AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
SI 1028 Adolphus Channel to Great North East Channel (HIPP) Bathymetry Acquisition (20230002S)

The Adolphus Channel to Great North East Channel&nbsp;bathymetry survey was acquired for the Australian Hydrographic Office (AHO) during the period 16 Nov 2023 – 8 Feb 2024. This was a contracted survey conducted for the Australian Hydrographic Office by PHS as part of the Hydroscheme Industry Partnership Program. Bathymetry data was acquired using a Kongsberg EM2040-07|Kongsberg 2040P MKII and processed using CARIS HIPS and SIPS software. The dataset was then exported as a 30m resolution, 32-bit floating point GeoTIFF grid of the survey area.

This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes.

Tags: AusSeabed, Australia-wide geoscience data, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth Science | Oceans | Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography | Bathymetry, HVC_144641, Oceans, Offshore Mapping, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity, bathymetric grids, bathymetry, multibeam
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geomorphology and Habitats of Shelf Reefs, Southeast Tasmania

Flythrough movie showing the bathymetry of the shelf along the coast of southeast Tasmania, highlighting rock reefs as benthic habitats. The bathymetric image is derived from multibeam sonar collected in 2008 and 2009 using a 300 kHz Simrad EM3002 system on RV Challenger and gridded at 3 - 4 m resolution. Key features on the shelf include low relief (&lt; 5 m) reefs on the outer shelf of Freycinet Peninsula and inner shelf of Tasman Peninsula, high relief (50-90 m) reefs surrounding Hippolyte Rocks, and extensive fractured reefs around The Friars to the south of Bruny Island. All reefs provide hard substrate for kelp gardens and diverse sponge communities. The southeast Tasmanian shelf is a study site for the Marine Biodiversity Research Hub, funded through the Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities (CERF) programme. Survey work was carried out as a collaboration between Geoscience Australia and University of Tasmania (Institute for Marine &amp; Antarctic Studies). Further information is provided in GA Record 2009/43.

Tags: AU-TAS, CERF, Earth Sciences, Flythrough, Multimedia, Published_External, bathymetry, geomorphology, mapping, marine, marine survey
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Examination of Samples from Arabella No. 1, Candace No. 1 and Kybra No. 1, Offshore Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia, for Triassic Conodonts

Examination of samples from· Arabella No.1, Candace No.1 and Kybra No.1, offshore Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia, for Triassic conodonts.

Tags: AU-WA, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Professional Opinion, Published_External, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
A non-marine Lower Cretaceous rift-related epiclastic volcanic unit in southern Australia: the Eumeralla Formation in the Otway Basin.  Part I: Lithostratigraphy and depositional environments

The Early Cretaceous non-marine volcaniclastic Eumeralla Formation accumulated in a rift basin on the southern margin of Australia during the break-up of eastern Gondwana.  Wireline-Iog analysis and a range of sedimentary data have helped to discriminate three major basin-wide informal lithostratigraphic units in the formation.  From the base of the formation they are: Eumeralla I: siltstone/mudstone/sandstone/coal; Eumeralla II: siltstone/mudstone/thin lithic sandstone; and Eumeralia III: volcaniclastic sandstone. A fourth unit - Eumeralla IV: siltstone/sandstone/coal - occurs throughout the western Otway Basin, but is absent, probably because of erosion, from the central and eastern pans of the basin.  The bases of all four lithostratigraphic units are probably diachronous.  The succession of lithostratigraphic units Eumeralla I- IV is interpreted as representing coal swamps and flood plains of low-energy streams; shallow and deep freshwater lakes; channel tracts and flood plains of high-energy streams; and channel tracts, flood plains and coal swamps of low- energy streams respectively.  Sedimentary facies analysis of outcropping Eumeralla II and Eumeralla III in the eastern Otway Basin confirms the interpretations for these units.  The basin-wide extent of the three lower lithostratigraphic units implies that a single integrated drainage system for the entire basin was established at the onset of Eumeralla Formation deposition, and persisted at least until the late Albian.  This inference is supported by the close correlation between variations in lithology and depositional environments and the Aptian- Albian sea-level changes.  However, intrabasinal volcanism significantly influenced sedimentation and was probably the primary control on basin drainage.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, NSW, Published_External, SA, TAS, VIC, WA
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
5028 Block 2 (Southeast) Grid of Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) with Reduction to Pole (RTP) applied.

Total magnetic intensity (TMI) data measures variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the contrasting content of rock-forming minerals in the Earth crust. Magnetic anomalies can be either positive (field stronger than normal) or negative (field weaker) depending on the susceptibility of the rock. The data are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
This 5028 Block 2 (Southeast) Grid of Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) with Reduction to Pole (RTP) applied. is a first vertical derivative of the Total Magnetic Intensity grid for the Narryer.
This grid has a cell size of  degrees (approximately 20m). The grid has units of nanoTesla per km (or nT/km). The data used to produce the TMI grid was acquired in 2024 by the WA Government, and consisted of 415090 line-kilometres of data at 100m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) process was applied to the original grid to calculate the first vertical derivative grid.

Tags: 1vd, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, WA, airborne digital data, first vertical derivative, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, mag, magnetics, magnetism, palaeomagnetism, raster, survey 5028
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Predicted seabed gravel, mud and sand content in the Vlaming sub-basin in the Australian continental EEZ 2013

This dataset provides the spatially continuous data of seabed gravel (sediment fraction &gt;2000 Âµm), mud  (sediment fraction &lt; 63 Âµm) and sand content (sediment fraction 63-2000 Âµm) expressed as a weight percentage ranging from 0 to 100%, presented in 0.0025 decimal degree (dd) resolution raster grids format and ascii text file. 

The dataset covers the Vlaming sub-basin in the Australian continental EEZ.

This dataset supersedes previous predictions of sediment gravel, mud and sand content for the basin with demonstrated improvements in accuracy. Accuracy of predictions varies based on density of underlying data and level of seabed complexity. Artefacts occur in this dataset as a result of insufficient samples in relevant regions. This dataset is intended for use at the basin scale. The dataset may not be appropriate for use at smaller scales in areas where sample density is insufficient to detect local variation in sediment properties. To obtain the most accurate interpretation of sediment distribution in these areas, it is recommended that additional samples be collected and interpolations updated.

Tags: AU-EEZ, Data Package, Earth Sciences, Published_External, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Major achievements of the comparative geomorphology of estuaries project

Australia's near-pristine estuaries are some of our most valuable natural assets, with many natural and cultural heritage values. They are important as undisturbed habitat for native plants and animals, for biodiversity conservation, as Indigenous lands and for tourism. They also support near-shore fisheries. In addition, by studying near-pristine estuaries, scientists can learn more about the way humans have changed natural systems. This information then feeds into natural resource management because it constitutes benchmark or baseline information against which similar information from more modified estuaries can be compared.

Tags: AU-EEZ, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Report, coasts, marine, resource management
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Gravimetry in Australia, 1819-1976

The earliest known gravity measurements in Australia were made by French expeditions in 1819 and 1824, using pendulums at Sydney. Later in the 19th century, further pendulum measurements with an accuracy of about 10 mGal were made at various capital cities by observers from Britain, Bavaria, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Italy. A very early gravity meter was designed and constructed at Sydney University during the last decade of the century, but was used only experimentally. Reasonably accurate gravity meter surveys started about 1947. The Cambridge pendulums were used in 1950-51 to establish a national network of 59 stations with an accuracy of about 0.8 mGal; this was supplemented between 1950 and 1959 by gravity meter and pendulum measurements made as part of international surveys, which also helped to relate the Australian datum to the international network. Meanwhile, surveys, mainly for geophysical prospecting, were made by Government authorities, universities, and private companies; some of these surveys covered extensive areas and enabled compilation of a preliminary Bouguer anomaly map in 1959. Early marine gravity surveys included observations in nearby oceans with Vening Meinesz submarine pendulums, gravity measurements on offshore islands and reefs, and from 1956, underwater gravity meter surveys on the continental shelf. Two factors stimulated regional gravity coverage in 1959 - firstly the Petroleum Search Subsidy Act, which ensured that exploration data from subsidized surveys were publicly available, and secondly, use of helicopters for reconnaissance gravity coverage of the continent, which was completed in 1973. Gravity data at sea were obtained mainly from reconnaissance marine geophysical surveys carried out under contract to BMR between 1965 and 1973, but include also traverses by international survey vessels and exploration companies. Gravity meter calibration ranges were established in the main cities in 1960-61. Gravity values at the Cambridge pendulum stations were revised in 1962 using all relevant data, to establish a more accurate control network with standard errors ranging from 0.2 to more than 0.4 mGal for compilation of data from many surveys. These values were superseded by the Isogal Project of 1964-67, which gave values with standard errors of 0.1-0.2 mGal, in which several gravity meters were transported by aircraft along transcontinental east-west traverses. Values at the eastern ends of the traverses, forming part of the Australian Calibration Line (ACL), were established by a US Air Force survey in 1965. The accuracy of the ACL was significantly improved by Soviet pendulum measurements in 1972-74, and joint Soviet-Australian gravity meter measurements in 1973 - a precision of about 0.01 mGal being achieved.

Tags: AUS, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
A note on submarine phosphorite deposits

Submarine phosphorite deposits, believed to be relatively common on the ocean floor, have been most thoroughly investigated off the coasts of California and Mexico. The conditions under which these deposits formed are believed to be applicable to most of the world's phosphorite deposits. Similar conditions may exist on the continental shelf to the south of Australia which therefore seems to be the most logical place to look for submarine phosphorite. The Californian deposits are of immense size and their economic exploitation seems to be feasible.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Mapping the spatial and temporal variability of the upwelling systems of Australian south-eastern coast using 14-year MODIS data

Coast upwelling is important for marine ecosystems and economic, because of its elevated primary and secondary productivity and large fish catch. This study developed a scale-independent and semi-automatic image processing technique to map the upwelling areas along the 4500 km long south-eastern coast of Australia from 14-year monthly MODIS SST data. The results show that there is significant spatial variability in the mapped upwelling areas, month to month, season to season and year to year. There is also strong temporal (month to month, seasonal and inter-annual) variability of the upwelling characteristics in area of influence, SST anomaly, chlorophyll-a concentrations and upwelling speed. This study identifies two persistent upwelling systems, the NSW system along the coast of the New South Wales and the WVIC/SA system along the coast of western Victoria and adjacent South Australia. The NSW coastal upwelling system occurs more or less continuously from austral spring to autumn. The WVIC/SA coastal upwelling system is a seasonal upwelling system occurred in the austral summer. The NSW coastal upwelling system has a stronger upwelling intensity than the WVIC/SA system, in terms of area of influence, SST anomaly, chlorophyll-a concentrations and upwelling speed. We believe that the NSW coastal upwelling system, especially the northern and central parts, is mainly driven by the EAC and its eddies; while, the WVIC/SA coastal upwelling is a typical wind-driven system. In addition, the results indicate that the ENSO events are likely to have a moderate impact on both the NSW and the WVIC/SA coastal upwelling systems. The El Nino (La Nina) events tend to strength (weaken) upwelling intensity.

<b>Citation:</b> Zhi Huang, Xiao Hua Wang, Mapping the spatial and temporal variability of the upwelling systems of the Australian south-eastern coast using 14-year of MODIS data, <i>Remote Sensing of Environment</i>, Volume 227, 2019, Pages 90-109, ISSN 0034-4257,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.002

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, ENSO, East Australian current, El Nino, La Nina, MODIS SST, Published_External, South-eastern Australia, upwelling, wind
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Sediment Core from Beneath the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, Suggests Mid-Holocene Ice-shelf Retreat

The stability of floating ice shelves is an important indicator of ocean circulation and ice-shelf mass balance. A sub-ice -shelf sediment core collected during the Austral summer of 2000-2001 from site AM02 on the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, contains a full and continuous record of glacial retreat.

Tags: AQ, Antarctic data, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Seabed morphology and geomorphology of Flinders Reefs within the Coral Sea Marine Park, north-eastern Australia, Version 1 MapServer

This ESRI map (web) service contains geospatial seabed morphology and geomorphology information for Flinders Reefs within the Coral Sea Marine Park and are intended for use by marine park managers, regulators, the general public and other stakeholders. This web service uses the data product published in McNeil et al. (2023); eCat Record 147998.

Tags: Geomorphology, Geomorphology and Earth Surface Processes, MapServer, Mapping, Morphology, Parks Australia, Published_External, Seabed, Spatial, web service
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Seismic refraction - a tool for studying coral reef growth

Seismic refraction studies have been conducted in close proximity to shallow boreholes previously drilled at Bewick (Northern Great Barrier Reef), Hayman (Central Great Barrier Reef) and Heron Islands (Southern Great Barrier Reef). Results show a seismic discontinuity at depths similar to the unconformity separating Holocene and pre-Holocene carbonates in the boreholes. Extensive seismic refraction studies have been conducted in the Capricorn/Bunker Reefs to assess the effects of substrate on modern reef growth, and the classification of modern reefs in the area. One hundred and twenty-four profiles were completed on six reefs. A marked seismic discontinuity, detected at depths ranging from 8-23 m, is equated with the Holocene/ pre-Holocene unconformity identified in the boreholes. Results show that the pre-Holocene surface forms a central depression with a raised rim around the perimeter beneath those reefs which have lagoons. This also appears to be the case beneath those reefs which presently have small or no lagoons, the inference being that Holocene sedimentation and growth have infilled the original depressions. The geophysical evidence does not support the claim that reefs of the southern Great Barrier Reef follow a latitudinal genetic sequence, but rather that the varied growth forms of the Holocene reefs have been determined to a considerable extent by the shape of the pre-Holocene surface.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, QLD, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
5028 Block 4 (Northeast) Grid of Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) with standard reductions applied

Total magnetic intensity (TMI) data measures variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the contrasting content of rock-forming minerals in the Earth crust. Magnetic anomalies can be either positive (field stronger than normal) or negative (field weaker) depending on the susceptibility of the rock. The data are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
This 5028 Block 4 (Northeast) Grid of Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) with standard reductions applied has a cell size of  degrees (approximately 20m). The units are in nanoTesla (or nT). The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 2024 by the WA Government, and consisted of 415090 line-kilometres of data at 100m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, TMI, WA, airborne digital data, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, mag, magnetics, magnetism, palaeomagnetism, raster, survey 5028, total magnetic intensity
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geomorphology and Sedimentology of the Northwest Marine Region

Literature review and spatial analysis of the sedimentology and geomorphology of the Northwest Marine Region (boundary as defined by the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts 2007).  Sedimentology information is based on consistent quantitative point assays of grainsize (weight % sand/mud/gravel) and carbonate content (weight % carbonate) of sediments in the MARS database at 01/08/07.

Tags: AU-WA, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, environmental, geomorphology, marine, marine zone, sedimentology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Standard Operation Procedures for a Multibeam Survey: Acquisition & Processing

The Australian Maritime Jurisdiction of approximately 7,000,000 km2 has, at most, 25% of its seabed surveyed at high resolution. Since September 2001, under Commonwealth Policy on Spatial Data Access and Pricing, Intergovernmental Committee on Spatial Data Access and Pricing, the co-custodian of the bathymetry data collected within the Australian Marine Jurisdiction has been assigned to Geoscience Australia (GA). GA thus hosts various formats of raw as well as processed bathymetry datasets from multiple sensors, including multibeam sonar systems. The quality between datasets varies, depending on the objectives of the survey. As of January 2013, the multibeam sonar bathymetric coverage held by GA was acquired by 48 vessels, 26 different multibeam sonar systems in 9 different frequencies between 12 and 455 kHz. Consequently, GA has to deal with a variety of survey standards, making the post-processing and merging not efficient. The objective of this document is thus to provide standards and guidance to GA personnel and contractors who conduct multibeam data acquisition and processing during marine surveys to maximise consistency and efficiency. This document provides the most critical steps to multibeam acquisition and a mandatory checklist and deliverables. Specific details and tips for processing using Caris HIPS &amp; SIPS software and Kongsberg EM series data are also provided in the appendix.

Tags: AU-ACT, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, backscatter, bathymetry, mapping, marine, multibeam
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction in the Arafura and Coral Seas

Map showing Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction in the Arafura and Coral Seas.
One of the 27 constituent maps of the "Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction Map Series" (GeoCat 71789).
Depicting Australia's extended continental shelf, approved by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in April 2008, treaties and various maritime zones.  Background bathymetric image is derived from a combination of the 2009 9 arc second bathymetric and topographic grid by GA and a grid by Smith and Sandwell, 1997. Background land imagery derived from Blue Marble, NASA's Earth Observatory.
A0 sized .pdf downloadable from the web.

Tags: Administrative Boundary, Earth Sciences, Published_External, Thematic Map, administrative boundaries, bathymetry, continental shelf, marine, marine jurisdiction
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Glacial-interglacial paleoceanography from Australian margin sediments: northwest Australian margin and Great Australian Bight

The Australian Geological Survey Organisation has collected cores from two areas of the Australian continental margin- the Exmouth Plateau and Perth Basin (EP/PB) in the southeastern Indian Ocean off western Australia, and the Ceduna Terrace (CT) in the Great Australian Bight Data from seven EP/PB cores provide evidence of glacial- interglacial changes in surface ocean productivity in this region.  Sediment accumulation rates and the accumulation rates of biogenic sediment components (CaCO3 and organic carbon) during the last glacial maximum (LGM, roughly 20,000 years ago) were 1.5- 2 times higher than during the Holocene. Likewise, benthic foraminiferal abundances and accumulation rates are higher in glacial sediments, as is the concentration of authigenic uranium.  These data all suggest that the glacial productivity off Western Australia was elevated relative to Holocene values. Benthic foraminiferal stable isotope data from the EP/PB cores and from seven CT cores provide records of changes in intermediate and deep water chemistry in these regions since the LGM. Reconstructed LGM 13C profiles show that the deep southeastern Indian Ocean did not experience the strong glacial 13C depletion observed in the deep north Indian Ocean and in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data