AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Origins of sulphide in sediments

Sulphide in sedimentary ore deposits may be derived directly from the mantle or by reduction of sulphate. Sulphide in modem hydrothermal deposits is thought to have formed abiologically by reactions between sulphate and ferrous iron or organic matter during deep circulation of sea water and meteoric waters through the crust at temperatures above about 200Â°C. Below about 70Â°C sulphate reduction is catalysed by bacteria. This process is widespread in anoxic basins and reducing sediments, and is dependent upon, and often controlled by, the supply of organic matter. The importance of sulphate reduction in carbon turnover has been demonstrated by comparisons of organic carbon production and sulphate reduction in marine sediments and by the discovery of several genera of sulphate-reducing bacteria capable of using a wide range of organic molecules. Recent kinetic studies of sulphate reduction in anoxic marine sediments have confirmed that sulphide accumulations equivalent to those in several major stratiform ores could be generated biologically. Fixed sulphide contents in normal unconsolidated reduced marine sediments, however, are generally an order of magnitude less than those of deposits such as at McArthur River and Mount Isa in the Northern Territory of Australia. The only modern examples of sediments with large fixed sulphide concentrations are those in which sulphide is of hydrothermal origin. One constraint on the concentration of fixed sulphides in sediments is the availability of reactable metals. It is possible that high concentrations of biogenic sulphides can be produced when metalliferous hydrothermal fluids are exhaled into biologically active anoxic basins or depressions.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Murray Basin hydrogeological inventory

This Murray Basin dataset contains descriptive attribute information for the areas bounded by the relevant spatial groundwater feature in the associated Hydrogeology Index map. Descriptive topics are grouped into the following themes: Location and administration; Demographics; Physical geography; Surface water; Geology; Hydrogeology; Groundwater; Groundwater management and use; Environment; Land use and industry types; and Scientific stimulus.

The Murray Basin, a significant sedimentary basin in Australia, displays varying sediment thickness across its expanse, with the thickest layers concentrated in its central regions. The basin's geological evolution is characterised by distinct depositional phases. During the Paleocene to Eocene Renmark Group phase, sedimentary deposits encompass fluvial sands at the base, transitioning into paralic carbonaceous clay and lignite layers. These sediments indicate the shift from riverine to shallow marine environments, dating back to the Paleocene and Eocene periods.

The Oligocene to Middle Miocene period encompasses the Ettrick Formation and Murray Group Limestone. The former includes marl, and the latter displays glauconitic grey-green marl and bryozoal limestone, revealing prevailing marine conditions during the Oligocene to Middle Miocene. In the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene Bookpurnong Formation, marine shelly dark grey clay and silt, previously known as the Bookpurnong Beds, coexist with Pliocene fluvial to marginal marine quartz sands (Loxton Sands), marking the transition back to terrestrial and nearshore marine settings.

During the Late Pliocene to Pleistocene, the Blanchetown Clay, a substantial unit within Lake Bungunnia, signifies lacustrine phases. Overlying ferricretes in the central/eastern basin and the Norwest Bend Formation's oyster coquinas in the western region, the clay exhibits variable coloration and laminations. Lastly, the Pleistocene to Holocene phase witnesses river-induced reworking and erosion of underlying sediments, giving rise to the Shepparton and Coonambidgal formations. In the western Murray Basin, Cenozoic sedimentary rocks are relatively thin, typically measuring under 200-300 meters. The Renmark Trough area presents a maximum thickness of 600 meters.

Tags: Basin Analysis, EARTH SCIENCES, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Environmental Management, Exploring for the Future, GEOLOGY, Groundwater, Hydrogeology, Land Use and Environmental Planning, National Groundwater Sytems, National Hydrogeological Inventory, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCE, Published_External, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy)
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Surface Hydrology Polygons (National)

The Surface Hydrology Polygons (National) dataset presents the spatial locations of surface hydrology polygon features and its attributes.
The dataset represents the Australia's surface hydrology at a national scale.  It includes natural and man-made geographic features such as: watercourse areas, swamps, reservoirs, canals, etc.  This product presents hydrology polygon features which will topological connect with the hydrology line features and forms a complete flow path network for the entire continental of Australia.

Tags: AU, GIS Dataset, Hydrogeology, National, Published_External, hydrology, lakes, neii.gov.au, surfacewater hydrology, water resources
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Palynological report on South Pacific Pty Ltd (Birkhead) well

An examination of twenty-two samples, chiefly cuttings, from S.P.L. No.1 (Birkhead) well has suggested that the Permian - Triassic boundary lies at a depth between 3600 and 3700 feet below ground level, that a marine influence in Upper Permian times was present and that possibly a somewhat older unit than Upper Permian was present at 5000 feet. No evidence for the age of strata above 1900 feet and below 5035 feet is offered.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
AUV Imagery from Gippsland Basin III (GA355 Long-term after survey)

This dataset is part of the Gippsland Marine Environmental Monitoring (GMEM) project. The GMEM was developed in response to stakeholder concerns from the fisheries industry about a Geoscience Australia seismic survey in the Gippsland Basin (GA352 in April 2015), in addition to a broader need to acquire baseline data to be used to quantify impacts of seismic operations on marine organisms. A component of this study was to acquire images of the seafloor before and after the seismic survey for analysis of potential impacts of seismic operations on scallops.

This dataset contains information collected from the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Phoenix  and AUV Sirius on survey GA-355 conducted 18-22 February 2016 on the M.V. Dell Richey II. 

The AUV Phoenix was the main system used to collect imagery analysed in the GMEM project using the two loop pattern (Figure 1) from previous surveys (GA-350 and GA-353). The AUV Sirius was deployed to collect concurrent dense image grids at selected stations (05, 08, 37, 45) and to provide a back-up to the Phoenix in the event of equipment issues. This occurred at Stations 40 and 41, and as such the Sirius collected images in the two-loop pattern.

In addition to the main study area for the GMEM, the AUV Sirius was also deployed outisde Devonport, Tasmania in order to establish workflow, fine-tune technical aspects, and census scallop beds that were known to be in ill health. Imagery from these stations are included in sub-folder 'Devonport_Sites'.

Due to strong currents and possible navigation issues, some of the AUV paths deviated from the planned path and also varied in altitude. Nevertheless, the georeferencing of images released in this data package reflects the actual position of the AUV during image acquisition.

Post-processing included image colour-balancing and simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) processing of the stereo imagery to improve georeferencing of the imagery. The optical imagery is provided in zip files as geotiffs (individual colour-corrected images), mosaics, and mesh (3D seafloor reconstructions).

Tags: Earth Sciences, HVC_144640, Published_External, marine, scallop
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Jervis Bay Reef Polygons

Jervis Bay Reef Polygons were digitised from the Multibeam bathymetry datasets of Jervis Bay. Reef areas were defined as seabed hard substrate that are often raised from the surroundings flat sedimentary seabed. They were identified and mapped relatively easily on hillshaded bathymetry layers.

Tags: GEOSCIENCES Geomorphology, Multibeam bathymetry, Published_External, reef
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
The late Cainozoic sequence of southeast South Australia and Pleistocene sea-level changes

A recent drilling program in southeast South Australia has provided new insight into the late Cainozoic sequence of that area. Uplift of the region occurred during the Pleistocene, related in part to volcanic activity in the Mount Gambier-Mount Burr area. This, together with eustatic sea-level changes, resulted in the development of a regressive sequence, which over a period of 690 000 years or less, led to a 100 km seaward progradation of the shore-line between Naracoorte and Robe. The sequence is made up of a ridge-forming sandy facies comprising beach and very shallow marine sands at the base, and aeolian sands at the top. These sediments are separated by a fine-grained interdunal facies deposited initially under bay or estuarine conditions, grading into lagoonal and finally saline lacustrine conditions at the top. The sequence between Naracoorte and Robe holds great promise as a location for establishing Pleistocene sea-level changes. The current program suggests at least 20 major high sea-level stands during the past 690 000 years.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, SA
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
SI 1026 Booby Island to D'Arcole Islands, Bonaparte Archipelago (HIPP) Bathymetry Acquisition (20220012S)

The Booby Island to D'Arcole Islands, Bonaparte Archipelago bathymetry survey was acquired for the Australian Hydrographic Office (AHO) onboard the MV Offshore Solution and MV Special Order during the period 15 September 2022 – 26 November 2022. This was a contracted survey conducted for the Australian Hydrographic Office by Guardian Geomatics as part of the Hydroscheme Industry Partnership Program. The survey area encompases an area in Booby Island to D'Arcole Islands, Bonaparte Archipelago, Western Australia. Bathymetry data was acquired using a Kongsberg EM2040P and a Kongsberg EM2040-07, and processed using CARIS HIPS &amp; SIPS processing software. The dataset was then exported as a 30m resolution, 32 bit floating point GeoTIFF grid of the survey area.

This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes.

Tags: AusSeabed, Earth Science | Oceans | Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography | Bathymetry, Earth Sciences, HVC_144641, Oceans, Published External, Published_External, bathymetric grids, bathymetry, marine, multibeam
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
AGSO Marine Survey 176 Direct Hydrocarbon Detection North-West Australia: Yampi Shelf; Southern Vulcan Sub-Basin; Sahul Platform (July/September 1996) -Operational Report and Data Compendium-

The Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO) carried out a regional water column geochemical `sniffer' program on the north-west Australian continental margin, from 28 July to 02 September 1996. The survey acquired data on bottom water hydrocarbon concentration and composition on the Yampi Shelf, southern Vulcan Sub-basin and Sahul Platform. A primary goal was to detect natural hydrocarbon seepage. A total of 3535 line km (150 survey lines) of sniffer data were acquired during the program, using the RV Rig Seismic. In addition to the sniffer program, the survey tested a new high-resolution seismic cable. Also, a total of eight gravity cores were taken. The principal areas of seepage detected were on the Yampi Shelf where very high, dry, thermogenic gas concentrations (~1%wet) were detected where the regional seal thins onto the Kimberley Block basement (O'Brien et al.,1998a). Principal areas of seepage were located inboard from the Cornea trend. In addition, significantly lower concentrations of relatively wet gas were detected around the Skua field, in the southern Vulcan Sub-basin. Drier, low-level methane seepage was detected around the breached East Swan and Eclipse fields.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geochemistry, marine, petroleum exploration, remote sensing
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Forster Pacific Palms Cape Hawke, NSW Backscatter 2019 (20190159S)

The Forster Pacific Palms Cape Hawke, NSW, multibeam survey was acquired by the NSW government (Department of Planning and Environment – DPE) onboard the Research Vessel Bombora during the period 01/MAR/2019 – 12/AUG/2022, using DPE’s R2Sonic 2022 multibeam sonar. The survey was completed as part of the SeabedNSW program funded by NSW government through Coastal Reforms (&gt;2015), HabMap Program funded through Marine Parks Authority (now under Marine Estate Management Authority) or through collaborations with partner agencies or institutions. The purpose of the project was to 1) provide a baseline dataset and 2) map the spatial distribution of seabed types. This dataset contains 32-bit floating point geotiff files of bathymetry and backscatter in 5m resolution for the study area, derived from the processed Hypack, R2Sonic GUI, POSView, POSPac, Qimera and FMGT software. General details on vessel setup, mobilisation and processing are provided at https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Research/Our-science-and-research/seabed-nsw-standard-operating-procedures-multibeam-surveying-190101.pdf with survey specific details in the Survey Report and DPIE Rigor Statement.

Not to be used for navigational purposes

Tags: AusSeabed, Backscatter, Bathymetry, Delivery, awareness raising and engagement, Digital Delivery, EARTH SCIENCES, Marine, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, RV Bombora, Resourcing Australia's Prosperity, Tasman Sea, multi-beam echosounders
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
A Review of Petroleum Exploration and Prospects in the Gippland Basin

Petroleum exploration carried out in the Gippsland Basin up to February 1976 has been reviewed to provide a current assessment of knowledge of the basin and to determine the need for further exploration.

The Gippsland Basin is a Late Mesozoic to Cainozoic Basin located mainly offshore in the northeastern portion of Bass Strait, between the mainland of Australia and Tasmania. It is roughly triangular in shape, being narrowest onshore in Victoria to the northwest and broadening towards the edge of the continental slope to the southeast. It contains up to 4500 in of fluvio-deltaic and marine sediments, which have been subjected to faulting, drape folding and channel erosion.

To date, the Gippsland Basin has been by far the most prolific petroleum producing basin in Australia, with initial reserves of more than 300 x 106 m3 of oil and 200 x 109 m3 of natural gas. The basin has been actively explored geophysically since the early 1960s and all of the larger and more obvious structures have been drilled. The basin still has some exploration potential at deeper levels than the main Eocene producing zones, but detailed seismic mapping of deeper horizons is difficult and
requires the best seismic technology available.

It seems likely that the greater part of the recoverable petroleum in the basin has already been found, but there is some potential for further discoveries.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Aquatic Substrate Library - Bolivar 2001

Record for source data hosted in the National Spectral Database (NSD) Aquatic Library

Citation:
Blackburn, D. T, and Dekker, A. G. (2007). “Remote sensing study of marine and coastal features and interpretation of changes in relation to natural and anthropogenic processes. Final Technical Report”. ACWS Technical Report No.6 prepared for the Adelaide Coastal Waters Study Steering Committee, July 2007 David Blackburn Environmental Pty Ltd and CSIRO Land and Water.

For further information and instructions to access the database go to the following URL:
https://cmi.ga.gov.au/data-products/dea/643/australian-national-spectral-database

Tags: Aquatic Substrate Library, Australian National Spectral Database (NSD), Australian spectral data, EARTH SCIENCES, End-member studies, Field spectroscopy, HVC_144490, NSD Source Dataset, Published_External, Remote sensing
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
The elusive Cook volcano and other submarine forearc volcanoes in the Solomon Islands

Submarine volcanoes reported from the forearc region of the New Georgia Group are anomalously close to the line of northeast wards subduction of the Woodlark Basin. Kavachi is a basalt- andesite volcano that rises nearly 1000 m above the sea floor south of Vangunu. It is frequently active and sometimes builds subaerially.  A seamount 9 km northeast of Kavachi may also be a youthful volcano.  Kana Keoki volcano, southwest of Rendova, is andesite to rhyolite in composition. It has not been recorded in eruption, and rises to within 700 m of sea level from a base at around 2500 m. Activity ascribed to Cook submarine volcano west of Rendova was reported for 1963 - 4, and a shoal was reported to have been found by leadline sounding, but no volcano was found by detailed bathymetric surveys in 1979 and 1981. The activity probably consisted largely of hydrothermal blow-outs from a sea-floor vent (or vents) 1300 m below sea level, rather than from a volcano. Another submarine volcano has been reported to lie 25 km west of Kavachi, and southeast of Tetepare, but no sign of it was seen on a bathymetric profile run through this location.  The New Georgia Group forearc region is very poorly surveyed bathymetrically. A single swathe-mapping sonar survey would show how many submarine volcanoes are present in the region and where they are located, prior to further sampling.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Continental Residual Topography Extracted from Global Analysis of Crustal Structure

This repository contains a static version of the data and software that accompanies the article by Stephenson et al. (2024) published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. Note that the data and software repositories are up to date as of 07/03/2024. For more recent updates users are referred to the primary repositories on Github.

Contents of zipped repository files includes four directories:
1. The manuscript directory STEPHENSON_ET_AL_2024_JGR/ containing
    - The manuscript file (pre-print before final peer review and acceptance by the journal).
    - Supplementary text accompanying the manuscript.
2. The SMV2rho software package version v1.0.1 for converting seismic velocity into density.
3. The SeisCruST database of global crustal thickness and velocity profiles.
4. The global-residual-topography database containing estimates of continental residual topography after correcting for isostatic effects of crustal thickness and density variations.

Abstract for the article: Continental topography is dominantly controlled by a combination of crustal thickness and density variations. Nevertheless, it is clear that some additional topographic component is supported by the buoyancy structure of the underlying lithospheric and convecting mantle. Isolating these secondary sources is not straightforward, but provides valuable information about mantle dynamics. Here, we estimate and correct for the component of topographic elevation that is crustally supported to obtain residual topographic anomalies for the major continents, excluding Antarctica. Crustal thickness variations are identified by assembling a global inventory of 26 725 continental crustal thickness estimates from local seismological datasets (e.g. wide-angle/refraction surveys, calibrated reflection profiles, receiver functions). In order to convert crustal seismic velocity into density, we develop a parametrization that is based upon a database of 1 136 laboratory measurements of seismic velocity as a function of density and pressure. In this way, 4 120 new measurements of continental residual topography are obtained. Observed residual topography mostly varies between±1–2 km on wavelengths of 1 000–5 000 km. Our results are generally consistent with the pattern of residual depth anomalies observed throughout the oceanic realm, with long-wavelength free-air gravity anomalies, and with the distribution of upper mantle seismic velocity anomalies. They are also corroborated by spot measurements of emergent marine strata and by the global distribution of intraplate magmatism that is younger than 10 Ma. We infer that a significant component of residual topography is generated and maintained by a combination of lithospheric thickness variation and sub-plate mantle convection. Lithospheric composition could play an important secondary role, especially within cratonic regions.

Tags: Dynamic topography, EARTH SCIENCES, EFTF- Exploring for the Future, Published_External, crust, density, moho, velocity
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Southern Surveyor Voyage SS2011_V02 Underway Data

This dataset contains the Underway (UWY) data collected on Southern Surveyor voyage SS2011_V02. The voyage took place East of Australia, 30ºS along to 170W (along the western end of the GP13 zonal section (~30oS) east of Australia)from the 14th May to the 5th June, 2011. This dataset has been processed and archived within the CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Data Centre in Hobart. Additional information regarding this dataset is contained in the cruise report for this voyage and/or the data processing report. The standard Underway (=continuously recorded) dataset from a research voyage includes Navigation (NAV), Sounder, Thermosalinograph (TSG) and Meteorological (MET) data. NAV data includes GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements of latitude, longitude, ship's direction and speed. MET data includes atmospheric temperature, humidity and pressure, wind speed and direction, and incident radiation intensity. Data from "IMOS" (Integrated Marine Observing System) sensors are also included. The sensors are port and starboard radiometers and pyranometers, wind speed; rain and rainrate. Data are recorded at 5 second intervals and stored in NetCDF format. For Public Access data (.csv files, 10 sec and 5 min intervals). See "Download Public Underway data and Processing Reports" link for details.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network