AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Zooplankton Abundance and Distribution Data from the TEMPO Voyage on RV Investigator IN2021_V01

This dataset provides zooplankton abundance and distribution data collected during the 2021 TEMPO (Trends in Euphausiids off Mawson, Predators, and Oceanography) voyage aboard the R/V Investigator in the East Antarctic sector of the Southern Ocean. The voyage formed part of the Marine National Facility research voyage IN2021_V01 and took place between 29 January and 24 March 2021 (AEST), departing from and returning to Hobart, Tasmania.

Sampling was conducted along the Mawson coast, East Antarctica, at both routine and target stations using a Rectangular Midwater Trawl (RMT 1+8) plankton net system. Zooplankton specimens were sorted and identified to the lowest practical taxonomic level, and abundance estimates were calculated from the RMT1 net samples. The dataset supports investigations into Antarctic zooplankton community structure, species distributions, and ecosystem dynamics in the Southern Ocean.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Late Holocene sediment in Nara Inlet, central Great Barrier Reef platform, Australia: sediment accumulation on the middle shelf of a tropical mixed clastic/carbonate system

Nara Inlet in the Whitsunday Islands is a natural depocenter for clastic and carbonate sediment on the middle shelf of the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR) platform. Three sediment cores were collected from the inlet to understand sediment accumulation in this tropical mixed clastic/carbonate system over time. Surface and subsurface sediment is comprised of two main components: terrigenous clay and shallow marine carbonate. Similar to other regions on the middle shelf of the GBR platform, the carbonate component, 25.80% by weight and dominated by Sr-poor foraminifera tests and mollusc shells, generally increases towards the surface. Radiocarbon ages derived from tests of benthic foraminifera indicate that the top 3 m of sediment accumulated within the last 3000 years, but that the rate has slowed toward present-day. The change in clastic and carbonate abundance therefore indicates a system where both clastic and carbonate accumulation has decreased over time, but where clastic accumulation has decreased faster. Reduced clastic accumulation may reflect progressive impedance of terrigenous input by a laterally growing fringing reef at the mouth of Nara Inlet. Likewise, reduced carbonate accumulation may reflect preferential reef growth and carbonate deposition outside of the inlet. Even though clastic accumulation has decreased significantly over time, the late Holocene mass, composition, and distribution of clastic material in Nara Inlet implies a terrigenous source previously unrecognized in models for the evolution of the GBR platform. Large amounts of terrigenous sediment probably were stored around topographic highs on the middle shelf during lowstand and early transgression. This clastic material was then removed over time, mixed with autochthonous carbonate, and deposited in embayments on the middle shelf. The accumulation of sediment on the middle shelf of a tropical mixed clastic/carbonate margin is not straightforward.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Carpentaria Basin hydrogeological inventory

This Carpentaria Basin dataset contains descriptive attribute information for the areas bounded by the relevant spatial groundwater feature in the associated Hydrogeology Index map. Descriptive topics are grouped into the following themes: Location and administration; Demographics; Physical geography; Surface water; Geology; Hydrogeology; Groundwater; Groundwater management and use; Environment; Land use and industry types; and Scientific stimulus.

The Carpentaria Basin is a vast intra-cratonic sedimentary basin situated on and offshore in north-eastern Australia, covering around 550,000 square kilometres across Queensland and the Northern Territory. It comprises predominantly sandstone-rich rock units deposited during sea level highs from the Late Jurassic to Mid Cretaceous. The basin overlies a heterogeneous Proterozoic basement and is separated from contemporaneous sedimentary structures by basement highs and inliers.

Four main depocentres within the larger Carpentaria Basin form four major sub-basins: the Western Gulf Sub-basin, Staaten Sub-basin, Weipa Sub-basin, and Boomara Sub-basin. While the basin is extensive and continuous in Queensland, it becomes more heterogeneous and discontinuous in the Northern Territory. Remnants of the basin's stratigraphy, referred to as the Dunmarra Basin, are found along the Northern Territory coast and inland.

The depositional history commenced during the Jurassic with down warping near Cape York Peninsula, resulting in the Helby beds and Albany Pass beds' concurrent deposition. The basin experienced marine transgressions during the Cretaceous, with the Gilbert River Formation widespread and the Wallumbilla Formation occurring during sea level highs. The Carpentaria Basin's strata are relatively undeformed and unmetamorphosed.

The Northern Territory sequence displays slightly different stratigraphy, limited to the height of the Aptian marine transgression above the Georgina Basin. The Walker River Formation and Yirrkala Formation represent key units in this area, outcropping as tablelands and mesas largely unaffected by tectonism.

Tags: Basin Analysis, EARTH SCIENCES, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Environmental Management, Exploring for the Future, GEOLOGY, Groundwater, Hydrogeology, Land Use and Environmental Planning, National Groundwater Sytems, National Hydrogeological Inventory, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCE, Published_External, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy)
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
South Australian Gulf and Yorke Cenozoic Basins hydrogeological inventory

This South Australian Gulf and Yorke Cenozoic Basins dataset contains descriptive attribute information for the areas bounded by the relevant spatial groundwater feature in the associated Hydrogeology Index map. Descriptive topics are grouped into the following themes: Location and administration; Demographics; Physical geography; Surface water; Geology; Hydrogeology; Groundwater; Groundwater management and use; Environment; Land use and industry types; and Scientific stimulus.

The South Australian Gulf and Yorke Cenozoic basins consist of eleven separate basins with similar sediments. These relatively small to moderate-sized basins overlies older rocks from the Permian, Cambrian, or Precambrian periods and are often bounded by north-trending faults or basement highs. The largest basins, Torrens, Pirie, and Saint Vincent, share boundaries. 

The Torrens and Pirie basins are fault-bounded structural depressions linked to the Torrens Hinge Zone, while the Saint Vincent basin is a fault-bounded intra-cratonic graben. Smaller isolated basins include Carribie and Para Wurlie near the Yorke Peninsula, and Willochra and Walloway in the southern Flinders Ranges. The Barossa Basin, Hindmarsh Tiers, Myponga, and Meadows basins are in the Adelaide region. These basins resulted from tectonic movements during the Eocene Australian-Antarctic separation, with many forming in the late Oligocene. Sediment deposition occurred during the Oligocene to Holocene, with various environments influenced by marine transgressions and regressions. 

The well-studied Saint Vincent Basin contains diverse sediments deposited in fluvial, alluvial, deltaic, swamp, marine, littoral, beach, and colluvial settings, with over 30 major shoreline migrations. Eocene deposition formed fluvio-deltaic lignite and sand deposits, before transitioning to deeper marine settings. The Oligocene and Miocene saw limestone, calcarenite, and clay deposition, overlain by Pliocene marine sands and limestones. The uppermost sequences include interbedded Pliocene to Pleistocene limestone, sand, gravel, and clay, as well as Pleistocene clay with minor sand lenses, and Holocene to modern coastal deposits. The sediment thickness varies from less than 50 m to approximately 600 m, with the Saint Vincent Basin having the most substantial infill. Some basins were previously connected to the Saint Vincent Basin's marine depositional systems but later separated due to tectonic movements.

Tags: Basin Analysis, EARTH SCIENCES, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Environmental Management, Exploring for the Future, GEOLOGY, Groundwater, Hydrogeology, Land Use and Environmental Planning, National Groundwater Sytems, National Hydrogeological Inventory, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCE, Published_External, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy)
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Management of saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers in Queensland, Australia

Many Queensland rivers have extensive deltas, which have large reserves of groundwater.  These deltas contain fertile land suitable for intense agricultural development with associated towns and industry, all relying on groundwater for their water supply requirements. In some areas, extensive water use, especially in dry times, has resulted in saltwater intrusion into the aquifers.  Management techniques have had to be developed and implemented to ensure the sustainability of these supplies.  Individual hydrological situations have to be managed in different ways to take full advantage of the resources available.  Options for management include artificial recharge schemes where conditions are suitable and surface water is available, or the provision of supplementary supplies from surface water storages to relieve demand on the groundwater resources. Restrictions on use may have to be applied during dry period and, in some cases, deliberate overuse with subsequent intrusion of saltwater has been permitted to encourage agricultural development of certain areas, with surface water being supplied when it became available.  Extensive monitoring of groundwater levels and quality is carried out to detect any movement of the freshwater/saltwater interface.  Models are used to predict future movement.  The experience in Queensland has been that engineering works, coupled with management linked to predictive groundwater models, can reduce saltwater intrusion and provide high sustainable yields from coastal aquifers.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, QLD, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
eReefs GBR4 biogeochemistry and sediments v3.1 reduced loads catchment scenario

Results from version 3.1 of the the 4km-resolution biogeochemistry and sediments model of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR4), forced by version2 of the Hydrodynamic model and by a reduced-loads catchment scenario which is derived from SOURCE Catchments with 2019 catchment condition (q3b) with anthropogenic loads (q3b – q3p) reduced according to the percentage reductions of DIN, PN, PP and TSS specified in the Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan (WQIP) 2017-2022 as calculated in Brodie et al., (2017). Further, the reductions are adjusted to account for the cumulative reductions already achieved between 2014 and 2019 that will be reflected in the 2019 catchment condition used in q3b.  

This model configuration and associated results dataset may be referred to as "GBR4_H2p0_B3p1_Cq3R_Dhnd" according to the eReefs biogeochemical simulation naming protocol. The model ran in hindcast-mode as one of a suite of simulations which included baseline (GBR4_H2p0_B3p1_Cq3b_Dhnd) and pre-industrial (GBR4_H2p0_B3p1_Cq3p_Dhnd) catchment scenarios.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Seabed morphology and geomorphology of the Beagle Marine Park, south-eastern Australia, Version 1 WFS

This OGC Web Feature Service (WFS) contains geospatial seabed morphology and geomorphology information for the Beagle Marine Park (South-east Marine Parks Network) and is intended for use by marine park managers, regulators and other stakeholders. This web service uses the data product published in Nanson et al. (2023); eCat Record 147976.

Tags: Geomorphology, Geomorphology and Earth Surface Processes, Mapping, Morphology, Parks Australia, Published_External, Seabed, Spatial, WFS, web service
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Pore Water Geochemistry of Eastern Mediterranean Mud Volcanoes: Implications of Fluid Transport and Fluid Origin

The pore water chemistry of mud volcanoes from the Olimpi Mud Volcano Field and the Anaximander Mountains in the eastern Mediterranean Sea have been studied for three major purposes: 
1) modes and velocities of fluid transport were derived to assess the role of (upward) advection, and bioirrigation for benthic fluxes. 
2) Differences in the fluid chemistry at sites of Milano mud volcano (Olimpi area) were compiled in a map to illustrate the spatial heterogeneity reflecting differences in fluid origin and transport in discrete conduits in near proximity. 
3) Formation water temperatures of seeping fluids were calculated from theoretical geothermometers to predict the depth of fluid origin and geochemical reactions in the deeper subsurface.

No indications for downward advection as required for convection cells have been found. Instead, measured pore water profiles have been simulated successfully by accounting for upward advection and bioirrigation. Advective flow velocities are found to be generally moderate (3-50 cm y- 1) compared to other cold seep areas. Depth-integrated rates of bioirrigation are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than advective flow velocities documenting the importance of bioirrigation for flux considerations in surface sediments. Calculated formation water temperatures from the Anaximander Mountains are in the range of 80 to 145 Â°C suggesting a fluid origin from a depth zone associated with the seismic decollement. It is proposed that at that depth clay mineral dehydration leads to the formation and advection of fluids reduced in salinity relative to sea water. This explains the ubiquitous pore water freshening observed in surface sediments of the Anaximander Mountain area. Multiple fluid sources and formation water temperatures of 55 to 80 Â°C were derived for expelled fluids of the Olimpi area.

Tags: Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine, volcanology
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Free-air anomaly and gravity maps of Australia - in colour, 1:25,000,000

On the following pages are a Free-air Anomaly Map of Australia and a Gravity Map of Australia (showing Bouguer anomalies on land and free-air anomalies at sea), both at a scale of 1:25 million. The Free-air Anomaly map is a smaller version of an unpublished map prepared as an overlay to the 1:2.5 million 1976 Geological Map of Australia; its projection is Simple Conic. The Gravity Map is a smaller version of the 1:5 million 1976 Gravity Map of Australia; its projection is Lambert Conformal. Both maps were prepared from the same data bank as the 1:5 million Gravity Map of Australia with the addition of some marine observations by the "Gulf Rex" which fill a large gap at the southern end of the Great Barrier Reef. Details of the sources of data, reduction of observations, accuracy of the anomalies, and techniques used for smoothing and contouring are contained in Anfiloff et al. (this issue). The maps were drawn by P. Moffat and A.J. Maxwell of BMRs Geophysical Drawing Office and printed by the Division of National Mapping, Department of National Resources.

Tags: AUS, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Composition and Distribution of Seabed and Suspended Sediments in North and Central Torres Strait, Australia

Widespread seagrass dieback in central Torres Strait, Australia has been anecdotally linked to the delivery of vast quantities of terrigenous sediments from New Guinea. The composition and distribution, and sedimentological and geochemical properties, of seabed and suspended sediments in north and central Torres Strait have been determined to investigate this issue. In northern Torres Strait, next to Saibai Island, seabed sediments comprise poorly sorted, muddy, mixed calcareous-siliciclastic sand. Seabed sediments in this region are dominated by aluminosilicate (terrigenous) phases. In central Torres Strait, next to Turnagain Island, seabed and suspended sediments comprise moderately sorted coarse to medium carbonate sand. Seabed sediments in this region are dominated by carbonate and magnesium (marine) phases. Mean Cu/Al ratios for seabed sediments next to Saibai Island are 0.01, and are similar to those found in New Guinea south coastal sediments by previous workers. Mean Cu/Al ratios for seabed sediments next to Turnagain Island are 0.02, indicating an enrichment of Cu in central Torres Strait. This enrichment comes from an exogenous biogenic source, principally from foraminifers and molluscs. We could not uniquely trace terrigenous sediments from New Guinea to Turnagain Island in central Torres Strait. If sediments are a factor in the widespread seagrass dieback in central Torres Strait, then our data suggest these are marine-derived sediments sourced from resuspension and advection from the immediate shelf areas and not terrigenous sediments dispersed from New Guinea rivers. This finding is consistent with outputs from recently developed regional hydrodynamic and sediment transport models.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, geochemistry, marine, sedimentology
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Regional variations in Australian heat flow

Twenty new heat-flow values from widely separated sites on the Australian continent are presented. These are combined with published land and marine data in the area 90-170Â°E, 0.45Â°S to produce contour maps of heat flux in the region. For most of the area the heat flux is uniform, and low (30-60 mW m^-2), presumably because both the oceanic and continental crusts are comparatively old. However, in eastern Australia the heat flow is significantly higher (~ 70-100 mW m^-2). The new data reinforce this pattern with values from the Canning Basin and Pilbara Block falling in the range 40-50 mW m^-2, and those in Queensland and New South Wales in the range 70-100 mW m^-2. The data distribution is still not good enough to delineate accurately the boundaries of the high and low heat-flow regimes, and hence define the boundary of possible Precambrian craton(s) where no outcrop is present. There is a strong positive correlation between heat flow and P-wave travel-time residuals, and a negative correlation between heat flow and upper-mantle velocity. There is no obvious relationship between heat flow and crustal thickness.

Tags: AUS, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Heavy mineral deposits of the North Coast beaches

The principal heavy mineral deposits occur along the stretch of beaches from Ballina to Tweed Heads, in northern New South Wales, though lesser, but still commercial, accumulations are known at least as far south as Coff's Harbour, and north to Southport in Queensland. Beaches at Yamba, Wooli, and at Fingal have been worked out by Porter and Derrick, the principal producers. This report gives an overview of mineral occurrence, and the formation, composition, and origin of the deposits.

Tags: AU-NSW, AU-QLD, GA Publication, Geology, Published_External, Record, coasts, marine, mineral deposits
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Australian sedimentary parameters

Seabed sediment data were extracted from Geoscience Australia's MARine Sediment database (MARS - http://www.ga.gov.au/oracle/mars/). They include the percentage of carbonate in the sediment, and the percentage of mud, sand, or gravel size material found in seabed sediment samples, throughout the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone. The data grids were created using ArcGIS Inverse Distance Squared Weighted methodology.

Tags: Marine Data, Marine Geoscience, National dataset, Published_External, Sub bottom profiles, abiotic surrogates, marine, sedimentology
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Permian Productacea of Western Australia

The brachiopod super-family Productacea is represented in the Permian faunas of Western Australia by at least 34 species, many of which occur in at least two of the three major areas of marine Permian sediments. These areas, from north to south, are the Canning Basin, the Carnarvon Basin, and the Irwin Basin, together an area of approximately 150,000 square miles. The Permian succession in each of these basins begins with glacial sediments and is followed by a variety of sediments, marine and non-marine, with a total thickness of over 12,000 feet in the Carnarvon Basin. The marine formations are often richly fossiliferous, containing abundant remains of the Productacea. Study of the Western Australian material has enabled discussion of certain features, the function and taxonomic value of which are imperfectly understood. Important amongst these are the shell structure, attachment scar, musculature, trail, and the living position of the shell. The collection studied consisted of well over three thousand specimens, most of them well preserved. There are seven species of Aulosteges; the genus Dictyoclostus is represented by three species; the genus Krotovia (emended) by four species; the genus Linoproductus by three species; the genus Marginifera by one species; the genus Waagenoconcha by one species. Taeniothaerus, an Indo-Pacific genus, is represented by seven species, one of doubtful affinities. In the subfamily Strophalosiinae, Etheridgina, is represented by one species; Strophalosia by three species, one of them very doubtfully represented, and its subgenus Heteralosia by five species, one of these being doubtfully represented.

Tags: AU-WA, Bulletin, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, palaeontology
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network