AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Woodland Water Quality

Water quality and biology results for 21 streams draining headwater catchments dominated by woodland cover. Water quality data mainly comprise concentrations of various chemical constituents, as well as levels of a few physical parameters. The water quality data are for a series of monthly water samples with various start dates and continuing up to the end of December 2024. The biological data comprise species lists, abundancies and various derived biotic indices for two autumn suveys of the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna present at all 21 sites with water quality data. The 21 sites are distributed around England. The data are structured by site and presented in chronological order, which is monthly for water quality and annually for water biology. 
The NFI+ Woodland Water Quality is a project funded by the UK Government through Defra’s Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment programme (NCEA).  Users should ensure they have read the supporting documentation before viewing or making use of the data. This includes the NCEA Analysis Ready Data Limitations Statement and dataset specific limitations/caveats outlined in the supporting documentation.   Attribution statement: © Forestry Commission copyright and/or database right 2025. All rights reserved. 

Tags: England, NCEA, environment, forestry, land use, sustainable forest management, water biology, water quality, woodland
Organization: Forestry Commission
Tree Species Map England

The England species map was funded by DEFRA’s Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The map was created using satellite remote sensing data (Sentinel-2) and machine learning to classify common tree species in England. The model was trained to distinguish 35 common tree species, with minority species grouped into “Other broadleaf” or “Other conifer” classes for better classification performance. The final product comprises a species classification and confidence raster output.

The species map represents a predicted distribution of common tree species in England, produced using a time series of multispectral satellite remote sensing data (Sentinel-2) and machine learning. A classifier based on the XGBoost algorithm was trained to distinguish tree species, utilising a time-series of surface reflectance data and labelled training samples from the sub-compartment database (SCDB). To enhance classification performance, minority species with fewer than 1,000 training samples were grouped into broader categories, resulting in a total of 35 classes. Given the significant class imbalances, a sample weighting strategy was employed to guard against significant underfitting of the minority classes. 
Model evaluation demonstrated strong classification performance, with an overall accuracy of 89% and balanced class accuracy of 90%. Predictions were made at the pixel level and used to generate a species classification and confidence raster output. Field validation for Norway spruce within the Ips typographus demarcated area, confirmed a precision of 69%, aligning with test data results for this class. Additional validation using National Forest Inventory (NFI) data further reinforced model reliability, though accuracy was observed to be worse for underrepresented species. 

 Attribution statement: © Forestry Commission copyright and/or database right 2024. All rights reserved. 

Tags: England, Imagery, NCEA, Tree Species, Woodland , environment, remote sensing, satellite
Organization: Forestry Commission
Sustainably Managed Woodland England - Headline Key Performance Indicator 31 March 2025

This data is the source dataset for the Forestry Commissions Headline Performance Indicator: ‘Percentage of woodland that is sustainably managed in England (including the nation's forests managed by Forestry England)’.

This Indicator forms part of the Forestry Commission Key Performance Indicators published biannually and annually, depending on each individual indicator publication schedule.
This website gives more information about the Forestry Commission Performance Indicators: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/forestry-commission-corporate-plan-performance-indicators.
For the purposes of the performance indicator, 'sustainably managed’ woodland is currently defined using a range of administrative data sources.  Please see the lineage section for further information. It is recognised that there are other woodlands that could be considered to be 'sustainably managed’.
 Attribution statement: © Forestry Commission copyright and/or database right 2025. All rights reserved. 

Tags: England, Forest Service, Performance Indicator, Woodland , environment, forest management, forestry, management
Organization: Forestry Commission
Sustainably Managed Woodland England - Headline Key Performance Indicator 31 March 2024

This data is the source dataset for the Forestry Commissions Headline Performance Indicator: ‘Percentage of woodland that is sustainably managed in England (including the nation's forests managed by Forestry England)’.

This Indicator forms part of the Forestry Commission Key Performance Indicators published biannually and annually, depending on each individual indicator publication schedule.
This website gives more information about the Forestry Commission Performance Indicators: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/forestry-commission-corporate-plan-performance-indicators.
For the purposes of the performance indicator, 'sustainably managed’ woodland is currently defined using a range of administrative data sources.  Please see the lineage section for further information. It is recognised that there are other woodlands that could be considered to be 'sustainably managed’. Attribution statement: © Forestry Commission copyright and/or database right 2025. All rights reserved. 

Tags: England, Forest Service, Performance Indicator, Woodland, environment, forest management, forestry, management
Organization: Forestry Commission
Sustainably Managed Woodland England - Headline Key Performance Indicator 30 September 2024

This data is the source dataset for the Forestry Commissions Headline Performance Indicator: ‘Percentage of woodland that is sustainably managed in England (including the nation's forests managed by Forestry England)’.
This Indicator forms part of the Forestry Commission Key Performance Indicators published biannually and annually, depending on each individual indicator publication schedule.
This website gives more information about the Forestry Commission Performance Indicators: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/forestry-commission-corporate-plan-performance-indicators.
For the purposes of the performance indicator, 'sustainably managed’ woodland is currently defined using a range of administrative data sources.  Please see the lineage section for further information. It is recognised that there are other woodlands that could be considered to be 'sustainably managed’.
 Attribution statement: © Forestry Commission copyright and/or database right 2025. All rights reserved. 

Tags: England, Forest Service, Performance Indicator, Woodland, environment, forest management, forestry, management
Organization: Forestry Commission
National Woodland Bat Survey - Example Dataset

Unvalidated automated bat species classifications derived from acoustic recordings made at a sample of three National Forest Inventory squares, surveyed as part of the National Woodland Bat Survey. Data from additional squares are available on request. 
The National Woodland Bat Survey is an England-wide passive acoustic bat survey conducted across National Forest Inventory squares. Bat echolocation calls within audio recordings are detected and classified to species using automated machine-learning classifiers. These sample data have not been validated, so will include incorrect species classifications. They are of use in applications where it is preferable for classification uncertainty to be modelled and incorporated into analyses, and inference is made at regional or national scale, thereby reducing the impact of individual misclassifications. An alternative dataset of validated and accepted species records will be made available at a future date.
Data are georeferenced using a delocalised grid. The bounding coordinates for each grid square are included in the dataset. Further information about the delocalisation process is provided in the dataset evidence pack.
The 'National Woodland Bat Survey - Example Dataset’ is a project part-funded by the UK Government through Defra’s Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment programme (NCEA).  Users should ensure they have read the supporting documentation before viewing or making use of the data. This includes the NCEA Analysis Ready Data Limitations Statement and dataset specific limitations/caveats outlined in the supporting documentation.
 Attribution statement: © Forestry Commission & Bat Conservation Trust copyright and/or database right 2025. All rights reserved. 

Tags: England, NCEA, acoustic monitoring, bat , biodiversity conservation, biological monitoring, chiroptera, ecological assessment, environment, forest, forest biodiversity, forest management, forest policy, mammal, species, woodland 
Organization: Forestry Commission
National Trees Outside Woodland Survey - Example Data

The National Trees Outside Woodland (TOW) Survey - Example Data consist of data captured in the field based on the TOW survey protocol. This dataset reflects only a partial subset and is supplied as example data for experimental use.  As such this only contains data collected from 9 months in 2023-2024.  Additional years of data collection and publication will follow.  Thus, this example data is not representative of the whole target population and may contain an element of bias, which may make it unsuitable for all intended analytical purposes until further data is published. 
Two complementary work streams run to deliver TOW field survey data: Firstly, an office-based hand-mapping of 3000 1km2 samples across England utilising GIS and aerial photography.  Secondly, a field survey exercise of a stratified subset of over 1,000 1km2 sample squares over a five-year period.  In each of the field sample squares, surveyors collect a subset of a maximum of 60 TOW features for sampling. These TOW features include up to 5 small woods, 15 tree groups, 35 lone trees and 5 hedgerows.  The survey methodology applies much of the National Forest Inventory (NFI) field data methodology.  The data were collected across England. 
Users should ensure they have read the supporting documentation before viewing or making use of the data.  This includes the NCEA Analysis Ready Data Limitations Statement and dataset specific limitations/caveats outlined in the Summary Guide.
The 'National Trees Outside Woodlands Survey’ is a project funded by the UK Government through Defra’s Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment programme (NCEA).
 Attribution statement: © Forestry Commission copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. 

Tags: England, NCEA, coniferous tree, coppice, deciduous tree, ecosystems, environment, environmental policy, forest damage, forest deterioration, forest ecosystem, forest management, forestry, mixed woodland, survey, tree  , woodland
Organization: Forestry Commission
National Trees Outside Woodland Map

The National Trees Outside Woodland (TOW) V1 map is a vector product funded by DEFRA’s Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme produced under Forest Research’s Earth Observation for Trees and Woodlands (EOTW) project.

The TOW map identifies canopy cover over 3m tall and 5m2 area which exists outside the National Forest Inventory (National Forest Inventory - Forest Research). Canopy cover is categorised into the following woodland types - lone trees, groups of trees and small woodlands.

The data set was derived from the Vegetation Object Model (VOM) (Environment Agency, EA), the National Lidar Survey (EA), and Sentinel-2 (European Space Agency) imagery using spatial algorithms. The method is fully automated with no manual manipulation or editing. The map and its production method has been quality assured by DEFRA science assurance protocols and assessed for accuracy using ground truth data.

Because the process classifies objects based on proximity to features within OS mapping, there could be some misclassifications of those objects not included in the OS (specifically: static caravans, shipping containers, large tents, marquees, coastal cliffs and solar farms).

This is a first release of this dataset, the quality of the production methods will be reviewed over the next year, and improvements will be made where possible.

The TOW map is available under open government licence and free to download from the Forestry Commission open data download website (Forestry Commission) and view online on the NCEA ArcGIS Online web portal (Trees Outside Woodland). A full report containing details on methodology, accuracy and user guide is available.

TOW map web portal link : https://ncea.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/sidebar/index.html?appid=cf571f455b444e588aa94bbd22021cd3

FR TOW map web page :  https://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/tools-and-resources/fthr/trees-outside-woodland-map/  Attribution statement: © Forestry Commission copyright and/or database right 2025. All rights reserved. 

Tags: ESDA, England, NCEA, Native woodland, broadleaved, conifer, deciduous, environment, forestry, landscape, remote sensing, satellite, tree
Organization: Forestry Commission
National Forest Inventory Wales 2024

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) woodland map covers all forest and woodland area over 0.5 hectare with a minimum of 20% canopy cover, or the potential to achieve it, and a minimum width of 20 metres. This includes areas of new planting, clearfell, windblow and restock. The woodland map excludes all 'tarmac' roads and active railways, and forest roads, rivers and powerlines where the gap in the woodland is greater than 20 meters wide.

All woodland (both urban and rural), regardless of ownership, is 0.5 hectare or greater in extent, with the exception of Assumed woodland or Low density areas that can be 0.1 hectare or greater in extent. Also, in the case of woodland areas that cross the countries borders, the minimum size restriction does not apply if the overall area complies with the minimum size.

Woodland less than 0.5 hectare in extent, with the expectation of the areas above, will not be described within the dataset but will be included in a separate sample survey of small woodland and tree features.

The woodland map is updated on an annual basis and the changes in the woodland boundaries use the Ordnance Survey MasterMap® (OSMM) as a reference where appropriated.

The changes in the canopy cover have been identified on:

Sentinel 2 imagery taken during spring/summer 2024 or colour aerial orthophotographicimagery available at the time of the assessment;

New planting information for the financial year 2023/2024, from grant schemes and the sub-compartment database covering the estate of Natural Resources Wales;

Transition areas where the difference between last assessment date (source) and the latest date (source) currently available was greater than 17 years.

Woodland areas, greater than 0.5 hectares, are classified as an interpreted forest type (IFT) from aerial photography and satellite imagery. Non-woodland areas, open areas greater than 0.5 hectare completely surrounded by woodland are described according to open area types.

IFT categories are Conifer, Broadleaved, Mixed mainly conifer, Mixed mainly broadleaved, Coppice, Coppice with standards, Shrub, Young trees, Felled, Ground prep, Cloud \ shadow, Uncertain, Low density, Assumed woodland, Failed, Windblow.

IOA categories are Open water, Grassland, Agricultural land, Urban, Road, River, Powerline, Quarry, Bare area, Windfarm, Other vegetation.

For further information regarding the interpreted forest types (IFT) and the interpreted open areas (IOA) please see NFI description of attributes available on  www.forestresearch.gov.uk Attribution statement: © Forestry Commission copyright and/or database right 2025. All rights reserved. 

Tags: Interpreted forest type, aerial photography, environment, felled, forestry, inventory, survey, windblow, woodland inventory, woodland survey
Organization: Forestry Commission
National Forest Inventory Wales 2021

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) woodland map covers all forest and woodland area over 0.5 hectare with a minimum of 20% canopy cover, or the potential to achieve it, and a minimum width of 20 metres. This includes areas of new planting, clearfell, windblow and restock.  

The woodland map excludes all 'tarmac' roads and active railways, and forest roads, rivers and powerlines where the gap in the woodland is greater than 20 meters wide. All woodland (both urban and rural), regardless of ownership, is 0.5 hectare or greater in extent, with the exception of Assumed woodland or Low density areas that can be 0.1 hectare or greater in extent. Also, in the case of woodland areas that cross the countries borders, the minimum size restriction does not apply if the overall area complies with the minimum size. Woodland less than 0.5 hectare in extent, with the expectation of the areas above, will not be described within the dataset but will be included in a separate sample survey of small woodland and tree features. The woodland map is updated on an annual basis and the changes in the woodland boundaries use the Ordnance Survey MasterMap® (OSMM) as a reference where appropriated. The changes in the canopy cover have been identified on: 

• Sentinel 2 imagery taken during spring/summer 2021 or colour aerial orthophotographic imagery available at the time of the assessment; 
• New planting information for the financial year 2021/2020, from grant schemes and the sub-compartment database covering the estate of Natural Resources Wales;

Woodland areas, greater than 0.5 hectares, are classified as an interpreted forest type (IFT) from aerial photography and satellite imagery. Non-woodland areas, open areas greater than 0.5 hectare completely surrounded by woodland are described according to open area types.

IFT categories are Conifer, Broadleaved, Mixed mainly conifer, Mixed mainly broadleaved, Coppice, Coppice with standards, Shrub, Young trees, Felled, Ground prep, Cloud \ shadow, Uncertain, Low density, Assumed woodland, Failed, Windblow.

IOA categories are Open water, Grassland, Agricultural land, Urban, Road, River, Powerline, Quarry, Bare area, Windfarm, Other vegetation.

For further information regarding the interpreted forest types (IFT) and the interpreted open areas (IOA) please see NFI description of attributes available on  www.forestresearch.gov.uk Attribution statement: © Forestry Commission copyright and/or database right 2023. All rights reserved. 

Tags: 2021, Interpreted forest type, OpenData, Wales, aerial photography, biota, environment, forestresearch, forestry, interpreted open areas, inventory, inventory of forest damage, survey, woodland, woodland inventory, woodland survey
Organization: Forestry Commission
National Forest Inventory Scotland 2024

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) woodland map covers all forest and woodland area over 0.5 hectare with a minimum of 20% canopy cover, or the potential to achieve it, and a minimum width of 20 metres. This includes areas of new planting, clearfell, windblow and restock. The woodland map excludes all 'tarmac' roads and active railways, and forest roads, rivers and powerlines where the gap in the woodland is greater than 20 meters wide.

All woodland (both urban and rural), regardless of ownership, is 0.5 hectare or greater in extent, with the exception of Assumed woodland or Low density areas that can be 0.1 hectare or greater in extent. Also, in the case of woodland areas that cross the countries borders, the minimum size restriction does not apply if the overall area complies with the minimum size.

Woodland less than 0.5 hectare in extent, with the expectation of the areas above, will not be described within the dataset but will be included in a separate sample survey of small woodland and tree features.

The woodland map is updated on an annual basis and the changes in the woodland boundaries use the Ordnance Survey MasterMap® (OSMM) as a reference where appropriated.

The changes in the canopy cover have been identified on:

Sentinel 2 imagery taken during spring/summer 2024 or colour aerial orthophotographicimagery available at the time of the assessment;

New planting information for the financial year 2023/2024, from grant schemes and the sub-compartment database covering the estate of Forestry and Land Scotland;

Transition areas where the difference between last assessment date (source) and the latest date (source) currently available was greater than 17 years.

Woodland areas, greater than 0.5 hectares, are classified as an interpreted forest type (IFT) from aerial photography and satellite imagery. Non-woodland areas, open areas greater than 0.5 hectare completely surrounded by woodland are described according to open area types.

IFT categories are Conifer, Broadleaved, Mixed mainly conifer, Mixed mainly broadleaved, Coppice, Coppice with standards, Shrub, Young trees, Felled, Ground prep, Cloud \ shadow, Uncertain, Low density, Assumed woodland, Failed, Windblow.

IOA categories are Open water, Grassland, Agricultural land, Urban, Road, River, Powerline, Quarry, Bare area, Windfarm, Other vegetation.

For further information regarding the interpreted forest types (IFT) and the interpreted open areas (IOA) please see NFI description of attributes available on  www.forestresearch.gov.uk Attribution statement: © Forestry Commission copyright and/or database right 2025. All rights reserved. 

Tags: Interpreted forest type, aerial photography, environment, felled, inventory, survey, windblow, woodland inventory, woodland survey
Organization: Forestry Commission