AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Australian Maritime Boundaries (AMB) and Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act 1967 (2006) - Superseded

Geoscience Australia has the primary role in the delineation of Australia's maritime boundaries. An output of this activity is the development of the Australian Maritime Boundaries (AMB) data. AMB is a GIS data product, replacing AMBIS 2001 Version 1.1, providing access to the data for Australia's Territorial Sea Baseline (TSB) and maritime zones. 

Note: This is a non authoritative copy of the metadata for the use in the eAtlas. Please refer to Geoscience Australia for queries on this dataset. This version of the dataset is now superseded by the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 - epoch AMB2014a dataset.

AMB is a digital representation of Australia's territorial sea baseline and boundaries as established under the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973. The data also include a representation of the limits by which the adjacent areas of each of the States and of the Northern Territory are determined under the Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act 1967. In the event of an inconsistency between AMB data and the baseline and limits under the legislation, the latter prevails. 

The data have been published by Geoscience Australia in consultation with other relevant Commonwealth Government agencies including the Attorney-General's Department, the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Australian Hydrographic Office. 

AMB data comprise the TSB and the outer limits of each zone, together with maritime boundaries determined by treaties between Australia and neighbouring countries. Base points that generate the zone boundaries are supplied in separate files and an extensive user guide provides useful background information. All data coordinates are supplied in the World Geodetic System (WGS 84) (ITRF 2000 @ 2000.0) which is effectively identical to the GDA94 datum. 

Geoscience Australia is committed to the maintenance of the maritime boundaries data to ensure it reflects the changing nature of Australia's coastline and hence the various maritime zone limits. The data reflects the location of the coastline within the constraints of available source material at the time of production. Where major differences have since been discovered, these are listed in a table of notes and cautions.

Note: This is a non authoritative copy of the metadata for the use in the eAtlas. Please refer to Geoscience Australia for queries on this dataset.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GIS, GIS Dataset, National dataset, Thematic, administrative boundaries, dataset, marine jurisdiction
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
NERP TE Project 9.1 - Dynamic vulnerability maps and decision support tools for the Great Barrier Reef, 2011-2014 (AIMS)

To support management of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, coral reef managers need decision support tools that can integrate physical and biological information at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. In this project we will construct vulnerability maps for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) This project will deliver a novel framework for linking impacts of environmental change to spatial patterns of coral reef resilience and vulnerability. We will use an innovative, multidisciplinary approach that mechanistically integrates information layers on environmental drivers (warming, hydrodynamics, ocean chemistry) with biological and ecological responses and consequences at multiple temporal and spatial scales. By combining reef vulnerability maps with social and financial criteria reef managers can optimise management planning under different environmental scenarios.
Tasks include:





Development of vulnerability metrics, particularly those indicative of a loss of ecological function (e.g. loss of reef structure, spatial complexity, fish habitats) and goods and services.




Compilation of environmental parameters such as underlying physical (SST, cyclone impacts), chemical (ocean acidification, water quality), and biological (COTS, coral-algal interactions, grazing) data layers. 




Experimental calibration of biological/ecological responses to multiple environmental variables. 




Development of a decision support system (DSS) to guide spatial planning of the GBRMP under projected scenarios of climate change, ocean acidification and water quality.



This project is now complete.

Tags: National Environmental Research Program Tropical Ecosystems Hub, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
NERP TE Project 8.1 - Monitoring the ecological effects of the Great Barrier Reef Zoning Plan on mid- and outer-shelf reefs, 2011-2014 (AIMS)

The rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) in 2004 increased the number and extent of ‘no-take’ areas within the Park. This project surveys pairs of reefs, one in a ‘no-take’ or green zone and the other a similar reef where fishing is allowed (blue zone), in five regions of the GBRMP. Green and blue zones will be surveyed for the abundance and size of fishery species, particularly coral trout, as well as wider effects on coral reef communities.  The results of reef surveys will be used to: 





Track dynamics of populations of target fish species and by-catch species, such as reef sharks.




Track indirect effects of protection from fishing in terms of populations of non-target fish species. Since many exploited species are carnivorous, differences in their numbers may in turn affect the abundance of their prey (and potentially cause more extensive “trophic cascades”) as well as other community components that are related to resilience such as numbers of herbivorous fishes.




Track potential ecosystem effects of protection from fishing, such as increased coral recruitment and coral cover due to increased herbivorous fish numbers, and reduced incidence of coral disease (due to lower numbers of coral-feeding butterflyfishes inside no-take areas)



Tags: National Environmental Research Program Tropical Ecosystems Hub, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Integrated coral rubble vulnerability map of the Great Barrier Reef (RRAP Rubble Stabilisation, QUT)

This vulnerability map results from integrating the spatial pattern of the following stressors: cyclonic waves, currents, cyclone tracks, heatwaves (DHW), crown of thorns starfish, and tsunamis. After summarizing historical data and reclassifying each variable into a common scale, they were integrated into a single vulnerability score whose spatial distribution is represented in this map.

Methods
The coral rubble vulnerability map was calculated by combining GBR wide datasets on currents (2015-2019), cyclone wave statistics (synthetic cyclones), Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) (1986-2021), crown of thorns starfish outbreaks (1985-2017), cyclone tracks (1950-2022), and tsunamis hazard (Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment, PTHA18). Each of these datasets were converted onto a common 0.005° raster grid (matching the final vulnerability map) using inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation for point format datasets (cyclone track points, COTs, tsunamis) and resampling (currents) for raster datasets. For wave and DHW the data was reprojected and resampled on to the common grid. These grids were then clipped to the GBRMPA GBR features reef boundaries.

In order to obtain the vulnerability score, each variable was reclassified in ArcGIS Pro, using five equally spaced categories (quantising the data into discrete levels between the minimum and maximum values). As result, all variables ranged from 1 to 5. Finally, all six layers were added up, ignoring no-data pixels.

In the case of currents, cyclonic waves and DHW, multiple measures were reviewed and considered. In the index maximum surface current, maximum significant wave height from cyclones and mean DHW were used. Further details of the input data can be found in the ‘Supplementary information - Maps of input data for integrated coral rubble vulnerability map of the Great Barrier Reef’.

Limitations
This first vulnerability map assumes equal weight for all variables included. There is an ongoing study aiming to test and identify which variables are more correlated with reef damage. This model does not consider the likely accumulation of rubble based on the topology of the reefs. It does not consider the production rate of coral that can result in coral rubble or that some of the inshore reefs particularly in Broad Sound are not coral reefs.

Format
The spatial model is 1988x2707 pixels with a spatial reference of WGS84 (EPSG:2346). The original dataset is stored in ESRI GRID format (6322 KB), which was converted to a GeoTiff for use in the eAtlas (22 MB).

Data dictionary
Pixel values in the raster correspond to low vulnerability (7) through to high vulnerability (23)

Tags: CORAL REEFS
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
IMOS - Satellite Remote Sensing - SNPP - 01 day - Optical Water Type (Moore et al 2009 algorithm)

The SNPP satellite platform carries a VIIRS sensor that observes sunlight reflected from within the ocean surface layer at multiple wavelengths. These measurements at discrete wavelengths represent the spectrum of light leaving the water surface, and the shape of the spectrum is characteristic of the water optical properties. 

Moore et al. (2009, RSE, 113, pp2424-2430, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.07.016) applied a clustering technique to spectra to identify 8 sets of discrete optical water types for data from the MODIS sensor. This product "owtd_csiro" is produced using a CSIRO implementation of the Moore et al. algorithm, and testing shows that it closely reproduces the results of the original Moore et al implementation in the NASA SeaDAS package.  The CSIRO implementation was created because the implementation in SeaDAS has not been kept up to date, and to extend the product to the VIIRS sensor.

Tags: Countries | Australia, Countries | Fiji, Countries | Indonesia, Countries | Malaysia, Countries | New Caledonia, Countries | New Zealand, Countries | Papua New Guinea, Countries | Philippines, Countries | Timor-Leste, Countries | Vanuatu, Global / Oceans | Indian Ocean, Global / Oceans | Pacific Ocean, Global / Oceans | Southern Ocean, Marine Features (Australia) | Bass Strait, TAS/VIC, Marine Features (Australia) | Great Australian Bight, SA/WA, Oceans | Ocean Optics | Ocean Color, Regional Seas | Arafura Sea, Regional Seas | Banda Sea, Regional Seas | Celebes Sea, Regional Seas | Coral Sea, Regional Seas | Java Sea, Regional Seas | Philippine Sea, Regional Seas | Solomon Sea, Regional Seas | Tasman Sea, Regional Seas | Timor Sea, States, Territories (Australia) | New South Wales, States, Territories (Australia) | Northern Territory, States, Territories (Australia) | Queensland, States, Territories (Australia) | South Australia, States, Territories (Australia) | Tasmania, States, Territories (Australia) | Victoria, States, Territories (Australia) | Western Australia
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
NESP TWQ Project 4.4 - The traits of corals that survived recent bleaching events, 2018-2020 (AIMS)

The past two years have seen unprecedented coral bleaching on the GBR but the consequences on biodiversity and genetic diversity are not yet known. This project will address the following questions: 

1) Has bleaching resulted in a loss of genetic diversity in three coral species?
2) Do surviving populations contain genetic signatures of adaptation to bleaching temperatures?
3) What is the prevalence of heat tolerant photo-symbionts within surviving corals and in the environmental pool?
4) Are heat tolerant Symbiodinium communities and host genetic variants correlated with ambient environmental and recent bleaching conditions? 

High throughput genomic sequence variance analysis will identify genes in corals and Symbiodinium types associated with bleaching tolerance. Through correlations with environmental variables we will develop a spatially explicit understanding of the distribution and abundance of stress tolerant coral genes and symbionts ( in hospite and free-living) to identify key coral populations for protection, key reefs for resilience management and potential breeding stock for use in reef restoration activities.

Tags: National Environmental Science Programme Tropical Water Quality (NESP TWQ) hub, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Towed Video deployments in Oceanic Shoals Commonwealth Marine Reserve (Timor Sea), Western Australia (NERP)

Towed video surveys were carried out in targeted shallow seabed environments within the proposed Oceanic Shoals Commonwealth Marine Reserve (CMR) in the Timor Sea. The survey concentrated on shelf habitats (&lt; 200m) of the western part of the Oceanic Shoals CMR and included potential biodiversity hotspots such as pinnacles, banks and shoals. In total, 52 towed video transects were collected at depths of between 31 and 129 metres. Sampling involved habitat classification, conducted in real-time during the surveys, and taking downward and forward facing photographic still images at 5 second intervals for subsequent analysis. The cameras were towed across the shoals at a speed of 0.5 - 1.5 knots at an altitude of 0.5 - 2 metres above the seabed.

The Marine Biodiversity Survey of the proposed Oceanic Shoals Commonwealth Marine Reserve (CMR) in the Timor Sea was a research collaboration between the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Geoscience Australia (GA), University of Western Australia (UWA) and the Museum &amp; Art Gallery of the Northern Territory (MGNT). The survey was undertaken between 12 September and 6 October 2012 on the AIMS Research Vessel, RV Solander, and formed part of the National Environmental Research Program (NERP) Marine Biodiversity Hub Theme 4: Regional Biodiversity Discovery to Support Marine Bioregional Plans.

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
IMOS - Ocean Radar - Rottnest Shelf HF ocean radar site (Western Australia, Australia) - Delayed mode wave

The Rottnest Shelf (ROT) HF ocean radar system covers an area which includes Rottnest Island and the Perth Canyon to the north-west.  The Perth Canyon has the highest marine biodiversity in the region with whale and fish aggregations, and high primary and secondary productions which are controlled by the physical oceanographic processes.  

Combined with the dynamics of the Perth Canyon is the dominant Leeuwin Current which produces a wake on the leeward side of Rottnest Island.   This is a topographically induced up-welling and associated primary and secondary productivity.  The region is influenced by Swan River outflow, submarine groundwater discharges , and waste-water outfalls.  

The ROT HF ocean radar is a WERA phased array system with 16-element receive arrays located at Fremantle (32.031 S, 115.746 E) and Guilderton (31.342 S, 115.489 E).  These radars operate at a frequency of 8.512 MHz, with a bandwidth of 33 KHz and a maximum range of 200 Km.  Within the HF radar coverage area surface currents are measured.  Data are also collected from which wind directions and significant wave height can be calculated.  

The ROT area of coverage has a small overlap of commonly observed ocean with the Turqoise Coast (TURQ) SeaSonde HF ocean radar system on its north side.  Together, the ROT and TURQ systems provide continuous monitoring of the shelf from Fremantle to Jurien Bay.

Tags: Atmosphere | Atmospheric Winds | Surface Winds, Coastal Cities / Towns (Australia) | Perth, WA, Countries | Australia, Doppler Frequency, Global / Oceans | Indian Ocean, IMOS Site | ROT | Rottnest Shelf HF ocean radar site, Marine Features (Australia) | Leeuwin Current, Marine Features (Australia) | Perth Canyon, WA, Marine Features (Australia) | Rottnest Island, WA, Oceans | Coastal Processes | Coral Reefs, Oceans | Ocean Circulation | Eddies, Oceans | Ocean Circulation | Ocean Currents, Oceans | Ocean Circulation | Upwelling, Oceans | Ocean Circulation | Wind-driven Circulation, Oceans | Ocean Waves | Sea State, Oceans | Ocean Waves | Significant Wave Height, Oceans | Ocean Waves | Swells, Oceans | Ocean Waves | Wave Frequency, Oceans | Ocean Waves | Wave Length, Oceans | Ocean Waves | Wave Period, Oceans | Ocean Waves | Wave Spectra, Oceans | Ocean Waves | Wave Speed/direction, Oceans | Ocean Waves | Wind Waves, Oceans | Ocean Winds | Surface Winds, Physical Oceanography, Radiance Or Imagery | Radio Wave | Radio Wave, States, Territories (Australia) | Western Australia, WERA HF Radar | Phased Array
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
Climate refugia for rainforests: Modelled maximum temperature of the warmest month period in the Wet Tropics Bioregion for 2007 - 2008 (MTSRF 2.5ii.4, JCU)

This dataset shows the estimated maximum temperature of the warmest period for the Wet Tropics Bioregion of North Queensland over a 24 month period from January 2007 to December 2008. It was modelled based on weather station data, elevation, foliage cover and distance to the coast. The purpose of this dataset is as a metric for estimating thermal stress on animals living in this region.

Methods:

The maximum temperate was modelled over the region at an 80 m resolution using weather station data with adjustments for elevation, foliage cover and distance from the coast. This allowed the temperature to be estimated for locations where there were no direct measurements of temperature. Models of the maximum temperature for each month of the study were generated. These 24 monthly surfaces were then overlaid and the maximum model temperature for any month was determined for each pixel to generate a summary variable - the maximum temperature of the warmest period (i.e., month).

eAtlas Processing:

The GeoTiff supplied with this dataset was produced as follows:
gdal_translate csbc_05.asc -a_srs "EPSG:4283" -co "TILED=YES" -co "COMPRESS=LZW" -a_nodata -9999.0 WT_JCU_Refugia-max-temp_Jan2007-Dec2008.tif
gdaladdo -r average WT_JCU_Refugia-max-temp_Jan2007-Dec2008.tif 2 4 8 16 32 64

Format:
Data format ASCII Grid: 170MB, 4089 x 6372 pixels, GDA_94, 80 m resolution. This was converted by the eAtlas team to a 33 MB GeoTiff.

References:

A detailed description of data and methods are provided in: Shoo, L.P., Storlie, C., VanDerWal, J., Little, J., Williams, S.E. Targeted protection and restoration to conserve tropical biodiversity in a warming world. Global Change Biology, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02218.x.

Data Location:

This dataset is filed in the eAtlas enduring data repository at: data\NERP-TE\4.2_Pesticide-effects\

Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
NESP TWQ Project 1.1 - Establishing the future NESP CoTS research framework including an ecologically based approach to the management of CoTS at multiple scales, 2015-2015 (CSIRO)

This project will lay the foundations for the development of a reliable CoTS surveillance and control program based on detailed understanding of i) CoTS ecology, population dynamics and movement, ii) the CoTS control program’s capabilities and constraints, and, iii) IPM principles. In the project’s initial phase a COTS Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Workshop will be conducted. This workshop will bring together managers and researchers with purpose of defining a tactical approach to current COTS management and a strategic approach for the management of future outbreaks.

This will be achieved through the development of management-focused qualitative models of the CoTS/control system. These models will be used to identify key system components and associated knowledge gaps and will provide the logical structure of a future quantitative simulation model to test and compare alternative management scenarios. These two frameworks, and the data needs identified to operationalise them, will form the basis for the development of a COTS Strategic Research plan. It is envisaged this Project will lead into the COTS IPM Program and provide the direction for COTS research under future NESP investment.

Tags: National Environmental Science Programme Tropical Water Quality (NESP TWQ) hub, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network
NESP MaC Project 4.24 - Towards assessing the values of reefs in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria, 2024-2025 (JCU)

This record provides an overview of the NESP Marine and Coastal Hub project 'Towards assessing the values of reefs in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria 2024 - 2025'. For specific data outputs from this project, please see child records associated with this metadata.

The Gulf of Carpentaria Marine Park was only recently declared in 2013. The zoning plan for this marine park, which permits trawling within a specific trawling zone is due for renewal by 2028. There is a strong need to collect, analyse, synthesise and make publicly available information on the values and conditions of key habitats within the Marine Park, such as recently identified patch reefs and coral reefs, to contribute to this upcoming review of the management plan for this marine park.
The limited scientific information that is available on the values of this marine park is hard to access and much of it has not been analysed or written up. In addition, the Traditional Owners hold much valuable information about the ecological and cultural values that should inform future park management decisions. This project aims to gather, synthesise and report on existing scientific data and information about coral and patch reefs in the marine park.  This information will be presented to the Traditional Owners and other relevant stakeholders at community meetings or workshops.  Documenting cultural values of the reefs in this marine park is beyond the scope of the current project and would require considerable further engagement with Traditional Owners.  However, it is anticipated that presentation of existing scientific and biophysical data at community meetings will start this process.  We will produce visual (e.g. photos and videos) outputs that illustrate the values of these reefs, in order to better inform stakeholders involved in decisions about future park management.

Planned Outputs
 • Final technical report with analysed data and a summary of recommendations for policy makers of key findings [written]

Tags: National Environmental Science Program Marine and Coastal (NESP MaC) hub, marine
Organization: Australian Ocean Data Network