AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Soil organic matter dynamics under altered precipitation in a dry Scots pine forest

Project description:
Forest soils are among the largest terrestrial carbon pools. How soil carbon (C) responds to changing water availability is still poorly understood, particularly in already water-limited systems. This project investigates the composition and persistence of soil organic matter (SOM) and associated microbial communities in a dry inner-Alpine Scots pine forest exposed to long-term changes in precipitation and atmospheric demand. Earlier work showed that 19 years of irrigation redistributed bulk soil C from the organic layer into the mineral soil. Although total soil C stocks remained unchanged, a higher incorporation into mineral soils may increase long-term C storage (Guidi et al., 2022; Minich et al., 2026). We now ask, how persistent this redistributed C is, in which soil C fraction (particulate or mineral-associated) it resides, and which microbial communities are associated with it.
The work is based at Pfynwald, where a long-term irrigation experiment (since 2003) and the recently installed [VPDrought platform](https://vpdrought.wsl.ch/de/) together span three precipitation regimes (≈300, 600, and 1200 mm per year) crossed with manipulation of atmospheric vapour-pressure deficit. This setup allows us to disentangle the effects of soil and atmospheric drought, which typically co-vary in nature but may shape soil carbon dynamics through distinct pathways. SOM is separated by physical fractionation into particulate (POM) and mineral-associated (MAOM) fractions, characterized through elemental and isotopic analyses (C, N, δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, ¹⁴C) and fraction-specific microbial community profiling. At the bulk soil level, we measure nutrient pools and extracellular enzyme activities, continue year-round soil respiration, and complement them by CH4 fluxes. Together, these data will reveal how soil carbon stocks and microbial processing respond to changing precipitation in a water-limited pine forest.

Tags: drought, microbial-communities, pfynwald, radiocarbon, som
Historical Vegetation Height Model NFI

The main datasets available are 4 nationwide **Digital Surface Models (DSMs)** and corresponding **Vegetation Height Models (VHMs)** with a spatial resolution of 1 m.
The Vegetation Height Models are calculated by subtraction of a Digital Terrain Model (swissAlti3d version 2017, swisstopo) from the generated DSMs. DSMs were derived by image matching of **scanned historical images** (panchromatic 8-bit) acquired with a RC10 frame camera, in the context of the swisswide image acquisition campaigns of swisstopo.
Nationwide products could be generated for the **four epochs** 
 1979-1985 / 1985-1991 / 1990-1998 / 1998-2006.
Additional information about successful image matching vs. interpolation of pixels and about the year of image acquisition are available in the corresponding files (**matched_area_xxxx_xxxx_binay.tif** and **meta_acquisition_year_xxxx_xxxx.json**, respectively).
To separate vegetation from non-vegetation areas a mask derived from a combination of information of the Topographic landscape model - TLM (swisstopo) and a NDVI layer was used and is supplied as **"TLM_mask.tif"**
Due to the occurrence of unrealistic vegetation height values caused by the failure of the image matching process (mainly overexposed images and clouds or very steep rocky terrain), pixel values - 60 m were set to NoData and - 0 m to 0. 
All datasets are available in the Reference System **LV95 (EPSG: 2056) LN02 (EPSG: 5728)** and share the common **extent definition** (xmin ymin xmax ymax): 2480000 1070000 2840000 1300000

Tags: dsm, forest, historical, nfi, photogrammetry, vhm
Vegetation Height Model LiDAR NFI

Countrywide **vegetation height models (VHM)** were generated for Switzerland based on
LiDAR data acquired in the framework of the **swissSURFACE3D** campaign (swisstopo). 
To derive vegetation height, the classified point cloud got normalized by calculating height above ground for all points not belonging to the class ground (2). Vegetation point (class 3,4,5) got then rasterized to a grid size of 0.5 m using an interpolation distance of one grid cell. Raster cells not belonging to a vegetation class got set to 0 m above ground.
These VHM's are produced in the framework of the Swiss National forest Inventory (NFI). 
Each year about 1/6 of switzerland surface is updated using swissSURFACE3D data in leaf-off state.

Tags: forest, nfi, point-cloud, three-dimensional, vegetation, vegetation-classification, vegetation-height
Restorative locations from participatory mapping by Swiss residents

The data show locations of the most recent outdoor activity (referred to as restorative location, RL) of Swiss residents, and descriptive characteristics of these places. The data was collected via an online participatory mapping survey targeting residents of urban, peri-urban, and rural areas across Switzerland. Respondents were selected using a stratified random sampling method, considering the greenness and noise exposure of their home locations, and demographic factors such as age, gender, and language region. 
The survey was conducted using Maptionnaire software (https://maptionnaire.com). Participants were asked to map the location of their most recent outdoor activity (referred to as restorative location, RL) and provide additional information on their experience in these places. The responses were integrated with the quantitative spatial information (biophysical landscape characteristics, referred to as metrics) on the visited locations, obtained from spatial and remote sensing data.

Tags: gis-analysis, quiet-areas, restorative-environments, sensory-perception, soundscape, traffic-noise
Optimizing renewable energy siting in the Swiss landscape

This study examines the siting scenarios for renewable energy infrastructure (REI) in Switzerland, incorporating the external costs of ecosystem services and, innovatively, social preferences. This approach challenges the prevalent techno-economic siting paradigm, which often overlooks these externalities. To minimize the external costs of the scenarios while maximizing energy yield, Marxan, an optimization software, was employed. 
MARXAN was run for 2 versions: a) without ground-mounted open space PV infrastructure (excl. OS) and b) with ground-mounted open space PV infrastructure (incl. OS). In each version optimization was done using ecological costs (ECUess) or social costs (ECUsoc) in a regular grid of 4x4km (planning unit).
File: 
PU_data.shp: compressed Shapefile (ESRI) from the MARXAN optimization with 2216 rows (objects) and 18 columns (variables) with sf (simple feature) and data frame classes.
Headers are described below:
X01 = Planning_units (PUs)
X02 = incl.OS. number of times pu was selected in MARXAN  when optimized for ecological costs
X03 = incl.OS. number of times pu was selected in MARXAN when optimized for social  costs
X04 = incl.OS. ecological costs (ECUess) of pu when realizing the total energy (normalized)
X05 = incl.OS. social costs (ECUsoc) of pu when realizing the total energy (normalized)
X06 = incl.OS. total energy (MWh/a)
X07 = incl.OS. energy from roof-mounted PV infrastructure (MWh/a)
X08 = incl.OS. energy from wind turbines (MWh/a)
X09 = incl.OS. energy from ground-mounted PV infrastructure (MWh/a)
          
X10 = excl.OS. number of times pu was selected in MARXAN  when optimized for ecological costs
X11 = excl.OS. number of times pu was selected in MARXAN when optimized for social  costs
X12 = excl.OS. ecological costs (ECUess) of pu when realizing the total energy (normalized)
X13 = excl.OS. social costs (ECUsoc) of pu when realizing the total energy (normalized)
X14 = excl.OS. total energy (MWh/a)
X15 = excl.OS. energy from roof-mounted PV infrastructure (MWh/a)
X16 = excl.OS. energy from wind turbines (MWh/a)
X17 = excl.OS. energy from ground-mounted PV infrastructure (MWh/a)
geometry = Simple feature XY geometry (SFC_POINT) each representing the center of a 4x4km planning unit (PU) in EPSG 21781 (CRS CH1903 / LV03).
For MARXAN optimizations (for meaning of standard files in MARXAN see https://scholar.google.ch/scholar_url?url=https://courses.washington.edu/cfr590/software/Marxan1810/marxan_manual_1_8_2.pdf&hl=de&sa=X&ei=NAWHZI6JJ8PFmAGMo47oDQ&scisig=AGlGAw-DBrsV4kUzkR6GkN1jtG66&oi=scholarr), pu_data.shp was used to generate MARXAN files input.dat, pu.dat, puvfeat.dat, spec.dat. 
Coordinate Reference System: CH1903 / LV03. EPSG: 21781.

Tags: ecosystem-services, energy, landscape, marxan, optimization, photovoltaic, social-acceptance, spatial-planning, wind-power
Regional bark beetle windthrow and snow breakage disturbance predisposition maps

Regional disturbance predisposition maps for windthrow, bark beetle and snow breakage. The maps are created using spatially explicit data of classified forest structure and site factor parameters. The classified input parameters were weighted according to their effect on windthrow, bark beetle and snow breakage predisposition using an expert-based model. The predisposition raster maps (10 x 10 m) represent the sum of expert-weighted effects on the predisposition and are provided as raw values (sum of the effects on predisposition) and as classified layers.
Classified predisposition maps are encoded as follows:
1: low predisposition (-50% quantile based on raw predisposition values)
2: increased predisposition (50–75% quantile)
3: high predisposition (-75–95% quantile)
4: extreme predisposition (-95% quantile)
Also included are the derived forest structure maps for development stage, dominant stand height, number of stems and canopy cover used for the predisposition mapping, as well as the R scripts and example data to re-create these parameters. Forest structure parameters are based on a data set of individual trees detected using a high-resolution vegetation height model. Further included are ArcPy scripts and example data to re-create the predisposition maps. Running the ArcPy scripts requires a valid ArcGis license including the extensions "SpatialAnalyst", "ImageAnalyst" and "3D".
The example data provided here is assembled from different sources; please check the related publication Bührle et al. (in review) for data sources and further information about the processing, the expert-based model, the forest structure derivation and the predisposition mapping.
Also consider reviewing the related datasets and publications Bast et al. (2025) for more information about canopy layering derivation and individual tree detection (ITD).

Tags: als, bark-beetle, canopy-cover, development-stage, forest-structure, itd, predisposition, predisposition-mapping, snow-breakage, stand-height, stem-number, tree-detection, windthrow
Storylines of the March 2022 heatwave event at Concordia - East Antarctica

This dataset contains the input data generated for the pseudo-global warming (PGW) experiments used in the study of the March 2022 Antarctic heatwave with the CRYOWRF model. It includes:
- PGW delta fields derived from CMIP6 simulations, used to perturb ERA5 reanalysis data for past and  future storyline experiments.
- Model configuration files required to reproduce the CRYOWRF simulations.
These resources allow researchers to reproduce the experimental setup and generate model outputs consistent with the results presented in the study.

Tags: antarctica, atmospheric-rivers, climate-change, cmip6, era5, event-attribution, extreme-events, heatwave
Individual Detected Trees

This dataset provides individual detected trees for selected Swiss Cantons (Appenzell Outer-Rhodes - AR, Grisons - GR, Nidwald - NW, Obwald - OW and St. Gall - SG), including the derived diameter at breast height and the derived NFI development stage. Data show the Individual detected trees (ITD) with the x- and y-positions of each detected tree based on a spike-free vegetation height model based on nationwide LiDAR data. The shapefile contains the following attributes: tree height [m] (Height), estimated diameter at breast height [cm] (BHD), and the NFI development stage (Ent; 1: young growth/thicket (- 12 cm); 2: pole timber (12-30 cm); 3: young timber (31-40 cm); 4: medium timber (41-50 cm); 5: old timber (- 50 cm).

Tags: development-stage, forest-management, forest-structure, itd, mountain-forest, nfi
Gridded projections of snow depth for Switzerland

This dataset contains gridded snow depth projections for Switzerland at 1km X 1km resolution. This study was supported by Speed2Zero. The dataset contains the following structure:
- data/data_reference/hs_reference_1991_2020.nc
- data/data_projection_flat/hs_projection_flat.nc
- data/data_projection_aspect/hs_projection_aspect.nc
The data is based on climatological SPASS dataset (Marty et al., 2015) using the reference period 1991-2020. For this reference data, median snow depth evolution, as well as 5th and 95th percentile were computed for each grid point and can be found in this dataset (data/data_reference/*). Future snow depth evolutions for the flat field (data/data_projection_flat/*) were projected for the temperature scenarios +1°C, +2°C, +3°C and +4°C (deviation from 1991-2020 annual mean temperature in Switzerland) following the literature-based approach of Richter and Marty, 2026. Furthermore, this dataset contains gridded projections for north- and south-facing ascpects with a slope anle of 15° (data/data_projection_aspect/*). Detailed can be found in the related publication Richter et al., in preparation.
The files in this data set have a similar structure. Each file is a NetCDF-file containing snow depths (median, 5th, 95th percentile) for each day of the year, coordinate, temperature scenario (data_projection_flat and data_projection_aspect) and aspect (data_projection_aspect).
References:
Marty, C., Michel, A., Jonas, T., Steijn, C., Muelchi, R., and Kotlarski, S.: SPASS – new gridded climatological snow datasets for Switzerland: potential and limitations, The Cryosphere, 19, 4391–4407, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4391-2025, 2025. 
Richter, B. and Marty, C.: Technical note: Literature based approach to estimate future snow, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 30, 659–670, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-659-2026, 2026. 
Richter et al., Gridded snow depth projections, in prepration.

Tags: climate-change, climate-projections, future, gridded-data, scenario, snow, snow-depth, swiss-alps, switzerland
Validation Data for Rockfall Simulations with Geometric Roughness Model

This dataset contains all necessary data to reproduce the validation simulations performed in the linked manuscript. 
The validation data includes:
- 2 cm DEM of the study site Weissfluhjoch. For the 3 cm DEM of the study site Chant Sura, see [this dataset](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.174).
- roughness index rasters for both study sites
- rock point clouds of EOTA and Real Equant shapes
- release points used in the validation simulations of both study sites
- a sample XML input file for the rockfall simulator

Tags: natural-hazards, numerical-simulation, rockfall, surface-roughness, validation
IWET – Insect Weight Estimation Tool

Because of some corrections, a new version of the whole Dataset will be published soon.
We present a novel tool called IWET (Insect Weight Estimation Tool) for estimating morphometrics of arthropod samples using image analysis. IWET is a Java application built around ImageJ libraries and is designed to estimate length, width, area and body mass of individual arthropods from images of specimens sorted into pre-defined taxonomic groups. Using allometric relationships from Sohlströhm et al. (2018), we developed specific regression models to calculate both the individual body mass and the total biomass of arthropod taxonomic groups. IWET provides several advantages: it is non-destructive, cost-effective, and capable of processing large numbers of samples, making it particularly well-suited for biodiversity monitoring projects investigating changes in abundance and biomass, as well as for automating measurements such as specimen length, width and area.

Tags: allometric, arthropods, automatic-detection, biomass, body-size, image-analysis, temperate
ALAN Spongy Moth Laboratory Experiment

Data and Code for ALAN Spongy Moth lab experiment
In this repository you will find all the raw datasets used for the data analysis performed in our paper about the impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN) on the development of Spongy Moth caterpillars. The files are attached as a csv file.
Also attached is all the R-code later used for the statistical analysis and for generating the graphics displayed in the paper. This files are attached as an R.file.

Tags: alan, insect-development, lab-experiment, light-pollution, spongy-moth
Time serie of overland flow, topsoil interflow and stream flow in the Studibach Catchment and streamflow in the Erlenbach catchment - summer 2022

The dataset contains the time series of: overland flow (OF) and topsoil interflow (TIF) measured at two large runoff plots (8 m large by 10 m long), streamflow from two sub-catchments of the Studibach catchment, and streamflow from the outlet of the Studibach and Erlenbach catchments. The time series cover 12 rainfall events in the summer 2022.
OF, TIF and the streamflow of the sub-catchments and the Studibach catchment outlet were measured at a 5-min resolution. The streamflow at the Erlenbach catchment outlet was measured at 10-min resolution.
The precipitation was measured with a tipping bucket at the Erlenhöhe meteorological station and has a 10-min resolution.

Tags: alptal, erlenbach, overland-flow, runoff-plot, streamflow, studibach, topsoil-interflow, upscaling
ERRA -- an R script for Ensemble Rainfall-Runoff Analysis

ERRA is a data-driven, nonparametric, model-independent method for quantifying rainfall-runoff relationships across a spectrum of time lags, in systems that may be nonlinear, nonstationary, and spatially heterogeneous.
Researchers using ERRA in published work should cite J.W. Kirchner, "Characterizing nonlinear, nonstationary, and heterogeneous hydrologic behavior using Ensemble Rainfall-Runoff Analysis (ERRA): proof of concept", Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4427-2024, 2024 (for ERRA itself) and J.W. Kirchner, "Impulse response functions for nonlinear, nonstationary, and heterogeneous systems, estimated by deconvolution and de-mixing of noisy time series", Sensors, 22(9), 3291, https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093291, 2022 (for the underlying mathematics). 
This data set includes two versions of the ERRA script written in the open-source programming language R, a detailed user's guide, and sample scripts and source data for all of the results in Kirchner (2024). 
These scripts are made publicly available under GNU General Public License 3; for details see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.  The data and documentation are made available under Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike CC-BY-SA.
ETH Zurich, WSL, and James Kirchner make ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, including NO WARRANTIES, expressed or implied, that this software is free of errors or is suitable for any particular purpose. Users are solely responsible for determining the suitability and reliability of this software for their own purposes.

Tags: ecohydrology, hydrology, nonlinear-deconvolution, nonstationarity, precipitation, rainfall-runoff-modelling, streamflow, time-series
High resolution global standardized drought indices

The dataset consists of the standardized precipitation (SPI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) index with a 30 arcsec (~1km) horizontal resolution. 
Data for precipitation rates (pr) and potential evapotranspiration (pet) are taken from CHELSA V2.1 (https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.228.v2.1). Both data sets are monthly time series from 1980 to 2018 at 30 arcsec. and have the unit of kg m-2 month-1. SPEI is a more reliable measure of drought than SPI as it additionally considers the effect of potential evapotranspiration. Potential evapotranspiration (pet) is the amount of water per area per time that can evaporate at the soil surface or be transpired by plants in absence of water supply limitations. SPEI effectively estimates for a given location how the climatic water balance, i.e., the difference between precipitation rate (pr) and potential evapotranspiration (pet), relates to the long-term mean. Here, pet was calculated with the Penman-Montheith approach, assuming surface conductance of a reference crop of 12 cm height following the definition of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), originating from CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ database (https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.332). To obtain global time series of SPEI, in each pixel the frequency distribution of water balance estimates (pr-pet) is approximated with a log-logistic probability distribution function. We calculate monthly SPEI using a 12-month memory and approximate the parameters of the log-logistic probability distribution based on the time series from 1980-2018. Such a 12-month time window is suitable to capture long-term drought events that are long enough to impose substantial impacts on agriculture, hydrology, and ecosystems while ones at shorter time scales would be more appropriate to detect short-term drought. For each month, SPEI is calculated considering the respective water-balance value and the values of the eleven preceding months. Here we use SPEI-12 in December to represent the overall water-balance condition of the respective year. The resulting SPEI data has a horizontal resolution of 130 arcsec (~1km). The calculation of SPI and SPEI is done in R with the package SPEI (https://www.doi.org/10.32614/CRAN.package.SPEI).

Tags: chelsa, drought, extreme-events, megadrought, multi-year-drought, potential-evapotranspiration, precipitation
CH-POA300 -- Hourly Plane-of-Array Solar Irradiance at High Resolution for Switzerland

**CH-POA300** is a dataset of hourly solar irradiance maps projected onto tilted surfaces (analogous to monofacial solar panels).  
- **Spatial resolution:** 300 m  
- **Coverage:** Switzerland  
Two temporal extents are available, depending on the number of surface orientations (azimuth–tilt combinations):  
 1. Long-term  
- **Period:** 2004–2020  
- **Orientations:**  
  - Azimuth: 180° (South)  
  - Tilts: 0°, 35°, 60°, 90°  
 2. Typical year  
- **Period:** 2016  
- **Orientations:**  
  - Azimuths: 0° (North), 90° (East), 135°, 180° (South), 225°, 270° (West)  
  - Tilts: 0°, 3°, 8°, 15°, 25°, 35°, 45°, 60°, 80°, 90°  
 Notes
- Azimuth angles: 0° = North, 90° = East, 180° = South, 270° = West  
- Tilt angles: 0° = horizontal, 90° = vertical 
 Additional data
- Seasonal and annual statistics derived from the maps are included.  
- Methodology and quality assessment are documented in *CH-POA300-v-specs.pdf*.

Tags: agri-pv, alpine-pv, plane-of-array, rooftop-pv, solar-irradiance, speed2zero, sweet-edge