AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Precipitation sum April-August, period 2070-2099, Scenario RCP 4.5

The map shows the precipitation sum (in mm) for the months April to August calculated for the period 2070-2099. The precipitation anomalies of the climate scenario were added to the map «Precipitation April-August 1981-2010», derived from the standard value maps for precipitation from MeteoSwiss. Among the representative concentration pathways, RCP 4.5 with the model combination SMHI-RCA_MPIESM_EUR44 was selected as a projection for moderate climate change (NCCS 2018; Provision of the data by Remund et al. 2020) for the calculation of the precipitation sum in the future. The resulting map has a spatial resolution of 25 m x 25 m. It was used for modelling altitudinal belts of forest vegetation.
Protected areas in the civilian air navigation obstacles publication - Mirelandscapes

Under Art. 19 of the Off-Airport Landing Ordinance (AuLaV; SR 748.132.3), protected areas comprise national parks, raised and transition bogs, water and migratory bird reserves, fens, floodplains, federal hunting ban reserves, and mire landscapes of national importance in accordance with Art. 32h. Off-airport landings (taking off or landing, and picking up or setting down cargo or persons outside aerodromes as well as emergency landing exercises) is basically prohibited for manned aircraft on protected areas. Based on the specific restrictions and conditions that apply to off-airport landings, a distinction is made in air navigation publications between 4 categories: 1. Game reserves 2. Mire landscapes 3. Floodplains 4. Other protected areas (raised and transition bogs, fens, water and migratory bird reserves, national parks). Each category of protected area is divided into two generalisation levels: in small-scale views, the protected areas are displayed for readability in generalised form and inversely proportional to area, with a lateral buffer of between 1 and 80 m. In the large-scale views, the perimeters of the protected site are displayed in the legally valid dimensions. Off-aerodrome landings and emergency landing exercises on mire landscapes are not permitted under Art 32 h when on non-commercial flights.
General situation of rivers and lakes

The map shows the current Swissriver discharges and lake water levels compared with the monthly percentiles of the long term hourly averages (expressed in percentiles). The percentiles are calculated every month based on the "long term series" of hourly average measurements. The hourly averages from the start of measurements to date are compiled separately for each month, The percentile defines what proportion of the data is higher or lower than a specific limit. A flow at the 95% percentile means that 95% of the flows measured in the month in question are below that threshold (only 5% are above it).
Percentage of stocking along rivers

Vegetation performs important functions. It provides shade for rivers, thus reducing peak water temperatures. In the context of global warming, this is increasingly important. Furthermore, reforestation reduces bank erosion and retains pollutants. The dataset shows the proportion [%] of the stocking of the two 15-metre-wide river banks. Forestation was defined as vegetation taller than 2.5 meters. It was calculated for all free-flowing rivers with a width greater than 1 meter. The vegetation height model of the National Forest Inventory served as the data basis.
Geochemical soil atlas of Switzerland: Sodium

Interpolierte Natrium-Konzentrationen (mg/kg Feinerde) in den Oberböden (0–20 cm) der Schweiz. Für die Ordinary Kriging Interpolationen (1 km x 1 km) wurden Messdaten von insgesamt 1'201 Standorten des Biodiversitätsmonitorings Schweiz, der Nationalen Bodenbeobachtung und des europäischen geochemischen Bodenatlas berücksichtigt. Die Element-Konzentrationen wurden in Königswasser Aufschlüssen (HNO₃:HCl:H₂O) von getrockneten (40°C), gesiebten (< 2 mm) und anschliessend gemahlenen Bodenproben mittels induktiv gekoppelter Plasma Massenspektrometrie analysiert. Standorte mit bekannter anthropogener Überprägung der Element-Konzentrationen (Punktquellen) wurden vorgängig ausgeschlossen. Bei den Ergebnissen des geochemischen Bodenatlas handelt es sich um eine Momentaufnahme der Element-Konzentrationen in den Oberböden der Schweiz (Probenahmezeitraum 2011–2015). Die interpolierten Karten dienen der verbesserten Visualisierung von Regionen mit erhöhten resp. tiefen Konzentrationen. Es können daraus jedoch keine parzellenscharfen Informationen oder definitive Rückschlüsse auf die Geologie, die Bioverfügbarkeit, die prozentualen Verteilung der geogenen und anthropogenen Quellen sowie die Belastung des Bodens abgeleitet werden. Zitat Publikation: J. E. Reusser, M. B. Siegenthaler, L. H. E. Winkel, D. Wächter, R. Kretzschmar, R. G. Meuli: Geochemischer Bodenatlas der Schweiz. Agroscope, Zürich, 2023.
Invasive alien plants - map of the potential area Reynoutria sachalinensis

The set of invasive alien plants shows the maps of the potential areas of 56 alien plants species present in Switzerland as well as some invasive species present in neighboring countries with the potential to reach Switzerland. The maps are the result of model-based tool to anticipate the spread of invasive alien plants listed on the Swiss Black and Watch list. The model is using occurrence data from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), current climate data from Worldclim(1 km resolution) and occurrence data from InfoFlora combined with climate data from the WSL (100 m resolution).The maps with 100 m resolution utilize additional necessary variables including landuse and geology.
Monthly rainfall erosivity (R-factor) maps of Switzerland in MJ mm ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ month⁻¹, December

<p>Monthly rainfall erosivity maps (R-factor maps) of Switzerland with a spatial resolution of 100 m. The maps show the spatial and seasonal variability of rainfall erosivity in MJ mm ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ month⁻¹. Light shades of blue indicate a low erosive impact of rainfall and dark shades a high impact.</p> <p>The monthly R-factors are based on precipitation measurements from 87 automatic gauging stations with measurement intervals of 10 minutes (average measuring period of 19.5 years per station). The stations cover all agricultural zones in Switzerland. To exclude the influence of snow, temperatures are also recorded at an hourly resolution for 71 stations or are derived from the nearest station.</p> <p>A comparison of the 12 monthly R-factor maps shows that the summer months (June, July and August) have the highest rainfall erosivity values during the year. The Southern Alps (canton of Ticino), the mountain zones of the Northern Alps and parts of the valley zone have particularly high R-factors in this period. A proportion of 62% of Switzerland's annual rainfall erosivity is recorded between June and September. Identifying regions and periods in which rainfall with an increased erosive impact occurs enables targeted erosion control and a better understanding of the dynamics of erosion processes over the course of a year.</p> <p>The development of monthly rainfall erosivity maps of Switzerland is described in detail in 'Regionalization of monthly rainfall erosivity patterns in Switzerland' by Schmidt et al. (Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 20. 2016. pp. 4359–4373).</p>
Geochemical soil atlas of Switzerland: Vanadium

Interpolierte Vanadium-Konzentrationen (mg/kg Feinerde) in den Oberböden (0–20 cm) der Schweiz. Für die Ordinary Kriging Interpolationen (1 km x 1 km) wurden Messdaten von insgesamt 1'201 Standorten des Biodiversitätsmonitorings Schweiz, der Nationalen Bodenbeobachtung und des europäischen geochemischen Bodenatlas berücksichtigt. Die Element-Konzentrationen wurden in Königswasser Aufschlüssen (HNO₃:HCl:H₂O) von getrockneten (40°C), gesiebten (< 2 mm) und anschliessend gemahlenen Bodenproben mittels induktiv gekoppelter Plasma Massenspektrometrie analysiert. Standorte mit bekannter anthropogener Überprägung der Element-Konzentrationen (Punktquellen) wurden vorgängig ausgeschlossen. Bei den Ergebnissen des geochemischen Bodenatlas handelt es sich um eine Momentaufnahme der Element-Konzentrationen in den Oberböden der Schweiz (Probenahmezeitraum 2011–2015). Die interpolierten Karten dienen der verbesserten Visualisierung von Regionen mit erhöhten resp. tiefen Konzentrationen. Es können daraus jedoch keine parzellenscharfen Informationen oder definitive Rückschlüsse auf die Geologie, die Bioverfügbarkeit, die prozentualen Verteilung der geogenen und anthropogenen Quellen sowie die Belastung des Bodens abgeleitet werden. Zitat Publikation: J. E. Reusser, M. B. Siegenthaler, L. H. E. Winkel, D. Wächter, R. Kretzschmar, R. G. Meuli: Geochemischer Bodenatlas der Schweiz. Agroscope, Zürich, 2023.
Federal Inventory of Floodplains of National Importance

1987 liess das BUWAL eine detaillierte Vegetationskartierung der Objekte des Vernehmlassungsversion des Aueninventars ausarbeiten. Im Rahmen dieser Kartierungen wurden die sichtbaren Beeinträchtigungen in den Objektbeschreibungsblättern vermerkt und auf eine durchsichtige Folie eingetragen, welche auf die Vegetationskarte gelegt werden konnte. Diese Folien wurden nicht publiziert. Ab 1995 wurden die neuen sowie ein Teil der bestehenden Objekte mittels photogrammetrischen Methoden ab Luftbildern ausgewertet und kartiert
Monthly soil erosion risk maps for Swiss permanent grassland, with average soil loss in tons/(ha*month), October

Monthly soil erosion risk maps for Swiss permanent grassland with a spatial resolution of 100m. The maps show the average soil loss in tons per hectare and month. Shades of green, yellow and red mean a low, average and high risk of erosion, respectively.The monthly soil erosion risk maps were calculated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). For this RUSLE application, the monthly dynamic of the rainfall erosivity factor (R-factor) and cover and management factor (C-factor) was considered as follows: A(month)= R(month)*K*C(month)*L*S*P where A(month) is the soil loss in tons per hectare and month and R(month) and C(month) are the monthly R-factor (MJ mm ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ month⁻¹) and C-factor (dimensionless). The other erosion factors are soil erodibility (K-factor), slope length (L-factor), slope steepness (S-factor) and support practices (P-factor). The RUSLE factors were tailored to the specific environmental conditions of Swiss permanent grassland. The P-factor was included in the calculation as a constant with value 1 due to a lack of spatial information on grazing management and its effect on soil erosion.
Relative air humidity in the year, period 1981-2010

The map shows the mean relative air humidity at 13:30 in the year for the period 1981-2010. For the area-wide calculation the climate stations of MeteoSwiss served as support points. The relative air humidity was interpolated areally at different elevation levels and vertically using gradients. The resulting map has a spatial resolution of 25 m x 25 m. It was used for modelling altitudinal belts of forest vegetation.
Database of total bedload (federal government)

A bedload transport database for surface waters throughout Switzerland. Following the devastating events of the summer of 1987, which caused major damage in many regions of Switzerland, the Operational Hydrology Working Group (GHO) proposed that a bedload transport database should be set up. The SOLID database was developed by the FOEN in collaboration with the cantonal authorities and research institutes, which provide data on the amount of material transported or deposited in sediment traps. The amounts are estimated with the aid of measuring instruments or by emptying these traps. The SOLID database comprises records from about a hundred sediment traps.
Monthly soil erosion risk maps for Swiss permanent grassland, with average soil loss in tons/(ha*month), July

Monthly soil erosion risk maps for Swiss permanent grassland with a spatial resolution of 100m. The maps show the average soil loss in tons per hectare and month. Shades of green, yellow and red mean a low, average and high risk of erosion, respectively.The monthly soil erosion risk maps were calculated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). For this RUSLE application, the monthly dynamic of the rainfall erosivity factor (R-factor) and cover and management factor (C-factor) was considered as follows: A(month)= R(month)*K*C(month)*L*S*P where A(month) is the soil loss in tons per hectare and month and R(month) and C(month) are the monthly R-factor (MJ mm ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ month⁻¹) and C-factor (dimensionless). The other erosion factors are soil erodibility (K-factor), slope length (L-factor), slope steepness (S-factor) and support practices (P-factor). The RUSLE factors were tailored to the specific environmental conditions of Swiss permanent grassland. The P-factor was included in the calculation as a constant with value 1 due to a lack of spatial information on grazing management and its effect on soil erosion.
Monthly rainfall erosivity (R-factor) maps of Switzerland in MJ mm ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ month⁻¹, February

<p>Monthly rainfall erosivity maps (R-factor maps) of Switzerland with a spatial resolution of 100 m. The maps show the spatial and seasonal variability of rainfall erosivity in MJ mm ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ month⁻¹. Light shades of blue indicate a low erosive impact of rainfall and dark shades a high impact.</p> <p>The monthly R-factors are based on precipitation measurements from 87 automatic gauging stations with measurement intervals of 10 minutes (average measuring period of 19.5 years per station). The stations cover all agricultural zones in Switzerland. To exclude the influence of snow, temperatures are also recorded at an hourly resolution for 71 stations or are derived from the nearest station.</p> <p>A comparison of the 12 monthly R-factor maps shows that the summer months (June, July and August) have the highest rainfall erosivity values during the year. The Southern Alps (canton of Ticino), the mountain zones of the Northern Alps and parts of the valley zone have particularly high R-factors in this period. A proportion of 62% of Switzerland's annual rainfall erosivity is recorded between June and September. Identifying regions and periods in which rainfall with an increased erosive impact occurs enables targeted erosion control and a better understanding of the dynamics of erosion processes over the course of a year.</p> The development of monthly rainfall erosivity maps of Switzerland is described in detail in 'Regionalization of monthly rainfall erosivity patterns in Switzerland' by Schmidt et al. (Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 20. 2016. pp. 4359–4373).
Nase spawning grounds 1995 - 2004

The data includes the coordinates of spawning grounds in Switzerland (around 100 sites) as well as the average number of breeding animals (10-year average). The FOEN conducted a nationwide nase monitoring program between 1995 and 2004 in collaboration with cantonal fishery authorities. This involved determining the reproductive potential of this highly endangered fish that is protected across Europe under the Bern Convention.
Relative air humidity in July, period 1981-2010

The map shows the mean relative air humidity at 13:30 in July for the period 1981-2010. For the area-wide calculation the climate stations of MeteoSwiss served as support points. The relative air humidity was interpolated areally at different elevation levels and vertically using gradients. The resulting map has a spatial resolution of 25 m x 25 m. It was used for modelling altitudinal belts of forest vegetation.
UNESCO World cultural heritage

The Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention, SR 0.451.41) was signed at the UNESCO General Conference in 1972. Its objective is to conserve cultural and natural heritage sites of extraordinary universal value as components of world heritage for all humanity. By signing it, a state agrees to protect and preserve specific objects within its borders. To date, Switzerland has suggested 9 cultural and 3 natural heritage sites that UNESCO has added to its world heritage list.
Assessment of the Biological Water Status: Diatoms

Within the National Surface Water Quality Monitoring Programme (NAWA), water quality is recorded jointly by the federal and cantonal authorities at around 100 monitoring stations. The biological water status is assessed on the basis of diatom investigations by the diatom module in the Modular Step Procedure (www.modul-stufen-konzept.ch). The assessment system is linked to nutrient parameters such as ammonium, nitrite and total phosphorus. Diatoms are single-cell algae which live in both fresh and salt water and occasionally even on land. They are used as bioindicators of water quality because they occur all year round in all rivers and streams and their reaction to environmental changes is well known.
Mean runoff in the future - results from the Hydro-CH2018 project

The map shows the percentage changes in summer runoff towards the end of the century (2070-2099) compared to the reference period (1981 - 2010) as calculated in the hydrological scenarios Hydro-CH2018 for a scenario without climate change mitigation (RCP8.5). Shown in each case is the median of the entire range of simulations. In summer, the hydrological scenarios show a median runoff decrease of 30-50% without climate change mitigation by the end of the century. Responsible for this decrease are reduced summer precipitation, higher evapotranspiration and the decrease of glacier and snowmelt water. In the Hydro-CH2018 project, which is a thematic area of the National Centre for Climate Services (NCCS, www.nccs.admin.ch) and is led by the FOEN, various specialized hydrological models were used depending on the research question. For this reason, it is possible that several, slightly different results are available at certain stations, e.g. Thur Andelfingen (details can be found in the synthesis report "Impacts of climate change on Swiss water bodies"). Clicking on the link in the object information will take you to the Hydrological Atlas of Switzerland, where all results for all stations, all climate scenarios and all time periods including uncertainty range can be found.
Frequency of Föhn in the year, period variable (maximum 1969-2013)

The map shows the average frequency (in %) of the number of Föhn hours per year. A value of e.g. 12 % means that on 44 days in the year the Föhn blows, whereby the duration of the Föhn events varies. The climate stations of MeteoSwiss in the Föhn regions were used as the basis for the calculation (different time periods). For each station the number of hours with Föhn per day was calculated. The criteria for Föhn were as follows: - Relative humidity: during the day < 50 %, at night < 55 %, - Wind speed: > 5 km/h, - Wind direction range: typical wind direction (in °) with Föhn +/- 60°. The evaluations at the stations were then interpolated into the area for the typical Föhn regions. The grey-coloured regions are not considered typical Föhn regions. The frequency of Föhn was not calculated for these regions. The resulting map has a spatial resolution of 25 m x 25 m. It was used for modelling altitudinal belts of forest vegetation.
Topographical catchment areas of Swiss waterbodies 40 km²

The "40 km² catchment areas" data set is one of four possible aggregation levels for the "Topographical catchment areas of Swiss waterbodies" geodata set. It consists of a comprehensive mosaic of some 1200 topographically defined sub-catchment areas. These are, wherever possible, coordinated with the base areas of the Hydrological Map of Switzerland (HADES).
Monthly rainfall erosivity (R-factor) maps of Switzerland in MJ mm ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ month⁻¹, June

<p>Monthly rainfall erosivity maps (R-factor maps) of Switzerland with a spatial resolution of 100 m. The maps show the spatial and seasonal variability of rainfall erosivity in MJ mm ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ month⁻¹. Light shades of blue indicate a low erosive impact of rainfall and dark shades a high impact.</p> <p>The monthly R-factors are based on precipitation measurements from 87 automatic gauging stations with measurement intervals of 10 minutes (average measuring period of 19.5 years per station). The stations cover all agricultural zones in Switzerland. To exclude the influence of snow, temperatures are also recorded at an hourly resolution for 71 stations or are derived from the nearest station.</p> <p>A comparison of the 12 monthly R-factor maps shows that the summer months (June, July and August) have the highest rainfall erosivity values during the year. The Southern Alps (canton of Ticino), the mountain zones of the Northern Alps and parts of the valley zone have particularly high R-factors in this period. A proportion of 62% of Switzerland's annual rainfall erosivity is recorded between June and September. Identifying regions and periods in which rainfall with an increased erosive impact occurs enables targeted erosion control and a better understanding of the dynamics of erosion processes over the course of a year.</p> The development of monthly rainfall erosivity maps of Switzerland is described in detail in 'Regionalization of monthly rainfall erosivity patterns in Switzerland' by Schmidt et al. (Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 20. 2016. pp. 4359–4373).
Modelled altitudinal vegetation belts for 1975

This map shows the altitudinal belts of forest vegetation in Switzerland for the period 1961-1990. The following altitudinal vegetation belts only occur in the southern valleys: «hyperinsubric», «collin with beech», and «lower/upper montane». To derive the map, the altitudinal vegetation belts presented in Frehner et al. (2005/2009) were quantified and refined. For this purpose, their respective upper boundaries were modelled and combined with models of the beech area and fir areas (main, secondary and relict areas) (Zischg et al. subm.). The natural upper timberline was also modelled using an analogous procedure (Könz et al. 2021). Climate parameters and geological basic information were used as a basis for modelling of the boundaries and areas.
Springs and swallow holes in karst regions

The Karst springs and swallow holes layer shows the main points where groundwater emerges from the karst system as well as important infiltration points. Distinctions are made between tapped and untapped as well as temporary and permanent springs. The karst springs are linked to the associated karst catchments: When a spring is selected, the catchment from which it is fed is highlighted. The information in the categories Karst regions and Karst groundwater, respectively, is based on hydrogeological 3D models (KARSYS approach). It was developed, with the support of the cantons, by the Swiss Institute for Speleology and Karst Studies SISKA and is published by the Federal Office for the Environment FOEN.
Windstorm: Gusts at return period 50 years

The Windstorm Risk Maps show peak wind gusts and their dynamic pressure and the corresponding uncertainties. The maps provide a country-wide basis for the estimation of the regional windstorm risk, however they do not replace the Dynamic Pressure Reference (Standard SIA 261 Annex E). The windstorm risk is calculated on the basis of 83 winter storm periods between 1871 and 2011 and the 20th Century Reanalysis global data. Local influences, summer storms and thunder squalls were not taken into account in the calculations. The values specified for the peak wind gusts should not, therefore, be interpreted as absolutely accurate values and do not replace any location-specific reports. The peak wind gusts are underestimated for exposed Alpine locations (e.g. Jungfraujoch), in particular.