AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Meteorological measurements LWF

Continuous measurement of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, global radiation, photosynthetic active radiation, UVB radiation, and precipation in an open field very close to the LWF plot as well as air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, photosynthetic active radiation, and precipitation in the forest below the canopy.
 Purpose: 
Recording meteorological conditions
 Manual Citation: 
 * Martine Rebetez, Gustav Schneiter, 1997: Meteorologie. In: Brang P. (ed.) Aufnahmeanleitung LWF. Langfristige Waldökosystem-Forschung LWF, 4 S. 
 *  Raspe  S,  Beuker  E,  Preuhsler  T,  Bastrup-Birk  A,  2016:  Part  IX:  Meteorological  Measurements.  In:  UNECE  ICP  Forests  Programme  Co-ordinating  Centre  (ed.):  Manual  on  methods  and  criteria  for  harmonized sampling, assessment, monitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests. Thünen  Institute  of  Forest  Ecosystems,  Eberswalde,  Germany,  14  p.  +  Annex  [http://icp-forests.net/page/icp-forests-manual](http://icp-forests.net/page/icp-forests-manual)
 Paper Citation: 
 * Martine Rebetez,  Georg von Arx, Arthur Gessler, Elisabeth Graf Pannatier, John L. Innes, Peter Jakob, Markéta Jetel, Marlen Kube, Magdalena Nötzli, Marcus Schaub, Maria Schmitt, Flurin Sutter, Anne Thimonier, Peter Waldner, Matthias Haeni, 2018: Meteorological data series from Swiss long-term forest ecosystem research plots since 1997. Annals of Forests Science 75: 41: 1-7. [doi: 10.1007/s13595-018-0709-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0709-7) 
 *  Haeni, Matthias; von Arx, Georg; Gessler, Arthur; Graf Pannatier, Elisabeth; Innes, John L; Jakob, Peter; Jetel, Markéta; Kube, Marlen; Nötzli, Magdalena; Schaub, Marcus; Schmitt, Maria; Sutter, Flurin; Thimonier, Anne; Waldner, Peter; Rebetez, Martine (2016): Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) in Switzerland, from 1996-2016. PANGAEA, [doi: 10.1594/PANGAEA.868390](https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.868390) 
 *  Gustav Schneiter, Peter Jakob, Martine Rebetez, 2004: Sieben Jahre meteorologische Datenerfassung im Schweizer Wald. Infoblatt Forschungsbereich Wald, Vol 17: 4-6 [---](https://www.parcs.ch/snp/pdf_public/2011_schneiteretal_datenerf_wald_wsl_2004.pdf) 
 *  Jakob P, Sutter F, Waldner P, Schneiter G (2007) Processing remote gauging-data. In: Gomez J. M., Sonnenschein M., Müller M., Welsch H., Rautenstrauch C. (ed.) Information Technologies in Environmental Engineering ITEE 2007, Third International ICSC Symposium, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 211-220.

Tags: icp-forests, long-term-forest-ecosystem-research, lwf, meteorological-measurements, swiss-forest-lab
Deadwood survey LWF 2013 - line intersect

Assessment of coarse woody debris on LWF plots using the line intersect method (repetition of the 1995 survey)
 Purpose: 
Assessing the amount of coarse woody debris
 Manual Citation: 
 * Matthias Dobbertin, Nathalie Bretz Guby, 1997: Totholz. In: Peter Brang (ed.) LWF Aufnahmeanleitung. Langfristige Waldökosystem-Forschung LWF, Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, Birmensdorf, 5 S.

Tags: coarse-woody-debris, deadwood, icp-forests, long-term-forest-ecosystem-research, swiss-forest-lab
Passive sampling of NH3 LWF

NH&8323; concentrations were measured at 11 LWF plots (1999/2000) with Zürcher passive samplers (Palmes-type diffusion tubes with an acidic solution as absorbent) during one year. Three samplers per site and period (usually 14 days) were installed in the open area of the LWF plots and, at Beatenberg, Novaggio and Vordemwald, under the forest as well (weather station). In 2014, NH&8323; concentrations were measured again at 14 plots, using two Radiello samplers per site and period (usually 28 days). At Lausanne and Vordemwald, concentrations were also measured below the canopy. 
 Purpose: 
To assess air concentrations of ammonia (NH&8323;) and, using deposition velocities available from the literature, to quantify the dry deposition of NH&8323; (alternative method to the throughfall method). The LWF plots were part of a larger network covering the main regions of Switzerland. One objective of this larger network was to compare measured and modelled concentrations.

Tags: ambient-air-quality, ammonia, icp-forests, long-term-forest-ecosystem-research, nitrogen, passive-sampling, swiss-forest-lab
Deadwood survey LWF 2013 - subplot

Assessment of coarse woody debris on LWF plots using the line intersect method and full count methods on subplots (repetition of the 2005 survey)
 Purpose: 
Assessing the amount of coarse woody debris
 Manual Citation: 
 * ForestBiota, 2005. Stand structure assessment including deadwood. EU/ICP Forests Biodiversity Test-Phase (ForestBIOTA). [---](http://www.forestbiota.org)

Tags: coarse-woody-debris, deadwood, icp-forests, long-term-forest-ecosystem-research, swiss-forest-lab
Deadwood survey Sanasilva 2013

Assessment of coarse woody debris on Sanasilva plots (16x16 km grid) using the full count methods on subplots applying BioSoil protocoll
 Purpose: 
Assessing the amount of coarse woody debris
 Manual Citation: 
 * A. Bastrup-Birk, P. Nevile, G. Chirici, T. Houston, 2006: The BioSoil ForestBiodiversity Field Manual Version 1.0/1.1/1.1A for the Field Assessment 2006-07. Working Group on ForestBiodiversity, Forest Focus Demonstration Project BioSoil 2004-2005, 47 S.

Tags: coarse-woody-debris, deadwood, icp-forests, long-term-forest-ecosystem-research, swiss-forest-lab
Tree Diameter and Height Inventory LWF

Tree circumference, height, height to crown base measurements, mortality, decay class and removal assessment on LWF plots
 Purpose: 
Assessment of tree and forest growth
 Manual Citation: 
 * Matthias Dobbertin, Christian Hug, 1999: Vorläufige Feld-Aufnahmeanleitung für die BHU- und Höhen-Inventur auf LWF-Flächen (V1.0), Langfristige Waldökosystem-Forschung, Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, Birmensdorf, 18 S. 
 *  Christian Hug, Matthias Dobbertin, Chris Nussbaumer, Yves Stettler, 2010: Provisorische Aufnahmeanleitung für die Brusthöhenumfang- und Höheninventur auf LWF-Flächen. Langfristige Waldökosystem-Forschung, Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, Birmensdorf, 29 S. 
 *  Christian Hug, Chris Nussbaumer, Yves Stettler, 2014: Aufnahmeanleitung für die Brusthöhenumfang und Höheninventur auf LWF-Flächen. Langfristige Waldökosystem-Forschung, Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, Birmensdorf, 36 S. 
 *  Dobbertin  M,  Neumann  M,  2016:  Part  V:  Tree  Growth.  In:  UNECE  ICP  Forests,  Programme  Co-ordinating  Centre  (ed.):  Manual  on  methods  and  criteria  for  harmonized  sampling,  assessment,  monitoring  and  analysis  of  the  effects  of  air  pollution  on  forests.  Thünen  Institute  of  Forest  Ecosystems, Eberswalde, Germany, 17 p. + Annex [http://icp-forests.net/page/icp-forests-manual](http://icp-forests.net/page/icp-forests-manual) 
 Paper Citation: 
 * Etzold S, Waldner P, Thimonier A, Schmitt M, Dobbertin M (2014) Tree growth in Swiss forests between 1995 and 2010 in relation to climate and stand conditions: Recent disturbances matter. Forest Ecology and Management, 311: 41-55. [doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.040](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.040)

Tags: icp-forests, long-term-forest-ecosystem-research, lwf, swiss-forest-lab, tree-growth
Passive sampling of NO2 LWF

NO&8322; concentrations were measured at 11 LWF plots (1999/2000) with passive samplers (Palmes-type diffusion tubes) during one year. Three samplers per site and period (usually 14 days) were installed in the open area of the LWF plots and, at Beatenberg, Novaggio and Vordemwald, under the forest as well (weather station). In 2014, NO2 concentrations were measured again at 14 plots, using two samplers per site and period (usually 28 days). At Lausanne and Vordemwald, concentrations were also measured below the canopy. 
 Purpose: 
To assess air concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and, using deposition velocities available from the literature, to quantify the dry deposition of NO2 (alternative method to the throughfall method).

Tags: ambient-air-quality, icp-forests, long-term-forest-ecosystem-research, nitrogen-dioxide, swiss-forest-lab
EC-5 soil water content measurement LWF

Continuous measurement of soil water content at 15, 50 and 80 cm depth (3 replications) with ECH2O EC-5 soil moisture probes (Decagon Incorporation, Pullman, WA, USA).  
 Purpose: 
Improve the available data for the calibration or validation of the water cycle modells, i.e. the determination of the water flux needed for calculating the leaching fluxes.

Tags: icp-forests, long-term-forest-ecosystem-research, lwf, soil-water-content, swiss-forest-lab
Data set of: Plant and root-zone water isotopes are difficult to measure, explain, and predict: some practical recommendations for determining plant water sources

The following two tables contain information about the data sources of the values reported in Table 1 and 2 in the paper “Plant and root-zone water isotopes are difficult to measure, explain, and predict: some practical recommendations for determining plant water sources” published in the journal 'Methods in Ecology and Evolution'.

Tags: ecohydrology, endmember-mixing-models, plant-water-uptake, review, root-zone, stable-water-isotopes, uncertainties
MadCrypto – Bryophyte and macrolichen diversity in laurel forests of Madeira

This dataset includes species lists of bryophytes and macrolichens (presence/absence) sampled on the forest floor and on trees in disturbed and undisturbed plots along elevation gradients in the laurel forests of Madeira island. It also contains species specific information (bryophytes: red list status, endemic status, taxonomic group, life strategy; macrolichens: photobiont type, growth form) as well as plot information (Plot_ID, sampling date, coordinates, elevation a.s.l. (m), disturbance type, sampled host tree species).
The dataset was used for the paper 
Boch S, Martins A, Ruas S, Fontinha S, Carvalho P, Reis F, Bergamini A, Sim-Sim M (2019) Bryophyte and macrolichen diversity show contrasting elevation relationships and are negatively affected by disturbances in laurel forests of Madeira island. Journal of Vegetation Science 30: 1122–1133.
The excel file contains 5 sheets:
1) Plot information
2) Bryophyte data with species specific information, separated per substrate
3) Macrolichen data with species specific information, separated per substrate
4) Bryophyte data with species specific information (plot level data). Species lists of the two substrates were merged; if one substrate in a plot hosted a species identified only to genus level (genus spec.) but the second investigated substrate hosted an identified species of the same genus, we removed the genus spec. entry in the particular plot. The species list of sheet 2 and 4 might therefore differ slightly.
5) Macrolichen data with species specific information (plot level data). Species lists of the two substrates were merged; if one substrate in a plot hosted a species identified only to genus level (genus spec.) but the second investigated substrate hosted an identified species of the same genus, we removed the genus spec. entry in the particular plot. The species list of sheet 3 and 5 might therefore differ slightly.

Tags: biodiversity, bryophyte, bryophyte-life-strategy, climate-change, climate-change-impact, disturbance, elevational-gradient, endemic, endemic-species, functional-taxonomic-group, functional-taxonomic-groups, lichen, lichen-growth-form, lichen-growthform, liverwort, madeira-island, moss, photobiont
Soil solution monitoring of the Intercantonal Forest Observation Program

Since 1997 soil solution samplers are installed in certain plots of the Intercantonal Forest Observation Program *[Intercantonal Forest Observation Program](https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/interkantonale-walddauerbeobachtung-wdb)*. There solution is analysed monthly at the moment (2023) in 46 Swiss forest sites. The sites cover a uniquely broad range of Swiss forest soils, with gradients in elevation (290-1870 m), precipitation (915-2211 mm), base saturation averaged over the top 40 cm (6-100%) and total N deposition (10-81 kg ha&8315;&185;a&8315;&185;). 
For each site and soil depth, eight soil solution samplers (ceramic suction cup) are installed in the topsoil and five in the subsoil. Actual depths varied according to soil condition but a frequent sampling design is 20, 50 and 80 cm. Following the monthly sampling of the soil solution, the samples from the same location and from the same depth are pooled. Monthly data about following chemical soil solution indicators are measured:
 * pH and conductivity
 * Anions: Cl&8315;, NO&8323;&8315;, SO&8322;&8315;
 * Kations: Ca&178;&8314;, Mg&178;&8314;, K&8314;, Na&8314;, Mn&178;&8314;, NH4&8314;, Altot, Alorg
 * DOC
More information about the analytical methods and results can be found in *[Braun & Tresch (2020)](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227530)*.
The long-term measurements of the soil solution provide the basis for revealing changes in forest soil quality. The chemical composition of the soil solution allows comparison and assessment of internationally agreed critical values and criteria on acid-base status (indicators: BC/Al ratio, pH value, N concentrations in the soil solution) as well as the leaching of N, Al and basic cations.

Tags: long-term-forest-ecosystem-research, long-term-monitoring, soil-solution-chemistry, swiss-forest-lab, wdb
Ozone measurement and analysis in the Intercantonal Forest Observation Program

In order to quantify effects of ozone on Swiss forest ozone flux calculations are needed. Currently 5 stations are operated to measure the ozone load on forests. These data form the basis for ozone flux calculations. The ozone flux calculation is carried out with the DO3SE model (Büker et al. 2012). This can then be used for epidemiological evaluations for the Swiss forest (Thomas et al. 2005, Braun et al. 2014, Braun et al. 2017, Braun et al. 2020, Braun et al. 2021, Braun et al. 2022).

Tags: long-term-forest-ecosystem-research, long-term-monitoring, ozone, swiss-forest-lab, wdb
Intercantonal Forest Observation Program – Interkantonale Walddauerbeobachtung (WDB)

The IAP has been monitoring forest health since 1984 on behalf of cantonal forest and environmental offices and in collaboration with the Federal Office for the Environment. In the Intercantonal Forest Observation Program (WDB) project, the health, growth and nutrient supply of beech, spruce and oak in managed forest ecosystems are studied on about 190 forest plots. The plots cover the most important gradients of Swiss forests, such as different climatic conditions in precipitation, temperature, as well as differences in soil and in the input of air pollutants such as nitrogen and ozone. Currently (date 2020) 94 plots with 6268 beech trees, 75 plots with 4547 spruce trees, and 50 plots with 1858 oak trees are surveyed in the Intercantonal WDB. Annual investigations include crown condition and tree loss by mortality, uprooting and stem breakage. Every 4 year stem increment is measured on all 12’673 trees and 8 branches are harvested by helicopter very 4 years and subsequently examined for the following parameters:
- Nutrient analysis in foliage (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn)
- Leaf area and weight
- Shoot growth (retrospective for Norway spruce, beech and oak)
- Discoloration and parasite infestation
- Fructification of beech (retrospectively)
	
In addition, soil samples for analysing the chemistry of the solid phase are taken every 12 years. Also changes in the ground vegetation is assessed every 12 years. On a subset of the plots soil solution is sampled monthly *[(Soil solution monitoring of the Intercantonal Forest Observation Program)](https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-solution-monitoring-of-the-intercantonal-forest-observation-program)*. In addition, soil water potential and soil moisture are measured in a subset of sites of the Intercantonal Forest Observation Program *[(Soil moisture and soil water potential measurements of the Intercantonal Forest Observation Program)](https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/soil-water-measurements-wdb)*.
These data allow to gain a unique understanding of the main factors influencing the forest and the most important changes, which are very valuable especially in the context of climate change. The insights are of great importance for cantonal and regional forest planning as well as for national and international determinations of critical loads and limits (e.g. CLempN, UNECE CLRTAP).

Tags: iap, intercantonal-forest-observation-program, long-term-data-sets, long-term-monitoring, swiss-forest-lab, wdb
Soil erosion mapping on steep slopes

The dataset contains Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and orthophotos obtained from successive surveys used to quantify soil erosion on non-vegetated slopes in a torrent catchment. The research area is steep (mainly 30-60°), has a complex topography and the spatial extent is about 0.6 ha. Furthermore, it is partly forested, and the soils consist mainly of glacial till. Digital terrain models were compiled in spring and autumn of the years 2021 to 2025 using UAV based LiDAR (Riegel miniVUX-3) and Photogrammetry (DJI Phantom 4 RTK).
To derive DTMs from the LiDAR (miniVUX-3) and photogrammetric (Phantom 4RTK) point clouds ground classification was processed with lasground_new (LASTools) and further refined by applying a filtering, based on vegetation index (2*green channel – red channel – blue channel) to remove vegetation points falsely classified as ground. Documented accuracies of the DTMs heights compared to dGNSS measurements were mostly around 2-5 cm. All data is supplied in the reference system LV95 (epsg: 2056) / LN02 (epsg: 5728).
Dates of surveys (miniVUX-3UAV, DJI P4 RTK):
 * 15.06.2021
 * 10.11.2021
 * 20.04.2022
 * 17.11.2023
 * 18.04.2023
 * 24.11.2023
 * 19.03.2024
 * 14.11.2024
 * 25.03.2025
 * 12.11.2025

Tags: erosion, erosion-scar, gully, monitoring, mountain-stream, steep-slope
Soil moisture and soil water potential measurements of the Intercantonal Forest Observation Program

Since 2001 soil water content and soil water potential are measured in 40 plots of the *[Intercantonal Forest Observation Program](https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/interkantonale-walddauerbeobachtung-wdb)*. Soil water content and soil water potential is measured in hourly resolution in 3 depths according to the soil horizons.
The following parameters about soil water balance are measured:
 * Volumetric soil water content (SMT-100, Truebner)
 * Soil water potential (TEROS21, METER)
More information about the analytical methods and results can be found in *[Braun et al. (2021)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724756)*.

Tags: long-term-forest-ecosystem-research, long-term-monitoring, soil-moisture-water-content, soil-water-potential, swiss-forest-lab, wdb
Data on wild bee taxonomic and functional diversity in Switzerland

Raw data supporting the paper "Countrywide wild bee taxonomic and functional diversity reveal a spatial mismatch between alpha and beta-diversity facets across multiple ecological gradients". It contains taxonomic and functional metrics in 3343 community-plots distributed across Switzerland. The calculated metrics are:
- Alpha taxonomic community metrics: species richness and Shannon diversity
- Alpha functional community metrics: Functional richness (using the Trait Onion Peeling index, TOP), functional eveness (using the Trait Even Distribution index, TED) and the functional dispersion.
- Community weighted means of 8 functional traits 
- The local community contributions on the functional and taxonomic beta diversity (LCBD).
The dataset also includes the following:
- The used predictors to model the spatial distribution of the community metrics (climate PCA, vegetation PCA, land-use metrics, beekeeping intensity).
-The three types of protected areas, defined according to the protective measures.
- The model evaluation, variable importance and partial dependece data.

Tags: anthophila, beta-diversity, biodiversity, climate, community-indices, elevation-gradient, functional-diversity, hymenoptera, predictive-modelling, protected-areas, resource-availability, switzerland, urbanization, wild-bee
Stable Water Isotopes in snow and vapor on the Weissfluhjoch

Notice:  Changes to the dataset are still possible. Please do not use this dataset until the final publication with a DOI. Contact the authors if you have questions about this.
This dataset contains measurements of stable water isotopes in snow and vapor on the Weissfluhjoch from different field campaigns (Winter 2017 (Trachsel, 2019), January 2020, December 2020, and March 2021 (Sadowski et al., 2022). 
Snow profiles and surface samples are available at different frequencies for each campaign. Please see "Data_description.pdf" for details. 
Scripts and SNOWPACK simulations used in (Trachsel, 2019) and (Sadowski et al., 2022) are also provided.

Tags: latent-heat, natural-tracer, paleoclimate, post-depositional-processes, snow, stable-water-isotopes, sublimation, weissfluhjoch
European Snow Booklet – an Inventory of Snow Measurements in Europe

The European Snow Booklet (ESB) is a book of reference for snow measurements that has been produced through collaboration with many European snow practitioners and snow scientists in the framework of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ES1404 “A European network for a harmonised monitoring of snow for the benefit of climate change scenarios, hydrology and numerical weather prediction (HarmoSnow)”. The ESB provides a unique collection of information about operational snow observations in the European countries and the methods used to perform basic measurements of snow on the ground: snow depth (HS), depth of snowfall (HN), water equivalent of the snow cover (SWE) and presence of snow on the ground (PSG). Information and station metadata (for example location, elevation) for these basic snow variables were collected through a comprehensive survey, the ESB questionnaire between August 2017 and March 2018. Numerous institutions of 38 European countries provided detailed information describing the status of the operational snow observations and the methods used at the time of the survey. Based on the information provided, a country report was written for each European country. Similarities and differences among the countries, that is, the choice of snow variables to be measured, the measurement principles applied, the number of stations, or the spatial and elevational station distribution are pointed out. Thus the collection of country reports demonstrates the relevance of snow measurements for each country. Thus, the intention of the ESB is to foster better knowledge transfer regarding snow measurements between the snow science and operational communities and to improve the communication of information to the general public.
For detailed information on the European countries, we refer to the ESB, which can be downloaded here (envidat.ch). Please note that the ESB is not a living document and information and station metadata are from August 2017 till March 2018, except for Latvia (metadata updated in December 2018).

Tags: cost-action-es1404-harmosnow, depth-of-snowfall, harmonisation-of-snow-measurements, snow-depth, snow-measurement-methods, spatial-distribution-of-snow-observations-in-europe, water-equivalent-of-the-snow-cover
snowpackBuoyantPimpleFoam: an OpenFOAM Eulerian–Eulerian two-phase solver for modelling convection of water vapor in snowpacks

snowpackBuoyantPimpleFoam is a  two-phase solver implemented to model convection of water vapor with phase change in snowpacks. This new solver is based on the standard solver of buoyantPimpleFoam in the open-source fluid dynamics software, OpenFOAM 5.0 (www.openfoam.org).

Tags: convection-in-snow, numerical-simulation, openfoam, snow-density-profile, vapor-transport