AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Crustal architecture and tectonic development of western Queensland, Australia, based on deep seismic reflection profiling: Implications for Proterozoic continental assembly and dispersal

Interpretation of 2014–2015 deep crustal seismic reflection and magnetotelluric data has revised the architecture and geodynamic framework of western Queensland, with implications for the assembly and dispersal of the supercontinents Nuna, Rodinia and Gondwana. In the Mount Isa Province, crustal-scale boundaries of the Leichhardt River Domain, Kalkadoon-Leichhardt Domain and Eastern Subprovince are mapped in the third dimension. The Leichhardt River and Kalkadoon-Leichhardt domains have similar Nd isotopic T 2DM model ages to provinces to the west, indicating they were part of ancestral North Australian Craton (NAC); the Eastern Subprovince is a separate terrane, with the Pilgrim Fault a collisional suture. The Gidyea Suture Zone separates the Mount Isa Province from the subsurface Numil Seismic Province. To the east, the west-dipping Yappar Fault separates east-dipping structures in the west from west-dipping structures in the east, forming a classic doubly vergent orogen within the upper plate of a convergent margin. The northwestern boundary of the Bernfels Seismic Province, the Kynuna Fault, truncates the Gidyea Suture Zone, implying this seismic province was welded to the NAC prior to initial deposition of the Etheridge Province. The Cork Fault truncates the north-south grain of the Mount Isa Province; the easternmost part of the NAC has been excised, presumably during breakup of Nuna. The subsurface Brighton Downs Seismic Province, formerly part of the northern Thomson Orogen, is a discrete seismic province, located between the NAC and the Thomson Orogen, and welded to the NAC during the accretion of Rodinia. Basement to the Thomson Orogen is a collage of microplates, accreted to the Brighton Downs Seismic Province during the assembly of Gondwana. By 530 Ma, eastern Australia faced an open Pacific Ocean, with the Thomson Orogen in a backarc setting. Thus, northeastern Australia contains a record of repeated continental accretion and breakup over at least three supercontinent cycles.   
Citation: Russell J. Korsch, Michael P. Doublier, Dominic D. Brown, Janelle M. Simpson, Andrew J. Cross, Ross D. Costelloe, Wenping Jiang, Crustal architecture and tectonic development of western Queensland, Australia, based on deep seismic reflection profiling: Implications for Proterozoic continental assembly and dispersal, Tectonophysics, Volume 878, 2024, 230302, ISSN 0040-1951, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230302.

Tags: Deep Crustal Seismic, EFTF – Exploring for the Future, Mount Isa, Published_External, Seismology and seismic exploration, Structural geology and tectonics, crustal architecture, seismic interpretation
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geomechanical evaluation of a middle Cambrian unconventional oil and gas play in the southern Georgina Basin, northern Australia.

Middle Cambrian sediments in the southern Georgina Basin contain multiple organic-rich source rocks and have been suggested to be prospective for both conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons. We present new geomechanical, mineralogical and geochemical data collected from the Arthur Creek Formation and Thorntonia Limestone in four wells (Baldwin 1, MacIntyre 1, Owen 2, Todd 1) in the southern Georgia Basin. Geomechanical test intervals were selected such that geomechanical test results could be directly compared to the mineralogical and geochemical datasets we collected (X-Ray Diffraction, HyLogger and organic geochemistry). Approximately 25 m of core was tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS) using the scratch technique. Results indicate that most core that was analysed has UCS values in the range of 60¿150 MPa. Triaxial testing was also conducted to measure the poroelastic properties of core and indicated that Young¿s modulus is generally in the range of 45-67 GPa. UCS and Young¿s modulus are positively correlated and also tend to increase with depth through the prospective Arthur Creek Formation. The mechanical properties of the tested core are also comparable to proven shale-gas plays in Australia and internationally. Mineralogically, the Georgina Basin rocks tested have lower clay contents when compared to data from other Australian and international basins. However, no clear correlation between geomechanical properties and mineralogy was observed, suggesting that multiple factors contribute to the poroelastic and strength parameters. For example, parameters such as sonic velocity and porosity appear correlated with rock strength. Such data can be used alongside other datasets (e.g. sedimentological, geophysical and structural data) to better inform predictions of hydrocarbon prospectivity.
Citation: Tenthorey, E., &amp; Ayling, B. (2020). Geomechanical evaluation of a middle Cambrian unconventional oil and gas play in the southern Georgina Basin, northern Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 68(5), 697–716. https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2021.1847733

Tags: Arthur Creek, Brittleness, EARTH SCIENCES, Formation, Geomechanics, Georgina Basin, Hylogger, Published_External, Strength, Thormtonia Limestone
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Catchment-based gold prospectivity analysis combining geochemical, geophysical and geological data across northern Australia

The results of a pilot study into the application of an unsupervised clustering approach to the analysis of catchment-based National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) geochemical data combined with geophysical and geological data across northern Australia are documented. NGSA Mobile Metal Ion® (MMI) element concentrations and first and second order statistical summaries across catchments of geophysical data and geological data are integrated and analysed using Self-Organising Maps (SOM). Input features that contribute significantly to the separation of catchment clusters are objectively identified and assessed.
A case study of the application of SOM for assessing the spatial relationships between Au mines and mineral occurrences in catchment clusters is presented. Catchments with high mean Au code-vector concentrations are found downstream of areas known to host Au mineralisation. This knowledge is used to identify upstream catchments exhibiting geophysical and geological features that indicate likely Au mineralisation. The approach documented here suggests that catchment-based geochemical data and summaries of geophysical and geological data can be combined to highlight areas that potentially host previously unrecognised Au mineralisation.
Citation: M. J. Cracknell, P. de Caritat; Catchment-based gold prospectivity analysis combining geochemical, geophysical and geological data across northern Australia. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 2017; 17 (3): 204–216. 
doi: https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2016-012
This article appears in multiple journals (Lyell Collection &amp; GeoScienceWorld)

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Published_External, Regolith, Self-Organising Maps
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Paleoseismology of the Hyde Fault, Otago, New Zealand

We present the first paleoseismic investigation of the Hyde Fault, one of a series of north-east striking reverse faults within the Otago range and basin province in southern New Zealand. Surface traces of the fault and associated geomorphology were mapped using a lidar digital elevation model and field investigations. Trenches were excavated at two sites across fault scarps on alluvial fan surfaces. The trenches revealed stratigraphic evidence for four surface-rupturing earthquakes. Optically stimulated luminescence dating constrains the timing of these events to around 47.2 ka (37.5–56.7 ka at 95% confidence), 34.6 ka (24.7–46.4 ka),23.5 ka (19.7–27.3 ka) and 10.5 ka (7.9–13.1 ka). We obtain a mean inter-event time of12.4 kyr (2.3–23.9 kyr at 95% confidence) and the slip rate is estimated to be 0.22 mm/yr (0.15–0.3 mm/yr). We do not find evidence to suggest that earthquake recurrence on the Hyde Fault is episodic, in contrast to other well-studied faults within Otago, suggesting diverse recurrence styles may co-exist in the same fault system. This poses challenges for characterising the seismic hazard potential of faults in the region, particularly when paleoearthquake records are limited to the most recent few events.
Citation: Jonathan D. Griffin, Mark W. Stirling, David J.A. Barrell, Ella J. van den Berg, Erin K. Todd, Ross Nicolls &amp; Ningsheng Wang (2022) Paleoseismology of the Hyde Fault, Otago, New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 65:4, 613-637, DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2021.1995007

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Hyde fault, Otago range and basin, Paleoseismology, Published_External, earthquake recurrence, reverse faulting, seismic hazard
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Exploring for the Future New geomechanical data in frontier Australian basins

Led by Geoscience Australia, Exploring for the Future (EFTF) is a A$225 million Australian Government program dedicated to exploring Australia’s resource potential and boosting investment. The EFTF program energy component aimed to attract industry investment by delivering a suite of new precompetitive geoscience data in prospective Australian sedimentary basins. Through EFTF, Geoscience Australia has acquired significant amounts of new geomechanical data from underexplored onshore sedimentary basins with identified hydrocarbon prospectivity, from both legacy and newly acquired samples. These data were acquired to build a better understanding of basin sediment rock properties, particularly looking at the reservoir and seal potential of postulated unconventional and conventional targets. Four major datasets are presented herein, representing prospective intervals from the Paleozoic Canning Basin of Western Australia, the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic Officer Basin of South Australia and Western Australia, the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic South Nicholson region of the Northern Territory and northwest Queensland, and the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Birrindudu Basin of the Northern Territory and Western Australia. Additionally, the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic McArthur Basin of the Northern Territory is represented by a small number of analyses. Tests include unconfined compressive strength tests, laboratory ultrasonic measurements, single and multi-stage triaxial tests and Brazilian tensile strength tests. These datasets are a precompetitive resource that can facilitate investment decisions in frontier regions, helping to identify elements of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon systems as well as providing essential data to assess geological storage opportunities.
Citation: Bailey Adam, Dewhurst David, Wang Liuqi, Carson Chris, Anderson Jade, Butcher Grace, Henson Paul (2024) Exploring for the Future: new geomechanical data in frontier Australian basins. Australian Energy Producers Journal 64, 155-168.
https://doi.org/10.1071/EP23029

Tags: Birrindudu Basin, Canning Basin, EARTH SCIENCES, Exploring for the Future - EFTF, Greater McArthur Basin, Officer Basin, Proterozoic shales, Published_External, South Nicholson region, frontier basins, geological storage, geomechanics
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Petrophysical characterisation of the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian successions in the Officer Basin

The Neoproterozoic–Paleozoic Officer Basin, located in South Australia and Western Australia, remains a frontier basin for energy exploration with significant uncertainty due to a paucity of data. As part of Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future (EFTF) program, the objective of this study is to derive the petrophysical properties and characterise potential reservoirs in the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian sedimentary succession in the Officer Basin through laboratory testing, and well log interpretation using both conventional and neural network methods. 
Laboratory measurements of forty-one legacy core samples provide the relationships between gas permeability, Klinkenberg corrected permeability, and nano-scale permeability, as well as grain density, effective and total porosity for various rock types. Conventional log interpretation generates the volume fraction of shale, effective and total porosity from gamma ray and lithology logs. Self-organising map (SOM) was used to cluster the well log data to generate petrophysical group/class index and probability profiles for different classes. Neural network technology was employed to approximate porosity and permeability from logs, conventional interpretation results and class index from SOM modelling. 
The Neoproterozoic-Cambrian successions have the potential to host both conventional and tight hydrocarbon reservoirs. Neoproterozoic successions are demonstrated to host mainly tight reservoirs with the range in  average porosity and geometric mean permeability of 4.77%-6.39% and 0.00087-0.01307 mD, respectively, in the different sequences. The range in average porosity and geometric mean permeability of the potential Cambrian conventional reservoirs is 14.54%-26.38% and 0.341-103.68 mD, respectively.  The Neoproterozoic shales have favourable sealing capacities. This work updates the knowledge of rock properties to further the evaluation of the resource potential of the Officer Basin.
Published in The APPEA Journal 2022
Citation:
Wang Liuqi, Bailey Adam H. E., Carr Lidena K., Edwards Dianne S., Khider Kamal, Anderson Jade, Boreham Christopher J., Southby Chris, Dewhurst David N., Esteban Lionel, Munday Stuart, Henson Paul A. (2022) Petrophysical characterisation of the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian successions in the Officer Basin. The APPEA Journal 62, 381-399.
https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ21076

Tags: Cambrian, EARTH SCIENCES, Exploring for the Future, GEOPHYSICS, Neoproterozoic, Officer Basin, Published_External, characterisation, laboratory measurement, log interpretation, neural network, permeability, porosity, reservoir, seal
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australian Fisheries Enforcement Zones - Front (English)

This map is produced for the Australian Fisheries Management Authority to assist their enforcement of Australia's Maritime Boundaries. It has lots of icons to explain to Indonesian fishermen where they can and cannot fish in the Timor and Arafura Seas.
Originally produced using the Indonesian language. This version is an English translation.
It is not for sale or public release by Geoscience Australia. Public release is thru DEH and AFMA.
Updated in 2019 to reflect the 2018 Australia/Timor-Leste Maritime Boundaries Treaty

Tags: Administrative Boundary, Earth Sciences, Published_External, Thematic Map, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Forensic soil provenancing in an urban/suburban setting: a sequential multivariate approach

Compositional data from a soil survey over north Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, are used to develop and test an empirical soil provenancing method. Mineralogical data from Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR) and Magnetic Susceptibility (MS), and geochemical data from X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF; for total major oxides) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS; for both total and aqua regia-soluble trace elements), are performed on the survey’s 268 topsoil samples (0-5 cm depth; 1 sample per km2). Principal components (PCs) are calculated after imputation of censored data and centred logratio transformation. The sequential provenancing approach is underpinned by (i) the preparation of interpolated raster grids of the soil properties (including PCs); (ii) the explicit quantification and propagation of uncertainty; (iii) the intersection of the soil property rasters with the values of the evidentiary sample (± uncertainty); and (iv) the computation of cumulative provenance rasters (‘heat maps’) for the various analytical techniques. The sequential provenancing method is tested in the north Canberra soil survey with three ‘blind’ samples representing simulated evidentiary samples. Performance metrics of precision and accuracy indicate that the FTIR and MS (mineralogy), as well as XRF and total ICP-MS (geochemistry) analytical methods offer the most precise and accurate provenance predictions. Inclusions of PCs in provenancing adds marginally to the performance. Maximising the number of analytes/analytical techniques is advantageous in soil provenancing. Despite acknowledged limitations and gaps, it is concluded that the empirical soil provenancing approach can play an important role in forensic and intelligence applications.
Citation: de Caritat, P., Woods, B., Simpson, T., Nichols, C., Hoogenboom, L., Ilheo, A., Aberle, M.G. and Hoogewerff, J. (2021), Forensic soil provenancing in an urban/suburban setting: A sequential multivariate approach. J Forensic Sci, 66: 1679-1696. 
https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14727

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Geographic Information System - GIS, Published_External, Soil forensics, compositional data analysis - CODA, geochemical mapping, interpolation, soil properties, uncertainty
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
International GNSS Service Report 2023 - Analysis Centre Coordinator technical report 2023

Geoscience Australia currently retains the role of the International GNSS Service Analysis Centre Coordinator (IGS ACC) in collaboration with Massachusetts University of Technology (MIT). The IGS ACC is responsible for monitoring the quality of products submitted by individual analysis centers, and combining them to produce the official IGS products. The IGS ACC also has the overall responsibility for coordinating the changes, developments and improvements within the contributing analysis centers to produce the IGS products using the latest models and standards. 

This report details the IGS ACC activities over 2023, which included general quality assessment of the IGS combined products over 2023, introduction of a new IGS Analysis Center (JGX, Japan), extension of the combined products for the third IGS reprocessing campaign (repro3) for 2021-2022, and multi-GNSS ultra-rapid demonstration combined orbits.

Citation for full report:
Dach, R., Bockmann, E. (eds.) (2024). International GNSS Service Technical Report 2023 (IGS Annual Report). IGS Central Bureau and University of Bern; Bern Open Publishing DOI 10.48350/191991

Tags: Geodesy, International GNSS Service, Published_External, Satellite-based positioning, satellite orbits and clocks, satellite positioning
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Pilbara Craton: geology and metallogeny

The Paleo- to Mesoarchean Pilbara Craton (Figure 1) has varied deposit types and commodities, and historically has been a major producer of Ta and Sn and an important producer of iron ore, Au, Cu and Cr. The Pilbara Craton is currently experiencing a rush of interest in Li and renewed production of Au and Cu. The geological and metallogenic evolution of the Pilbara Craton is summarised, and the mineral districts that are currently producing or have potential to produce in the near term are described.  A description of the iron ore deposits in Neoarchean cover rocks is provided by Duuring, Teitler and Hagemann (2017).
This paper is a chapter within the AusIMM volume of Monograph 32 - Australian Ore Deposit publication and It describes the geology and metallogeny of the Pilbara Craton.

Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Maximum depth of magnetisation of Australia, its uncertainty, and implication for Curie depth

The Curie depth is the depth at which the crust and uppermost mantle cease to be ferromagnetic or ferromagnetic, the main cause of crustal magnetism, due to the action of geothermal effects. One method to estimate the Curie depth for Australia is to map the base of magnetisation derived from observations of magnetic intensity. We have used a nonlinear direct sampling inverse technique to fully explore the parameter space of a fractal forward model of magnetisation. This produces an ensemble of models that allow us to produce maps of both the maximum depth of magnetisation and its uncertainty for Australia. The base of magnetisation varies significantly across the continent, between 10 and 70 km depth, with an uncertainty of 7–10 km. The variations in magnetisation depth conform with the boundaries of geological provinces due to their differing magnetic properties: In general, cratons and older provinces generally show a deeper base of magnetisation results and hence may be inferred to have deeper Curie depths, reflecting that these areas are on the whole cooler. We also find general agreement in our results with known geothermal anomalies.
Citation: Richard Chopping, Brian L.N. Kennett, Maximum depth of magnetisation of Australia, its uncertainty, and implications for Curie depth, GeoResJ, Volume 7, 2015, Pages 70-77, ISSN 2214-2428, 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grj.2015.06.003.

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, curie depth, magnetic anomaly, uncertainty
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australias Onshore Basin Inventories Foundational knowledge synthesis for better design of precompetitive data acquisition

Geoscience Australia’s Onshore Basin Inventories project provides a whole-of-basin inventory of geology, petroleum systems, exploration status and data coverage of hydrocarbon-prone onshore Australian sedimentary basins. Two existing volumes cover many central and north Australian onshore basins, providing a single point of reference and creating a standardised national basin inventory. In addition to summarising the current state of knowledge within each basin, the onshore basin inventory reports identify critical science questions and key exploration uncertainties that may help inform future work program planning and aid in decision making for both government and industry organisations. 

Under Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future (EFTF) program, several new onshore basin inventory reports are being delivered. The next releases include the Adavale Basin of southern Queensland and a compilation of Australia’s Mesoproterozoic basins. These reports are supported by value-add products that address identified data gaps and evolve regional understanding of basin evolution and prospectivity, including petroleum systems modelling, seismic reprocessing and regional geochemical studies. The Onshore Basin Inventories project continues to provide scientific and strategic direction for pre-competitive data acquisition under the EFTF work program, guiding program planning and shaping post-acquisition analysis programs.
Citation: Bailey Adam H. E., Carr Lidena K., Korsch Russell (2023) Australia’s Onshore Basin Inventories – foundational knowledge synthesis for better design of precompetitive data acquisition. The APPEA Journal 63, S209-S214.

https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ22045

Tags: Australian basins, EFTF – Exploring For The Future, Onshore Basin Inventories, Published_External, Resource geoscience
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data