Post, Krista Simon, Ben Galton-Fenzi, Simon Foster, Toshiyuki Fujioka, Matthew R. Jeromson, Marcello Blaxell, Yusuke Yokoyama, Beryllium isotope signatures of ice shelves and sub-ice shelf circulation,
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 505, 2019, Pages 86-95, ISSN 0012-821X,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.10.004

Tags: Amery Ice Shelf, Be isotope mixing, Published_External, marine sedimentation, meteoric 10Be, sediment advection, sub-ice shelf currents
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Illuminating the Biodiversity of the Cape Range and Cloates Canyons (FK200308/GA4859)

This resource includes bathymetry data acquired during the Submarine Cape Range Canyons bathymetry survey using Kongsberg EM302 and EM710 multibeam sonar systems. The Seamounts, Canyons and Reefs of the Coral Sea bathymetry survey was led by Dr. Rachel Przeslawski (Geoscience Australia) with a team of scientists from Geoscience Australia, Curtin University, Western Australian Museum and Scripps Institution of Oceanography aboard the Schmidt Ocean Institute (SOI) RV Falkor from the 8th of March to the 8th of April 2020. 

The primary objective of this survey was to map unexplored submarine canyons in the Gascoyne Marine Park. Submarine canyons are crucial habitats for a variety of biota and understanding their geometry, depth and species diversity is underpinned by high resolution bathymetry data. The bathymetry data collected in this survey can assist with scientific research, marine park management and understanding Australia’s marine estate.

This dataset contains a 64m and a 16m, for water depths shallower than 2560m resolution 32-bit geotiff of the Cape Range and Cloates Canyons area produced from the processed EM302 and EM710 bathymetry data combined.

This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes.
This dataset is published with the permission of the CEO, Geoscience Australia.

Tags: AusSeabed, Bathymetry, Biodiversity, EARTH SCIENCES, HVC_144641, Multibeam Echo Sounder, Published_External, Schmidt Ocean Institute, Seabed
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Orpheus Island Water Temperature From 09 Dec 2002

The 'Wireless Sensor Networks Facility' (formerly known as Facility for The Automated Intelligent Monitoring of Marine Systems (FAIMMS)), part of the Great Barrier Reef Ocean Observing System project (GBROOS), is a facility of the Australian 'Integrated Marine Observing System' (IMOS) project. This data set was collected by the Great Barrier Reef Wireless Sensor Network.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Results of Two Dry-season Surveys of Keppel Bay and Casuarina Creek: Biogeochemical Properties of the Water Column and Underlying Sediments

The Fitzoy Estuary is one of several macrotidal estuaries in tropical northern Australia that face ecological change due to agricultural activities in their catchments. The biochemical functioning of such macrotidal estuaries is not well understood in Australia, and there is a pressing need to identify sediment, nutrient and agrochemical pathways, sinks and accumulation rates in these extremely dynamic environments. This is particularly the case in coastal northern Queensland because the impact of water quality changes in rivers resulting from vegetation clearing, changes in land-use and modern agricultural practices are the single greatest threat to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.

This report includes:
1   Aims and Research questions
2   Study Area
3   Climate and Hydrology
4   Geology
5   Vegetation and land use
6   Methods
7   Sampling strategy
8   Water column observations and samples
9   Bottom sediment properties
10  Core and bottle incubations
11  Data analysis
12  Results
13  Discussion
14  The roll of Keppel Bay in accumulating and redirecting sediment and nutrients from the catchment
15  Sediment biogeochemistry
16  Links between primary production, biogeochemistry and sediment dynamics: A preliminary zonation for Keppel Bay
17  Conclusions

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, coasts, marine, model
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Seabed glacial geomorphology features on the East Antarctic continental shelf: first results from RV Polarstern expedition PS141, EASI-3

The recent RV Polarstern Expedition PS141 "East Antarctic Ice Sheet Instability and its interaction with changes in Southern Ocean circulation - Part 3” (EASI-3; 6 Feb to 14 April 2024) aimed to investigate past ocean-ice sheet interactions along the East Antarctic margin over different geological timescales. East Antarctic Ice Sheet fluctuations directly impact global sea level and ocean circulation through the interplay between oceanic processes and seabed topography, especially offshore of the vulnerable Aurora subglacial basin and Shackleton Ice Shelf.

More than 10,000 nautical miles of new hydroacoustic data (continuous multibeam and sub-bottom profiles) were collected from parts of the Davis and Mawson Seas, in a target area off the ice margin between Wilhelm II to Wilkes Land (between 85° E and 115° E). We present some preliminary bathymetric and geomorphic mapping results that reveal a variety of submerged glacial features on the continental shelf, including iceberg scours, mega-scale glacial lineations, subglacial basins, and grounding zone wedges. Further detailed mapping and interpretation of these features will help extend the record of past glacier and ice sheet changes in East Antarctica and inform contemporary models and future projections.



Prepared for the Australian Antarctic Research Conference, Hobart, November 2024.

Tags: Antarctic Geoscience, Antarctica, EAIS, EASI-3, Ice Sheet, Marine Geoscience, Published_External, Sea Level, Seabed Mapping, Southern Ocean, conference material
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Ginan - Case Study, Australian Institute of Marine Science

FrontierSI has been engaged by Geoscience Australia (GA) to establish a series of case studies showcasing the benefits of Positioning Australia products and services through demonstrations of precise positioning capability. The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) was selected as the demonstration partner for this case study, contributing their extensive knowledge of current and future marine technologies and providing a suitably challenging environment for deployment of precise positioning solutions. This project investigates the available options for provision of precise global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) positioning at the AIMS Marine Operations Centre, and explores the suitability, benefits, and challenges of using Positioning Australia products including Ginan for this purpose.&nbsp;

Tags: Ginan, Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Navigation and position fixing, Positioning Australia, Precise Positioning, Published_External, demonstration project
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Australia's Identified Mineral Resources 2012 - Revised

Australia's Identified Mineral Resources is an annual national assessment that takes a long-term view of Australian mineral resources likely to be available for mining.  The assessment also includes evaluations of long-term trends in mineral resources, world rankings, summaries of significant exploration results and brief reviews of mining industry developments. This entry is for the revised (minor edits - 2014) version of AIMR 2012 GeoCat #75326

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Report, marine, resource assessment
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Late Pleistocene and Holocene Sedimentation of the George V Continental Shelf, East Antarctica

Climatically controlled glaciological and oceanogrphic environmental changes off the George V Coast during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene have been recontructed from changes in sedimentation processes. The evolution of a sediment drift deposit located deep in the deep trough on the shelf has been assessed using a sedimentological approach.

Tags: AQ, Antarctic data, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
The evolution of One Tree Reef, Southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland

One Tree Reef is one of fourteen reefs in the Capricorn Group, southern Great Barrier Reef. The reef has an asymmetrical triangular shape, 5.5 km long and 3 km wide, with a small coral shingle cay on the southeastern corner. One Tree Reef evolved from a karst carbonate platform, now 10 to 25m below sea level, but emergent during the last sea-level low before 9600-9000 years B.P. With rising sea level, vertical organic accretion was dominant, although there was some lateral accretion on the higher southeastern corner. By 4400 years B.P. the reef grew up into the influence of the present wind-induced southeasterly wave regime. Present reef shape approximates a bow of a ship facing into wind, with the resultant wave refraction and diffraction producing a symmetrical energy pattern which has influenced the present sediment pattern. This pattern is symmetrical about a lagoonal axis of interaction of wave fronts. Present lagoonal sedimentation is controlled by flood tide and swash or wave surge transport, swash sorting and slack water periods when sediment in suspension is deposited.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, QLD, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction around Heard Island and McDonald Islands - Mercator projection

Map showing Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction around Heard Island and McDonald Islands, including a portion of the AAT.
Mercator Projection, WGS84 Datum, Central Meridian 76Â°E, True Scale at 58Â°S.
One of the 27 constituent maps of the "Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction Map Series" (GeoCat 71789).
Depicting Australia's extended continental shelf approved by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in April 2008, treaties and various maritime zones.  Background bathymetric image is derived from a grid by Smith and Sandwell, 1997. Background land imagery derived from Blue Marble, NASA's Earth Observatory.
A0 sized .pdf downloadable from the web.

Tags: Administrative Boundary, Earth Sciences, Published_External, Thematic Map, administrative boundaries, bathymetry, continental shelf, marine, marine jurisdiction
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
The role of soil flux and soil gas in the characterisation of a surface CO2 leak: A case study in Qinghai, China

Following the drilling of a shallow natural CO2 reservoir at the Qinghai research site, west of Haidong, China, it was discovered that CO2  was continuously leaking from the wellbore due to well-failure. The site has become a useful research facility in China for studying CO2  leakage and monitoring technologies for application to geological storage sites of CO2. During an eight day period in 2014, soil gas and soil flux surveys were conducted to characterise the distribution, magnitude and likely source of the leaking CO2 .

Two different sampling patterns were utilised during soil flux surveys. A regular sampling grid was used to spatially map out the two high-flux zones which were located 20–50 m away from the wellhead. An irregular sampling grid, with higher sampling density in the high-flux zones, allowed for more accurate mapping of the leak distribution and estimation of total field emission rate using cubic interpolation. The total CO2  emission rate for the site was estimated at 649-1015 kgCO2/d and there appeared to be some degree of spatial correlation between observed CO2  fluxes and elevated surface H2O fluxes.

Sixteen soil gas wells were installed across the field to test the real-time application of Romanak et al.’s (2012) process-based approach for soil gas measurements (using ratios of major soil gas components to identify the CO2 source) using a portable multi-gas analyser. Results clearly identified CO2  as being derived from one exogenous source, and are consistent with gas samples collected for laboratory analysis. Carbon-13 isotopes in the centre of each leak zone (−0.21‰ and −0.22‰) indicate the underlying CO2  is likely  sourced from the thermal decomposition of marine carbonates.

Surface soil mineralisation (predominantly calcite) can be used to infer prior distribution of the CO2  hotspots and as a consequence highlighted plume migration of 20m in 11 years. The broadening of the affected area beyond the wellbore at the Qinghai research site markedly increases the area that needs surveying at sufficient density to detect a leak. This challenges the role of soil gas and soil flux in a CCS monitoring and verification program for leak detection, suggesting that these techniques may be better applied for characterising the source and emission rate of a CO2  leak, respectively.

Citation: I.F. Schroder, H. Zhang, C. Zhang, A.J. Feitz, The role of soil flux and soil gas monitoring in the characterisation of a CO2 surface leak: A case study in Qinghai, China, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Volume 54, Part 1, 2016, Pages 84-95, ISSN 1750-5836, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.07.030.

Tags: CO2 leak, China, EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, emissions, gas migration, soil flux, soil gas, surface monitoring, well failure
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Complete Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Colour Composite Image of Onshore Australia 2016

This gravity anomaly image has been derived from observations stored in the Australian National Gravity Database (ANGD) as at February 2016 as well as data from the 2013 New South Wales Riverina gravity survey. Out of the approximately 1.8 million gravity observations 1,371,998 gravity stations in the ANGD together with 19,558 stations from the Riverina survey were used to generate this image. The image shows complete Bouguer anomalies over onshore continental Australia. The data used in this image has been acquired by the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments, the mining and exploration industry, universities and research organisations from the 1940's to the present day. 
Terrain corrections to gravity were calculated using both offshore bathymetry and onshore topography data. These terrain corrections were applied to the spherical cap Bouguer anomalies used in the Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Grid of Onshore Australia 2016 to produce the complete Bouguer anomalies shown in this image.
The Complete Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Grid of Onshore Australia 2016 has been image enhanced and displayed as a hue-saturation-intensity (HSI) image with sun shading from the northeast to create this product.

Tags: Bouguer, Complete Bouguer, Earth Sciences, Gravity Digital Data, HSI, National dataset, Published_External, geophysics, gravity, terrain correction
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Seabed Environments and Shallow Geology of the Vlaming Sub-Basin, Western Australia - Supporting Investigation for Geological Storage of CO2 GA334 Marine Environmental Survey Post-Survey Report

In March and April, 2012, Geoscience Australia undertook a seabed characterisation survey, aimed at supporting the assessment of CO2 storage potential of the Vlaming Sub-basin, Western Australia.  The survey, undertaken as part of the National CO2 Infrastructure Plan program was targeted to provide an understanding of the link between the deep geological features of the area and the seabed, and connectivity between them as possible evidence for seal integrity.  Data was acquired in two sections of the Rottnest Shelf lying above the regional seal - the South Perth Shale - and the underlying potentially CO2-suitable reservoir, the Gage Sandstone. Seabed samples were taken from 43 stations, and included 89 seabed grab samples.  A total of 653 km2 of multibeam and backscatter data was obtained. Chirper shallow sub-bottom profile data was acquired concurrently. 6.65 km2 of side-scan sonar imagery was also obtained. The two surveyed areas, (Area 1 and Area 2), are set within a shallow sediment starved shelf setting. Area 2, situated to the southwest of Rottnest Island, is characterised by coralline red algal (rhodolith) beds, with ridges and mounds having significant rhodolith accumulations. The geomorphic expression of structural discontinuities outcropping at the seabed is evident by the presence of linear fault-like structures notable in Area 1, and north-south trending lineaments in Area 2. North-south trending structural lineaments on the outer section of Area 2 have in places, mounds standing 4-5 m above the seafloor in water depths of 80-85 m.  Although there are apparent spatial correlations between seabed geomorphology and the structural geology of the basin, the precise relationship between ridges and mounds that are overlain by rhodolith accumulations, fluid seepage, and Vlaming Sub-basin geology is uncertain, and requires further work to elucidate any links.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, continental shelf, geological sequestration, geomorphology, marine, marine survey, sedimentary basins
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network