AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Four-dimensional connectivity modelling with application to Australia's north and northwest marine environments

A fully four-dimensional (3D × time) object-oriented biophysical dispersal model was developed to simulate the movement of marine larvae over semi-continuous surfaces. The model is capable of handling massive numbers of simulated larvae, can accommodate diverse life history patterns and distributions of characteristics, and saves point-level information to a relational database management system. The model was used to study Australia's northwest marine region, with attention given to connectivity patterns among Australia's north-western Commonwealth Marine Reserves (CMRs). Animations of larval movement near the Gascoyne canyon CMR, dispersal surfaces over depth and time for CMRs and Key Ecological Features in the northwest, as well as matrices of connectivity values among CMRs are shown. The matrices are further analysed to identify the sensitivity and elasticity of their values. The results generated by this model can aid in designing and managing marine protected area networks that incorporate extensive and complex benthic terrain (including the identification of marine ‘corridors’), and for developing targeted field sampling strategies.

<b>Citation:</b>Kool, J. T., Nichol, S. L. 2015. Four-dimensional connectivity modelling with application to Australia's north and northwest marine environments, Environmental Modelling &amp; Software, 65: 67-78.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.11.022

Tags: Earth Sciences, External Publication, NERP, Published_Internal, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Sensitivity of detection of fugitive methane emissions from coal seam gas fields

There is increasing recognition that minimising methane emissions from the oil and gas sector is a key step in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions in the near term.  Atmospheric monitoring techniques are likely to play an important future role in  measuring the extent of existing emissions and verifying emission reductions. They can be very suitable for monitoring gas fields as they are continuous and integrate emissions from a number of potential point and diffuse sources that may vary in time. 

Geoscience Australia and CSIRO Marine &amp; Atmospheric Research have collected three years of continuous methane and carbon dioxide measurements at their atmospheric composition monitoring station ('Arcturus') in the Bowen Basin, Australia. Methane signals in the Bowen Basin are likely to be influenced by cattle production, landfill, coal production, and conventional and coal seam gas (CSG) production.

Australian CSG is typically 'dry' and is characterised by a mixed thermogenic-biogenic methane source with an absence of C3-C6+ alkanes. The range of '13C isotopic signatures of the CSG is similar to methane from landfill gas and cattle emissions. The absence of standard in-situ tracers for CSG fugitive emissions suggests that having a comprehensive baseline will be critical for successful measurement of fugitive emissions using atmospheric techniques.

In this paper we report on the sensitivity of atmospheric techniques for the detection of fugitive emissions from a simulated new CSG field against a three year baseline signal. Simulation of emissions was performed for a 1-year period using the coupled prognostic meteorological and air pollution model TAPM at different fugitive emission rates (i.e. estimates of &lt;1% to up to 10% of production lost) and distances (i.e. 10 - 50 km) from the station. Emissions from the simulated CSG field are based on well density, production volumes, and field size typical of CSG fields in Australia. The distributions of the perturbed and baseline signals were evaluated and statistically compared to test for the presence of fugitive methane emissions. In addition, a time series model of the methane baseline was developed in order to generate alternative realizations of the baseline signal. These were used to provide measures of both the likelihood of detecting fugitive emissions at various emission levels and of the false alarm rate. Results of the statistical analysis and an indicative minimum fugitive methane emission rate that can be detected using a single monitoring station are presented.

Poster presented at the American Geophysical Union meeting, December 2013, San Francisco

Tags: AU-QLD, Atmospheric Sciences, GA Publication, Poster/Image, Published_External, atmosphere, climate, greenhouse gas emissions
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Addressing exploration uncertainties in the southern Bonaparte Basin: enhanced stratigraphic control and post drill analysis for upper Permian plays – Extended Abstract 2022 APPEA Conference

The upper Permian to Lower Triassic sedimentary succession in the southern Bonaparte Basin represents an extensive marginal marine depositional system that hosts several gas accumulations, including the Blacktip gas field that has been in production since 2009. Development of additional identified gas resources has been hampered by reservoir heterogeneity, as highlighted by preliminary results from a post drill analyses of wells in the study area that identify reservoir effectiveness as a key exploration risk.
The sedimentary succession that extends across the Permian–Triassic stratigraphic boundary was deposited during a prolonged marine transgression and shows a transition in lithofacies from the carbonate dominated Dombey Formation to the siliciclastic dominated Tern and Penguin formations.

Recent improvements in chronostratigraphic calibration of Australian biostratigraphic schemes, spanning the late Permian and Early Triassic, inform our review of available palynological data and re-interpretation and infill sampling of well data. The results provide a better resolved, consistent and up-to-date stratigraphic scheme, allowing an improved understanding of the timing, duration, and distribution of depositional environments of the upper Permian to Lower Triassic sediments across the Petrel Sub-basin and Londonderry High. 

<b>Citation:</b> Owens R., Kelman A., Khider K., Iwanec J., Bernecker T. (2022) Addressing exploration uncertainties in the southern Bonaparte Basin: enhanced stratigraphic control and post drill analysis for upper Permian plays. <i>The APPEA Journal</i> 62, S474-S479

Tags: Bonaparte Basin, EARTH SCIENCES, North West Shelf, Palaeontology (incl. Palynology), Permian-Triassic boundary, Petrel Sub-basin, Petroleum and Coal Geology, Published_External, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy), biostratigraphy, post drill analysis, reservoir, stratigraphy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Seabed Environments and Shallow Geology of the Vlaming Sub-Basin, Western Australia - Supporting Investigation for Geological Storage of CO2 GA334 Marine Environmental Survey Post-Survey Report

In March and April, 2012, Geoscience Australia undertook a seabed characterisation survey, aimed at supporting the assessment of CO2 storage potential of the Vlaming Sub-basin, Western Australia.  The survey, undertaken as part of the National CO2 Infrastructure Plan program was targeted to provide an understanding of the link between the deep geological features of the area and the seabed, and connectivity between them as possible evidence for seal integrity.  Data was acquired in two sections of the Rottnest Shelf lying above the regional seal - the South Perth Shale - and the underlying potentially CO2-suitable reservoir, the Gage Sandstone. Seabed samples were taken from 43 stations, and included 89 seabed grab samples.  A total of 653 km2 of multibeam and backscatter data was obtained. Chirper shallow sub-bottom profile data was acquired concurrently. 6.65 km2 of side-scan sonar imagery was also obtained. The two surveyed areas, (Area 1 and Area 2), are set within a shallow sediment starved shelf setting. Area 2, situated to the southwest of Rottnest Island, is characterised by coralline red algal (rhodolith) beds, with ridges and mounds having significant rhodolith accumulations. The geomorphic expression of structural discontinuities outcropping at the seabed is evident by the presence of linear fault-like structures notable in Area 1, and north-south trending lineaments in Area 2. North-south trending structural lineaments on the outer section of Area 2 have in places, mounds standing 4-5 m above the seafloor in water depths of 80-85 m.  Although there are apparent spatial correlations between seabed geomorphology and the structural geology of the basin, the precise relationship between ridges and mounds that are overlain by rhodolith accumulations, fluid seepage, and Vlaming Sub-basin geology is uncertain, and requires further work to elucidate any links.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, continental shelf, geological sequestration, geomorphology, marine, marine survey, sedimentary basins
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australian Onshore and Offshore Boreholes WMTS

This OGC conformant web service delivers data from Geoscience Australia's Boreholes database (borehole header and directional survey data) and associated geological observations (lithostratigraphic data). The data includes records of boreholes drilled by Geoscience Australia and its predecessor organisations (BMR, AGSO), all boreholes drilled in Australian Commonwealth offshore marine jurisdictions, and a selection of onshore boreholes drilled by government and private entities. Where possible this service conforms to the GeoSciML v4.1 data transfer standard.

Geoscience Australia is not a reporting or regulatory authority for borehole drilling.  Borehole information in Geoscience Australia's Boreholes database is sourced from various regulatory authorities in the States, Northern Territory and Commonwealth governments for Geoscience Australia research purposes.  Where Geoscience Australia is not the custodian of borehole data provided in this web service, the custodian agency provided with the data should be consulted as the authoritative source.

The data dictionary for this web service is at <a href="https://d28rz98at9flks.cloudfront.net/144578/144578_00_3.pdf">https://d28rz98at9flks.cloudfront.net/144578/144578_00_3.pdf</a>. For information on borehole status definitions, refer to <a href="https://db-content.ga.gov.au/data_dictionary/Borehole_Status_vocabulary_2021.pdf">https://db-content.ga.gov.au/data_dictionary/Borehole_Status_vocabulary_2021.pdf</a>

Tags: Published_External, WMTS, borehole, borehole logs, borehole samples, geology, lithology, lithostratigraphy, stratigraphy, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Stratigraphy of the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary interval at the Lord Howe Rise, Southwest Pacific

During Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 21, Cenozoic and latest Cretaceous sediments were recovered at Site 208 on the Lord Howe Rise, Southwest Pacific. We provide new biostratigraphic, magnetostratigraphic and geochemical data of cores from Site 208 to constrain stratigraphy around the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. Biostratigraphic data on calcareous nannofossils indicate a nearly continuous deposition of sediment from the Maastrichtian of the Late Cretaceous to the Danian and Selandian of the Paleocene at depths of 540-590 meters below seafloor (mbsf). The biostratigraphic data suggest that the K/Pg boundary corresponds to a siliceous claystone at the bottom of an interval of silicified sediment at the depths of 576.0-576.8 mbsf. Carbonate carbon isotopic composition (δ13Ccarb) reveals a negative shift across this interval, which is consistent with the global pattern of δ13C across the K/Pg boundary. Osmium concentration and Os isotopic composition (187Os/188Os) are used for identification of the K/Pg boundary, as the K/Pg boundary is marked by a peak in Os concentration and a drop in 187Os/188Os values to 0.12-0.15 caused by the K/Pg bolide impact. Our 187Os/188Os data indicate a similar variation with that of the coeval ocean water, with the lowest 187Os/188Os value of 0.12-0.16 in the siliceous claystone. However, the concentration of Os is low (&lt;80 pg g-1) in this sample. This suggests that the siliceous claystone was deposited around the K/Pg boundary, but may not include the boundary itself. This study has revealed that while the sedimentary record across the K/Pg boundary interval at Site 208 may not be completely continuous, it nevertheless captures a time interval that is close to the K/Pg bolide impact.

<b>Citation:</b> Junichiro Kuroda, Kyoko Hagino, Yoichi Usui, Paul R. Bown, Kan-Hsi Hsiung, Saburo Sakai, Ron Hackney, Saneatsu Saito, Masafumi Murayama, Takuto Ando, Naohiko Ohkouchi; Stratigraphy around the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in sediment cores from the Lord Howe Rise, Southwest Pacific. <i>GSA Bulletin</i> 2021;; 134 (5-6): 1603–1613. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B36112.1

Tags: Deep Sea Drilling Project - DSDP, GEOLOGY, Isotope Geochemistry, Lord Howe Rise - LHR, Marine Geoscience, Palaeontology (incl. Palynology), Sedimentology, Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy), cretaceous, sediment cores, stratigraphy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction in the Tasman Sea

Map showing Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction in the Tasman Sea.
One of the 27 constituent maps of the "Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction Map Series" (GeoCat 71789).
Depicting Australia's extended continental shelf, approved by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in April 2008, treaties and various maritime zones.  Background bathymetric image is derived from a combination of the 2009 9 arc second bathymetric and topographic grid by GA and a grid by Smith and Sandwell, 1997. Background land imagery derived from Blue Marble, NASA's Earth Observatory.
A0 sized .pdf downloadable from the web.

Tags: Administrative Boundary, Earth Sciences, Published_External, Thematic Map, administrative boundaries, bathymetry, continental shelf, marine, marine jurisdiction
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Great Artesian Basin - Geomorphology

This dataset classifies the geomorphological features of the GAB and includes the offshore extents of the GAB beneath the Gulf of Carpentaria. The geomorphological classifications are grouped into the following categories based on depositional environment;
A: Marine 
B: Fluvial
C: Aeolian
D: Playa-lacustrine and,
E: Erosional terrain.

This dataset and associated metadata can be obtained from www.ga.gov.au, using catalogue number 81673.

REFERENCES:
Ransley, T., Radke, B., Feitz, A., Kellett, J., Owens, R., Bell, J. and Stewart, G., 2015. Hydrogeological Atlas of the Great Artesian Basin. Geoscience Australia. Canberra. [available from www.ga.gov.au using catalogue number 79790]

Harris et al., 2007  Submerged coral reefs and benthic habitats of the southern Gulf of Carpentaria.  Geoscience Australia Record 2007/02

Heap et al., 2006  Sources and sinks of terrigenous sediments in the Southern Gulf of Carpentaria. Geoscience Australia Record 2006/11.

Reeves, J.M., Chivas, A.R., Garcia, A., Holt, S., Couapel, M.J.J., Jones, B.G., Cendon, D.I. and Fink, D., 2008  The sedimentary record of palaeoenvironments and sea-level change in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, through the last glacial cycle. Quaternary International 183 (2008), 3-22.

Harris, P.T., Heap, A.D., Marshall, J.F.,and McCulloch, M., 2008  A new coral reef province in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia: Colonisation, growth and submergence during the early Holocene. Marine Geology 151, 85-97.

Whiteway, T., 2009. Australian Bathymetry and Topography Grid, June 2009. Scale 1:5000000. Geoscience Australia, Canberra.http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/25/53D99B6581B9A

Gallant, J, Wilson, N, Dowling, T, Read, A, Inskeep, C., 2011.  SRTM-derived 3 Second Digital Elevation Models Version 1.0.  Geoscience Australia, Canberra.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GIS Dataset, NSW, NT, Published_External, QLD, Regional, SA
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Andvord Drift: a new type of inner shelf, glacial marine deposystem from the Antarctic Peninsula

Hemipelagic, sediment drift deposits have been discovered and mapped on the Antarctic Peninsula shelf in 300-500 m water depth. The drift located adjacent to Andvord Bay covers 44.5 km2 and exhibits continuous and discontinuous parallel reflections that conform to peaks and valleys in the acoustic basement as observed in deep-tow boomer and sparker seismic records. This style of drift deposit is a common feature of deep oceanic sediments, but is not normally found in continental shelf environments.

Tags: AQ, Antarctic data, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The Geology of a Large Submerged Continental Block: the Kenn Plateau Off Northeast Australia

In general, we met the scientific objective of this voyage in improving our understanding of the geological evolution and modern environmental setting of the poorly known Kenn Plateau off northeast Australia. The voyage was an overall success, but the sampling program was greatly curtailed for two reasons: problems with the Geoscience Australia seismic compressor increased the amount of seismic time needed, and the ship's winches failed with 4 sampling days to go.

As Chief Scientist for the Mellish Rise voyage scheduled for November-December 2004, I gratefully accepted the offer of an additional two days' ship time to allow some key Kenn Plateau dredges to be taken.  This will enable us to meet all our pre-voyage objectives, albeit late.

The RV Southern Surveyor's acquisition program can be summarised as:
1   Successful seismic program with 3090 km of high-quality seismic data collected. 
2   Successful swath-mapping program with 7584 km of bathymetric data using the SIMRAD EM 300 multibeam sonar system.
3   Only 12 dredge hauls and one grab were obtained.

The seismic results will enable us to greatly improve our geological understanding of this very poorly known part of Australia's marine jurisdiction. The swath mapping results will improve existing bathymetric maps and also our understanding of sedimentary processes on the plateau margins. The sampling results will allow us to start to build up a reliable geological history of this region. This survey recovered the first ancient rocks from this large frontier offshore region. 

The performance of the vessel and equipment was generally good.  The entire ship's crew performed very well, being professional, helpful and courteous. The CSIRO support technicians did everything that could be expected of them. Steve Thomas was an excellent voyage manager, always looking for and finding ways to help the Geoscience Australia science contingent in their work.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Report, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
SI 1030 Bass Pyramid to Wright Block (HIPP) Bathymetry Acquisition (20230020S)

The Bass Pyramid to Wright Block&nbsp;bathymetry survey was acquired for the Australian Hydrographic Office (AHO) during the period 16 Oct 2023 – 10 Jan 2024. This was a contracted survey conducted for the Australian Hydrographic Office as part of the Hydroscheme Industry Partnership Program. The survey area encompasses an area in Bass Pyramid to Wright Block. Bathymetry data was acquired using a Kongsberg EM2040-07, and processed using CARIS HIPS and SIPS processing software. The dataset was then exported as a 30m resolution, 32 bit floating point GeoTIFF grid of the survey area.

This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes.

Tags: AusSeabed, Australia-wide geoscience data, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth Science | Oceans | Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography | Bathymetry, HVC_144641, Multibeam, Oceans, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity, bathymetric grids, bathymetry, multibeam
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geomorphology and Evolution of the Gigantic Murray Canyons on the Australian Southern Margin

The Murray Canyons are a group of deeply-incised submarine canyons on a steep 400-km section of the continental slope off Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Some of the canyons are amongst the largest on Earth. The canyons, some 80 km long, descend from the shelf edge to abyssal plain 5200 m deep. Sprigg Canyon, the deepest and one of the largest, has walls 2 km high. The thalwegs of the larger canyons are concave in profile, steepest on the upper continental slope (15?-30?), with about 4?gradient on the mid slope, then level out on the lower slope to merge with the 1? continental rise. Between canyons, the continental slope is slightly convex to linear with a gradient of about 5?-6?. Canyon walls commonly slope at 15?-22?. The passive continental margin narrows to 65-km at the Murray Canyons and links the Bight and Otway Basins. WNW-trending Jurassic-Cretaceous rift structures control the irregular shape of the central canyons. At the western end, large box canyons 1 km deep are incised into thick sediments of the Ceduna Sub-basin. Formed by headscarp erosion, some of these canyons have coalesced by canyon capture. The upper parts of most canyons are cut into Cretaceous sediments and in some places are floored by basement rocks. Large holes, spaced about 5 km apart and up to several hundred metres deep, along the outlet channels of the larger and steeper canyons were probably gouged by turbidity currents resulting from major slope failures at the shelf edge. Quaternary turbidites were deposited on the abyssal plain more than 100 km from the foot of slope. Canyon down-cutting was episodic since the latest Cretaceous, with peak activity since the Oligocene due to strong glacioeustatic fluctations and cycles, with canyon development occurring during lowstands and early transgressions when sediment input at the shelf edge was usually highest. The timing of canyon development is linked to major unconformities within adjacent basins, with down-cutting events recorded or inferred during early Paleocene, Middle Eocene, Early Oligocene, Oligocene/Miocene transition (~24 Ma), mid Miocene (~14 Ma) and latest Miocene-Pleistocene. The early phases involved only siliciclastic sediments, while post-early Eocene canyon cutting was dominated by biogenic carbonates generated on the shelf and upper continental slope. The Murray River dumped its sediment load directly into Sprigg Canyon during extreme lowstands of the Late Pleistocene when the Lacepede Shelf was dry land.

Tags: AU-SA, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, bathymetry, continental margins, geomorphology, marine, marine survey
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data