AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Precipitation sum April-August, period 2070-2099, Scenario RCP 2.6

The map shows the precipitation sum (in mm) for the months April to August calculated for the period 2070-2099. The precipitation anomalies of the climate scenario were added to the map «Precipitation April-August 1981-2010», derived from the standard value maps for precipitation from MeteoSwiss. Among the representative concentration pathways, RCP 2.6 with the model combination DMI_HIRHAM_ECEARTH_EUR11 was selected as a projection for slight climate change (NCCS 2018; Provision of the data by Remund et al. 2020) for the calculation of the precipitation sum in the future. The resulting map has a spatial resolution of 25 m x 25 m. It was used for modelling altitudinal belts of forest vegetation.
“Aquaprotect” areas of flooding: 50-year recurrence period

The areas of flooding included in “Aquaprotect” take the form of a rough overview (prepared with the aid of basic methods) of areas of Switzerland that are susceptible to damage caused by occasional and very infrequent flooding. This is intended as a rough overview of the risks and hazards, and therefore does not replace the detailed risk maps (<http://www.bafu.admin.ch/gefahrenkarten>). For example, it does not take existing flood protection measures into account, and in the event of not yet available risk maps it merely permits an approximate assessment of potential flood damage.The areas of flooding included in “Aquaprotect” concern floods in recurrence periods of 50, 100, 250 and 500 years. For example, a flood with a recurrence period of 100 years refers to a level of flooding which, viewed over a very lengthy timeframe, is reached on average once every 100 years. The fact that a given area is not included in “Aquaprotect” does not mean that there is no risk of flooding in that area. Due to the simplified method that is applied, only a rough overview is provided. At more detailed scales than 1:50,000, areas susceptible to flooding are only depicted with the aid of shading. The aim here is to avoid misinterpretation due to insufficiently accurate depiction.
Geochemical soil atlas of Switzerland: Calcium

Interpolierte Calcium-Konzentrationen (mg/kg Feinerde) in den Oberböden (0–20 cm) der Schweiz. Für die Ordinary Kriging Interpolationen (1 km x 1 km) wurden Messdaten von insgesamt 1'201 Standorten des Biodiversitätsmonitorings Schweiz, der Nationalen Bodenbeobachtung und des europäischen geochemischen Bodenatlas berücksichtigt. Die Element-Konzentrationen wurden in Königswasser Aufschlüssen (HNO₃:HCl:H₂O) von getrockneten (40°C), gesiebten (< 2 mm) und anschliessend gemahlenen Bodenproben mittels induktiv gekoppelter Plasma Massenspektrometrie analysiert. Standorte mit bekannter anthropogener Überprägung der Element-Konzentrationen (Punktquellen) wurden vorgängig ausgeschlossen. Bei den Ergebnissen des geochemischen Bodenatlas handelt es sich um eine Momentaufnahme der Element-Konzentrationen in den Oberböden der Schweiz (Probenahmezeitraum 2011–2015). Die interpolierten Karten dienen der verbesserten Visualisierung von Regionen mit erhöhten resp. tiefen Konzentrationen. Es können daraus jedoch keine parzellenscharfen Informationen oder definitive Rückschlüsse auf die Geologie, die Bioverfügbarkeit, die prozentualen Verteilung der geogenen und anthropogenen Quellen sowie die Belastung des Bodens abgeleitet werden. Zitat Publikation: J. E. Reusser, M. B. Siegenthaler, L. H. E. Winkel, D. Wächter, R. Kretzschmar, R. G. Meuli: Geochemischer Bodenatlas der Schweiz. Agroscope; Zürich, 2023.
Windstorm

The Windstorm Risk Maps show peak wind gusts and their dynamic pressure and the corresponding uncertainties. The maps provide a country-wide basis for the estimation of the regional windstorm risk, however they do not replace the Dynamic Pressure Reference (Standard SIA 261 Annex E). The windstorm risk is calculated on the basis of 83 winter storm periods between 1871 and 2011 and the 20th Century Reanalysis global data. Local influences, summer storms and thunder squalls were not taken into account in the calculations. The values specified for the peak wind gusts should not, therefore, be interpreted as absolutely accurate values and do not replace any location-specific reports. The peak wind gusts are underestimated for exposed Alpine locations (e.g. Jungfraujoch), in particular.
Diffuse total nitrogen inputs into waters, modelled values

Nitrogen inputs into waters represent an undesirable pollution load. Under the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR), Switzerland agreed to reduce the nitrogen load flowing into the Rhine from Switzerland by 50% of 1985 levels. This target has not yet been met. A total of some 48,000 tonnes of nitrogen enter Swiss waters every year from diffuse sources. Intensively farmed arable land, particularly drained areas, is responsible for high inputs.</p><p> The nitrogen inputs into waters have been analysed by the MODIFFUS material flux model for all the diffuse input sources (arable land, permanent grassland, forest, glaciers, urban green space etc.) and their pathways (soil erosion, leaching, run-off, drainage, atmospheric deposition etc.). The map shows the total input for each land use category in the hectare grid, based on the 2013/18 land use statistics. Average climatic conditions are used and the reference year is 2020. </p><p> These modelled values are not equivalent to values measured in the waters because they do not take into account the conversion and deposition processes, both on land and in the waters themselves. The results are interpretable for hydrological or administrative units over 50 km² in size, but not for single pixels.
Altitudinal vegetation belts in Switzerland for 2085 with less dry future climate

This map shows the altitudinal vegetation belts of forest vegetation in Switzerland for the period 2070-2099 assuming a less dry future climate. The following altitudinal vegetation belts only occur in the southern valleys: «mediterranean», «hyperinsubric», «colline with beech», and «lower/upper montane». The map «Modelled altitudinal vegetation belts for 1995» serves as a basis for the shift of the altitudinal vegetation belts into the future. Among the Representative concentration pathways, RCP 4.5 with the model combination SMHI-RCA_MPIESM_EUR44 was selected as the «less dry» projection (NCCS 2018). This model projects an average warming of 1.8 °C (northern Switzerland) or 2.3 °C (southern Switzerland) and a reduction in precipitation of 4.0% (northern Switzerland) or 0.5% (southern Switzerland) for the months April-August, which are considered most relevant for the climate suitability of trees, compared to the period 1981-2010 (Remund 2020). The natural upper timberline was also modelled using an analogous procedure (Könz et al. 2021). --- Source: Zischg et al. (subm.)
Invasive alien plants - map of the potential area Phytolacca esculenta

The set of invasive alien plants shows the maps of the potential areas of 56 alien plants species present in Switzerland as well as some invasive species present in neighboring countries with the potential to reach Switzerland. The maps are the result of model-based tool to anticipate the spread of invasive alien plants listed on the Swiss Black and Watch list. The model is using occurrence data from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), current climate data from Worldclim(1 km resolution) and occurrence data from InfoFlora combined with climate data from the WSL (100 m resolution).The maps with 100 m resolution utilize additional necessary variables including landuse and geology.
Estimation of direct CO₂ emissions based on heat demand according to SIA standard 380/1 (2016)

The Swiss building stock is responsible for around a quarter of CO2 emissions. Reductions in this area are key to achieving the climate targets. </p><p> The map "CO2 Emissions Buildings (SIA 380/1)" can be used to estimate how much CO2 is emitted for each residential building. These CO2 emissions are calculated for standard conditions for heating and hot water requirements. For the calculation, the publicly accessible input data from the Federal Register of Buildings and Dwellings (GWR) of the Federal Statistical Office are used. This data is not up-to-date everywhere and does not include sufficient information on building renovations. An interactive CO₂ calculator can be used to simulate how the CO2 value changes when energy-efficient renovations are taken into account or a change of energy source is made. The data entered is not saved. You can use this tool for each building under "Object information". </p><p> The information is to be understood as a rough estimate and does not represent official or binding data.</p><p> The CO2 visualisation with the CO2 calculator creates transparency and shows that it is particularly important to keep the ‘GWR’ data up to date. Building owners can help themselves to keep the climate and energy-relevant building data in the ‘GWR’ up to date. A link under "Object information" for each building contains a description of how to report any outdated data. </p><p> You can find further information at https://www.bafu.admin.ch/en/calculator-co2-buildings.
Air pollution by particulate matter PM2.5

"Particulate matter" (PM2.5) refers to particles less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter. These particles are formed during industrial and commercial production processes, combustion processes, mechanical processes (abrasion, whirling-up) and through secondary formation (from sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds). All emission sources such as transport, households, industry and agriculture contribute towards PM2.5 pollution, which causes disorders of the respiratory tract and cardiovascular system and increases the cancer risk and mortality rate. The time series shows the modeled maps of the annual mean values since 2015 in a 100 m grid. PM2.5 concentrations may deviate locally from the modeled data. Individual pixels should not be used to evaluate individual locations. The annual limit for PM2.5 set in the Ordinance on Air Pollution Control is 10 µg/m³.
Air pollution by sulfur dioxide

Higher concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) can have especially negative effects on the respiratory tract; asthmatics and people with chronic respiratory diseases are particularly at risk. SO₂ is toxic to plants. It is also an important precursor for the formation of acid precipitation and secondary particulate matter. Sulphur dioxide emissions are produced by the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels and by some industrial processes. The time series shows the modeled maps of the annual mean values since 1980 in a 200 m grid, and in a 100 m grid from 2020. The SO₂ concentrations may deviate locally from the modeled data. Individual pixels should not be used to evaluate individual locations. The annual limit for SO₂ set in the Ordinance on Air Pollution Control is 30 µg/m³.
Precipitation sum April-August, period 2070-2099, Scenario RCP 8.5

The map shows the precipitation sum (in mm) for the months April to August calculated for the period 2070-2099. The precipitation anomalies of the climate scenario were added to the map «Precipitation April-August 1981-2010», derived from the standard value maps for precipitation from MeteoSwiss. Among the representative concentration pathways, RCP 8.5 with the model combination CLMCOM-CCLM5_HADGEM_EUR44 was selected as a projection for strong climate change (NCCS 2018; Provision of the data by Remund et al. 2020) for the calculation of the precipitation sum in the future. The resulting map has a spatial resolution of 25 m x 25 m. It was used for modelling altitudinal belts of forest vegetation.
National Air Pollution Monitoring Network NABEL: stations

The National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL) monitors air quality at 16 different locations in Switzerland. The monitoring stations are spread over the entire country and measure pollution levels in different types of situations (e.g. streets in city centres, residential areas, rural sites). The NABEL air quality monitoring stations yield different results depending on the type of location. Comparisons of air quality are therefore only possible among stations covering similar location types, not among geographic areas per se.
Invasive alien plants - map of the potential area Solidago gigantea

The set of invasive alien plants shows the maps of the potential areas of 56 alien plants species present in Switzerland as well as some invasive species present in neighboring countries with the potential to reach Switzerland. The maps are the result of model-based tool to anticipate the spread of invasive alien plants listed on the Swiss Black and Watch list. The model is using occurrence data from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), current climate data from Worldclim(1 km resolution) and occurrence data from InfoFlora combined with climate data from the WSL (100 m resolution).The maps with 100 m resolution utilize additional necessary variables including landuse and geology.
Assessment of the Chemical Water Status: Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)

Within the National Surface Water Quality Monitoring Programme (NAWA), water quality is recorded jointly by the federal and cantonal authorities at around 100 monitoring stations. The numerical requirement of 4 mg/l is used for the assessment in this data set. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) can be an indicator of anthropogenic water pollution. The DOC consists of both naturally present and man-made components. The Waters Protection Ordinance specifies a numerical requirement range for DOC of 1 to 4 mg/l C. The chemical water status is assessed on the basis of the DOC concentration by the “Physicochemical Water Quality, Nutrients” method in the Modular Stepwise Procedure (www.modul-stufen-konzept.ch).
Invasive alien plants - map of the potential area Myriophyllum aquaticum

The set of invasive alien plants shows the maps of the potential areas of 56 alien plants species present in Switzerland as well as some invasive species present in neighboring countries with the potential to reach Switzerland. The maps are the result of model-based tool to anticipate the spread of invasive alien plants listed on the Swiss Black and Watch list. The model is using occurrence data from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), current climate data from Worldclim(1 km resolution) and occurrence data from InfoFlora combined with climate data from the WSL (100 m resolution).The maps with 100 m resolution utilize additional necessary variables including landuse and geology.
Invasive alien plants - map of the potential area Ambrosia artemisiifolia

The set of invasive alien plants shows the maps of the potential areas of 56 alien plants species present in Switzerland as well as some invasive species present in neighboring countries with the potential to reach Switzerland. The maps are the result of model-based tool to anticipate the spread of invasive alien plants listed on the Swiss Black and Watch list. The model is using occurrence data from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), current climate data from Worldclim(1 km resolution) and occurrence data from InfoFlora combined with climate data from the WSL (100 m resolution).The maps with 100 m resolution utilize additional necessary variables including landuse and geology.
Assessment of the Chemical Water Status: Total Phosphorus

Within the National Surface Water Quality Monitoring Programme (NAWA), water quality is recorded jointly by the federal and cantonal authorities at around 100 monitoring stations. The chemical water status is assessed on the basis of the total phosphorus concentration by the “Physicochemical Water Quality, Nutrients” method in the Modular Stepwise Procedure (www.modul-stufen-konzept.ch). Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for aquatic organisms. Phosphorus can enter a watercourse in a diffuse manner from agricultural land, and at specific points through wastewater infiltration and stormwater overflows, or by erosion of rock containing phosphorus due to weathering. In contrast to lakes, phosphorus in rivers and streams is not normally limiting for algae and plant growth. As inputs from natural sources are generally low, total phosphorus is primarily an indicator of anthropogenic pollution.
Invasive alien plants - map of the potential area Sedum stoloniferum

The set of invasive alien plants shows the maps of the potential areas of 56 alien plants species present in Switzerland as well as some invasive species present in neighboring countries with the potential to reach Switzerland. The maps are the result of model-based tool to anticipate the spread of invasive alien plants listed on the Swiss Black and Watch list. The model is using occurrence data from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), current climate data from Worldclim(1 km resolution) and occurrence data from InfoFlora combined with climate data from the WSL (100 m resolution).The maps with 100 m resolution utilize additional necessary variables including landuse and geology.
Assessment of the Biological Water Status: Macrophytes

Within the National Surface Water Quality Monitoring Programme (NAWA), water quality is recorded jointly by the federal and cantonal authorities at around 100 monitoring stations. The biological water status is assessed on the basis of macrophyte investigations by the Canton of Zurich method (www.gewaesserqualitaet.zh.ch/fg_methoden [only available in German]). Macrophytes (aquatic plants) such as vascular plants, mosses and algae detectable with the naked eye record the conditions prevailing in the water due to their immobility and long lifetimes. They indicate the overall environmental status, particularly the hydraulic-structural conditions in the water.
Database of cross sections (CS) - surveyed sections

The map shows the reaches of watercourses which are currently surveyed periodically under the leadership of the FOEN. They are usually surveyed every 10 years or after major floods which cause significant morphological changes. The aims of periodic surveying are to identify morphological trends (erosion, aggradation) at an early stage as well as their effects on the stability of flood protection structures or discharge capacity, to provide long-term time series on channel changes as a basis for quantifying the bed-load regime, and to provide current data for planning and risk assessment. The survey data is managed by the Risk Management section of the Hazard Prevention Division.
Monthly rainfall erosivity (R-factor) maps of Switzerland in MJ mm ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ month⁻¹, July

<p>Monthly rainfall erosivity maps (R-factor maps) of Switzerland with a spatial resolution of 100 m. The maps show the spatial and seasonal variability of rainfall erosivity in MJ mm ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ month⁻¹. Light shades of blue indicate a low erosive impact of rainfall and dark shades a high impact.</p> <p>The monthly R-factors are based on precipitation measurements from 87 automatic gauging stations with measurement intervals of 10 minutes (average measuring period of 19.5 years per station). The stations cover all agricultural zones in Switzerland. To exclude the influence of snow, temperatures are also recorded at an hourly resolution for 71 stations or are derived from the nearest station.</p> <p>A comparison of the 12 monthly R-factor maps shows that the summer months (June, July and August) have the highest rainfall erosivity values during the year. The Southern Alps (canton of Ticino), the mountain zones of the Northern Alps and parts of the valley zone have particularly high R-factors in this period. A proportion of 62% of Switzerland's annual rainfall erosivity is recorded between June and September. Identifying regions and periods in which rainfall with an increased erosive impact occurs enables targeted erosion control and a better understanding of the dynamics of erosion processes over the course of a year.</p> The development of monthly rainfall erosivity maps of Switzerland is described in detail in 'Regionalization of monthly rainfall erosivity patterns in Switzerland' by Schmidt et al. (Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 20. 2016. pp. 4359–4373).
Monthly soil erosion risk maps for Swiss permanent grassland, with average soil loss in tons/(ha*month), August

Monthly soil erosion risk maps for Swiss permanent grassland with a spatial resolution of 100m. The maps show the average soil loss in tons per hectare and month. Shades of green, yellow and red mean a low, average and high risk of erosion, respectively.The monthly soil erosion risk maps were calculated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). For this RUSLE application, the monthly dynamic of the rainfall erosivity factor (R-factor) and cover and management factor (C-factor) was considered as follows: A(month)= R(month)*K*C(month)*L*S*P where A(month) is the soil loss in tons per hectare and month and R(month) and C(month) are the monthly R-factor (MJ mm ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ month⁻¹) and C-factor (dimensionless). The other erosion factors are soil erodibility (K-factor), slope length (L-factor), slope steepness (S-factor) and support practices (P-factor). The RUSLE factors were tailored to the specific environmental conditions of Swiss permanent grassland. The P-factor was included in the calculation as a constant with value 1 due to a lack of spatial information on grazing management and its effect on soil erosion.
Protected areas in the civilian air navigation obstacles publication - Hunting Ban Reserves

Under Art. 19 of the Off-Airport Landing Ordinance (AuLaV; SR 748.132.3), protected areas comprise national parks, raised and transition bogs, water and migratory bird reserves, fens, floodplains, federal game reserves, and mire landscapes of national importance in accordance with Art. 32h. Off-airport landings (taking off or landing, and picking up or setting down cargo or persons outside aerodromes as well as emergency landing exercises) is basically prohibited for manned aircraft on protected areas. Based on the specific restrictions and conditions that apply to off-airport landings, a distinction is made in air navigation publications between 4 categories: 1. Hunting Ban reserves 2. Mire landscapes 3. Floodplains 4. Other protected areas (raised and transition bogs, fens, water and migratory bird reserves, national parks). Each category of protected area is divided into two generalisation levels: in small-scale views, the protected areas are displayed for readability in generalised form and inversely proportional to area, with a lateral buffer of between 1 and 80 m. In the large-scale views, the perimeters of the protected site are displayed in the legally valid dimensions. Off-aerodrome landings and emergency landing exercises in game reserves are not permitted, subject to Art. 19 para. 3, Art. 28 and Art. 46 para. 4. Off-airport landings in order to prevent natural hazards, for forestry and agricultural purposes, for provisioning publicly-accessible cabins, and for the construction or maintenance of buildings and installations in the public interest, off-airport landings and hovering on training flights, off-airport landings on behalf of the competent cantonal authorities, and off-airport landings authorised by such authorities for the construction of maintenance of buildings and installations are permitted. For flights for other work purposes, the ban applies only from 1 November to 31 July.
Invasive alien plants - map of the potential area Lupinus polyphyllus

The set of invasive alien plants shows the maps of the potential areas of 56 alien plants species present in Switzerland as well as some invasive species present in neighboring countries with the potential to reach Switzerland. The maps are the result of model-based tool to anticipate the spread of invasive alien plants listed on the Swiss Black and Watch list. The model is using occurrence data from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), current climate data from Worldclim(1 km resolution) and occurrence data from InfoFlora combined with climate data from the WSL (100 m resolution).The maps with 100 m resolution utilize additional necessary variables including landuse and geology.