AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Light profiles and coral communities beneath tabulate Acropora corals, Great Barrier Reef

Light profiles beneath tabulate corals on the seaward reef slopes of Rib and Broadhurst Reefs, central Great Barrier Reef, were measured in November 1980. A total of 14 nearly circular colonies, each supported by a vertical central stem were selected for light measurements: Acropora cytherea (9), Acropora hyacinthus (3), Acropora subulata (1) and Acropora clathrata (1). The corals chosen were located at a depth of approximately 9.5m and separated from other tabulate corals by at least 0.5m. Irradiance (mW cm-2) was measured with a remote probe, having a horizontally held cosine collector with a flat spectral response corresponding to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).Under one table each of Acropora cytherea and Acropora hyacinthus, rules were laid horizontally along the north pointing line of radius and vertically from table to substrate. Light measurements were made at 25 points under the table radius at the intersections of 5 vertical lines spaced equally from stem to perimeter and 5 horizontal lines spaced equally from 5 cm below the undersurface of the table to the substrate. Contours of the light conditions under the radii were produced by interpolation from the readings at the 25 points.Beneath the remaining 12 Acropora spp. tables, light measurements were taken at 5 horizontally spaced positions along the substrate. Then, with the semicircular half of the table bisected by the radial line of measurement covered with aluminium foil representing completely anastomosed or light-impermeable tables, irradiance measurements were repeated. Irradiance on each table surface was recorded. In all cases unobscured sun persisted during the measurement period. Height, and several radii of each table were measured and a piece taken for identification.Coral species beneath the semicircular sections of the tables were identified. The distance of each colony from the stem was measured and their distribution categorised into 5 concentric zones. Quadrats of 0.5 x 0.5 m were laid beside 7 other tablulate corals. The colonies in the quadrats were counted and identified, and cover was estimated by eye. The values obtained were compared to those beneath the tables.
 This study was undertaken to examine light profiles and coral species composition beneath tabulate corals. These observations were used to assess the competitive value of shading.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Rethinking fisheries policy in the Pacific: WORKING PAPER

This record describes, and links to a working paper produced through the Resource Management in Asia-Pacific (RMAP) Program based at The Australian National University in Canberra.

One of the most hotly debated issues of fisheries policy in the Pacific is whether or not public funds should be used to finance commercial tuna fishing ventures. Many commentators from within the region argue for public investment in the industry to stimulate domestication. In this paper we propose an alternative policy in which tuna fishing revenues are invested offshore through a trust fund, rather than re-invested in domestic commercial fishing activity. Trust fund earnings could then be used to stimulate and support private sector initiatives and alternative economic activities. We use the example of Kiribati, one of the poorer Pacific island countries, to illustrate how offshore investment through a trust fund has succeeded in generating substantial revenues, when most Kiribati government corporations, including a state-owned fishing enterprise, have performed poorly.

Tags: Employment, Finance, Fisheries policy, Human Dimensions | Economic Resources, Kiribati, Offshore investment, Pacific, Private sector initiatives, Public investment, Revenues, Trust fund, Tuna fishing
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Draft - WAMSI 2 - Kimberley Node - 1.2.1 - Modelling the movement and spatial distribution of humpback whales in the nearshore waters of the Kimberley

Management of humpback whales in the waters of the Kimberley is hampered by a lack of integrated approaches to data acquisition and analysis. Extensive aerial and vessel survey and some tagging programs have been conducted over the last decade, predominantly focussed on providing estimates of seasonal abundance and distribution of humpback whales. There has been limited attempt to use these data to quantify the spatial distribution  and identify critical habitat across the Kimberley; information that is urgently required to better inform management in an ecosystem that faces challenges of warming environments, massive industrial development and rapid growth of humpback whale populations (Hedley et al. 2009). 
This project will directly address this need by collating and synthesising all existing data on distribution, abundance and movement patterns of humpback whales and associated environmental data collected across the north-west and in the Kimberley. We will use state-of-the-art analytical approaches to characterise and understand the movement behaviour of humpback whales and the environmental context in which they occur. We will  use this synthesis to identify research gaps and where possible to construct predictive models of the present and future use of the Kimberley region by humpback whales. 
The overarching goal of this project is to develop a better understanding of how humpback whales use the Kimberley including the environmental factors driving this pattern. The spatial and temporal distribution of young calves will be a key focus to better define critical habitat used as calving areas.

Tags: Biosphere | Ecological Dynamics | Population Dynamics, Biosphere | Ecological Dynamics | Survival, Oceans | Marine Biology | Marine Mammals, TBC
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
2016 SoE Marine Chapter - Case Study - Marine debris

The Marine chapter of the 2016 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Case Study "Pressures on the marine environment associated with marine debris". The full Case Study, including figures and tables (where provided), is attached to this record. Where available, the Data Stream(s) used to generate this Case Study are accessible through the "On-line Resources" section of this record.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FOCUS OF THE CASE STUDY
Marine debris is recognized as a globally important stressor in the marine environment, with increasing reports of impacts on marine biodiversity reported during the last four decades and upwards of 6-12 million metric tons of plastic waste entering the oceans each year. However, this pressure was not included in the 2011 assessment, but was identified as an emerging issue in the previous SoE report. Marine litter includes consumer items such as glass or plastic bottles, cans, bags, balloons, rubber, metal, fiberglass, cigarettes and other manufactured materials that end up in the ocean and along the coast, and other materials intentionally or unintentionally discarded at sea. In Australia, marine debris has been identified as a key threatening process for threatened and endangered vertebrate fauna, with approximately ¾ of items found on beaches being comprised of plastic polymers. Marine litter also has socioeconomic impacts, it acts as a transporter of invasive species, can be a navigation hazard and there are increasing concerns over the human health risks due to food security issues from seafood. With estimates of ¾ or more of marine debris coming from land-based sources and continued growth in plastics production and usage, marine debris is a ubiquitous problem, with high but variable concentrations of marine debris found both in coastal and marine environments. 
PRESSURES/ISSUES OF IMPORTANCE
Marine fauna as small as plankton and as large as cetaceans are known interact with marine debris; with entanglement, ingestion and chemical contamination the three main types of interaction. Corals, lugworms, molluscs, commercial fish, seabirds sea turtles, sea snakes, pinnipeds, whales and dolphins are all reported to be impacted by marine debris, with significant quantities of plastics reported in the digestive tracts of several species of marine vertebrates in Australian waters.
DATA STREAM(S) USED IN CASE STUDY
Concentrations [of marine debris] derived from a single survey around Australian coastline and at sea, carried out between 2011-2013 as well as data and analyses presented in peer review publications, a recent review of the TAP for marine debris.

Tags: anthropogenic pressure, case study, expert assessment, marine debris
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Distribution and Abundance of Dugongs, Turtles, Dolphins and other Megafauna in Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia.

Strip-transect aerial surveys of Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf were conducted during the winters of 1989 and 1994.  These surveys were designed primarily to estimate the abundance and distribution of dugongs, turtles, dolphins and other Megafauna.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry (FRRF) data collected on the RV L'Astrolabe from 18/10/2005 to 23/10/2005 (Hobart - Dumont d'Urville)

These data were collected on the RV L'Astrolabe (platform code: FHZI) from 18/10/2005 to 23/10/2005 on a trip from Hobart to Dumont D'Urville.
Maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), also called maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), has become one of the most widely utilized fluorescence parameters in phytoplankton research. It represents the potential photochemical efficiency, which is the probability that the light energy captured by the photosynthetic apparatus is being utilized as photochemistry. Fv/Fm has been shown to have an instant response to variations in physical and chemical properties and is interpreted as a diagnostic of the overall health or competence of phytoplankton. Together with the absorption cross section area of PSII and chlorophyll concentration, it can be used to measure primary production (Cheah et al. 2011, Deep Sea Research).
Seawater from 3 m depth was supplied continuously from the ship’s clean seawater line. FRR fluorescence yields were measured continuously at 1 minute intervals in dark-adapted state (! 15 minutes dark-adaptation) using a flash sequence consisting of a series of 100 subsaturation flashlets (1.1 μs flash duration and 2.8 μs interflash period) and a series of 20 relaxation flashlets (1.1 μs flash duration and 51.6 μs interflash period).

Tags: Continents | Antarctica, Countries | Australia, Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF), Global/Oceans | Southern Ocean, Instrument's photomultiplier electronic sensitivity (1-256), Latitude, Longitude, Maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), Minimum fluorescence in the light chamber of the FRRF (also used as a proxy for biomass), Oceans | Ocean Temperature | Sea Surface Temperature, Oceans | Salinity/density | Salinity, Photosynthesis, connectivity between PSII reaction centres under actinic light, functional absorption cross section of PSII (measure of the proportion of light harvested for photoc, maximum fluorescence in the light chamber of the FRRF, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II ( (FmL - FoL) / FmL), primary production, time constant of electron transport from PSII to PSI, variable fluorescence (FmL - FoL)
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Surveys of long spined sea urchin (Centrostephanus rodgersii) and barrens habitat, Kent Group, Tasmania 2000

Quantitative surveys were undertaken at four sites in the Kent Group, north eastern Tasmania (southern and northern shores of East Cove at Deal Island, Winter Cove at Deal Island, NE coast of Dover Island)  by divers using underwater visual census methods to survey the reef habitat.

Tags: 24 038004, 24 038006, 25 211001, 25 247001, 28 820001, Algal coverage, Centrostephanus rodgersii, Coverage of urchin barrens, Haliotis laevigata, Haliotis rubra, Heliocidaris erythrogramma, Jasus edwardsii, Substratum type, Temperate Reef
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Current meter and tidal gauge data obtained from a mooring off Bowen Island, Jervis Bay: 05/04/89 - 27/03/90

A current meter mooring was installed at the entrance of Jervis Bay, just off Bowen Island. This mooring housed 2 current meters, at 12m and 30m. Over a period of approx. 1yr the mooring was deployed 5 times in nominally the same location (as illustrated). Deployment 1 - 35.11 S, 150.78 E. Deployments 2-&gt;5 - 35.11 S, 150.772 E.
Datasets presented here correspond to data retrieved from the two current meters over the year. 
The hourly datasets provide data accumulated from all 5 deployments, and provide details of the eastern &amp; northern tidal components, cross &amp; long-shore velocity components, temperature, salinity and sigma-T.
The subsets to these larger datasets, present individual data points collected at sample intervals of 10 mins (deployment 1) or 15 mins (deployments 2, 3, 4, 5). Compared to the hourly averaged datasets, these allow water movements to be studied over a shorter time scale. The parameters measured include the eastern and northern tidal components, water speed and direction, temperature, salinity and sigma-T.
Approx deployment dates - see individual records for exact date and time of collection: 1)  5/4/89 - 4/6/89... 2) 23/6/89 - 28/8/89... 3) 30/8/89 - 13/11/89... 4) 14/11/89 - 29/1/90... 5) 31/1/90 - 28/3/90
TIDE GAUGE: The tide gauge was secured to the mooring line on the sea-bed at a depth of ~35m during the first deployment. Curiously, additional tidal data was gathered from this approximate location (see record for exact coordinates) after the final deployment, between 28/3/90 and 12/7/90. The height of the tidal gauge was also raised to 10m for this additional deployment. In both datasets the tide gauge recorded temperature as well as depth.
This is one of four child records that relate to the parent, 5f4333e0-2ae5-11dd-a735-00188b4c0af8. A pdf outlining the structure and hierarchy of all metadata records relating to this project is available to download through this record. Also available is a pdf of a published working paper documenting this experiment and the results.

Tags: Oceans | Ocean Circulation | Ocean Currents, Oceans | Ocean Temperature | Water Temperature, Oceans | Salinity/density | Salinity, Oceans | Tides | Tidal Components, Oceans | Tides | Tidal Currents, date, depth, direction_of_sea_water_velocity, eastward_sea_water_velocity, latitude, longitude, northward_sea_water_velocity, sea_water_density, sea_water_salinity, sea_water_speed, sea_water_temperature, time
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Ningaloo Marine Park Monitoring Program

Benthic lifeform and substrate monitoring data from 1993 onwards, held in the RM_VPOINT table of the NMPMP database. Percentage cover of different substrate types and benthic organisms (particularly corals), identified to benthic group or lifeform level. Videos are made along fixed transects and data is analysed from stills on a large video screen halted at specified time intervals. The AIMS LTMP monitors about 50 selected reefs throughout the Great Barrier Reef. Transects are recorded at 3 sites per reef, and 3 50m transects per site. Visual transect data is stored in a separate table, and described as a separate but related dataset.

Tags: Benthic Fauna, Biosphere | Aquatic Habitat | Benthic Habitat, Biosphere | Zoology | Corals, Cameras | Video Cameras - underwater, Field Surveys | Underwater Surveys, Long-term Monitoring, Marine Features (Australia) | Ningaloo Marine Park, WA, Oceans | Marine Environment Monitoring | Marine Obstructions
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Heavy Metal data measured during a high rainfall event in Port Jackson, 20 August 2007.

The Sydney Harbour catchment area includes a number of different river systems which drain into the Port Jackson estuary. During high rainfall events the catchment areas behave differently to deliver contaminants into the Port Jackson estuary. Under conditions of high rainfall contaminants are delivered to areas very quickly as freshwater slides over the top of the denser more saline waters of the estuary. Samples were taken along the Port Jackson estuary over two days to determine the behaviour of the freshwater plume as it travels in a layer of freshwater to be flushed or flocculate out at some point in the estuary. Samples were analysed for Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations.

Tags: Oceans | Water Quality | Contaminants, Oceans | Water Quality | Toxic Chemicals, heavy_metal_concentration, latitude, longitude, site
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
ACCESS1-3 model output prepared for CMIP5 sstClim4xCO2 (Version 2015)

sstClim4xco2 is an experiment of the CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5
(http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/). CMIP5 is meant to provide a framework for coordinated
climate change experiments for the next five years and thus includes simulations for
assessment in the AR5 as well as others that extend beyond the AR5.
6.2b sstClim4xco2 (6.2b SST Climatology With 4XCO2 Forcing) - Version 1: AMIP-style experiment with control run climatological SSTs and sea ice (as in 6.2a) but with quadrupled 4XCO2 imposed.
Experiment design: http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/Taylor_CMIP5_design.pdf
List of output variables: http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/standard_output.pdf
Output: time series per variable in model grid spatial resolution in netCDF format
Earth System model and the simulation information: CIM repository
Entry name/title of data are specified according to the Data Reference Syntax
(http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/cmip5_data_reference_syntax.pdf)
as activity/product/institute/model/experiment/frequency/modeling realm/MIP table/ensemble
member/version number/variable name/CMOR filename.nc.

Tags: 0399 - Other Chemical Sciences, 0401 - Atmospheric Sciences, 0405 - Oceanography, 0406 - Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Atmospheric Sciences, National Computational Infrastructure (NCI), Oceanography, Other Chemical Sciences (Environmental Chemistry), Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Coastalwatch: Coastal Condition Monitoring System - Lennox Head

Since its launch in 1998, Coastalwatch has become Australia's most popular water sports website, and is consistently ranked in the top eight sporting websites. The site displays live vision from over 90 coastal locations around Australia and overseas. It also provides daily surf reports, swell forecasting, weather information and news; as well as video, photographic and editorial content. 
Coastalwatch has also developed a Coastal Conditions Monitoring System, which utilises the camera network to make a significant contribution to safer coastal use and more efficient and cost effective coastal management.  To this end, Coastalwatch has partnered with Surf Life Saving Australia and Surfing Australia; and supports Volunteer Rescue organisations, community groups, and charities such as SurfAid International and the Surfrider Foundation Australia.  
Coastalwatch is committed to bringing the coast to all Australians and overseas visitors, and becoming the premier reference site for all coastal user groups. With this in mind, Coastalwatch is dedicated to assisting with sound coastal zone research and management through the use of all its resources.

Tags: Oceans | Coastal Processes | Beaches, Oceans | Coastal Processes | Erosion, Oceans | Coastal Processes | Intertidal Zone, Oceans | Coastal Processes | Longshore Currents, Oceans | Coastal Processes | Shoreline Displacement, Oceans | Coastal Processes | Shorelines, Oceans | Coastal Processes | Tidal Height, Oceans | Ocean Waves | Wave Frequency, Oceans | Ocean Waves | Wave Height
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
NESP TWQ Project 1.9 - The establishment of a future NESP dredging research investment framework, 2015-2015 (AIMS)

The project will conduct an inclusive facilitated workshop with key researchers and stakeholders to identify the future knowledge needs for improved management of dredging activities in the GBR. Building upon the recent dredging synthesis and other resources, this workshop will distill a clear, prioritized research framework to inform future NESP investment into dredging research. The framework will: (i) define the scope of work required to develop and apply improved sediment transport models for the GBR lagoon, (ii) identify and quantify the type and extent of ecological impacts, especially of maintenance dredging activities and (iii) identify management options including innovative amelioration approaches.

Tags: National Environmental Science Programme Tropical Water Quality (NESP TWQ) hub, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Maternal effects in gene expression of interspecific coral hybrids

Parental coral colonies of A. tenuis and A. loripes were collected from Trunk Reef on the central Great Barrier Reef in November 2015. During spawning, four offspring groups (i.e., reciprocal F1 hybrids and two parental purebreds: TT (purebred A. tenuis), TL (hybrid), LT (hybrid) and LL (purebred A. loripes), were recruited and settled onto ceramic plugs. Detailed crossing protocol and experimental design is described in Chan et al. (2018).
Coral recruits were reared under treatment conditions in filtered seawater for seven months at the National Sea Simulator of the Australian Institute of Marine Science. Treatment conditions included exposure to ambient or elevated temperature and pCO2 conditions:
ambient conditions (27&amp;ordm;C and 415 ppm pCO2)

elevated conditions (ambient +1 &amp;deg;C and 685 ppm pCO2)

RNA-sequencing was conducted and the analysis showed that gene expression of the hybrid Acropora also showed clear maternal effects. Further details are presented in the paper Chan, WY, Chung, J, Peplow, LM, Hoffmann, AA, van Oppen, MJH. Maternal effects in gene expression of interspecific coral hybrids. Mol Ecol. 2021; 30: 517&ndash; 527. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15727

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
IMOS - Ocean Gliders - Seaglider deployment off Bicheno (August 2010 - January 2011)

The dataset contains temperature, salinity and biological parameters like for example dissolved oxygen and turbidity data measured by a Seaglider off Bicheno (Tasmania).
The Ocean Gliders Facility (formerly known as the Australian National Facility for Ocean Gliders (ANFOG)), located at the University of Western Australia manages Seagliders to monitor the boundary currents surroundings Australia.
The variables available in this dataset are:
Temperature, salinity, conductivity, density, pressure, chromophoric dissolved oxygen matter, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence and backscatter coefficient at 660nm.

Tags: CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth Profilers), Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM), Countries | Australia, Fluorometers, Glider, IMOS Node | Bluewater and Climate, Oceans | Ocean Chemistry | Chlorophyll, Oceans | Ocean Chemistry | Oxygen, Oceans | Ocean Chemistry | Suspended Solids, Oceans | Ocean Circulation | Ocean Currents, Oceans | Ocean Optics | Fluorescence, Oceans | Ocean Optics | Turbidity, Oceans | Ocean Temperature | Water Temperature, Oceans | Salinity/density | Conductivity, Seaglider, States, Territories (Australia) | Tasmania, concentration_of_coloured_dissolved_organic_matter, fluorescence_in_sea_water, mass_concentration_of_oxygen_in_sea_water, sea_water_electrical_conductivity, sea_water_pressure, sea_water_salinity, sea_water_temperature, volumetric_backscatter_coefficient
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network