AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Building a Better Geochemical Picture of the Australian Landscape

A vast quantity of surface sediment geochemistry data has been collected for the Australian continent by the mining industry and government over the last 50 years. Commonly, these datasets have been used in isolation, limiting their potential for regional interpretation and uses beyond the original intent. In order to maximise value and utility of this information across multiple scales, the data need to be levelled into one seamless dataset. Although variation between datasets may be due to difficult to correct differences (e.g. sample media, and targeted landscape features), many of the surveys are standardised such that variation is largely due to analytical factors (different laboratories, methods, and instruments). Accordingly, multiple surveys can be successfully merged by levelling to minimise analytical variation. To achieve this aim we have used statistical procedures based on analytical results for certified reference materials, internal project standards, and subsets of re-analysed survey samples. This was applied to nine geochemical surveys, totalling 15,605 samples, to produce a seamless levelled dataset for northern Australian (~2,100,000 km2).
Levelled samples were used to train a machine learning algorithm (RandomForests) to generate a suite of predictive geochemical maps. Machine learning provides a distinct advantage over traditional interpolation techniques, e.g. kriging, in that a large number of regional and national covariate datasets (e.g., aeromagnetic, radiometrics and Landsat data) can be used to elucidate relationships with the target data. This results in high resolution (up to the resolution of co-variate datasets, ~90 m2) and physically meaningful predictions relating geochemistry to geology and geographical features. Machine learning modelling predictions can be used for identification of true data outliers (geochemical anomalies) that might be expressions of mineral systems. By identifying areas of model under-fitting and determining that they are not related to geological, geographical, and geomorphological factors, maps of anomalous points can be generated for followup analytical and statistical examination. Such maps are ambivalent to environmental background variations as elevated element concentrations in naturally “low” areas are not masked by higher background values elsewhere. In this presentation, we discuss the specific results obtained for total concentrations of Cu in transported sediments of the North Australian Craton.
Presented at the 2020 Goldshmidt Conference

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, machine learning, modelling predictions, surface sediment geochemistry data
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Madura, WA, 2010 (Eucla Basin 4) (P1222), magnetic line data, AWAGS levelled

Total magnetic intensity (TMI) data measures variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the contrasting content of rock-forming minerals in the Earth crust. Magnetic anomalies can be either positive (field stronger than normal) or negative (field weaker) depending on the susceptibility of the rock. The data are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 These line dataset from the Madura, WA, 2010 (Eucla Basin 4) survey were acquired in 2010 by the WA Government, and consisted of 103672 line-kilometres of data at 200m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data. This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS.

Tags: AWAGS, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, Published_External, WA, airborne digital data, geophysical survey, geophysics, line, magnetic, magnetics, magnetism and palaeomagnetism, survey 1222, vector
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
SA Exploration Initiative 1995 - Area B15 (P704), radiometric line data, AWAGS levelled

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 This SA Exploration Initiative 1995 - Area B15 (P704), radiometric line data, AWAGS levelled were acquired in 1995 by the SA Government, and consisted of 27278 line-kilometres of data at 400m line spacing and 80m terrain clearance. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data. This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS.

Tags: AWAGS, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NASVD, Published_External, SA, airborne digital data, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, line, potassium, radiometrics, spectrometry, survey 704, thorium, uranium, vector
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australian Maritime Limits and Boundaries (AMB) Data Collection

Delineation of Australia's domestic and international maritime limits and boundaries. These boundaries include a variety of jurisdictional, economic, regulatory and legal boundaries. 
Value: Used by national governments, businesses, organisations in determining boundaries for zones governed/managed by different regulatory structures/requirements. 
Scope: A national dataset at resolution relevant for presentation of regional spatial data such as digital maps or regional decision making.

Tags: Administrative Boundaries, Boundaries, DC2020, EARTH SCIENCES, GIS, HVC - High Value Collection, HVC_144653, Mapping, Marine, Marine Jurisdiction, Published_External, Thematic Map
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Homestead 1:100 000 topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres. Many maps are supplemented by hill shading. These maps contain natural and constructed features including road and rail infrastructure, vegetation, hydrography, contours, localities and some administrative boundaries. Product Specifications Coverage: Australia is covered by more than 3000 x 1:100 000 scale maps, of which 1600 have been published as printed maps. Unpublished maps are available as compilations. Currency: Ranges from 1961 to 2009. Average 1997. Coordinates: Geographical and either AMG or MGA coordinates. Datum: AGD66, GDA94; AHD Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Printed maps: Paper, flat and folded copies. Compilations: Paper or film, flat copies only.

Tags: 100K scale, AU-QLD, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Ilma 1:100 000 unpublished topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres.

Tags: 100K unpublished, AU-WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
PowerPoint presentation: 3D structural model for the northern Leichhardt River Fault Trough and adjacent Lawn Hill Platform, Mt Isa Sponsors meeting, Barossa Valley, SA (June, 2004)

PowerPoint presentation: 3D structural model for the northern Leichhardt River Fault Trough and adjacent Lawn Hill Platform, Mt Isa. Sponsors, meeting, Barossa Valley, SA (June, 2004).

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, PMD*CRC Publication, Project I1-Appendix 6, Published_External, pmd*CRC
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
AUSGeoid98 v.1.0 data files: Ballarat (sj54-08)

AUSGeoid98 data files contain a 2 minute grid of AUSGeoid98 data covering the Australian region, which you can use to interpolate geoid-ellipsoid separations for the positions required.You can use your own interpolation software, or you can use Geoscience Australia's Windows Interpolation software (Winter). The data files are text files in a standard format that cover the same area as standard topographic map areas. Files covering both 1:250,000 (approximately 100 x 150 km) and 1:1,000,000 (approximately 400 x 600 km) map areas are available. There is a 4 minute overlap on all sides of each area. Data format: AUSGeoid98 data files have a header record at the start of each file, to distinguish them from the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files. AUSGeoid98 data files show the geoid-ellipsoid separation to 3 decimal places, while the superseded AUSGeoid93 data files showed only 2 decimal places. AUSGeoid98 deflections of the vertical were computed from the geoid-ellipsoid separation surface, while the AUSGeoid93 deflections of the vertical were computed from OSU91A.

Tags: AU, AUSGeoid98, Geodesy, Geodetic Data, Published_External, dataset, geodesy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Vlaming Sub-Basin Marine Environmental Survey (GA-0334/S. Supporter GP1373)(NCIP Program) - High Resolution Backscatter grids

Geoscience Australia undertook a marine survey of the Vlaming Sub-basin in March and April 2012 to provide seabed and shallow geological information to support an assessment of the CO2 storage potential of this sedimentary basin. The survey was undertaken under the Australian Government's National CO2 Infrastructure Plan (NCIP) to help identify sites suitable for the long term storage of CO2 within reasonable distances of major sources of CO2 emissions. The Vlaming Sub-basin is located offshore from Perth, Western Australia, and was previously identified by the Carbon Storage Taskforce (2009) as potentially highly suitable for CO2 storage. The principal aim of the Vlaming Sub-basin marine survey (GA survey number GA334) was to look for evidence of any past or current gas or fluid seepage at the seabed, and to determine whether these features are related to structures (e.g. faults) in the Vlaming Sub-basin that may extend up to the seabed. The survey also mapped seabed habitats and biota in the areas of interest to provide information on communities and biophysical features that may be associated with seepage. This research addresses key questions on the potential for containment of CO2 in the Early Cretaceous Gage Sandstone (the basin's proposed CO2 storage unit) and the regional integrity of the South Perth Shale (the seal unit that overlies the Gage Sandstone). This dataset comprises high resolution backscatter grids.

Tags: Backscatter Grid, Environmental Sciences, Marine Data, Published_External, WA, backscatter, continental shelf, environmental, marine, marine environmental baselines, marine survey
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geological Framework of the Southern Lord Howe Rise and Adjacent Areas

This record contains the results of a geological framework study of the southern half of the Lord Howe Rise and adjacent areas, including the Tasman Basin and the New Caledonia Basin.  The report particularly focuses on the geological evolution and the resource potential.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geology, petroleum exploration, resource assessment, sedimentary basins
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Seismic hazard estimation in stable continental regions: does PSHA meet the needs for modern engineering design in Australia?

Damaging earthquakes in Australia and other regions characterised by low seismicity are considered low probability but high consequence events. Uncertainties in modelling earthquake occurrence rates and ground motions for damaging earthquakes in these regions pose unique challenges to forecasting seismic hazard, including the use of this information as a reliable benchmark to improve seismic safety within our communities. Key challenges for assessing seismic hazards in these regions are explored, including: the completeness and continuity of earthquake catalogues; the identification and characterisation of neotectonic faults; the difficulties in characterising earthquake ground motions; the uncertainties in earthquake source modelling, and the use of modern earthquake hazard information to support the development of future building provisions.
Geoscience Australia recently released its 2018 National Seismic Hazard Assessment (NSHA18). Results from the NSHA18 indicate significantly lower seismic hazard across almost all Australian localities at the 1/500 annual exceedance probability level relative to the factors adopted for the current Australian Standard AS1170.4–2007 (R2018). These new hazard estimates have challenged notions of seismic hazard in Australia in terms of the recurrence of damaging ground motions. Consequently, this raises the question of whether current practices in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) deliver the outcomes required to protect communities and infrastructure assets in low-seismicity regions, such as Australia. This manuscript explores a range of measures that could be undertaken to update and modernise the Australian earthquake loading standard, in light of these modern seismic hazard estimates, including the use of alternate ground-motion exceedance probabilities for assigning seismic demands for ordinary-use structures.
The estimation of seismic hazard at any location is an uncertain science, particularly in low-seismicity regions. However, as our knowledge of the physical characteristics of earthquakes improve, our estimates of the hazard will converge more closely to the actual – but unknowable – (time independent) hazard. Understanding the uncertainties in the estimation of seismic hazard is also of key importance, and new software and approaches allow hazard modellers to better understand and quantify this uncertainty. It is therefore prudent to regularly update the estimates of the seismic demands in our building codes using the best available evidence-based methods and models.

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Earthquake Engineering, Natural Hazards, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australian Petroleum Blocks 2006a - Geodatabase

The dataset was created by Geoscience Australia using the framework described in Section 33 of the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (OPGGS Act) and previous Acts.
The international, scheduled areas and coastal waters used in this dataset are those found in the historical Australian Maritime Boundary Dataset 2006 (AMB2006). This version contains a number of technical amendments made on the basis of user feedback. These include:
- Harmonisation of maritime boundaries, scheduled area and graticular block datasets in block SC51
The dataset is comprised of both polygons and points created to very high precision, accurate to within millimetres.
The blocks have been cut by Australia's international boundaries, the scheduled areas and the coastal waters. Each block is assigned a polygon, including partial blocks. All blocks are titled with their block ID, and a list of vertices that make up the blocks. Each vertex of the dataset is also replicated as a discrete point in the points dataset.
The design of the dataset allows for the exact location of every vertex to be known to millimetre precision. The corner coordinates of blocks are now defined to a high precision, and can be found by querying the appropriate point.
Existing production licences AC/P17, AC/RL4, and AC/RL5 are included in the dataset.
The blocks are attributed with fields containing information on:
- Parent 1 Million Mapsheet
- Offshore Area
- Epoch of the boundaries used to cut the data  AMB2006
- Datum
- Origin of the mapsheet in AGD66
- The position of all vertices in the block
- The number of vertices in the block
- The area of the block in acres
- The area of the block in hectares
The calculation used to find the area of the blocks is estimated to be precise to better than 1%. This is considered to be sufficient as under the permit and licensing arrangements in the OPGGS Act, the area of a block has no relevance. Therefore the area figure is provided solely for reference.

Tags: AU, Administrative Data, Geospatial Information Systems, Published_External, Thematic Data
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
National Aviation Facilities WMS

This web service provides access to the National Aviation Facilities Datasets, representing the spatial locations of air traffic services centres, along with all known aviation control towers, major hangars, major fuel depots, major terminals and fire fighting and rescue facilities located within Australia, all complimented with feature attribution

Tags: Australia, Earth Sciences, Published_External, WMS, aviation, hangars, terminals, web map service, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The role of pre-existing sulphides in copper-ore formation at Mount Isa, Queensland

The sulphide deposit at Mount Isa, northwest Queensland, is a siltstone-shale sequence that has been metamorphosed to lower greenschist facies and variously altered by hydrothermal events. Galena and sphalerite, forming the lead- zinc-silver orebodies, and fine-grained pyrite are interbedded with the sediments, but chalcopyrite mineralisation appears to have overprinted these. In the largest copper orebody, the 1100 Ore body, a massive high-grade core of chalcopyrite is developed at the same stratigraphic level as rich pyrite mineralisation; with a reduction in the concentration of pyrite in this core. Cobalt is strongly associated with the copper ores and shows this same relationship. Sulphur isotope values for the chalcopyrite and pyrite are in the same range, indicating a common sulphur source. Sulphur abundances in the pyritic horizons do not increase with increasing copper grade. These factors support the view that sulphur needed for the formation of chalcopyrite and cobalt-rich sulphides was derived from the pre-existing sequence. Those sulphur sources controlled the copper, silica, and cobalt deposition from the mineralising solutions, and provide the link in explaining the spatial relationship of the copper to the lead-zinc-silver ores.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, QLD
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
GSWA Kurnalpi South Thorium Grid Geodetic

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
This radiometric thorium grid has a cell size of 0.00021 degrees (approximately 21m) and shows thorium element concentration of the Kurnalpi South, WA, 2013 in units of parts per million (or ppm). The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 2014 by the WA Government, and consisted of 92454 line-kilometres of data at 100m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NASVD, NCI, Published_External, Th, WA, airborne digital data, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, rad, radiometrics, raster, spectrometry, survey 1264, thorium
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Willaura Infill (P199435), gravity point data

Gravity data measures small changes in gravity due to changes in the density of rocks beneath the Earth's surface. The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 This Willaura Infill (P199435) contains a total of 1037 point data values acquired at a spacing of 100 metres. The data is located in VIC and were acquired in 1994, under project No. 199435 for None.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, VIC, geophysical survey, geophysics, gravity, ground digital data, point, point located data, survey 199435
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Traverses, Gravity (P198160), gravity point data

Gravity data measures small changes in gravity due to changes in the density of rocks beneath the Earth's surface. The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 This Traverses, Gravity (P198160) contains a total of 1446 point data values acquired at a spacing of 150 metres. The data is located in SA and were acquired in 1981, under project No. 198160 for Department of Mines and Energy South Australia (SADME).

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, SA, geophysical survey, geophysics, gravity, ground digital data, point, point located data, survey 198160
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data