AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Ashmore Reef's sedimentological response to the Holocene sea level rise

Positioned at the transition zone of the major hydrocarbon provinces of Browse and Bonaparte Basins, Ashmore Reef is built on what is thought to be Pleistocene antecedent topography.  This mature, ovoid, shelf-edge reef experiences the seasonal oceanic influences of Indian Ocean and of the Indonesian-Through-Flow. The model for its development is derived from the post glacial (past 11,000 years) relative sea level curve, C14 dated facies changes and the reef growth phases extrapolated from the One Tree Reef model (Marshall &amp; Davis 1982).  A thorough visual examination of the reef was augmented with a series of 12 vibro-cores through algal-foraminiferal sand and coral, across the bioturbated platform. Changes in the lagoonal sediment facies were carbon dated giving dates ranging from 970 to 2020 (~70 years) BP.  They indicated a major bio-facies change from robust vertical coral columns to an algal dominated reef crest and reef flats as sea level stabilised at ~2000 BP. Ashhmore Reef is presently characterised by high biodiversity and extensive coral growth, broad reef flats littered with coral boulders, and three vegetated cays.  An extensive series of highly mobile and heavily bioturbated biogenic sand sheets adjoin two lagoons.  Both are within a pronounced ovoid, algal-cemented, reef rim.  The sediments comprised principally of Halimeda sp., coral fragments, foraminifera, molluscs and a range of coralline algae that infill the lagoon at up to 0.73 cm/yr.  The three vegetated cays are capped with guano and all have wash-over deposits of pumice, wood, shell and coral.

Tags: AU-NT, AU-WA, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, marine, morphology, palaeontology, sequence stratigraphy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australia's Identified Mineral Resources 2011 - Revised

Australia's Identified Mineral Resources is an annual nationwide assessment which takes a long term view of mineral resources likely to be available for mining. The highest category in the national inventory is Economic Demonstrated Resources (EDR), which in essence, combines the Joint Ore Reserve Committee (JORC) Code categories of ore reserves and most of the Measured and Indicated Resources. JORC Code ore reserves of commodities are included for comparison, which provide a short to medium-term view of mineral stocks. The assessment also includes evaluations of long-term trends in mineral resources, world rankings, summaries of significant exploration results, and brief reviews of mining industry developments. This entry is for the revised (minor edits - 2014) version of AIMR 2011 GeoCat #73703.

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Report, marine, mineral deposits, mineral exploration, resource assessment
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The Lord Howe Rise continental ribbon: a fragment of eastern Gondwana that reveals the drivers of continental rifting and plate tectonics

Plate tectonics and resulting changes in crustal architecture profoundly influence global climate, oceanic circulation, and the origin, distribution and sustainability of life. Ribbons of continental crust rifted from continental margins are one product of plate tectonics that can influence the Earth system. Yet we have been unable to fully resolve the tectonic setting and evolution of huge, thinned, submerged, and relatively inaccessible continental ribbons like the Lord Howe Rise (LHR), which formed during Cretaceous fragmentation of eastern Gondwana. Thinned continental ribbons like the LHR are not easily explained or predicted by plate-tectonic theory. However, because Cretaceous rift basins on the LHR preserve the stratigraphy of an un-accreted and intact continental ribbon, they can help to determine whether plate motion is self-organised¿passively driven by the pull of negatively-buoyant subducting slabs¿or actively driven by convective flow in the mantle. In a self-organising scenario, the LHR formed in response to ocean-ward retreat of the long-lived eastern Gondwana subduction zone and linked upper-plate extension. In the mantle-driven scenario, the LHR resulted from rifting near the eastern edge of Gondwana that was triggered by processes linked to emplacement of a silicic Large Igneous Province. These scenarios can be distinguished using the ribbon¿s extensional history and the composition and tectonic affinity of igneous rocks within rift basins. However, current knowledge of LHR rift basins is based on widely-distributed marine and satellite geophysical data, limited dredge samples, and sparse shallow drilling (&lt;600 m below-seafloor). This limits our ability to understand the evolution of extended continental ribbons, but a recent deep crustal seismic survey across the LHR and a proposed IODP deep stratigraphic well through a LHR rift basin provide new opportunities to explore the drivers behind rifting, continental ribboning and plate tectonics.

Abstract submitted &amp; presented at the 2016 American Geohpysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting (https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm16/meetingapp.cgi/)

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Lord Howe Rise, continental ribbon, rifting
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
AGSO Formats for Marine Seismic and Navigation Digital Data

This format description is designed to assist users of AGSO digital seismic data. In general  the standard descriptions have been adhered to as specified by Barry et. al. (Recommended Standardsfor Digital Tape Formats, Geophysics, vol 40, No 2 (April 1975) pp 344-352).

Trace header mnemonics for many of the entries are as per used by CogniSeis in their DISCO
software package, others have been defined by AGSO.

Variations to the standard trace header descriptions (bytes 1-180) are as follows. TRACED has expanded codes which are applicable to unstacked data eg. reformatted field data. Static corrections and delays are defined to account for the field acquisition system.

In addition to the standard entries a number of optional entries are also used. Some of these arecreated by DISCO and others relate to AGSO data acquisition and processing. The most importantof these are SHOT or SPN.

Please note that for AGSO data released prior to 1993, a pseudo shot point number was used (SPN)
as opposed to processing shot number (SHOT). The SPN was an assigned number generated from
the stack data set and usually started at 100. This number has no direct relationship to the original field shot number (FFID) or processing shot number (SHOT) and may be considered to be a re-sequenced CDP. Therefore the first SPN on a line may not occur at fall fold but the first live stack
trace. To relate this vintage data to original field data either 141-11) if present, must be used or time values from the headers must be used. Its use was historical and primarily for the purposes of
producing shot point maps which could be related to a section. Its use has been discontinued from 01993 and replaced by SHOT which in most cases will be identical to FFID. Exceptions occur when
the line has been merged for acquisition or processing reasons and SHOT numbers have been re-sequenced to obtain a continuous numbering sequence.

The convention used for the SHOT annotation position is the mid-point of the source and the firstactive channel. Therefore the ship antenna position, which is Rig Seismic's firing navigation referencepoint, is corrected to relate to this point for all final navigation data.

Field data polarity is maintained throughout the processing sequence. The convention for AGSOdata is that a compression wave is plotted as negative.

Some data sets may include bathymetry and geophysical data such as magnetics and gravity. These are also corrected to the mid-point location.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, marine, marine survey, seismics
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
National Base Map MapServer

The National Base Map service provides seamless topographic colour mapping for the whole of Australia, including the outer islands of Norfolk, Lord Howe &amp; Macquarie Islands, the external territories of Cocos (Keeling), Christmas, Heard and McDonald Islands and the Australian Antarctic Territory. The service consists of data sourced from Geoscience Australia, Australian Antarctic Division &amp; OpenStreetMap. The data for Christmas Island has been sourced from the Christmas Island Edition 1 NATMAP Topographic Mapping dataset (1:30,000 scale). The data for Cocos (Keeling) Islands has been sourced from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Edition 1 NATMAP Topographic Mapping dataset (1:25,000 scale). Vegetaion for the the Australian continent is an aggregated layer from ACLUMP (Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program). The topographic information was checked in 2008 using satellite imagery, and supplemented using other sources in 2009. Limited field checking has been undertaken for these data and therefore some information may not be accurate. Information and assistance was supplied by the Attorney General's Department (Territories of Australia) and Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (Parks Australia). Geoscience Australia gratefully acknowledges contibutions to data content.) When viewing the map of mainland Australia beyond 1:100,000 scale, the data is derived from the Geoscience Australia GEODATA TOPO 250K product, except roads which are OpenStreetMap data, and in from 1:100,000 scale the data is derived from OpenStreetMap data ( © OpenStreetMap contributors). The suburbs layer is sourced from the Suburb 2018 and 2020 data, Australian Bureau of Statistics. The map portrays detailed graphic representations of features that appear on the Earth's surface. These features include cultural, hydrography, marine, transport, vegetation and relief themes. The SRTM data was acquired by NASA in February 2000 and was publicly released under Creative Commons licensing from November 2011 in ESRI Grid format. The SRTM DEM has quite different characteristics to DEMs derived by interpolation from topographic data. The SRTM data is derived from radar measurements that are dense (there is essentially a measurement at almost every grid cell) but noisy. The main processing of the SRTM DEM product has included: stripe removal, void filling and vegetation offset removal. Processing methods are further described in the 1 and 3 second SRTM Derived Products User Guide (Geoscience Australia, 2011). The bathymetry image used for this map is sourced from Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com.

Tags: Australia, Base Map, Earth Sciences, National Base Map, National Map, Published_External, Topography, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Videos from the Rowley Shoals/ Offshore Canning and Roebuck basins Survey

The Rowley Shoals/Offshore Canning and Roebuck basins survey was conducted on the RV Southern Surveyor survey SS06/2006 (GA-2408) between the 29th May and 22 June 2006. The primary aim of the survey was to identify any sites of natural hydrocarbon seepage, that may provide direct evidence for an active petroleum system within the sub‐surface. A secondary objective was to contribute to the understanding of the modern sedimentary and oceanographic processes influencing this part of the shelf, and to assess the nature of the benthic habitats. Underwater video was captured at 12 sites, with a minimum of 10 minutes to 60 minutes at each site, which totalled approximately 5.5 hours of footage. Video was recorded to mini DV tapes and copied to digital format. Descriptions of footage acquired during the underwater video tows are provided in the post-survey report (GA Record 2007/21 - Geocat # 65453). Please note that the underwater video is unclipped, contains descent and ascent through the water column, laser points in the video are reported to be spaced at 25 cm, and start locations of the underwater video camera stations are found in the Post-survey report.

Tags: HVC_144640, Published_External, Published_Internal, environmental, habitat, mapping, seabed, towed underwater video
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
National Gravity Compilation 2019 CSCBA 1VD image

Gravity data measure small changes in gravity due to changes in the density of rocks beneath the Earth's surface. The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose. 
This National Gravity Compilation 2019 CSCBA 1VD image is an image derived from the complete spherical cap Bouguer anomaly grid for the 2019 Australian National Gravity Grids A series. These gravity data were acquired under the project No. 202008. The grid used to create this image has a cell size of 0.00417 degrees (approximately 435m). This gravity anomaly grid is derived from ground observations stored in the Australian National Gravity Database (ANGD) as at September 2019, supplemented with offshore data sourced from v28.1 of the Global Gravity grid developed using data from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego. Out of the approximately 1.8 million gravity observations, nearly 1.4 million gravity stations in the ANGD, and marine data were used to generate this grid. The ground gravity data used in the national gravity grids has been acquired by the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments, the mining and exploration industry, universities and research organisations from the 1940's to the present day. Station spacing varies from approximately 11 km down to less than 1 km, with major parts of the continent having station spacing between 2.5 and 7 km. Terrain corrections to gravity were calculated using both offshore bathymetry and onshore topography data. The image shows the first vertical derivative of the complete Bouguer anomalies over Australia and its continental margins. A first vertical derivative was calculated by applying a fast Fourier transform (FFT) process to the complete spherical cap Bouguer anomaly grid of the 2019 Australian National Gravity Grids A series.

Tags: 1vd, A series, Australia, Bouguer, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, None, Published_External, complete, digital data, geophysical survey, geophysics, grav, gravity, ground, image, marine, raster, spherical cap, survey 202008
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Benthic sediment surveys of inner Darwin Harbour (GA0358) and shallow water areas in and around Bynoe Harbour (GA0359) in 2017: Total sediment metabolism, carbonate, organic isotope and organic and inorganic element measurements on seabed sediments.

Benthic sediment sampling of Inner Darwin Harbour (GA0358) and shallow water areas in and around Bynoe Harbour (GA0359) was undertaken between May 29 and June 19, 2017. Partners involved in the surveys included Geoscience Australia (GA), the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources within the Northern Territory Government (NT DENR) (formerly the Department of Land and Resource Management (DLRM)). These surveys form part of a four year (2014-2018) science program aimed at improving knowledge about the marine environments in the regions around Darwin and Bynoe Harbour’s through the collection and collation of baseline data that will enable the creation of thematic habitat maps to underpin marine resource management decisions.  This project is being led by the Northern Territory Government and is supported by the INPEX-led Ichthys LNG Project, in collaboration with - and co-investment from GA and AIMS. This dataset comprises total sediment metabolism, carbonate, organic isotope and organic and inorganic element measurements on seabed sediments.

Tags: Published_External, continental shelf, geochemistry, marine, marine baselines, marine survey, seabed
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Polychaetes (Annelida) of the Oceanic Shoals region, northern Australia: considering small macrofauna in marine management

Northern Australia has been the focus of recent marine biodiversity research to support natural resource management for both industry and conservation, including management of the Oceanic Shoals Australian Marine Park (AMP). Much of this research has targeted habitat-forming sessile invertebrates and charismatic megafauna, but smaller macrofauna and infauna may also be important because of their  roles in ecosystem functions. In this study we characterised the biodiversity of polychaetes collected from four marine surveys to the Oceanic Shoals AMP between 2009 and 2012 from which sediment samples were elutriated (500 μm) to separate macrofauna. We used this species-level inventory to examine several questions related to marine management, namely: (1) do polychaete assemblages vary among surveys; (2) can environmental variables or geomorphology explain differences in community structure; and (3) how do ecological patterns change according to taxonomic resolution (species, family) and functional group (feeding, habitat, mobility)? A total of 2561 individual polychaetes were collected from 266 samples, representing 368 species and 43 families, including new species and genera, as well as new family records for Australia (Iospilidae, Lacydoniidae). Polychaete species assemblages and functional groups showed variation among the surveys, but this was not observed at the family level. Species and family assemblages were weakly related to environmental factors, but functional groups showed stronger relationships. Plains and banks each supported distinct polychaete assemblages, although the latter showed temporal variation. The results provide baseline biodiversity and ecological data about polychaetes on the northern Australian shelf, and these are discussed in relation to marine management strategies. Notably, intersurvey and environmental patterns differ from those of larger sessile fauna (sponges) collected on the same surveys, highlighting the need to consider small macrofauna in monitoring programs of marine protected areas.

<b>Citation:</b> Przeslawski Rachel, Glasby Christopher J., Nichol Scott (2019) Polychaetes (Annelida) of the Oceanic Shoals region, northern Australia: considering small macrofauna in marine management. <i>Marine and Freshwater Research</i> 70, 307-321. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18060

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, bathymetry, geomorphology, key ecological feature, marine baselines, seabed mapping, soft sediment ecology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
South-east Australian Fractured Rock Province hydrogeological inventory

This South-east Australian Fractured Rock Province dataset contains descriptive attribute information for the areas bounded by the relevant spatial groundwater feature in the associated Hydrogeology Index map. Descriptive topics are grouped into the following themes: Location and administration; Demographics; Physical geography; Surface water; Geology; Hydrogeology; Groundwater; Groundwater management and use; Environment; Land use and industry types; and Scientific stimulus.

Groundwater in Australia's fractured rock aquifers is stored in fractures, joints, bedding planes, and cavities within the rock mass, comprising about 40% of the country's groundwater. Much of this water can be utilized for irrigation, town water supplies, stock watering, and domestic use, based on state regulations. Fractured systems account for approximately 33% of all bores in Australia but contribute to only 10% of total extraction due to variable groundwater yield.

Quantifying groundwater movement in fractured rock systems is challenging, as it depends on the distribution of major fractures. Groundwater flow direction is more influenced by the orientation of fractures than hydraulic head distribution. Recharge in fractured rock aquifers is typically localized and intermediate.

In Eastern Australia, New South Wales' Lachlan Orogen, which extends from central and eastern New South Wales to Victoria and Tasmania, is a significant region with diverse lithological units, including deep marine turbidites, shallow marine to sub-areal sediments, extensive granite bodies, and volcano-intrusive complexes. This region contains various mineral deposits, such as orogenic gold, volcanic-hosted massive sulphide, sediment-hosted Cu-Au, porphyry Au-Cu, and granite-related Sn.

Note: The study does not include additional Orogens in the east (New England) and west (Thomson and Delamerian). The Delamerian Orogen is present throughout western Tasmania.

Tags: Basin Analysis, EARTH SCIENCES, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Environmental Management, Exploring for the Future, GEOLOGY, Groundwater, Hydrogeology, Land Use and Environmental Planning, National Groundwater Sytems, National Hydrogeological Inventory, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCE, Published_External, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy)
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The Ivanhoe Block-its structure, hydrogeology and effect on groundwaters of the Riverine Plain of New South Wales.

The Ivanhoe Block is a faulted and uplifted concealed basement ridge complex underlying the mallee sand dunes adjacent to the New South Wales part of the Western Riverine Plain in the central Murray Basin. The western ridge of the Ivanhoe Block forms the regional divide between the Darling and Lachlan-Murrumbidgee groundwater systems. The parallel basement ridges of the Ivanhoe Block deflect flow south in the deeper aquifers, and thinner beds on top of the ridges result in convergence of flow in the shallower aquifers. The Geera Clay aquitard is enveloped by the Renmark Group on the Ivanhoe Block this produces an additional barrier to lateral groundwater throughflow.  Groundwater salinity is strata-bound in the aquifers of the Ivanhoe Block and Western Riverine Plain, and this enhances the value of electric logs in accomplishing a 3-fold subdivision of the Renmark Group- a basal fluvial succession, overlain by a paralic grading to marginal marine sequence which in turn is overlain by a prograding shoreline succession.  The Western Riverine Plain is the regional groundwater discharge zone for the eastern Murray Basin in New South Wales, and it has been created by the impeding action of the bounding Ivanhoe Block .  On the basis of rates of change of chloride concentration along regional flow lines in the Tertiary aquifers, the Western Riverine Plain is partitioned into the Balranaid- Hatfield discharge zone in its western half and the Moulamein - Mossgiel buffer zone in its eastern half; the former defines the zone of salt production and accumulation in the shallower Tertiary aquifers and the latter defines the maximum historical extent of up-basin propagation of refluxed salts.  In recent years the Ivanhoe Block and western Riverine Plain of New South Wales have been the focus of growing community concern about clearing in the mallee lands and the susceptibility of these areas to land salinisation. This paper addresses the second issue. The Balranald Hatfield discharge zone and the lower Willandra Lakes are most at risk from land salinisation if water tables continue to rise. The Moulamein Mossgiel buffer zone is in the second-highest risk category, and the eastern Riverine Plain has a low risk of sa linisation in its non-irrigated lands.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, NSW, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data