AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Development of a local wind field for Tropical Cyclone Debbie

Tropical Cyclone (TC) Debbie made landfall near Airlie Beach, Queensland on the 28th March 2017 as a category four system. After TC Debbie had dissipated, survey teams from James Cook University (JCU) and Geoscience Australia conducted post-disaster damage surveys to assess the extent of damage caused by the storm. 
Observations of wind speeds during TC Debbie were recorded at a number of Bureau of Meteorology automatic weather stations, as well as six mobile anemometers deployed by JCU prior to landfall. While these stations provide valuable measurements of wind speed at their locations, an estimate of the winds throughout the landscape is required to assign maximum wind speeds to the observed level of damage at each surveyed location. This relationship will be used to develop vulnerability curves for building stock in the affected region. These curves can assist emergency managers prepare for and respond to future severe wind events, through developing an understanding of the vulnerability of local building stock to severe wind events.
We use the following workflow to develop a corrected, local wind field for TC Debbie:
1.  Model the maximum wind gust over the lifetime of TC Debbie across the landfall region using the Tropical Cyclone Risk Model (TCRM);
2.  Apply a correction for local wind factors, including topography, land cover, shielding and wind direction;
3.  Validate the local wind field against observations;
4.  Apply a correction based on the difference between the observed and modelled wind fields. 
The final wind field is a product of the modelled wind field, local and observational corrections to produce the best estimate of the spatial distribution of the maximum wind gust throughout the lifetime of TC Debbie.
Poster presented at the 2018 Amos-ICSHMO Conference Sydney, NSW 
(https://www.ametsoc.org/index.cfm/ams/meetings-events/ams-meetings/amos-icshmo-2018/)

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, Severe wind hazard agreement, Tropical cyclone wind footprint, category 5 cyclone
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australian Operating Mines Map 2021

This map shows the location and status, as at 31 December 2021, of Australian operating mines, mines under development and mines under care and maintenance. Developing mines are deposits where the project has a positive feasibility study, development has commenced or all approvals have been received. Mines under care and maintenance have known resource estimations and may be mined or developed in the future.

Tags: GEOLOGY, Geology, Geoscience, Mining, Published_External, Thematic Map
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
A tale of two seisms Down Under: 23 March 2012 Mw 5.4 Ernabella and 9 June 2013 Mw 5.6 Mulga Park

On 23 March 2012 a MW 5.4 intraplate earthquake occurred in the eastern Musgrave Ranges of north-central South Australia, near the community of Ernabella (Pukatja). This was the largest earthquake recorded on mainland Australia in the past 15 years and resulted in the formation of a 1.6 km-long surface deformation zone that included reverse fault scarps with a maximum vertical displacement of ~0.5 m (average ~0.1 m), extensive ground cracking, and numerous rock falls. Fifteen months later, on 09 June 2013 a MW 5.6 earthquake (the Mulga Park earthquake) occurred ~15-20 km northwest of the 2012 rupture. The P-axes of the focal mechanisms constructed for both events indicate northeast-oriented horizontal compressive stress. However, the focal mechanism for the Mulga Park earthquake suggests strike-slip failure, with a sub-vertical northerly-trending nodal plane favoured as the failure plane, in contrast to the thrust mechanism for the 2012 event.
Despite being felt more widely than the 2012 event, ground cracking and minor dune settlement were the only surface expressions relating to the Mulga Park earthquake. No vertical displacements were evident, nor were patterns indicative of a significant lateral displacement. An 18 km long north to north east trending arcuate band of moderate to high cracking density was mapped parallel to the surface trace of the Woodroffe Thrust, a major crust-penetrating fault system. A lobe of high-density cracking ~5km long, coincident with the calculated epicentral location, extended to the north from the centre of the main arc. We speculate that the rupture progressed to the south beneath the northern high-density lobe (consistent with the dimensions expected from new scaling relations), and that the larger arcuate band of cracking might relate to positive interference resulting from reflection of energy from the Woodroffe Thrust interface. Both events provide new insight into the rupture behaviour of faults in non-extended cratonic crust.

Tags: Abstract, External Publication, Published_External, Tectonics, earthquakes, geohazards
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Reply to discussion by Conor et al. on "Detachment faulting and bimodal magmatism in the Palaeoproterozoic Willyama Supergroup, south-central Australia : keys to recognition of a multiply deformed Precambrian metamorphic core complex

C. H. H. Connor, W. V. Pries, R. W. Page, B. P. J. Stevens, I. R. Plimer and P. M. Ashley write: Gibson &amp; Nutman (2004) postulate that the Willyama Supergroup in the southern Curnamona Province contains a 1690 1670 Ma metamorphic core complex, and imply that this is relevant to the genesis of the Broken Hill Pb-Zn-Ag deposit. We contend that this is a model-driven, speculative interpretation predicated upon unsupported assertions that conflict with substantial stratigraphic and geochronological data. Not only does the paper fail to demonstrate an early high-grade event and formation of a metamorphic core complex at 1690-1670 Ma, but it is also factually incorrect in several critical geological and geochronological aspects. The detachment concepts of Gibson &amp; Nutman may appear persuasive, but only by omitting reference to a huge body of published and recent mapping and laboratory research, by companies, universities, and geological surveys, some of which are cited here. Surprisingly, Gibson &amp; Nutman ignore much recent work (e.g. Page et al. 2004) to which one of them has contributed

Tags: AU-NSW, AU-SA, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
East Mount Isa - North, Qld, 2007 (P1144), radiometric line data, AWAGS levelled

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 This East Mount Isa - North, Qld, 2007 (P1144), radiometric line data, AWAGS levelled were acquired in 2007 by the QLD Government, and consisted of 112910 line-kilometres of data at 400m line spacing and 80m terrain clearance. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data. This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS.

Tags: AWAGS, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NASVD, Published_External, QLD, airborne digital data, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, line, potassium, radiometrics, spectrometry, survey 1144, thorium, uranium, vector
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geologically induced salinity at Yelarbon, Border Rivers area, New South Wales, Queensland

A dryland salinity scald some 48 km2 is described from Yelarbon on the border of Queensland and New South Wales, near the headwaters of the Murray-Darling River Basin. The saline soils, including solodised solonetz, are severely eroded and readily identified on Landsat MSS imagery. A major fault (Peel Fault offset?) beneath the scald has caused saline groundwater to leak up into the soil zone preferentially at this location. The evidence for this includes regional tectonic setting, detailed site geology, a magnetic geophysical anomaly, surface drainage changes and land surface displacement, hydraulic gradient changes, and groundwater hydrochemical anomalies. Erosion of the geologically caused saline scald is being aggravated by overgrazing. An appropriate land management strategy is to fence the area and assign it nature reserve or national park status.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, NSW, Published_External, QLD
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Nongra 1:100 000 topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres. Many maps are supplemented by hill shading. These maps contain natural and constructed features including road and rail infrastructure, vegetation, hydrography, contours, localities and some administrative boundaries. Product Specifications Coverage: Australia is covered by more than 3000 x 1:100 000 scale maps, of which 1600 have been published as printed maps. Unpublished maps are available as compilations. Currency: Ranges from 1961 to 2009. Average 1997. Coordinates: Geographical and either AMG or MGA coordinates. Datum: AGD66, GDA94; AHD Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Printed maps: Paper, flat and folded copies. Compilations: Paper or film, flat copies only.

Tags: 100K scale, AU-NT, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
AUSGeoid98 v.1.0 data files: Abau (sc55-12)

AUSGeoid98 data files contain a 2 minute grid of AUSGeoid98 data covering the Australian region, which you can use to interpolate geoid-ellipsoid separations for the positions required.You can use your own interpolation software, or you can use Geoscience Australia's Windows Interpolation software (Winter). The data files are text files in a standard format that cover the same area as standard topographic map areas. Files covering both 1:250,000 (approximately 100 x 150 km) and 1:1,000,000 (approximately 400 x 600 km) map areas are available. There is a 4 minute overlap on all sides of each area. Data format: AUSGeoid98 data files have a header record at the start of each file, to distinguish them from the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files. AUSGeoid98 data files show the geoid-ellipsoid separation to 3 decimal places, while the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files showed only 2 decimal places. AUSGeoid98 deflections of the vertical were computed from the geoid-ellipsoid separation surface, while the AUSGeoid93 deflections of the vertical were computed from OSU91A.

Tags: AU, AUSGeoid98, Geodesy, Geodetic Data, Published_External, dataset, geodesy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
GSWA Perth Basin South Thorium Grid Geodetic

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
This radiometric thorium grid has a cell size of 0.00083 degrees (approximately 86m) and shows thorium element concentration of the Perth Basin South, WA, 2011 in units of parts per million (or ppm). The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 2011 by the WA Government, and consisted of 80718 line-kilometres of data at 400m line spacing and 60m terrain clearance.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NASVD, NCI, Published_External, Th, WA, airborne digital data, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, rad, radiometrics, raster, spectrometry, survey 1243, thorium
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Wycliffe 1:50 000 topographic map

Product Specifications Coverage: Partial coverage, predominantly in northern Australia, along major transport routes, and other selected areas. About 1000 maps have been published to date. Currency: Ranges from 1968 to 2006. Coordinates: Geographical and UTM. Datum: AGD66, new edition WGS84; AHD. Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Paper, flat copies only.

Tags: AU-NT, Orthophoto Map, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Moondrah 1:100 000 unpublished topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres.

Tags: 100K unpublished, AU-SA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Optimising back-projection for source character in 3-D

Back projection using data from extended arrays, such as USarray, has become a powerful tool for examining the high frequency radiation from major earthquakes. Energy localisation is improved when  data from more than one array is employed, and so far spatial resolution has been estimated by simulation. 
Fortunately, it is possible to build up the  spatial resolution for back-projection from an arbitrary distribution of stations by using the configuration of the isochrons from each station passing through the target point in 3-D.   It is therefore possible to test out the potential spatial resolution for a station configuration in areas of significance and thereby maximise potential resolution. As in hypocentre estimation the quality of the spatial operator is improved with good azimuthal control.  As a consequence back-projection from a limited number of well-distributed stations or small arrays can be competitive with the use of much larger arrays with a limited azimuth span. This simplifies the task of near real-time processing to track the evolution of major events once a hypocentre has been estimated. 
We illustrate the potential for source recovery in 3-D for the very deep Mw 8.2 event in the Sea of Okhotsk. We also investigate appropriate station configuration for subduction zone mapping for the Indonesian region where there is considerable potential for megathrust events, but the epicentral distance is too large to allow direct use of North American stations.

Tags: Abstract, External Publication, Published_External, Seismology and Seismic Exploration
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
NSW DMR, Discovery 2000 Area K, Peel - Central (Peel), NSW, 1998 (P740), magnetic line data, AWAGS levelled

Total magnetic intensity (TMI) data measures variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the contrasting content of rock-forming minerals in the Earth crust. Magnetic anomalies can be either positive (field stronger than normal) or negative (field weaker) depending on the susceptibility of the rock. The data are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 These line dataset from the NSW DMR, Discovery 2000 Area K, Peel (Inverell,Manilla), NSW, 1998 survey were acquired in 1998 by the NSW Government, and consisted of 61165 line-kilometres of data at 250m line spacing and 60m terrain clearance. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data. This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS.

Tags: AWAGS, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NSW, Published_External, airborne digital data, geophysical survey, geophysics, line, magnetic, magnetics, magnetism and palaeomagnetism, survey 740, vector
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Flat Top Hill 1:100 000 topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres. Many maps are supplemented by hill shading. These maps contain natural and constructed features including road and rail infrastructure, vegetation, hydrography, contours, localities and some administrative boundaries. Product Specifications Coverage: Australia is covered by more than 3000 x 1:100 000 scale maps, of which 1600 have been published as printed maps. Unpublished maps are available as compilations. Currency: Ranges from 1961 to 2009. Average 1997. Coordinates: Geographical and either AMG or MGA coordinates. Datum: AGD66, GDA94; AHD Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Printed maps: Paper, flat and folded copies. Compilations: Paper or film, flat copies only.

Tags: 100K scale, AU-NT, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
AUSGeoid98 v.1.0 data files: Everard (sg53-13)

AUSGeoid98 data files contain a 2 minute grid of AUSGeoid98 data covering the Australian region, which you can use to interpolate geoid-ellipsoid separations for the positions required.You can use your own interpolation software, or you can use Geoscience Australia's Windows Interpolation software (Winter). The data files are text files in a standard format that cover the same area as standard topographic map areas. Files covering both 1:250,000 (approximately 100 x 150 km) and 1:1,000,000 (approximately 400 x 600 km) map areas are available. There is a 4 minute overlap on all sides of each area. Data format: AUSGeoid98 data files have a header record at the start of each file, to distinguish them from the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files. AUSGeoid98 data files show the geoid-ellipsoid separation to 3 decimal places, while the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files showed only 2 decimal places. AUSGeoid98 deflections of the vertical were computed from the geoid-ellipsoid separation surface, while the AUSGeoid93 deflections of the vertical were computed from OSU91A.

Tags: AU, AUSGeoid98, Geodesy, Geodetic Data, Published_External, dataset, geodesy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Munja 1:50 000 topographic map

Product Specifications Coverage: Partial coverage, predominantly in northern Australia, along major transport routes, and other selected areas. About 1000 maps have been published to date. Currency: Ranges from 1968 to 2006. Coordinates: Geographical and UTM. Datum: AGD66, new edition WGS84; AHD. Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Paper, flat copies only.

Tags: 50K scale, AU-WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Upper Darling Floodplain groundwater resource assessment

Communities and ecosystems along the Darling River face critical water shortages and water quality issues including high salinity and algal blooms due to a reliance on declining surface water flows, which are impacted by extraction and drought, exacerbated by increases in temperature driven by climate change. The Darling River, characterised by highly variable flows, is the primary water source for the region and our understanding of the spatial extent and character of lower salinity groundwater within the surrounding Darling Alluvium, which could provide an alternative water source, is limited. Scientific understanding of the highly variable groundwater-surface water system dynamics of the Darling River is also an integral part of the evidence base required to manage the water resources of the wider Murray-Darling Basin, which has experienced critical water shortages for domestic and agricultural consumptive use and serious ecological decline due to reduced flows. Other relevant groundwater systems in the study area include aquifers of the underlying Eromanga and Surat Basins in the north, aquifers of the Murray Basin in the south, and fractured rock aquifers of the Darling Basin in the south-central area. Understanding of connectivity between these systems and the groundwater systems within the Darling Alluvium, and surface water of the Darling River, is also limited. Here we present the findings of a desktop analysis combining previous research with new analysis on water level, hydrochemistry, and Airborne Electromagnetic depth sections. This integration suggests that basement geometry and hydrostratigraphy within the Darling Alluvium are key structural controls on surface-groundwater connectivity, and the occurrence of a saline groundwater system within the lower part of the alluvium which impacts the quality of surface water and shallow alluvial groundwater resources. Further data acquisition and integrated analysis are planned to test these relationships as part of the Upper Darling Floodplain project.
Citation: Buckerfield S., McPherson A., Tan K. P., Kilgour P. &amp; Buchanan S., 2022. From Upper Darling Floodplain groundwater resource assessment. In: Czarnota, K. (ed.) Exploring for the Future: Extended Abstracts, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/146847

Tags: Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian, EARTH SCIENCES, EFTF, Exploring For The Future, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
HMAS Canberra bathymetry survey 2020

This resource includes bathymetry data acquired during the HMAS Canberra bathymetry survey (GA-4880). Data was acquired by Deakin University on the 3rd of November 2020 onboard the M/V Yolla using a Kongsberg EM2040c sonar system. 
The objective of this survey was to map the HMAS Canberra wreck. The HMAS Canberra wreck is in Bass Strait between Port Lonsdale and Barwon Heads, Victoria, Australia.
This dataset contains a 0.5 m resolution 32-bit geotiff of the HMAS Canberra shipwreck survey area produced from the processed EM2040c bathymetry data of the survey area using CARIS HIPS and SIPS software.
This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes. 
This dataset is published with the permission of the CEO, Geoscience Australia.

Tags: AusSeabed, Bathymetric grids, Bathymetry, EARTH SCIENCES, HVC_144641, Marine, Multibeam, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Emerald 1:250 000 GIS Dataset

This data is part of the series of maps that covers the whole of Australia at a scale of 1:250 000 (1cm on a map represents 2.5km on the ground) and comprises 513 maps. This is the largest scale at which published topographic maps cover the entire continent. 
Data is downloadable in various distribution formats.

Tags: 250K scale, AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, GIS Dataset, Published_External, dataset, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data