AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Community Structure and Benthic Habitats across the George V Shelf, East Antarctica: Trends Through Space and Time

Physical and biological characteristics of benthic communities are analysed from underwater video footage collected across the George V Shelf during the 2007/2008 CEAMARC voyage. Benthic habitats are strongly structured by physical processes operating over a range of temporal and spatial scales. Iceberg scouring recurs over timescales of years to centuries along shallower parts of the shelf, creating communities in various stages of maturity and recolonisation. Upwelling of modified circumpolar deep water (MCDW) onto the outer shelf, and cross-shelf flow of high salinity shelf water (HSSW) create spatial contrasts in nutrient and sediment supply, which are largely reflected in the distribution of deposit and filter feeding communities. Long term cycles in the advance and retreat of icesheets (over millennial scales) and subsequent focussing of sediments in troughs such as the Mertz Drift create patches of consolidated and soft sediments, which also provide distinct habitats for colonisation by different biota. These physical processes of iceberg scouring, current regimes and depositional environments, in addition to water depth, are shown to be important factors in the structure of benthic communities across the George V Shelf. The modern shelf communities mapped in this study largely represent colonisation over the past 8-12ka, following retreat of the icesheet and glaciers at the end of the last glaciation (Harris et al., 2001; IngÃ³lfsson et al., 1998). Recolonisation on this shelf may have occurred from two sources: deep-sea environments, and possible shelf refugia on the Mertz and AdÃ©lie Banks. However, any open shelf area would have been subject to intense iceberg scouring (Beaman and Harris, 2003). Understanding the timescales over which shelf communities have evolved and the physical factors which shape them, will allow better prediction of the distribution of Antarctic shelf communities and their vulnerability to change. This knowledge can aid better management regimes for the Antarctic margin.

Tags: AQ, Antarctic data, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, abiotic surrogates, continental shelf, marine, marine biodiversity
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Sea Temperature at depth in the Australian Region

Temperature, linearly interpolated from CARS2000 mean and seasonal fields to 0.1 degree spaced grid, at depths of 0, 150, 500, 1000 and 2000 metres. The loess filter used to create CARS2000 resolves at each point a mean value and a sinusoid with 1 year period (and in some cases a 6 month period sinusoid - the "semi-annual cycle".) The provided "annual amplitude" is simply the magnitude of that annual sinusoid. CARS is a set of seasonal maps of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate, generated using Loess mapping from all available oceanographic data in the region. It covers the region 100-200E, 50-0S, on a 0.5 degree grid, and on 56 standard depth levels. Higher resolution versions are also available for the Australian continental shelf. The data was obtained from the World Ocean Atlas 98 and CSIRO Marine and NIWA archives. It was designed to improve on the Levitus WOA98 Atlas, in the Australian region. CARS2000 is derived from ocean cast data, which is always measured above the seafloor. However, for properties which do not change rapidly near the seafloor, this would not lead to a significant error. All the limitations of CARS2000 also apply here.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Tidally Incised Valleys on Tropical Carbonate Shelves: An Example from the Northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia

The formation of incised valleys on continental shelves is generally attributed to fluvial erosion under low sea level conditions. However, there are exceptions. A multibeam sonar survey at the northern end of Australia's Great Barrier Reef, adjacent to the southern edge of the Gulf of Papua, mapped a shelf valley system up to 220 m deep that extends for more than 90 km across the continental shelf. Based on observations, we propose a new conceptual model for the formation of tidally incised shelf valleys.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine, marine survey
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
World Bathymetry Base Map MapServer

World Bathymetry Base Map tile cache. The service includes world bathymetry data, and ocean, country, population and natural features. The information was derived from various sources, including Natural Earth and National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) ETOPO2 Global 2 Elevations from the September 2001 data. The service contains layer scale dependencies.

Tags: MapServer, Natural Earth, Published_External, bathymetry, boundaries, marine, political, topography, web service, world
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction in the Torres Strait

Map showing Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction in the Torres Strait. 
One of the 27 constituent maps of the "Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction Map Series" (GeoCat 71789).
Depicting Australia's extended continental shelf approved by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in April 2008, treaties and various maritime zones. Background bathymetric Image made from data collected from research vessels and/or derived from satellite imagery.
A0 sized .pdf downloadable from the web.

Tags: AU-QLD, Administrative Boundary, Earth Sciences, Published_External, Thematic Map, administrative boundaries, bathymetry, marine, marine jurisdiction
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Combined Marine and Land Potential-field Datasets for the Southwest Margin of Australia

In 2010 and 2011, the Australian Government released exploration acreage in the Perth, Mentelle and Southern Carnarvon basins off the southwest margin of Australia. This release was underpinned by two new marine geophysical surveys (GA-310 and GA-2476) that were conducted by Geoscience Australia in late 2008 and early 2009 as part of the Australian Government's Offshore Energy Security Program. These surveys acquired a range of pre-competitive geological and geophysical data that included seismic reflection, gravity, magnetic and swath bathymetry measurements, as well as seafloor dredge samples.

The new surveys provided a total of about 26 000 line km of new gravity and magnetic data that add to existing data from around 150 previous marine surveys conducted off the southwest margin since 1960. This Record describes the integration and levelling of the new gravity and magnetic data with existing data, both offshore and onshore, to produce a unified gravity and magnetic dataset for use in constraining regional tectonics, basin structure and petroleum prospectivity.

Levelling is a key step in processing ship-borne gravity and magnetic data. This process minimises the mistie errors at ship-track cross-overs that arise from factors such as positioning errors, instrument drift and lack of diurnal corrections to magnetic data. Without accounting for these cross-over errors, gridded data can be rendered un-interpretable by artefacts and distortions at line cross-overs.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, continental margins, gravity, magnetics, marine, marine survey, sedimentary basins
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Carbon Geochemistry of Cold Seeps: Methane Fluxes and Transformation in Sediments from Kazan Mud Volcano, Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Despite growing concerns about potential enhancement of global warming and slope failure by methane produced by gas hydrate dissociation, much uncertainty surrounds estimates of gas hydrate reservoir sizes, as well as methane fluxes and oxidation rates at the sea floor. For cold seep sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, depth-dependent methane concentrations and rates of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) are constrained by modeling the measured pore-water sulfate profile. The calculated dissolved methane distribution and flux are sensitive to the advective flow velocity, which is estimated from the depth distributions of conservative pore-water constituents (Na, B). Near-complete anaerobic oxidation of the upward methane flux  is supported by the depth distributions of indicative biomarkers, and the carbon isotopic compositions of organic matter and dissolved inorganic carbon. Pore-water and solid-phase data are consistent with a narrow depth interval of AOM, 14-18 cm below the sediment-water interface. Based on an isotopic mass balance, the biomass of the microbial population carrying out oxidation of methane coupled to sulfate reduction at the given methane flux represents about 20% of the total organic carbon, which is a significant pool of in situ formed organic matter. Model results indicate that the asymptotic methane concentration is reached a few meters below the sediment surface. The predicted asymptotic concentration is close to the in situ saturation value with respect to gas hydrate, suggesting that the rate of shallow gas hydrate formation is controlled by the ascending methane flux. The proposed model approach can be used to predict the formation of gas hydrate, and to quantify methane fluxes plus transformation rates in surface sediments where fluid advection is an important transport mechanism.

Tags: Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine, model
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Harris Greenstone Domain GeoPDF

The Harris Greenstone Domain (HGD) is a late Archean-Proterozoic arcuate tectnostratigraphic terrane in the centre of the Gawler Craton. It is bound to the south by the Yerda Shear Zone and has a lithological zone boundary to the north with the Wilgena Domain. The basement comprises Archean ultramafic-mafic extrusives (Lake Harris Komatiite), aluminous metasediments (Christie Gneiss), felsic extrusives and intrusives (Kenalla Gneiss), felsic intrusives (Glenroth Granite), and Proterozoic felsic intrusives (Hiltaba Suite Granite, St Peter Suite), felsic and mafic extrusives (Gawler Range Volcanics), and fluvial-marine sedimentary rocks (Tarcoola Formation, Pandurra Formation).

The HGD is characterised by a series of sub-parallel east-northeast trending sinuous magnetic high features flanked by large ovoid to elongate magnetic highs and lows. The prominent narrow magnetic highs constitute the Archean Harris Greenstone Belt (HGB). Rock types in this poorly exposed belt include komatiite, komatiitic basalt, tholeiitic basalt, and subordinate banded iron formation, metasediments, felsic volcanics, and pyroclastics metamorphosed to amphibolite facies during the Sleafordian Orogeny at ~2440 Ma. The Lake Harris Komatiite, which represents the most eastern occurrence of komatiite in Australia, has potential for Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide and lode-Au mineralising systems. The prospective greenstone sequence is covered by thin (&lt;50 m) Quaternary sand and Eocene fluvial channel deposits. The distribution and structure of the greenstones is based largely on interpretation of aeromagnetics, gravity, and diamond drillcore.

This map has been produced as a GeoPDF, which is an extension to the standard PDF file format viewed using Adobe Acrobat Reader. Layers can be turned off and on to customise the view of the data, similar to using Geographic Information System tools. In addition, GeoPDF maps are georeferenced to be compatible with other coordinated geographic data. Coordinate locations and distances can be retrieved automatically. 

A plug-in to view GeoPDF using Adobe Acrobat Reader is available as a free download ( http://terragotech.com/solutions/map2pdf_reader.php ).

Tags: AU-SA, Earth Sciences, Published_External, Thematic Map, geology, geophysics
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
National Gravity Compilation 2019 Ausdrape elevation ellipsoid image (hillshade HSI)

Digital Elevation data record the terrain height variations from the processed SRTM surface elevation 3 second grid data with a drape surface overlain. This National Gravity Compilation 2019 Ausdrape elevation ellipsoid image (hillshade HSI) contains the elevation of the observation surface for the 2019 Australian National Gravity Grids B series relative to the GRS80 ellipsoid (GDA94 datum). These data are used in the project No. 202008. The grid used to produce this image has a cell size of 0.00417 degrees (approximately 435m). All data (i.e., ground, airborne and marine derived from satellite altimetry) were vertically continued to this surface during processing. The surface was generated to mimic a smooth airborne survey drape surface with a minimum surface clearance of 250 m and an isotropic maximum climb and descent rates of 25 m per km. The ground surface data were derived from SRTM data with 3 second grid cell size. The data are given in units of meters.

Tags: Australia, DEM, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, Elevation, GADDS2.0, NCI, None, Published_External, airborne, digital data, ellipsoid, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, image, raster, survey 202008, terrain
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Beyond Corals and Fish: The Effects of Climate Change on Noncoral Benthic Invertebrates of Tropical Reefs

Climate change is threatening tropical reefs across the world, with most scientists agreeing that the current changes in climate conditions are occurring at a much faster rate than in the past and are potentially beyond the capacity of reefs to adapt and recover. Current research in tropical ecosystems focuses largely on corals and fishes, although other benthic marine invertebrates provide crucial services to reef systems, with roles in nutrient cycling, water quality regulation, and herbivory. We review available information on the effects of environmental conditions associated with climate change on noncoral tropical benthic invertebrates, including inferences from modern and fossil records. Increasing sea surface temperatures may decrease survivorship and increase the developmental rate, as well as alter the timing of gonad development, spawning, and food availability. 

Environmental changes associated with climate change are linked to larger ecological processes, including changes in larval dispersal and recruitment success, shifts in community structure and range extensions, and the establishment and spread of invasive species. Loss of some species will trigger economic losses and negative effects on ecosystem function. Our review is intended to create a framework with which to predict the vulnerability of benthic invertebrates to the stressors associated with climate change, as well as their adaptive capacity. We anticipate that this review will assist scientists, managers, and policy-makers to better develop and implement regional research and management strategies, based on observed and predicted changes in environmental conditions.

Tags: Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, environmental, marine, marine biodiversity
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
BRUVS (TM) - Fish and Benthic survey of Southern Great Barrier Reef 2009-01-08 to 2009-02-15

The dataset comprises 33013 individuals from 343 species of fishes, sharks, rays and sea snakes observed at around Southern Great Barrier Reef using 373 baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS(TM)). 4154 images were captured from these cameras.

Approximately 3500 of the best images from all BRUVS (TM) projects are stored in a reference library.

Data recorded concern:
- classification of the habitat in the field of view (topography, sediments, benthos)
- the identity of fish and CAABCODES
- their time of arrival
- their behaviour (8 categories, including feeding on the bait)
- their maturity (adult or juvenile)
- their relative abundance (as MaxN = the maximum number visible at one time, or distinguishable at different times as separate individuals e.g. much larger/smaller, male/female)
- the time elapsed before MaxN and feeding occurs.

A custom interface has been developed by AIMS staff, using Microsoft Access, for reading and analysis of BRUVS(TM) tapes.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Port Curtis Integrated Monitoring Program - PCIMP - Bio Accumulation (Oyster) - ZONE 06b - Calliope Estuary (upper) From 15 Sep 2007 To 16 Nov 2018

This data set was collected by sensors deployed as part of the Port Curtis Integrated Monitoring Program PCIMP - ZONE 06b - Calliope Estuary (upper).

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Leg 188 Sythesis: Transitions in the Glacial History of the Prydz Bay Region, East Antarctica, from ODP Drilling

Drilling during Leg 119 (1988) and Leg 188 (2000; Sites 1165-1167) of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) provides direct evidence for long- and short-term changes in Cenozoic paleoenvironments in the Prydz Bay region. Cores from across the continental margin reveal that in preglacial times the present shelf was an alluvial plain system with austral conifer woodland in the Late Cretaceous that changed to cooler Nothofagus rainforest scrub by the middle to late Eocene (Site 1166). Earliest recovered evidence of nearby mountain glaciation is seen in late Eocene-age grain textures in fluvial sands. In the late Eocene to early Oligocene, Prydz Bay permanently shifted from being a fluvio-deltaic complex to an exclusively marine continental shelf environment. This transition is marked by a marine flooding surface later covered by overcompacted glacial sediments that denote the first advance of the ice sheet onto the shelf. Cores do not exist for the early Oligocene to early Miocene, and seismic data are used to infer the transition from a shallow to normal depth prograding continental shelf with submarine canyons on the slope and channel/levees on the rise.

Tags: AQ, Antarctic data, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, climate, continental margins, marine, palaeoclimatology
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction around Australia 2020

Map showing Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction around the Australian Continent, not including Cocos Island, subantarctic territories or the AAT. Updated in April 2021 from "Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction around Australia" GeoCat 81641 to conform with "Australian Maritime Boundaries 2020" data by Geoscience Australia.
One of the 27 constituent maps of the "Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction Map Series" (GeoCat 71789).

Depicting Australia's continental shelf  as proclaimed in the "Seas and Submerged Lands (Limits of Continental Shelf) Proclamation 2012" established under the "Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973".  Background bathymetric image is derived from a combination of the 2009 9 arc second bathymetric and topographic grid by GA and a grid by Smith and Sandwell, 1997. Background land imagery derived from Blue Marble, NASA's Earth Observatory.

A0 sized .pdf downloadable from the web.

For public web access only.

For further advice contact Director Georegulation Team : maritime@ga.gov.au

Tags: Administrative Boundaries, Administrative Boundary, Earth Sciences, Marine Jurisdiction, Published_External, Thematic Map, bathymetry, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
SI 1016 North-East Beagle Gulf and Clarence Strait, Beagle Gulf, NT (HIPP) Bathymetry Acquisition (20210015S)

The North-East Beagle Gulf and Clarence Strait bathymetry survey was acquired for the Australian Hydrographic Office (AHO) onboard the MV Offshore Guardian during the period 1 May 2021 – 13 Jul 2021. This was a contracted survey conducted for the Australian Hydrographic Office by Guardian Geomatics as part of the Hydroscheme Industry Partnership Program. The survey area encompases an area in North-East Beagle Gulf and Clarence Strait, Northern Territory. Bathymetry data was acquired using a Kongsberg EM2040 07 MK II, and processed using Caris Hips &amp; Sips processing software. The dataset was then exported as a 30m resolution, 32 bit floating point GeoTIFF grid of the survey area.

This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes.

Tags: AusSeabed, Earth Science | Oceans | Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography | Bathymetry, Earth Sciences, HVC_144641, Oceans, Published External, Published_External, bathymetric grids, bathymetry, multibeam
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Geoscience Australia - Value to the Nation

Over 70 years, Geoscience Australia has contributed to the economic, social and environmental well-being of Australia. This publication highlights a number of case studies where Geoscience Australia's work has provided benefits in six strategic priorities:
* Building Australia's Resource Wealth
* Ensuring Australia's Community Safety
* Security Australia's Water Resources
* Managing Australia's Marine Jurisdictions
* Providing Fundamental Geographic Information
* Maintaining Geoscience Knowledge and Capability

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Aquatic Substrate Library - Lihou Reef 2008

Record for source data hosted in the National Spectral Database (NSD) Aquatic Library

Citation:
A.G. Dekker, E.J. Botha, Y.J. Park, J.M. Anstee, N. Cherukuru, L. Clementson (2009) Remote sensing for habitat mapping and change detection in tropical Commonwealth marine protected areas – phase 2; Report prepared for: The Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts; National research Flagships, Wealth from Oceans, CSIRO, Australia.; pp: 135.

For further information and instructions to access the database go to the following URL:
https://cmi.ga.gov.au/data-products/dea/643/australian-national-spectral-database

Tags: Aquatic Substrate Library, Australian National Spectral Database (NSD), Australian spectral data, EARTH SCIENCES, End-member studies, Field spectroscopy, HVC_144490, NSD Source Dataset, Published_External, Remote sensing
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
A Review of Surrogates for Marine Benthic Biodiversity

A growing need to manage marine biodiversity sustainably at local, regional and global scales cannot be met by applying the limited existing biological data.  Abiotic surrogates of biodiversity are thus increasingly valuable in filling the gaps in our knowledge of biodiversity patterns, especially identification of hotspots, habitats needed by endangered or commercially valuable species and systems or processes important to the sustained provision of ecosystem services. This review examines the use of abiotic variables as surrogates for patterns in benthic assemblages with particular regard to how variables are tied to processes affecting biodiversity and how easily those variables can be measured at scales relevant to resource management decisions.

Tags: AU-EEZ, CERF, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, abiotic surrogates, bathymetry, marine, marine biodiversity, organic geochemistry, sedimentology
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network