AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
RAPID Understanding uncertainty in simulations of THC-related rapid climate change:

The main tools that are used for making projections of climate change in the coming century resulting from greenhouse-gas and other emissions are detailed coupled three-dimensional models of the atmosphere and ocean. However, such models give widely different results for some important aspects of climate change, thus limiting our ability to make practically useful projections. One such aspect is changes that may happen in the Atlantic Ocean thermohaline circulation, often referred to as the Gulf Stream. This circulation transports a great deal of heat northwards. If it weakened, future warming in Europe in particular could be reduced or possibly reversed. The spread of model results basically reflects limitations in current understanding of how the large-scale climate system operates. The aim of this project was to identify which are the most important aspects of that uncertainty by making comparisons of the responses simulated by a range of climate models. The results were intended to help improve the models by focusing attention on the aspects which require further theoretical or observational study.

This dataset collection contains meteorology and ocean model outputs.

Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) was a £20 million, six-year (2001-2007) programme for the Natural Environment Research Council. The programme aimed to improve the ability to quantify the probability and magnitude of future rapid change in climate, with a main (but not exclusive) focus on the role of the Atlantic Ocean's Thermohaline Circulation.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
FireMAFS (Fire Modelling and Forecasting System)

FireMAFS was led by Prof Martin Wooster (Kings College, London) as part of QUEST Theme 3 (Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System) project.

This dataset collection contains the MODIS Land Cover Type product multiple classification schemes, which describe land cover properties derived from observations spanning a year’s input of Terra and Aqua data. The data are stored in a 10 arc minute grid.

Fire was the most important disturbance agent worldwide in terms of area and variety of biomass affected, a major mechanism by which carbon is transferred from the land to the atmosphere, and a globally significant source of aerosols and many trace gas species. Despite such clear coupling between fire, climate, and vegetation, fire was not  modelled as an interactive component of the climate/earth systems models of full complexity or intermediate complexity, that are used to model terrestrial ecosystem processes principally for simulating CO2 exchanges.

The objective of FireMAFS was to resolve these limitations by developing a robust method to forecast fire activity (fire 'danger' indices, ignition probabilities, burnt area, fire intensity etc), via a process-based model of fire-vegetation interactions, tested, improved, and constrained. This used a state-of-the-art EO data products and driven by seasonal weather forecasts issued with many months lead-time.

Much of the activity of FireMAFS was shaped by the research and technical priorities of QUESTESM (earth system model).
Key activities included the progressive development of the JULES-ED and SPITFIRE submodels.
Fire is now very well represented in QESM (Quest Earth System Model), making progress towards
a modelling capability for fire risk forecasting in the context of global change.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
RAPID To What Extent was the Little Ice Age a Result of a Change in the Thermohaline Circulation?: HadCM3 model outputs

"To what extent was the Little Ice Age a result of a change in the thermohaline circulation?" project. This was a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) RAPID Climate Change Research Programme project (Joint International Round - NE/C509507/1 - Duration 1 Aug 2005 - 31 Jul 2008) led by Dr Tim Osborn of the University of East Anglia, with co-investigators at the University of East Anglia and Royal Netherlands Meteorology Institute. 

The dataset collection contains various model experiment output used in an analysis of whether the Little Ice Age climate could have been generated by one or more of the following factors: a weakening of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation; the persistence of a generally negative North Atlantic Oscillation; or reduced radiative forcing (by increased volcanic activity, reduced solar insolation and lower greenhouse gas concentrations relative to the present).

Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) was a £20 million, six-year (2001-2007) programme for the Natural Environment Research Council. The programme aimed to improve the ability to quantify the probability and magnitude of future rapid change in climate, with a main (but not exclusive) focus on the role of the Atlantic Ocean's Thermohaline Circulation.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
RAPID-WATCH VALOR: NEMO, FOAM AND ECMWF Model output

RAPID-WATCH VALOR project investigated how the inclusion of RAPID-WATCH observations into the 'initial conditions', used to start climate model simulations, can refine predictions of the future climate and, particularly, the future state of the AMOC.

This dataset collection contains NEMO, FOAM AND ECMWF Model output.

The project developed ways to assimilate the RAPID-WATCH and other ocean observations into ocean models which were then used to produce ocean 'syntheses' - complete data sets of our best guess of past ocean state. Similar syntheses were also produced which exclude the RAPID-WATCH observations. Both of these sytheses were then used to start prediction experiments in climate models. By comparing the climate model simulations starting with and without the RAPID-WATCH observations, the impact of the the RAPID-WATCH array observations on climate predictions, and the climate model AMOC were found.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
DESIRE (Dynamics of the Earth System and the Ice-Core Record):  Chemical traces, sea conditions and meteorological model measurements

DESIRE (Dynamics of the Earth System and the Ice-Core Record) was part of Theme 2 QUEST (Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System) programme. 

This dataset collection contains chemical traces, sea conditions and meteorological measurements from the Tropospheric Offline Model of Chemistry and Transport (TOMCAT) model and MITgcm (MIT General Circulation Model). 

The project involved an Anglo-French collaboration between QUEST and INSU (Institut national des sciences de l'univers). The project responded to a call to “explain the major changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane concentration over glacial-interglacial timescales”. The project had three strands. In the first strand, tools to improve understanding and modelling of methane were worked on; this included improvements to models, as well as new constraining datasets. In the second strand, similar improvements for CO2 were to be made. The third strand included model simulations and a major data compilation covering the 800,000 year ice core period.

Much of the early research in this project used the simple Earth system model GENIE, which generally yields robust results. For example, CO2-forced transient simulations over 650,000 years reproduced Antarctic temperature anomalies with a high correlation, broadly capturing the QUEST Final Report, June 2011 22 magnitude of glacial-interglacial temperature changes. This study found that warm peaks in interglacials are consistent with changes in the meridional overturning circulation.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
Hourly climate data from 23 stations on Kilimanjaro (East Africa) over three years - Version 1.0

Data were collected under the NERC funded project - The role of land-use change on influencing mountain climate on Kilimanjaro, East Africa (NE/J013366/1) - lead by Dr Nicholas Pepin (University of Portsmouth) which investigated the influence of land-use on surface climate (temperature and moisture availability) on Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa.

Temperature and relative humidity (RH) data were collected hourly from 23 stations located on Mount Kilimanjaro between September 2012 to September 2015.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
RAPID Circulation Overflow and Deep Convection Studies in the Nordic Seas Tracers and Models data

"The Circulation, overflow, and deep convection studies in the Nordic Seas using tracers and models" project was a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) RAPID Climate Change Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00446 - Duration 1 Aug 2003 - 31 Oct 2006 ) led by Prof Andrew Watson of the University of East Anglia, also with co-investigators at the University of East Anglia. Dataset contains sources of water in the Greenland-Scotland overflows: recent tracer release and transient tracer observations, as well as the initiation of convection and its relation to submesoscale hydrodynamics. 

This dataset collection contains MIT General Circulation Model (MITgcm) ocean model basin and channel experiment outputs.

The project investigated two aspects of the Nordic Seas circulation of importance to the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC): (1) Sources of water in the Greenland-Scotland overflows: recent tracer release and transient tracer observations were used to constrain inverse models of the sources of Denmark Straits and Faroe-Bank channel overflow waters. (2) The initiation of convection and its relation to submesoscale hydrodynamics: very high-resolution non-hydrostatic models for the Central Greenland Sea were used to model recent observations, which show convection to be intimately related to local sub-mesoscale structure.: The objective was to develop improved descriptions of convection for use in OGCMs, to more accurately describe how the sinking branch of the MOC will be affected by changes in forcing.

Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) was a £20 million, six-year (2001-2007) programme for the Natural Environment Research Council. The programme aimed to improve the ability to quantify the probability and magnitude of future rapid change in climate, with a main (but not exclusive) focus on the role of the Atlantic Ocean's Thermohaline Circulation.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
Co-ordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics (CAST): In-situ airborne, ozonesonde and ground based and atmospheric chemistry measurements

The CAST dataset contains data produced by the the NERC Co-ordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics (CAST) project. CAST was a collaborative initiative with NASA's Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) programme to study the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) over the Pacific Ocean and South East Asia. 

This data collection includes airborne measurements made by the FAAM (Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements) BAe-146 aircraft whilst deployed in Guam in Jan/Feb 2014 during coordinated flights with NASA's Global Hawk making corresponding in situ measurements in the TTL over the West Pacific. In addition to these in situ aircraft measurements, the dataset comprises  balloon-based measurements of ozone and ground-based ozone, CO2, CH4, CO and very short-lived halogen species. A complementary group of regional high resolution models, global composition models and a global cirrus model will also be used to address fundamental questions related to atmospheric composition, radiation and transport.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
COBRA (impact of COmbined iodine and Bromine Release on the Arctic atmosphere): Air-Surface Interactions Properties measurements from Airborne, Ground-based and Laboratory instrumentation

COBRA (impact of COmbined iodine and Bromine Release on the Arctic atmosphere) is a UK IPY (International Polar Year) consortium that aims to investigate the release mechanisms of iodine in the Arctic and the potential combined effects of iodine and bromine on its atmosphere. The team measured reactive inorganic halogens (BrO, IO, OIO, I2), O3, Hg, HOx, HCHO, NOx, VOCs and reactive halocarbons from temporary laboratories located on the eastern shore of Hudson Bay, north of Kuujjuarapik, during February-March 2008. Met balloons and O3 sondes were launched daily. COBRA set up an ice camp and flux chamber experiments ~500 m into the bay to directly measure halogen emissions and ozone deposition, and measured physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the sea-ice (and potentially of frost flowers) at different depths. The project is linked with OOTI, which carried out a simultaneous field experiment at Kuujjuarapik.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
ACSOE OXICOA EASE-96 and EASE-97: Airborne and Ground-based Measurements of Atmospheric Oxidants

The Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE) was a 5-year Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) programme on tropospheric chemistry coordinated by the University of East Anglia and involving research groups from a number of UK universities and research institutes. The project had three consortia of UK institutes and universities, each of which focused on a different scientific topic. OXICOA (OXIdising Capacity of the Ocean Atmosphere) was a study of oxidant, radical and related gas-phase chemistry in the clean and moderately polluted marine atmosphere. The Eastern Atlantic Spring/Summer Experiments (EASE-96 and EASE-97) were carried to collect data. The dataset includes measurements of the OH and HO2 radicals, measurements of halogen oxide radicals at Mace Head in conjunction with a survey of potential organic halogen source gases. In EASE 96 the Cranfield Jetstream aircraft was deployed to measure the vertical and horizontal homogeneity of the air mass.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
Arctic Biosphere-Atmosphere Coupling at multiple Scales (ABACUS) project: Plant, Soil, Atmospheric and Aircraft Measurements and Modelling data

ABACUS (Arctic Biosphere Atmosphere Coupling at Multiple Scales) is funded by a grant (NE/D005795/1) from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) International Polar Year (IPY) Programme. The ABACUS research project is a major, linked programme of plant and soil studies, atmospheric measurements, aircraft and satellite observations, and modelling, to improve our understanding of the response of the arctic terrestrial biosphere to climate change. The data collected includes root measurements and isotope ratios of plants, CH4 emissions of soils, measurements of Carbon and water exchanges between soils/vegetation and the atmosphere at fine scales (resolution of ~1m), and at scales of ~100m,  records of snow depth, soil moisture and climate, and aircraft images of the land surface and profiles of CH4. Observations and measurements of the carbon budget and the carbon exchange between soil, plants and atmosphere in terrestrial Arctic ecosystems were collected at 4 field sites with different ecosystems near Abisko (Northern Sweden) and Petsikko/Kevo (Northern Finland) between 2007 and 2009. 
Plant data has so far been archived at the BADC.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
RAPID The Role of Air-Sea Forcing in Causing Rapid Changes in the North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation model output

"The Role of Air-Sea Forcing in Causing Rapid Changes in the North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation" project was a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) RAPID Climate Change Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00427 - Duration 16 Feb 2004 - 15 Oct 2007) led by Dr Simon Josey of National Ocenaography Centre, with co-investigators also at the National Oceanography Centre.

This dataset collections contains analysis of coupled model output of surface forcing variability in ocean circulation.

The main aims of this proposal were to determine the role that surface forcing variability plays in causing rapid changes in the ocean circulation and to examine the effect of such changes on climate. These issues are addressed through a combined analysis of coupled model output and observational datasets. The focus of the analysis was in the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) although the results have been interpreted in the broader context of the global climate system. Variations in the air-sea fluxes of surface heat and freshwater have the potential to cause rapid changes in the ocean circulation eg through their influence on deep convection. However, the relationship between surface forcing variability and rapid changes in the ocean remains to be properly determined; our goal was to significantly improve understanding of this area.

Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) was a £20 million, six-year (2001-2007) programme for the Natural Environment Research Council. The programme aimed to improve the ability to quantify the probability and magnitude of future rapid change in climate, with a main (but not exclusive) focus on the role of the Atlantic Ocean's Thermohaline Circulation

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
QUACC: UK Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) Model Outputs

QUAAC was led by Prof John Pyle (University of Cambridge), with 11 co-investigators at the Universities of Sheffield, Leeds, York, Lancaster and Manchester, and from CEH.

The dataset collection includes results of the development and testing of chemistry and aerosol schemes to include in a climate model, a range of schemes to describe (interactively wherever possible) surface emissions of reactive trace gases, and new surface deposition schemes.

Coupling between the chemistry/climate system and land surface processes are important controls on the atmosphere, but chemical schemes have only recently and simplistically been introduced into numerical models. QUAAC studied the role of surface processes on atmospheric oxidizing capacity and aerosol loading, building on an existing Met Office/NERC initiative to develop a new community model, UKCA, to study the interaction between climate and atmospheric composition.

New chemistry and aerosol schemes were developed for inclusion in the model. Schemes were also developed to describe (interactively wherever possible) surface emissions of reactive trace gases and deposition processes.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
QUEST Fish: biomass estimates in four weight categories for exclusive economic zones

QUEST Fish was led by Dr Manuel Barange (PML) with 18 co-investigators from POL, PML, CEFAS, University of Plymouth, University of Portsmouth, CSIC (Spain), UEA, WorldFish Centre, IPSL, ICES (Denmark), Met Office, IRD (Paris) and University of North Carolina, as part of QUEST (Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System)

This dataset collection contains global fish biomass estimates from the Global Coastal-Ocean Modelling System.

QUEST-Fish has delivered a near-global assessment of consequences of climate change for fisheries, demonstrating excellent and innovative bridging of marine biogeochemistry models and socio-economics. QUEST-Fish specifically focused on the added impacts that climate change is likely to cause on global fish production, and on the subsequent additional risks and vulnerabilities to human societies.

The team have demonstrated the broad capability of an integrated regional coastal/shelf seas model system. The physical-ecological POLCOMS-ERSEM model that underpinned the research was developed for Europe’s regional seas. Its application to 20 Large Marine Ecosystems (coastal bioregions) worldwide, covering two-thirds of the world’s fish catch, has been critically evaluated and found adequate for most regions (the physical and biogeochemical differences of the upwelling region off Peru presents challenges, with the climate impact likely to be over-expressed in the fisheries projection output).

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
PalaeoQUMP (Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System - Using Palaeodata to Quantify Uncertainties in Model Prediction): Global Charcoal Database

PalaeoQUMP was headed by Prof Sandy Harrison of the University of Bristol, with co-investigators at the University of Southampton and Durham University, as part of QUEST (Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System).

This dataset collection contains data from charcoal records that have been compiled for the Mediterranean, Black Sea-Caspian and Sea corridor region.

PalaeoQUMP aimed to constrain climate sensitivity by using a wider range of derived climate observations from the geological past (reconstructions from sediments and geomorphological changes for the Last Glacial Maximum and the mid-Holocene period), to evaluate climate model predictions generated using the same series of simulations as QUMP produced for the modern climate. The mid-Holocene and LGM climate reconstructions have been completed, with input from the PMIP Quantitative Reconstruction working group. Robust patterns evident in the data sets are being used as benchmarks and targets for the IPCC AR5 palaeoclimate simulations. The team has also produced the first coupled model (AOGCM) perturbed physics ensemble simulations of the MH and LGM. However the objective of using this data for an improved understanding of past climate to better constrain climate sensitivity has not yet been fully achieved.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
RONOCO (ROle of Nighttime chemistry in controlling the Oxidising Capacity of the AtmOsphere): In-situ airborne atmospheric chemistry and air quality unified model runs output

Atmospheric chemistry measurements were made during a series of campaign flights by the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements' (FAAM) BAE-146 research aircraft as part of the NERC funded RONOCO (ROle of Nighttime chemistry in controlling the Oxidising Capacity of the AtmOsphere) consortium project. These campaign data are available along with model output from the Met Office's Air Quality Unified Model (AQUM). The scientific objectives of RONOCO were to determine the morphology of tropospheric NO3 in different meteorological conditions and seasons, and in a range of gas phase and aerosol environments, in order to quantify the key processes and pathways of oxidized nitrogen chemistry at night in the troposphere. The ultimate aim was to assess the pervasiveness and importance of night time chemical processes, and in particular NO3, for UK regional and Western European air quality, eutrophication, and ultimately to quantify its linkages to climate change.

The dataset contains images from the model output in png format.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis