AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Cretaceous depositional environment interpretation of offshore Otway Basin cores and wireline logs application to the generation of basin scale gross depositional environment maps

Gas production from the Inner Otway Basin commenced in the early 2000s but the deep-water part of this basin remains an exploration frontier. Historically, the understanding of plays in this region were largely model driven and therefore the ground-truthing of depositional environments (DE) and gross depositional environments (GDE) are critical. This aspect has been investigated for the Sherbrook Supersequence (SS) by the integration of legacy wireline and core data, with regional 2D seismic facies mapping of new and reprocessed data from Geoscience Australia’s 2020 Otway Basin seismic program. Core observations were matched to wireline logs and seismic facies with resulting well based DE interpretations calibrated to seismic resolution Regional GDE intervals. Integration of well and seismic observations lead to the compilation of a basin-wide Regional GDE map for the Sherbrook SS. This GDE map indicates the distribution of Sherbrook SS play elements such as source rock, seal and reservoir, especially across the Deep Water Otway Basin where well data is sparse.
Published in The APPEA Journal 2023.
Citation:
Cubitt Chris, Abbott Steve, Bernardel George, Gunning Merrie-Ellen, Nguyen Duy, Nicholson Chris, Stoate Alan (2023) Cretaceous depositional environment interpretation of offshore Otway Basin cores and wireline logs; application to the generation of basin-scale gross depositional environment maps. The APPEA Journal 63, S215-S220.
https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ22090

Tags: Core, Otway Basin, Published_External, Resource geoscience, Sherbrook Supersequence, Stratigraphy (incl. biostratigraphy, Wireline Logs, core, gross depositional environment, sequence stratigraphy and basin analysis), wireline logs
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Parallactic delay for geodetic VLBI and non-orthogonality of the fundamental axes

The Gaia optical astrometric mission has measured the precise positions of millions of objects in the sky, including extragalactic sources also observed by Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). In the recent Gaia EDR3 release, an effect of negative parallax with a magnitude of approximately −17 μas was reported, presumably due to technical reasons related to the relativistic delay model. A recent analysis of a 30-yr set of geodetic VLBI data (1993–2023) revealed a similar negative parallax with an amplitude of  −15.8 ± 0.5 μas. Since both astrometric techniques, optical and radio, provide consistent estimates of this negative parallax, it is necessary to investigate the potential origin of this effect.
We developed the extended group relativistic delay model to incorporate the additional parallactic effect for radio sources at distances less than 1 Mpc and found that the apparent annual signal might appear due the non-orthogonality of the fundamental axes, which are defined by the positions of the reference radio sources themselves. Unlike the conventional parallactic ellipse, the apparent annual effect in this case appears as a circular motion for all objects independently of their ecliptic latitude. The measured amplitude of this circular effect is within a range of 10–15 μas that is consistent with the ICRF3 stability of the fundamental axis. This annual circular effect could also arise if a Gödel-type cosmological metric were applied, suggesting that, in the future, this phenomenon could be used to indicate global cosmic rotation.
Citation: Titov O, Osetrova A. Parallactic delay for geodetic VLBI and non-orthogonality of the fundamental axes. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 2024;41:e111. doi:10.1017/pasa.2024.111

Tags: Earth system sciences, Published_External, Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), astronomy, geodesy, reference frames
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Supplementary notes to Report No 16, 1948, on some Western Australian gold mines, Boulder Perseverence Ltd

These notes are supplementary to an earlier report (1948/016), and are designed to elucidate certain points brought up in that report. The issues of grade, workings, development, expenditure, production, and future prospects are generally discussed.

Tags: AU-WA, GA Publication, Geology, Published_External, Record, industry, mineral deposits, mining, ore
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogeny and Exploration—Future Challenges and Opportunities

Although the intent of this book is to provide readers with an overview on the current and past usage of isotopes in the broad disciplines of economic geology, metallogenesis and mineral exploration, some of the chapters highlight future challenges and opportunities for the use of both radiogenic and stable isotopes within these disciplines and more broadly. This concluding section identifies and then discusses how some of these challenges might be overcome and the opportunities that might be realized.
Citation: Huston, D.L., Gutzmer, J. (2023). Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogeny and Exploration—Future Challenges and Opportunities. In: Huston, D., Gutzmer, J. (eds) Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration. Mineral Resource Reviews. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_16

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Economic Geology, Geochronology, Isotope Geochemistry, Isotopes, Metallogeny
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
SHRIMP U–Pb–Th xenotime (YPO4) geochronology: a novel approach for the correction of SIMS matrix effects

Xenotime (YPO4) occurs in a wide range of geological environments, but its potential to establish the timing of mineralisation and sediment diagenesis has been the focus of most recent studies. Xenotime in these settings usually has a low uranium content (typically &lt; 1000 ppm) and occurs as microscopic crystals (&lt; 20 μm diameter), either individually or as outgrowths on a zircon substrate. Large radius ion microprobes, such as the SHRIMP or Cameca 1270/1280, that have high sensitivity and spatial resolution, are well suited for the U–Pb–Th analysis of xenotime from such environments. SIMS U–Pb–Th analyses of xenotime, however, are prone to significant U–Pb–Th matrix effects (ME) that are related to the wide natural range of U (0–6 wt%) and rare earth element (REE) (ΣREE: 12–22 wt%) concentrations in this mineral. For SHRIMP U–Pb–Th xenotime analyses, a 1 wt% increase in U concentration, relative to the U–Pb–Th calibration reference material (RM), will on average cause a corresponding increase in the measured 206Pb/238U and 208Pb/232Th of approximately 15% and 14% respectively. Similarly, a 1 wt% contrast in ΣREE causes an increase of about 1.2% in 206Pb/238U and about 1.7% in 208Pb/232Th. Correction for these chemically-induced matrix effects requires the concurrent analysis of three xenotime reference materials (RMs) which have known ages and a range of U and ΣREE contents that have been determined accurately by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). A least squares methodology is used to derive correction coefficients that relate the SHRIMP U–Pb–Th ME to the U and ΣREE concentrations for the RMs. Crucial to the success of this technique is the use of one dimensional (1-D) calibrations using 206Pb+/270[UO2]+ and 208Pb+/248[ThO]+. Processing is carried out in two steps: the first derives the correction coefficients to matrix correct the 206Pb+/270[UO2]+ and 208Pb+/248[ThO]+ ratios, the second processes the matrix corrected ratios to determine 206Pb/238U and 208Pb/232Th.
Citation: A.J. Cross, I.S. Williams, SHRIMP U–Pb–Th xenotime (YPO4) geochronology: A novel approach for the correction of SIMS matrix effects, Chemical Geology, Volume 484, 2018, Pages 81-108, ISSN 0009-2541,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.12.017.

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Geochronology, Published_External, U-Pb-Th matrix effects, Xenotime, secondary ion mass spectrometry - SIMS, sensitive high resolution ion microprobe - SHRIMP
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Effect of asymmetry of the radio source distribution on the apparent proper motion kinematic analysis

Information on physical characteristics of astrometric radio sources, such as magnitude and redshift, is of great importance for many astronomical studies. However, data usually used in radio astrometry is often incomplete and outdated.
Our purpose is to study the optical characteristics of more than 4000 radio sources observed by the astrometric VLBI technique since 1979. We also studied the effect of the asymmetry in the distribution of the reference radio sources on the correlation matrices between vector spherical harmonics of the first and second degrees.
Methods. The radio source characteristics were mainly taken from the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED). Characteristics of the gravitational lenses were checked with the CfA-Arizona Space Telescope LEns Survey. SIMBAD and HyperLeda databases were also used to clarify the characteristics of some objects. Also we simulated and investigated a list of 4000 radio sources evenly distributed around the celestial sphere. We estimated the correlation matrices between the vector spherical harmonics using the real as well as modelled distribution of the radio sources.
Results. A new list OCARS (optical characteristics of astrometric radio sources) of 4261 sources has been compiled. Comparison of our data of optical characteristics with the official International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) list showed significant discrepancies for about half of the 667 common sources. Finally, we found that asymmetry in the radio source distribution between hemispheres could cause significant correlation between the vector spherical harmonics, especially in the case of sparse distribution of the sources with high redshift. We also identified radio sources having a many-year observation history and lack of redshift. These sources should be urgently observed with large optical telescopes.
The list of optical characteristics created in this paper is recommended for use as a supplementary material for the next international celestial reference frame (ICRF) realization. It can be also effectively used for cosmological studies and planning of observing programs both in radio and optical wavelength.
Citation: Titov, O., &amp; Malkin, Z. (2009). Effect of asymmetry of the radio source distribution on the apparent proper motion kinematic analysis. Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics, 506(3), 1477–1485. 
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200912369

Tags: Advice, Earth Sciences, Published_External, astrometry, geodesy, interferometric
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
MJO induced diurnal sea surface temperature variations off northwest shelf of Australia observed from Himawari geostationary satellite

High frequency coupling between the tropical upper ocean and atmosphere at diurnal time scales is being recognised as important for the behaviour of large scale climate modes such as Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO). Eastern Indian Ocean warm pool and Northwest shelf of Australia is strongly influenced by the MJO activities. In this study, we use the hourly Himawari-8 geostationary satellite SST data in the Northwest shelf of Australia to understand the modulation of the amplitude of SST diurnal variations with the MJO evolution during the two austral summer seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17. The high temporal and spatial resolutions of the Himawari-8 SST data were able to capture the temporal and spatial variability of diurnal SST. This study indicates that the diurnal SST variation is a key indicator of and thus plays a fundamental role in the air-sea interactions between MJO and upper-ocean. Our results show that MJO onset (active phase) is preceded by strong diurnal SST variations in MJO suppressed phase. SST diurnal variations are modulated by wind-induced latent heat flux and solar radiation variations. The record El Nino warming event in 2015-16 may have modulated the MJO activities. In addition, we also observe notable spatial variability of diurnal variations of SST in the region, especially during the 2015-16 El Nino event.
Citation: Z. Huang, M. Feng, MJO induced diurnal sea surface temperature variations off the northwest shelf of Australia observed from Himawari geostationary satellite, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, Volume 183, 2021, 104925, ISSN 0967-0645, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2021.104925

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Himawari 8, Madden Julian Oscillation - MJO, Published_External, Sea surface temperature - SST, geostationary satellite, northwest Australia
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Palaeoshorelines on the Australian continental shelf: morphology, sea-level relationship and applications to environmental management and archaeology

Palaeoshorelines that lie submerged on stable continental shelves are relict coastal depositional and erosional structures formed during periods of lower sea level. An analysis of the well-dated Late Quaternary (0–128 ka) sea-level record indicates that the most persistent (modal) lower sea levels were at 30 – 40 m below present, which occurred between 97 and 116 ka and at approximately 85 ka and 10 ka. A secondary modal position was at 70–90 m that occurred mostly during a period of fluctuating sea level between 30 and 60 ka, as well as at around 87 ka (70 – 80 m only) and 12−15 ka. For the tectonically stable Australian continental shelf, we show that a range of shorelines formed at each of these sea level modal positions and their morphology and degree of preservation depends on composition (carbonate vs siliciclastic) and oceanographic setting (wave, tide and wind energy). These ancient coasts record a range of oceanographic and geological regimes that existed during relatively long periods of lower sea level and provide a guide to the general depth zones in which similar features likely occur on other shelves globally. Australian palaeoshorelines represent distinctive benthic habitats that strongly influence the distribution of biodiversity across the shelf. Accurate mapping of these features provides a robust geospatial framework for investigations of marine species distributions and environmental change monitoring. These data also enable the better targeting of relict coastal areas that potentially include sand resources and sites of human occupation during periods of lower sea level.
Citation: Brendan P. Brooke, Scott L. Nichol, Zhi Huang, Robin J. Beaman, Palaeoshorelines on the Australian continental shelf: Morphology, sea-level relationship and applications to environmental management and archaeology, Continental Shelf Research, Volume 134, 2017, Pages 26-38, ISSN 0278-4343.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.12.012.

Tags: Biodiversity, EARTH SCIENCES, Late Quaternary, Published_External, Sea level, Shelf reefs, marine archaeology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australian Fisheries Enforcement Zones - Front (Indonesian)

This map is produced for the Australian Fisheries Management Authority to assist their enforcement of Australia's Maritime Boundaries. It has lots of icons to explain to Indonesian fishermen where they can and cannot fish in the Timor and Arafura Seas.
This version is an Indonesian translation.
It is not for sale or public release by Geoscience Australia. Public release is thru DEH and AFMA.
Updated in 2019 to reflect the 2018 Australia/Timor-Leste Maritime Boundaries Treaty.

Tags: Administrative Boundary, Earth Sciences, Published_External, Thematic Map, administrative boundaries, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
A slab origin for low-δ18O arc magmas

Plate tectonics is the primary method for cycling of material between the mantle, crust, and surface reservoirs of our planet. Oxygen isotopes (18O/16O, δ18O) in zircon have been shown to track source components through subduction, primarily by detecting the presence of isotopically heavy supracrustal material. Isotopically light signatures are relatively rare, suggesting recycling of high-temperature hydrothermal sources is negligible. Here, we report light δ18O data from magmatic-arc rocks of the 511–500 Ma Stavely Belt in western Victoria, Australia. These rocks demonstrate a two-stage mixing history: (1) constant, highly radiogenic εHf with decreasing δ18O, indicating sub-mantle δ18O initial compositions, interpreted to represent a sub-arc mantle contaminated with low-δ18O slab melts and/or fluids; and (2) decreasing εHf with increasing δ18O, implying crustal contamination with country-rock turbidites. These new data suggest that high-temperature hydrothermal sources can be recycled through subduction zones and alter the composition of the sub-arc mantle. We demonstrate how slab tearing could have driven this process, its connection to the architecture of the Delamerian Orogen, and implications for circum-supercontinent margins.
Citation: Mole, D.R., Lewis, C.J., Bodorkos, S., Crowley, J.L., Schofield, A., Curtis, S.O. and Evans, N.J., 2025. A slab origin for low-δ18O arc magmas. Geology, 53(4), pp.311–316. https://doi.org/10.1130/G52782.1

Tags: Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian, Delamerian Orogen, EFTF – Exploring for the Future, Hf-O isotopes, Isotope Geochemistry, Published_External, Stavely, subduction, zircon
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Quantifying fish behaviour and commercial catch rates in relation to a marine seismic survey

The impact of seismic surveys on the catchability of marine fish is a contentious issue, with claims that seismic surveys may negatively affect catch rates. However little empirical evidence exists to quantify the impacts or determine potential causes. In this study, we used a 2-D seismic survey in the Gippsland Basin, Bass Strait, Australia in April 2015 as an opportunity to quantify fish behaviour (field-based) and commercial fisheries catch (desktop study) across the region before and after airgun operations. Three species found in abundance (gummy shark, swell shark, tiger flathead) were acoustically tagged and released within one of two acoustic arrays (experimental and control zone) and monitored before, during and after the seismic survey. In the field study, only 35% of the gummy sharks and 30% of the swell sharks were subsequently detected two days after release, although various individuals returned sporadically over the period of monitoring including during the seismic survey operations. Behaviour consistent with a possible response to the seismic survey operations was restricted to flathead which increased their swimming speed during the seismic survey period and changed their diel movement patterns after the survey. We also investigated the potential impacts of the seismic survey on catch rates using Commonwealth fisheries logbook data from Jan 2012 – Oct 2015. Fifteen species and two gear types (Danish seine, gillnet) were modelled to examine differences in catch rates before and after the seismic survey. The catch rates in the six months following the seismic survey were different than predicted in nine out of the 15 species examined, with six species (tiger flathead, goatfish, elephantfish, boarfish, broadnose shark and school shark) showing increases in catch following to the seismic survey, and three species (gummy shark, red gurnard, sawshark) showing reductions. Overall, we found little evidence consistent with behavioural or catch rate changes induced by the seismic survey in the targeted species, although behavioural data were limited because many sharks left the acoustic receiver array prior to the commencement of the seismic survey.
Citation: Barry Bruce, Russ Bradford, Scott Foster, Kate Lee, Matt Lansdell, Scott Cooper, Rachel Przeslawski, Quantifying fish behaviour and commercial catch rates in relation to a marine seismic survey, Marine Environmental Research, Volume 140, 2018, Pages 18-30, ISSN 0141-1136. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.005.

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Published_External, ecology, fish behaviour, impacts of seismic surveys, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Stratigraphy of the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary interval at the Lord Howe Rise, Southwest Pacific

During Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 21, Cenozoic and latest Cretaceous sediments were recovered at Site 208 on the Lord Howe Rise, Southwest Pacific. We provide new biostratigraphic, magnetostratigraphic and geochemical data of cores from Site 208 to constrain stratigraphy around the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. Biostratigraphic data on calcareous nannofossils indicate a nearly continuous deposition of sediment from the Maastrichtian of the Late Cretaceous to the Danian and Selandian of the Paleocene at depths of 540-590 meters below seafloor (mbsf). The biostratigraphic data suggest that the K/Pg boundary corresponds to a siliceous claystone at the bottom of an interval of silicified sediment at the depths of 576.0-576.8 mbsf. Carbonate carbon isotopic composition (δ13Ccarb) reveals a negative shift across this interval, which is consistent with the global pattern of δ13C across the K/Pg boundary. Osmium concentration and Os isotopic composition (187Os/188Os) are used for identification of the K/Pg boundary, as the K/Pg boundary is marked by a peak in Os concentration and a drop in 187Os/188Os values to 0.12-0.15 caused by the K/Pg bolide impact. Our 187Os/188Os data indicate a similar variation with that of the coeval ocean water, with the lowest 187Os/188Os value of 0.12-0.16 in the siliceous claystone. However, the concentration of Os is low (&lt;80 pg g-1) in this sample. This suggests that the siliceous claystone was deposited around the K/Pg boundary, but may not include the boundary itself. This study has revealed that while the sedimentary record across the K/Pg boundary interval at Site 208 may not be completely continuous, it nevertheless captures a time interval that is close to the K/Pg bolide impact.
Citation: Junichiro Kuroda, Kyoko Hagino, Yoichi Usui, Paul R. Bown, Kan-Hsi Hsiung, Saburo Sakai, Ron Hackney, Saneatsu Saito, Masafumi Murayama, Takuto Ando, Naohiko Ohkouchi; Stratigraphy around the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in sediment cores from the Lord Howe Rise, Southwest Pacific. GSA Bulletin 2021;; 134 (5-6): 1603–1613. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B36112.1

Tags: Deep Sea Drilling Project - DSDP, GEOLOGY, Isotope Geochemistry, Lord Howe Rise - LHR, Marine Geoscience, Palaeontology (incl. Palynology), Sedimentology, Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy), cretaceous, sediment cores, stratigraphy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data