AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Machine-learning infilled radiometric grids of Australia - potassium (K), thorium (Th), and uranium (U), 2026

This dataset provides spatially continuous national grids of potassium (K), thorium (Th), and uranium (U) across Australia at a nominal 100 m cell size in the GDA2020 / Australian Albers projected coordinate system (EPSG:9473). The grids are derived from airborne radiometric survey data combined with modelled infill in areas where observations are absent.



Measured airborne radiometric data were compiled from Geoscience Australia’s Radiometric Map of Australia (radmap v4) and associated survey datasets, with additional recent survey coverage incorporated for Tasmania. Where observations are available, the grids retain measured values. In areas without coverage, values were estimated using a machine-learning approach based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) combined with residual correction, producing spatially consistent predictions.



The final products are provided on a 100 m grid to enable consistent national coverage; however, the spatial density and effective resolution of the underlying airborne survey data vary across regions. As a result, the grids represent a combination of measured and modelled values and should be interpreted accordingly. In infilled areas, values are derived from statistical relationships with environmental predictor variables (e.g. geology, terrain, and vegetation) and may therefore introduce dependencies if used in analyses involving similar inputs.

Tags: Australia-wide geoscience data, Earth sciences, GDA2020, Geology not elsewhere classified, Onshore National Geology, Published_External, Radiometrics, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity, airborne digital data, machine learning, potassium, radmap, thorium, uranium
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Jervis Bay Multibeam 2 Survey (GA-0305) - High Resolution Bathymetry Grid

The Jervis Bay Multibeam 2 survey, was acquired by Geoscience Australia after the purchase of the new shallow bathymetry acquisition systems Kongsberg EM3002D. This system is a mobile and compact system that can be installed on different vessels. This survey was acquired by the vessel, MV Kimbla during the 31st of May to the 5 of June 2008. The survey location was in Jervis Bay.

The aim of the survey was to test the new bathymetry acquisition system and to acquire geophysical data on the shallow water (less than 100m water depth) seabed environment. The bathymetry grids are of 1m resolution projected in Easting and Northing WGS84 UTM 56S

Tags: AU-ACT, AU-NSW, Bathymetry Grid, Earth Sciences, Marine Data, NERP, Published_External, bathymetry, continental shelf, marine, marine survey
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
SSCN SEGMENT 2-B Western Eyre Marine Park Bathymetry Acquisition (20240015S)

This dataset is part of a broader survey carried out by EGS onboard the survey vessel RV Bold Explorer (RV BE) during the  SUBCO Subsea Cable Network (SSCN) cable route survey. 

The area is confined to the data within the Western Eyre Marine Park. The Survey team and client representative joined the RV Bold Explorer on 17th April 2024 at Fremantle Port,  Australia. Following the embarkation of the survey team, equipment testing and commissioning was carried out. Calibration and verification of the DGPS positioning system and survey gyros onboard RV BE were performed while the vessel was alongside at Fremantle Port, Australia between 17th April and 18th April 2024. 

Prior to departure, tow sensors and hull-mounted sensors were wet tested. All systems were found to be operational. The RV Bold Explorer departed Fremantle Port, Australia and transited to the first site on 19th April 2024. The offshore calibration of shallow water multibeam echosounder (MBES) and USBL were performed on 19th April 2024 while the  calibration of deep water MBES was carried out on 20th April 2024.

The SSCN Segment 2-B survey comprised an investigation of bathymetry, seabed features and shallow geology along the proposed route. A subsequent geotechnical sampling programme was also executed.

This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes.

Tags: AusSeabed, Australia-wide geoscience data, EARTH SCIENCES, HVC_144641, Multibeam, Oceans, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity, bathymetry, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Agricultural Mapping with Digital Earth Africa

The chapter demonstrates how high-quality, ‘off-the-shelf’ satellite image composites can overcome common challenges in classification workflows, such as the ‘curse of dimensionality’ and computational demand. It also introduces readers and users to Digital Earth Africa products and services, and modes of access, especially through the&nbsp;sits&nbsp;R package.

Tags: Data models, Digital Earth Africa, Earth and space science informatics, Published_External, agriculture, earth observation, storage and indexing
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Accessory mineral dating of the Boree Salt in the Adavale Basin, Queensland, Australia

Rock salt caverns are recognized as a promising option for underground hydrogen storage. However, our understanding of evaporite sequences is frequently limited by poorly constrained depositional ages. Here, we present morphometrics and U–Pb isotope data from zircon, apatite, and rutile grains recovered from the Boree Salt, Adavale Basin, Australia. Zircon grains are subhedral and yield a range of U–Pb ages with a youngest cluster at 378 ± 4 Ma. Apatite and rutile grains are subhedral to anhedral and have youngest age clusters of 382 ± 29 Ma and 378 ± 24 Ma, respectively, indistinguishable from zircon U–Pb ages. These data provide the first direct age constraint on salt deposition in the Adavale Basin, indicating a maximum depositional age (MDA) of ca. 378 Ma for the Boree Salt during the Late Devonian, younger than a previously inferred Middle Devonian age. A review of the MDAs for neighboring strata to the Boree Salt suggests a bedded rather than diapiric salt. The constraint on salt structure from age context is relevant for the engineering of hydrogen storage caverns. Importantly, this study highlights the potential of accessory minerals recovered from salt to provide direct age constraints on evaporite deposition.

<b>Citation:</b> Yi, Jiankang, Kirkland, C.L., Barham, M., Danišík, M., Feitz, A.;  Accessory mineral dating of the Boree Salt in the Adavale Basin, Queensland, Australia. <i>Journal of the Geological Society</i>, (2026) 183 (2): jgs2025-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2025-171

Tags: Age dating, Devonian, Isotope Geochemistry, Published_External, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity, Salt
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Regional Copper Isotope Variations in the Giant Mount Isa Copper Mineral System—Toward a Basinal Origin

Analysis of regionally altered mafic rocks for δ56Fe and δ65Cu in the Mount Isa mineral province has identified a 25- × 50-km 65Cu-enriched zone to the east of the Mount Isa copper deposit. This δ65Cu anomaly coincides with the northern part of a zone enriched in 56Fe and depleted in copper. The timing of basalt alteration and the zones of 65Cu enrichment and copper enrichment overlap, such that the high δ65Cu zone is interpreted to mark the minimum extent of the mineral system that formed the Mount Isa copper deposit.

The observed 65Cu enrichment in the altered mafic rocks can be modeled as residual copper left from copper depletion of the basalt, assuming that Rayleigh isotopic fractionation enriched the residual basalt in 65Cu, closely matching the observed spatial distribution. Copper isotope, light stable isotope, and geochemical data from the ores and altered mafic rocks suggest that the ore fluid was an evolved brine sourced either from the Isa and/or Roper superbasins after the main contractional phase of the Isan orogeny, and not a metamorphic or magmatic-hydrothermal fluid.

Modeling of chalcopyrite deposition via Rayleigh fractionation using the δ65Cu value of the modeled ore fluid results in an increase in δ65Cu away from the point of ore fluid entry of about 0.8 to 1.0‰, consistent with an increase in δ65Cu of ~1.0‰ away from major structures, as noted in a previous study. In addition to contributing to genetic understandings of mineral system processes, δ65Cu data may enhance mineral exploration by identifying metal sources and deposit-scale zonation related to ore deposition.

<b>Citation:</b> Huston, D.L., Mathur, R., Sanislav, I., Cloutier, J., Champion, D., Lisitsin, V., Whelan, J., Simon, A.C. and del Real, I. 2025, Regional Copper Isotope Variations in the Giant Mount Isa Copper Mineral System—Toward a Basinal Origin, <i>Economic Geology</i>, vol. 120, no. 7, pp. 1735–1750, https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.5177.

Tags: Copper isotopes, EARTH SCIENCES, GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOLOGY, Metallogenesis, Mount Isa Mineral Province, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Regional planning interests - Strategic environmental area

Identifies the Strategic Environmental Areas(SEA) throughout Queensland. These areas include Cape York Peninsula, the Gulf Country, the Chanel Country, Fraser Island, Wide Bay Burnett, Far North Queensland, and North Queensland. SEAs identify areas where the impact of a prescribed activity will not result in a widespread or irreversible impact on an environmental attribute of a strategic environmental area. The SEAs are prescribed within the Regional Planning Interests Regulation 2014 or within a Regional Plan.

Organization: State Development, Infrastructure and Planning
Forster Pacific Palms Cape Hawke, NSW Backscatter 2019 (20190159S)

The Forster Pacific Palms Cape Hawke, NSW, multibeam survey was acquired by the NSW government (Department of Planning and Environment – DPE) onboard the Research Vessel Bombora during the period 01/MAR/2019 – 12/AUG/2022, using DPE’s R2Sonic 2022 multibeam sonar. The survey was completed as part of the SeabedNSW program funded by NSW government through Coastal Reforms (&gt;2015), HabMap Program funded through Marine Parks Authority (now under Marine Estate Management Authority) or through collaborations with partner agencies or institutions. The purpose of the project was to 1) provide a baseline dataset and 2) map the spatial distribution of seabed types. This dataset contains 32-bit floating point geotiff files of bathymetry and backscatter in 5m resolution for the study area, derived from the processed Hypack, R2Sonic GUI, POSView, POSPac, Qimera and FMGT software. General details on vessel setup, mobilisation and processing are provided at https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Research/Our-science-and-research/seabed-nsw-standard-operating-procedures-multibeam-surveying-190101.pdf with survey specific details in the Survey Report and DPIE Rigor Statement.

Not to be used for navigational purposes

Tags: AusSeabed, Backscatter, Bathymetry, Delivery, awareness raising and engagement, Digital Delivery, EARTH SCIENCES, Marine, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, RV Bombora, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity, Tasman Sea, multi-beam echosounders
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
A geochemical characterisation of the Loch Lilly-Kars Belt in the Delamerian Orogen.

The Loch Lilly-Kars (LLK) Belt lies within the Delamerian Orogen and is broadly along strike from rocks that are prospective for a variety of mineral systems. However, the geology and tectonic setting of the belt is not well constrained due to extensive cover. This study compiled existing and collected new geochemical data from mafic to intermediate, Cambrian- and Siluro-Devonian rocks from the LLK Belt to: 

a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;determine whether the Cambrian rocks are geochemically equivalent to the Mount Wright and Stavely ‘arcs’, thereby supporting the presence of a large arc system; and,

b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;geochemically characterise the poorly understood Siluro-Devonian rocks.

Data and rocks analysed in this study were sourced from Geoscience Australia’s and the Geological Survey of South Australia’s MinEx CRC National Drilling Initiative campaigns in the Delamerian Orogen and legacy drillholes from NSW and SA.

&nbsp;Our analyses, together with new U-Pb geochronology, have broadly distinguished two temporally, geochemically and spatially distinct Cambrian magmatic events in the LLK Belt:

1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ca. 515–495 Ma event is characterised by three distinct geochemical groups with calc-alkaline affinity and continental arc-like signatures, spatially restricted to a northeast-trending domain in the northwest of the LLK Belt.

2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ca. 500 Ma event containing two geochemically distinct groups with tholeiitic and back-arc like compositions within a subparallel belt southeast of the calc-alkaline groups.

These findings suggest the LLK Belt developed in a continental arc setting after ca.&nbsp;515&nbsp;Ma, transitioning to an arc-back-arc system by ca. 500&nbsp;Ma. Although there are geochemical similarities between rocks in the LLK Belt, the Mount Wright and Stavely ‘arcs’, our analysis reveals notable differences. 

Intermediate to mafic, Siluro-Devonian rocks in the LLK Belt fall into three geochemical groups of calc-alkaline and transitional affinities, all with evidence of a subduction influence—potentially the result of inheritance from a Cambrian, subduction-modified source.

Presented at the Australian Earth Sciences Convention (AESC) 2026.

Tags: Deep dive projects, Delamerian Deep Dive, Delamerian Orogen, Igneous geochemistry, Inorganic Geochemistry, Loch Lilly-Kars Belt, Published_External, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Applying multi-disciplinary groundwater geoscience to enhance regional hydrogeological knowledge through case studies from the Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre and Georgina basins

As part of the Exploring for the Future Program, Geoscience Australia completed basin-scale hydrogeological assessments to improve data availability and knowledge of several large, cross-border groundwater systems. These studies, which recognised the limited nature of prior basin-wide groundwater data integration and analysis, focused on the Cenozoic sediments of the Kati Thanda – Lake Eyre Basin in central Australia and the Cambrian Limestone Aquifer in the Georgina Basin&nbsp;(northern Australia). The results and key findings of these assessments were released in mid-2024 in technical reports and datasets through Geoscience Australia’s Data and Publications Catalogue.



Our investigations applied novel analysis and integration methods to uplift the value of existing geoscientific and hydrological datasets and enhance the regional-scale conceptual understanding of regional groundwater flow systems. For example, we applied multi-faceted analysis approaches to assign aquifers to unclassified groundwater bores, thereby substantially increasing regional-scale aquifer attribution in areas with low data availability. We also used existing airborne electromagnetics data to improve knowledge of aquifer architecture and groundwater flow systems in key locations, such as the Lawn Hill (Boodjamulla) Springs in north-west Queensland and the Cooper Creek Floodplain. These, and other complementary geoscience approaches, have enhanced our understanding of key hydrogeological features, such as the extent and thickness of hydrostratigraphic units and their basin-scale architecture, regional groundwater flow system characteristics, and the variability of hydrochemical parameters. This improved understanding supports ongoing resource management, and contributes to accessible, nationally consistent groundwater data and insights for communities, industry, researchers, and decision-makers.



The integrated, multi-disciplinary hydrogeological assessment methods used during Exploring for the Future will be further refined and applied to future basin-scale groundwater studies under the Resourcing Australia's Prosperity initiative. Our initial scoping has identified the Carpentaria and Karumba basins in northern Queensland as the next area for application of these regional-scale investigative approaches.

Presented at the Australian Earth Sciences Convention (AESC) 2026.

Tags: Cambrian Limestone Aquifer, EFTF – Exploring for the Future, Georgina Basin, Groundwater hydrology, Kati Thanda - Lake Eyre Basin, National resource assessments, Published_External, Regional hydrogeological assessments, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity, Stratigraphy (incl. biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy and basin analysis), groundwater investigations, multi-disciplinary groundwater geoscience
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Measurement of Lithospheric Anisotropy across Australia from AusArray network

Understanding Australia’s lithospheric history is important in decoding its surface and near-surface geology. The Australian passive seismic array project, AusArray, initially funded through the Exploring for the Future (EFTF) program and now continuing with an expanded deployment as part of the Resourcing Australia's Prosperity initiative, provides a unique opportunity to investigate lithospheric structure across the continent. One key method for this investigation is shear-wave splitting analysis of SKS phases, which is sensitive to seismic anisotropy in the lithosphere on the station side. SKS splitting measurements reveal the orientation and strength of anisotropy, offering insights into past and present lithospheric deformation, mantle flow, and structural variations. By analysing data from the AusArray national 2-degree deployment and the permanent seismic stations in Australia, we can map anisotropic variations across the continent, shedding light on lithospheric structure and its history.

Presented at 2025 Australasian Exploration Geoscience Conference (AEGC)

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, lithospheric structure, seismic anisotropy, shear-wave splitting
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Advancing Radiometric Mapping in Australia: Bridging Gaps and Enhancing Mineral Exploration

This study advances radiometric mapping in Australia by applying machine learning and deep learning to enhance potassium concentration predictions from airborne gamma-ray spectrometric surveys. Addressing gaps in national radiometric data, which are caused by logistical and regulatory challenges, impacts effective environmental management and mineral exploration.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Traditional interpolation methods like Inverse Distance Weighting and Kriging are compared with advanced machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest and XGBoost, and deep learning models such as Simple Net and Transformer. The research uses a dataset integrated with 25 geospatial layers to evaluate the models across various data gap scenarios. An important finding is the challenge in predicting extreme values, where both traditional and some machine learning methods often underperform due to premature convergence at local minima within non-convex optimization landscapes. Future improvements might include utilizing sophisticated initialization schemes and adaptive learning rates to enhance the capability of deep learning models in handling these extremes, potentially significantly improving predictive accuracy over traditional methods.



Presented at the IGARSS 2025 - IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

Tags: EFTF – Exploring for the Future, Geology not elsewhere classified, Published_External, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity, deep learning, machine learning, radiometric mapping
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Toward a More Accessible and Responsive Australian Fundamental Gravity Network

Significant steps are being made to modernise the Australian Fundamental Gravity Network (AFGN) to better serve its users in resource exploration, geodesy, and environmental studies. This work includes cleaning and verifying station data, expanding network coverage in under-served regions, and investigating alternative absolute gravimeter technologies. By exploring the practicalities of field-based absolute gravimetry and strategic station placement, the AFGN is poised to remain an adaptable, high-precision network to provide long spatial wavelength coherence in gravity data for a wide variety of gravity mapping applications.

Presented at the 2025 Australasian Exploration Geoscience Conference (AEGC)

Tags: Applied geophysics, Published_External, RAPi, absolute gravimeter, australian fundamental gravity network, database modernization, gravity, gravity network
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Evolution of Late Pennsylvanian to Middle Triassic Failed Rift Systems Across eastern Australia

Late Pennsylvanian–Middle Triassic Basins in eastern Australia offer insights into the breakup of Pangea. Despite well-documented sedimentary fills, their origins and relationships remain unclear due to limited data. Recent interpretations of the Cooper Basin suggest it is a failed rift system. Data from several other basins suggest they have a similar fill and tectonic history. The complex of rift systems were driven by global late Pennsylvanian to middle Permian extension. Subsequent lithospheric cooling had a profound impact on the Late Triassic–Cretaceous stratal evolution of the region.

Presented at the 2025 Australasian Exploration Geoscience Conference (AEGC)

Tags: Cooper Basin, Geoscience Knowledge Sharing, Permian, Published_External, Rift, Stratigraphy (incl. biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy and basin analysis), graben
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The role of groundwater in understanding near-surface geochemical interface. Insights from the Georgina Basin.

Groundwater and regolith are intimately linked through a range of geochemical processes that govern element mobility, redox transitions, and mineral stability in the near-surface environment. While regolith studies have traditionally focused on solid-phase geochemistry, groundwater offers a complementary and often underutilised perspective, acting as both a transport medium and a geochemical archive. By examining groundwater chemistry, we can gain new insights into the evolution of weathering profiles, the provenance of geochemical anomalies, and the long-term cycling of elements within the earth.

This talk presents an integrated approach to understand groundwater–regolith interactions. We explore how groundwater geochemistry can reflect and influence redox boundaries as well as help extrapolate geochemical anomalies that are observed from drill-holes. Using the Georgina Basin in northern Australia as a case study, we investigated groundwater chemistry alongside whole-rock and isotope geochemistry from nine drillholes in the Cambrian Limestone Aquifer. Two key geochemical interfaces were identified: a ‘supergene zone’ (~10–30 m) and a ‘water-intercept zone’ (~40–75 m). These interfaces mark redox transitions and are composed of minerals with high adsorption capacity (e.g. clays, Fe/Mn [oxihydr]oxides), which are enriched in critical and strategic elements (i.e. Cu, Zn, P). 

Diagnostic Pb isotope signatures support the interpretation that these enriched interfaces are reflecting mineralisation within the Georgina Basin, consistent with known sediment-hosted Zn-Pb systems. The combined groundwater and rock chemistry enabled development of a conceptual model where deeper primary mineralisation undergoes chemical weathering, releasing elements into groundwater. These elements are transported and re-concentrated at shallower redox-controlled interfaces. These zones act as both chemical traps and prospective sampling targets for exploration. This study demonstrates the understanding we can gain by considering the geochemical interactions between groundwater, rock, mineralisation and regolith, which can provide new insights into landscape evolution processes and offer a complementary tool for regional mineral exploration.

Presented at the Australian Earth Sciences Convention (AESC) 2026.

Tags: EFTF – Exploring for the Future, Geochemistry, Georgina Basin, Inorganic Geochemistry, Published_External, groundwater systems, hydrogeochemistry, redox, regolith
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data