AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Preferential deposition of snow and dust over hills: governing processes and relevant scales

Preferential deposition of snow and dust over complex terrain is responsible for a wide range of environmental processes, and accounts for a significant source of uncertainty in surface mass balances of cold and arid regions. Despite the growing body of literature on the subject, previous studies reported contradictory results on the location and magnitude of deposition maxima and minima. This study aims at unraveling the  governing processes of preferential deposition in neutrally stable atmosphere and to reconcile seemingly inconsistent results of previous works. For this purpose, a comprehensive modeling approach is developed, based on large eddy simulations of the turbulent airflow, Lagrangian stochastic model of particle trajectories, and immersed-boundary method to represent the underlying topography. The model performance is tested against wind tunnel measurements of dust deposition around isolated and sequential hills. A scale analysis is then performed to investigate the dependence of snowfall deposition on the particle Froude and Stokes numbers, which fully account for the governing processes of inertia, flow advection, and gravity. Additional simulations are performed, to test whether the often used assumption of inertialess particles yields accurate deposition patterns. We finally show that our scale analysis provides qualitatively similar results for hills with different aspect ratios.
This dataset contains the results of the LES-LSM model. Each Matlab file contains a 2D array of deposition values (in kg/m2) in each surface node (ix, iy) of the Cartesian grid. The file names are consistent with the simulation numbers listed  in the original paper. For additional information, please refer to "Preferential deposition of snow and dust over hills: governing processes and relevant scales" by F. Comola, M. G. Giometto, S. T. Salesky, M. B. Parlange, and M. Lehning, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2019.

Tags: atmosphere, deposition, dust, hill, particles, snow, turbulence
Supporting information for case study on the application of spore sampling for the monitoring of macrofungi

Resources associated with the manuscript *A case study on the application of spore sampling for the monitoring of macrofungi* ([Schlegel et al. 2024](https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13941)).
Airborne environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring of fungi was evaluated on a species-rich grassland site. Extensive fruiting body surveys yielded 29 waxcap and clavarioid species, 19 of which were also detectable in air eDNA. The analysis indicates that spores of locally occurring fruiting bodies were detected, in addition to a large diversity of common fungal species, while rare and threatened species were under-represented in the air.
*Version 1* of the dataset was submitted during the review phase. *Version 2* contains minor changes and clarifications, and is up to date with the [published supplement](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1111%2F1755-0998.13941&file=men13941-sup-0001-AppendixS1.pdf) of the study.
The contents of the ZIP archive:
* analysis scripts in [R-Markdown](https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com) format, including the rendered PDF output with figures and tables (*analysis* directory)
* eDNA sample metadata (*amplicon_meta*) and results of the amplicon clustering (*amplicon_data*) and the source code of the pipeline (*amplicon_pipeline*)
* positions of all fruiting body groups found in the surveys (3838 GPS points) (*surveys*)
* positions of the spore traps, taxonomy of studied grassland fungi and red-list species, and many more resources
Please refer to `README.pdf` inside the archive for a complete description of the file structure and information on how to reproduce the analyses.

Tags: air-sampling, environmental-dna, metabarcoding, monitoring, spore-dispersal
CALISHTO campaign dataset for the publication Biological and Dust Aerosols as Sources of Ice-nucleating Particles in the Eastern Mediterranean

This repository contains all observational data sets during CALISHTO campaign used for the paper:
Gao, K., Vogel, F., Foskinis, R., Vratolis, S., Gini, M. I., Granakis, K., Billault-Roux, A.-C., Georgakaki, P., Zografou, O., Fetfatzis, P., Berne, A., Papagiannis, A., Eleftheridadis, K., Möhler, O., and Nenes, A.: Biological and dust aerosol as sources of ice nucleating particles in the Eastern Mediterranean: source apportionment, atmospheric processing and parameterization, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-511, 2024.

Tags: aerosol-cloud-interactions, aerosol-source-apportionment, biological-particles, ice-nucleation, inp-parameterization
Pine insects along elevational gradients

The colonization of cut pine stems by wood-inhabiting insects was investigated at various elevations. The study sites were located in the regions of Aosta Valley (Italy), Valais (Switzerland), and Grisons (Switzerland). In each region, there were two gradients in pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests, with three study sites at 900 m, 1200 m, and 1600 m a.s.l. each. Vital trees were felled in late autumn and the stems were colonized by pioneering xylophagous insects and their natural enemies next spring. Pieces of these stems were cut and exposed in emergence traps in a greenhouse. In each region the survey was done in two consecutive years.
Please contact author for terms of use.

Tags: bark-beetles, elevation, gradient, insects, parasitoids, pests, pinus, predators
WFJ2: Snow measurements from the Weissfluhjoch research site, Davos

This dataset provides HS, TSS and TS50, TS100, TS150 at the station WFJ2 situated on the Weisfluhjoch research site (2536 m asl). It has been created from merging ENET and IMIS datsets to form a continuous timeseries from 1992- present. ENET is at 1 h resolution whereas IMIS is 30 min. This is a level 2 dataset as defined [here](http://models.slf.ch/p/dataset-processing/).

Tags: enet, imis, snow-height, snow-temperatures, snow-water-equivalent, weissfluhjoch
Data on multi-year drought impacts on European beech in northern Switzerland

This study investigated multi-year drought impacts on beech forests through a unique large-scale monitoring of 963 individual beech trees, which showed either premature leaf discoloration during the drought in summer 2018 or no visible damage. We conducted the study in two highly drought-affected regions in northern Switzerland and one less drought-affected region located further south. We quantified the development of crown dieback and tree mortality as well as secondary drought damage, i.e. the presence of bleeding cankers and bark beetle infestations, in these trees for three consecutive years. We also determined the impact of several potential climate- and stand-related (predisposing) factors  on  mortality  and  drought  legacy  processes.

Tags: drought-2018, european-summer-drought, fagus-sylvatica, forests, growth-reaction-to-drought-stress, leaf-senescence
A dataset of 40000 trees with section-wise measured stem diameter and length and volume of branches from across Switzerland

The data presented here were prepared for publication in form of a data paper. The dataset presents an update of the information in Didion M, Herold A, Vulovic Z, Nitzsche J, Stillhard J (2022) Datasets for deriving functions for the stem- and branchwood volume in the Swiss National Forest Inventory. EnviDat. doi:https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.358. The new dataset is based on an alternative, more accurate and comprehensive dataset, that was identified as the source of the dataset in Didion et al. 2022. It includes additional data, including newly digitized information.
The dataset includes section-wise stem measurements on 40’349 felled individual trees and empirically derived coarse (diameter -= 7 cm) and fine branch volume of 27’297 and 18’980, respectively, individual trees. The data were collected between 1888 and 1974 across Switzerland covering a large topographic gradient and a diverse species range. The dataset has undergone quality controls and due to its origin from 768 plots of the Experimental Forest Management project long-term consistency is assured.

Tags: allometry, branchwood, growing-stock, section-wise-diameter, stemwood, tree-volume
COSMO-WRF Dataset for Swiss Alps Simulations in Gray-Zone Resolution

This dataset contains simulation data for *"Influence of Air Flow Features on Alpine Wind Energy Potential" (Kristianti et al., 2024).*
•	The WRF_dia2702 and WRF_dia1103 folders contain the namelist.wps, namelist.input, and output files from the simulation in the Diablerets region on 27/02/2021 and 11/03/2021, respectively.
•	The WRF_luk2310 and WRF_luk0912 folders contain the namelist.wps, namelist.input, and output files from the simulation in the Lukmanier region on 23/10/2020 and 09/12/2020, respectively.
•	The postprocessing file contains Python codes used to create figures in Kristianti et al. (2024).
**Notes:**
•	Topography input is provided by Gerber et al. (2021).
•	Simulations are run using the COSMO-WRF model developed by Gerber et al. (2018).
•	Visualization by Python code uses wrf-python provided by Ladwig et al. (2017).
*This dataset was produced by the EDGE consortium sponsored by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy's SWEET programme, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF): Grant 179130, and the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) projects s938, s1115 and s1242.*

Tags: complex-terrain, cosmo-wrf, grayzone, numerical-simulation, wrf
Stem discs LWF

Measurement of tree ring widts in tree stem disks according to 'Bräker O.U. (1993) Anleitung zur Entnahme von Stammscheiben auf Ertragskundeflächen'
 Purpose: 
tree growth

Tags: dendrochronology, icp-forests, long-term-forest-ecosystem-research, stem-disc, swiss-forest-lab, tree-ring-width
High resolution land use forecasts for Switzerland in the 21st century

We present forecasts of land-use/land-cover (LULC) change for Switzerland for three time-steps in the 21st century under the representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5, and at 100-m spatial and 14-class thematic resolution. We modelled the spatial suitability for each LULC class with a neural network (NN) using -200 predictors and accounting for climate and policy changes. We used data augmentation to increase performance for underrepresented classes, resulting in an overall quantity disagreement of 0.053 and allocation disagreement of 0.15, which indicate good model performance. These class-specific spatial suitability maps outputted by the NN were then merged in a single LULC map per time-step using the CLUE-S algorithm, accounting for LULC demand for the future and a set of LULC transition rules. As the first LULC forecast for Switzerland at a thematic resolution comparable to available LULC  maps for the past, this product lends itself to applications in land-use planning, resource management, ecological and hydraulic modelling, habitat restoration and conservation.

Tags: land-cover, land-use, landscape, landscape-change, machine-learning, modelling
Photogrammetric Drone Data Latschuelfurgga

To map and assess snow depth on different dates, 9 flights were conducted in the winter season of 2020/21 at the Latschüelfurgga in Davos. The data was captured with a Sony RX1R II mounted on a Wingtra drone and was processed with the Agisoft Metashape software. High-resolution DSMs, orthomosaics and snow height rasters, as well as the original RGB images from each flight are available.

Tags: drone-data, dsm, orthophoto, photogrammetry, snow-depth-mapping, uav, wingtra
snowBedFoam: an OpenFOAM Eulerian-Lagrangian solver for modelling snow transport

snowBedFoam 1.0. is a snow transport solver implemented in the computational fluid dynamics software OpenFOAM. It is adapted from the standard multi-phase flow solver DPMFoam for application in snow-influenced environments. 
To simulate aeolian snow transport, snowBedFoam 1.0. handles coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian phases, which involve a finite number of particles (snow) spread in a continuous phase (air). The snow erosion and deposition are modelled through physics-based equations similar to the ones employed in the well-established LES-Lagrangian Stochastic Model (Comola and Lehning, 2017 ; Sharma et al., 2018 ; Melo et al., 2022). This modelling approach is computationally intensive and thus adapted to simulate snow movement and distribution on small scale terrain.
First, snowBedFoam 1.0. was applied to topographical data collected on Arctic sea ice during the MOSAiC expedition (Clemens-Sewall, 2021). Together with atmospheric data from the MOSAiC Met City (Shupe et al., 2021) used for the fluid forcing, the model was able to accurately simulate the zones of erosion and deposition of snow along a complex ice ridge structure (Hames et al., 2022). 
Second, snowBedFoam 1.0. was used to simulate the snow distribution around the German Antarctic research station Neumayer Station III. The effect of snow properties, fluid forcing and aerodynamic structures on the snow accumulation were assessed. 
snowBedFoam 1.0 was implemented in 2 different OpenFOAM versions, namely OpenFOAM-2.3.0 and OpenFOAM-5.0. The latter offers more options for turbulence models and boundary conditions. The fundamental model equations were not changed from one implementation to the other, thus both still correspond to snowBedFoam 1.0. The two branches are called snowBedFoam-v1-2.3.0 (OpenFOAM-2.3.0)  and snowBedFoam-v1-5.0 (OpenFOAM-5.0). The core codes of snowBedFoam 1.0. are directly accessible on the WSL/SLF GitLab repository (more details in the Resources section).

Tags: antarctica, arctic-sea-ice, mosaic, openfoam, snow-deposition, snow-transport
SwissLichens - Distribution of lichens in Switzerland

This dataset provides distribution data of lichens in Switzerland of the National Data and Information Centre, called Swiss Lichens. SwissLichens is a partner of InfoSpecies, the network of Swiss data and information centres for fauna, flora and fungi. One of its main objectives is to document the spatial and temporal distribution of species in Switzerland.
The SwissLichens database currently contains more than 120’000 georeferenced lichen observations, distributed throughout Swizerland. The oldest observations date back to 1790. A large portion of the records dtae from the last two decades of the last century to the present day. The database is continuously updated with new findings. The data have been validated and originate from national inventories, from research projects, from floristic observations by volunteers as well as from private and public herbaria and from the literature.
Each record consists of the species name, information of the location (Swiss Coordinates, precision of the coordinates, elevation above sea level, municipality and canton), the date of observation, the ecotype (epiphytic, terricol, lignicol, saxicol), as well as information on the conservation status of the species (red list status, conservation priority status, status in the Nature and Cultural Heritage Act). Information on the ecology (habitat, substrate) is partially available.
They are free of charge for research projects and can be requested from InfoSpecies using a form.
Licence under www.infospecies.ch. Data is free of charge for research projects and available on request.

Tags: biodiversity, lichen-conservation, lichen-distribution, lichens, national-data-centre, swisslichens, switzerland
Information on soil based on the soil dependency of the FOEN red list species

This dataset contains all data on which the following publication below is based.
Paper Citation:
Frey B., Maurer C., Schneider K. (2023) Informationen zum Boden anhand der Gebundenheit der Rote-Liste Arten BAFU. Bundesamt für Umwelt BAFU. 26 p.
Please cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile.
Soil is the habitat and basis of life for countless creatures. The great importance of soil organisms for the fertility of our soils is widely recognized, but information is sparse on their distribution and possible endangerment in Switzerland. In the present project, target species, i.e. species that are closely linked to the soil, were identified, and for the the first time, information was gathered on the degree of endangerment of the soil ecosystem in Switzerland on the basis of Red List species. For eleven Red List  groups, the species' soil dependency was determined, i.e. whether their life cycle includes stages in or on the soil. The assessment of soil dependency was made using four classes, which enabled the classification not only of insects but also of vertebrates, land snails, lichens and fungi.

Tags: conservation, database, eco-fauna, ecosystem-protection, fauna, fungi, info-fauna, lichens, red-list, soil-biodiversity, soil-dependency, soil-organisms, soil-quality
Deadwood sampling at Sanasilva and LWF sites

Sampling of deadwood for density and chemical analysis during summer 2009
 Purpose: 
Determination of N and C pools of deadwood
 Paper Citation: 
 * WEGGLER, K.; DOBBERTIN, M.; JÜNGLING, E.; KAUFMANN, E.; THÜRIG, E., 2012. Dead wood volume to dead wood carbon: the issue of conversion factors. European Journal of Forest Research 131, 1423-1438.

Tags: carbon, deadwood, icp-forests, lignin, long-term-forest-ecosystem-research, nitrogen, swiss-forest-lab
Legacy effects of premature defoliation in response to an extreme drought event modulate phytochemical profiles with subtle consequences for leaf herbivory in European beech

What are the research data files about: 
Raw data on various beech (Fagus sylvatica) leaf traits. Beech leaf chemistry (primary and specialized metabolites), leaf damage measurements from various herbivore feeding guilds and crown health assessment
Which methods were used: 
Field surveys on trees that showed either prematured defoliation due to drought-stress or showed not pre-mature defoliation. .
When and where was the data collected/analyzed: 
Field data was collected in 2019, 2020
Data was analyzed in 2021-2023

Tags: climate-change, drought-legacy, fagus-sylvatica, herbivory, phytochemistry
Pfynwald 2019 - Dendrochronological and tree-ring isotope dataset

Data from a 17-year-long irrigation experiment (Pfynwald, Switzerland) in a naturally dry forest dominated by 100-year-old pine trees (Pinus sylvestris). This dataset includes measure tree-ring width and tree-ring isotope chronologies (stable isotope ratios of non-exchangeable hydrogen δ2H,  oxygen δ18O, and carbon δ13C), for the Pfynwald experiment, including control trees, irrigation and irrigation-stop treatments until the year 2019. 
This dataset contains all data on which the following publication below is based.
Please cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile.

Tags: dendrochronology, isotopes, pfynwald, pinus-sylvestris, scots-pine, tree-ring-cellulose, tree-rings
Soil property maps for the Swiss forest

We used 2071 forest soil profiles to model a wide range of soil properties for the forested area of Switzerland. The spatial prediction is based on the principle of «digital soil mapping». This involves linking soil profiles with soil forming factors using statistical or machine learning methods.
A quantile regression forest (QRF) approach was applied to predict the following soil properties at six depth ranges: clay, gravel, sand, fine earth density, SOC. The depth ranges correspond to the standard depths of the [GlobalSoilMap.Net](https://www.isric.org/) specification: 0–5, 5–15, 15–30, 30–60, 60–100 and 100–200 cm. In addition, the total soil depth down to a non-root-permeable layer or solid rock soil thick was predicted. To quantify the uncertainty for each predicted pixel, the upper and lower limit of the 90% prediction interval derived from QRF was calculated. More details on the methods and results are described in Baltensweiler et al. 2021 and Baltensweiler et al 2022.
The soil property maps, and the uncertainty maps are provided as a GeoTIFF files at 25 m resolution. The excel file (xlsx) provides a short description of the raster layers.
**The soil and the uncertainty maps can be viewed in a simple web-GIS application available at:** 
[www.wsl.ch/soilmaps](https://www.wsl.ch/soilmaps).

Tags: dsm, forest, soc, soil, soil-depth, soil-ph, soil-properties, soil-texture, switzerland
Teaser videos Swiss landscapes under climate change

Short videos showing scenarios of potential landscape development in a 4°C warmer climate for a Swiss mountain region and a region on the Swiss Plateau. The videos are in German or French with subtitles. 
The videos' key message is: Climate change will have an impact on the Swiss landscapes. However, according to the strategy chosen to adapt to climate change, society and politics will also have a strong influence on the future landscapes and the services they will provide. If no action is taken to adapt to climate change today, then society will have to react in a hurry at a later point in time. This can often result in resource-intensive technical solutions. Conversely, if society takes action in an anticipatory way already today, nature-based solutions can be implemented more successfully and humans can benefit more from the landscape services..
These short videos are teasers that should make the viewers curious to visit the panorama pictures (https://viergrad.envidat.ch/).

Tags: climate-change, landscape-change, policy-action, scenario, visualization
Resurveyed vegetation releves of beech forests in the Swiss Jura Mountains

This dataset comprised 254 historical (1937 – 1948) and resurveyed (2019 – 2022) vegetation relevés of beech-dominated forests sites in the Swiss Jura mountains. The data contains species lists as well as site information.

Tags: air-pollution, climate-change, fagus-sylvatica, forest, forest-management, ground-vegetation
Grassland-use intensity maps for Switzerland

A rule-based algorithm [(Schwieder et al., 2022)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112795) was used to produce annual maps for 2018–2021 of grassland-management events, i.e. mowing and/or grazing, for Switzerland using Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 satellite time series. All satellite images were processed with the [FORCE](https://force-eo.readthedocs.io) framework.
The resulting maps provide information on the number and timing of grassland-management events at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m for the whole of Switzerland. For the final maps, permanent grasslands were masked using a variety of land-use layers, according to [Huber et al. (2022)](https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.298) but replacing the crop mask with the agricultural-use data from the cantons.
We assessed the detection of management events based on independent reference data, which we acquired from daily time series of publicly available webcams that are widely distributed across Switzerland. We further tested the ecological relevance of the generated intensity measures in relation to nationwide biodiversity data (see [Weber et al., 2023](https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.372)).
The webcam-based reference data used for verification was subsequently added on 14.02.2024.

Tags: grassland, land-use, landsat, management, mowing, remote-sensing, sentinel-2, use-intensity