AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Seabed morphology and geomorphology of the Beagle Marine Park, south-eastern Australia, Version 1 WMS

This OGC Web Map Service (WMS) contains geospatial seabed morphology and geomorphology information for the Beagle Marine Park (South-east Marine Parks Network) and is intended for use by marine park managers, regulators and other stakeholders. This web service uses the data product published in Nanson et al. (2023); eCat Record 147976.

Tags: Geomorphology, Geomorphology and Earth Surface Processes, Mapping, Morphology, Parks Australia, Published_External, Seabed, Spatial, WMS, web service
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Hydrochemistry of a groundwater-seawater mixing zone, Nauru Island, central Pacific Ocean

Nauru Island is a karstified dolomitic limestone island in the central Pacific Ocean. A thin, discontinuous freshwater layer overlies a thick brackish water mixing zone. In the mixing zone, groundwater salinity increases gradationally downwards until seawater is encountered at about 70 m below sea level.  Fresh HC03-Ca-Mg groundwaters evolve to seawater. Saturation indices for particular carbonate minerals increase with increased groundwater salinity. Supersaturation is achieved with dolomite at 300 mg/L total dissolved solids, with calcite at 5000 mg/L, and with aragonite at 6000 mg/L. As groundwaters in the mixing zone are saturated with dolomite there is potential for dolomitisation, and this probably occurs at low proportions of admixed seawater. Open and closed system trends can be defined, based on the partial pressure of CO2 , The open system, with lower partial pressure, comprises vadose waters, cave waters and the more saline mixing zone waters; in the latter, chemical evolution is controlled mainly by mixing with seawater. The closed system comprises the freshwater layer with low proportions of admixed seawater; its chemistry is controlled by ingassing of CO2 and by dissolution and precipitation reactions.  Theoretical calculations based on simple mixing between karst groundwaters and seawater are inadequate to describe actual chemical processes, which change with the degree of mixing.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Geophysical Surveys and Datasets Database (GEOPHYS_SURV)

The GEOPHYS_SURV database describes geophysical surveys (air, land, and marine), the datasets derived from those surveys, and the methods used for delivery of those datasets.  The database includes metadata for all surveys conducted or managed by Geoscience Australia and its predecessor agencies, as well as data and surveys from State and Territory geological survey agencies.

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Electrical and Electromagnetic Methods in Geophysics, GEOPHYSICS, Geophysics not elsewhere classified, Gravimetrics, Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism, Published_External, Seismology and Seismic Exploration, geophysical survey
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Seabed Environments and shallow sub-surface geology of the Vlaming Sub-basin, offshore Perth Basin: Summary results from marine survey GA0334

As part of the Australian Government's National CO2 Infrastructure Plan (NCIP), Geoscience Australia has undertaken integrated assessments of selected offshore sedimentary basins for their CO2 storage potential. In March and April 2012, Geoscience Australia completed a seabed survey (GA0334) over two targeted areas (Area 1 and Area 2) of the Vlaming Sub-basin (Figure 1 1), as part of a larger study investigating the suitability of the Vlaming Sub-basin for geological storage of CO2. 
This document summarises the results and interpretation of seabed and shallow geological (to 30 m below the seabed) data acquired during survey GA0334 in the Vlaming Sub-basin. These data and their interpretations are being used to support the investigation of the Vlaming Sub-basin for CO2 storage potential.

Tags: AU-WA, GA Publication, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Published_External, Record, bathymetry, continental shelf, environmental, geological storage of CO2, marine, sedimentary basins
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Geomorphology and Evolution of the Gigantic Murray Canyons on the Australian Southern Margin

The Murray Canyons are a group of deeply-incised submarine canyons on a steep 400-km section of the continental slope off Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Some of the canyons are amongst the largest on Earth. The canyons, some 80 km long, descend from the shelf edge to abyssal plain 5200 m deep. Sprigg Canyon, the deepest and one of the largest, has walls 2 km high. The thalwegs of the larger canyons are concave in profile, steepest on the upper continental slope (15?-30?), with about 4?gradient on the mid slope, then level out on the lower slope to merge with the 1? continental rise. Between canyons, the continental slope is slightly convex to linear with a gradient of about 5?-6?. Canyon walls commonly slope at 15?-22?. The passive continental margin narrows to 65-km at the Murray Canyons and links the Bight and Otway Basins. WNW-trending Jurassic-Cretaceous rift structures control the irregular shape of the central canyons. At the western end, large box canyons 1 km deep are incised into thick sediments of the Ceduna Sub-basin. Formed by headscarp erosion, some of these canyons have coalesced by canyon capture. The upper parts of most canyons are cut into Cretaceous sediments and in some places are floored by basement rocks. Large holes, spaced about 5 km apart and up to several hundred metres deep, along the outlet channels of the larger and steeper canyons were probably gouged by turbidity currents resulting from major slope failures at the shelf edge. Quaternary turbidites were deposited on the abyssal plain more than 100 km from the foot of slope. Canyon down-cutting was episodic since the latest Cretaceous, with peak activity since the Oligocene due to strong glacioeustatic fluctations and cycles, with canyon development occurring during lowstands and early transgressions when sediment input at the shelf edge was usually highest. The timing of canyon development is linked to major unconformities within adjacent basins, with down-cutting events recorded or inferred during early Paleocene, Middle Eocene, Early Oligocene, Oligocene/Miocene transition (~24 Ma), mid Miocene (~14 Ma) and latest Miocene-Pleistocene. The early phases involved only siliciclastic sediments, while post-early Eocene canyon cutting was dominated by biogenic carbonates generated on the shelf and upper continental slope. The Murray River dumped its sediment load directly into Sprigg Canyon during extreme lowstands of the Late Pleistocene when the Lacepede Shelf was dry land.

Tags: AU-SA, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, bathymetry, continental margins, geomorphology, marine, marine survey
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Nannofossil and planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy around the Oligocene-Miocene boundary in parts of the Indo-Pacific region

Nannofossil evidence suggests that the up-sequence appearance of Globigerinoides quadrilobatus primordius is depth-related, and first occurs at a lower stratigraphic level in shallow marginal-marine than in deep oceanic sediments. The species is recorded associated with several late Oligocene nannofossil species, such as Sphenolithus ciperoensis, in three marginal-marine sections within the Indo-Pacific region; a study of the literature has revealed similar coeval occurrences elsewhere. However, evidence in deep oceanic sediments indicates that the lowest occurrence of G. quadrilobatus primordius is early Miocene in age. Globorotalia opima opima occurs with G. quadrilobatus primordius in one section; published data indicate that this overlap is repeated elsewhere. This suggests that the planktic foraminiferal Zones N.3 and N.4 should be combined into Zone N3/4, the base of which is defined by the lowest occurrence of Globigerinoides quadrilobatus primordius. To account for the difference in the timing of the lowest occurrence of G. quadrilobatus primordius in hemipelagic and oceanic sediments, changes in the thickness of the zone between the lysocline and carbonate compensation depth during the latest Oligocene, and bathymetric shifts of this zone during the earliest Miocene, are invoked. Evidence for precisely delineating the Oligocene-Miocene boundary is tenuous; the Globigerinoides datum is late Oligocene in age, contrary to the unratified recommendation of the Neogene Committee at Bologna in 1967, and at present no general agreement has been reached on nannofossil evidence to mark the boundary. For these reasons, a buffer zone representing the Oligocene-Miocene transition is suggested for the interval between the definite late Oligocene Sphenolithus ciperoensis (extinction) datum and the definite early Miocene Sphenolithus belemnos (base of range) datum. In hemipelagic sediments, this buffer zone may include several biostratigraphic events, such as the disappearance of the solution-prone Zygrhablithus bijugatus.

Tags: AUS, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
SUPERSEDED: eReefs GBR4 Biogeochemical model data - Version 2.0 Catchment Real Time

SUPERSEDED: This dataset has been superseeded by GBR4_H2p0_B3p0_Chyd_Dcrt (2010-12 to 2018-10) and then by GBR4_H2p0_B3p1_Cq3b_Dhnd (2010-12 to 2019-04) and it was removed from the NCI fx3 project and THREDDS server in April 2024.  An archive copy has been retained by the custodians, and access can be arranged on request.

4km-resolution Biogeochemical model version 2.0, forced by version 2 of the Hydrodynamic model and best available forcing¹, deployed as catchment real time (6 month lag for SOURCE Catchments model).

¹ best available forcing:
○ 2011-06-30 to 2014-06-30: P2R SOURCE Catchments;
○ 2014-07-01 to 2016-10-30: Empirical SOURCE Catchments;
○ 2016-10-31 onwards: Furnas relationships for wet and dry tropics rivers.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
The Ivanhoe Block-its structure, hydrogeology and effect on groundwaters of the Riverine Plain of New South Wales.

The Ivanhoe Block is a faulted and uplifted concealed basement ridge complex underlying the mallee sand dunes adjacent to the New South Wales part of the Western Riverine Plain in the central Murray Basin. The western ridge of the Ivanhoe Block forms the regional divide between the Darling and Lachlan-Murrumbidgee groundwater systems. The parallel basement ridges of the Ivanhoe Block deflect flow south in the deeper aquifers, and thinner beds on top of the ridges result in convergence of flow in the shallower aquifers. The Geera Clay aquitard is enveloped by the Renmark Group on the Ivanhoe Block this produces an additional barrier to lateral groundwater throughflow.  Groundwater salinity is strata-bound in the aquifers of the Ivanhoe Block and Western Riverine Plain, and this enhances the value of electric logs in accomplishing a 3-fold subdivision of the Renmark Group- a basal fluvial succession, overlain by a paralic grading to marginal marine sequence which in turn is overlain by a prograding shoreline succession.  The Western Riverine Plain is the regional groundwater discharge zone for the eastern Murray Basin in New South Wales, and it has been created by the impeding action of the bounding Ivanhoe Block .  On the basis of rates of change of chloride concentration along regional flow lines in the Tertiary aquifers, the Western Riverine Plain is partitioned into the Balranaid- Hatfield discharge zone in its western half and the Moulamein - Mossgiel buffer zone in its eastern half; the former defines the zone of salt production and accumulation in the shallower Tertiary aquifers and the latter defines the maximum historical extent of up-basin propagation of refluxed salts.  In recent years the Ivanhoe Block and western Riverine Plain of New South Wales have been the focus of growing community concern about clearing in the mallee lands and the susceptibility of these areas to land salinisation. This paper addresses the second issue. The Balranald Hatfield discharge zone and the lower Willandra Lakes are most at risk from land salinisation if water tables continue to rise. The Moulamein Mossgiel buffer zone is in the second-highest risk category, and the eastern Riverine Plain has a low risk of sa linisation in its non-irrigated lands.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, NSW, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Sentinel-3 - OLCI - Water Quality - V100053

Sentinel-3 OLCI full resolution (approximately 300m-pixel size) daily reprojected Level 2P water quality (Chl-a, CDOM, TSS) produced by CSIRO under eReefs Phase 5 using the FUB-CSIRO Coastal Water Processor (detailed description at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112848). 
This product was derived from Level 2 geophysical quantities, and placed onto a regular grid using nearest neighbor resampling. Standard Level 1 quality flags have been applied to pre-mask and quality control the data (see file_version_quality_control). Additional algorithm input and output out-of-range flags (in_out_OR_combined_flags) are provided to further quality control the data. These flags have not been applied to pre-mask the data.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
South-west Corner and Perth Canyon Marine Park Surveys Bathymetry Acquisition (20220011S)

The South-west Corner and Perth Canyon Marine Parks Bathymetry Acquisition was acquired by the&nbsp;Minderoo-UWA Deep-Sea Research Centre of the University of Western Australia on-board the MV Pangaea Ocean Explorer&nbsp;from the 24th of March to the 05th of April 2022, using a Kongsberg EM304 multibeam sonar. 

The survey was led by Dr. Todd Bond and the collected data were processed by Dr. Yakup Niyazi.

This dataset contains a 64m-resolution and four 128m-resolution 32-bit floating point GeoTIFF files of the bathymetry in the study area, derived from the processed EM304 bathymetry data, using QPS Qimera v.2.5 software. This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes. This dataset is published with the permission of the CEO, Geoscience Australia.

Tags: AusSeabed, Australia-wide geoscience data, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth Science | Oceans | Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography | Bathymetry, HVC_144641, Oceans, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, Resourcing Australia's Prosperity, bathymetric grids, bathymetry, multibeam
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Seabed imagery from GA0357 Davis survey (AAP5093)

Seabed imagery was collected at 25 sites off Davis station, East Antarctica during survey GA0357 from January to February 2017. The survey was conducted in shallow waters (&lt;300 m depth) on the RV Howard Burton as part of Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) Project 5093. The imagery was collected using a downward-facing video camera system and Keldon light which were mounted on a sediment grab or sound velocity profiler (SVP) and lowered using a small winch. The camera was lowered to approx. 0.5-1 m from the seabed for 5 minutes. The video data is unclipped and includes descent and ascent in the water column. Upon retrieval, the data was downloaded and named by station and sequential camera deployment number. The GPS position of the vessel was recorded and the timestamp of the video footage will be used to determine the location of the camera.

The imagery is available on the NCI:
https://thredds.nci.org.au/thredds/catalog/fk1/GA0357_Davis_AAP5093/catalog.html
with the following file structure:
Australian Marine Video and Imagery Data/GA0357_Davis_AAP5093/FILENAME.avi

The FILENAME corresponds to details of each deployment, e.g. GA0357_CAM004_STN025_GR001 is the survey name (GA0357), camera deployment number (CAM004), station number (STN025) and associated grab or SVP deployment number (GR001).

Metadata is available in the Excel file: GA0357_Davis_AAP5093_CAM_Log_FINAL.xlsx
A post-survey report is in progress and will be available on eCat when complete.

We thank the AAD/GA/Navy survey team for their assistance in acquiring the data, AAD support staff at Davis station for their support deploying the RV Howard Burton, and AAP Project 5093 Chief Investigator Ursula Harris for pre and post-survey coordination. This dataset is published with the permission of the CEO, Geoscience Australia.

Tags: Antarctica, EARTH SCIENCES, HVC_144640, Published_External, benthic communities, marine, seabed
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Conceptual Models of Australia's Estuaries and Coastal Waterways : Applications for Coastal Resource Management

This document represents part of Geoscience Australia's contribution to the National Estuaries Assessment and Management (NE) project, Theme 5 (Assessment and Monitoring), Task 5A 'Conceptual Models of Australian Estuaries and Coastal Waterways'. The report contains comprehensive conceptual models of the biophysical processes that operate in a wide range of estuaries and coastal waterways found around Australia.

Geomorphic conceptual models have been developed for each of the seven types of Australian estuaries and coastal waterways. Each conceptual model comprises a three-dimensional block diagram depicting detailed summaries of the structure, evolutionary characteristics, and geomorphology of each coastal waterway type, which are ?overlain? by flow diagrams that depict some of the important biotic and abiotic processes, namely: hydrology, sediment dynamics, and nutrient dynamics. Geomorphology was used as the common 'base layer' in the conceptual models, because sediment is the fundamental, underlying substrate upon which all other estuarine processes depend and operate.

In the conceptual models, wave-dominated systems are depicted as having a relatively narrow entrance that restricts marine flushing, and low water-column turbidity except during extreme events. Tide-dominated systems feature relatively wide entrances, which likely promote efficient marine flushing, very large relative areas of intertidal habitats, and naturally high turbidity due to strong turbulence induced by tidal currents. Strong evidence exists suggesting that estuaries (both wave- and tide-dominated) are the most efficient 'traps' for terrigenous and marine sediments, and these are depicted as providing the most significant potential for trapping and processing of terrigenous nutrient loads. Intertidal areas, such as mangroves and saltmarshes, and also the central basins of wave-dominated estuaries and coastal lagoons, are likely to accumulate the majority of trapped sediments and nutrients.

Conceptual model diagrams, with overlays representing environmental processes, can be used as part of a decision support system for environmental managers, and as a tool for comparative assessment in which a more integrative and shared vision of the relationship between components in an ecosystem can be applied.

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, coasts, geoscience education, marine, resource management, water resources
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
National Gravity Compilation 2019 includes airborne DGIR 1VD image

Gravity data measure small changes in gravity due to changes in the density of rocks beneath the Earth's surface. The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose. This National Gravity Compilation 2019 includes airborne DGIR 1VD image is produced from the 2019 Australian National Gravity Grids B series. These gravity data were acquired under the project No. 202008. The grid represented in this image has a cell size of 0.00417 degrees (approximately 435m). The data are derived from ground observations stored in the Australian National Gravity Database (ANGD) as at September 2019, supplemented by offshore data sourced from v28.1 of the Global Gravity grid developed using data from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego. Airborne gravity and gravity gradiometry data were also included to provide better resolution to areas where ground gravity data was not of a suitable quality. Out of the approximately 1.8 million gravity observations, nearly 1.4 million gravity stations in the ANGD together with Airborne Gravity surveys totaling 345,000 line km and 106,000 line km of Airborne Gravity Gradiometry were used to generate this grid. The ground and airborne gravity data used in this grid has been acquired by the Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments, the mining and exploration industry, universities and research organisations from the 1940's to the present day. Station spacing for ground observations varies from approximately 11 km down to less than 1 km, with major parts of the continent having station spacing between 2.5 and 7 km. Airborne surveys have a line spacing ranging from 0.5 km to 2.5 km. The image shows the first vertical derivative of the de-trended global isostatic residual (DGIR) anomalies over Australia and its continental margins. The DGIR grid was obtained by subtracting 3 quantities (i.e., the near-field isostatic correction, the far-field isostatic correction, and a first order trend correction) from Complete Bouguer Anomaly data (CBA) of the 2019 Australian National Gravity Grids B series. A first vertical derivative was calculated by applying a fast Fourier transform (FFT) process to the DGIR grid of the 2019 Australian National Gravity Grids to produce the grid represented in this image.

Tags: 1vd, Australia, B series, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, None, Published_External, airborne data, de-trended, first vertical derivative, geophysical survey, geophysics, grav, gravity, grid, ground digital data, image, isostatic, marine data gravity gradiometry, raster, residual, satellite data, survey 202008
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Correlation chart for the Carboniferous system of Australia

A brief synopsis of the evidence from the Carboniferous marine faunas of Australia has been used to draw a correlation chart for the Carboniferous System in the continent. The Lower Carboniferous faunal sequence of the intracratonic basins of Western Australia is represented by the conodont and brachiopod zones established for the Bonaparte Gulf Basin. These are dated mainly in terms of biostratigraphic scales based on conodonts, foraminifers, and brachiopods established in the Lower Carboniferous of Britain and Belgium, i.e., mainly the Kohlenkalk facies. The Carboniferous brachiopod zones of the New England GeosyncIine, recognizable only in eastern Australia, are dated in terms of the ammonoid and conodont zones of the German Lower Carboniferous, i.e., the Kulm facies. Hence, in so far as it is possible to correlate the Kulm with the Kohlenkalk facies in western Europe, it is possible to make generalized correlations throughout the marine Carboniferous of the Australian continent. Correlation of terrestrial sequences in Australia, and between them and those overseas, is based on plant and spore evidence. The sporadic nature of this evidence, however, renders such correlation highly tentative.

Tags: AU, Bulletin, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, geology, stratigraphy
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network