AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Invasive alien plants - map of the potential area Bassia scoparia

The set of invasive alien plants shows the maps of the potential areas of 56 alien plants species present in Switzerland as well as some invasive species present in neighboring countries with the potential to reach Switzerland. The maps are the result of model-based tool to anticipate the spread of invasive alien plants listed on the Swiss Black and Watch list. The model is using occurrence data from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), current climate data from Worldclim(1 km resolution) and occurrence data from InfoFlora combined with climate data from the WSL (100 m resolution).The maps with 100 m resolution utilize additional necessary variables including landuse and geology.
Invasive alien plants - map of the potential area Bunias orientalis

The set of invasive alien plants shows the maps of the potential areas of 56 alien plants species present in Switzerland as well as some invasive species present in neighboring countries with the potential to reach Switzerland. The maps are the result of model-based tool to anticipate the spread of invasive alien plants listed on the Swiss Black and Watch list. The model is using occurrence data from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), current climate data from Worldclim(1 km resolution) and occurrence data from InfoFlora combined with climate data from the WSL (100 m resolution).The maps with 100 m resolution utilize additional necessary variables including landuse and geology.
Relief shading of vegetation height model Sentinel NFI

Information on vegetation height is determined using remote sensing methods with active and passive sensors. LiDAR is an active sensor. An optical sensor, for example an aerial camera, is a passive sensor. LiDAR is incorporated in Switzerland on a regional, cantonal and national level. Stereo aerial photos are regularly recorded on a national level in a three year cycle. Regular 3D data sets and digital surface models (DSM) with a high resolution are created from this predictable core data from swisstopo within the framework of the National Forest Inventory (NFI). From the difference between the DSM and the digital terrain model by swisstopo (swissAlti3D), a normalised digital surface model (nDSM) is calculated. Buildings are eliminated using a combination of the ground areas of the swisstopo topographic landscape model (TLM) and spectral information from the stereo aerial photos. The end result is a model of vegetation height (vegetation height model VHM) in Switzerland.
Relief shading of vegetation height model NFI

Information on vegetation height is determined using remote sensing methods with active and passive sensors. LiDAR is an active sensor. An optical sensor, for example an aerial camera, is a passive sensor. LiDAR is incorporated in Switzerland on a regional, cantonal and national level. Stereo aerial photos are regularly recorded on a national level in a three year cycle. Regular 3D data sets and digital surface models (DSM) with a high resolution are created from this predictable core data from swisstopo within the framework of the National Forest Inventory (NFI). From the difference between the DSM and the digital terrain model by swisstopo (swissAlti3D), a normalised digital surface model (nDSM) is calculated. Buildings are eliminated using a combination of the ground areas of the swisstopo topographic landscape model (TLM) and spectral information from the stereo aerial photos. The end result is a model of vegetation height (vegetation height model VHM) in Switzerland.
Forest mix rate NFI

Information on the degree of forest mix rate NFI is modelled using remote sensing methods. Based on the freely available Copernicus (ESA) Sentinel-1 and -2 satellite data (image stacks from previous years), the proportion of deciduous and coniferous wood is evaluated nationwide in grid cells with a spatial resolution of 10 metres. A machine learning method is used for this purpose. Interpreted polygons of aerial photographs serve as reference data for the modelling. Each raster cell carries the information on the proportion of deciduous trees. The data set refers to all stands nationwide, not only to the LFI forest area. The spatially explicit forest mix rate NFI may differ from the mix rate NFI of the terrestrial sample survey. In the terrestrial determination of the degree of mixing, the basal area ratio of deciduous and coniferous trees is used. In the case of the forest mix rate NFI based on the Sentinel-1 and -2 satellite data, the ratio of the visible tree crowns of deciduous and coniferous tree proportions is calculated.
Precipitation sum June-August, period 2070-2099, Scenario RCP 8.5

The map shows the precipitation sum (in mm) for the months June to August calculated for the period 2070-2099. The precipitation anomalies of the climate scenario were added to the map «Precipitation June-August 1981-2010», derived from the standard value maps for precipitation from MeteoSwiss. Among the representative concentration pathways, RCP 8.5 with the model combination CLMCOM-CCLM5_HADGEM_EUR44 was selected as a projection for strong climate change (NCCS 2018; Provision of the data by Remund et al. 2020) for the calculation of the precipitation sum in the future. The resulting map has a spatial resolution of 25 m x 25 m. It was used for modelling altitudinal belts of forest vegetation.
“Aquaprotect” areas of flooding: 250-year recurrence period

The areas of flooding included in “Aquaprotect” take the form of a rough overview (prepared with the aid of basic methods) of areas of Switzerland that are susceptible to damage caused by occasional and very infrequent flooding. This is intended as a rough overview of the risks and hazards, and therefore does not replace the detailed risk maps (<http://www.bafu.admin.ch/gefahrenkarten>). For example, it does not take existing flood protection measures into account, and in the event of not yet available risk maps it merely permits an approximate assessment of potential flood damage.The areas of flooding included in “Aquaprotect” concern floods in recurrence periods of 50, 100, 250 and 500 years. For example, a flood with a recurrence period of 100 years refers to a level of flooding which, viewed over a very lengthy timeframe, is reached on average once every 100 years. The fact that a given area is not included in “Aquaprotect” does not mean that there is no risk of flooding in that area. Due to the simplified method that is applied, only a rough overview is provided. At more detailed scales than 1:50,000, areas susceptible to flooding are only depicted with the aid of shading. The aim here is to avoid misinterpretation due to insufficiently accurate depiction.
Invasive alien plants - map of the potential area N.N.

The set of invasive alien plants shows the maps of the potential areas of 56 alien plants species present in Switzerland as well as some invasive species present in neighboring countries with the potential to reach Switzerland. The maps are the result of model-based tool to anticipate the spread of invasive alien plants listed on the Swiss Black and Watch list. The model is using occurrence data from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), current climate data from Worldclim(1 km resolution) and occurrence data from InfoFlora combined with climate data from the WSL (100 m resolution).The maps with 100 m resolution utilize additional necessary variables including landuse and geology.
Database of wasterwater treatment plants (ARA-DB) - capacity (PE)

Since the 1980s, the FOEN (formerly the Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape) has kept a database with information about the central ARA. The underlying original maps were drawn up by the operators of wastewater treatment plants each time a plant was opened but later, when technical improvements were made, they were not updated frequently or systematically. Information about key figures on wastewater disposal comes from a 2011 survey by the Swiss Water Association and is based on the SWA’s 2006 recommendations. The percentages of wastewater in receiving watercourses at low water were estimated as part of the FOEN’s “Strategy Micropoll” project. In future, the updated SWA recommendation will form the basis for definitions of the key figures. The survey will be carried out periodically. In addition, the FOEN surveys the condition of Switzerland’s communal wastewater disposal in cantons approximately every five years. This was last done on 01/01/2011.
Grayling population of national importance: core areas

The data on grayling populations of national importance includes three subproducts; the core zones layer includes the areas of particular importance for grayling populations, based on biological and/or ecomorphological characteristics at fisheries. The core data come from the atlas of fish and cyclostome distribution in Switzerland (Pedroli et al. 1991), cantonal catch statistics and information from the cantonal management of fisheries.
Lothar 1999 storm damage inventory

The aim of the federal government’s “Lothar” storm damage inventory was to produce a complete and uniform database of total and partial damage to forests throughout Switzerland. The following criteria and conditions were defined for this purpose: Area of total damage: Destroyed forest with a maximum degree of vegetation cover of the residual stand of <= 0.2 (20%), regardless of the previous vegetation cover of the forest. Area of partial damage: Partially destroyed forest with a residual stand in the upper layer and a degree of vegetation cover between 0.2 and 0.6; areas with a degree of vegetation cover >= 0.6 no longer qualify as areas of storm damage. Examples of delimitation problems relating to areas of total and partial damage are presented in chapter 8 (red boundaries on slides), together with the corresponding solutions. Areas of forest which had a low degree of vegetation cover before the occurrence of storm damage (e.g. woodlands with loose stands) represent particularly difficult challenges in terms of aerial photo interpretation. The examples shown in chapter 7.5 served as aids for estimating degrees of cover. Minimal areas: 1 hectare per recorded area. A template (slide) for various aerial image scales was used for verifying the elimination of stands. Collective forest areas: If areas of different types of damage existed, the entire area had to exceed 1 hectare. In some cases, a partial area may be less than 1 hectare.
Assessment of the Biological Water Status: Macrozoobenthos

. Within the National Surface Water Quality Monitoring Programme (NAWA), water quality is recorded jointly by the federal and cantonal authorities at around 100 monitoring stations. The biological water status is assessed on the basis of macrozoobenthos investigations by the macrozoobenthos module in the Modular Stepwise Procedure (www.modul-stufen-konzept.ch). The outcome of anthropogenic interference in the rivers is generally assumed to be reduced biodiversity, which particularly affects some insects. The small invertebrates on the bed of a watercourse are called macrozoobenthos. A large part of the life cycle of these organisms is spent in the water, which makes them suitable bioindicators because they integrate the water status throughout their life span and because their requirements in terms of water quality and habitat are largely well known
Reaches surveyed - cross section securing point

The map shows the reaches of watercourses which are currently surveyed periodically under the leadership of the FOEN. They are usually surveyed every 10 years or after major floods which cause significant morphological changes. The aims of periodic surveying are to identify morphological trends (erosion, aggradation) at an early stage as well as their effects on the stability of flood protection structures or discharge capacity, to provide long-term time series on channel changes as a basis for quantifying the bed-load regime, and to provide current data for planning and risk assessment. The survey data is managed by the Risk Management section of the Hazard Prevention Division
Invasive alien plants - map of the potential area Solanum carolinense

The set of invasive alien plants shows the maps of the potential areas of 56 alien plants species present in Switzerland as well as some invasive species present in neighboring countries with the potential to reach Switzerland. The maps are the result of model-based tool to anticipate the spread of invasive alien plants listed on the Swiss Black and Watch list. The model is using occurrence data from GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), current climate data from Worldclim(1 km resolution) and occurrence data from InfoFlora combined with climate data from the WSL (100 m resolution).The maps with 100 m resolution utilize additional necessary variables including landuse and geology.
Vegetation height model NFI

Countrywide vegetation height models (VHM) were generated for Switzerland based on stereo aerial images, acquired by the Federal Office of Topography swisstopo. From the ADS-80/100 sensor data, first a digital surface model (DSM) with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 m is processed. This DSM is then normalized using the digital terrain model (DTM) swissALTI3D (swisstopo). Buildings and other artificial objects are masked out from the normalized DSM (nDSM) using information from the topographic landscape model - TLM (swisstopo) to obtain the actual vegetation height model (VHM). These VHMs are produced in the framework of the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI). Each year about 1/6 of Switzerland's surface is updated using the leaf-on aerial images acquired by swisstopo (May - October). Further information on the creation of the VHM NFI can be found in the paper Ginzler and Hobi (2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70404343).
Geochemical soil atlas of Switzerland: Magnesium

Interpolated element concentrations (mg/kg fine soil) in the topsoil (0-20 cm) of Switzerland. For the Ordinary Kriging interpolations (1 km x 1 km), measurement data from a total of 1,201 sites of the Swiss Biodiversity Monitoring, the National Soil Monitoring and the European Geochemical Soil Atlas were taken into account. The element concentrations were analyzed in aqua regia digests (HNO₃:HCl:H₂O) of dried (40°C), sieved (< 2 mm) and subsequently ground soil samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Sites with known anthropogenic overprinting of element concentrations (point sources) were excluded in advance. The results of the geochemical soil atlas are a snapshot of the element concentrations in the topsoils of Switzerland (sampling period 2011-2015). The interpolated maps serve to improve the visualization of regions with elevated or low concentrations. However, no plot-specific information or definitive conclusions on the geology, bioavailability, percentage distribution of geogenic and anthropogenic sources or soil contamination can be derived from them. Citation of the publication: J. E. Reusser, M. B. Siegenthaler, L. H. E. Winkel, D. Wächter, R. Kretzschmar, R. G. Meuli: Geochemischer Bodenatlas der Schweiz. Agroscope; Zürich, 2023.
Geochemical soil atlas of Switzerland: Cadmium

Interpolierte Cadmium-Konzentrationen (mg/kg Feinerde) in den Oberböden (0–20 cm) der Schweiz. Für die Ordinary Kriging Interpolationen (1 km x 1 km) wurden Messdaten von insgesamt 1'201 Standorten des Biodiversitätsmonitorings Schweiz, der Nationalen Bodenbeobachtung und des europäischen geochemischen Bodenatlas berücksichtigt. Die Element-Konzentrationen wurden in Königswasser Aufschlüssen (HNO₃:HCl:H₂O) von getrockneten (40°C), gesiebten (< 2 mm) und anschliessend gemahlenen Bodenproben mittels induktiv gekoppelter Plasma Massenspektrometrie analysiert. Standorte mit bekannter anthropogener Überprägung der Element-Konzentrationen (Punktquellen) wurden vorgängig ausgeschlossen. Bei den Ergebnissen des geochemischen Bodenatlas handelt es sich um eine Momentaufnahme der Element-Konzentrationen in den Oberböden der Schweiz (Probenahmezeitraum 2011–2015). Die interpolierten Karten dienen der verbesserten Visualisierung von Regionen mit erhöhten resp. tiefen Konzentrationen. Es können daraus jedoch keine parzellenscharfen Informationen oder definitive Rückschlüsse auf die Geologie, die Bioverfügbarkeit, die prozentualen Verteilung der geogenen und anthropogenen Quellen sowie die Belastung des Bodens abgeleitet werden. Zitat Publikation: J. E. Reusser, M. B. Siegenthaler, L. H. E. Winkel, D. Wächter, R. Kretzschmar, R. G. Meuli: Geochemischer Bodenatlas der Schweiz. Agroscope, Zürich, 2023.
Topographical catchment areas of Swiss waterbodies 2 km²

The data set ‹sub-basins 2 km²› is the central element of the geodata set. It is made up of a comprehensive mosaic of over 22,000 topographically defined sub-basin areas that can be quickly and simply combined with overall catchment areas in each GIS thanks to its hierarchical structure. The polygons in the overall catchment areas can be freely accessed in a separate data set. This derivative of a geo data set contains a series of already calculated figures for land cover and physical geography. The relevant overall catchment area is presented in the federal map viewer (www.map.geo.admin.ch) by clicking on the layer. Various figures in this region are also visible.
Vegetation height model Sentinel NFI

Countrywide vegetation height models (VHM) were generated for Switzerland based on Copernicus Sentinel-2 imagery and the digital terrain model (DTM) swissALTI3D from the Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was trained to estimate the maximum vegetation height at the spatial resolution of the Sentinel-2 pixel of 10 m. Vegetation heights from the spatially higher-resolved VHM Lidar NFI were used as reference data for the CNN training. Within the framework of the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI), the VHMs were modelled annually based on available Sentinel-2 imagery from May – September of the respective year. Further details on the creation of the VHM Sentinel NFI can be found in the paper Jiang et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srs.2023.100099). Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data.
Water availability for plants

Too little water is available to the trees more and more often: •The vegetation and soil release water into the atmosphere, even moreso the warmer and drier the air. Plants evaporate water through their leaves. Evapotranspiration is the sum of the water released into the atmosphere. •The current evapotranspiration (ETa) depends on the availability of water, i.e. on the amount of precipitation and the capacity of the soil to store rainwater. The potential evapotranspiration (ETp) is the amount of water that would be released into the atmosphere if sufficient water were available. •Below an ETa/ETp ratio of 0.8, drought is likely to affect the plant, as the stomata in the leaves are often closed and the trees limit photosynthesis. •In light and especially dark blue areas there are no disturbances to be expected. •In areas marked yellow to red, the trees can be expected to be affected by drought, especially in the wine red areas. •Trend: Return and expansion of yellow to red areas increase in the period 1981-2018. Period 1981-2018, April to August, spatial resolution 250m x 250m. Source: Remund et al. (2016).
Air pollution by Ozone

Ground-level ozone has negative impacts on human health and vegetation. High levels in particular lead to irritation of the respiratory tract and lung tissue. In plants, high ozone concentrations cause visible damage to leaves and needles and can lead to harvest losses. Ground-level ozone is a secondary pollutant that is formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. The time series shows the modeled maps of the maximum monthly 98th percentiles since 1990 in a 200 m grid, and in a 100 m grid from 2020. The Oᴣ concentrations may deviate locally from the modeled data. Individual pixels should not be used to evaluate individual locations. The limit for 98th percentile of the monthly half-hourly Oᴣ values set in the Ordinance on Air Pollution Control is 100 µg/m³.
Flood alert map

The flood alert map shows the current flood danger level (1 to 5) for all and for the regions in relation to small and medium-sized rivers. The rivers of national interest are divided into individual stretches of river, each of which has a defined discharge gauging station. The forecast is based on a hydrological model and various weather models. Depending on how the forecasters assess and interpret the models, individual stretches of river and lakes are colour-coded by danger level. If necessary, the FOEN forecasters may request more detailed information on weather developments and the status of snow cover from MeteoSwiss and/or the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF). The FOEN also issues alerts and information when a strong increase in discharge is expected locally on small and medium-sized rivers. In such cases – especially during thunderstorms with heavy rainfall – it is not possible to predict precisely which water bodies will be affected. Therefore, the regions likely to be affected are marked on the flood alert map. There are only three danger levels for small and medium-sized rivers due to the greater uncertainties involved: no or minor danger (green), moderate flood danger (yellow) and high flood danger (red).
Ecomorphology Level F – River reaches

To enable watercourses to be fully protected, their status must be known. The Modular Stepwise Procedure provides the framework for standardised investigation and assessment of watercourses. The procedure is modular in structure and comprises surveys of hydrology, watercourse structure (ecomorphology), water chemistry and ecotoxicology, and the communities of animals, plants and microorganisms (biology). The Ecomorphology module surveys the structural characteristics of the streams and rivers in regions as a whole (e.g. cantons, regions, municipalities) (Level F). The “River Reaches” layer shows the classification of the individual watercourse reaches from natural to artificial and culverted (reference geometry VECTOR25 GWN). They are classified on the basis of the summary assessment of ecologically important features such as the nature of the banks.
Diffuse dissolved phosphorus inputs into waters, modelled values

Phosphorus inputs into waters represent an undesirable pollution load. Over recent decades high inputs of dissolved phosphorus have led to eutrophication of the lakes of the central plateau. A total of some 740 tonnes of dissolved phosphorus enter Swiss waters every year from diffuse sources. Intensively used grassland on hillsides is responsible for high inputs. </p><p> The dissolved phosphorus inputs into waters have been analysed by the MODIFFUS material flux model for all the diffuse input sources (arable land, permanent grassland, forest, glaciers, urban green space etc.) and their pathways (leaching, run-off, drainage, atmospheric deposition etc.). The map shows the total input for each land use category in the hectare grid, based on the 2013/18 land use statistics. Average climatic conditions are used and the reference year is2020. </p><p> These modelled values are not equivalent to values measured in the waters because they do not take into account the conversion and deposition processes, both on land and in the waters themselves. The results are interpretable for hydrological or administrative units over 50 km² in size, but not for single pixels
Nettomiete für Wohnungen nach Zimmerzahl

Median der Nettomiete für Wohnungen nach Zimmerzahl in CHF, Kanton Zug, 2003 bis 2026.

Bei den Mietpreisen handelt es sich um Angebotsmietpreise für Neuvermietungen. Es wird der Median der Nettomiete in Franken pro Monat ausgewiesen. Bei weniger als 5 Beobachtungen wird kein Wert ausgewiesen.

(QUELLE: Wüest und Partner)

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