AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Meteorology and snow transport at S17 near Syowa, Antarctica, in austral summer 2018/2019

This dataset contains measurement and simulation data. The measurements characterize the standard meteorology, turbulence, and snow transport at the S17 site near Syowa Station in East Antarctica during an expedition in austral summer 2018/2019. Large-eddy simulations with sublimating particles provide additional insight into the latent and sensible heat exchange between snow and air in two example situations observed at the S17 site.
A part of the measurement data was recorded by an automatic measurement station from 10th January 2019 to 26th January 2019. This measurement station was equipped with standard meteorological sensors, a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer, an open-path infrared gas analyzer, a snow particle counter, an infrared radiometer for measurements of the surface temperature, and a sonic ranging sensor measuring changes in snow surface elevation. 
At a horizontal distance of approximately 500 m, a Micro Rain Radar (MRR) was installed in a tilted configuration with an elevation angle of 7° for remote sensing of blowing snow between 25th December 2018 and 24th January 2019. In addition, near-surface in-situ measurements of snow transport were performed at the location of the MRR by deploying a snow particle counter from 27th December 2018 to 24th January 2019.
The simulations cover a 18 x 18 x 6 m³ domain and reproduce the steady-state conditions during a 10-min interval with significant snow transport and another 10-min interval with negligible snow transport. We provide the model source code and the post-processed simulation data, i.e., horizontally averaged quantities as a function of height and time.

Tags: antarctica, blowing-snow, drifting-snow, eddy-covariance-measurements, large-eddy-simulations, mass-flux, meteorological-data, micro-rain-radar, turbulence
Wind crust formation: Microsoft Kinect data

This data sets contains the Microsoft Kinect data from 15 wind tunnel experiments on wind-packing / wind crust formation. These experiments were performed in the winter 2016/17. The Kinect measures distributed snow depth.
The Kinect data is organized per experiment. Each experiment subfolder contains the processed Kinect depth images and some additional files.
Please refer to the README for more details on the data. The processing scripts are available for download as well. The scripts are mainly provided as documentation and would need to be adjusted to be used.
This dataset is the basis of the following publication:
Sommer C.G., Lehning M. & Fierz C. (2018). Wind Tunnel Experiments: Influence of Erosion and Deposition on Wind-Packing of New Snow. Front. Earth Sci. 6:4. doi: 10.3389/feart.2018.00004

Tags: kinect, snow, wind-crust, wind-packing, wind-tunnel
Expedition to Princess Elisabeth Antarctica Station, 2016/2017

This dataset contains the data acquired during the expedition to Princess Elisabeth Antarctica Station in December 2016 and January 2017. The dataset consits of meterorological data, drifting snow mass flux data, SnowMicroPen data and Terrestrial Laser Scanning data.
Please refer to the README for more information about the data.
This dataset is the basis of the following publication:
Sommer, C. G., Wever, N., Fierz, C., and Lehning, M.: Wind-packing of snow in Antarctica, The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-36, in review, 2018.

Tags: antarctica, drifting-snow, mass-flux, meteorological-data, snowmicropen, terrestrial-laser-scanning
DISCHMEX - Observations and simulations of the close-ridge small-scale atmospheric flow field and snow accumulation at Sattelhorn, Dischma valley, Davos, Switzerland.

The data presented here corresponds to the publication "A Close-Ridge Small-Scale Atmospheric Flow Field and its Influence on Snow Accumulation" (Gerber et al., 2017), which investigates an eddy-like structure in the vicinity of the Sattelhorn in the Dischma valley (Davos Switzerland)  and its influence on snow accumulation. The dataset contains:
* Alpine3D: Alpine3D snow depth grids (25 m resolution) for two simulations with and without snow redistribution.
* ARPS: 10 ARPS simulations (25 m horizontal resolution) with different model setups (wind direction, wind speed, stability).
* LiDAR: Processed LiDAR PPI (D2_PPI_1h) and RHI (D2_cross_1h) across the valley with a hourly resolution for the period 27 October 2015 01:00 - 29 October 2015c 21:00 (spatial resolution: 25 m).
* meteostations-dischma: Meteorological station data of two meteorological stations in the Dischma valley with 10 minute resolution for the period 28 October 2015 - 30 October 2015.
* TLS: Snow depth change data (m) between 28 October 2015 and 30 October 2015 based on terrestrial laser scans.
For more details about the simulation and observation data, see Gerber et al., 2017.
Publication: Gerber et al., 2017: A Close-Ridge Small-Scale Atmospheric Flow Field and its Influence on Snow Accumulation, submitted to JGR - Atmospheres.

Tags: alpine3d, lee-side-flow-field, lidar, preferential-deposition, tls
Dataset for: Future water temperature of rivers in Switzerland under climate change investigated with physics-based models

This work presents the first extensive study of climate change impacts on rivers temperature in Switzerland. Results show that even for low emissions scenarios, water temperature increase will lead to adverse effect for both ecosystems and socioeconomic sectors (such as nuclear plant cooling) throughout the 21st century. For high emissions scenarios, the effect will be worsen. This study also shows that water warming in summer will be more important in Alpine regions than in lowlands.
This material is distributed under CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode).

Tags: climate-change-impact, discharge, hydrology, model, water-temperature
Alpine3D simulations of future climate scenarios for Graubunden

This is the simulation dataset from _"Response of snow cover and runoff to climate change in high Alpine catchments of Eastern Switzerland"_, M. Bavay, T. Grünewald, M. Lehning, Advances in Water Resources 55, 4-16, 2013
A model study on the impact of climate change on snow cover and runoff has been conducted for the Swiss Canton of Graubünden. The model Alpine3D has been forced with the data from 35 Automatic Weather Stations in order to investigate snow and runoff dynamics for the current climate. The data set has then been modified to reflect climate change as predicted for the 2021-2050 and 2070-2095 periods from an ensemble of regional climate models.
The predicted changes in snow cover will be moderate for 2021-2050 and become drastic in the second half of the century. Towards the end of the century the snow cover changes will roughly be equivalent to an elevation shift of 800 m. Seasonal snow water equivalents will decrease by one to two thirds and snow seasons will be shortened by five to nine weeks in 2095.
Small, higher elevation catchments will show more winter runoff, earlier spring melt peaks and reduced summer runoff. Where glacierized areas exist, the transitional increase in glacier melt will initially offset losses from snow melt. Larger catchments, which reach lower elevations will show much smaller changes since they are already dominated by summer precipitation.

Tags: alpine3d-simulations, climate-change, graubunden, snow, switzerland
Dataset for: Climate change scenarios at hourly time-step over Switzerland from an enhanced temporal downscaling approach

In fall 2019, a new set of climate change scenarios has been released for 
Switzerland, the CH2018 dataset (www.climate-scenarios.ch). The data are
provided at daily resolution. We produced from the CH2018 dataset a new 
set of climate change scenarios temporally downscaled at hourly resolution. 
In addition, we extended this dataset integrating the meteorological stations 
from the Inter-Cantonal Measurement and Information System (IMIS) network, 
an alpine network of automatic meteorological stations operated by the WSL 
Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF.
The extension to the IMIS network is obtained using a Quantile Mapping approach 
in order to perform a spatial transfer of the CH2018 scenarios from the location 
of the  MeteoSwiss stations to the location of the IMIS stations. The temporal 
downscaling is performed using an enhanced Delta-Change approach. This approach 
is based on objective criteria for assessing the quality of the determined delta 
and downscaled time series. In addition, this method also fixes a flaw of common 
quantile mapping methods (such as used in the CH2018 dataset for spatial downscaling) 
related to the decrease of correlation between different variables. The idea behind 
the delta change approach is to take the main seasonal signal (and mean) from 
climate change scenarios at daily resolution and to map it to a historical time series 
at hourly resolution in order to modify the historical time series. The obtained time 
series exhibit the same seasonal signal as the original climate change time series, 
while it keeps the sub-daily cycle from the historical time series.
The applied methods (Quantile Mapping and Delta-Change) have limitations in 
correctly representing statistically extreme events and changes in the frequency 
of discontinuous events such as precipitation. In addition, the sub-daily cycle in 
the data is inherited from the historical time series, so there is no information 
of the climate change signal in this sub-daily cycle. A careful reading of the paper 
accompanying the dataset is necessary to understand the limitations and scope of 
application of this new dataset.
This material is distributed under CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode).

Tags: alpine-regions, climate-change-scenarios, delta-change, imis, meteoswiss, quantile-mapping, switzerland, temporal-downscaling
Wind crust formation: SnowMicroPen data

This dataset contains the SnowMicroPen (SMP) data from 38 wind tunnel experiments on wind-packing / wind crust formation. These experiments were performed in the winters 2015/16 and 2016/17 and include more than 1000 SMP measurements. 
The SMPs are organized per experiment. Each experiment subfolder contains the processed SMP profiles and some additional files.
Please refer to the README for more details on the data. The processing scripts are available for download as well. The scripts are mainly provided as documentation and would need to be adjusted to be used.
This dataset is the basis of the following publication:
Sommer C.G., Lehning M., & Fierz C. (2017). Wind tunnel experiments: Saltation is necessary for wind-packing. Journal of Glaciology, 63(242), 950-958. doi:10.1017/jog.2017.53

Tags: smp, snow, snowmicropen, wind-crust, wind-packing
Snow on Antarctic Sea Ice - McMurdo Sound 2022

Data of snow and sea ice in the McMurdo Sound, October-December 2022. The data was collected as part of the New Zealand Marsden Fund Research Grant 21-VUW-103 "Can Snow Change the Fate of Antarctic Sea Ice?" 
The dataset includes raw data of the manual snow and sea ice measurements from snow pits and ice cores (temperature, density, salinity, dO18), measurements of snow water equivalent (SWE), spatial information of snow height (MagnaProbe) and sea ice thickness (EM-31), AWS (air temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, pressure), radiations stations (shortwave, longwave, thermal IR, spectral shortwave), differential GPS data (3 fixed stations on different sea ice thicknesses, + 1 rover station for georeferencing UAV measurements), SIMBA buoy temperature (+heated temperature) data (3 buoys during November, 1 buoy for 15 months),  UAV data: RGB, thermal IR, broadband albedo, spectral albedo, Chlorophyll-a from ice cores (bottom 10 cm), NIR reflectivity data of snow at 850 nm, and 940 nm (snow surface, profile, ice surface), photographs (1. overview of field sites, 2. for Structure from Motion for surface roughness, 3. macrophotos of snow) surface impurity concentrations, microCT data of snow microstructure, Denoth probe (density) and InfraSnow (specific surface area - SSA). 
See the README file in each dataset for detailed information.

Tags: antarctica, drone-data, polar, sea-ice, snow, spatial-variability
GEM2: Meteorological and snow station at Gemsstock (3021 m asl), Canton Uri, Switzerland

Meteorological station at Gemstock (3021 m asl) in Canton Uri. The station includes in/out LW/SW and a snow height sensor.
Data from this station is managed by the permos.ch project. More information: https://www.permos.ch/permafrost-monitoring/field-sites

Tags: gemstock, longwave-radiation, meteo-station, shortwave-radiation, snow-height
Dataset on PV Production in Snow Covered Mountains

Overview
The SUNWELL Modelling Environment is a combination of data and code that models electricity production from satellite-derived irradiance data and other spatial data sets for all of Switzerland. This ensemble accompanies the publication "The bright side of PV production in snow-covered mountains", published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science and reproduces all results and figures of. Code and resources are in their original form (with documentation). A new version with a more generalized application to PV modelling and with more flexibility in terms of input and output formats will be released in the coming months.
 Format
All code is written and has to be executed in Matlab. The input and output data sets are also in the Matlab-specific .mat format. Whenever publicly available, the original data is provided as geotif, .xlsx or other common format. 
This is the case for:
- Digital Elevation Model (InputsFromMatlab/MSG/OriginalData/ASTERDEM), 
- Landsurface cover type (InputsFromMatlab/MSG/OriginalData/CORINE), 
- Population Density (InputsFromMatlab/MSG/OriginalData/popdensRaster, 
- Electricity production from three of our validation sites (/Validation/WSL), 
- Measured irradiance for two validation sites (/Validation/ASRB)
The ‘Metadata’ documents in the respective folders provide further information about the data sources and processing. Figures are produced either in .pdf or .png format. 
 Structure
The central level of the SUNWELL environment holds the 5 Mains, which run the different modelling aspects of the paper; each code is documented separately. Additional code is located in the ‘DataProcessing’ and the ‘functions’ folder. Functions are called in the different Mains.
‘InputsFromMatlab’ contains the radiation and albedo input data sets in separate subfolders (SIS/SISDIR/ALB). The original data is not publicly available, but can be requested for research purposes free of charge. We provide a processed subset of the data set that was used to run the SUNWELL simulations. The MSG subfolder contains additional spatial input data sets.
‘Outputs’ contains the output files from the different mains (matching names, Main_CHallpixels.m  Prod_CHallpixels)
‘Publication_figures’ contains all individual figures from the PNAS publication, as well as the generating code (/code_plot) and the power point figures (/ppts) that provide the combined final figures.
‘Validation’ contains the data sets used in the model validation:
- Electricity production from three of our validation sites (/WSL), 
- Measured irradiance for two validation sites (/ASRB)
Electricity production from a validation site at Lac des Toules in Wallis (/LDT), this data set was provided under an NDA and cannot be made publicly available. 
Paper Citation:
 - _Annelen Kahl; Jérôme Dujardin; Michael Lehning (2018). Dataset on PV Production in Snow Covered Mountains. PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (in press)_

Tags: albedo, energy, irradiance, mountain, photovoltaic, reflection, snow
Individual tree TLS point clouds for tree volume estimation

Dataset
This dataset is based on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data acquired during winter 2020/2021 in leaf-off conditions, with a Leica BLK 360 instrument following a tree-centric scanning pattern. 
The data was acquired on two sites (47.42°N 8.49°E and 47.504°N, 7.78°E), both of which were managed mixed temperate forest stands.
Individual trees were semi-automatically segmented from the co-registered TLS point clouds.
 Background
Accurate estimates of individual tree volume or biomass within forest inventories are essential for calibration and validation of biomass mapping products based on Earth observation data.
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) enables detailed and non-destructive volume estimation of individual trees, with existing approaches ranging from simple geometrical features to virtual 3D reconstruction of entire trees. Validating such approaches with weight measurements is a key step before the integration of TLS or other close-range technologies into operational applications such as forest inventories.
In this study, we firstly evaluate individual tree volume estimation approaches based on 3D reconstruction through quantitative structure models (QSM) against destructive reference data of 60 trees and compare them to operational allometric scaling models (ASM).
Secondly, we determine the explanatory power of TLS-derived geometric parameters regarding total tree, stem, coarse wood and fine branch volume.

Tags: biomass, forest-inventory, lidar, single-tree, terrestiral-laserscanning, tree-volume
Swiss FluxNet Site Davos

The Swiss FluxNet Site Davos is a managed subalpine evergreen forest, located on the Seehorn mountain near Davos in the Swiss Alps. The site is dominated by Norway spruce. The tower is owned by the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN). 
Ecosystem flux measurements of CO2, H2O (since 1997) as well as CH4 and N2O (since 2016) are performed with the eddy covariance method. 
In addition to Swiss FluxNet, the site is part of the National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL), the Long term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF), the biological drought and growth indicator network (TreeNet) and of ICOS Switzerland (Integrated Carbon Observation System). Since November 2019, the site is an ICOS Class 1 Ecosystem station.
Measurements
- Ecosystem flux measurements of CO2, H2O vapour (since 1997) as well a CH4 and N2O (since 2016) are performed with the eddy-covariance method. This method is based on measurements of trace gas mixing ratios, using infrared gas analyzers (for CO2, H2O vapor) and laser spectrometers (for CH4 and N2O), combined with wind speed and wind direction measurements, using 3D sonic anemometers. To resolve the short-term turbulent fluctuations in the atmosphere, very fast measurements are needed: we measure at 10-20 Hz, i.e., 10-20 times per second. To assess the energy budget of each ecosystem, also radiation sensors and soil climate profiles are installed at the site.
- Sub-canopy eddy fluxes (CO2, H2O, since 2023 also CH4).
- Continuous profile concentration and forest floor flux measurement of CO2, H2O, CH4, N2O.
- Auxiliary micrometeorology and soil climate measurements.
Data availability
Near real-time flux and meteo data uploaded daily to the ICOS Carbon Portal. Processed flux and meteo data are also available from the European Fluxes Database Cluster and part of Fluxnet2015 dataset.
Data policy
ICOS data license: 
[https://www.icos-cp.eu/data-services/about-data-portal/data-license](https://www.icos-cp.eu/data-services/about-data-portal/data-license)
Detailed site info: 
[https://www.swissfluxnet.ethz.ch/index.php/sites/ch-dav-davos/site-info-ch-dav/](https://www.swissfluxnet.ethz.ch/index.php/sites/ch-dav-davos/site-info-ch-dav/)

Tags: eddy-covariance, flux, forest, greenhouse-gas, icos, meteorological-measurements, swiss-fluxnet, swiss-forest-lab
Quantitative Wood Anatomy and Maximum Latewood Density from Yamal peninsula

Data (Quantitative Wood Anatomy, Maximum Latewood Density, Volumetric Density, holo-cellulose-to-wood-ratio) used in the manuscript "New Prospects for Temperature Reconstructions from Relict Wood Using Tree-Ring Anatomy". Wood samples stem from Larix sibirica collected in the Yamal region, northeastern Siberia, Russia. We investigated wood properties of living trees and subfossil wood buried in riverbank sediments, dated to approximately -2760 to -2600 BCE. Our goal was to evaluate the integrity of climate proxies in sub-fossil wood and develop practical methods to detect wood degradation when reconstructing Late Holocene and Common Era climate conditions using tree-ring data.

Tags: mxd, paleoclimate, temperature-reconstruction, tree-ring, wood-anatomy
Data on the diet of urban and rural bumblebees

Data on the diet of urban and rural bumblebees individuals, Bombus lapidarius and Bombus pascuorum, collected in Switzerland (cantons Bern, Basel and Zürich) obtained using metabarconding and chemical analyses from two pollen transportation structures, that is, the body and the leg-baskets (i.e., corbicula). The bumblebees were collected by Egenberger et al., 2019 (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qt8mr4v)
The data contains:
- The composition and relartive abundance of plant species in the body and the leg-baskets, separately.
- The content and ratios of two groups of macronutrients, that is, amino acids and fatty acids.
The dataset contains the data used in the paper "Urban bumblebees diversify their foraging strategy to maintain nutrient intake" as well as unpublished data.

Tags: basel, bees, bern, bombus-lapidarius, bombus-pasquorum, bumblebees, dietary-patterns, foraging-behaviour, lad-use-chages, macronutrients, nutrient-intake, pollen-metabarcoding, rural, urban, zurich
Automated detection of invasive alien plants along highways

Transport infrastructure such as **highways** are important corridors for the spread of invasive species. In this project, an automated detection and mapping of **two invasive alien plant species**  was developed and applied along highways in the **Swiss Central Plateau**, based on **artificial intelligence (AI, Deep Learning)**. The two target species are **tree of heaven *(Ailanthus altissima)*** and **narrow-leaved ragwort *(Senecio inaequidens)***. 
The data is part of the project report and shows the mapping results in **interactive maps**. Technically speaking, these are **self-contained HTML files** that can be displayed with standard web browsers. To reduce the file size, the downloads are provided in zip format. 
**Report**: [https://www.mobilityplatform.ch/de/research-data-shop/product/1690](https://www.mobilityplatform.ch/de/research-data-shop/product/1690)
**Project**: [https://www.wsl.ch/en/projects/automated-detection-of-invasive-alien-plants-along-highways/](https://www.wsl.ch/en/projects/automated-detection-of-invasive-alien-plants-along-highways/)

Tags: artificial-intelligence, automatic-detection, biological-invasions, computer-vision, invasive-species, plants
Tectonic and climatic controls on plant biodiversity in the Hengduan Mountains China

This dataset includes geomorphic predictors and plant biodiversity patterns in the Hengduan Mountains, published in the Geological Society of London special volume: Asian Geodynamics, Climate and Biodiversity (https://doi.org/10.1144/SP549-2024-17).
The geomorphic predictors include catchment-restricted relief and chi maps, while the climate predictors comprise site water balance, growing degree days, and climate change velocity from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present.
The plant biodiversity patterns are represented by a plant richness map for 13,321 species in the Hengduan Mountains. Species-level plant range maps are available in the dataset, previously published under DOI: 10.16904/envidat.424.

Tags: climate-history, endemism, plant-biodiversity, relief, tectonic-faults