AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral logging of middle Cambrian marine sediments with hydrocarbon prospectivity: a case study from the southern Georgina Basin, northern Australia

The Georgina Basin is a Neoproterozoic'Paleozoic basin that spans parts of the Northern Territory and Queensland in northern Australia. The basin is prospective for petroleum, phosphate and base metals (copper, lead and zinc). The Dulcie and Toko synclines in the southern part of the basin are prospective for petroleum, where a thick Cambro-Ordovician succession of marine carbonates hosts several source rocks and associated oil and gas shows. The key source rock units occur within the middle Cambrian Narpa Group including both the Thorntonia Limestone (Series 2 and 3) and the Arthur Creek Formation (Series 3). The base of the Arthur Creek Formation is characterised by organic-rich 'hot' shales (associated with a prominent gamma spike in well logs) that have been targeted by petroleum explorers for both conventional and unconventional oil and gas. For this study, hyperspectral logging data collected by HyLoggerTM instruments were evaluated from 13 wells in the southern Georgina Basin, including petroleum, mineral and stratigraphic wells. Formation boundaries are often (but not always) characterised by distinctive changes in mineralogy, as determined by spectral and X-ray diffraction data. Key source rock units in the southern Georgina Basin were characterised and mapped in terms of their mineralogy, and other spectral properties (e.g. short-wave infra-red 'SWIR' reflectance and spectral contrast). Interpretation of the hyperspectral data alongside wireline log data supports the differentiation of two organic-rich shale units within the Arthur Creek Formation, previously distinguished on the basis of biostratgraphy and well log data. The older shale unit in the Dulcie Syncline, is characterised by quartz and carbonate mineralogy. A younger shale unit, distributed across the eastern part of the Dulcie Syncline and the Toko Syncline, is characterised by quartz, carbonate and variable white-mica contents. Key associations are observed between HyLogger mineralogy and geophysical log data. Peaks in the gamma log intensity in the middle Cambrian sediments often correspond to elevated measured total organic carbon contents, decreased carbonate contribution, Short-Wave Infrared reflectance and spectral contrast, and relatively-increased proportions of white micas and quartz. This study demonstrates that HyLogging data can provide an improved understanding of the sedimentological, mineralogical and diagenetic characteristics, as well as associated spatial heterogeneity, of prospective hydrocarbon formations in sedimentary basins.

Tags: Earth Sciences, Petroleum Geology, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
The Magnitude and Frequency of Combined Flow Bed Shear Stress as a Measure of Exposure on the Australian Continental Shelf

Benthic habitats on the continental shelf are strongly influenced by exposure to the effects of surface ocean waves, and tidal, wind and density driven ocean currents. These processes combine to induce a combined flow bed shear stress upon the seabed which can mobilise sediments or directly influence organisms disturbing the benthic environment. Output from a suite of numerical models predicting these oceanic processes have been utilised to compute the combined flow bed shear stresses over the entire Australian continental shelf for an 8-year period (March 1997- February 2005 inclusive). To quantify the relative influence of extreme or catastrophic combined flow bed shear stress events and more frequent events of smaller magnitude, three methods of classifying the oceanographic levels of exposure are presented: 



A spectral regionalisation method, 

A method based on the shape of the probability distribution function, and 

A method which assesses the balance between the amount of work a stress does on the seabed, and the frequency with which it occurs. 


Significant relationships occur between the three regionalisation maps indicating seabed exposure to oceanographic processes and physical sediment properties (mean grain size and bulk carbonate content), and water depth, particularly when distinction is made between regions dominated by high-frequency (diurnal or semi-diurnal) events and low-frequency (synoptic or annual) events. It is concluded that both magnitude and frequency of combined-flow bed shear stresses must be considered when characterising the benthic environment. The regionalisation outputs of the Australian continental shelf presented in this study are expected to be of benefit to quantifying exposure of seabed habitats on the continental shelf to oceanographic processes in future habitat classification schemes for marine planning and policy procedures.

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, continental margins, model
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Marine Seismic Survey Impacts on Fish and Invertebrates: Final Report for Gippsland Marine Environmental Monitoring Study

This report is the culmination of the Gippsland Marine Environmental Monitoring (GMEM) project. The GMEM was developed in response to stakeholder concerns from the fisheries industry about a Geoscience Australia seismic survey in the Gippsland Basin (GA352 in April 2015), in addition to a broader need to acquire baseline data to be used to quantify impacts of seismic operations on marine organisms. The GMEM involves six components: 1) Theoretical sound modelling, 2) Sound monitoring and field-based modelling, 3) Scallop assessment using an Automated Underwater Vehicle (AUV), 4) Scallop assessment using dredging 5) Fish avoidance behaviour using acoustic tagging and monitoring, and 6) Analysis of fisheries catch data. The results and interpretations of these components are detailed in this final report.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Environmental conditions and microbial community structure during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event; a multi-disciplinary study from the Canning Basin, Western Australia

The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) is regarded as one of the most significant evolutionary events in the history of Phanerozoic life. The present study integrates palynological, petrographic, molecular and stable isotopic (&delta;13C of biomarkers) analyses of cores from four boreholes that intersected the Goldwyer Formation, Canning Basin, Western Australia, to determine depositional environments and microbial diversity within a Middle Ordovician epicontinental, tropical sea. Data from this study indicate lateral and temporal variations in lipid biomarker assemblages extracted from Goldwyer Formation rock samples. These variations likely reflect changing redox conditions between the upper (Unit 4) and lower (Units 1 + 2) Goldwyer, which is largely consistent with existing depositional models for the Goldwyer Formation. Cryptospores were identified in Unit 4 in the Theia-1 well and are most likely derived from bryophyte-like plants, making this is the oldest record of land plants in Australian Middle Ordovician strata. Biomarkers in several samples from Unit 4 that also support derivation from terrestrial organic matter include benzonaphthofurans and δ13C-depleted mid-chain n-alkanes. Typical Ordovician marine organisms including acritarchs, chitinozoans, conodonts and graptolites were present in the lower and upper Goldwyer Formation, whereas the enigmatic organism Gloeocapsomorpha prisca (G. prisca) was only detected in Unit 4. The correlation of a strong G. prisca biosignature with high 3-methylhopane indices and 13C depleted G. prisca–derived chemical fossils (biomarkers) is interpreted to suggest an ecological relationship between methanotrophs and G. prisca. This research contributes to a greater understanding of Ordovician marine environments from a molecular perspective since few biomarker studies have been undertaken on age-equivalent sections. Furthermore, the identification of the oldest cryptospores in Australia and their corresponding terrestrial biomarkers provides further insight into the geographical distribution and evolution of early land plants.

Citation: Gemma Spaak, Dianne S. Edwards, Clinton B. Foster, Anais Pagès, Roger E. Summons, Neil Sherwood, Kliti Grice, Environmental conditions and microbial community structure during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event; a multi-disciplinary study from the Canning Basin, Western Australia, Global and Planetary Change, Volume 159, 2017, Pages 93-112, ISSN 0921-8181
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.10.010.

Tags: Biomarkers, Canning Basin, Cryptospores, Darriwilian, EARTH SCIENCES, Gloeocapsomorpha prisca, Methanotrophs, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
MODIS Derived Sea Surface Temperature dataset: Seasonal Variations

The dataset measures the long-term seasonal variations of the sea surface temperature (SST) of ocean surface waters. They are derived from MODIS (aqua) images using NASA's SeaDAS image processing software. The monthly SST images between July 2002 and December 2017 are used to calculate the standard deviations of the four austral seasons: winter (June, July, and August), spring (September, October and November), summer (December, January and February) and autumn (March, April and May). The extent of the dataset covers the entire Australian EEZ and surrounding waters (including the southern ocean). The unit of the dataset is Celsius degree.

This research is supported by the National Environmental Science Program (NESP) Marine Biodiversity Hub through Project D1.

Tags: Earth Sciences, MODIS, Marine Biodiversity Hub, National Environmental Science Program, Published_External, SST
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Survey 97 : Operations Report for the Joint BMR/Woodside Petroleum High Resolution Seismic Program in the Dampier Sub-Basin, October 1990

Seismic acquisition for the joint BMR-Woodside Petroleum program in the Dampier Sub-basin started at 0800 am on October 24, 1990 and was completed at 1150 am on Sunday October 28, 1990. A total of 352 km of high resolution seismic data was collected along the 17 agreed survey lines, of which 336 km were full stack data with a total 390 magnetic tapes being used. Data quality appears to be good. In addition to the seismic, a total of 530.6 km of water column geochemical data were also collected.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, hydrocarbons, marine, marine survey, seismics
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Interactions between saline redbed groundwaters and peritidal carbonates, Spencer Gulf, South Australia: significance for models of stratiform copper ore genesis

A commonly cited model for the genesis of stratiform Cu deposits that lack either igneous or hydrothermal associations has been tested in modern environments, on the northeastern shore of Spencer Gulf, South Australia. In this area, saline continental redbed groundwaters mobilise Fe and Mn from the aquifer sediments and transport these metals to coastal Holocene carbonate complexes. There they may precipitate in sediments in ephemeral lakes or around springs formed by the emerging ground waters. The continental groundwaters are generally acidic and oxidising, and they discharge mainly in the supratidal zone, remote from the major areas of bacterial sulphate reduction in the intertidal zones of the sedimentary complexes. Conversion of Fe in the groundwaters to sulphides is not widespread, but occurs if the influence of the ground waters is attenuated by seasonal decrease in flow rate or by interaction with the alkaline, reducing marine carbonate environment of the peritidal zones. The Spencer Gulf investigations strongly support the contention that terrestrial groundwaters of suitable pH, Eh, and salinity for the transport of high concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn may be generated in semi-arid climates, and that these groundwaters are capable of mobilising large quantities of metals held in Fe-oxide grain coatings. The formation of a stratiform metal deposit zoned in accordance with metal sulphide solubilities is more difficult to envisage. The absence from the supratidal sequence of a thick deposit of organic matter capable of sustaining bacterial sulphate reduction means that the metals are more likely to be removed from solution by adsorption onto the marine carbonates, or by oxidation and precipitation as oxides or hydroxides.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, SA, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Pollution markers at ecological monitoring sites (NESP MB C2)

Investigations of the impact of sewage and heavy metal inputs on inshore rocky reef communities have been limited to date because the scale of information on levels of pollutants has been much broader than the span of transects at sites investigated. As a consequence, analyses have been confounded by poor information on the variety of stressors operating at any site. Finer resolution data on pollutants are needed.

To address this deficiency, the influence of sewage, heavy metals and other pollutants were assessed by collecting sediment samples at Reef Life Survey ecological monitoring sites and measuring a range of associated markers. This includes basic biogeochemical information (pH, turbidity, total phosphate, TKN, total organic carbon), stable isotopes (delta15N, delta13C), heavy metal concentrations, hydrocarbon concentrations.

Tags: % of 1.2-Dichloroethane-D4 in total phenolic hydrocarbons (by volume) / BTEX surrogate, % of 4-Bromofluorobenzene in total phenolic hydrocarbons (by volume) / BTEX surrogate, % of Toluene-D8 in total phenolic hydrocarbons (by volume) / BTEX surrogate, C:N molar ratio of kelp, Concentration of antimony in sediment, Concentration of arsenic in sediment, Concentration of cadmium in sediment, Concentration of chromium in sediment, Concentration of cobalt in sediment, Concentration of copper in sediment, Concentration of iron in sediment, Concentration of lead in sediment, Concentration of manganese in sediment, Concentration of mercury in sediment, Concentration of nickel in sediment, Concentration of nitrogen in sediment, Concentration of phosphorus in sediment, Concentration of selenium in sediment, Concentration of silver in sediment, Concentration of total organic carbon in sediment, Concentration of vanadium in sediment, Concentration of zinc in sediment, Heavy metals, Microplastics, Number of microplastic filament items, Number of microplastic particle items, Organic pollution, Pollution, Sediment Particle Size 0.063mm (% by volume), Sediment Particle Size 0.125mm (% by volume), Sediment Particle Size 0.25mm (% by volume), Sediment Particle Size 0.5mm (% by volume), Sediment Particle Size 1mm (% by volume), Sediment Particle Size 2mm (% by volume), Sediment Particle Size 4mm (% by volume), Sediment Particle Size <0.063mm (% by volume), Sediment sample volume, Total number of microplastic items, Wave Exposure (after Hill et al 2010), d13C of kelp relative to VPDB, d15N of kelp relative to air, d15N of sediment relative to air
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Rib Reef Depth From 14 Dec 2011 To 24 Jun 2016

The 'Wireless Sensor Networks Facility' (formerly known as Facility for The Automated Intelligent Monitoring of Marine Systems (FAIMMS)), part of the Great Barrier Reef Ocean Observing System project (GBROOS), is a facility of the Australian 'Integrated Marine Observing System' (IMOS) project. This data set was collected by the Great Barrier Reef Wireless Sensor Network.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
National Seafloor GeoMorphology (NSGM) mapping workshop

Geoscience Australia is leading the development of a scheme to map and classify seabed morphology and geomorphology at multiple spatial scales, for use by a range of disciplines and end-users. Central to the effort is the development of a consistent vocabulary and mapping standard, which is now in draft form as the National Seafloor GeoMorphology (NSGM) mapping scheme.

On 29th October 2018 a National Seafloor Geomorphology workshop was held at Geoscience Australia. The workshop was attended by representatives from Commonwealth and State agencies, industry and universities, and had the following objectives:



Engage with marine geoscience practitioners: we are seeking feedback and input on the science of the draft NSGM

Engage with state agencies: determine how to connect the draft NSGM scheme to the coast (intertidal and shallow subtidal)

Reach agreement towards the creation of a standard scheme for seafloor geomorphology mapping in Australia.


Coastal and marine researchers and practitioners in sedimentology, geomorphology and ecology, and state and Parks Australia representatives presented their own approaches to mapping the seafloor. Participants also commented on the translation of their own schemes to the draft NSGM scheme, and on the structure and breadth of the NSGM scheme. This feedback and other discussion points are represented later in this summary.

Tags: Geomorphology and earth surface processes, Marine geoscience, Published_External, mapping, marine geomorphology, seabed
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
SKI0001 Southern Kangaroo Island Mapping expedition Bathymetry 2022 (20220124S)

The Southern Kangaroo Island Mapping expedition, SurveyID SKI0001 was acquired by Precision Hydrographic Service Pty Ltd, onboard the Southern Ranger. The Bathymetry was captured from the 3rd of February to the 7th of February 2022 using a Kongsberg 2040P MBES. 

Objective: The objective of the Southern Kangaroo Island survey was to conduct a multibeam bathymetry and backscatter survey of five areas south of Kangaroo Island for the purpose of habitat mapping.

Not to be used for navigational purposes

Tags: AusSeabed, Backscatter, Bathymetry, Digital Delivery, EARTH SCIENCES, Indian Ocean, Marine, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, Resourcing Australia's Prosperity, Southern Ocean, Southern Ranger, multi-beam echosounders
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Heard Island Current Meter (Mooring) Data 1990-91

This dataset comprises the current meter data collected from Heard Island (Southern Ocean) during May 1990-January 1991. There is 1 mooring with 5 current meters represented in this dataset. Parameters typically recorded in current meter data comprise east-west and north-south velocity components, water temperature, pressure, and salinity at a nominal depth for each current meter. The data have been processed and are archived as part of the holdings of the CMR Data Centre in Hobart.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Carbon, hydrogen and helium isotope systematics of natural gases from the onshore and offshore Perth Basin, Australia

From the beginning of petroleum exploration in the Perth Basin, the importance of the Early Triassic marine Kockatea Shale was recognised as the principal source for liquid petroleum in the onshore northern Perth Basin (Powell and McKirdy, 1976).  Thomas and Barber (2004) constrained the effective source rock to a Early Triassic, middle Sapropelic Interval in the Hovea Member of the lower Kockatea Shale.  In addition, Jurassic and Permian sourced-oils (Summons et al., 1995) demonstrate local effective non-Kockatea source rocks. However, evidence for multiple effective gas source rocks is limited. This study utilizes the molecular composition and carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of 34 natural gases from the Perth Basin, extending the previous study (Boreham et al., 2001) to the offshore and includes hydrogen isotopes and gases. It shows the existence of Jurassic to Permain gas systems in the Perth Basin.

Tags: Published_External, carbon, gaseous hydrocarbons, helium, hydrogen, isotope
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Seafloor Morphology and Acoustic Facies of the George V Land Shelf

To study the seafloor morpholofy on the George V land shelf, East Antarctica, over 2000 kilometres of high-frequency echo-sounder data were collected between February and March 2000. The acoustic facies are explained in terms of glacial and oceanographic influences on the shelf since the Last Glacial Maximum.

Tags: AQ, Antarctic data, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
AGSO Research Newsletter 26

Titles in this newsletter:
Mineral-mapping in the north Pilbara Craton: A directed-principal-components-of-band-ratios method for correlating Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper spectral data with geology
Proterozoic thrusting in the Osmand Range area of the East Kimberley, Western Australia
Rock magnetism gets under way in AGSO
Piercing the regolith veil: Identifying parent rocks from weathered equivalents, Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia
Pieces of eight: Charting the event-related surfaces of the Mount Isa and McArthur basins
Balanced petrology of the crust in the Mount Isa region
Rocks of Mount Isa Group age in the Eastern Fold Belt
Recent tectonics and landscape evolution in the Broken Hill region
Why sequence stratigraphy and not lithostratigraphy for exploration?
Geodynamic models and palaeomagnetic constraints on the evolution of the North West Shelf

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Research Newsletter, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network