AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Pliocene-Pleistocene glaciomarine sedimentation in eastern Prydz Bay and development of the Prydz trough-mouth fan, ODP Sites 1166 and 1167, East Antarctica

Lithostratigraphy, grain sizes and down-hole logs of Site 1166 on the continental shelf, and Site 1167 on the upper slope, are analyzed to reconstruct glacial processes in eastern Prydz Bay and the development of the Prydz trough-mouth fan. In eastern Prydz Bay upper Pliocene-lower Pleistocene glaciomarine sediments occur interbedded with open-marine muds and grade upward into waterlaid tills and subglacial tills. Lower Pleistocene sediments of the trough-mouth fan consist of coarse-grained debrites interbedded with bottom-current deposits and hemipelagic muds, indicating repeated advances and retreats of the Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system with respect to the shelf break. Systematic fluctuations in lithofacies and down-hole logs characterize the upper Pliocene-lower Pleistocene transition at Sites 1166 and 1167 and indicate that an ice stream advanced and retreated within the Prydz Channel until the mid Pleistocene. The record from Site 1167 shows that the grounding line of the Lambert Glacier did not extend to the shelf break after 0.78 Ma. Published ice-rafted debris records in the Southern Ocean show peak abundances in the Pliocene and the early Pleistocene, suggesting a link between the nature of the glacial drainage system as recorded by the trough-mouth fans and increased delivery of ice-rafted debris to the Southern Ocean.

Tags: AQ, Antarctic data, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, geomorphology, marine, sedimentary basins
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Holocene Palaeo-Environmental changes, central to north Great Barrier Reef inner zone

Fringing reefs and storm ridges, from inner-shelf sites on the Great Barrier Reef between 14Â° and 20Â° S, are examined for Holocene sea-level and climatic changes. The sites all lie close to the line along which the sea level of 5500 yr B. P. is thought, on isostatic grounds, to have been + 1 m. Coral microatolls are used as indicators of former sea levels on fringing reefs.  45 radiocarbon results from 11 sites range between 360 and 5855 yr B. P., and their age/height distribution shows that sea level fell smoothly from + 1 m at 6000 yr B. P. to its present position. Confidence limits on the sea-level trend are Â±0.2 m; and no evidence for secondary oscillations of sea level has been found. With reference to climate, coral shingle and shell storm-ridge sequences at 5 places (total of 8 traverses) were surveyed and dated. Results from the best sequence (Princess Charlotte Bay) show that the average recurrence interval of major ridge-building storms is about 80 yr. Statistics of the series of storm-ridge ages do not show any identifiable changes in frequency of ridge building over the last 4000 yr and perhaps 6000 yr. It is concluded that evidence for climatic changes in the northern Great Barrier Reef in the last 6000 yr has not yet been found. The direction of continuing studies is outlined.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, QLD, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Bight Basin Geological Sampling and Seepage Survey: R/V Southern Surveyor Survey SS01/2007

The Bight Basin Sampling and Seepage Survey (SS01/2007), was undertaken in February-March 2007 as the final data acquisition activity of the Commonwealth Government's New Petroleum Program (2003-2007). The survey was designed to address two key petroleum systems issues in the Bight Basin. In order to assist in our understanding of the distribution of source rocks in the basin, the survey aimed to sample the distal facies of potential source intervals of Albian-Santonian age at locations on the seaward edges of the Ceduna and Eyre Terraces. Secondly, the survey aimed to investigate the presence of active petroleum systems by sampling and obtaining geophysical data at potential natural hydrocarbon seepage sites across the Ceduna Sub-basin.

Nine areas of interest were identified for surveying in the eastern Bight Basin, including areas where the targeted Albian-Santonian section outcrops on the seafloor, and areas where there was seismic and other geophysical and remotely sensed evidence of possible hydrocarbon seepage. The survey, took place from 24 February-17 March 2007 using the Marine National Facility vessel R/V Southern Surveyor.

The survey successfully sampled all nine targeted areas and collected 37 dredge hauls, 69 gravity cores and 15 grab samples, as well as 4600 km of swath data, and 2400 km of sub-bottom profile data.

The Bight Basin Sampling and Seepage Survey was very successful in addressing the most critical of its objectives, recovering samples from the exposed up-dip northwestern edge of the Ceduna Sub-basin that provide the first evidence for a world-class marine Cretaceous source rock in the Bight Basin.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, marine, marine survey, petroleum geology, sedimentary basins
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Fossil shell stories (primary)

Fossil shells can tell us about past environments. This video presents examples of shell fossils that help us to understand where oceans were located in Australia millions of years ago. The shells lived in shallow marine environments before they died and became part of the rocks formed from sand and silt at the bottom of the water. Brachiopods from Woolshed Creek in Canberra and a large spiral shell from the Nullarbor Plain are showcased along with an elevation map of Australia.

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Educational Product, Fossils, Published_External, classroom resource, education, video
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Cyclone Summaries 1900-2015

This dataset is a summary of global cyclone frequency. Data on the tracks of cyclones since 1900 was sourced from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). The lines of each cyclone were summarised over a 1 degree grid and the number of unique storms and the length of each track in each grid was generated.

https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ibtracs/index.php?name=ibtracs-data

Tags: Atmosphere | Atmospheric Phenomena | Cyclones, Atmosphere | Atmospheric Phenomena | Storms
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
National Base Map WMTS

The National Base Map service provides seamless topographic colour mapping for the whole of Australia, including the outer islands of Norfolk, Lord Howe &amp; Macquarie Islands, the external territories of Cocos (Keeling), Christmas, Heard and McDonald Islands and the Australian Antarctic Territory. The service consists of data sourced from Geoscience Australia, Australian Antarctic Division &amp; OpenStreetMap. The data for Christmas Island has been sourced from the Christmas Island Edition 1 NATMAP Topographic Mapping dataset (1:30,000 scale). The data for Cocos (Keeling) Islands has been sourced from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Edition 1 NATMAP Topographic Mapping dataset (1:25,000 scale). Vegetaion for the the Australian continent is an aggregated layer from ACLUMP (Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program). The topographic information was checked in 2008 using satellite imagery, and supplemented using other sources in 2009. Limited field checking has been undertaken for these data and therefore some information may not be accurate. Information and assistance was supplied by the Attorney General's Department (Territories of Australia) and Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (Parks Australia). Geoscience Australia gratefully acknowledges contibutions to data content.) When viewing the map of mainland Australia beyond 1:100,000 scale, the data is derived from the Geoscience Australia GEODATA TOPO 250K product, except roads which are OpenStreetMap data, and in from 1:100,000 scale the data is derived from OpenStreetMap data ( © OpenStreetMap contributors). The suburbs layer is sourced from the Suburb 2018 and 2020 data, Australian Bureau of Statistics. The map portrays detailed graphic representations of features that appear on the Earth's surface. These features include cultural, hydrography, marine, transport, vegetation and relief themes. The SRTM data was acquired by NASA in February 2000 and was publicly released under Creative Commons licensing from November 2011 in ESRI Grid format. The SRTM DEM has quite different characteristics to DEMs derived by interpolation from topographic data. The SRTM data is derived from radar measurements that are dense (there is essentially a measurement at almost every grid cell) but noisy. The main processing of the SRTM DEM product has included: stripe removal, void filling and vegetation offset removal. Processing methods are further described in the 1 and 3 second SRTM Derived Products User Guide (Geoscience Australia, 2011). The bathymetry image used for this map is sourced from Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com.

Tags: Australia, Earth Sciences, Islands, National Base Map, National Map, Published_External, Topography, WMTS, base map, topographic, web service
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
2019 B-Series De-trended Global Isostatic Residual Gravity Map of Australia

The main part of this map is a Hue-Saturation-Intensity (HSI) image of De-trended Global Isostatic Residual Gravity data (DGIR) based on the B Series of the 2019 Australian National Gravity Grids. This series of grids represent the combination of 1.4 million ground gravity observations stored in the Australian National Gravity Database (ANGD) as of September 2019; 345,000 line km of Airborne Gravity and 106,000 line km of gravity gradiometry data in the National Australian Geophysical Database (NAGD), and the Global Gravity Grid developed at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego using data from the United States SIO, NOAA and NGA. The ground and airborne gravity data have been acquired by the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments, the mining and exploration industry, universities and research organisations from the 1940’s to the present day. 

The shading of the image is from the northwest and the colour scale is linear from -500 µm.s-2 (blue) to +500 µm.s-2 (red).

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, GEOPHYSICS, Isostatic Correction, NCI, Published_External, airborne, de-trended, de-trended isostatic, gravity, ground gravity, isostatic residual, marine gravity
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Seafloor bathymetry flythrough of Australia's Antarctic Territory

This flythrough presents seabed bathymetry compilations for the Australian Antarctic margin. 

The bathymetry data presented is derived from a combination multibeam, singlebeam and satellite data (namely ETOPO2). There are few areas of the Antarctic margin with high quality multibeam data, but where present, such as off the Davis coastline, these data reveal a complex seabed environment. Bathymetry data is a powerful tool for mapping seabed environments and predicting the potential distributions of biological communities. 

Images showing different types of seabed communities are included for the George V margin and the Davis coastline.

Tags: AQ, AU, Antarctic data, Earth Sciences, Flythrough, Multimedia, Published_External, bathymetry, marine, seabed
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Geological Framework of the Southern Lord Howe Rise/West Norfolk Ridge Region : Project 121.30 : Post Cruise Report

Project 121.30 - "Lord Howe Rise and Norfolk Ridge 'Law of Sea' Study" -was initiatedto improve our understanding of the geological framework of the southern part of theLord Howe Rise region, in the vicinity of the Australia/New Zealand seabed boundary zone.

The major objectives of the project are:
To investigate the structure, stratigraphy and basin development of the southern LordHowe Rise, southern New Caledonia Basin and the West Norfolk Ridge.

To assess the resource potential of the major structural features within the region.

To determine the tectonic framework, crustal characteristics and evolution of the region, and attempt to understand the processes that have produced narrow strips of thinned and extended continental lithosphere ("ribbon continents") separated bynarrow ocean basins.

To acquire data to assist with the definition of Australia's 'legal' Continental Shelf on the southwestern margin of the Lord Howe Rise.

Because of the presence of Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island, Australia has laid claim to a large part of the seabed in the region, enveloped by a 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) around each island, plus areas of 'legal' ContinentalShelf beyond the EEZ. The total area of Australia's 'legal' Continental Shelf in the Lord Howe Rise region would be about 1.65 million km2. While the seabed boundary in the northern part of the region has been negotiated between Australia and France, there is not, as yet, a negotiated boundary between Australia and New Zealand in the southernLord Howe Rise/West Norfolk Ridge region.

The proposal for Survey 114 was to acquire approximately 3250 km of multichannelseismic and associated geophysical data. The data was acquired mainly on longregional lines, two of which extended from the Tasman Basin to the Norfolk Basin, using a 3000 m streamer (120 x 25 m groups), 49 litre sleeve gun arrays, 16 secondrecords, and 30-fold coverage.

The ship departed Sydney at 2000 hrs on Friday, 6 November 1992, and, after transitingthrough rough seas, arrived in the study area on the evening of 9 November. The cablewas deployed and balanced by midnight, 10 November. The next twenty one days wasspent shooting deep crustal (16 sec.) seismic . During this period a total of 3191 km ofseismic was shot, over 70% with two gun arrays operating. This was achieved in spiteof 3.5 days loss as a result of bad weather and 20 hours loss for cable repairs as a resultof fish bites. Seismic acquisition ceased on the afternoon of 1 December. The shipreturned to Sydney at 1730 hrs on Thursday, 3 December.

Overall, the quality of the seismic data was very good. When shooting the two verylong lines, the weather remained reasonably calm, and so noise levels were withinspecifications.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geology, marine, marine survey, seismics
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
National Gravity Compilation 2019 includes airborne tilt image

Gravity data measure small changes in gravity due to changes in the density of rocks beneath the Earth's surface. The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose. 
This National Gravity Compilation 2019 includes airborne tilt image is derived from the 2019 Australian National Gravity Grids B series. These gravity data were acquired under the project No. 202008. The national grid has a cell size of 0.00417 degrees (approximately 435m). This gravity anomaly grid is derived from ground observations stored in the Australian National Gravity Database (ANGD) as at September 2019, supplemented with offshore data sourced from v28.1 of the Global Gravity grid developed using data from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego. Airborne gravity and gravity gradiometry data were also included to provide better resolution to areas where ground gravity data was not of a suitable quality. Out of the approximately 1.8 million gravity observations, nearly 1.4 million gravity stations in the ANGD together with Airborne Gravity surveys totaling 345,000 line km and 106,000 line km of Airborne Gravity Gradiometry were used to generate this grid. The ground gravity data used in this grid has been acquired by the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments, the mining and exploration industry, universities and research organisations from the 1940's to the present day. Station spacing varies from approximately 11 km down to less than 1 km, with major parts of the continent having station spacing between 2.5 and 7 km. Airborne surveys have a line spacing ranging from 0.5 km to 2.5 km. Terrain corrections to gravity were calculated using both offshore bathymetry and onshore topography data. The image shows the tilt filter of the complete Bouguer anomalies (B series) over Australia and its continental margins.

Tags: Australia, B series, Bouguer, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, None, Published_External, airborne, complete, digital data, geophysical survey, geophysics, gradiometry, grav, gravity, grid, image, marine, raster, round, satellite, spherical cap, survey 202008, tilt
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Merri Marine Sanctuary Bathymetry 2014 (4889/20140011S)

The Merri Marine Sanctuary bathymetry survey was acquired by Deakin University Marine Mapping lab onboard the Motor Vessel Yolla over four days in 2014 (10/03, 11/03, 30/03, 01/04) using a Kongsberg EM2040c. These data were collected as part of a Parks Victoria project to map the seafloor inside the marine sanctuary and in several locations outside to help associate southern rock lobster with seafloor habitats.

Not to be used for navigational purposes

Tags: AusSeabed, Australia-wide geoscience data, Bass Strait (Great Australian Bight), Bathymetry, EARTH SCIENCES, Great Australian Bight, MV Yolla, Marine, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, Resourcing Australia's Prosperity, multi-beam echosounders
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
WAMSI Node 2.2.2- An understanding of the multi-decadal trends in the Leeuwin Current

The dataset comprises output from 10 general circulation ocean models contributing to the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The models span the globe however a subset encompassing the Indonesian Throughflow and Leeuwin Current region in the East Indian Ocean has been extracted. Ocean horizontal resolutions of the models range from approximately 1 degree to 2.5 degree, and vertical resolutions expand from the surface to their maximum depths. Outputs cover the period from late 1800's to 2100 (2200 for some models) with monthly outputs of zonal and meridioanl current velocity, wind speed and stress of the full 3-dimensional fields.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Risks Posed to the Antarctic Marine Environment by Acoustic Isntruments, a Structured Analysis

The risks posed by a range of acoustic scientific instruments were assessed by the construction of matrices of scale and likelihood. We recognized six levels of impact ranging from none or short term, minimal behavioural response (Level 1) to multiple injuries and fatalities and/or compromised populations (Level 6) and six levels of likelihood ranging from 'Expected in almost all instances' (Level 1) to 'cannot see how it could happen' (Level 6). Typical scientific instruments ranging from acoustic releases to large air gun arrays were assessed. To provide a perspective for the risks of scientific operations, other activities were also ranked. These included large chemical explosions, submarine detection sonars implicated in some mass strandings of cetaceans and normal Antarctic shipping activities. The conclusion reached was that most scientific instruments pose a similar or lower risk than normal shipping operations. High source-level equipment poses some risk to individual animals' hearing and so should be mitigated. Likewise, survey planning should be designed to avoid trapping animals in narrow, constricted sea ways. Long term, cumulative impacts are still difficult to detect in areas with greater anthropogenic noise than the Antarctic but we concluded that any possible long term impacts should be mitigated by maintaining the low levels of activity using high source-level equipment through data sharing and survey planning.

Tags: AQ, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine survey
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy: an assessment of foraminiferal and sedimentation events in the Eocene of the Otway Basin, southeastern Australia

From a study of middle to late Eocene calcareous nannofossil assemblages in four sections in the Otway Basin of southeastern Australia, a sequence of biostratigraphic events has been deduced, spanning the interval from the lowest appearance of Cyclicargolithus reticulatus (middle Eocene) to the disappearance of Discoaster saipanensis (latest Eocene). The sequence is compared with its coumerpart in New Zealand, and is placed against the planktic foraminiferal P. zones of the tropics. The previously determined foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the sections studied has been compared with the nannofossil biostratigraphy, and, as a result, the local highest appearance of the foraminiferid Acarinina primitiva is now placed in zone P. l3 of the tropics , and not P.12 or P.14, as previously. The disappearance up the section of the foraminiferid Acarinina collactea is found to be locally inconsistent with other evidence. During the middle Eocene, marine ingressions, represented by isolated nannofossil assemblages, occurred in the Gambier Embayment of the western Otway Basin, but did not reach the Browns Creek area, eastern Otway Basin, attesting to the diachroneity of Eocene marine sedimentation in the basin . The diachroneity is also indicated by transgressive rock units in the Gambier Embayment. The ingressions seem to coincide with a major change in the sea-floor spreading rate south of Australia. During the latest middle to early late Eocene, a major transgression began synchronously in widely separated areas across the basin. The upper Eocene section in the Gambier Embayment represents condensed sedimentation and ends in a sharp disconformity, indicated by the simultaneous disappearance of Cyclicargolithus reticulatus and Discoaster saipanensis. At Browns Creek, that part of the section between the highest appearances of C. reticulatus and D. saipanensis is thick, suggesting relatively rapid rates of sedimentation. However, in the expanded part of the section at Browns Creek and also at Castle Cove, there is evidence that extreme shoal conditions existed as a result of imbalance between sedimentation and subsidence. During the middle and late Eocene, conditions along the Australian southern margin were generally temperate, with surface-water temperature decreasing eastward, and the depositional environment was essentially shallow marine - nearshore or shelf.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, SA, TAS, VIC
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network