AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Woody Extent and Foliage Projective Cover - Spot, OEH algorithm, NSW

This dataset contains maps of woody vegetation extent and woody foliage projective cover (FPC) for New South Wales at 5 metre resolution. 

Woody vegetation is a key feature of our landscape and an integral part of our society. We value it because it contributes to the economy, protects the land, provides us with recreation, and gives refuge to the unique and diverse range of fauna that we regard so highly. Yet it poses a significant threat to us in times of fire and storm. So information about trees is vital for a range of business, property planning, monitoring, risk assessment, and conservation activities. 

The datasets are: 
Woody vegetation extent. A presence/absence map showing areas of trees and shrubs, taller than two metres, that are visible at the resolution of the imagery used in the analysis. This shows the location, extent, and density of foliage cover for stands of woody vegetation, enabling identification of small features such as trees in paddocks and scattered woodlands through to the largest expanses of forest in the State. Woody extent products contain 'bcu' in the file name.

Woody foliage projective cover (FPC). FPC is a measure of the proportion of the ground area covered by foliage (or photosynthetic tissue) held in a vertical plane and is a measure of canopy density. Woody FPC products contain 'bcv' in the file name. 

Both mosaics and tiles are available, along with a shape file that identifies the location of the tiles.

Tags: trees
Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Cow Bay Flux Data Release 2024_v2

This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.17) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).

The Cow Bay flux station was established in December 2008 and managed by James Cook University. The forest is classified as complex mesophyll vine forest, there are 94 species in the core 1&nbsp;Ha, and average tree height is 22&nbsp;m. Elevation of the site is 90&nbsp;m and mean annual precipitation is 3935&nbsp;mm. The Daintree Rainforest is one of the most biodiverse forests in Australia. The instruments are mounted on a walk-up tourist tower at 35&nbsp;m. Fluxes of heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide are measured using the open-path eddy flux technique. Supplementary measurements above the canopy include temperature, humidity, windspeed, wind direction, rainfall, incoming and reflected shortwave radiation and net radiation.The early years 2009 - 12 had several data gaps. Shadowing of the radiometric equipment continues to cause artifacts on the radiometers - these can be seen as reduction in downwelling radiation with solar inclination. The site is part of the FNQ Rainforest SuperSite - associated with the Daintree node, which is part of the TERN, Australia. 

Tags: Au-Cow, mesophyll vine forest
Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Gatum FLUXNET Release 2026_r1

This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro as described by Isaac et al. (2017) for the quality control and post-processing steps. The final, gap-filled product containing Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) has been produced using the ONEFlux software as described in Pastorello et al. (2020). This data set has been produced as part of the FLUXNET Shuttle project.

The Gatum Pasture flux station was established in January 2015, stopped in 2021 and was located on private farmland in south western Victoria, approximately 260km west of Melbourne and 15km north west of the nearest settlement, Cavendish (coordinates: -37.3903, 141.9716). Elevation of the site is 250m asl, and the local terrain has a very slight (&lt;1&deg;) south easterly aspect.The ecosystem was a sown pasture dominated by phalaris (<em>Phalaris aquatica L.</em>) and subterrenean clover (<em>Trifolium subteraneum L.</em>) that was regularly fertilised with superphosphate. The pasture was intensively grazed by sheep and cattle. The grass canopy was thus generally &lt;10cm tall, and largely died off during summer and early autumn. Mean annual precipitation was 736mm (Cavendish Bureau of Meteorology station [ID 089043], 1953-2021), and mean annual temperature was 19.2&deg;C (Hamilton Airport Bureau of Meteorology station [ID 090173], 1983-2021).The instrument mast was 3.5m tall. Fluxes of heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide were measured using the open-path eddy covariance technique (at height of 3m). Supplementary measurements above the canopy included temperature, humidity, windspeed, wind direction, rainfall, incoming and reflected shortwave radiation and net radiation. Soil moisture content was measured using frequency domain reflectometry, while soil heat fluxes and temperature were also measured.

Tags: AU-Gat, FLUXNET ID
Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Water count and water prevalence - NSW

This dataset indicates the presence and persistence of water across New South Wales between 1988 and 2012. Water is one of the world’s most important resources as it’s critical for human consumption, agriculture, the persistence of flora and fauna species and other ecosystem services. Information about the spatial distribution and prevalence of water is necessary for a range of business, modelling, monitoring, risk assessment, and conservation activities. For example, one of the necessary steps in the NSW State-wide Landcover and Trees Study (SLATS), which monitors vegetation change and is used in the production of vegetation maps, involves removing non-vegetative features such as water bodies through water masking.

Water count 
The water count product is based on water index and water masks for NSW (Danaher &amp; Collett 2006), and represents the proportion of observations with water present across the Landsat time series as a fraction of total number of possible observations in the 25yr period (1 Jan 1988 to 31 Dec 2012). The product has two bands where band 1 is the number of times water was present across the time series, and band 2 is the count of unobscured (i.e. non-null) input pixels, or number of total observations for that pixel. Cloud, cloud-shadow, steep slopes and topographic shadow can obscure the ability to count water presence.

Water Prevalence
The water prevalence product is extracted from the water count product and provides a measure of the relative persistence of water in the landscape (e.g. from always present to rarely and never present). There are 12 classes representing the percentage of time a pixel has had water present out of the total number of observations for that pixel (i.e Band 1/Band 2 of the water count product). Water prevalence mapping provides information for multiple, wide-reaching applications. For example, distance to locations of persistent water bodies can be modelled as a contributing indicator of potential biodiversity refugia.

Files align with Landsat paths and rows (see https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/nli/landsat/landsat-tools), with files for water count denoted 'dd7' and water prevalence 'ddh'.

Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Litchfield Flux Data Release 2025_v1

This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.18) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).
 
Located in a 5 km2 block of relatively uniform open-forest savanna, the site is representative of high rainfall, frequently burnt tropical savanna.

Tropical savanna in Australia occupies 1.9 million km2 across the north and given the extent of this biome, understanding biogeochemical cycles, impacts of fire on sequestration, vegetation and fauna is a national priority. In the NT, savanna ecosystems are largely intact in terms of tree cover, with only modest levels of land use change. Despite this, there is evidence of a loss of biodiversity, most likely due to shifts in fire regimes and a loss of patchiness in the landscape. Approximately 40 % of the savanna burn every year and understanding fire impacts on fauna and flora is essential for effective land management.


Tags: AU-Lit, Eddy Covariance, open-forest savanna, tropical savanna
Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Sturt Plains Flux Data Release 2025_v2

This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.21) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).

The site is located on a low lying plain dominated by Mitchell Grass (<em>Astrebla</em> spp.). Elevation of the site is close to 250&nbsp;m and mean annual precipitation at a nearby Bureau of Meteorology site is 640&nbsp;mm. Maximum temperatures range from 28.4&nbsp;°C (in June/ July) to 39.1&nbsp;°C (in December), while minimum temperatures range from 11.2&nbsp;°C (in July) to 24.4&nbsp;°C (in December).

The instrument mast is 5&nbsp;m tall. Heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide measurements are taken using the open-path eddy flux technique. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall and net radiation are measured. Soil heat fluxes are measured and soil moisture content is gathered using time domain reflectometry.

Ancillary measurements taken at the site include LAI, leaf-scale physiological properties (gas exchange, leaf isotope ratios, nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations), vegetation optical properties and soil physical properties. Airborne based remote sensing (Lidar and hyperspectral measurements) was carried out at the site in September 2008. Biomass harvest measured: mean live biomass 0.00&nbsp;gm-2 (standard error: 0.00), mean standing dead biomass 163.42&nbsp;gm-2 (standard error: 16.73), mean litter biomass 148.99&nbsp;gm-2 (standard error: 21.32), total mean biomass 312.40&nbsp;gm-2 (standard error: 30.80). Soil consists of: clay 14.47%, silt 51.23%, sand 34.30%.

Tags: AU-Stp, Eddy Covariance
Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Volumetric Soil Water Content, Daintree Experiment at Cape Tribulation

This dataset includes volumetric soil water content measured across soil pits in the lowland rainforest of Cape Tribulation. Data were acquired using time-domain reflectometry (TDR) probes recording at soil surface (10 cm) and at depths (50, 100 and 150 cm) at 4 control points - PB1 and PB8 are in the SW quadrant of the crane plot, PB2 and PB5 are in the NW quadrant of the crane plot.

Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Daintree Rainforest, Cape Tribulation Coarse Woody Debris Data

This data contains diameter, volume and biomass measurements of all coarse woody debris pieces within the core 1 ha plot at the Daintree, Cape Tribulation site in 2014 - 2016.

Tags: Biomass, CWD, Cape Tribulation, Coarse Woody Debris, Daintree, FNQR, Far North Queensland, Rainforest
Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Dry River Flux Data Release 2024_v2

This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.17) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).

The site is classified as open forest savanna. The overstory is co-dominated by tree species <em>Eucalyptus tetrodonta</em>, <em>Eucalyptus dichromophloia</em>, <em>Corymbia terminalis</em>, <em>Sorghum intrans</em>, <em>Sorghum plumosum</em>, <em>Themeda triandra</em> and <em>Chrysopogon fallax</em>, with canopy height averaging 12.3&nbsp;m. Elevation of the site is close to 175&nbsp;m and mean annual precipitation from a nearby Bureau of Meteorology site measures 895.3 mm. Maximum temperatures range from 29.1&nbsp;°C (in June) to 37.6&nbsp;°C (in July), while minimum temperatures range from 14.6&nbsp;°C (in July) to 24.8&nbsp;°C (in November). Maximum temperatures vary seasonally by 8.5&nbsp;°C and minimum by 10.2&nbsp;°C.  The instrument mast is 15&nbsp;m tall. Heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide measurements are taken using the open-path eddy flux technique. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, incoming and reflected shortwave radiation and net radiation are measured above the canopy. Soil heat fluxes are measured and soil moisture content is gathered using time domain reflectometry.  Ancillary measurements taken at the site include LAI, leaf-scale physiological properties (gas exchange, leaf isotope ratios, nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations), vegetation optical properties and soil physical properties. Airborne based remote sensing (Lidar and hyperspectral measurements) was carried out across the site in September 2008. 

Tags: AU-Dry, Eddy Covariance, open forest savanna
Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Seasonal Dynamic Reference Cover Method - Landsat, JRSRP Algorithm Version 3.0, Queensland Coverage

The seasonal dynamic reference cover method product compares the current ground cover level of each pixel to a reference pixel based on the historical timeseries and is available for Queensland from 1987 to present. It is created using a modified version of the dynamic reference cover method developed by <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.021">Bastin et al (2012) </a>. This approach calculates a minimum ground cover image over all years to identify locations of most persistent ground cover in years with the lowest rainfall, then uses a moving window approach to calculate the difference between the window's central pixel and its surrounding reference pixels. The output is a difference image between the cover amount of a pixel's reference pixels and the actual cover at that pixel for the season being analysed. Negative values indicate pixels which have less cover than the reference pixels.
The main differences between this method and the original method are that this method uses seasonal fractional ground cover rather than the preceding ground cover index (GCI) and this method excludes cleared areas and certain landforms (undulating slopes), which are considered unsuitable for use as reference pixels.
This product is based upon the JRSRP Fractional Cover 3.0 algorithm.

Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Yarramundi Irrigated Flux Data Release 2023_v2

This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.15) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).

The Yarramundi Irrigated site is an improved, managed pasture on the Western Sydney University Hawkesbury campus. Original woodland vegetation was cleared prior to 1950. A mixture of native and exotic grasses and forbs dominate the site, which is used by cattle in an intensively managed grazing operation. The flux tower was established in October of 2019 and is managed by the Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, with partial support from TERN and WSU Office of Estate and Commercial (Farm Production Unit).

The climate is warm-temperate, with annual rainfall averaging 728&nbsp;mm, mean maximum temperature in January of 30.4&deg;C and mean minimum temperature in July of 3.6&deg;C (BOM station 067105). The elevation of the site is about 20&nbsp;m asl and the topography is flat. The soil is sandy loam in texture, organic carbon content is &lt;1%.

Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Wombat State Forest Flux Data Release 2024_v1

This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.17) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).

Wombat State Forest site is a secondary re-growth forest that was last harvested in 1980. Dominant tree species are <em>Eucalyptus obliqua</em> (messmate stringybark), <em>Eucalyptus radiata</em> (narrow leaf peppermint) and <em>Eucalyptus rubida</em> (candlebark) with an average canopy height of 25&nbsp;m. The understorey consists mainly of patchy grasses and the soil is a silty-clay overlying clay. The forest is managed by the Department of Sustainability and Environment and management includes selective harvesting and prescribed burning regimes. The climate of the study area is classified as cool-temperate to Mediterranean with cold and wet winters (May-August) and warm and dry summers (December-February) with temperatures between 1 and 30&nbsp;°C and mean annual air temperature of 12.1&nbsp;°C. Annual rainfall is approximately 871&nbsp;mm (142 year long-term average). Coherent automated measurements of soil greenhouse gas fluxes (CO2, CH4 and N2O) were collected using a trailer-mounted mobile laboratory - Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrometer from 2010 to 2016. Measurement height was originally 30&nbsp;m but increased to 33&nbsp;m in January 2017.

Tags: AU-Wom, dry sclerophyll forest, eddy covariance
Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Red Dirt Melon Farm Flux Data Release 2021_v1

This data release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer in semi-arid eucalypt woodland using eddy covariance techniques. It been processed using PyFluxPro (v3.3.0) as described in Isaac et al. (2017), <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017</a>. PyFluxPro takes data recorded at the flux tower and process this data to a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER). For more information about the processing levels, see <a href="https://github.com/OzFlux/PyFluxPro/wiki">https://github.com/OzFlux/PyFluxPro/wiki</a>.
 
 The flux station was established in August 2011 while the site supported tropical savanna. The site was part of a deforestation experiment measuring greenhouse gas exchange during conversion of forest to farmland. The land was being cultivated for watermelon production from 2013.

Tags: AU-RDF, Eddy Covariance, deforestation, woody savanna
Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Woody vegetation cover - Landsat, JRSRP, Australian coverage, 2000-2010

Three maps are available: 1) foliage projective cover, 2) forest extent, attributed with the foliage projective cover and 3) accuracy of the extent maps, which also acts as masks of forest and other wooded lands. Each pixel in map 1 estimates the fraction of the ground covered by green foliage. Each pixel in map 2 shows two pieces of information. The first is a classification of whether the vegetation is forest or not. The pixels classified as forest are attributed with the second piece of information: the foliage projective cover. Each pixel in map 3 is a class that provides information on the classification accuracies of the woody extent. These maps are derived from Landsat.

Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
Samford Ecological Research Facility Flux Data Release 2024_v2

This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.17) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).

Samford flux station is situated on an improved (<em>Paspalum dilatum</em>) pasture in the humid subtropical climatic region of coastal south-east Queensland. Located only 20&nbsp;km from the centre of Brisbane city, Samford Valley provides an ideal case study to examine the impact of urbanisation and land use change on ecosystem processes. The valley covers an area of some 82&nbsp;km2 and is drained in the southern regions by the Samford creek, which extends some 13&nbsp;km to Samford Village and into the South Pine River. The Samford Valley is historically a rural area experiencing intense urbanisation, with the population increasing almost 50% in the 10 years to 2006 (Morton Bay Regional Council, 2011). Within the Samford valley study region, the Samford Ecological Research Facility (SERF) not only represents a microcosm of current and historical land uses in the valley, but provides a unique opportunity to intensively study various aspects of ecosystem health in a secure, integrated and long term research capacity. Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures at a nearby Bureau of Meteorology site are 13.1&nbsp;°C and 25.6&nbsp;°C respectively while average rainfall is 1102&nbsp;mm.

Tags: AU-Sam, eddy covariance, pasture
Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery
NERP Fauna Survey Protocols Field Trial Data 2015

The dataset contains information from the first initial trial of the AusPlots Fauna Protocol conducted at Calperum Station, Renmark, South Australia. Selected proposed methodologies and fauna survey techniques were trialled for logistical purposes. After the field trials, the proposed methodologies and techniques were refined. The dataset contains species information on fauna species captures, observations, and specimen collections from the April-May 2015 field trials. The data can be used to review the outcomes of the survey methodologies, presence data of the species recorded, morphological details of the animals recorded, and relate field data to the whole specimen and tissue specimens collected. The Enhancing Long-term Surveillance Monitoring Across Australia Programme will enhance the breadth and depth of Australia's terrestrial ecosystem condition monitoring and reporting at national and regional scales through building on the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) AusPlots Facility. Specifically, this will be achieved by increasing the range and type of AusPlots field sites and monitoring, and through providing guidelines, protocols manuals or standards that will enhance environmental data quality.

Tags: Climate And Climate Change (9603), Ecosystem Assessment And Management (9605), Environmental And Natural Resource Evaluation (9606), Environmental Policy, Legislation And Standards (9607), Flora, Fauna And Biodiversity (9608), Frogs, Mammals, Reptiles
Organization: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network's Data Discovery