AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
BORTAS: In-situ Atmospheric Airborne and model data

The Quantifying the impact of BOReal forest fires on Tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic using Aircraft and Satellites (BORTAS) project provides information on the connection between the composition and the distribution of biomass burning outflow, ozone production and loss within the outflow, and the resulting perturbation to oxidant chemistry in the troposphere. The BORTAS team sampled biomass burning outflow over the North Atlantic in summer 2011 the using Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraft. The data were then used to describe the observed chemistry within plumes and to quantify the impact of boreal fires on the North Atlantic region using a nested 3-D chemistry transport model.

This dataset contains atmospheric aircraft and model data.

Science Objectives of BORTAS:

-Sample biomass burning outflow from boreal North America over the western boundary of the North Atlantic during summer 2011 using the FAAM BAe146 aircraft;
-Describe observed chemistry within plumes by using the measurements to constrain the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM), with particular attention to the NOy and organic chemistry;
-Derive a reduced chemical mechanism suitable for a global Chemical Transport Model (CTM) that accurately describes chemistry within the plumes;
-Quantify the impact of boreal forest fires on oxidant chemistry over the temperate and subtropical Atlantic using a nested 3-D chemistry transport model, driven by a subset of MCM chemistry and by assimilated field measurements; and
-Detect, validate and quantify the impact of boreal biomass burning on global tropospheric composition using data from space-borne sensors.

The FAAM airborne sampling element of the BORTAS project took place in July and August 2011.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
RAPID Improving our Ability to Predict Rapid Changes in the El Nino Southern Oscillation Climatic Phenomenon: HADCM3 model output

"Improving our ability to predict rapid changes in the El Nino Southern Oscillation climatic phenomenon" project, which was a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) RAPID Climate Change Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00443 - Duration 1 Jan 2004 - 30 Sep 2007) led by Prof Alexander Tudhope of the University of Edinburgh, with co-investigators at the Scottish Universities Environment Research Centre, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, and the University of Reading. 

This dataset collection contains HadCM3 model outputs.

The objective was to use a combination of palaeoclimate reconstruction from annually-banded corals and the fully coupled HadCM3 atmosphere-ocean general circulation model to develop an understanding of the controls on variability in the strength and frequency of ENSO, and to improve our ability to predict the likelihood of future rapid changes in this important element of the climate system. To achieve this, three periods were targeted:

a) 0-2.5 ka: Representative of near-modern climate forcing; revealing the internal variability in the system.
b) 6-9 ka: a period of weak or absent ENSO, and different orbital forcing; a test of the model's ability to capture externally-forced change in ENSO.
c) 200-2100 AD: by using the palaeo periods to test and optimise model parameterisation, produce a new, improved, prediction of ENSO variability in a warming world.

Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) was a £20 million, six-year (2001-2007) programme for the Natural Environment Research Council. The programme aimed to improve the ability to quantify the probability and magnitude of future rapid change in climate, with a main (but not exclusive) focus on the role of the Atlantic Ocean's Thermohaline Circulation.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
RAPID IOSMAP: Numerical model and observational water isotope data

Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) was a £20 million, six-year (2001-2007) programme for the Natural Environment Research Council. The programme aimed to improve the ability to quantify the probability and magnitude of future rapid change in climate, with a main (but not exclusive) focus on the role of the Atlantic Ocean's Thermohaline Circulation.


This dataset collection contains comparison of high-resolution isotope records from terrestrial archives in NW Europe with model simulations of isotopes in precipitation.

The aims of the proposal were to compare high-resolution isotope records from terrestrial archives in NW Europe with model simulations of isotopes in precipitation in order to investigate the role of different forcing factors in rapid climate change during the late glacial and Holocene and to undertake model validation. The proposal constitutes a UK contribution to the PAGES ISOMAP initiative. A water isotope model was developed for the UK Hadley centre model HadCM3. Comparisons have been made between simulations of the isotopic composition of precipitation during periods of rapid climatic change and reconstructions from well-dated and well-calibrated palaeo-archives (lake sediments, peat and speleothem) generated in this study and obtained from the literature, in order to investigate the causes and nature of abrupt climatic events.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
ACSOE OXICOA - TACIA Joint Programme: Airborne Gas Photochemistry Measurements Data from onboard the MRF C-130 in 1996 and 1997

The Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE) was a 5-year Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) programme on tropospheric chemistry coordinated by the University of East Anglia and involving research groups from a number of UK universities and research institutes. The project had three consortia of UK institutes and universities, each of which focused on a different scientific topic. OXICOA (OXIdising Capacity of the Ocean Atmosphere) was a study of oxidant, radical and related gas-phase chemistry in the clean and moderately polluted marine atmosphere. The Testing Atmospheric Chemistry in Anticyclone (TACIA) project as part of the ACSOE-OXICOA program was carried to collect data. The dataset was collected by the C-130 research aircraft; a former transport aircraft operated by the Meteorological Research Flight (MRF), and includes in situ trace gas photochemistry measurements.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
RAPID The Processes controlling dense water formation and transport on Arctic continental shelves: ice and tides output data from POLCOMS-CICE model

"The Processes controlling dense water formation and transport on Arctic continental shelves". This Project was led by Prof Andrew Willmott of the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, with co-investigators at the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory and Keele University. 

This dataset collection contains parameterisations for dense water production in polynyas for application in non-polynya resolving ocean circulation models, and results of the testing of these in a coupled sea ice-shelf sea POLCOMS-CICE model of the Barents Sea.

The Barents Sea is an important site for the production of dense intermediate water. Up to one half of this intermediate water flows into the North Atlantic over the Scotland-Greenland Ridge, constituting an important branch of the global thermohaline circulation. The presence of numerous coastal polynyas and the relatively low river input into the Barents Sea explain why this region is a significant site for water for water mass transformation. Parameterisations for dense water production in polynyas for application in non-polynya resolving ocean circulation models, were developed and tested in a coupled sea ice-shelf sea model of the Barents Sea. The latter were used to study present day water mass transformation processes and to predict how they will change in a warmer climate.

Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) was a £20 million, six-year (2001-2007) programme for the Natural Environment Research Council. The programme aimed to improve the ability to quantify the probability and magnitude of future rapid change in climate, with a main (but not exclusive) focus on the role of the Atlantic Ocean's Thermohaline Circulation.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
RAPID: Numerical meteorological model output data from the HadCM3 control ensemble

Data from "The Predictability of rapid climate change associated with the Atlantic thermohaline circulation" project. This was a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) RAPID Climate Change Research Programme project (Round 2 - NE/C509174/1 - Duration 1 Jan 2005 - 18 Sep 2008) led by Prof Rowan Sutton of the University of Reading, with co-investigators at the University of Oxford and at the National Oceanography Centre. The dataset identifies the dominant sources of uncertainty in General Circulation Model predictions of the Thermohaline Circulation. 

This dataset contains meteorology model output from the HadCM3 control ensemble.

Forecasts of the future behaviour of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation (THC) are needed to inform policy on climate change. Such forecasts must be probabilistic taking into account the principal sources of uncertainty. It is not possible to sample exhaustively all sources of uncertainty because the number of degrees of freedom is too great. Consequently a future forecasting system will be reliant on strategies to identify those dimensions of uncertainty that are most important. This project developed an objective methodology to identify the dominant sources of uncertainty in General Circulation Model predictions of the THC. Perturbations to oceanic initial conditions and climate model parameters that generate the most rapid change in the THC and related aspects of climate were identified. These perturbations were used to produce an early probabilistic forecast for the behaviour of the THC up to 2100. The results were also feed directly into the next generation of ensemble climate predictions being developed at the UK Hadley Centre.

Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) was a £20 million, six-year (2001-2007) programme for the Natural Environment Research Council. The programme aimed to improve the ability to quantify the probability and magnitude of future rapid change in climate, with a main (but not exclusive) focus on the role of the Atlantic Ocean's Thermohaline Circulation.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
Global 10 Year Monthly Climatology and Monthly Composites of Phytoplankton Size Class from SeaWiFS Analyses as part of the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) Theme 2 Sub-theme 6

This dataset collection contains a 10 year monthly climatology and monthly composites of the fractional contributions of three phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano- and picoplankton) over the globe for the period Sep 1997-2007, as produced by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) using SeaWIFs data. Accompanying maps are also available. 

This dataset contributes to fulfilling the first objective of the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) Theme 2 programme (Monitoring, Diagnosis and Prediction of the Global Carbon-Cycle), Quantification of ocean biogeochemistry and carbon fluxes sub-theme 6 (ST6): Quantify the global oceanic organic C cycle using OC data, partitioned into phytoplankton (pigments, biomass, size structure &amp; PFTs), particulate organic C, coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), dissolved and particulate inorganic components.

Understanding the interaction between phytoplankton and the in-water light field is crucial to model ocean primary production and to improve our comprehension of the role of biological processes in the ocean&#8211;carbon cycle. The absorption coefficient of phytoplankton is a fundamental quantity in marine primary production models because:
 - it alters the transmission of light underwater; 
 - it modifies the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton to available light; 
 - it can be used as a direct indicator of phytoplankton abundance and phytoplankton size;
 - it can be used as an indicator of environmental variability

It is well known that the phytoplankton absorption coefficient is a function of the dominant phytoplankton pigment, chlorophyll-a, and that this relationship is directly linked to changes in both pigment composition and size structure.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
NCEO atmospheric profiles retrieved from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument onboard ESA's Envisat satellite

This dataset contains atmospheric profiles from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat, processed with the Oxford L2 retrieval algorithm MORSE. This differs from the European Space Agency L2 products in that it uses an optimal estimation approach rather than a regularised least squares fit, and has additional molecules. The L1B spectra are made available by ESA approximately 2 weeks after acquisition and L2 processing takes another week or so depending on the number of orbits and observation mode.

The dataset was produced by Anu Dudhia, University of Oxford and National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO).

In the first processing version (v1.00-1.10) the following L2 products are generated: pT, H2O, O3, HNO3, CH4, N2O, NO2 (ie the ESA products), plus CFC-11, CFC-12, ClONO2, N2O5 and CO. However for the Middle Atmosphere (MA) and Upper Atmosphere (UA) mode data, only the ESA products plus CO are produced.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
ACSOE MAGE EAE-96 and EAE-97: Airborne, Shipborne and Ground-based Measurements of Aerosols and Gases in the Marine Boundary Layer

The Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE) Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange (MAGE) Eastern Atlantic Experiment (EAE) aimed to quantify input of Dimethyl sulphide (DMS) into a parcel of air, examine the oxidation of DMS and its reaction with nitrogen species with time, investigate the formation of new particles as a results of these transformations, and to discriminate between natural and anthropogenic fractions of sulphur and nitrogen using isotopic measurements. To meet these aims, numerous species of gases and aerosols in the marine boundary layer were measured on land from the Mace Head Research Station, on sea from the RSS Challenger and in the air from the Cranfield Jetstream Research Aircraft during two separate campaigns in 1996 and in 1997, and the observations are currently stored under this collection.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE): Historical Rainfall Data and Maps from the Quantifying Flood Risk of Extreme Events using Density Forecasts Based on a New Digital Archive and Weather Ensemble Predictions Project

The Quantifying Flood Risk of Extreme Events using Density Forecasts Based on a New Digital Archive and Weather Ensemble Predictions Project is a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 1 - NE/E002013/1 - Duration January 2007 - December 2008) led by Dr Patrick McSharry, University of Oxford. The dataset contains a collection of rainfall depth maxima data, dating back to 1860, plus associated description documents and rainfall maps of extreme events across the UK, have been used. All of these products have been digitised from the paper version of the British Rainfall publication, and are now archived at the BADC to enable easy access for future use and the wider community.

Floods in the UK are often caused by heavy rainfall lasting from minutes to weeks. Efficient management and mitigation of flood risk, especially surface water flooding in urban areas, requires accurate and reliable precipitation forecasts as inputs to flood risk models. Houses in flat areas are particularly at risk and meeting the shortage of houses in the south-east requires building on these areas. To estimate the flood hazard risk in order to try to protect these buildings, accurate rainfall predictions are needed. However, the connection between record rainfall and flooding is highly nonlinear, so that rainfall predictions must also say how likely rainfall is at any time - calculating the probability of rainfall.

Extreme rainfalls caused devastating floods in Boscastle in 2004 and Lynmouth in 1952, but the causes and pattern of rainfall was different. Therefore, scientists also need to know what pattern of rainfall caused the flooding.

This research aims to get good quality predictions of the probability of rainfall by combining advanced methods from statistics, the output from a new supercomputer model of the weather, and a new computer archive of exteme rainfalls going back to 1866 (and up to 1968), provided by a specialist company Hydro-GIS Ltd. It also aims to produce an automatic system for discovering the most likely pattern in the predicted rainfalls. The new prediction system and data will be freely available over the internet for use by the government and universities.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS): real-time numerical weather prediction model output at 4.5 and 6km resolution for the Antarctic

The Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) is an experimental, real-time numerical weather prediction capability that provides support for the United States Antarctic Program, Antarctic science, and international Antarctic efforts. AMPS produces numerical guidance from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with twice-daily forecasts covering Antarctica. The effort is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs and the NSF UCAR and Lower Atmospheric Facilities Oversight Section. It is a collaboration of the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Byrd Polar Research Center of The Ohio State University.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
UKCP09: Land and marine past climate and future scenario projections data for the UK

Past (observed) climate and future climate scenario projections data that were produced as part of the UK climate projections 2009 (UKCP09) service. The data produced by the UK Met Office providing information on plausible changes in 21st century climate for the UK helping to inform on adaptation to a changing climate. A UKCP09 website provided climate information for the UK and its regions. Through the website user interface climate statistics over the UK could be calculated dynamically. The data that informs these calculations is made available here.

UKCP09 provides future climate projections for land and marine regions as well as observed (past) climate data for the UK. Additionally a copy of the projections csv archive is provided. These are zip files of batch processed UKCP09 data outputs.

The projections improve upon the previous climate projections (UKCIP 2002) by incorporating more recent scientific understanding, providing data at a higher spatial resolution and providing an approach to dealing with uncertainties through probabilistic projections.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
RAPID Quantitative applications of high-resolution late Holocene proxy data sets: estimating climate sensitivity and thermohaline circulation influences numerical model and observational data

This collection contains data from "The Quantitative applications of high-resolution late Holocene proxy data sets: estimating climate sensitivity and thermohaline circulation influences" project, which was a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) RAPID Climate Change Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00440 - Duration 1 Jul 2003 - 30 Jun 2008) led by Prof Keith Briffa of the University of East Anglia, with co-investigators at the University of East Anglia.

This dataset collection contains self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index data.

This project analysed the output from state-of-the-art coupled climate models in conjunction with very long instrumental climate data and an extensive archive of annual- and selected decadal-resolution palaeoclimate data to study climate changes during the past millennium. Actual and model-derived synthetic networks of palaeoclimate data have been used to estimate the extent to which (i) variations in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation strength; (ii) variations in the North Atlantic Oscillation; and (iii) the sensitivity of climate to external forcing changes can be reconstructed from different networks of palaeoclimate data, making assumptions about coverage, seasonality of response and reliability of expressed climate signal.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
Process Based Earth System Model Evaluation: Gridded Global Surface Ozone Metrics and Precursor species data collection for Atmospheric Chemistry Model Evaluation

This dataset collection presents a global surface ozone compilation for long-term trends and ESM (Earth System Model) evaluation.

The project (Process Based Earth System Model Evaluation) brought together all publicly available surface ozone observations from online databases from the modern era to build a consistent dataset for the evaluation of chemical transport and chemistry-climate (Earth System) models for projects such as the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) and Aer-Chem-MIP.  

From a total dataset of approximately 6600 sites and 500 million hourly observations from 1971-2015, approximately 2200 sites and 200 million hourly observations pass screening as high-quality sites in regional background locations that are appropriate for use in global model evaluation. There was generally good data volume in the datasets since the start of air quality monitoring networks in 1990 through to 2013. Ozone observations are biased heavily toward North America and Europe with sparse coverage over the rest of the globe.  

This dataset collection was made available for the purposes of model evaluation as a set of gridded metrics intended to describe the distribution of ozone concentrations on monthly and annual timescales. This collection currently holds version 2.4 data only, but future versions may follow.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
UK SOLAS Dust Outflow and Deposition to the Ocean (DODO) FAAM Aircraft campaign

The UK SOLAS Dust Outflow and Deposition to the Ocean (DODO) project aimed at quantifying the chemical and microphysical properties of Saharan dust in the tropical Atlantic region.

Case studies were conducted using in situ measurements made by the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft to predict dust deposition to the northern hemisphere Atlantic Ocean. These studies aimed at describing how changing chemical and physical properties in the dust affect its long range transport and also assessed the radiative impact of the dust and its effect on sea surface temperatures in nutrient rich waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The dust sources were fingerprinted using single particle characterisation and by assessing their main composition. The climatological representativeness of the studies will be assessed and used to predict the seasonal footprint of dust deposition to the north Atlantic Ocean. 

Two aircraft campaigns using the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) aircraft were conducted:

- DODO 1 in association with the DABEX campaign from Dakar in Jan-Feb. 2006 
- DODO2 in association with the AMMA campaign from Dakar in Sep-Oct. 2006.

Measurements have included Chemical composition, microphysics and optical properties of aerosols, Radiative fluxes, Trace gas chemistry.

Organization: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis