AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
5028 Block 1 (Southwest) raw-edited magnetic point-located data

GENERAL
 Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) data measures variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field, which includes the fields associated with the Earth's core, diurnal variations, and the magnetism of rocks in the Earth's crust.
 TMI data is used for geological mapping, mineral exploration, and environmental studies.

RAW-EDITED DATA
 The raw edited point-located data is the rawest form of the data and includes the following measurements: raw TMI, compensated TMI, diurnal, fluxgate magnetometer, raw altimeter heights, and ellipsoidal GNSS heights.

This line dataset from the Narryer survey were acquired in 2024 by the WA Government, and consisted of 415090 line-kilometres of data at 100m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, Published_External, WA, airborne digital data, geophysical survey, geophysics, line, magnetics, magnetism, point-located, survey 5028, total magnetic intensity (TMI)
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Seafloor Morphology and Acoustic Facies of the George V Land Shelf

To study the seafloor morpholofy on the George V land shelf, East Antarctica, over 2000 kilometres of high-frequency echo-sounder data were collected between February and March 2000. The acoustic facies are explained in terms of glacial and oceanographic influences on the shelf since the Last Glacial Maximum.

Tags: AQ, Antarctic data, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geochemical comparisons between asphaltites on the southern Australian margin and source rock analogues of Early Cretaceous age

Evidence for a mid-Cretaceous source for southern Australian asphaltites is presented, based on geochemical and carbon isotopic comparisons of the asphaltites with onshore source rock analogues from the Albian-Cenomanian Blue Whale Superseguence in the Bight Basin and marine oil shales from the Albian Toolebuc Formation of the Eromanga Basin. The striking similarity between the asphaltites and the Toolebuc organic matter extends across diverse geochemical signatures; from the carbon isotopes being relatively depleted in 13C compared to Anstralian oils through to the similar distribution of age-diagnostic C3o methylsteranes and C26 norsteranes. An unusual feature of the asphaltites compared to all other Australian oils, bnt shared by the Toolebnc Formation, is the presence of metalloporphyrins. These biomarkers typically indicate a relatively deep-water environment with anoxic bottom waters at the time of sonrce rock deposition. In contrast, the dominantly marine organic matter in the sample from Eyre-1 shows a pronounced ten?estrial plant input consistent with a shallow marine depositional environment. This is snpported by the well location near the depositional edge of the Blue Whale Superseguence. Fnrthermore, comparison of the organic matter generated from the artificial pyrolysis of the polar fractions from the asphaltite and the Toolebuc bitumen supports their strong genetic link.
Although the mid-Cretaceous is the most likely source for the asphaltites in the sonthern margin, the presence of a similar marine organic facies in the Late Cretaceous Tiger Superseguence cannot be excluded. Obviously, fnrther work on local and global analogues, as well as exploration success in the Great Australian Bight, would help to refine the source rock age and location for the asphaltites.

Article prepared for the Eastern Australian Basins Symposium in 2001.

Tags: Conference Paper, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Published_Internal, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Use MODIS data to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of the Bonney Coast Upwelling

The Bonney Coast upwelling is a large seasonal upwelling system along Australian southern shelves, from Cape Jaffa (SA) to Cape Nelson (VIC), during favourable coastal winds. The Bonney Coast upwelling, with nutrient enriched water, has been recognised as a key ecological feature. During the upwelling season (Austral Summer), swarms of krill and aggregation of blue whales are frequently found in this part of continental shelf. The upwelling is also important in the life cycle of juvenile southern Bluefin tuna and benefits other marine life. The oceanographic characteristics of the Bonney Coast upwelling are well understood through marine surveys and mooring data, as well as satellite images. However, the systematic and accurate mapping and understanding of the dynamic of the upwelling system has not been conducted. This study aims to map and investigate the spatial and temporal variability of the Bonney Coast upwelling using time-series of MODIS data. The data include more than 170 SST and Chlorophyll-a images (from July 2002 to Dec 2016), with a spatial resolution of ~1km. A combination of Topographic Position Index (TPI) and image segmentation techniques was used to map the spatial extent of the Bonney Coast upwelling. The Chlorophyll-a and SST signatures of the upwelling areas have also been extracted.  The results confirmed that the Bonney Coast upwelling is indeed a seasonal system occurred between November and April. The upwelling is often most intensive in February and March. There is strong inter-annual variation. For example, in the summer of 2008-09, upwelling was only identified in February 2009; while, in the summers of 2013-14 and 2015-16, the upwelling was identified in all of the six months. Whether this inter-annual variation is influenced by the ENSO events is under further investigation. During intensive upwelling events (e.g., in Feb and Mar), the upwelling influences more than 10,000 km2 surface area, with the SST anomaly more than 1oC lower than that of its surrounding areas. The upwelling areas often have mean Chlorophyll-a concentrations over 0.8 mg/m3 which is nearly double of the mean summer Chlorophyll-a concentration in Australian continental shelf.

This abstract was submitted/presented to the 2017 Australian Marine Science Association Conference - AMSA (https://www.amsa.asn.au/2017-darwin)

Tags: Bonney Coast, EARTH SCIENCES, MODIS, Published_External, remote sensing, upwelling
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Predicting Seabed Mud Content across the Australian Margin: Performance of Machine Learning Methods and their combinations with Ordinary Kriging and Inverse Distance Squared

In 2008, the performance of 14 statistical and mathematical methods for spatial interpolation was compared using samples of seabed mud content across the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone (AEEZ), which indicated that machine learning methods are generally among the most accurate methods. In this study, we further test the performance of machine learning methods in combination with ordinary kriging (OK) and inverse distance squared (IDS). We aim to identify the most accurate methods for spatial interpolation of seabed mud content in three regions (i.e., N, NE and SW) in AEEZ using samples extracted from Geoscience Australia's Marine Samples Database (MARS). The performance of 18 methods (machine learning methods and their combinations with OK or IDS) is compared using a simulation experiment. The prediction accuracy changes with the methods, inclusion and exclusion of slope, search window size, model averaging and the study region. The combination of RF and OK (RFOK) and the combination of RF and IDS (RFIDS) are, on average, more accurate than the other methods based on the prediction accuracy and visual examination of prediction maps in all three regions when slope is included and when their searching widow size is 12 and 7, respectively. Averaging the predictions of these two most accurate methods could be an alternative for spatial interpolation. The methods identified in this study reduce the prediction error by up to 19% and their predictions depict the transitional zones between geomorphic features in comparison with the control. This study confirmed the effectiveness of combining machine learning methods with OK or IDS and produced an alternative source of methods for spatial interpolation. Procedures employed in this study for selecting the most accurate prediction methods provide guidance for future studies.

Tags: AU-EEZ, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, environmental, geoscience, mapping, marine, model, numerical modelling
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Impact of runoff on nutrient patterns in northern Port Phillip Bay, Victoria

As part of the Port Phillip Bay Environmental Study, bay-wide nutrient (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicate) and chlorophyll a distributions were measured at monthly intervals for two years. Reported here are nutrient distribution and variation in northern Port Phillip Bay during periods of high runoff (September 1993) and low runoff (January 1995). Nutrient data were collected by a continuous profiling technique, whereby nutrients were measured in a continuously flowing stream of seawater pumped into a mobile laboratory aboard ship, filtered, and measured by flow-segmented colorimetric analysis, using flow-through cells. Measurements were made every 10 s and, after accounting for mixing in the apparatus, allowed nutrient features to be resolved (at ship speed of 10 kn) over scales of about 200 m. Hydrographic and chlorophyll a data were collected simultaneously with the nutrient data. Surveys of the whole of Port Phillip Bay (approximately 2000 km2) could be completed in 3 days.  Ammonium concentration varied between &lt;0.5 and 40 mM; oxidised N (nitrate + nitrite) between &lt;0.2 and 20 mM; phosphate between &lt; 1 and 8 mM, and silicate between &lt; 1 and 80 mM. Highest concentrations and greatest spatial variability were measured during the period of high runoff, on the northern and western perimeters of Port Phillip Bay, showing these to be the major areas of nutrient input. Concentrations of all nutrients were lowest and least varied in the northern part of the bay during a period of low runoff in January 1995. The Yarra/Maribyrnong River source to the north could be distinguished from Werribee sources (the Western Treatment Plant and the Werribee River) to the west in ammonium/salinity, (oxidised N)/salinity and silicate/salinity relationships, and nitrogen/silicate relationships. These data suggest that the Werribee River may be a significant nutrient source during periods of high precipitation and runoff, whereas all previous studies have suggested the Werribee River has a minor input. Chlorophyll a concentration in Port Phillip Bay was comparable during periods of both high and low runoff (1 - 6 mg L-1 ). The high-flow data indicate an increase in biomass abundance stimulated by freshwater and nutrient inputs, while low runoff data indicate a wide range of biomass abundance, which we suggest is supported primarily by internal recycling, notably, nutrient inputs from the seafloor.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, VIC, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Sea Surface Temperature Warming Rates in Australian Marine Parks

This dataset measures the overall warming rates of the sea surface temperature (SST) in 58 Australian Marine Parks (except the Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Park) over the past 15 years (2003 to 2017). They are derived from the monthly MODIS (aqua) SST images. The fields of "slope_y" and "slope_m" represent the annual and monthly SST warming rates, respectively. The units of the warming rates are Celsius degree/per annual and Celsius degree/per month.

This research is supported by the National Environmental Science Program (NESP) Marine Biodiversity Hub through Project D1.

Tags: Earth Sciences, Marine Biodiversity Hub, Marine Park, National Environmental Science Program, Published_External, SST
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Collection of depositional environment data from petroleum wells (known as RESFACS database/ Depositional environment)

A depositional environment is defined as a site where sediments (e.g. detrital, chemical) accumulated, governed by physical, biological, and chemical processes related to modern environments such as fluvial, deltaic or marine.  Once the sediments are lithified during burial processes, sedimentary rocks are assigned to ancient environments, referred to as palaeodepositional environments. Characteristics of sedimentary rocks often used to interpret depositional environments include lithology, sedimentary structures and textures, and any preserved fossils – all of which provide important information regarding the geologic evolution of sedimentary basins. 
Depositional environment data form part of Geoscience Australia’s Reservoir, Facies and Shows (RESFACS) database. It contains depth-based information regarding palaeogeographic settings interpreted from lithofacies analysis. Interpretations are based on lithological and sedimentary structure evaluations, well log analysis, and palynological and (micro)palaeontological analyses of sediments that were intersected by offshore petroleum wells. 
Data entered into the depositional environment table is primarily sourced from both the Basic and Interpretive volumes of Well Completion Reports (WCR) provided by the petroleum industry under the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act (OPGGSA) 2006 and previous Petroleum (submerged Lands) Act (PSLA) 1967. Data is also sourced from litho- and bio-facies evaluations and palaeontological studies by Geoscience Australia and its predecessor organisations, the Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO) and the Bureau of Mineral Resources (BMR), as well as from state and territory geological organisations, scientific publications, university theses and books.
The database structure has evolved over time and will keep changing as different types of relevant data become available and the delivery platform changes. Data hosted within Geoscience Australia’s Oracle petroleum wells database was initially delivered through the Petroleum Wells web page, http://dbforms.ga.gov.au/www/npm.well.search, which is due to be decommissioned in the future. The depositional environment data will now be available to view and download through the Geoscience Australia Portal Core, https://portal.ga.gov.au/.

Tags: Depositional environment, EARTH SCIENCES, Facies, Published_External, RESFACS
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
5028 Block 2 (Southeast) Grid of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived from the radar altimeter and GNSS

A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a 3D representation of terrain elevation. It is derived from the radar altimeter and GNSS on the Survey aircraft. The GNSS height measurements are geoidal values derived using the Australian Vertical Working Surface (AVWS). This survey was acquired under the project No. 5028 for the Geological Survey of Western Australia (GSWA). The grid has a cell size of  0.000204 degrees (approximately 20m). The data are given in units of meters.

Tags: Australia, DEM, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, Elevation, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, Western Australia, digital data, geoid, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, raster, survey 5028, terrain
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
50m Multibeam Dataset of Australia - Tile number: SM55

This tile contains all multibeam data held by Geoscience Australia on August 2012 within the specified area. The data has been gridded to 50m resolution.  

Some deeper data has also been interpolated within the mapped area.

The image provided can be viewed on the free software CARIS Easyview, available from the CARIS website: www.caris.com under Free Downloads.

Tags: DEM pixel, Marine Geoscience, Marine Map, Published_External, bathymetry, geoscience, marine, multibeam
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Combined Marine and Land Potential-field Datasets for the Southwest Margin of Australia

In 2010 and 2011, the Australian Government released exploration acreage in the Perth, Mentelle and Southern Carnarvon basins off the southwest margin of Australia. This release was underpinned by two new marine geophysical surveys (GA-310 and GA-2476) that were conducted by Geoscience Australia in late 2008 and early 2009 as part of the Australian Government's Offshore Energy Security Program. These surveys acquired a range of pre-competitive geological and geophysical data that included seismic reflection, gravity, magnetic and swath bathymetry measurements, as well as seafloor dredge samples.

The new surveys provided a total of about 26 000 line km of new gravity and magnetic data that add to existing data from around 150 previous marine surveys conducted off the southwest margin since 1960. This Record describes the integration and levelling of the new gravity and magnetic data with existing data, both offshore and onshore, to produce a unified gravity and magnetic dataset for use in constraining regional tectonics, basin structure and petroleum prospectivity.

Levelling is a key step in processing ship-borne gravity and magnetic data. This process minimises the mistie errors at ship-track cross-overs that arise from factors such as positioning errors, instrument drift and lack of diurnal corrections to magnetic data. Without accounting for these cross-over errors, gridded data can be rendered un-interpretable by artefacts and distortions at line cross-overs.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, continental margins, gravity, magnetics, marine, marine survey, sedimentary basins
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Sediment Transport in Distributary Channels and its Export to the Pro-deltaic Environment in a Tidally-dominated Delta: Fly River, Papua New Guinea

Current metre deployments, suspended sediment measurements and surface sediment samples were collected from three locations within distributary channels of the tidally dominated Fly River delta in southern Papua New Guinea.

Tags: Earth Sciences, External Publication, PG, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The Haines Structure: A Probable Eocene Complex Impact Structure in the Offshore Canning Basin, Western Australia

A seismic structure imaged in a single 2D seismic profile from the offshore Canning Basin, Western Australia, is interpreted to be a possible complex impact crater on the basis of its seismic character. The feature, herein referred to as the Haines Structure, is symmetrical in two dimensions over ~2.5 km and comprises a centrally uplifted basal surface, a depressed upper surface, a highly deformed intervening package and an overlying horizon that is `sagging' over the depression. The possible impact structure lies within carbonate units of Eocene or Early Oligocene age as determined from seismic correlation to petroleum exploration wells. The structure has not been drilled; therefore distinguishing characteristics used to define an impact origin, such as shock metamorphism, are not available. Comparison with other features in the Neogene succession of Australia's North West Shelf that have previously been interpreted as impact structures highlights the presence of key elements in the Haines Structure that characterise known complex impact craters, and the absence of seismic features related to alternative processes, such as a link to deeper structures that would be expected beneath a volcanic pipe.

Tags: AU-WA, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
International Collaboration in Support of Indonesian Earthquake Hazard

The 2004 Sumatra earthquake was the most lethal natural disaster of modern times. Such a massive earthquake came as a surprise to earth scientists worldwide, who had grossly underestimated the earthquake potential in this part of the world. In order to address this gap in the science of Indonesian earthquakes, the Government of Australia supported a technical capacity-building program that brought Australian and Indonesian earthquake scientists together to focus not only on improved science, but also on cooperation among government and academia to effectively utilize the science to help Indonesian society protect itself from future earthquakes.

The major cause of fatalities in earthquakes is building collapse, so reduction of earthquake fatalities can be achieved through adoption of seismically resilient building practices that take into account the best available earthquake science via a seismic hazard map. Development of such a map for a tectonically active area like Indonesia is a major undertaking, and requires coordinating the efforts of geologists, seismologists, geodesists and geotechnical engineers. Moreover, knowledge of earthquakes is never complete, so a seismic hazard map is not a "one-off" but instead must be continually improved, and this requires education of a new generation of Indonesian scientists. 

The Australian-Indonesian collaboration in earthquake science described here attempted to achieve all this, and resulted in not only production of a modern earthquake hazard map, but also laid the foundation for a sustainable path towards development of improved earthquake hazard and risk products that will support Indonesian earthquake disaster risk reduction into the future.

Phil R. Cummins received his PhD in Geophysics from U. California Berkeley in 1988, and worked as a postdoctoral and research fellow at the Australian National University (ANU) until 1996, when he moved to the Japan Center for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). After leading a geodynamics research unit at JAMSTEC, in 2001 he took up a position leading earthquake and tsunami hazard research at Geoscience Australia. In 2011, he accepted a joint appointment between Geoscience Australia and ANU as Prof. Natural Hazards, where he combines teaching and research in natural hazards at ANU with technical application of earthquake and tsunami science at Geoscience Australia.

This talk is presented as part of the Distinguished Geoscience Australia Lecturer series on 23 May 2018.

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, Wednesday Seminar, earthquake, earthquake fatalaties, hazards
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
A new bathymetric compilation of the Cape Darnley region, East Antarctica

The Cape Darnley region in East Antarctica has been an area of scientific interest for a variety of disciplines over the last three decades. The recent acquisition of several high-resolution bathymetry datasets enabled the compilation of a detailed regional bathymetry grid. We present a high-resolution bathymetric compilation of the Cape Darnley region in East Antarctica, including areas of the Mac.Robertson Land shelf, slope and adjacent deep sea. A variety of data, single-beam and multibeam swath bathymetry and digitized depths from nautical charts were sourced from numerous institutions. The 100 m-resolution gridded bathymetric dataset improves previous bathymetric representations of the region and enables visualization of the seafloor morphology in unprecedented detail. The bathymetry grid has been constructed using a layered hierarchy approach based on the source of each dataset. This data compilation forms important baseline information for a range of scientific applications and end users including oceanographers, glacial modellers, biologists and geologists. The compilation will aid numerical modelling of ocean circulation, reconstruction of palaeo-ice streams and refinement of ice-sheet models.

<b>Citation:</b> Smith J, Nogi Y, Spinoccia M, Dorschel B, Leventer A. A bathymetric compilation of the Cape Darnley region, East Antarctica. <i>Antarctic Science.</i> 2021;33(5):548-559. doi:10.1017/S0954102021000298

Tags: Cape Darnley, East Antarctica, Mac.Robertson shelf, Marine Geoscience, Published_External, bathymetric mapping, data compilation, multibeam echosounder
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data