AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Data for the H2O concentration in glass particles produced during the 2011-2012 Cordon Caulle eruption.

These are data pertaining to Wadsworth et al. (2022) which are published here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107672. How: Samples were set in epoxy and ground to the point where half of the glass chips collected were ground away. Then the sample was turned around and the other half of the particles were ground away until a thin slice of the chips remained at about 0.05 mm thick. At this point, the thin slices of volcanic chips were measured using Fourier Transform Infrared How: Spectroscopy (FTIR) at JAMSEC (Japan) by Iona McIntosh in collaboration with coauthors and Fabian Wadsworth. The data are the primary data in this manuscript. These data were collected to investigate how much water is remnant in particles that are known to have formed by the competition between degassing of H2O and sintering in volcanoes. That competition has implications for the development and destruction of permeability, which is at the core of this project.

Tags: Geochemistry, NERC_DDC, Sintering
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Data on glass chips from IDDP-1 (Iceland) drilling project

These are so-called relaxation datasets for the rate of structural relaxation of glass exposed to high temperatures. The glass is in the form of chips collected during the IDDP-1 drilling project at Krafla Iceland (more below). The chips were generated during drilling in 2011. However, the analysis presented here was developed in 2023 ahead of the ultimate publication in 2024. The data were collected using differential scanning calorimetry, which is a standard method in glass science for measuring the enthalpy of glass relaxation as it is returned to the high temperatures from which it formed. The relaxation rate of the glass from IDDP-1 tells us directly what the rate was at which it cooled. That "cooling rate" in turn allows us to understand what the time available for fragmentation and sintering in geothermal systems is, which has informed this wider project.

Tags: Geothermal energy, NERC_DDC, Permeability, Sintering
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Mechanical data on Unzen rock samples

This dataset contains raw mechanical measurements of standard uniaxial tests in 1) tension; 2) compression; 3) compression with creep deformation (load hold); 4) compression with creep and mechanical oscillations. The data is used by Schaefer et al., 2023, (https://doi.org/10.55575/tektonika2023.1.1.10). Experiments consisted of 1) standard Uniaxial Compressive strength tests; 2) Brazilian tensile strength tests; 3) Creep tests in compression and tension; 4) Creep and mechanical oscillations tests in compression and tension. For experiments in 1 in compression, a rock cylinder of 20x40 mm (diameter x height) is loaded at a constant deformation rate in a uniaxial press, for each test type until 1) failure; 3) a target stress that is then held constant for 5h before moving to a different target stress and repeating the process; and 4) to a target stress that is then held for 30 mins before inducing stress oscillations for 40 minutes. The stress is then held constant at the end of oscillations for another 30 mins. Target stresses corresponded to 50; 60 and 70% of the average compressive strength measured in test type 1. For experiments in 1), 3) and 4) in tension, a rock disc of 40x20 mm (diameter x height) is loaded at a constant deformation rate in a uniaxial press under the same stressing configurations as in compression. More details of the methods can be found in the publication Schaefer et al., 2023. Volcanic domes and edifices are inherently unstable owing to their structure and rapid emplacement/growth, further enhanced by both mechanical and thermal variations due to the movement of magma. Understanding the long-term mechanical response and fatigue of their rock constituents is thus key to understanding their stability. Experimental datasets can help quantify the amount of deformation that rocks can sustain before failure, helping us to understand possible rock failure events at larger scale at volcanoes. All data were collected at the University of Liverpool and analysed at the University of Liverpool, UK, at the USGS, USA and LMU Munich, Germany. All samples were collected at Unzen volcano, Japan. Experiments and data analysis were carried in 2021 and 2022.

Tags: Compression, Dacite, NERC_DDC, Rock mechanics, Tension tests
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Permeability data of sintered glass fragments

These data, presented in an excel spreadsheet, where each tab is a different sample (corresponding to the names in the publication), shows the fluid flow volume through time during a permeability measurement, plus the calculation of permeability. These permeability data were used in the publication by Weaver et al. 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118410) The data was collected and analysed at the University of Liverpool and each sample is made of volcanic glass fragments from Hrafntinnuhryggur, Iceland. The geographical location of the samples is here inconsequential for the dataset, the specific obsidian was chosen for its physical properties alone. The experiments were conducted and the data collected and analysed in 2021 and 2022 for publication in 2023. Experiments consisted of placing loose volcanic glass fragments in a crucible and placing the assembly in a high temperature oven (1006 oC) for variable amount of time to sinter them into a coherent material, before cooling and measuring permeability. The permeability measurement was made using the constant head permeability method with synthetic oil as a permeating fluid. This involves the filling of a given height of oil above the sample, creating an overburden that drives fluid flow. Details of the method are provided in detail in Weaver et al., 2023. The data were collected to assess the permeability evolution of fragmental systems undergoing diffusive outgassing, vesiculation and sintering to try to understand the longevity and impact of fragment-filled cracks present in volcanic environments.

Tags: Magma, NERC_DDC, Permeability, Pyroclastic rocks, Siliceous sinter
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Modelled viscosity data for common magma compositions containing variable water contents

Data shows the composition (in wt. %) and the modelled temperature-viscosity relationship (800-1600 degrees) for various generic compositions of magmas and variable water contents. These data are used for the viscosity curves shown in figure 11 of Kendrick and Lavallée, 2022 (https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2022.87.20). The data involve only idealised compositions, not real samples, and the data was compiled at the University of Liverpool, UK. These data were compiled in 2021. The generic magma compositions were input into the open access Viscosity calculator "GRD", available at; https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/~krussell/VISCOSITY/grdViscosity.html and the resulting temperature-viscosity relationship for each generic composition was generated, providing the lines used in Fig. 11 of the review paper Kendrick and Lavallée, 2022. These data help understanding the viscosity-temperature relationship of different composition magmas with different dissolved water content.

Tags: Magma, Melts, NERC_DDC, Viscosity
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Volume and density measurements for obsidian

This dataset contains Volume and density measurements for obsidian using helium pycnometry. The data was collected and analysed at the University of Liverpool for cored rhyolitic obsidian cylinders from Hrafntinnuhryggur, Iceland. The geographical location of the samples is here inconsequential for the dataset; the specific obsidian was chosen for its physical properties alone. The sample mass (using a scale) and geometry (using a caliper) of 7 representative samples of rhyolitic obsidian was measured, and the samples were analysed using a helium pycnometer, which measures volume, and correspondingly density when the sample mass is provided. The density of the rhyolitic obsidian was needed for the experiments in the study Seropian et al (2022).

Tags: Density, NERC_DDC, Volcanic glass
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Compiled lists of active volcanoes along with active and potential geothermal sites worldwide

Global dataset of active volcanoes along with active and potential geothermal sites. The dataset provides geographic coordinates of; 1) active volcanoes that have erupted in the last 10,000 years worldwide for use by Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAAC) as compiled by the Smisthonian Institution (https://volcano.si.edu/projects/vaac-data/) ; 2) Geographic coordinates of active geothermal sites; 3) Geographic coordinates of potential geothermal sites. Both 2) and 3) were compiled by Coro and Trumpy, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121874). These data are compiled together in a map in the publication Lavallée et al., 2025 (https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798724000292). The data compiled here are global datasets and the map was created at LMU Munich. The open-source data from Smisthonian Institution is collected and updated since 2013. All data used by Lavallée et al., 2025 were sourced and compiled in January 2024.The compilation was done using Matlab and a basemap provided by ESRI in 2009 The data were used to show how the potential and safe use of magma energy by geothermal power plants at recently active volcanoes could help with the energy transition.

Tags: Geothermal energy, Maps, NERC_DDC, Volcanoes
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Forestry England Ownership

This dataset is a product of the Land Transaction layer within ForesterWeb used for maintaining estate transactions in England. Ownership relates estates acquisitions held in ForesterWeb, that is used to interrogate and maintain estate transactions by Forest Research on behalf of Forestry England. Attribution statement: © Forestry Commission copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2026.

Tags: environment, land transactions, ownership
Organization: Forestry Commission
Raw data from unpublished sintering experiments

Raw mechanical data from currently unpublished sintering experiments using glass beads in a triaxial pressure vessel as well as porosity, permeability results of sintering under constant (uniaxial) load. These experiments will be submitted for publication in the future. All data were collected from 2021 onwards and analysed at LMU Munich. Synthetic glass bead samples are sintered to a target porosity in a furnace to make uniform (homogeneous) porous glass samples, before being cooled, measured for porosity and permeability and then placed in a furnace either: 1) in a uniaxial press; or 2) a triaxial pressure vessel. In 1) a constant load is applied for 3 or 5h; In 2) a hydrostatic or deviatoric stress is applied for variable amount of time while the permeability evolution is constantly measured. These experiments impart physical changes to the porous samples. All samples porosity and permeability (using constant flow rate and nitrogen as a permeating fluid) are also measured post-experiment. Sintered glass beads act as an analogue for magmas. Understanding the evolution of transient porous network in magmas is key to understanding pore pressure evolution in volcanic conduits, which controls effusive-explosive transitions

Tags: Magma, NERC_DDC, Sintering
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Petrophysical characteristics of andesitic samples

This dataset contains petrophysical characteristics of andesite samples (geometry, porosity, permeability) before and after a series of mechanical tests (which were conducted as part of another project). The data is presented in the publication Lamur et al., 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26721-x). The data were collected at the University of Liverpool, analysed at the University of Liverpool and LMU Munich. All samples were collected on Colima volcano, Mexico. Experiments were conducted in 2021 and data analysed throughout 2021 and 2022. For each experiment, a rock cylinder of 25x50 mm (diameter x height) is prepared. Porosity data is calculated from sample geometry and volume measured in a helium pycnometer. Permeameter data is output automatically from the permeameter when a constant flow rate of helium gas through the sample is achieved, at which point the pressure differential and flow rate are used to calculate permeability. The values are for andesite samples from Colima volcano, pre- and post- mechanical testing. The data show the extent of changes of petrophysical properties possible by mechanical deformation in the brittle regime. Volcanic environments are often subjected to low magnitude; repetitive earthquakes that may contribute to the overall rock mass (or volcanic edifice/dome) fatigue. Understanding how such mechanical oscillations may change the characteristics of the volcanic rocks comprising the edifice can help better understanding associated hazards.

Tags: Earthquakes, NERC_DDC, Volcanology
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Solubility and speciation of Sulfur in silicate melt

This dataset contains experimentally derived measurements of sulfur solubility and speciation in silicate melts, obtained over a temperature range of 1200–1500 °C and a pressure range of 1 bar to 2.5 GPa. The experiments were conducted as part of the NERC-funded project NE/W000660/1 “The chemical behaviour of sulphur in magmas at high temperature and pressure” (2022–2025). For each experiment, the dataset includes the experimental run ID, silicate melt composition, and the experimental conditions under which the run was performed: pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity (fO?), sulfur fugacity (fS?), and run duration. The dataset also provides raw electron microprobe analyses (EMPA) for each experiment, expressed as elemental weight percentage averages. These analyses represent individual point analyses collected from polished epoxy resin mounts coated with carbon. Measurements were acquired using wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (WDS) on a standard-calibrated electron microprobe. The data are intended to support investigations into the behavior of sulfur in magmatic systems, including solubility mechanisms, redox speciation, and compositional controls on sulfur partitioning between melts and other phases. The data was acquired and analysed by the experimental petrology team, at the University of Oxford, Department of Earth Sciences

Tags: Electron microprobes, Experimental petrology, Gas furnaces, Magma, NERC_DDC, Silicate minerals, Solubility
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Copper Basin Exploration Science (CuBES) project broadband seismometer profile, Zambia 2022 - 2024

MiniSEED seismic data files, one file per station channel, per day plus associated metadata file, in dataless SEED format. The comprehensive metadata file includes lat, long, start and end dates and full calibration information for each instrument. The CuBES Broadband Profile consists of Guralp, ESPCD and 6T seismometers which recorded both 1Hz and 100Hz passive data, across Zambia, 01/05/2022 to 21/12/2024. The Copper Basin Exploration Science (CuBES) project collected passive seismic data across the Copper Belt in Zambia to determine for the first time the large scale crustal structure of the region to enable the copper deposits to be interpreted in a geodynamic context. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/Z1_2022

Tags: Copper deposits, NERC_DDC, Seismic data
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Major element, trace element and Nd isotopes of cumulate plagioclase and clinopyroxene in lower crustal gabbros from Hess Deep oceanic crust, East Pacific Rise, with elemental maps of all studied samples

We collected major element, trace element and Nd isotopes of cumulate plagioclase and clinopyroxene in lower crustal gabbros from Hess Deep oceanic crust (~2°15'N, 101°30'W) to investigate the Nd isotopic heterogeneity of melts delivered to a complete section of Hess Deep oceanic crust, accreted at the fast-spreading (133 mm/yr) East Pacific Rise (EPR). These data are presented in Cooper et al. (2025) (https://doi.org/10.1130/G52872.1). Elemental maps of 58 samples were initially obtained prior to selecting a subset of 25 samples for in-situ microanalysis. We targeted the Nd isotope record of cumulate plagioclase and clinopyroxene from lower crustal gabbro samples, representing early crystallisation products of melts delivered to the crust. These samples were collected in several expeditions: Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 147; RSS James Cook cruise JC21; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 345 (Site U). Combined, these studies provide the most complete composite section of fast-spreading EPR crust to date (stratigraphic depth of 4350 m to 25 m). In our study, we selected 25 samples for in situ Nd isotope microanalysis, covering the range of mineralogy and textural diversity, and over the full stratigraphic depth. For a comparison to local MORB compositions, we selected a set of 13 upper-crustal sheeted dikes collected on the RSS James Cook cruise JC21. Our data reveal that the mantle is heterogeneous at the scale of melt extraction, and the crystal record from the lower crust shows greater 143Nd/144Nd heterogeneity than the overlying MORB. Hence, Pacific MORBs do not reflect the full heterogeneity of their mantle source, and some aggregation of melts occurs within the crust. Data was collected between 2020 and 2023 by George Cooper, Johan Lissenberg and Max Jansen at Cardiff University, UK, as part of NERC Grant NE/T000317/1:HiDe: A Highly Heterogeneous Depleted Upper Mantle? Mineral isotopic analyses were performed on a Thermo Scientific TRITON Plus at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. The long-term average and reproducibility (2019–2022) for the JNdi-1 standard is 0.512094 ± 0.000011 2 SD (standard deviation; n = 28) with 1011Ω resistors (used for clinopyroxene) and 0.512105 ± 0.000044 2 SD (n = 45) with four 1013Ω resistors (used for plagioclase). Full methodology can be found within the supplemental Material of Cooper et al. (2025) at https://doi.org/10.1130/GEOL.S.28485770 The DOI is a supplement to https://doi.org/10.1130/G52872.1 Methodology: https://gsapubs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Supplemental_Material_Crustal_versus_mantle-level_aggregation_of_heterogeneous_melts_at_mid-ocean_ridges/28485770?file=52665137

Tags: Clinopyroxene, Gabbro, Heterogeneity, MORB, Major element analysis, NERC_DDC, Neodymium isotopes, Oceanic crust, Plagioclase, Trace elements
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Phosphorus speciation and metal abundances in mafic and ultramafic rocks

The dataset includes abundances of phosphorus redox species (phosphate, phosphite, pyrophosphate) and metal abundances for a collection of mafic and ultramafic rocks. These include peridotites, komatiites and basalts from a variety of locations and ages. The results show that reduced and polymerized phosphorus is present in unaltered mafic and ultramafic rocks, in addition to phosphate. Therefore, oceanic crust can serve as a source of reactive phosphorus species.

Tags: Komatiite, NERC_DDC, Oceanic crust, Phosphorus
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Metal and organic carbon abundances of rock samples from a 3.47 billion year old stromatolite horizon in the Mount Ada Basalt, Western Australia

The dataset includes abundances of major, minor and trace elements, as well as abundances and isotopic ratios of organic carbon, of rock samples from a stromatolite-bearing horizon in the Mount Ada Basalt in the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia, 3.47 Ga. The section contains the oldest known large domal stromatolites. The data indicate hydrothermal nutrient sources and limited influx of felsic detrital material.

Tags: Basalt, NERC_DDC, Stromatolites, Submarine hydrothermal vents
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)
Dental Microwear Texture Analysis (DMTA) of tooth surfaces of fossil wolves from Britain and modern wolves from Poland

This dataset has been superseded, the latest version is version 2, http://data.bgs.ac.uk/id/dataHolding/13608613 Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) raw data. These are values from scale-sensitive fractal analysis (SSFA), and areal surface texture analysis (based on a suite of parameters, most of which are defined by ISO-25718-2) for dental microwear texture analysis of tooth surfaces of wolves from Britain (MIS 5e & MIS 7 a-c) and modern Poland wolves. This study examines the dietary adaptability of European grey wolves using dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA). We compare modern Polish wolf populations from the present interglacial (Holocene), with fossil specimens from two contrasting Pleistocene interglacials: the warmer Last Interglacial (Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage [MIS] 5e) and the cooler Penultimate Interglacial (MIS 7a–c). These datasets offer new insights into the palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental conditions under which grey wolves endured climate change in the past, free of anthropogenic influence. And allows the identification of hitherto-hidden ecological stress today, thereby highlighting potential vulnerabilities in modern populations under current and future climate change.

Tags: Climate change, Fossils, Glacial period, NERC_DDC, Palaeoenvironment
Organization: British Geological Survey (BGS)