AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Growth fabrics and growth rates of Holocene reefs in the Great Barrier Reef

Over the past five years, scientists of the Bureau of Mineral Resources and James Cook University of North Queensland have drilled 61 holes into 24 reefs throughout the Great Barrier Reef Province between 15Â°30S and 25Â°50S.  Eleven holes penetrated to the Pleistocene and nearly 250 radiocarbon dates have been recorded.  Analysis of drill-hole core has delineated five major biosedimentologic facies - coralline algal facies. coral-head framework facies, branching-coral framework facies, detrital carbonate facies, and detrital siliciclastic facies.  Latitudinal uniformity in framework facies contrasts markedly with major regional variations in detrital facies, the reefs of the mid-shelf of the central region being dominated by clastic carbonates. Depositional rates of detrital carbonate facies vary between 1-4 m/1000 yr for sand flat progradation , 7-9 m/1000 yr for trade wind storm sedimentation, and 13-18 m/1000 yr for high-energy low-frequency events.  Framework growth rates varv from 1- 16 m/1000yr with low rates (2 m/I000 yr) for coralline algae. intermediate rates (up to 7 ml 1000 yr) for coral head facies, and high rates (up to 16 m/lOOO yr) for branching frameworks. Rates of 8-12 m/1000 yr occur in all environments: modes of 7-8 m/1000 yr typify patch reefs , 4-6 m/1000 yr typify windward margins. and 3-9 m/1000 yr typify leeward margins. Fringing reefs usually grow at rates of 1-4 m/1000 yr and are dominated by coral-head facies. Depth to the Pleistocene is generally greater in the central region compared to the northern and southern reefs: reef initiation, however, began at the same time throughout the province (8-9000 yr B. P.).  Initial reef growth lagged significantly behind sea-level rise, such that water depths of up to 12 m developed over reef surfaces prior to sea-level stabilisation. However, some reefs in the southern region exhibit no growth lag - initial colonisation and growth maintaining pace with sea-level rise. The growth rate of most reefs decreased markedly as reef surfaces approached stabilised sea level.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, Published_External, QLD, marine
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The Lower Carboniferous geology of the Rouchel district, New South Wales

The Rouchel district in eastern New South Wales is about 100 km northwest of Newcastle and occupies an area of about 1200 km- between the towns of Parkville, Scone, Aberdeen, and Muswellbrook in the west, and the Mount Royal Range in the east (Fig. 1). Carboniferous sedimentary and volcanic rocks in the Rouchel district are part of the New England Belt of the Palaeozoic Tasman Geosyncline (Fig. 2). During the early Palaeozoic the Tasman Geosyncline, an orthogeosyncline as defined by Kay (1951) contained the Lachlan and New England Belts; the Lachlan Belt ceased to be part of the geosyncline after the Middle Devonian Tabberabberan Orogeny, but geosynclinal conditions persisted in the New England Belt until late Palaeozoic time. Throughout the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous the Rouchel district occupied a subsiding shelf, the Tamworth Trough, adjacent to and east of the Tabberabberan orogen. Conditions of sedimentation on the shelf were, in general, initially marine but later became progressively non-marine from west to east; a sequence 4000 to 4500 m thick was deposited between Late Devonian or Early Carboniferous and the medial Early Carboniferous (middle Visean).

Tags: AU-NSW, Bulletin, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, geology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
5028 Block 4 (Northeast) Grid of potassium ground concentration with NASVD and standard reductions applied

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
This radiometric potassium grid has a cell size of  degrees (approximately 20m) and shows potassium element concentration of the Narryer in units of percent (or %). The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 2024 by the WA Government, and consisted of 415090 line-kilometres of data at 100m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, K, NCI, Published_External, WA, airborne digital data, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, potassium, rad, radiometrics, raster, spectrometry, survey 5028
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Data and Metadata Standard for Absolute Gravity Measurements - For compatibility with the Australian Fundamental Gravity Network (AFGN) and Australian Geodetic Gravity Networks (AGGN)

Absolute gravity (AG) measurements provide the fundamental reference for gravity data in Australia, underpinning both geodetic and resource exploration applications. Historically, these data have been acquired using a range of instruments and observational practices, resulting in variations in data quality, consistency, and traceability across different networks and epochs, as highlighted in recent reviews of the Australian Fundamental Gravity Network (AFGN). While legacy datasets remain valuable, particularly in regions with limited accessibility, their compatibility with modern precision requirements is not always assured.



This document presents a Data and Metadata Standard for Absolute Gravity Measurements in Australia. The standard defines minimum requirements for data acquisition, processing, and documentation to ensure SI-traceability, internal consistency, and interoperability with existing national and international gravity reference frameworks. Its adoption will support the integration of new and historical datasets, enable reliable detection of temporal gravity change, and strengthen the long-term integrity of Australia’s gravity infrastructure.

Tags: AFGN, Absolute Gravity, Australian Geodetic Gravity Network, Gravimetrics, Gravity Standard, Published_External, RAPi, australian fundamental gravity network
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
5028 Block 4 (Northeast) Grid of uranium ground concentration with NASVD and standard reductions applied

The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
This radiometric uranium grid has a cell size of  degrees (approximately 20m) and shows uranium element concentration of the Narryer in units of parts per million (or ppm). The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 2024 by the WA Government, and consisted of 415090 line-kilometres of data at 100m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance.

Tags: Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NASVD, NCI, Published_External, U, WA, airborne digital data, gamma-ray, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, rad, radiometrics, raster, spectrometry, survey 5028, uranium
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
5028 Block 1 (Southwest) Grid of Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) with Reduction to Pole (RTP) applied.

Total magnetic intensity (TMI) data measures variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the contrasting content of rock-forming minerals in the Earth crust. Magnetic anomalies can be either positive (field stronger than normal) or negative (field weaker) depending on the susceptibility of the rock. The data are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.
This 5028 Block 1 (Southwest) Grid of Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) with Reduction to Pole (RTP) applied. is a first vertical derivative of the Total Magnetic Intensity grid for the Narryer.
This grid has a cell size of  degrees (approximately 20m). The grid has units of nanoTesla per km (or nT/km). The data used to produce the TMI grid was acquired in 2024 by the WA Government, and consisted of 415090 line-kilometres of data at 100m line spacing and 50m terrain clearance. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) process was applied to the original grid to calculate the first vertical derivative grid.

Tags: 1vd, Australia, EARTH SCIENCES, Earth sciences, GADDS2.0, NCI, Published_External, WA, airborne digital data, first vertical derivative, geophysical survey, geophysics, grid, mag, magnetics, magnetism, palaeomagnetism, raster, survey 5028
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Darwin Harbour Habitat Mapping Program multibeam bathymetry flythroughs

In December 2010, the Northern Territory Government (NTG) announced funding for high priority environmental monitoring and research activities in Darwin Harbour.  Following the announcement, the Darwin Harbour Habitat Mapping Program was developed and managed by the Department of Land Resource Management (DLRM). 
Under the Program, DLRM collaborated with GA, the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), and the Darwin Port Corporation to undertake multibeam and backscatter data acquisition for the Darwin Harbour. 
This flythough presents seabed bathymetry compilations for the Darwin Harbour in the Northern Territory. These videos are intended for potential public release. The overall objective of the INPEX Environmental Offset program `Mapping Marine and Estuarine Benthic Habitats in Darwin and Bynoe harbours is to improve knowledge of the marine habitats in the Darwin and Bynoe harbours region by producing thematic habitat maps to underpin marine resource management decisions.

Tags: Earth Sciences, Flythrough, Multimedia, NT, Published_External, bathymetry, marine, multibeam
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Seabed morphology and geomorphology of Zeehan Marine Park, south-eastern Australia - Version 1

This data product contains seabed morphology and geomorphology information for a subset area of Zeehan Marine Park. A nationally consistent seabed geomorphology classification scheme was used to map and classify the distribution of key seabed features. The Zeehan Marine Park seabed morphology and geomorphology maps were derived from a 2 m horizontal resolution bathymetry DEM compiled from a multibeam survey undertaken for Parks Australia by the University of Tasmania.

Semi-automated GIS mapping tools (GA-SaMMT); (Huang et. al., 2022; eCat Record 146832) were applied to a bathymetry digital elevation model (DEM) in a GIS environment (ESRI ArcGIS Pro) to map polygon extents (topographic high, low, and planar) and to quantitatively characterise polygon geometries. Geometric attributes were then used to classify each shape into discrete Morphology Feature types (Dove et. al., 2020; eCat Record 144305). Seabed geomorphology features were interpreted by applying additional datasets and domain knowledge to inform their geomorphic characterisation (Nanson et. al., 2023; eCat Record 147818). Where available, backscatter intensity, seabed imagery, and survey reports supplemented the bathymetry DEM and morphology classifications to inform the geomorphic interpretations.

The data product and classification schema are fully described in the accompanying Data Product Specification.

Dove, D., Nanson, R., Bjarnadóttir, L. R., Guinan, J., Gafeira, J., Post, A., Dolan, Margaret F.J., Stewart, H., Arosio, R., Scott, G. (2020). A two-part seabed geomorphology classification scheme (v.2); Part 1: morphology features glossary. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4075248;

Huang, Z., Nanson, R., Nichol, S. 2022. Geoscience Australia's Semi-automated Morphological Mapping Tools (GA-SaMMT) for Seabed Characterisation. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/146832

Nanson, R., Arosio, R., Gafeira, J., McNeil, M., Dove, D., Bjarnadóttir, L., Dolan, M., Guinan, J., Post, A., Webb, J., Nichol, S. (2023). A two-part seabed geomorphology classification scheme; Part 2: Geomorphology classification framework and glossary (Version 1.0) (1.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7804019

Tags: Geomorphology and earth surface processes, Parks Australia, Published_Internal, geomorphology, mapping, marine, morphology, seabed, spatial
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Source rock potential and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Darling Basin, NSW

Available geological and geophysical data for the dominantly Devonian Darling Basin of western New South Wales indicate a high risk for petroleum exploration. Hydrocarbon prospectivity is confined to the concealed western Darling Basin, where block-faulted, graben-like troughs contain a generally thick sequence of Middle Devonian to Lower Carboniferous continental sediments, underlain by Lower Devonian marine sediments. Geochemical data for cores from BMR Ivanhoe No. 1 and from thirteen petroleum exploration wells held on open file at BMR are used to evaluate source rock potential and organic maturation levels. The continental sediments have no source potential. The marine Lower Devonian Amphitheatre Formation has a generally low organic carbon content, is thought to be gas prone, and is thermally mature to overmature for oil generation. The geochemical data support the hypothesis that trough flanks and margins, where sediments have not been too deeply buried or thermally altered, offer the best prospects for preservation of source and reservoir rocks. On the basis of the limited data available, the eastern flank of the Lake Wintlow High - Wilcannia High is considered the most prospective region of the Darling Basin.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Journal, NSW, Published_External
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The Morphology of Barchan-shaped Sand Banks from Western Torres Strait, Northern Australia

Large barchan shaped sand deposits have been observed in the north west of Torres Strait. These deposits share characteristics of both subaerial barchan dunes and subaqueous sand banks. Satellite imagery shows that the deposits migrate in the direction indicated by their horns (10-15 m west per year), and that sediment is shed from their horns, features that are characteristic of subaerial barchan dunes. However the orientation of sandwaves superimposed upon the sand banks indicate the presence of mutually evasive channels and circulation of sediment around the sand bank, a characteristic of subaqueous sand banks. The presence of mutually evasive channels is the criteria used to categorise the deposits as sand banks. 

Barchan forms are known to exist in regions with limited sediment supply and unidirectional current or wind regimes. In the Torres Strait both these criteria are met. Previous work has demonstrated the presence of a net westward current through the Torres Strait that is driven by the southeast trade winds. The relatively high displacement of the wind driven currents during the trade wind season relative to the monsoon appears to provide the necessary "unidirectional" regime to form barchans. The low, and typically eastwards, displacement of the residual monsoon season current appears to have a negligible affect on the barchan form.

Tags: AU-QLD, Earth Sciences, External Publication, Published_External, Scientific Journal Paper, bathymetry, continental shelf, geoscience, marine, sedimentology
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
The 'depth probing' technique using seismic refraction methods

Experience has shown that Seismic Refraction Traverses can be grossly misinterpreted unless they are very carefully carried out. The Refraction Depth Probing technique developed by the Bureau is intended to measure accurately the distribution of refractors beneath any selected station. In the Bureau's method, accurate information is first obtained along a traverse half a mile to one mile in length; the steps are as follows: (1) A number of refraction depth probes are shot with different shot-point-to-geophone distances. (2) If necessary some reflection shooting is done. (3) The results are studied to assess the value of the method in solving geological or geophysical problems. (4) The most suitable technique can be adopted for the rest of the survey in the area; i.e., the refractors which are easiest to identify, and which yield the most useful structural information, can be surveyed by the most accurate and economical method.

Tags: AU, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, seismics
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
pmd*CRC 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology and Halogen/Noble Gas Geochemistry of Mineralising Systems H4 Project. Final Project Report

The principal objective of the H4 Project was to evaluate existing techniques and develop new enabling technologies in geochronology and isotope geoscience to significantly improve our ability to constrain the timing of ore formation and, therefore, expand predictive capabilities. 

A fundamental goal was the evaluation of existing dating methods and interpretations, particularly with respect to gold deposits in low grade terrains, and to investigate potential new dating methods such as 40Ar/39Ar laser probe analyses of mica-bearing pyrite linked to gold mineralisation. A second major goal of the H4 project was to initiate development of halogen/noble gas geochemistry technology and expertise within the pmd <em>CRC to enable this unique geochemical method to be applied to ore deposits in the flagship terrains in the second stage programme of pmd </em>CRC.

Tags: Earth Sciences, Published_External, Report, economic geology, marine, mineral exploration, pmd*CRC
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Visioning the Coral Sea Marine Park bathymetry survey (FK200429/GA4861)

This resource includes bathymetry data acquired during the Visioning the Coral Sea Marine Park bathymetry survey using Kongsberg EM302 and EM710 multibeam sonar systems.
Visioning the Coral Sea Marine Park bathymetry survey (FK200429/GA4861) was led by Dr. Rob Beaman (James Cook University) and a team of scientists from Geoscience Australia, The University of Sydney, and the Queensland Museum, aboard the Schmidt Ocean Institute’s research vessel Falkor, from the 29th of April to 11th of June 2020.
The primary objective of the survey was to map in detail the Queensland Plateau, including the steeper reef flanks and target the enigmatic seabed features, like the numerous drowned reef pinnacles and long meandering channels on the plateau surface. The second objective of this survey was to investigate the extent of the bleaching on the mesophotic or deeper reef, and if these reefs could act as a potential refuge for the Great Barrier Reef. The survey also aimed at providing insights into the geological evolution and biodiversity of Australia’s marine frontier. 
This dataset is not to be used for navigational purposes.
This dataset is published with the permission of the CEO, Geoscience Australia.

Tags: AusSeabed, Bathymetry, Biodiversity, Coral Sea, EARTH SCIENCES, HVC_144641, Multibeam Echo Sounder, Published_External, Schmidt Ocean Institute, Seabed
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
3D Gravity Models of the Capel and Faust Basins, Lord Howe Rise

This report is part of a set delivered by Geoscience Australia on interpretation of data acquired during the summer of 2006/07 on seismic reflection, refraction and potential field survey GA-302. 

A 3D approach to the gravity modelling was necessitated by the irregular geological structure of depocentres and basement highs. Over 6000 m of sediment is interpreted in the deepest pockets.

The tools developed to realise the 3D gravity modelling are described in some detail. The gravity modelling process is also presented with a view to easing the integration of 3D mapping methods with a traditional reflection seismic interpretation workflow in the marine sedimentary basin environment.

Tags: 3D model, Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Published_External, Record, geology, gravity, marine, marine survey, sedimentary basins
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data
Installation of a Greenhouse Gas Baseline Atmospheric Monitoring Station

In July 2010 Geoscience Australia and CSIRO Marine &amp; Atmospheric Research jointly commissioned a new atmospheric composition monitoring station (' Arcturus') in central Queensland.  The facility is designed as a proto-type remotely operated `baseline monitoring station' such as could be deployed in areas that are likely targets for commercial scale carbon capture and geological storage (CCS). It is envisaged that such a station could act as a high quality reference point for later in-fill, site based, atmospheric monitoring associated with geological storage of CO2. 

The station uses two wavelength scanned cavity ringdown instruments to measure concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), water vapour and the isotopic signature (?13C) of CO2. Meteorological parameters such as wind speed and wind direction are also measured. In combination with CSIRO's TAPM (The Air Pollution Model), data will be used to understand the local variations in CO2 and CH4 and the contributions of natural and anthropogenic sources in the area to this variability.

The site is located in a region that supports cropping, grazing, cattle feedlotting, coal mining and gas production activities, which may be associated with fluxes of CO2 and CH4. We present in this paper some of the challenges found during the installation and operation of the station in a remote, sub-tropical environment and how these were resolved. We will also present the first results from the site coupled with preliminary modelling of the relative contribution of large point source anthropogenic emissions and their contribution to the background.

Tags: Earth Sciences, GA Publication, Poster/Image, Published_External, carbon dioxide, geological sequestration, geological storage of CO2, greenhouse gas emissions
Organization: Geoscience Australia Data