AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Geomorphic features of the Antarctic margin and Southern Ocean 2012

Publicly available bathymetry and geophysical data has been used to map geomorphic features of the Antarctic continental margin and adjoining ocean basins at scales of 1:1-2 million. The key bathymetry datasets used were GEBCO08 and ETOPO2 satellite bathymetry (Smith &amp; Sandwell 1997), in addition to seismic lines in key areas. Twenty-seven geomorphic units were identified based on interpretation of the seafloor bathymetry with polygons digitised by hand in ArcGIS. Seafloor features were classified largely based on the International Hydrographic Organisation (2001) classification of undersea features, and expanded to include additional features, including those likely to have specific substrate types and influence on oceanography. This approach improves the technique as a predictor of physical conditions that may influence seafloor communities. The geomorphic map has been used for developing a benthic bioregionalisation and for developing a representative system of Marine Protected Areas for East Antarctica. 
Slight modifications have been made since original publication in O'Brien et al. 2009 and Post et al. 2014. These include:
- updating of some feature names;
- combining "wave affected banks" with "shelf banks"
- Combining "coastal terrance" with "island coastal terrane" as "Coastal/Shelf Terrane"
- replacing canyon vectors with polygons by using a buffer around the vectors
Further details of the original mapping can be found in: 
O'Brien, P.E., Post, A.L., Romeyn, R., 2009. Antarctic-wide geomorphology as an aid to habitat mapping and locating Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems, Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems Workshop, Paper WS-VME-09/10. CCAMLR, La Jolla, California, USA.
Post, A.L., Meijers, A.J.S., Fraser, A.D., Meiners, K.M., Ayers, J., Bindoff, N.L., Griffiths, H.J., Van de Putte, A.P., O'Brien, P.E., Swadling, K.M., Raymond, B., 2014. Chapter 14. Environmental Setting, In: De Broyer, C., Koubbi, P., Griffiths, H.J., Raymond, B., d'Udekem d'Acoz, C., et al. (Eds.), Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, pp. 46-64.

Tags: Geomorphology and Regolith and Landscape Evolution, Published_External, geomorphology, habitat mapping, seafloor
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Geology of the Surat Basin in Queensland

The Surat Basin of eastern Australia contains 2500 m of Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments, terrestrial during the Jurassic, but showing two marine incursions during the Early Cretaceous. The sequence is almost flat-lying; the gentle basinward dip is modified by a few drape or compaction folds and faults. Deposition during the Jurassic was dominantly fluviatile and consisted of fining-upward megacycles, each more than 100 m thick. Volcanic debris suggests contemporaneous volcanism in both the Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous. Sedimentation gave way to erosion during the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary, and the rocks were deeply weathered. In the Oligocene and Miocene, basin volcanicity around the margins of the Basin accompanied epeirogenic basinward tilting; since then the basin has been stable. Petroleum reserves in the basin in 1974 were estimated as 51 billion m3 of gas and 31 million m3 of oil. The Walloon Coal Measures hold considerable reserves of bituminous coal and some of oil shale.

Tags: AU-QLD, Bulletin, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Carnarvon Basin hydrogeological inventory

This Carnarvon Basin dataset contains descriptive attribute information for the areas bounded by the relevant spatial groundwater feature in the associated Hydrogeology Index map. Descriptive topics are grouped into the following themes: Location and administration; Demographics; Physical geography; Surface water; Geology; Hydrogeology; Groundwater; Groundwater management and use; Environment; Land use and industry types; and Scientific stimulus.

The Carnarvon Basin is a large sedimentary basin covering the western and north-western coast of Western Australia, stretching over 1,000 km from Geraldton to Karratha. It is predominantly offshore, with over 80% of the basin located in water depths of up to 4,500 m. The basin is elongated north to south and connects to the Perth Basin in the south and the offshore Canning Basin in the north-east. It is underlain by Precambrian crystalline basement rocks.

The Carnarvon Basin consists of two distinct parts. The southern portion comprises onshore sub-basins with mainly Paleozoic sedimentary rocks extending up to 300 km inland, while the northern section consists of offshore sub-basins containing Mesozoic, Cenozoic, and Paleozoic sequences.

The geological evolution of the Southern Carnarvon Basin was shaped by multiple extensional episodes related to the breakup of Gondwana and reactivation of Archean and Proterozoic structures. The collision between Australia and Eurasia in the Mid-Miocene caused significant fault reactivation and inversion. The onshore region experienced arid conditions, leading to the formation of calcrete, followed by alluvial and eolian deposition and continued calcareous deposition offshore.

The Northern Carnarvon Basin contains up to 15,000 m of sedimentary infill, primarily composed of siliciclastic deltaic to marine sediments from the Triassic to Early Cretaceous and shelf carbonates from the Mid-Cretaceous to Cenozoic. The basin is a significant hydrocarbon province, with most of the resources found within Upper Triassic, Jurassic, and Lower Cretaceous sandstone reservoirs. The basin's development occurred during four successive periods of extension and thermal subsidence, resulting in the formation of various sub-basins and structural highs.

Overall, the Carnarvon Basin is a geologically complex region with a rich sedimentary history and significant hydrocarbon resources. Exploration drilling has been ongoing since 1953, with numerous wells drilled to unlock its hydrocarbon potential.

Tags: Basin Analysis, EARTH SCIENCES, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Environmental Management, Exploring for the Future, GEOLOGY, Groundwater, Hydrogeology, Land Use and Environmental Planning, National Groundwater Sytems, National Hydrogeological Inventory, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCE, Published_External, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy)
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Port Fairy Wave Energy Site Bathymetry 2021 (4892/20210005S)

The Port Fairy Wave Energy Site bathymetry survey was acquired by Deakin University Marine Mapping lab onboard the Motor Vessel Yolla over one day in 2021 (30/03) using a Kongsberg EM2040c. These data were collected to assess the impact of a wave energy structure placed on the seafloor.

Not to be used for navigational purposes

Tags: AusSeabed, Australia-wide geoscience data, Bass Strait (Great Australian Bight), Bathymetry, EARTH SCIENCES, Great Australian Bight, MV Yolla, Marine, Offshore Mapping, Published_External, Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity, multi-beam echosounders
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australian Estuaries and Coastal Waterways: A Guide to the Biogeochemistry of Sediments and Water

This is a joint product developed by GA and Skyring Environment Entetrprises. It is an animated CDROM developed specifically in Authoware software for state of the art visual presentation.

Tags: AU-EEZ, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, coasts, geochemistry, geoscience education, marine, remote sensing
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
AGSO Marine Survey 176 Direct Hydrocarbon Detection North-West Australia: Yampi Shelf; Southern Vulcan Sub-Basin; Sahul Platform (July/September 1996) -Operational Report and Data Compendium-

The Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO) carried out a regional water column geochemical `sniffer' program on the north-west Australian continental margin, from 28 July to 02 September 1996. The survey acquired data on bottom water hydrocarbon concentration and composition on the Yampi Shelf, southern Vulcan Sub-basin and Sahul Platform. A primary goal was to detect natural hydrocarbon seepage. A total of 3535 line km (150 survey lines) of sniffer data were acquired during the program, using the RV Rig Seismic. In addition to the sniffer program, the survey tested a new high-resolution seismic cable. Also, a total of eight gravity cores were taken. The principal areas of seepage detected were on the Yampi Shelf where very high, dry, thermogenic gas concentrations (~1%wet) were detected where the regional seal thins onto the Kimberley Block basement (O'Brien et al.,1998a). Principal areas of seepage were located inboard from the Cornea trend. In addition, significantly lower concentrations of relatively wet gas were detected around the Skua field, in the southern Vulcan Sub-basin. Drier, low-level methane seepage was detected around the breached East Swan and Eclipse fields.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geochemistry, marine, petroleum exploration, remote sensing
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Aquatic Substrate Library - Rottnest_Marmion_Shoalwater 2006-2007

Record for source data hosted in the National Spectral Database (NSD) Aquatic Library

Citation:
Harvey MJ (2009) Development of techniques to classify marine benthic habitats using hyperspectral imagery in oligotrophic, temperate waters [PhD thesis p280]. Perth, Western Australia: Murdoch University. 280 p.

For further information and instructions to access the database go to the following URL:
https://cmi.ga.gov.au/data-products/dea/643/australian-national-spectral-database

Tags: Aquatic Substrate Library, Australian National Spectral Database (NSD), Australian spectral data, EARTH SCIENCES, End-member studies, Field spectroscopy, HVC_144490, NSD Source Dataset, Published_External, Remote sensing
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction off Northern Australia 2014

Map showing Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction off Northern Australia. Updated in June 2014 from "Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction off Northern Australia" (GeoCat 70183) to conform with "Australian Maritime Boundaries 2014" data by Geoscience Australia. This includes areas contiguous to the north of the continent and as far west as Christmas Island, but excludes areas around Cocos (Keeling) Islands and areas west of Christmas Island.
One of the 27 constituent maps of the "Australia's Maritime Jurisdiction Map Series" (GeoCat 71789).  Depicting Australia's continental shelf as proclaimed in the "Seas and Submerged Lands (Limits of Continental Shelf) Proclamation 2012" established under the "Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973". Background bathymetry image is derived from a combination of the 2009 9 arc second bathymetry and topographic grid by Geoscience Australia and a grid by W.H.F. Smith and D.T. Sandwell, 1997. Background land imagery derived from Blue Marble, NASA's Earth Observatory.
2800mm x 1050mm (for 42" plotter) sized .pdf downloadable from the web.

Tags: Administrative Boundaries, Administrative Boundary, Continental Shelf, Earth Sciences, Maritime Boundaries, Published_External, Thematic Map, bathymetry, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Biophysical Processes in the Torres Strait Marine Ecosystem II. Survey results and review of activites in response to CRC objectives

This report contains the preliminary results of Geoscience Australia survey 273 to northwest Torres Strait. This survey was undertaken as part of a research program within the Torres Strait CRC aimed at understanding marine biophysical processes in Torres Strait and their effect on seagrass habitats. Two Geoscience Australia surveys were undertaken as part of this program, survey 266 measured monsoon season conditions (Heap et al., 2005), and survey 273 measured trade wind conditions. Section 6 compares and contrasts the survey results acquired for both surveys. Section 7 addresses the results of the survey program in light of the objectives of the CRC proposal.
Survey 273 acquired numerous different data types to assist with characterising the mobile sediments and hydrodynamic nature of the region. Multibeam sonar, current meters, grab samples, vibro-cores, underwater video, meteorological data (from the Bureau of Meteorology), Landsat imagery, were all used to characterise the seabed hydrodynamics of Torres Strait.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, bathymetry, environmental, geology, marine, wind
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Roebuck and Offshore Canning Basin Biozonation and Stratigraphy Chart No.14

Biostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy that uses fossils to establish relative ages of rock and correlate successions of sedimentary rocks within and between depositional basins. A biozone is an interval of geologic strata characterised by certain fossil taxa. Such intervals are often defined by the first appearances (range bases), apparent extinctions (range tops/last appearances), or abundances of fossil index species. These key index species should be relatively abundant, short-lived taxa that are easy to recognise and as geographically widespread as possible. Widely used fossil groups include brachiopods, conodonts, dinoflagellate cysts, foraminifera, graptolites, nannofossil, spores and pollen and trilobites. Zonal schemes based on several different fossil groups can be used in parallel, and the zones can be calibrated to the absolute geological timescale using tie points to rocks which have been radio-isotopically dated.

Tags: Chart, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, marine, stratigraphy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Preliminary Results from Marine Seismic Survey GA302 over Capel and Faust Basins

Data from 50 sonobuoys were recorded over the Capel and Faust Basins, 800 km to the east of Australia in water depths 1500-2000 m, during a 2006/07 seismic survey (GA302) for Geoscience Australia's New Oil initiative. These data were interpreted and forward modelled by ray-tracing to provide an estimate of P-wave velocities in the upper sedimentary section, and hence constrain estimates of sediment thickness. Also recorded were gravity and magnetic anomaly data which, in conjunction with the very high quality seismic reflection data, provided additional constraints upon the velocity models. The preliminary seismic reflection records studied are typified by four sets of reflection patterns: I) a ~500m thick sequence just below sea floor, II) a highly reflective flat-lying set of reflectors of variable thickness lying unconformably over III) a discontinuous, dipping, deformed sequence penetrated by high-amplitude events, and IV) deepest sequence generally marked by onset of high amplitude events. Typical ranges in four model layers below water were: 1.9, 2.3-3.0, 3.6-4.7, 5-5.3 km/s. Gravity models based on these results were compared to features identified on depth converted seismic reflection lines and indicate that sediment thickness at densities approximating 2.3 t/m3 (typically including sequences I-III) may reach 5 km in several localities.

Tags: AU, Article, Earth Sciences, External Publication, NC, NF, Published_External, gravity, marine, marine survey, sedimentary basins, seismic sections, sequence stratigraphy
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Accommodating Spatially Varying Tidal Planes in Tsunami Hazard Assessments

Tsunami hazard assessment is commonly performed using a conservatively high sea level, typically the highest astronomical tide (HAT). However, HAT is not constant but varies from location to location. This is especially true in northern Australia such as along Queensland’s Coast where HAT varies from 1.4 m at Lady Elliot Island to over 5.4 m near St Lawrence. Picking any single tidal plane leads to over or under-estimation of the HAT tsunami inundation at most sites.

We propose a simple yet effective technique to model tsunamis with a spatially varying HAT. It does not require separate simulations at multiple tidal levels and does not induce spurious flows due to an uneven sea surface. We demonstrate the accuracy of this method using the Gladstone region as a case study. The tests include comparisons with tsunami scenarios at different HAT levels, and comparisons of “mini” probabilistic tsunami hazard assessments at three sites with markedly different HAT levels: Lady Elliot Island, South Trees, and Rosslyn Bay. The “mini” probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment considers four major earthquake source zones and uses importance sampling to efficiently leverage offshore scenarios and return periods from the 2018 Australian Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment. Tsunamis are simulated globally from the earthquake source to the Gladstone region using nested grids with resolution down to a 10 m to resolve inundation and marine hazards.

The proposed tidal adjustment technique allows tsunami hazard assessments to be conducted in regions where the chosen tidal plane is spatially inhomogeneous. In Gladstone, these methods produce inundation that is typically much smaller than currently used heuristics that are not derived from hydrodynamic models. These support tsunami evacuation plans and enable emergency management planners to refine the tsunami procedures for mariners and better focus procedures for onshore evacuation in the event of a land-warning tsunami.

Presented at the 2025 Australasian Coasts &amp; Ports Conference

Tags: Natural Hazards, Published_External, probabilistic hazard assessment, tides, tsunami
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Seafloor bathymetry and biodiversity of Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Marine Park

This flythrough highlights shallow and mesophotic seabed environments of Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, located within the Lord Howe Marine Park. These reefs are unique because they are the southern-most platform reefs in the world and host a diverse range of tropical, sub-tropical and temperate marine species. High-resolution multibeam bathymetry data and seafloor imagery used in this flythrough was acquired by the Marine Biodiversity Hub, during the period 31 January to 6 February 2020 on board the Australian Maritime College vessel, TV Bluefin. Participating agencies included Geoscience Australia, the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (University of Tasmania), the Australian Centre for Field Robotics (University of Sydney) through their involvement with the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), NSW Department of Primary Industries and Parks Australia. The specific aim of the survey was to fill knowledge gaps on the distribution, extent and structure of seabed habitats and associated sessile and mobile fauna in the lagoon and mesophotic shelves of Elizabeth (Recreational Use Zone) and Middleton (National Park Zone) Reefs, using a suite of national standard survey tools and best practice sampling procedures. Data acquisition for the project included seabed mapping using multibeam sonar (Kongsberg EM 2040C HD, 300 kHz), seabed imagery acquisition by Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV Sirius and AUV Nimbus), sediment samples, and imagery of demersal fish communities by stereo-baited remote underwater videos (stereo-BRUVs). 

This work was undertaken by the Marine Biodiversity Hub, a collaborative partnership supported through funding from the Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Program (NESP), and Parks Australia. AUV data was sourced from Australia’s Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) – IMOS is enabled by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS). It is operated by a consortium of institutions as an unincorporated joint venture, with the University of Tasmania as Lead Agent. 

This multimedia product is published with the permission of the CEO, Geoscience Australia.

Tags: Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), Bathymetry, Bathymetry Grid, EARTH SCIENCES, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Mesophotic Coral Ecosystem, Multibeam, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Surface Hydrology Polygons (Regional)

The Surface Hydrology polygon (Regional) dataset provides a set of related features classes to be used as the basis of the production of consistent hydrological information.  This dataset contains a geometric representation of major hydrographic polygon elements - both natural and artificial.   This dataset is the best available data supplied by Jurisdictions and aggregated by Geoscience Australia.  It is intended for defining hydrological features wtih attributes.

Tags: AU, DC2020, GIS Dataset, HVC_144499, Hydrogeology, Published_External, Regional, hydrology, lakes, surfacewater hydrology, water resources
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Guiding research for the sustainable development, operation, and decommissioning of offshore wind farms in Australia

The development of Australia’s offshore renewable energy (ORE) industry can learn and benefit from decades of international experience and research. However, local knowledge of our unique receiving environment and the organisms that depend on it is critical for ensuring development minimises impacts on marine ecosystems. Long-term monitoring and adaptive management strategies that consistently evaluate and address environmental impacts of offshore wind farms will be necessary throughout the operational lifespan of ORE. This collaborative National Environmental Science Program project established an inventory of environmental and cultural data and best practice monitoring standards to support regulatory decision-making for ORE development for current proposed and declared areas: Hunter, Gippsland and Bass Strait, Illawarra, Southern Ocean and south-west Western Australia. We provide detail on 1) potential impacts of installation, operation, and decommissioning; 2) best practice standards for monitoring; 3) cultural and environmental values of Indigenous communities with links to development areas; 4) seabed geomorphology and habitat characterisation; potential interactions with oceanography and 5) the seasonality and distribution of interacting species. The inventory, which is available to the Government, proponents, and researchers, will improve the effectiveness of future research for the sustainable development of ORE in Australia.

Presented at the 2024 AMSA-NZMSS Conference Hobart Tas

Tags: Geomorphology and earth surface processes, NESP Project 3.3, Published_External, marine geomorphology, national environmental science program - NESP, ocean best practice, seabed mapping
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data