Assessment of Rainforest TECS on NSW Crown Forest Estate

Operational map for Lowland Rainforest:
The operational map for Lowland Rainforest (LORF) was constructed to resolve long-standing issues surrounding its identification, location and extent within the NSW State Forest estate covered by the coastal Integrated Forestry Operation Agreements. 
The project’s Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) Reference Panel (the Panel) preceded the assessment process by reviewing the determination for LORF.  The Panel found that the determination for LORF relies almost exclusively on a rainforest classification system described by Floyd (1990) where several rainforest ‘suballiances’ make up the LORF assemblage. Floyd’s suballiance classifications presented a challenge to our project as they were largely subjective and were not compatible with quantitative analysis, meaning that it was difficult to distinguish between the LORF TEC and other rainforest vegetation using statistically sound methods. 
To overcome some of these problems we revisited a set of reference sites that were assigned by Floyd to the suballiances cited in the LORF determination and in other rainforest TEC determinations, and collected new floristic data using standard flora survey methods. We also targeted a range of localities on State Forest that we considered likely to include LORF and other rainforest TECs based on the suballiance descriptions, cited localities in Floyd (1990), and preliminary distribution models. Over 300 new rainforest plots were combined with a large pool of existing data covering eastern NSW to construct a provisional revised rainforest classification. We used the rainforest groups derived from this analysis to compare the species composition of Floyd’s suballiances, determination assemblage lists and recent rainforest classifications included in regional classifications. Rainforest groups (and the plots that defined them) were assigned to the Floyd suballiance with the highest degree of floristic similarity. We conferred with the Panel to resolve any inconsistencies between the results of our analyses and statements relating to the distribution and composition of individual suballiances in Floyd (1990) and the determinations.
We then used plot data and a selection of environmental and remote-sensing variables to develop a Random Forest (RF) model of the probability of occurrence of LORF. We assessed the location of plots assigned to LORF against the distribution of the RF model on and adjoining State Forests. We then completed detailed aerial photograph interpretation (API) using a prescribed set of mapping classes to delineate rainforest areas for a range of canopy cover thresholds. We constructed an operational map of LORF by assigning our API polygons as being LORF based on the modelled probabilities and plot data underlying the polygon.
Our mapping identified a total of approximately 14,036 hectares of LORF, the vast majority of which was located in the north coast region. We mapped 13,209 hectares of LORF on the north coast, with the largest areas found in Ewingar and Unumgar State Forests. Only 827 hectares of LORF were mapped on the south coast, with the largest areas found in Yadboro and Currowan State Forests.
Operational map for Lowland Rainforest on Floodplains:
The operational map for Lowland Rainforest on Floodplains (LRFP) was constructed to resolve long-standing issues surrounding its identification, location and extent within the NSW State Forest estate covered by the coastal Integrated Forestry Operation Agreements. 
The project’s Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) Reference Panel (the Panel) preceded the assessment process by reviewing the determination for LRFP.  The Panel found that the determination for LRFP relies mainly on a rainforest classification system described by Floyd (1990) where several rainforest ‘suballiances’ make up the LRFP assemblage. The determination also identifies a range of floodplain and alluvial descriptors. Floyd’s suballiance classifications presented a challenge to our project as they were largely subjective and were not compatible with quantitative analysis, meaning that it was difficult to distinguish between the LRFP TEC and other rainforest vegetation using statistically sound methods. 
To overcome some of these problems we revisited a set of reference sites that were assigned by Floyd to the suballiances cited in the LRFP determination and other rainforest TEC determinations, and collected new floristic data using standard flora survey methods. We also targeted a range of localities on State Forest that we considered likely to include LRFP and other rainforest TECs based on the suballiance descriptions, cited localities in Floyd (1990), and preliminary distribution models. Over 300 new rainforest plots were combined with a large pool of existing data covering eastern NSW to construct a provisional revised rainforest classification. We used the rainforest groups derived from this analysis to compare the species composition of Floyd suballiances, determination assemblage lists and recent rainforest classifications included in regional classifications. Rainforest groups, (and the plots that defined them), were assigned to the Floyd suballiance with the highest degree of floristic similarity. We conferred with the TEC Project Reference Panel (the Panel) to resolve inconsistencies between the results of our analyses and statements relating to the distribution and composition of individual suballiances in Floyd (1990), and the determinations.
We attempted to use plot data and a selection of environmental and remote-sensing variable to develop Random Forest models of the probability of occurrence of LRFP, but we were unable to assign any of our rainforest groups to the assemblage lists or the primary suballiances cited in the LRFP determination. We overcame this problem by constructing a fine scale digital elevation model (DEM) of landscape elements that we considered were likely to be associated with the range of floodplain and alluvial descriptors identified in the determination for LRFP. We then mapped our rainforest groups onto the DEM and assigned any rainforest assemblage that overlapped with our alluvial and floodplain DEM map as LRFP TEC. Using this method we constructed an operational map of LRFP in State Forests on the NSW coast. Our mapped identified a total of 680 hectares of LRFP, all of which was located in the north coast region. 
Operational TEC Mapping have been derived by API at a viewing scale between 1-4000 using ADS40 50 cm pixel imagery and 1 m derived LIDAR DEM grids for floodplain EECs.

Organization: Environment Protection Authority (EPA)