AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
2016 SoE Marine Chapter - Pressures - Climate Change - Dissolved oxygen and oxygen minimum zones

The Marine chapter of the 2016 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Expert Assessment "Pressures on the marine environment associated with climate change - oceanic dissolved oxygen and oxygen minimum zones in shelf and offshore regions". The full Expert Assessment, including figures and tables (where provided), is attached to this record. Where available, the Data Stream(s) used to generate this Expert Assessment are accessible through the "On-line Resources" section of this record.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESSURE
The ocean is undergoing physical and chemical changes as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere rise. These changes are warming the upper ocean, altering the upper ocean density structure and acidifying the oceans (see ocean sections).  Oxygen is consumed in aerobic respiration and most marine ecosystems are composed of aerobic organisms that need oxygen to survive. Due to aerobic respiration, the dissolved oxygen concentrations in the ocean are lowest in the intermediate water (300 m to 1000 m).  In coastal regions with limited circulation the biological consumption of oxygen can lower oxygen considerably. Global warming is projected to reduced the dissolved oxygen and lead to expansion of areas with low oxygen (Cocco et al., 2013).
DATA STREAM(S) USED IN EXPERT ASSESSMENT
Offshore data from around Australia from the latest CARS compilation (CARS2009a v1.1, as of 12 July 2010). See http://www.marine.csiro.au/atlas/

2016 SOE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY [see attached Expert Assessment for full details]
• 2016 •
Assessment grade: Low impact
Assessment trend: Unclear
Confidence grade: Evidence and consensus too low to make an assessment
Confidence trend: Evidence and consensus too low to make an assessment
Comparability: Grade and trend are somewhat comparable to the 2011 assessment
• 2011 •
Assessment grade: Very good
Assessment trend: Stable
Confidence grade: Limited evidence or limited consensus
Confidence trend: Limited evidence or limited consensus

CHANGES SINCE 2011 SOE ASSESSMENT
Unclear what data were used in the 2011 assessment; the 2016 assessment is based on the latest CARS compilations and so includes observations added to CARS 2011-2016.

Tags: climate change, dissolved oxygen, environmental pressures, expert assessment
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
WAMSI 2 - Kimberley Node - Project 2.1.2 - Human values and aspirations for coastal waters of the Kimberley

The aims of the project are:

Describe  and  analyse  the  social  values  of  people  associated  with  the  coastal  waters  of  the  western  Kimberley,  especially  Indigenous community  members
 
Map  these  values  so  they  can  be  included  in  decision  making  that  relies  on  mapping  and 
spatially‐based  decisions.
 
Identify  and  analyse  peoples’  aspirations  regarding  possible  futures  for  the  western 
Kimberley  coastline.  

The following data were collected:
Social values &amp; preferences data:
- Exploratory and descriptive research generating comprehensive baseline social information on values and management preferences from a broad range of stakeholder groups. Data is relevant to informing broad-scale marine and coastal planning.
- Spatially explicit data on values and management preferences from a range of stakeholder groups associated with the Kimberley coast.
- Spatially explicit data on values, activities and management preferences from tourists at Port Smith.
- Spatial data collected as raw polygon (Phase 1) and point mapping data (Phase 2 &amp; 3) for values. For Phases 2 &amp; 3 point mapping data is also available for  management preferences. Phase 3 also captured point mapping data on tourist activities.
Choice experiment survey data:
- Socio-economic information about respondents to the choice experiment survey
- Choices between alternative, spatially explicit, management options for the Kimberley coast, these choices can be used to infer people’s preferences for different attributes of the Kimberley coast.
Data stored as Geodatabase files (MurdochUni_Kimberley_values.gdb, MurdochUNi_Kimberley_PPGIS2015.gdb, Port_Smith_Karajarri.gdb)

Tags: Human Dimensions | Boundaries | Surveys, Online_PPGIS_survey, Port_Smith_visitor_values, sampling_description
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
IMOS - National Mooring Network - Queensland and Northern Australia Lizard Island Slope (GBRLSL) Mooring

The QLD Lizard Island Slope Mooring (IMOS Platform Code: GBRLSL) is one of two moorings near Lizard Island, offshore from Cape York in Queensland, Australia at Latitude: -14.339, Longitude: 145.343 (approximate, adjustments with each deployment). 
The mooring’s sensors are adjusted and potentially change with each deployment, below is an example from 2011:
- SBE19Plus CTD
- RDI Workhorse ADCP
- NORTEK ADCP (wave data)
- 3x SBE39 temperature recorders
- 2x WetLabs Water Quality Meters

Tags: Buoys | Moored Buoys, CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth Profilers), Current Meters/Profilers | Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), Fluorometers, IMOS Platform | GBRLSL | Lizard Slope Mooring, Oceans | Bathymetry | Water Depth, Oceans | Ocean Chemistry | Oxygen, Oceans | Ocean Circulation | Ocean Currents, Oceans | Ocean Optics | Fluorescence, Oceans | Ocean Optics | Turbidity, Oceans | Ocean Temperature | Water Temperature, Oceans | Salinity/density | Conductivity, moles_of_oxygen_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water, optical_backscattering_coefficient, sea_water_pressure, sea_water_salinity, sea_water_speed, sea_water_temperature
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Response of black tip reef sharks to highly contrasting colour patterns that may reduce interactions of sharks with humans

A study was conducted at Ningaloo Reef to determine the response of Black Tip Reef Sharks to various colour patterns using a passive underwater video approach to document shark behaviour. The colour patterns were derived in order to test whether shark interactions could be reduced by using a highly contrasting colour pattern on watercraft and wets suits. Results suggested that there was an affect of the colouration on shark behaviour, however, the power of the analysis was weak due to small sample sizes.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Quantifying the isotopic composition of oxygen and carbon through time in the core MD032607, located off South Australia

The calcareous tests of Globigerina bulloides are analysed to quantify the isotopic composition of oxygen and carbon through time at core site MD032607 (137.4065 E, 36.9606 S).The lightest 18O value of 0.43ppt was recorded during the Holocene (20cm depth) while the heaviest 18O value of -2.71ppt was registered at the LGM (300cm depth). The 13C record ranges from a minimum at approximately 25cm (~2155yrs BP) of 0.00ppt, to a maximum value at 120cm (~10,330yrs BP) of 1.26ppt.

Tags: Paleoclimate | Ocean/lake Records | Isotopes, amount_of_carbon-13_isotope_ga._bulloides, amount_of_oxygen-18_isotope_ga._bulloides, core_depth
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Wind statistics at Governor Head Meteorological Station, Jervis Bay in January 1990

This dataset is a component of the 'Jervis Bay Baseline Studies' project conducted by the Department of Defence, CSIRO and the Australian Defence Force Academy.
The meteorological station (35.133S, 150.762E) recorded winds and atmospheric pressure at Governor Head (Jervis Bay). The site is several hundred metres inland of 50m high cliffs and is 63m above sea-level.
This record provides wind statistics for January 1990. Five datasets are included here representing different times of the day: 0000-0545, 0600-1145, 1200-1745 and 1800-2345. Individual measurements have been converted so that trends of wind speed and direction can be seen for the time period in question. The fifth dataset incorporates all the wind data collected irrespective of time providing a monthly summary. The station initially recorded wind data at 15 minute intervals.
This is one of thirty-six child records that relate to the parent, 629051e0-2b7b-11dd-a343-00188b4c0af8. A pdf outlining the structure and hierarchy of all metadata records relating to the 'Jervis Bay Baseline Studies' project is available to download through this record. Meteorological data was collected to investigate wind forced circulation in Jervis Bay, NSW.

Tags: Atmosphere | Atmospheric Winds | Surface Winds, date, time, wind_from_direction, wind_speed
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Mean grainsize of surface samples collected from the Lagoon physiographic zone of Wistari Reef

Wistari Reef is a lagoonal platform reef, situated on the Tropic of Capricorn, within the Capricorn and Bunker region of the southern Great Barrier Reef. Nine surface samples were taken from the lagoon area and analysed to determine mean grainsize and the sorting coefficient (expressed as the standard deviation of grainsize). Results indicate that within the lagoon area the average mean grainsize is ~1.25phi, with an average sorting coefficient of 1.04phi.

Tags: Oceans | Coastal Processes | Coral Reefs, Oceans | Marine Sediments | Sediment Grain Size, dominant_coarse_biota, dominant_fine_biota, grainsize, sorting_coefficient
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Ultraviolet radiation absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids in holothurians from the Great Barrier Reef

Holothuroids were collected during daylight from fully exposed, unshaded habitats at Hicks Reef, in December 1988 and Shrimp Reef in July 1991. Specimens were collected by scuba diving or snorkeling at depths between 1 to 20m. The species examined were Actinopyga echinites, Actinopyga lecanora, Bohadschia argus, Holothuria (Halodeima) atra, Holothuria (Halodeima) edulis, Holothuria (Microthele) fuscopunctata, Holothuria (Microthele) nobilis, Pearsonothuria graeffei, Stichopus chloronotus, Stichopus variegatus, Thelenota ananas, Thelenota anax and Synapta maculata.Small sections of tissues (epidermis, body wall, intestinal wall, respiratory trees, gonads, longitudinal muscle, cloaca and entire tentacles) were excised from each specimen. Minced tissues were sequentially extracted 3 times for 20 minutes in 3 cm³ of 100% methanol. The combined extract was clarified by centrifugation and analyzed aboard ship for mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs).Individual MAAs were separated by reverse-phase isocratic HPLC. Detection of peaks was by UV absorbance at 313 and 340 nm. Identities of peaks were confirmed by the wavelength method (ratio of peak areas detected at 313 nm/340 nm) and by co-chromatography with standards. Peaks were integrated on Hewlett-Packard or SpectraPhysics integrators, and quantification of individual MAAs was corrected for extraction efficiency using published molar extinction coefficients.Methanol-extracted tissues were frozen and returned to the Australian Institute of Marine Science for determination of their protein content. Rehydrated tissues were digested in hot 1N NaOH, and after being cooled, neutralized and diluted, the mean protein content of triplicate aliquots was measured using Coomassie Brilliant Blue with bovine gamma globulin standards (Bio-Rad Laboratories).
 Many species of holothurian forage during daylight hours in shallow water and thus may require protection from UV radiation. For this reason, holuthurians were included in ongoing surveys of coral reef organisms for the presence of UV radiation absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). A range of tissue types from 13 deposit feeding species of holothurian were analysed to examine differences in MAA content that may be related to differences in UV exposure.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
NT mapping of green turtle foraging habitat

Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are globally endangered and culturally significant to Indigenous Traditional Owners in northern Australia, yet fine-scale understanding of their foraging habitats remains poorly understood, especially along Australia's remote north-coast. This project mapped green turtle foraging habitats in the Northern Territory, through collaboration with Indigenous Traditional Owners and ranger groups, to assist with their sea country management.
Visual classifications of towed video transect data were used in a Support Vector Machine Learning Model to predict habitat in 379 km² of remotely sensed satellite imagery, overlapping the benthic habitats for two green turtle foraging grounds within the joint managed parks: Trepang Bay, Garig Gunak Barlu Marine Park, and Field Island, Kakadu National Park.
Algae and seagrass made up 30% of the Trepang Bay and 18.05% of the Field Island foraging turtle habitat. The classification accuracy of the model showed a high level of agreement at both sites (0.63 for Trepang Bay and 0.75 for Field Island). These habitats provide good foraging grounds for green turtles and the diversity of marine habitats also allows for a range of different age classes of green turtles to use these sites for a range of other behaviours, e.g. resting and predator avoidance.
The simplicity and repeatability of the field methods used in this study allow for future monitoring of marine habitats in remote areas by ranger groups. The findings are useful for conservation planning, including the development of management plans in the Northern Territory.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
NESP TWQ Project 2.1.2 - Scoping options for low-lying, marginal cane land to reduce DIN in priority wet tropics catchments, 2016-2017 (JCU)

This project will explore alternative land use options to reduce nitrogen losses from marginal sugarcane land in priority wet tropics catchments. The Wet Tropics Water Quality Improvement Plan (WQIP) identified that complete adoption of sugarcane best management practices would be insufficient to achieve the nitrogen load reductions needed to meet the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Water Quality Guidelines. We will map low-lying, marginal cane land with community and industry partners, identify possible alternate uses, quantify the economic costs and benefits of land transition (in terms of alternate income streams), identify constraints and opportunities for alternative land uses to reduce nitrogen.

Tags: National Environmental Science Programme Tropical Water Quality (NESP TWQ) hub, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
North West Shelf Joint Environmental Management Study.

Western Australia's North West Shelf is one of the most economically significant coastal and sea regions in Australia. It produces the majority of Australia's domestic and exported oil and gas and its ports carry most of the nation's iron ore exports. The infrastructure supporting these and other industries is concentrated along the coastal fringe or in offshore facilities. These areas are also characterised by habitats of high ecological value, such as mangrove forest, seagrass beds, coral reefs, and sponge beds. These habitats support a diverse fish community, as well as listed species such as dugongs, turtles and whale-sharks. Maintaining the region's environmental assets during a period of rapid industrialisation poses major challenges for all stakeholders in the North West Shelf region. The Western Australian Government recognises that a collaborative and informed approach is essential in balancing and managing multiple-uses of the North West Shelf ecosystem. As a result, NWSJEMS was established to support ecologically sustainable development of the North West Shelf region. NWSJEMS was a A$7.7m marine environmental study of the North West Shelf, jointly funded by CSIRO and the Western Australian Government. The overarching objective was to develop and demonstrate practical science-based methods that could support integrated regional planning and multiple-use management of the North West Shelf marine ecosystems. The first major component of the study was compiling, extending and integrating information and understanding of the ecosystems and human activities of the North West Shelf. This included reviews of existing information, collation of existing data, filling key gaps through collection of new data, and development of new data products such as maps and habitat classifications. The second component was the development of a range of ecological models that combined data products with process understanding to generate new insights into the dynamics of the North West Shelf system and provide a predictive capability. The models included ocean currents and connectivity, sediment transport, nutrient cycling and primary production, food web interactions, and habitat dynamics. The third component was the development of a new modelling framework for evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for managing major sectors operating on the North West Shelf. This required representation of the ecosystem, the human sectors, and a simulated monitoring and management decision process. The framework was used to evaluate management strategies under various scenarios, taking into account known uncertainties, so as to identify strategies that could robustly meet management objectives. The fourth component was integral to the success of the study. It was the development of tools that allowed both study participants and a broader user group to access, explore and retrieve study results, including data products and model outputs. Where feasible, these were developed as online interactive tools or distributed on DVD.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Influence of asexual reproduction on Holothuria atra and Stichopus chloronotus populations on the Great Barrier Reef

Densities and individual wet weights of Holothuria atra and Stichopus chloronotus were measured on near-shore reefs of the central Great Barrier Reef, to determine the effect of asexual reproduction by transverse fission on the population structure of holothurians. Permanent stations were established at Fantome Island, Brook Island and at two sites in Little Cannon Bay, Great Palm Island.Holothurian densities were estimated every 1 to 3 months between March 1995 and August 1996 and again in April 1997 after Cyclone Justin, which occurred in March 1997. Fixed transect lines were established parallel to the shore and for each survey, a number of sub-transects, each 10 m long were deployed at random intervals, perpendicular to the transect line and all individuals within 1 m either side of each 10 m transect were counted. Only Holothuria atra was counted at Brook and Fantome Islands as Stichopus chloronotus does not occur at these sites.At Brook Island, transect lines were established at 5-15 m and 25-35 m seawards from the mean high tide level and 10 sub-transects were deployed per line. Twenty sub-transects were deployed from a single 100 m transect line at Fantome Island. At Great Palm Island, 10 sub-transects were deployed along a single transect line at one site and along two transect lines at a second site, which were set 10-20 m and 30-40 seaward of the mean high tide level. Additional 50 x 2m line transects were counted at both sites on Great Palm Island on a number of occasions.Weight frequency distributions were determined for Stichopus chloronotus from both sites at Great Palm Island and for Holothuria atra from Fantome Island and Brook Island. Random samples of each population, including intact individuals and fission products were collected and wet weights were measured on shore after allowing individuals to eject water from their respiratory trees. In addition, 151 recently divided Holothuria atra and 120 Stichopus chloronotus were weighed to determine the size range of fission products.All weights were grouped into 10 or 15 g size classes and biomass for each sampling month was calculated as the frequency of each weight class x the modal value of the class x the density. For months where size structure or density was not estimated, values for closest sampling occasion were used in calculations.A conceptual model based on these and previous findings was developed and 5 factors (mortality, habitat stability, optimum individual size, food availability and larval supply) were hypothesized as having an influence on promotion or repression of transverse fission.
 This study was undertaken to determine the effect of asexual reproduction by transverse fission on the population structure of holothurians.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
One Tree Island Sensor Relay Pole 2 (RP2)

A 6m steel pole has been installed within a small bommie within Second Lagoon of One Tree Island as part of the sensor network infrastructure at One Tree Island in the southern Great Barrier Reef off Gladstone, Australia. The sensor-relay pole provides a platform for the installation of sensors to measure and monitor water conditions within the lagoon of One Tree Island. The pole has real time communications using 900MHz spread spectrum radio back to a base station on One Tree Island. The pole is initially configured with a single thermistor string with six thermistors that is located down the outer wall of the bommie into the second lagoon and so provides a temperature profile of the second lagoon of One Tree Island. The data is collected every 10 minutes and relayed via the base station to the Data Centre at the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS).The system uses a Campbell Scientific logger into which the sensors are connected. The equipment is serviced every six months with plans to install additional instruments such as pressure and salinity. The pole is available for mounting of additional third part instruments and so forms an infrastructure to support future observational work at the Island.
 The Pole is one of three located in One Tree Island, one in each of the main sub-lagoons that make up the main lagoon of the reef. Each pole communicates with the other poles and back to the base station located on the Island using spread-spectrum radios, the base station currently uses a Telstra nextG connection back to the mainland and from there the data goes back to AIMS. The poles have a Campbell Scientific CR1000 logger into which the sensors are attached, the logger stores the data and then forwards it to the base station. The current sensors deployed include thermistor strings on each pole and a Vaisala WXT520 weather station on RP3.
 Power SupplyBattery Backed (1 x 33Ahr AGM with Solar Regulator), 4 x 5W Solar Panel Supply.Logger Settings - Pakbus Address - 220Logger Setup as router (isRouter = True)CSDC7 comms board rate set at 34KOver-Reef RF Network - RF411 attached to the CSIO port of the loggerRadio Settings - Active Interface - Datalogger CSDCSDC Address 7Protocol: Pakbus awareRadio Net Address - 0Hop Sequence - 0Power mode - Retry level - Low

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network