AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Microplastics Contamination in Sediment, Water, Snow/Ice and Fish of the Canadian Arctic, 2019

Microplastics (MPs) contaminate the oceans from the poles to the equators and from the sea surface to the deep sea. In addition, MPs have been recorded in freshwater systems, including in lakes, rivers and streams globally. Not only an aquatic issue, MPs infiltrate terrestrial ecosystems in landfills, agricultural settings, along beaches, and even in the air. It therefore comes as no surprise that MPs have been identified as a global pollutant of concern that is capable of long-range transport and causing adverse effects in wildlife, but limited information is available for Canadian Arctic regions. Consequently, the NCP has identified assessing the presence and distribution of MPs in Arctic marine ecosystems a priority. The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) has also added Marine Plastics and MPs to their list of Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern.

We collected water, sediment and zooplankton for MPs in the summer of 2019 as a part of ArcticNet from on board the CCGS Amundsen. Additional water and sediment samples were collected from the R/V William Kennedy in western Hudson Bay and Chesterfield Inlet as a part of GENICE. Water samples were collected by bucketing surface water and filtered through a polycarbonate filter that captured the microplastics.  Sediment samples were collected from push cores in a box corer, the top 0-5cm was collected. Zooplankton samples were collected from Tucker Nets using 250um mesh size and then speciated. All samples were distributed to collaborators at Universities of Toronto, McGill and Western Ontario for further processing and analysis. Analysis will be done by FTIR and/or Raman Spectroscopy.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Active Acoustic Mapping of Fish in the Beaufort Sea

The Beaufort Sea Active Acoustic Program, used cutting-edge fisheries sonar to map the distribution and abundance of Arctic cod for the first time in the offshore Beaufort Sea. The SIMRAD SX90 fish finding sonar was deployed from the research icebreaker Amundsen to detect fish populations. During a six-week survey in 2011, acoustic transects covered the Mackenzie Shelf and its slope, including a region of enhanced biological productivity NE of Cape Bathhurst, the deeper Amundsen Gulf, and areas licensed for oil exploration. A Rectangular Midwater Trawl and gillnets was used to collect, identify, and measure the fish species that were detected by the sonar. To further validate the acoustic signal, the study was repeated in 2012 in conjunction with a fish population program led by Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The data will enable scientists to describe the distribution and migration of Arctic cod and other fish in relation to temperature, salinity, sea ice, sea bottom type, and the abundance of preys and predators. Information will help assess fisheries resources in the offshore Beaufort Sea and the potential impacts of oil and gas exploration on fish ecology, as well as the effects of future changes linked to climate warming.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Amundsen Science LADCP Data Collection

The LADCP data was obtained during the years 2010, 2011,  2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 aboard the CCGS Amundsen.
The following parameters were measured: DEPTH (Depth Below Sea Surface [m]), EWCT (East (true) Component of Current [m/s]), NSCT (North (true) Component of Current [m/s]), and ERRV (Error Velocity [m/s]). 
This archives contain the final absolute velocity profile for each cast.
Quality control procedures are applied to the data. Data are available on Polar Data Catalogue under the format .lad (one cast by file).

Organization: Amundsen Science
A Canadian Arctic SOLAS Network

We are seeking answers to two key questions regarding the influence of marine processes on Arctic climate: 1) How will the increased flow of Pacific waters through the Canadian Archipelago affect the dynamics of climate-active gases in the ocean, and 2) How will these gases be affected by a reduction of sea-ice cover, and increased areas of open water? These questions have been addressed by our multidisciplinary team during two expeditions on the Canadian research ice-breaker Amundsen as part of the International Polar Year. The expeditions took place during the fall of 2007 and 2008. Eleven (2007) and ten (2008) Arctic SOLAS scientists from 7 Canadian institutions participated to these expeditions which allowed a unique and extensive longitudinal survey of these trace gases and aerosols in the High Canadian Arctic, from Baffin Bay to the Beaufort Sea. The missions enabled us to collect new oceanographic and atmospheric data on the distribution and cycling of DMS, N2O, and VOCs across the Canadian Archipelago and to relate these measurements to the distribution and chemical characteristics of aerosol particles. Activities of this program where coordinated with those of the IPY programs CFL, the Canadian program ArcticNet, and the international programs OASIS and SOLAS.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Ocean surface temperature in the Amundsen Gulf measured by infrared transducer during summer-fall 2009

The IR transducer is installed at the boat deck level on Amundsen on the port side of the ship (see http://www.amundsen.ulaval.ca/medias/pdf/boat_heli.pdf). The data recording is done on a separate storage module and then transferred to the backup drive. It can record the data at user specified time interval. The data file is an ASCII DAT file which can be processed either by the given software is any graph plotting program. The sensor is recording 24 hours a day.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Ship-Based Eddy Covariance Data, 2014 ArcticNet, Northwest Passage and Baffin Bay

During the ArcticNet annual cruises of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen, characteristics of the near-surface atmosphere are monitored in conjunction with surface sea water properties to observe the relationship between the surface micro-climate and the air-sea exchange, with particular interest in CO2.  Central to this integrated dataset is an eddy covariance system used to monitor fluxes of CO2, H2O, heat and momentum.  The system continuously sampled the following variables at a rate of 10 Hz (instrument used to collect each variable is in parentheses, and approximate instrument height above surface is indicated): 3D wind velocity (Gill WindMaster Pro and Campbell Scientific CSAT3 ultra-sonic anemometers) - 15m; sonic air temperature (3D ultra-sonic anemometers) - 15m; CO2 molar concentration (two LI7500A open path gas analyzers) - 15m; H2O molar concentration (two LI7500A open path gas analyzers) - 15m; CO2 mixing ratio (LI7000 closed path system) - 15m; H2O mixing ratio (LI7000 closed path system) - 15m; and 3D ship motion - angular rates and accelerations (MotionPak, Systron Donner) - 13m.

All instruments were mounted on a meteorological tower on the bow of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen.

Organization: Amundsen Science
CASES 0406-Northwest Passage CTD data

The CTD data was obtained during LEG 09 of the 2004 CASES scientific cruise #0406. This Leg was carried out from August 5th 2004 to August 26th 2004 aboard the CCGS Amundsen. There were 24 CTD casts in Leg 9. Four casts, associated to 3 oceanographic stations, are located in the Northwest Passage research area. The following parameters were measured: temperature, conductivity and pressure (with a Sea-Bird 911 probe), oxygen (Sea-Bird 43), pH (Seabird 18), fluorescence (Seapoint fluorometer), nitrates (Satlantic MBARI ISUS), transmittance (Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer), PAR/Irradiance and SPAR/Irradiance (Biospherical Instruments QC2300). Data were quality controlled.  Data are available on the Polar Data Catalogue and at the Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS) of Fisheries and Ocean Canada.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Fast Repetition Rate fluorometry-based measurements of phytoplankton photo-physiology in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Aug 2019

We employed Fast Repetition Rate fluorometry (FRRF) for high-resolution mapping of phytoplankton photo-physiology in Lancaster Sound and Barrow Strait regions of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. For exact details of sampling locations, see the Latitude and Longitude fields of this dataset. The sampling period took place onboard the CCGS Amundsen from Aug 2-14, 2019. Continuous ship-board measurements of Chlorophyll a (Chla) fluorescence transients were made using a Soliense LIFT FRRF with a 12 minute interval between sampling events using a single-turnover flash protocol. Within each sampling event, 40 Chla fluorescence transients were measured under low light (5 μmol photons per m-2 s-1), and 40 under high light (150 μmol photons per m-2 s-1) on an isolated sample from the ship’s seawater line. Each fluorescence transient has a 1s interval. Between sampling events, a pump custom fit to the FRRF flushed the sampling cuvette and was synchronized to stop pumping 5 minutes prior to the next measurement sequence to allow phytoplankton dark acclimation within the sampling cuvette. Thus, measurements were continuous and fully automated. Each fluorescence transient curve was fit to the biophysical model described by Kolber et al., 1998 to retrieve the following diagnostics of phytoplankton photo-physiology: UTC time of measurement, julian day of measurement, actinic light provided during flash measurements (μmol photons per m-2 s-1), model fit Chi sq, baseline fluorescence (relative units), maximum inducible fluorescence (relative units), functional absorption area of Photosystem II (Å2 Reaction Center II-1), the probability of energy transfer between reaction centers (fractional), the time constants for the three components of Qa reoxidation (μs) and their relative weights (fractional), the signal to noise ratio, and the surface PAR at time of measurements (μmol photons per m-2 s-1). Together, these parameters of phytoplankton light harvesting and utilization efficiency can be used to estimate phytoplankton photochemistry yields, which power the photosynthetic electron transport chain, and ultimately provide an upper limit for photosynthetic carbon uptake.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Dynamic microbial populations in Canada’s Arctic Ocean are poised to respond to environmental change

Samples were collected at each site for 16S and/or metagenomic sequencing.  Each site was sampled in triplicate once per visit; some sites have been revisited across multiple years.  Water samples were collected via rosette sampler; 2L of sampled water were filtered onto a 0.2uM filter, which was retained for DNA extraction. Sediment samples were collected from box cores as ~2mL scoops taken from the top 5cm of the core.  Ice and brine samples were collected from ice cores. Metadata includes coordinates (decimal degrees), sample type (ice, brine, surface water, bottom water, or sediment), collection date, and ice coverage on a 0-10 scale (N_CT).

Organization: Amundsen Science
Ship-Based Sea Surface Dissolved CO2 (pCO2), 2009 ArcticNet, Northwest Passage

During the ArcticNet annual cruises of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen, characteristics of the surface sea water (temperature, salinity, dissolved CO2 and O2) are monitored in conjunction with properties of the near-surface atmosphere (basic meteorological elements, incident radiation, CO2 concentration) to observe the relationship between the surface microclimate and the air-sea exchange, with particular interest in CO2.  Central to this integrated dataset is an under-way sea water pCO2 system (General Oceanics 8050) attached to the ship's clean water intake.  The following variables were measured continuously and logged at 1 minute intervals:

-pCO2sw (LI7000 gas analyzer)
-Equilibrator water temperature
-conductivity
-pH
-dissolved O2

Organization: Amundsen Science
Ship-Based Eddy Covariance Data, 2013 ArcticNet, Northwest Passage and Baffin Bay

During the ArcticNet annual cruises of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen, characteristics of the near-surface atmosphere are monitored in conjunction with surface sea water properties to observe the relationship between the surface micro-climate and the air-sea exchange , with particular interest in CO2.  Central to this integrated dataset is an eddy covariance system used to monitor fluxes of CO2, H2O, heat and momentum.  The system continuously sampled the following variables at a rate of 10 Hz (instrument used to collect each variable is in parentheses, and approximate instrument height above surface is indicated): 3D wind velocity (Gill WindMaster Pro ultra-sonic anemometer) - 15m; sonic air temperature (Gill WindMaster Pro ultra-sonic anemometer) - 15m; CO2 molar concentration (LI7500 open path gas analyzer) - 15m; H2O molar concentration (LI7500 open path gas analyzer) - 15m; CO2 mixing ratio (LI7000 integrated into a closed path system) - 15m; H2O mixing ratio (LI7000 integrated into a closed path system) - 15m; and, 3D ship motion - angular rates and accelerations (MotionPak, Systron Donner) - 13m.

All instruments were mounted on a meteorological tower on the bow of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Acoustic data in the Beaufort Sea: BREA marine fishes 2012-2014

The data set is composed of raw files recorded with a SIMRAD EK60 three-frequency (38, 120, 200 kHz) split-beam echosounder that was operated continuously during the 2012, 2013, and 2014 BREA cruise aboard the F/V Frosti. This entry also includes EK60 data collected during the ArcticNet cruise aboard the CCGS Amundsen in 2014. All three 7° transducers were hull-mounted and calibrated prior to departure. The acoustic signal was recorded continuously on a PC using ER60 software version 2.0.0. Ping interval was set around 1 s and the pulse length was set at 1.024 ms.

Organization: Amundsen Science
2014-2015 ROV video surveys in deep-water environments at Scott Inlet, Nunavut, aboard CCGS Amundsen

In July 2014 and October 2015 a Super Mohawk (SuMo) remotely operated vehicle (ROV) aboard the CCGS Amundsen was used to video-survey a deep-water environment at Scott Inlet. In 2014, a video-transect ~2.7 km long was followed across depths of 475-650 m. Videos and photographs were obtained using a high-definition camera, and specimens of invertebrates (sponges) were collected using the ROV. In 2015, no transect was followed and the main objective was to sample carnivorous sponges using a sampling platform.

Organization: Amundsen Science
2007 Multibeam Sonar Data collected from the CCGS Amundsen

Ocean Mapping Group acoustic data generated from the 2007 multibeam sonar survey on the 2007 CCGS Amundsen ArcticNet Cruise. The data include high-resolution bathymetry and acoustic backscatter imagery collected 24 hours a day, whenever the ship was in transit or had dedicated survey time.

Organization: Amundsen Science
OASIS-CANADA CFL: Atmospheric composition and structure during the CFL campaign from the Amundsen icebreaker in the Amundsen Gulf

Data were compiled in campaign mode and were obtained over the ice of the Amundsen Gulf. Chemical and meteorological variables were collected with commercial and custom made instrumentation, as detailed below. Ozone (O3): Measurements were taken with TECO TEI049 instrument and five-minute averaged data with filtered generator influence are archived in one file.  Wind components and their vertical profile: Wind data were collected by Sodar model Scintec MFAS SN A-C-0073 with software version APRun 1.13. Reported data are at interval of 0.25hour. GPS record is embedded into Sondar data record. In addition, the following data sets have been created by collaborators: (1) Zone vertical profile with home built differential absorption LIDAR (Jim Whiteway, York University, Toronto, whiteway@yorku.ca); (2) BrO MAXDOAS (multiaxis differential optical absorption spectroscopy) and LPDOAS (long pass active differential optical absoprtion spectroscopy) (Udo Frieß and Denis Poehler, University of  Heidelberg, Germany, udo.friess@iup.uni-heidelberg.de, denis.poehler@iup.uni-heidelberg.de); (3) BrO by chemical trapping followed by GC/EC analysis (Paul Shepson, Purdue University, USA, pshepson@purdue.edu). GPS locations are available in D. Barber et al., Atmosphere-Ocean 48, Issue 4, pp. 225-243, 2010.

Organization: Amundsen Science
2015 ROV video survey in a deep-water environment near Qikiqtarjuaq, Nunavut, aboard CCGS Amundsen

A video-survey using a Super Mohawk remotely operated vehicle (ROV) was conducted in October 2015 near Qikiqtarjuaq, Nunavut. The benthic environment was video-recorded and opportunistically photographed using a high-definition camera (1Cam Alpha, Sub C Imaging, 24.1 megapixels), at a depth of ~620-680 m along a transect line 954m long.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Ship-Based Sea Surface Dissolved CO2 (pCO2), 2009 ArcticNet, Chukchi Sea

During the ArcticNet annual cruises of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen, characteristics of the surface sea water (temperature, salinity, dissolved CO2 and O2) are monitored in conjunction with properties of the near-surface atmosphere (basic meteorological elements, incident radiation, CO2 concentration) to observe the relationship between the surface microclimate and the air-sea exchange, with particular interest in CO2.  Central to this integrated dataset is an under-way sea water pCO2 system (General Oceanics 8050) attached to the ship's clean water intake.  The following variables were measured continuously and logged at 1 minute intervals:

-pCO2sw (LI7000 gas analyzer)
-Equilibrator water temperature
-conductivity
-pH
-dissolved O2

Organization: Amundsen Science
Acoustic data in the Northwest Passage: 2005-2014

The dataset is composed of raw files recorded with a SIMRAD EK60 three-frequency split-beam echosounder that was operated continuously during the annual ArcticNet (2005-2014) sampling expeditions in the Canadian Arctic aboard the CCGS Amundsen. Three 7° transducers were hull-mounted, two in oil-filled arctic wells protected by a 2.5 cm thick acoustically transparent polycarbonate plate (38 and 120 kHz) and one in a Traveocean piston well in direct contact with water (200 kHz). The acoustic signal was recorded continuously on a PC using ER60 software version 2.0.0. Ping interval was set at 2 or 3 s and the pulse length was set at 1.024 ms.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Benthic ecosystem functioning in the Arctic

Samples were collected during the Malina programme at 8 sites ranging in water depth from 47 m to 577 m in July and August 2009 onboard the icebreaker CCGS Amundsen. At each sampling station, an USNEL box corer (50 cm×50 cm×30 cm) was deployed for seafloor sediment collection. From each box core, 3 sub-cores of 10 cm diameter and approximately 20 cm sediment depth were taken for assessing benthic oxygen demand and nutrient remineralisation in microcosm incubations. Six additional sub-cores of 2.4 cm diameter were taken, three of 8 cm
and 1 cm length, respectively, for determining sediment pigment concentration, water content and sediment solid phase composition.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Surface-based Passive Microwave Brightness Temperatures - Canadian Arctic during the 2009 ArcticNet / Industrial Partnership Field Study

Continuous measurements of emissivity at 89 and 37 GHz frequencies in vertical and horizontal polarizations at a fixed elevation angle of 55 degrees during transit and scanning elevation angles of 30-150 degrees at every station were acquired. The radiometers were installed at the 200 level on the CCGS Amundsen icebreaker on the port side. Generally the instruments acquired data at the fixed elevation angle during transit, and 3-5 scans were performed at every station along with auxiliary data collection (GPS data, geographic location of the station, photographs of the same field of view, air temperature, wind data, atmospheric conditions, surface characteristics, etc.). The acquired data are in binary format which is produced for every scan and fixed modes. The time in the data logger is generally set to UTC. An example filename would be 'RADDAT-2007-11-06-122647.DAT'.

Organization: Amundsen Science
2017 ROV video survey in a deep-water environment at Disko Fan (SE Baffin Bay) aboard CCGS Amundsen

A benthic survey using a Super Mohawk remotely operated vehicle (ROV) was conducted in July 2017 at Disko Fan, SE Baffin Bay. The benthic environment was video-recorded and opportunistically photographed using a high-definition camera (1Cam Alpha, Sub C Imaging, 24.1 megapixels), at a water depth of ~930 m. An experimental frame deployed in 2016 was recovered during this ROV dive, but no other collections took place at this site during this dive.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Water quality in southern Hudson Bay, mid-summer 2010

Water samples were collected at approximately 0.3 m depth at all stations in Hudson Bay during the the 2010  cruise from Kuujjuarapik, PQ to Churchill, MB. We collected samples at basic, mooring and CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) stations, as well as along two transects made by Zodiac near the mouth of the Rivière de la Grande Baleine and off Cape Tatnam, located at ca. 100 km East of the Nelson River.  All water samples were filtered on board, and subsamples were retained for analysis for dissolved and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, as well as for phosphate, total soluble salts (TSS), chlorophyll a, CDOM (absorbtion and fluorescence spectra), oxygen-18 and salinity.  At each station, water column profiles were recorded, each to the bottom or at least 30 m depth, using an Idronaut CTD with conductivity, temperature, depth and turbidity sensors, and a WetLabs ECO Fluorometer for CDOM fluorescence. 

In addition,we made several water column profiles of absorption and attenuation spectra off the mouth of the Rivière de la Grande Baleine, using a WetLabs hyperspectral absorption and attenuation meter (WetLabs acs).  We also recorded miscellaneous water surface reflectance spectra, using a Satlantic HyperSAS instrument mounted on the ship's bow, near Rivière de la Grande Baleine, near the mouth of James Bay and in the outer estuary of the Nelson River.

Organization: Amundsen Science
2015 ROV video survey in a deep-water environment at Navy Board Inlet, Nunavut, aboard CCGS Amundsen

A video-survey using a Super Mohawk remotely operated vehicle (ROV) was conducted in October 2015 in Navy Board Inlet, Nunavut. The benthic environment was video-recorded and opportunistically photographed using a high-definition camera (1Cam Alpha, Sub C Imaging, 24.1 megapixels), at a depth of ~450 m along a transect line 480 m long.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Ship-Based Sea Surface Dissolved CO2 (pCO2), 2014 ArcticNet

During the ArcticNet annual cruises of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen, characteristics of the surface sea water (temperature, salinity, dissolved CO2 and O2) are monitored in conjunction with properties of the near-surface atmosphere (basic meteorological elements, incident radiation, CO2 concentration) to observe the relationship between the surface microclimate and the air-sea exchange, with particular interest in CO2.  Central to this integrated dataset is an under-way sea water pCO2 system (General Oceanics 8050) attached to the ship's clean water intake.  The following variables were measured continuously and logged at 1 minute intervals: pCO2sw (LI7000 gas analyzer); equilibrator water temperature; conductivity; pH; and, dissolved O2.

Organization: Amundsen Science