AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Automated Object-Based Identification of Dunes at Hargraves Crater, Mars

Terrestrial dune fields are good indicator of past and present aeolian transport regimes of
planets like Earth, Mars, and Venus [e.g.,1; and references therein]. Aeolian processes provide insight into
the interactions between the atmosphere and the surface of Mars as well as the weather, climate, and climatic evolution along the Martian history [2-3].
A complete catalogue for Martian dune fields, leveled as the Mars Global Digital Dune Database
(MGD3
), contains information about locations and
characteristics of dune fields as well as other parameters [4-5]. The MGD3
, done by manual visual photo
interpretation from the Thermal Emission Imaging System [THEMIS; 6] of 100 m/pixel images, needs to be
updated for a better understanding of surface and atmospheric mechanisms of Mars. This study used an
automated object-based image analysis (OBIA) technique from the Context Camera [CTX; 7] image of ~6
m/pixel dataset to extract more quick, reliable, and
accurate identification of the dunes at Hargraves crater,
Mars. Having many advantages over the pixel-based
photo interpretation, OBIA can produce more robust
and accurate results in detecting dunes on Mars. The
study, indeed, is a test case and if proven reliable then
the method can be applied to the entire Martian surface
to make a higher resolution dune database, which will
be an updated version of existing database. The Hargraves crater is located on the Jezero crater watershed
on Mars, centered on 75.750 E and 20.750 N (Fig.1).

Organization: AlabamaView
Using “Local Climate Zones” to Detect Urban Heat Island on Two Small Cities in Alabama

Classifying “urban” and “rural” environments is a challenge in understanding urban climate, specifically urban heat islands (UHIs). Stewart and Oke developed the “local climate zone” (LCZ) classification system to clarify these distinctions using 17 unique groups. This system has been applied to many areas around the world, but few studies have attempted to utilize them to detect UHI effects in smaller cities. Our aim was to use the LCZ classification system 1) to detect UHI in two small cities in Alabama and 2) to determine whether similar zones experienced similar intensity or magnitude of UHIs. For 1 week, we monitored hourly temperature in two cities, in four zones: compact low-rise, open low-rise, dense forests, and water. We found that urban zones were often warmer for overall, daytime, and nighttime temperatures relative to rural zones (from −0.1° to 2.8°C). In addition, we found that temperatures between cities in similar zones were not very similar, indicating that the LCZ system does not predict UHI intensity equally in places with similar background climates. We found that the LCZ classification system was easy to use, and we recognize its potential as a tool for urban ecologists and urban planners.

Organization: AlabamaView
Thermophysical Characterization of Jezero Crater and NE Syrtis, Mars

Jezero crater, with a diameter of 45
km, hosts two inlet channels of deltaic remnants along
with an outlet channel and embraces hydrated minerals
[1-5]. NE Syrtis (located just south of Jezero crater)
has an area of ~ 2500 km2 and a remarkable mineralogical diversity identified from orbital data as described in Salvatore et al. [6] and references therein.
Thermophyscial characteristics are used to quantitatively measure the physical properties of Martian surface [7-11]. These characteristics can be studied
through determining thermal inertia (TI), albedo, and
diurnal temperature changes on the surface [12-13].
On Mars, thermal inertia is an indicator of surface
geological characteristics [14-16]. Surface physical
properties, spatial distribution, and transportation of
fine materials can be understood from the measurement thermal inertia [17-18]. A lower TI represents
unconsolidated loose, fine surface dust, and very few
rocks, a medium/intermediate TI means combination
of cemented surface, sand sized particles, and a fair
number of scattered rocks, whereas a higher TI indicates rocky surface and bedrock outcrops [14-19]. Alternatively, a TI value of <100 Jm-2
K-1
s-1/2 corresponds
fine, loosely consolidated material whereas the TI values of >350 Jm-2
K-1
s-1/2 and >1200 Jm-2
K-1
s-1/2 are representative of well-cemented sedimentary rock and
crystalline igneous rocks, respectively [20-21]. The albedo is an important component of the total energy
balance on Mars by controlling the
maximum surface temperature
[13,19]. Typically, dust-mantled terrains show high albedo (>0.26) while
surfaces with larger grains or rocky
materials show relatively low albedo
[15-16,18]. This study aimed at determining thermophysical properties
of Jezero crater and part of its watershed in NW Isidis and NE Syrtis
between ~170
N to 19.50
N and ~760
E
to 78.50
E. The objectives of the study
are: (a) identifying the distribution of
thermal inertia and albedo, and surface geology, and determining the
relationship between (b) thermal inertia and albedo, and (c) elevation
and thermophysical characteristics.

Organization: AlabamaView
Multiuser GIS and Practical Workflow Replicability

Replicability and reproducibility (R&R) have always been core requirements of scientific research. Recently, cases of failure to replicate previously published findings have received widespread public attention. As research grows more complex and increasingly reliant on data and software, concerns about replicability will grow rather than diminish. For example, different software packages may produce different results even when the same technique of spatial analysis is applied to the same data or analysis results cannot be reproduced by the same software due to the lack of proper metadata or provenance documenting the spatial processing and parameters used. Geospatial researchers may need to be especially concerned about replicability, such as when results from one geographic area fail to be replicated in other geographic areas.

Organization: ArkansasView
Geoweaver: Advanced Cyberinfrastructure for Managing Hybrid Geoscientific AI Workflows

AI (artificial intelligence)-based analysis of geospatial data has gained a lot of attention. Geospatial datasets are multi-dimensional; have spatiotemporal context; exist in disparate formats; and require sophisticated AI workflows that include not only the AI algorithm training and testing, but also data preprocessing and result post-processing. This complexity poses a huge challenge when it comes to full-stack AI workflow management, as researchers often use an assortment of time-intensive manual operations to manage their projects. However, none of the existing workflow management software provides a satisfying solution on hybrid resources, full file access, data flow, code control, and provenance. This paper introduces a new system named Geoweaver to improve the efficiency of full-stack AI workflow management. It supports linking all the preprocessing, AI training and testing, and post-processing steps into a single automated workflow. To demonstrate its utility, we present a use case in which Geoweaver manages end-to-end deep learning for in-time crop mapping using Landsat data. We show how Geoweaver effectively removes the tedium of managing various scripts, code, libraries, Jupyter Notebooks, datasets, servers, and platforms, greatly reducing the time, cost, and effort researchers must spend on such AI-based workflows. The concepts demonstrated through Geoweaver serve as an important building block in the future of cyberinfrastructure for AI research.

Organization: ArkansasView
Applications of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Best Practices and Case Studies

Chapter 3: Multiuser Concepts and Workflow Replicability in sUAS Applications

Jason A. Tullis, Katie Corcoran, Richard Ham, Bandana Kar, and Malcolm Williamson


Advances in high spatial resolution mapping capabilities and the new rules established by the Federal Aviation Administration in the United States for the operation of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) have provided new opportunities to acquire aerial data at a lower cost and more safely versus other methods. A similar opening of the skies for sUAS applications is being allowed in countries across the world. Also, sUAS can access hazardous or inaccessible areas during disaster events and provide rapid response when needed. Applications of Small Unmanned Aircraft systems: Best Practices and Case Studies is the first book that brings together the best practices of sUAS applied to a broad range of issues in high spatial resolution mapping projects. Very few sUAS pilots have the knowledge of how the collected imagery is processed into value added mapping products that have commercial and/or academic import. Since the field of sUAS applications is just a few years old, this book covers the need for a compendium of case studies to guide the planning, data collection, and most importantly data processing and map error issues, with the range of sensors available to the user community.

Written by experienced academics and professionals, this book serves as a guide on how to formulate sUAS based projects, from choice of a sUAS, flight planning for a particular application, sensors and data acquisition, data processing software, mapping software and use of the high spatial resolution maps produced for particular types of geospatial modeling.

Organization: ArkansasView
Semiautomated Identification and Characterization of Dunes at Hargraves Crater, Mars

The Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD3) contains information on Martian dune fields and prepared manually from the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS; 100 m/pixel) images. Although the MGD3 outlines dune fields, it overlooks the recognition of smaller dune forms. This paper aims to identify individual dunes from a semiautomated object‐based image analysis technique and characterize dune materials at Hargraves crater, Mars. MGD3 would benefit to be updated for an improved understanding of the Martian surface and its atmospheric mechanisms at a local scale. An object‐based image analysis technique was applied here to the Context Camera (CTX; 6 m/pixel) data set to extract dune data in a more efficient, reliable, and accurate fashion. This study is a test case in validating a remote sensing method that has wide applicability to the entire Martian surface resulting in an update to the dune database at a higher spatial resolution—providing a better understanding of surface and atmospheric behavior of Mars at the local scale. We also explored the wind flow and dune stability—presenting an insight into the dune modification mechanism—within the crater. The prevailing wind inside the crater flows to the west‐northwest. The dunes are labeled as active (stability index of 2) and do not appear to have been influenced by subsurface water ice or volatiles. We emphasize that the technique used here has a wide prospect in temporal monitoring of dune sediment flux, dune migration or erosion rates, improving near‐surface airflow modeling, and dune stability analysis.

Organization: AlabamaView