AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
GPS Survey of the Sacramento Valley Subsidence Network

In 2008, DWR developed a series of survey monuments
in the Sacramento Valley to create a subsidence monitoring network. The network encompasses all or part
of 11 counties, from Shasta County at the north end of the valley to Solano and Sacramento counties in
the south. It includes over 300 benchmarks with an average spacing of 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). During
the spring/summer of 2008, DWR along with 25 local, State, and federal partners performed an initial
GPS survey of the network to establish a baseline measurement to compare against future surveys. The
initial survey was done using National Geodetic Survey standards.  
DWR resurveyed the monument network in 2017 with assistance from 19 State, county, and local
agencies, and a private entity. The methodology and equipment used was similar to the 2008 survey.
Analysis of the results was done to depict the change in height at each monument from 2008 to 2017.
The Arbuckle area (Colusa County) showed the most subsidence with a maximum change of -2.14 feet
(ft.). Surrounding stations and InSAR data confirm this result with changes ranging from -0.49 to -1.00 ft.
In eastern Yolo County (Zamora to Davis), the largest spatial extent of station declines was observed with
several benchmarks showing changes between -0.3 and -1.1 ft. In Glenn County (Artois and Orland area),
three stations, ARTO, K852, and AGUI showed changes of -0.59 ft., -0.46 ft., and -0.44 ft., respectively.
An area on the south side of the Sutter Buttes showed changes ranging from -0.19 to -0.36 ft. The
remainder of the valley shows little change overall.  
During the time of the 2017 survey, groundwater levels in the Sacramento Valley were recovering from
the severe drought of 2012-16. During the drought, groundwater levels hit historic lows in most wells in
the Sacramento Valley with maximum decreases in Glenn and Colusa Counties of 58 ft. and 43 ft.,
respectively, compared to 2011 pre-drought conditions. During the survey field work in 2017,  
groundwater levels had recovered about 7 ft. on average since 2015. The period between the two surveys
was nine years, and it was not possible to determine when during that time frame the changes shown took
place. However, it is likely that the subsidence occurred during the drought in 2012-16 when groundwater
levels in many wells reached historic lows due to increased groundwater pumping. To better bracket when
changes occur, surveys at a more frequent interval (3-5 years), are recommended. Integrating groundbased
subsidence monitoring such as continuous GPS sites and extensometers and remote sensing data,
such as InSAR, into the subsidence monitoring network is also recommended.
Tundra Swan Range - CWHR B067 [ds1411]

<div style='text-align:Left;'><div><div><p style='margin:0 0 14 0;'><span><span>Vector datasets of CWHR range maps are one component of California Wildlife Habitat Relationships (CWHR), a comprehensive information system and predictive model for California's wildlife. The CWHR System was developed to support habitat conservation and management, land use planning, impact assessment, education, and research involving terrestrial vertebrates in California. CWHR contains information on life history, management status, geographic distribution, and habitat relationships for wildlife species known to occur regularly in California. Range maps represent the maximum, current geographic extent of each species within California. They were originally delineated at a scale of 1:5,000,000 by species-level experts and have gradually been revised at a scale of 1:1,000,000. For more information about CWHR, visit the CWHR webpage (</span><a href='https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR' style='text-decoration:underline;' rel='nofollow ugc'><span>https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR</span></a><span>). The webpage provides links to download CWHR data and user documents such as a look up table of available range maps including species code, species name, and range map revision history; a full set of CWHR GIS data; .pdf files of each range map or species life history accounts; and a User Guide.</span></span></p></div></div></div>
Green-Winged Teal Range - CWHR B077 [ds1417]

<div style='text-align:Left;'><div><div><p style='margin:0 0 14 0;'><span><span>Vector datasets of CWHR range maps are one component of California Wildlife Habitat Relationships (CWHR), a comprehensive information system and predictive model for California's wildlife. The CWHR System was developed to support habitat conservation and management, land use planning, impact assessment, education, and research involving terrestrial vertebrates in California. CWHR contains information on life history, management status, geographic distribution, and habitat relationships for wildlife species known to occur regularly in California. Range maps represent the maximum, current geographic extent of each species within California. They were originally delineated at a scale of 1:5,000,000 by species-level experts and have gradually been revised at a scale of 1:1,000,000. For more information about CWHR, visit the CWHR webpage (</span><a href='https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR' style='text-decoration:underline;' rel='nofollow ugc'><span>https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR</span></a><span>). The webpage provides links to download CWHR data and user documents such as a look up table of available range maps including species code, species name, and range map revision history; a full set of CWHR GIS data; .pdf files of each range map or species life history accounts; and a User Guide.</span></span></p></div></div></div>
Mallard Range - CWHR B079 [ds1418]

<div style='text-align:Left;'><div><div><p style='margin:0 0 14 0;'><span><span>Vector datasets of CWHR range maps are one component of California Wildlife Habitat Relationships (CWHR), a comprehensive information system and predictive model for California's wildlife. The CWHR System was developed to support habitat conservation and management, land use planning, impact assessment, education, and research involving terrestrial vertebrates in California. CWHR contains information on life history, management status, geographic distribution, and habitat relationships for wildlife species known to occur regularly in California. Range maps represent the maximum, current geographic extent of each species within California. They were originally delineated at a scale of 1:5,000,000 by species-level experts and have gradually been revised at a scale of 1:1,000,000. For more information about CWHR, visit the CWHR webpage (</span><a href='https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR' style='text-decoration:underline;' rel='nofollow ugc'><span>https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR</span></a><span>). The webpage provides links to download CWHR data and user documents such as a look up table of available range maps including species code, species name, and range map revision history; a full set of CWHR GIS data; .pdf files of each range map or species life history accounts; and a User Guide.</span></span></p></div></div></div>
Spatial and Economic Human Uses, California South Coast MPA Baseline Study, 1992 to 2012

This study addresses the South Coast MPA Baseline Program objectives by describing human use patterns across the study region and establishing initial data points for long-term tracking of conditions and trends in the South Coast. This study is also a part of a three-part study conducted by Point 97 to provide baseline estimates of the quantity, spatial distribution, and economic value of human uses—specifically human use in three specific sectors: coastal recreation, commercial fishing, and commercial passenger fishing vessels in the South Coast region.
 The South Coast (SC) region coastal recreation survey was launched in May of 2012. In an effort to capture seasonal variations in coastal use, we collected data on the respondent’s most recent coastal trip, and deployed the survey in four survey “waves” over a one-year period. Data collection was completed in March 2013, and the data were then subsequently analyzed and synthesized. In the survey, respondents were asked to recount details of their coastal visitation trips over the previous 12 months and of their last trip, including information about the number of trips taken, participation in recreational activities, the location of activities, and expenditures made. This data package include the raw survey data and a sample PDF map of the spatial data collected.
Northern Pintail Range - CWHR B080 [ds1419]

<div style='text-align:Left;'><div><div><p style='margin:0 0 14 0;'><span><span>Vector datasets of CWHR range maps are one component of California Wildlife Habitat Relationships (CWHR), a comprehensive information system and predictive model for California's wildlife. The CWHR System was developed to support habitat conservation and management, land use planning, impact assessment, education, and research involving terrestrial vertebrates in California. CWHR contains information on life history, management status, geographic distribution, and habitat relationships for wildlife species known to occur regularly in California. Range maps represent the maximum, current geographic extent of each species within California. They were originally delineated at a scale of 1:5,000,000 by species-level experts and have gradually been revised at a scale of 1:1,000,000. For more information about CWHR, visit the CWHR webpage (</span><a href='https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR' style='text-decoration:underline;' rel='nofollow ugc'><span>https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR</span></a><span>). The webpage provides links to download CWHR data and user documents such as a look up table of available range maps including species code, species name, and range map revision history; a full set of CWHR GIS data; .pdf files of each range map or species life history accounts; and a User Guide.</span></span></p></div></div></div>
Sandy Beach Ecosystems, California South Coast MPA Baseline Study, 2011 to 2013

Sandy beaches are among the most intensely used coastal ecosystems for human recreation and are vitally important to coastal economies. Beaches support unique biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem functions and services including endemic invertebrate communities and food webs that are prey for birds and fish, buffering and absorption of wave energy by stored sand, filtration of large volumes of seawater, extensive detrital processing and nutrient recycling, and the provision of critical habitat and resources for declining and endangered wildlife, such as shorebirds and pinnipeds. Sandy beaches compose 36% of the 693 km of shoreline in the South Coast (SC) region, including the California Channel Islands. The goal of this ecological characterization study is to provide a quantitative, baseline description of sandy beach ecosystems in the region from which future ecological changes may be assessed, and to document any differences that may already exist between sandy beaches located within and outside of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). We also evaluated potential ecological indicators for monitoring and developed and tested new protocols for potential use by citizen-scientists and educators.
Rocky Intertidal Ecosystems, California South Coast MPA Baseline Study, 2001 to 2014

The South Coast Study Region (SCSR) encompasses a broad section of southern California including both mainland and island coastal regions.  The exceptionally high diversity of marine life in this region is largely due to the mixing of several major oceanographic current systems, and the region is characterized by strong gradients in environmental conditions. Rocky shores characterize approximately 26.83% of the SCSR, and in many areas attract a large number of individuals who frequent the intertidal zone for recreation, education, and for collecting flora and fauna for food, fish bait, or decoration. Rocky intertidal ecosystems are one of the most heavily human-­‐impacted ecosystems along the mainland southern California coast (in addition to sandy beaches) due to their ease of access, and has made them particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of human activities resulting from both extraction (harvesting and collecting) as well as physicaldisturbance (trampling, overturning and handling).
Mid-Depth Rocky & Soft-Bottom Ecosystems, California South Coast MPA Baseline Study, 2011 to 2012

Seafloor habitats deeper than 100 meters make up an estimated 29% (1840 km2) of state waters in southern California, yet they are sampled with far less frequency when compared to shallower waters due to the many challenges associated with sampling in deep water. This difference in the frequency of sampling is concerning given the many economically and ecologically important organisms, along with the unique and productive habitats in which they occur, that are found below 100 m. With the creation of the new network of marine protected areas, over 35% (330 km2) of the State’s shelf and slope deeper than 100 m are now protected within State Marine Reserves and
Conservation Areas.

This dataset represents a multi-year study (September 2011 – January 2015) to characterize mid-depth rocky reef and soft bottom ecosystems in the California Marine Life Protection Act’s South Coast (SC) Study Region. The specific objective was to characterize the seafloor habitats and associated biological communities within and adjacent to the State Marine Reserves (SMRs) and Conservation Areas (SMCAs) at the time of implementation.
Shallow Rock and Kelp Forest Ecosystems, California South Coast MPA Baseline Study, 2011 to 2012

We systematically surveyed 94 of the 122 nearshore rocky reefs in the California south coast study region (SCSR). This synoptic baseline survey was conducted at 75 individual sites in 2011 and 88 sites in 2012. In addition, we incorporate two similar ‘historical’ data sets from 59 sites in 2004 and 79 sites in 2008. From 2011-2012, we surveyed all accessible nearshore rocky reefs found in the SCSR MPAs and determined the appropriateness of references areas for each. This baseline provides, for the first time, a taxonomically exhaustive biogeographic assessment of the nearshore subtidal reefs in the SCSR, improving significantly on our knowledge of the region and incorporating newly established and existing MPAs. Results confirm previously described patterns for subtidal fishes, reflect the physical oceanographic complexities of the Southern California Bight and add new knowledge to biogeographic patterns of algae and invertebrates. The SCSR is characterized by strong environmental gradients, a major defining feature of the SCSR compared to the other California MLPA Study Regions that have relatively more spatially consistent physical environments. These differences are reflected biologically in a high degree of kelp forest community structure across the region. We identified 17 geographically cohesive community clusters, each with distinct fish, invertebrate, and algal assemblages (Figure ES.1). Although kelp forest communities in the SCSR are highly variable, the structure can be related to the sea surface temperature patterns caused by the confluence of the California Current, the Southern California Counter Current and localized upwelling. Benthic habitat structure also varies within the region; the geology and structure of island reefs are functionally different from mainland reefs. Mainland reefs generally are less steep, can be found significantly offshore of the coastline, and have a greater influence of sedimentation moving through the system. With few exceptions, island reefs are generally abrupt, high relief structures, tightly fit to the coastline with less influence of the nearby soft bottom habitat. Ideally, long-term monitoring of MPAs should be distributed across the distinct areas as each is likely to respond differently.
Blue-Winged Teal Range - CWHR B082 [ds1420]

<div style='text-align:Left;'><div><div><p style='margin:0 0 14 0;'><span><span>Vector datasets of CWHR range maps are one component of California Wildlife Habitat Relationships (CWHR), a comprehensive information system and predictive model for California's wildlife. The CWHR System was developed to support habitat conservation and management, land use planning, impact assessment, education, and research involving terrestrial vertebrates in California. CWHR contains information on life history, management status, geographic distribution, and habitat relationships for wildlife species known to occur regularly in California. Range maps represent the maximum, current geographic extent of each species within California. They were originally delineated at a scale of 1:5,000,000 by species-level experts and have gradually been revised at a scale of 1:1,000,000. For more information about CWHR, visit the CWHR webpage (</span><a href='https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR' style='text-decoration:underline;' rel='nofollow ugc'><span>https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR</span></a><span>). The webpage provides links to download CWHR data and user documents such as a look up table of available range maps including species code, species name, and range map revision history; a full set of CWHR GIS data; .pdf files of each range map or species life history accounts; and a User Guide.</span></span></p></div></div></div>
Nearshore Rocky Reefs and Kelp Forests, California North Coast MPA Baseline Study, 2014 to 2015

Here we provide one of the first systematic, “snapshot” surveys of the entire North Coast Study Region, from the Oregon border to the headland at Point Arena. Our attempt was to characterize these subtidal rocky reefs both inside of the newly created MPAs throughout the region and at comparable and representative reference areas outside of MPAs. We utilized small (19 and 22 ft) vessels for these surveys since representative reef habitats in this region are often remote and inaccessible from shore. These habitats are better represented in this study relative to those often reported on from the limited beach access surveys confined to small areas by other monitoring efforts. We used SCUBA surveys to measure the physical characteristics of rocky reefs and the relative abundance and sizes of many of the fishes, mobile and sessile invertebrates, and algae at each site. Species abundances were estimated along 30 m long swath surveys that count individuals within a 60 m² area or at predetermined points along a transect using uniform point contact (UPC) methods to estimate the percent cover of colonial and encrusting organisms covering the reefs.
ROV Surveys of the Mid-depth and Deep Subtidal Ecosystems, California North Coast MPA Baseline Study, 2014 to 2015

Marine Applied Research and Exploration (MARE) preformed quantitative baseline surveys within the NCSR in 2014 and 2015 with the overall goal to describe the condition of three distinctive priority ecosystem features within four MPAs and their adjacent reference study areas: a) mid-depth rock ecosystems, b) softbottom subtidal ecosystems, and c) deep ecosystems (including canyons). Long-term monitoring trends within these habitats will be compared to baseline conditions, assisting in evaluating MPA effectiveness. The four MPAs chosen for evaluation include: Point St. George Reef Offshore SMCA, Reading Rock State Marine Reserve, Mattole Canyon State Marine Reserve and Ten Mile State Marine Reserve. Outside reference areas with similar habitats and depths were also surveyed for comparison. During the first two years following implementation, benthic visual surveys were conducted using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to assess initial changes in fishes, macro-invertebrates and associated seafloor habitats. The ROV collected video and still imagery while moving along a fixed path (transect) along the sea floor. Video imagery collected was analyzed to characterize substrate, habitat types, habitat complexity (rugosity), and estimate finfish and macro-invertebrate distribution, relative abundance and density. In total, 60 ROV dives were completed surveying more than 106 km (19 ha) between 13 and 421 m deep. In addition, over 16,500 still photos were taken.
California Spiny Lobster (Panulirus interruptus), California South Coast MPA Baseline Study, 2012 to 2013

The South Coast Lobster Research Group (SCLRG) was formed in 2011 in response to interest in how MPAs may affect the abundance, size, and behavior of the California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus). The SCLRG is a partnership between scientists, managers, stakeholders, and volunteers, and encompasses personnel from the San Diego State University (SDSU), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), the San Diego Oceans Foundation (SDOF), the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), and the California Lobster Trap Fishermen’s Association (CLTFA). We identified five sites in the South Coast Region at which to work, each with a newly established MPA: (1) the Cabrillo SMR in San Diego, (2) the South La Jolla SMR in La Jolla, (3) Swami’s SMCA in Encinitas, (4) the Laguna Beach SMR in Laguna Beach, and (5) the Pt. Vicente SMCA in Palos Verdes. Inside and outside of MPAs at each site, we conducted daytime SCUBA-based transect surveys of rocky reefs (5 – 15 m depth) between May and September of 2012 and 2013. The number of lobsters in four different size categories, as well depth, relief, and benthic habitat features (biogenic and non-biogenic) were recorded on each transect.
Characterization of Sandy Beaches and Adjacent Surf Zones, California North Coast MPA Baseline Study, 2014 to 2015

We combined taxonomically detailed surveys of macroinvertebrates and birds with targeted sampling of regionally important focal taxa including surf zone fishes, kelp and sand crabs; physical and biological metrics of the habitat; and activities of people on the beaches to develop an integrated understanding of the important ecosystem processes structuring northern California beaches. Our baseline study program consisted of the following components: 

Nine monthly surveys (from September 2014 through May 2015) of birds, macrophyte wrack (detached marine vegetation such as seaweeds, surfgrasses and seagrasses that are deposited on the beach), human use and physical characteristics of 12 sandy beaches and their adjacent surf zones (6 MPA and 6 reference sites);

A one-time, comprehensive survey of intertidal invertebrate biodiversity during summer 2014 of the 12 focal sandy beaches;

A comprehensive baseline survey of redtail surfperch (Amphistichus rhodoterus), including diet analysis, at nine sandy beaches (4 MPA, 5 reference sites) over two years;

Targeted monthly surveys of sand crabs (Emerita analoga) done concurrently with redtail surfperch surveys on three long beaches for three months; and

Sampling of night smelt (Spirinchus starksi) spawning aggregations from nine beaches (5 MPA, 4 reference) during spring and summer over two years.