AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
What difference does labour choice make to farm productivity and profitability in the Australian horticulture industry? A comparison between seasonal workers and working holiday makers

Overview  
 The productivity and cost of labour have considerable impacts on farm profitability, especially in the labour intensive horticulture industry. 

 In this study, commissioned by the World Bank, we compared the labour productivity of seasonal workers employed under the Australian Government's Seasonal Worker Programme (SWP) and working holiday makers, and the implications for farm profitability - using a survey, wages data and interviews with employers participating in the SWP. It builds on a previous ABARES study, by including analysis of the non-wage labour costs and factors that may influence growers' decision-making about labour choices. 

 Key Issues  


• The productivity of seasonal workers was higher than that of working holiday makers for the farm businesses in the study. Seasonal workers were 20 per cent more productive than working holiday makers for fruit picking tasks. Seasonal workers who returned to the farm had higher average productivity as they required minimal induction and training in subsequent seasons. 
• The non-wage labour cost related to seasonal workers was 2.3 times higher per hour worked than for working holiday makers, and was strongly influenced by requirements under the SWP such as recruitment, administration processes and training. However, the direct monetary benefits of hiring seasonal workers is likely to at least cover the higher non-wage labour costs and hence deliver a profitability gain. 
• This study found that in addition to the direct monetary benefits associated with different labour sources, growers recognised the reliability of seasonal workers as beneficial and a key risk management strategy during labour intensive harvest periods. Working holiday makers provide for greater labour flexibility at short notice. It was common for growers to employ seasonal workers and working holiday makers in a complementary fashion where seasonal workers formed the core of the workforce and working holiday makers were employed casually as needed. 
• The study suggests the relatively higher productivity and other benefits of accessing seasonal workers warrant further promotion of the SWP in the Australian horticulture industry. It also suggests that further streamlining the recruitment process and other SWP requirements for approved employers could increase the attractiveness for farmers to participate in the program. 


Tags: AGRICULTURE, Economy, HUMAN ENVIRONMENT, HUMAN ENVIRONMENT Economics, INDUSTRY Primary, Society, economic comparison, labour mobility, labour productivity, workforce management
Organization: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences
Wet Tropics Bioregion - Mountain locations (WTMA)

This dataset contains point features depicting mountains, peaks, mountain ranges and hills and their names. Ranges are located with a point or series of points in the approximate vicinity of the feature.

Mountain data originated from 1:250,000 scale AUSLIG supplied topographic data (repromats). Corrections were made to locate the points accurately to the 1:100,000 scale National Topographic Map Series. Georeferenced Topographic Maps are dated 1966.

This dataset consists of a 90 KB point shapefile containing 344 features.

95% of points within the Mountains coverage were located to the 1:100,000 scale Topographic maps Series. Some smaller hills, mountains and ranges shown on the 1:100,000 scale Topographic map Series, not in the original source data, have not been included in this dataset. 90% of the points are within +/- 50 metres of true position.

Data reproduced with permission of Wet Tropics Management Authority

This metadata was prepared for the e-Atlas and is not authoritative. Please contact the Wet Tropics Management Authority for an authoritative record.

Organization: Wet Tropics Management Authority
Western Australia - National Intertidal-Subtidal Benthic NISB Habitat Map (PLUS)

The NISB Habitat Map was created by the University of Tasmania for a partnership between the Department of Climate Change and the National Land and Water Resources Audit. It supports the DCC/Audit partnership by providing a nationally consistent set of the available mapping data for those habitats that occur between the approximate position of the highest astronomical tide mark (HAT) and the location of the outer limit of the photic benthic zone (approximately at the 50-70 m depth contour). This area is broadly equivalent to the 'inner' and 'mid-shelf' regions identified by Geoscience Australia. The resulting map data set forms a core component of the ECM National Habitat Map Series. The habitat classes include: coral reef, rock dominated habitat, sediment dominated habitat, mangroves, saltmarsh, seagrass, macroalgae and filter feeders (e.g. sponges), as defined in the NISB Habitat Classification Scheme. The scheme is designed to support the development of marine 'ecoregions' or bioregional subregions. Details of the scheme and the process of its development are available in National Intertidal/Subtidal Benthic (NISB) Habitat Classification Scheme Version 1 (Mount, Bricher and Newton, 2007). The NISB Habitat Map consists of two layers for each state. _NISB.shp consists of the entire available habitat mapping at a resolution finer than 1:50 000 (with a few exceptions, outlined in the data quality section below). _NISB_PLUS.shp consists of all the data in _NISB.shp along with coarser resolution data, including NVIS and OzEstuaries data. These layers were used to produce the National ECM Key Habitat Distribution Map Series 10 km and 50 km tile maps.

Note: This data is labelled as “NISB_plus”, indicating that it is the NISB Habitat layer plus other lower quality layers.

Tags: Australia, Western Australia
Organization: Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water
Weekly Progress Report

The downloadable data shows the progress of the rollout outlining the number of premises passed, the services activated, and those passed but currently ‘Not yet ready to connect’.

Variations in numbers from week to week reflect the modular construction program. That is construction is completed in blocks, so that there may be large upward jumps in some weeks and less or none in others. Following completion of the construction process passing premises in the streets, further validation of address data is undertaken of the ‘as-built’ network against estimates obtained from national address data. There may be some fluctuation in numbers from week to week as a result.

The data is also available in a PDF on our website:
https://www.nbnco.com.au/corporate-information/about-nbn-co/corporate-plan/weekly-progress-report

__The Weekly Progress Report (Build) is currently being reviewed by NBN Co for any impacts of the global equipment and component shortage on the nbn™ HFC network. Publishing of the next Weekly Progress Report (Build) will resume as soon as possible.__


Tags: Utilities and Communication, nbn, nbn not yet ready to connect, nbn premises passed, nbn rollout progress, nbn services activated
Organization: nbn co
Water Quality Watch sampling data - Lake Macquarie City Council

Popular lake and beach swimming spots are tested weekly from November through to April as part of Council’s recreational water quality monitoring program.  This program is being run in partnership with the Office of Environment and Heritage’s (OEH) Beachwatch program.

Council samples one beach and 13 lake sites and Hunter Water sample another five beach sites for Enterococci bacteria.

The presence of Enterococci indicates that water may be polluted with stormwater or sewage, and Enterococci levels above 100 organisms/100mL indicate that water may be unsuitable for swimming.

Tags: beach, council, enterococci, lake, lake macquarie city council, lakemac, lmcc, local government, nsw, recreation, swimming, water quality
Organization: Lake Macquarie City Council
Water for Fodder

The __Water for Fodder__ program is part of the Australian Government's Drought Response, Resilience and Preparedness Plan.

Under the program, 40 gigalitres of water was produced from the Adelaide Desalination Plant and an equivalent amount released upstream from the River Murray.

Farmers in the southern connected Murray–Darling Basin were able to apply to purchase South Australian River Murray water (Trading Zone 12) at a discounted rate. The water had to be used to grow fodder and pasture. This helped farmers to maintain their breeding stock during the drought.

__Round 1__ of the program opened on 11 December 2019 and due to over-subscription, closed on 13 December 2019. Under round 1, 800 parcels of 50 megalitres of water were available at $5,000 ($100 per megalitre).

Following the review of Round 1 and consultation with South Australia, the Minister for Resources, Water and Northern Australia, the Hon. Keith Pitt MP, has announced that there will not be a second round of the Water for Fodder program. 

Remaining funding will be redirected to other programs that benefit farmers and communities in the Murray–Darling Basin.

While Round 1 was successful, more water is available in the southern Basin due to autumn rainfall. This has reduced the need for a second round as an emergency drought response. 

Read more about the Water for Fodder Program here: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/water/mdb/programs/basin-wide/water-for-fodder

Organization: Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
WAMSI Node 6.2 - The Impact of tides and internal waves on offshore engineering - field measurement program - Browse Basin - 200m

The oceanographic mooring instrument was deployed from 25th March 2010 to 16th June, 2010, on a mooring located at inner-shelf break, Browse Basin in 200 m of water.  

Temperature, velocity and conductivity were measured.

It involved the deployment of  Seabird temperature sensors (SBE39), Seabird conductivity-temperature-pressure sensor (SBE37-CTD), Nortek Acoustic Doppler Velocity meters (ADV) and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP).

Measurements are between 20 metres and 196 metres below Mean Sea Level.

Tags: Conductivity, Internal Waves, Modelling, Ocean Temperature, Ocean Waves, Oceans, Tidal Currents, Tides, Water Quality, Water Temperature
Organization: School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering (CEME), The University of Western Australia (UWA)
WAMSI Node 6.2 - The Impact of tides and internal waves on offshore engineering - field measurement program - Browse Basin - 100m

The oceanographic mooring instrument was deployed from 25th March 2010 to 16th June, 2010, on a mooring located at inner-shelf break, Browse Basin in 100 m of water.  

Temperature, velocity and conductivity were measured.

It involved the deployment of  Seabird temperature sensors (SBE39), Seabird conductivity-temperature-pressure sensor (SBE 37-MSP), Nortek Acoustic Doppler Velocity meters (ADV) and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP).

Measurements were between 19 metres and 97 metres below Mean Sea Level.

Tags: Conductivity, Internal Waves, Modelling, Ocean Circulation, Ocean Currents, Ocean Temperature, Ocean Waves, Oceans, Tidal Currents, Tides, Water Quality, Water Temperature
Organization: School of Environmental Systems Engineering, The University of Western Australia (UWA)
WAMSI Node 6.2 - The Impact of tides and internal waves on offshore engineering - field measurement program - Ningaloo / Tantabiddi - 150m

The oceanographic mooring instrument was deployed from 10th November 2009 to 4th January 2010, on a mooring llocated at Ningaloo off Tantabiddi Beach in 150 m of water.  

Temperature, velocity and conductivity were measured.

It involved the deployment of  Seabird temperature sensors (SBE39), Seabird conductivity-temperature-pressure sensor (SBE 37-MSP), Nortek Acoustic Doppler Velocity meters (ADV) and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP).

Measurements were made between 10 metres and 147 metres below Mean Sea Level.

Tags: Conductivity, Internal Waves, Modelling, Ocean Circulation, Ocean Currents, Ocean Temperature, Ocean Waves, Oceans, Tidal Currents, Tides, Water Quality, Water Temperature
Organization: School of Environmental Systems Engineering, The University of Western Australia (UWA)
WAMSI Node 6.2 - The Impact of tides and internal waves on offshore engineering - field measurement program - Ningaloo / Tantabiddi - 75m

The oceanographic mooring instrument was deployed from 10th November 2009 to 4th January 2010, on a mooring located at Ningaloo off Tantabiddi Beach in 75 m of water.  

Temperature, velocity and conductivity were measured.

It involved the deployment of  Seabird temperature sensors (SBE39), Seabird conductivity-temperature-pressure sensor (SBE 37-MSP), Nortek Acoustic Doppler Velocity meters (ADV) and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP).

Measurements were made between 15 metres and 72 metres below Mean Sea Level.

Tags: Conductivity, Internal Waves, Modelling, Ocean Circulation, Ocean Currents, Ocean Temperature, Ocean Waves, Oceans, Tidal Currents, Tides, Water Quality, Water Temperature
Organization: School of Environmental Systems Engineering, The University of Western Australia (UWA)
WAMSI Node 4.2.1b - Development and validation of an estuarine health index for the Swan Estuary

This project (WAMSI Node 4.2.1b) aimed to develop an index for assessing the health of the Swan Estuary, based on fish assemblage characteristics. 

The index incorporates a suite of metrics, each of which measures a different aspect of the fish community, e.g. species diversity and composition, use of the Estuary as a nursery habitat, and the trophic structure (the feeding relationships between species) of the estuarine fish community.The study incorporated and utilized historical data from 1977-2004, plus current sampling (2007-2009), to establish reference conditions for multiple fish community metrics, against which the recent, current and future status of the estuary is assessed.

Data is available as two Excel spreadsheets:
Establishing_reference_and_scoring_seine_Metrics.xls
Establishing_reference_and_scoring_gill_Metrics.xls

The gill net and seine net files contain, respectively, for each offshore and nearshore historical fish sample collected between 1976 and 2009:
(i) the raw values calculated for each of the selected fish metrics comprising the offshore and nearshore health indices;
(ii) the corresponding metric scores (i.e. scored in comparison to the appropriate reference conditions I derived for each metric); and
(iii) the final health index scores for each historical sample.

The historical studies used in the project are all detailed in the final report.

Tags: Aquatic Habitat, Biosphere, Community Structure, Ecological Dynamics, Estuarine Habitat, Fish, Marine Biology, Oceans
Organization: Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research (CFFR), Murdoch University
WAMSI Node 3.4.1 - Reef Morphology and Growth History – Eastern Ningaloo Reef (Exmouth Gulf) Development and demise of a fringing coral reef during Holocene environmental change, eastern Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia

The growth history component (WAMSI Node 3.4.1) was to specifically characterise the morphology and growth history of the Ningaloo Reef system, to provide an insight into and predictive capacity for potential and future climatic changes.  

Reefs lining the western Exmouth Gulf, located at the northern limit of the 300 km long Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia, represent modern incipient coral reefs and veneers of non reef-building coral/algal communities on exposed Pleistocene or ‘give-up’ Holocene reef surfaces. 

Acquisition of sixteen cores alongside U-series TIMS dates were used to confirm the nature of the Pleistocene foundation and characterise Holocene reef development. Three calcretised Pleistocene units were identified as:
1) the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e) reef directly underlying Holocene units, 
2) a mid-Pleistocene (MIS 7?) bioclastic conglomerate unit, and 
3) a Pleistocene alluvial fanglomerate. 

Eight Holocene reef facies (total thickness of 1.8-5.3 m) included coral framework facies (domal, arborescent, mixed, tabulate and encrusting) and detrital facies (carbonate sand, skeletal rubble and alluvial fan deposits). Holocene ages range from 7.93-5.8 ka BP with vertical accretion ranging from 1.46-9.88 mm/yr (avg. 4.11 mm/yr). Highest rates of accretion and thickest accumulation occurred in the most seaward and deepest cores composed of massive coral framestone and coralline algal crusts. 

A six stage Holocene chronology is proposed, including: 
1) coastal inundation from 8-8.5 ka BP, 
2) initiation ‘start-up’ from 8-7.5 ka BP, 
3) rapid growth ‘catch-up’ and back-step from 7.5-7 ka BP, 
4) rapid aggradational growth ‘catch-up’ from 7-6.5 ka BP, 
5) reef decline ‘give-up’ and detrital buildup from 6.5-5.8 ka BP, and 
6) detrital buildup and progradation from 5.8 ka BP to present. 

Changes in reef facies and the ultimate demise of the Holocene reef probably involved a combination of increased sea-level, coastal flooding and erosion during the mid-Holocene highstand, with associated increase in sedimentation, turbidity and decline in water quality; burial by sediment buildup during the mid-Holocene highstand and detrital progradation during the mid- to late-Holocene regression; and, the introduction of alluvial sediment during cyclones and other severe storms to an already stressed community. Modern communities have thus shifted from coral-dominated to bored macroalgal pavements. 

This study shows that integration of reef development processes with response to environmental change can be used to assess future pressures on coral reef ecosystems globally.

Tags: Carbonate Sediments, Climate Change, Geomorphology, Holocene Reef Growth, Land Surface, Marine Sediments, Oceans, Pleistocene Foundations
Organization: Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University
WAMSI Node 3.2.2b - Diversity, abundance and distribution of intertidal invertebrate species in the Ningaloo Marine Park - Small giant clams (Tridacna maxima)

A quantitative pilot study of the composition of the benthic community of macro-invertebrates on intertidal rocky platforms was undertaken to: 

a) provide detailed information on variation in biodiversity along the length of the Ningaloo Marine Park; and 
b) determine the appropriate design of a monitoring protocol powerful enough to determine predefined levels of change.  

As part of the larger WAMSI Node 3.2.2b study there was specific sampling of small giant clams (Tridacna maxima).  Data available includes

1. Lengths of small giant clams (Tridacna maxima) mapped at 20 sites (3119 rows x 11 columns including identifying information for each length):
[WAMSI3.2.2bGiantClams.csv]

2. GPS readings as UTM values for locations of transects used to map positions of Tridacna maxima (giant clams) (404 rows x 6 columns, including sample identification information):
[WAMSI3.2.2bTridacnaUTM.csv]

Shoreward, southern corners of Transect 1 and some others for areas where Tridacna maxima were measured as reported in Research Chapter 4.
[WAMSI3.2.2bGiantClams.kmz]


Data files come with metadata / descriptions of the column titles and codes.

Tags: Biosphere, Coastal Processes, Community Structure, Coral Reefs, Ecological Dynamics, Intertidal Zone, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Oceans, Sanctuary Zone, Tridacna maxima 23 340005, Zoology
Organization: School of Animal Biology (SAB), The University of Western Australia (UWA)
WAMSI Node 3.2.2b - Diversity, abundance and distribution of intertidal invertebrate species in the Ningaloo Marine Park.

A quantitative pilot study of the composition of the benthic community of macro-invertebrates on intertidal rocky platforms was undertaken to: 

a) provide detailed information on variation in biodiversity along the length of the Ningaloo Marine Park; and 
b) determine the appropriate design of a monitoring protocol powerful enough to determine predefined levels of change.  

These general overall aims were in the context of the Ningaloo Marine Park Draft Management Plan of 2004, which set out a vision of maintaining the ecological values in the Park, and protecting it from adverse human impacts.

Sampling was conducted at 35 sites from July 2007 and September 2010 between the northernmost site of Mildura Wreck and southernmost site of 3 Mile Out 2.


Data for the project includes:
1. All species data for each 1m2 quadrat (1744 quadrats x 291 species): [WAMSI3.2.2bQuadratDataMay2012]

2. Lengths of small giant clams (Tridacna maxima) mapped at 20 sites (3119 rows x 11 columns including identifying information for each length):
[WAMSI3.2.2bGiantClams.csv]

3. Physical features of the platforms in three files (32 rows x 13, 11, 10 columns):
[WAMSI3.2.2bPlatformAttributes.csv] 
[WAMSI3.2.2bPlatformQuantative.csv] 
[WAMSI3.2.2bFetchAndContour.csv]

4. GPS readings as UTM values for locations of transects used to map positions of Tridacna maxima (giant clams) (404 rows x 6 columns, including sample identification information):
[WAMSI3.2.2bTridacnaUTM.csv]

5. Location of research sites - Google Earth .kmz files: 
Centers of 36 sites where quadrat samples were taken 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and reported on in all the Research Chapters, and where physical data for Research Chapter 8 were collected.
[WAMSI3.2.2b Sites.kmz]

Corners of 8 sites at northern boundary of Jurabi Sanctuary Zone where data for Research Chapter 9
[WAMSI3.2.2bJurabi8Sites.kmz]

Shoreward, southern corners of Transect 1 and some others for areas where Tridacna maxima were measured as reported in Research Chapter 4.
[WAMSI3.2.2bGiantClams.kmz]

6. Text and images about the 32 sites sampled in 2007 and 2009
[WAMSI3.2.2bSitePages.rtf]


Data files come with metadata / descriptions of the column titles and codes.

Tags: Biosphere, Coastal Processes, Community Structure, Coral Reefs, Cypraea caputserpentis 24 155018, Cypraea moneta 24 155021, Ecological Dynamics, Intertidal Zone, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Oceans, Sanctuary Zone, Tridacna maxima 23 340005, Zoology
Organization: School of Animal Biology (SAB), The University of Western Australia (UWA)
WAMSI Node 2.1 - Dynamics and predictability of the Indo-Pacific Ocean as a global condition on marine climate impacts in WA - POAMA

The Predictive Ocean Atmosphere Model for Australia (POAMA) is a state-of-the-art seasonal to inter-annual seasonal forecast system based on a coupled ocean/ atmosphere model and ocean/atmosphere/land observation assimilation systems.  This project will establish the limits of predictability of large-scale variations of the marine environment in Western Australia using POAMA. 

POAMA-1.5 hindcast and realtime data consists of three types output.

1. Hindcasts
Comprehensive set of hind-casts with a 10 member ensemble

2. Forecasts
These are realtime forecasts, which are run one per day. Most products involve putting together forecasts for the last 30 days to form an ensemble.

3. Model Climatologies
Model climatologies in same format as the forecasts and hindcasts. These can be used to creat forecast anomalies and therefore removing model biases. Each set starts on the first of the month. Note, for realtime forecasts starting on different days of the month, one should interpolate the two surrounding climatologies starting on the first of the month.

Forecast model output includes monthly means of global fields of upper ocean temperatures, currents, and salinity. Atmospheric fields include global fields of all surface fluxes (momentum, radiation, sensible and latent heat), and winds, temperatures, humidity, clouds, etc. 

A subset of daily data, suitable for driving offline mixed layer models and downscaled models, including surface fluxes, surface winds, surface currents and temperature, is also archived.

Tags: Climate Model Forecasts, Climate Model Predictions, Ocean Circulation, Ocean Currents, Ocean Temperature, Oceans, Salinity, Seasonal Forecasts, Seasonal Prediction, Water Temperature
Organization: Bureau of Meteorology (BOM)