AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Characterization of uranium redox state in organic-rich marine sediments of the Cretaceous Toolebuc Formation, Australia

Throughout geological history, marine organic-rich shales show variable but appreciable enrichment in uranium (U),  500 ppm. Here we report the results of high-energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) x-ray absorption spectroscopy at U L3 and M4 edges to characterize U speciation in marine sediments.

We characterised U oxidation state in samples from the Cretaceous Toolebuc Formation of the Eromanga Basin, Australia. Nine samples were carbonaceous shales with high total organic carbon (TOC) content of 5.9 to 13.4 wt&nbsp;% and with low maturity organic matter. Two samples of coquinite were selected for comparison (TOC 0.3 and 2.4 wt %).

Our results suggest that a significant proportion of U in marine black shales (~20 to 30%) exists as U(VI) (Figures 1-2), despite the extremely reducing (anoxic to euxinic) conditions during sediment precipitation and diagenesis. Within individual samples, spot analyses indicate variation in the estimated oxidation state within a range of ~20% of U(VI). Uranium is unevenly distributed at mm to nanoscale. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) reveals different associations that often coexist in single samples; nano-particulate uranium is associated with organic matter matrix or sulphide minerals, whereas phosphate minerals display diffuse uranium enrichment. The coquinite has a higher proportion of U(VI), consistent with the dysoxic depositional environment (Boreham and Powell, 1987).

The unexpectedly enhanced proportion of U(VI) relative to U(IV) within marine organic-rich shales implies that U might not be immediately fixed by reduction processes during sedimentation, but adsorbed by accumulating organic matter, at least in part as U(VI). This is consistent with the behaviour of uranium reported within the water column of the anoxic Black Sea (Anderson, 1989), experiments on U(VI) sorption by organic matter (e.g., Bhat et al., 2008), and previously documented redox state of U from continental organic-rich Eocene (56-34 Ma) sediments of paleochannel and lacustrine origin (Cumberland et al., 2018).

The results are significant for improving hydrocarbon exploration in known fields (covering the gap to a carbon-free economy without development of new greenfield oil provinces); economic geology (uranium, base-metal, and critical-metal deposits); and environmental management (evaluating potential mobilization of U by groundwaters).

This Abstract was submitted and presented to the 2023 Goldschmidt Conference Lyon, France (https://conf.goldschmidt.info/goldschmidt/2023/meetingapp.cgi)

Tags: EFTF – Exploring for the Future, Geochemistry, Geochemistry not elsewhere classified, Inorganic Geochemistry, Organic Geochemistry, Published_External, Unconventional Hydrocarbons, trace elements
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Darwin Harbour Habitat Mapping Program: Backscatter entropy

This resource contains a GLCM (Grey-Level Co-occurrence Matices) entropy grid of the backscatter data for the greater Darwin Harbour region as part of a baseline seabed mapping program of Darwin Harbour and Bynoe Harbour. This project was funded through offset funds provided by an INPEX-led Ichthys LNG Project to the Northern Territory Government’s Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NTG-DENR) with co-investment from Geoscience Australia (GA) and the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). The intent of this program is to improve knowledge of the marine environments in the Darwin and Bynoe Harbour regions by collating and collecting baseline data that enable the creation of thematic habitat maps and information to underpin marine resource management decisions. The GLCM (Grey-Level Co-occurrence Matices) entropy grid of the backscatter data was derived from a compilation of multiple surveys undertaken by GA, AIMS and NTG-DENR between 2011 and 2017, including GA0333 (Siwabessy et al., 2015), GA0341 (Siwabessy et al., 2015), GA0351/SOL6187 (Siwabessy et al., 2016), GA4452/SOL6432 (Siwabessy et al., 2017), GA0356 (Radke et al., 2017), and GA0358 and GA0359 (Radke et al., 2018), adding to those from a previous survey GA0333 collected by GA, AIMS and NTG-DENR. Entropy measures the disorder or complexity of an image. The entropy is large when the image is texturally complex.

Tags: Backscatter, Exclusive Economic Zone, Marine Environmental Baselines, Marine Survey, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Processed multibeam backscatter data of the South East Tasmania Shelf

Geoscience Australia carried out marine surveys in southeast Tasmania in 2008 and 2009 (GA0315) to map seabed bathymetry and characterise benthic environments through observation of habitats using underwater towed video. Data was acquired using the Tasmania Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute (TAFI) Research Vessel Challenger. Bathymetric mapping was undertaken in seven survey areas, including: Freycinet Pensinula (83 sq km, east coast and shelf); Tasman Peninsula (117 sq km, east coast and shelf); Port Arthur and adjacent open coast (17 sq km); The Friars (41 sq km, south of Bruny Island); lower Huon River estuary (39 sq km); D Entrecastreaux Channel (7 sq km, at Tinderbox north of Bruny Island), and; Maria Island (3 sq km, western side). Video characterisations of the seabed concentrated on areas of bedrock reef and adjacent seabed in all mapped areas, except for D Entrecastreaux Channel and Maria Island.
The "challenger" folder contains processed multibeam backscatter data of the South East Tasmania Shelf. The SIMRAD EM3002 multibeam backscatter data were processed using the CMST_GA MB Process, a multibeam processing toolbox codeveloped by Geoscience Australia and Curtin University of Technology.

Tags: AU-TAS, Backscatter Grid, CERF, Marine Data, Marine Geoscience, Published_External, backscatter, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Mellong 1:50 000 topographic map

Product Specifications Coverage: Partial coverage, predominantly in northern Australia, along major transport routes, and other selected areas. About 1000 maps have been published to date. Currency: Ranges from 1968 to 2006. Coordinates: Geographical and UTM. Datum: AGD66, new edition WGS84; AHD. Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Paper, flat copies only.

Tags: 50K scale, AU-NSW, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Hyden 1:250 000, R502 historical topographic map

The R502 series of maps has been replaced by the National Topographic Map Series (NTMS). The R502 series consists of 542 map sheets and covers Australia at a scale of 1:250,000. It was compiled from aerial photography, but only about one quarter of the series was contoured. The standard sheet size is 1 degree of latitude by 1.5 degrees of longitude. Transverse Mercator map projection and Clark 1858 datum were used. Coverage of the country was completed in 1968.

Tags: 250K scale, AU_WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Emu Creek Gravity (P199242), gravity point data

Gravity data measures small changes in gravity due to changes in the density of rocks beneath the Earth's surface. The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 This Emu Creek Gravity (P199242) contains a total of 54 point data values acquired at a spacing between 1000 and 15000 metres. The data is located in QLD and were acquired in 1992, under project No. 199242 for RGC Exploration Pty Ltd.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, QLD, geophysical survey, geophysics, gravity, ground digital data, point, point located data, survey 199242
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Narromine 1:250 000 topographic map

This map is part of the series that covers the whole of Australia at a scale of 1:250 000 (1cm on a map represents 2.5 km on the ground) and comprises 513 maps. This is the largest scale at which published topographic maps cover the entire continent. Each standard map covers an area of 1.5 degrees longitude by 1 degree latitude or about 150 kilometres from east to west and 110 kilometres from north to south. There are about 50 special maps in the series and these maps cover a non-standard area. Typically, where a map produced on standard sheet lines is largely ocean it is combined with its landward neighbour. These maps contain natural and constructed features including road and rail infrastructure, vegetation, hydrography, contours (interval 50m), localities and some administrative boundaries. The topographic map and data index shows coverage of the sheets. Product Specifications Coverage: The series covers the whole of Australia with 513 maps. Currency: Ranges from 1995 to 2009. 95% of maps have a reliability date of 1994 or later. Coordinates: Geographical and either AMG or MGA (post-1993) Datum: AGD66, GDA94, AHD. Projection: Universal Traverse Mercator (UTM) Medium: Paper, flat and folded copies.

Tags: 250K scale, AU-NSW, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
New SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages from the Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales: East Riverina Project, July 2016–June 2020

This Record presents new U–Pb geochronological data, obtained via Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro Probe (SHRIMP), from 43 samples of predominantly igneous rocks collected from the East Riverina region of the central Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales. The results presented herein correspond to the reporting period July 2016–June 2020. This work is part of an ongoing Geochronology Project, conducted by the Geological Survey of New South Wales (GSNSW) and Geoscience Australia (GA) under a National Collaborative Framework agreement, to better understand the geological evolution and mineral prospectivity of the central Lachlan Orogen in southern NSW (Bodorkos et al., 2013; 2015; 2016, 2018; Waltenberg et al., 2019).

Tags: EARTH SCIENCES, GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOLOGY, Geochronology, Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Isotope Geochemistry, Lachlan Orogen, NEW SOUTH WALES, Published_External, Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro Probe (SHRIMP), U-Pb dating, zircon
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Seabed environments and shallow geology of the Vlaming sub-basin, Western Australia: Bulk organic carbon and nitrogen isotopes and concentrations in seabed sediments.

Geoscience Australia undertook a marine survey of the Vlaming Sub-basin in March and April 2012 to provide seabed and shallow geological information to support an assessment of the CO2 storage potential of this sedimentary basin. The survey was undertaken under the Australian Government's National CO2 Infrastructure Plan (NCIP) to help identify sites suitable for the long term storage of CO2 within reasonable distances of major sources of CO2 emissions. The Vlaming Sub-basin is located offshore from Perth, Western Australia, and was previously identified by the Carbon Storage Taskforce (2009) as potentially highly suitable for CO2 storage. The principal aim of the Vlaming Sub-basin marine survey (GA survey number GA334) was to look for evidence of any past or current gas or fluid seepage at the seabed, and to determine whether these features are related to structures (e.g. faults) in the Vlaming Sub-basin that may extend up to the seabed. The survey also mapped seabed habitats and biota in the areas of interest to provide information on communities and biophysical features that may be associated with seepage. This research addresses key questions on the potential for containment of CO2 in the Early Cretaceous Gage Sandstone (the basin's proposed CO2 storage unit) and the regional integrity of the South Perth Shale (the seal unit that overlies the Gage Sandstone). This dataset comprises bulk organic carbon and nitrogen isotopes and concentrations from seabed sediments (0-2 cm).

Tags: Marine Data, Marine Geoscience, Published_External, WA, continental shelf, geochemistry, marine, marine environmental baselines, seabed
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Yampi - Derby, WA, 2009 (North Canning 2) (P1214), magnetic line data, AWAGS levelled

Total magnetic intensity (TMI) data measures variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the contrasting content of rock-forming minerals in the Earth crust. Magnetic anomalies can be either positive (field stronger than normal) or negative (field weaker) depending on the susceptibility of the rock. The data are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
 These line dataset from the Yampi - Derby, WA, 2009 (North Canning 2) survey were acquired in 2009 by the WA Government, and consisted of 68011 line-kilometres of data at 400m line spacing and 60m terrain clearance. To constrain long wavelengths in the data, an independent data set, the Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) airborne magnetic data, was used to control the base levels of the survey data. This survey data is essentially levelled to AWAGS.

Tags: AWAGS, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, Published_External, WA, airborne digital data, geophysical survey, geophysics, line, magnetic, magnetics, magnetism and palaeomagnetism, survey 1214, vector
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Natural Hazards in Australia: Identifying Risk Analysis Requirements

This report provides an overview of the rapid onset natural hazards which impact on Australian communities, including tropical cyclone, flood, severe storm, bushfire, landslide, earthquake and tsunami events. Emphasis is placed on identifying risk analysis requirements for these hazards and the phenomena that they cause, with a particular focus on likelihood and consequence. 
The gaps in information required to more rigorously analyse risk from natural hazards are identified, with emphasis placed on those which are research related. Also included is an overview of the roles played by government and non-government agencies, groups and individuals in the management of natural hazards. Postage and handling costs within Australia and overseas will be charged.

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Monograph, Published_External, geohazards
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Port Weld 1:50 000 topographic map

Product Specifications Coverage: Partial coverage, predominantly in northern Australia, along major transport routes, and other selected areas. About 1000 maps have been published to date. Currency: Ranges from 1968 to 2006. Coordinates: Geographical and UTM. Datum: AGD66, new edition WGS84; AHD. Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Paper, flat copies only.

Tags: 50K scale, AU-WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Tectonic evolution and crustal setting of the middle Proterozoic Leichhardt River fault trough, Mount Isa region, northwestern Queensland

The tectonic evolution of the fault-bounded volcanic-sedimentary Leichhardt River fault trough is reinterpreted in the light of detailed mapping of a part of this structure. Two major unconformities are indicated, the first above the Kalkadoon-Leichhardt acid igneous complex, and the second at the base of the ore-bearing Mount Isa Group and its equivalents - the Mingera and Surprise Creek Beds. A complex succession of movements is indicated, involving (1) early faulting of the Kalkadoon-Leichhardt acid igneous complex; (2) long-acting penecontemporaneous faulting; (3) folding and uplift accompanying or post-dating emplacement of Sybella Granite, and (4) a younger major faulting phase. During phase (2) syndepositional block movements resulted in differential accumulation of volcanic flows and of sediments, reflected by abrupt thickness changes across faults. In other instances the observed thickness variations can be explained by strike faulting of lenticular sedimentary units. Basic dyke swarms which intrude the volcanic- sedimentary sequence of the Leichhardt River fault trough have postdated the folding and predated the major faulting event defined as phase (4). The Sybella Granite, thought by some workers to be younger than the Mount Isa Group on the basis of structure and lead isotope ratios, is considered by us to be older than this unit. The ore lead in the Mount Isa deposit could be related to erosion or leaching of lead from older rocks such as the Kalkadoon-Leichhardt basement complex and the Eastern Creek Volcanics. An age of between I500-1600 m.y. is indicated for the syngenetic lead deposit at Mount Isa. The Eastern Creek Volcanics show very high Pb relative to average basalt, and high Cu, Zn and Pb levels relative to other basic volcanic rocks in this region, and may have a genetic relation to the Mount Isa Cu and Ag-Pb-Zn ore deposits. Geochemical features of basalts of the Eastern Creek Volcanics are consistent with those of continental flood tholeiites, showing high FeO, FeO/ MgO ratios, TiO2, K2O, P2O5, Ba and Rb and low Al2O3. Structural, sedimentological and geochemical changes between the Mount Isa area and the CIoncurry area to the east - where ocean floor type tholeiites occur - can be interpreted in terms of a transition into a continental margin environment in this direction.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, QLD
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Buchanan 1:250 000, R502 historical topographic map

The R502 series of maps has been replaced by the National Topographic Map Series (NTMS). The R502 series consists of 542 map sheets and covers Australia at a scale of 1:250,000. It was compiled from aerial photography, but only about one quarter of the series was contoured. The standard sheet size is 1 degree of latitude by 1.5 degrees of longitude. Transverse Mercator map projection and Clark 1858 datum were used. Coverage of the country was completed in 1968.

Tags: 250K scale, AU_QLD, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Depot Springs 1:100 000 unpublished topographic map

At this scale 1cm on the map represents 1km on the ground. Each map covers a minimum area of 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude or about 54 kilometres by 54 kilometres. The contour interval is 20 metres.

Tags: 100K unpublished, AU-WA, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Minjilang 1:50 000 topographic map

Product Specifications Coverage: Partial coverage, predominantly in northern Australia, along major transport routes, and other selected areas. About 1000 maps have been published to date. Currency: Ranges from 1968 to 2006. Coordinates: Geographical and UTM. Datum: AGD66, new edition WGS84; AHD. Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator UTM. Medium: Paper, flat copies only.

Tags: 50K scale, AU-NT, Published_External, Topographic Map, Topology, topography
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Morphology of lag in the Cobar region, New South Wales

Lags from the Cobar region are divided into three broad morphological categories: those with a rough, blocky, lithic morphology, where fabrics of the parent rock are partially preserved, and which evolved predominantly in erosional landforms; a smoother pisoid lag, with well-developed varnish or polish, which is most abundant in deeply weathered, erosional and depositional landforms-internal textures include material of both residual and detrital origins; and miscellaneous detrital lag.  Evolutionary patterns of the lag are based on relationships between landform, lag textures and iron oxide accumulations in exposed portions of the weathered profile.  These genetic features may provide a firmer basis for the use of lag-based geochemical exploration techniques in the Cobar region and other areas with similar weathering and erosional histories.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, NSW, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The Oils of Western Australia II

The Oils of Western Australia II report summarises the findings of a collaborative research program between Geoscience Australia and GeoMark Research undertaken on the petroleum geochemistry of crude oils and condensates discovered within the basins of western Australia and the Papuan Basin, Papua New Guinea prior to March 2000.  The interpretations documented herein build on research that Geoscience Australia and GeoMark Research undertook previously in The Oils of Western Australia (AGSO and GeoMark, 1996) and The Oils of Eastern Australia (Geoscience Australia and GeoMark, 2002) studies.
To make informed decisions regarding Australia's petroleum resources, it is important to understand the relationship between the liquid hydrocarbons within and between basins.  This Study has geochemically characterised the liquid hydrocarbon accumulations of western Australian basins and the Papuan Basin into genetically related families.  From a total of 316 samples, 33 oil/condensate families were identified in the western Australian basins; Bonaparte (10), Browse (2), Canning (4), Carnarvon (11) and Perth (6), as well as some vagrant and contaminated samples.  Three oil/condensate families were recognised in the Papuan Basin.  The geographic distribution of each oil/condensate family is mapped within each basin/sub-basin. Using the geochemical characteristics of each family, the nature of their source facies, thermal maturity level and degree of preservation has been determined.
This Study used a set of standardised geochemical protocols that include bulk geochemical (API gravity, elemental analysis of nickel, vanadium and sulphur), molecular (gas chromatography of the whole-oil and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons) and bulk stable carbon isotopic analyses.  n-Alkane-specific 13C isotopic analyses were carried out on only a selected set of oils and condensates.  Statistical analyses were performed on these data using the software Pirouette provided by Infometrix.
In addition to this report, the geochemical data acquired for the crude oils and condensates in this Study are provided in the accompanying Microsoft Access2000 database.  These data may be viewed spatially and plotted on x-y cross-plots in the charting application included in the ESRI Australia GIS ArcView3.2 georeferencing package that also accompanies this report.

Tags: AU-NT, AU-WA, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Report, geoscience databases, organic geochemistry, petroleum exploration, petroleum geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data