AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Macreadie Seagrass Bathymetry 2015 (4499/20150044S)

The Macreadie Seagrass bathymetry survey was acquired by Deakin University Marine onboard the Motor Vessel Yolla over two days in 2015 (09/12/2015-10/12/2015) using a Kongsberg EM2040c.

Not to be used for navigational purposes

Tags: AusSeabed, Bass Strait (Great Australian Bight), Bathymetry, Delivery, awareness raising and engagement, Digital Delivery, EARTH SCIENCES, MV Yolla, Marine, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity, multi-beam echosounders
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Aquatic Substrate Library - Bolivar 2001

Record for source data hosted in the National Spectral Database (NSD) Aquatic Library

Citation:
Blackburn, D. T, and Dekker, A. G. (2007). “Remote sensing study of marine and coastal features and interpretation of changes in relation to natural and anthropogenic processes. Final Technical Report”. ACWS Technical Report No.6 prepared for the Adelaide Coastal Waters Study Steering Committee, July 2007 David Blackburn Environmental Pty Ltd and CSIRO Land and Water.

For further information and instructions to access the database go to the following URL:
https://cmi.ga.gov.au/data-products/dea/643/australian-national-spectral-database

Tags: Aquatic Substrate Library, Australian National Spectral Database (NSD), Australian spectral data, EARTH SCIENCES, End-member studies, Field spectroscopy, HVC_144490, NSD Source Dataset, Published_External, Remote sensing
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
High Seas Marine Protected Areas: Benthic environmental conservation priorities from a GIS analysis of global ocean biophysical data

In order to design a representative network of high seas marine protected areas (MPAs), an acceptable scheme is required to classify the benthic bioregions of the oceans.  Given the lack of sufficient biological information to accomplish this task, we used a multivariate statistical method with 6 biophysical variables (depth, seabed slope, sediment thickness, primary production, bottom water dissolved oxygen and bottom temperature) to objectively classify the ocean floor into 11 different categories, comprised of 53,713 separate polygons, that we have termed "seascapes".  Validation of the seascape classification was carried out by comparing the seascapes with an existing map of seafloor geomorphology, and by GIS analysis of the number of separate polygons and perimeter/area ratio. We conclude that seascapes, derived using a multivariate statistical approach, are biophysically meaningful subdivisions of the ocean floor and can be expected to contain different biological associations, in as much as different geomorphological units do the same. Our study illustrates how the identification of potential sites for high seas marine protected areas can be accomplished by GIS analysis of seafloor geomorphic and seascape classification maps.  Using this approach, maps of seascape and geomorphic heterogeneity were generated in which heterogeneity hot-spots identify themselves as MPA candidates.  The use of computer-aided mapping tools removes subjectivity in the MPA design process and provides greater confidence to stakeholders that an unbiased result has been achieved.

Tags: AU-EEZ, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, bathymetry, geomorphology, habitat, marine, marine park
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australian Multibeam Guidelines

The Australian Multibeam Guidelines were established by the AusSeabed consortium. The guidelines provide recommended procedures for survey planning, data acquisition and submission. They are designed for a range of audiences, from those experienced in seafloor mapping using multibeam sonar systems, non-experts who are developing mapping capabilities, and those contracting seafloor mapping surveys using swath systems. 

These guidelines aim to improve interoperability, discoverability and accessibility of MBES system data, and encourage improved acquisition standards to better meet end-user requirements. We acknowledge that to achieve such an aim, adaptation of the project might be necessary and could impact time and cost. However, in most cases, the inconvenience of varying parameters will be outweighed by the increased utility of the data to a wider user base.
These guidelines aim to provide a standard set of requirements for seafloor mapping activities conducted in Australian waters and comply with international initiatives (such as Seabed2030) to ensure that national efforts can provide global impact. They are designed to complement the purpose-based requirements and associated documentation related to specific survey requirements (e.g., hydrographic surveys; seabed infrastructure planning or installation).

The guidelines include a broad examination of data processing and guidance for data submission with recommendations for all three types of swath acoustic data (bathymetry, backscatter and water column backscatter) relevant across all water depths and adopt international guidelines where appropriate. They do not include instrument preparation activities such as bench/workshop tests, personnel requirements, or provide survey costing information. This revision of the Australian Multibeam Guidelines (version 2) contains information previously published in the Seafloor Mapping Field Manual for Multibeam Sonar (Lucieer et al., 2018) as chapter 8 (Multibeam acoustics for marine monitoring) and, as such, will also succeed the Seafloor Mapping Field Manual for Multibeam Sonar as chapter 3 in the second release of the National Environmental Science Program (NESP) Field manuals for Marine Sampling to Monitor Australian Waters (Przeslawski and Foster, 2018). The decision to make this extension to the guidelines and inclusion in the NESP suite of Field Manuals was made by AusSeabed and the NESP to allow both initiatives to continue with a single reference document to inform seabed mapping and eliminate the complications and community confusion associated with the maintenance of two reference documents with extensive overlap.

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, multibeam
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Fitzroy River Basin, Queensland, Australia. III. Identification of Sediment Sources in the Coastal Zone

Sediment sources to the Fitzroy River coastal zone have been identified and quantified using an integrated geochemical and modelling approach. Geochemical data indicate a sediment composition consistent with derivation from mixed catchment sources. The coastal sediments display little geochemical variation as a result of substantial homogenisation during hydrodynamic processes. A lack of substantial temporal geochemical variation in the sediment records indicates weathering regimes and hydrodynamic transport have been relatively consistent throughout the Holocene. Despite this apparent geochemical homogeneity, a modelling approach using a Bayesian statistical model revealed changes in catchment sediment sources over time. Variations in the occurrence and intensity of rainfall events in different parts of the catchment as well as catchment clearing and landuse changes following European settlement are likely to have had a substantial effect on the relative contributions of the catchment sources delivered to and deposited in the coastal zone. Additionally, large variations in flow events and variable estuary hydrodynamics result in different catchment soil types being delivered and deposited under different conditions. This study found that the proportion of basaltic material deposited in the coastal zone has increased in recent time and is now the dominant catchment source with an estimated enrichment of ca. 3 relative to catchment and estuary abundances. Basaltic soils present as a more recent and extensive, weathered surficial cover are more readily mobilised than other catchment soils and will be transported further within freshwater flood plumes. It is likely that in large flood events this basaltic material may reach the coral-dominated outer shelf. Improved land management practices to reduce sediment loads can be targeted to the areas supplying the majority of sediment to the coastal zone.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, geochemistry, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
A palynological report on FBH Port Campbell No 1 and 2 wells, Victoria

An examination of samples, prepared from main cores and certain cuttings from F.B.H. Port Campbell No.1 and No.2 wells, Victoria, has suggested a provisional means of correlating a portion of the Cretaceous sections of the wells. It is considered that part of the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) and probably the whole of the Upper Cretaceous is represented in the combined well sections and that portions of these sections are equivalent to a part at least of the outcropping Otway Group.

Tags: AU-VIC, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Basins of the Great Australian Bight : Geology and Petroleum Potential

In 1986, the Bureau of Mineral Resources (BMR) set out to rekindle
exploration interest in the Great Australian Bight and to answer some of
the perceived geological problems of the area, by conducting a regional
framework multichannel seismic survey with follow-up sampling and
heatflow work using the RfV Rig Seismic. At about the same time, the
South Australian Department of Mines and Energy (SADME) commenced a
project that involved re-interpreting existing company seismic data in
the Duntroon Basin and other areas in South Australian waters, with a
view to promoting a new round of exploration. In 1987, it was decided
that BMR and SADME should pursue a joint study, with the aim of covering
as much of the Great Australian Bight as possible. Areas of
responsibility were allocated such that SADME concentrated on the
shallow water Duntroon and Denman Basins, while BMR studied the deeper
water Great Australian Bight Basin (including the Eyre Sub-basin), the
Polda Trough, and the Bremer Basin further west. This folio is the
principal product of the joint study.
Since this report is the combined effort of two widely separated
organisations, it is inevitable that there will be some differences in
interpretation and style of presentation. While the editors (Stagg,
Cockshell, and Hill) have endeavoured to produce a final document that
is devoid of internal inconsistencies, no doubt some will still remain.

Tags: AU-SA, AU-WA, Earth Sciences, Published_External, Report, marine, petroleum geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Petrel Sub-basin Study 1995-1996 : Organic Geochemistry of Oils and Source Rocks

AGSO's 1995-96 Petrel Sub-basin Study was undertaken within AGSO's Marine, Petroleum and
Sedimentary Resources Division (MPSR) as part of MPSR's North West Shelf Project. The study was
aimed at understanding the stratigraphic and structural development of the basin as a framework for
more effective and efficient resource exploration. Specifically, the study aimed to:
- define the nature of the major basement elements underlying the Petrel Sub-basin and their
influence on the development of the basin through time,
- determine the nature and age of the events that have controlled the initiation, distribution and
tectonic evolution of the basin;
- define the nature and age of the basin fill, and the processes that have controlled its deposition and
deformation; and, importantly,
- determine the factors controlling the development and distribution of the basin's petroleum systems
and occurrences.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, organic geochemistry, petroleum geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
National Gravity Compilation 2019 CSCBA image

Gravity data measure small changes in gravity due to changes in the density of rocks beneath the Earth's surface. The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose. 
This National Gravity Compilation 2019 CSCBA image is an image derived from the 2019 Australian National Gravity Grids A series. These gravity data were acquired under the project No. 202008. The grid used to produce this image has a cell size of 0.00417 degrees (approximately 435m). The data are given in units of um/s^2, also known as 'gravity units', or gu. This gravity anomaly grid is derived from ground observations stored in the Australian National Gravity Database (ANGD) as at September 2019, supplemented by offshore data sourced from v28.1 of the Global Gravity grid developed using data from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego. Out of the approximately 1.8 million gravity observations, nearly 1.4 million gravity stations in the ANGD, and marine data were used to generate this grid. The ground gravity data used in this grid has been acquired by the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments, the mining and exploration industry, universities and research organisations from the 1940's to the present day. Station spacing varies from approximately 11 km down to less than 1 km, with major parts of the continent having station spacing between 2.5 and 7 km. Airborne surveys have a line spacing ranging from 0.5 km to 2.5 km. The image shows complete Bouguer anomalies (A series) over Australia and its continental margins. Terrain corrections to gravity were calculated using both offshore bathymetry and onshore topography data.

Tags: A series, Australia, Bouguer, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, None, Published_External, complete, digital data, geophysical survey, geophysics, grav, gravity, image, national, raster, spherical cap, survey 202008
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Magnetite beach-sands of Bougainville Island, Territory of Papua and New Guinea

Magnetite with combined titanium dioxide, the predominant heavy mineral of the Bougainville beach sands, is derived from the unconsolidated pyroclastic and alluvial aprons of recent-active andesitic volcanoes principally Mt. Balbi in the north, Mt. Bagana in the centre and Mt. Taroka in the south. The spectacular high concentrations of magnetite on the eastern coast are probably too small for consideration as iron ore deposits. Magnetite sand concentrations of economic importance may exist in the large areas of coastal plain, particularly on the western side of the island, which are obviously made up of a succession of old strands. Magnetic survey methods may be of value in delineating zones of magnetite concentration in these areas.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, PG, Published_External, Record, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
North-east Gippsland Basin and Southern New South Wales Margin : BMR Marine Survey 68 : Explanatory Notes to Accompany Release of Non-seismic Data

The purpose of this report is to summarise the processing techniques applied to the non-seismic geophysical data collected on BMR Marine Survey68, northeast Gippsland Basin and southern New South Wales margin. The cruise was conducted between 21 March and 15 April 1987.

Tags: AU-NSW, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geophysics, marine, marine survey
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
SSCN-SEGMENT-2-C Apollo Marine Park - Shallow Waters Bathymetry 2024 (20240001S)

This dataset is part of a broader survey carried out by EGS Survey Pty Ltd onboard the survey vessel RV Bold Explorer (RV BE) during the SUBCO Subsea Cable Network (SSCN) cable route survey.
The area is confined to the data within the Apollo Marine Park and was acquired between 24th Februarfy 2024 and the 5th March 2024.
The SUBCO Subsea Cable Network (SSCN) comprises a trunk route between Perth (Western Australia) and Sydney (New South Wales) with branches to Garden Island (Western Australia), Adelaide (South Australia), and Torquay (Victoria).
EGS Australia was contracted by OMS to supply hydrographic, geophysical, and geotechnical survey services, to provide data for engineering, construction, and subsequent maintenance of the SSCN Segment 2-C (BU TQW up to 206.3m WD). The primary purpose of the survey is to determine a viable and secure route for the cable system that is clear of excessive slopes (&gt;6°), sea floor conditions that will adversely affect ploughing and burial of the cable, and obstacles such as rock outcrops, cable spans, existing cables, pipelines, shipwrecks etc.
The SSCN Segment 2-C (BU TQW up to 206.3m WD) survey comprised an investigation of bathymetry, seabed features and shallow geology along the proposed route.
This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes.

Not to be used for navigational purposes

Tags: AusSeabed, Australia-wide geoscience data, Bass Strait (Great Australian Bight), Bathymetry, EARTH SCIENCES, Marine, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, RV Bold Explorer, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity, multi-beam echosounders
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Some aspects of lagoon sedimentation and circulation at One Tree Reef, Southern Great Barrier Reef

Observations of water movement at One Tree Reef under modal wind, wave, and tide conditions show that the lagoon currents are insufficient to entrain lagoon sediments and cannot account for the windward to leeward decrease in sediment size across the lagoon.  Bioturbation may suspend bottom material long enough for it to be transported a short distance by the ambient current, depending on the grain size and current velocity. In addition, low-frequency, high-energy events largely produce the same southeast to northwest movement of water observed under modal energy conditions and would be responsible for transporting and sorting large volumes of sediment over a short period. Patch reefs locally supply significant amounts of sediment directly to the lagoon, resulting in a local increase in sediment size and a characteristic build-up of material and extension of patch reefs to leeward. These observations are directly applicable to other reefs with well-developed lagoons in the southern Great Barrier Reef and may also apply to similar reefs in other parts of the Great Barrier Reef.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, QLD, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Arc-continent collision and orogenesis in western Tasmanides: insights from reactivated basement structures and formation of an ocean-continent transform boundary off western Tasmania

Crustal architecture in formerly contiguous basement terranes in SE Australia, Tasmania and northern Victoria Land is a legacy of late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian subduction-related processes, culminating in formation of the Delamerian-Ross orogen. Structures of Delamerian-Ross age were subsequently reactivated during late Mesozoic-Cenozoic Gondwana breakup, strongly influencing the geometry of continental rifting and providing clues about the origins and configuration of the pre-existing basement structures. An ocean-continent transform boundary developed off western Tasmania follows the trace of an older Paleozoic strike-slip structure (Avoca-Sorell fault) optimally oriented for reactivation during final separation of Australia from Antarctica. This boundary cuts across rocks preserving an earlier record of arc-continent collision during the course of which continental crust was subducted to mantle depths and Cambrian mafic-ultramafic island arc rocks were emplaced westwards over late Neoproterozoic passive margin sequences deposited during Rodinia breakup. Following a change to transcurrent motion along the Gondwana margin, Tasmania migrated northward along the Avoca fault system. This process arrested with entry of continental crust (Selwyn block) into a subduction zone located along the Heathcote-Governor fault systems, precipitating a second collision event accompanied by south-vergent thrusting, blueschist facies metamorphism and tectonic reworking of the already accreted Cambrian arc-forearc complex and underlying passive margin sequences.

Tags: AU-NSW, AU-TAS, AU-VIC, Article, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, continental margins, cultural boundaries, marine, structural geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The Search for Flight MH370 - Phase 2 Raw and Processed Data

On behalf of Australia, and in support of the Malaysian accident investigation, the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) led search operations for missing Malaysian Airlines flight MH370 in the Southern Indian Ocean. Geoscience Australia provided advice, expertise and support to the ATSB to facilitate marine surveys, which were undertaken to provide a detailed map of the sea floor topography to aid navigation during the underwater search. Prior to the Phase 1 bathymetric survey, very little was known about the sea floor in the MH370 search area, as few marine surveys have taken place in the area. Existing maps of the sea floor were coarse, having been derived from satellites and only providing a general indication of water depth. Before the underwater search for MH370 could begin, it was necessary to accurately map the sea floor to ensure that the search was undertaken safely and effectively. Survey vessels spent months at sea, scanning the sea floor with multibeam sonar and side scan sonar to gather detailed, high-resolution data.

This collation of datasets contains the high resolution raw and processed data acquired during Phase 2 of the search for MH370 as received by third party operators. The Phase 2 underwater search data was acquired by multiple vessels, including the Fugro Equator, Fugro Supporter, Fugro Discovery, Havila Harmony, Dong Hai Jiu 101 and Go Phoenix. Surveys were conducted using towed and autonomous underwater vehicles between September 2014 to January 2017, collecting over 121,000 square kilometres of high resolution data in the search area.

All material and data is subject to copyright. Please note the creative commons copyright notice and relating to the re-use of this material. Geoscience Australia's preference is that you attribute the datasets (and any material sourced from it) using the following wording: Source: Governments of Australia, Malaysia and the People's Republic of China, 2018. MH370 Phase 2 data - Raw and processed.

We honour the memory of those who have lost their lives and acknowledge the enormous loss felt by their loved ones.

Tags: MH370, Published_External, bathymetry, marine, sidescan sonar
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data