AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
ArcticNet Basemaps

Map Projection - A Lambert Conformal Conic projection (with two standard parallels) is used for the ArcticNet Basemap series of mapsheets. In order to minimize distortion in the areas of most interest, the standard parallels were specifically chosen to follow the two major east-west channels through the Northwest Passage (Parry Channel and Queen Maud/Coronation Gulf). The projection parameters are as follows: 
¿	1st Standard parallel: 70° 
¿	2nd Standard parallel: 73° 
¿	Origin latitude: 70° 
¿	Origin longitude: -105° 
¿	False easting: 2,000,000 metres 
¿	False northing: 2,000,000 metres 
Datums - Horizontal datum: NAD83; Vertical datum: soundings are reduced to mean sea level (MSL) using the WebTide tidal prediction models.

Misc. Processing Details
Since time is at a premium while underway, there are often cases where long transits are undertaken with little or no sound speed profiles collected. On the other hand, some oceanographic sections sampled by the Amundsen provide very dense sound speed information throughout the watercolumn. In sections where the watercolumn is poorly sampled, the 1/4 ° World Ocean Atlas (2001) climatology is used as a source of sound speed.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Ship-Based Eddy Covariance Data, 2010 ArcticNet, Beaufort Sea

During the ArcticNet annual cruises of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen, characteristics of the near-surface atmosphere are monitored in conjunction with surface sea water properties to observe the relationship between the surface micro-climate and the air-sea exchange , with particular interest in CO2.  Central to this integrated dataset is an eddy covariance system used to monitor fluxes of CO2, H2O, heat and momentum.  The system continuously sampled the following variables at a rate of 10 Hz (instrument used to collect each variable is in parentheses, and approximate instrument height above surface is indicated):

-3D wind velocity (Gill WindMaster Pro ultra-sonic anemometer) - 15m
-Sonic air temperature (Gill WindMaster Pro ultra-sonic anemometer) - 15m
-CO2 molar concentration (LI7500 open path gas analyzer) - 15m
-H2O molar concentration (LI7500 open path gas analyzer) - 15m
-CO2 mixing ratio (LI7000 integrated into a closed path system) - 15m
-H2O mixing ratio (LI7000 integrated into a closed path system) - 15m
-3D ship motion - angular rates and accelerations (MotionPak, Systron Donner) - 13m

All instruments were mounted on a meteorological tower on the bow of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen.

Organization: Amundsen Science
The Circumpolar Flaw Lead (CFL) system study

The CFL project consisted of ten sub-project teams:  Physical oceanography; Sea ice; Light, nutrients, and primary production; Food webs; Marine mammals and birds; Gas fluxes; Carbon and nutrient fluxes; Contaminants; Modeling; and Traditional Knowledge.

In the fall of 2007, 74 open water sites were sampled throughout the Amundsen Gulf and southern Beaufort Sea. During the winter months, 44 drift sites were sampled, ranging in duration from 1-22 days. Due to thin sea ice and high ice mobility, the fast ice bridge between Cape Parry and Banks Island did not form. For this reason, we were unable to establish a semi-permanent ice camp as originally planned. Instead, a series of ice camps were set up at the fast ice edge at the mouths of Franklin and Darnley Bays in May and June. 

Early results suggest that with decreasing ice cover we can expect powerful feedbacks into the climate system thereby exacerbating the reduction in multiyear sea ice, with commensurate changes in the ecosystem, biogeochemical cycling and human use of the flaw lead region.  Nutrients may become more available to the food web through a higher occurrence of ice edge upwelling as well as eddies carrying Pacific water into the Amundsen Gulf.  Frost flowers, which are produced on young first year ice, have been found to have an important role in atmospheric chemistry around flaw leads and may be important for contaminant transport. Marine mammal use of the flaw lead occurs much earlier and more extensively than previously known.

Traditional Knowledge research efforts included the development, coordination and completion of community interviews in Sachs Harbour, Paulatuk and Ulukhaktok. This comprised of community-based field programs involving semi-directed interviews, a mapping component, and database development and input. The data gathered from 49 experts in 3 communities represents the first and most comprehensive documentation of Inuvialuit knowledge of the circumpolar flaw lead in the Beaufort Sea.

The Traditional Knowledge study showed that Inuvialuit have extensive knowledge of changes taking place in seasonal patterns, marine and freshwater systems, fish and wildlife of the Beaufort Sea and their uses of these resources, as well as the implications of these changes for human travel and Inuvialuit subsistence and traditional activities.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Structure and resilience of the benthic food web across the Canadian Arctic and the Chukchi sea

The study area extends from the North Water Polynya to the Chukchi Sea across five geographic regions: North Water Polynya, Canadian Archipelago, Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea (14 stations). We collected data from July to October 2014 aboard the CCGS Amundsen including environmental data (bottom water temperature and salinity), particulate organic matter, sediments, and benthos. Stable isotopes analyses were practiced on benthic samples, particulate organic matter samples and sediments samples. Lipid extraction and ice algae biomarker analysis were practiced on benthic samples and sediments samples.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Investigating the Sources, Abundance and Types of Microplastics in the Arctic, 2018

Microplastics pollution has been found across the globe, but with limited information from the polar regions. Although there is evidence of microplastics in the Arctic and Antarctic, little is understood about the sources, fate and extent of contamination. We collected samples and will quantify the amount and identify the types of microplastics in snow (as a surrogate for air), water, sediments and zooplankton sampled from the CCGS Amundsen in and around the Hudson Bay and/or the central and eastern Canadian Archipelago. In addition, we will answer questions about sources and fate using two types of information. First, we will collaborate with an Indigenous community to quantify and type plastic along their shoreline. Second, we will examine patterns of microplastics contamination and compare them with land-use patterns and water and air circulation. Based on previous studies, and our preliminary findings, we believe that microplastics will be present in Arctic samples, but a detailed study will help us better understand how ubiquitous microplastics are, from where they are derived, and how they are preserved or degraded. Microplastics in the Arctic raise concerns about impacts to wildlife and local communities that rely on food from the sea. Results from this study will inform future experiments that answer questions related to such impacts.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Ship-Based Incoming Solar, Longwave  and UV Radiation, 2014 ArcticNet, Baffin Bay and Northwest Passage

During the ArcticNet annual cruises of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen, characteristics of the near-surface atmosphere (basic meteorological elements, incident radiation, CO2 concentration) are monitored in conjunction with surface sea water properties (temperature, salinity, dissolved CO2 and O2) to observe the relationship between the surface micro-climate and the air-sea exchange, with particular interest in CO2.  As part of this integrated dataset, the following radiation variables were recorded at 1 minute intervals (instrument used to collect each variable is in parentheses): incoming shortwave radiation (Eppley pyranometer, model PSP); incoming longwave radiation (Eppley pyrgeometer, model PIR); incoming photosynthetically active radiation (Kipp & Zonen, PAR-Lite); and, incoming UVa,b (Kipp & Zonen, UVS-AB-T).

All instruments were mounted on a meteorological tower on the bow of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen.

Organization: Amundsen Science
ArcticNet 1101 - Baffin Bay and Northwest Passage CTD data

The CTD data was obtained during the 2011 ArcticNet scientific cruise #1101.

The data were collected from July 24 to August 10, 2011, aboard the CCGS Amundsen. There were 34 casts associated to 21 stations, located in Baffin Bay and the Northwest Passage. 

The following parameters were measured: temperature, conductivity and pressure (with a Sea-Bird SBE-9plus), dissolved oxygen (Sea-Bird SBE-43), fluorescence (Seapoint chlorophyll fluorometer), CDOM (Wetlabs FL(RT)D), nitrate concentration (Satlantic MBARI-ISUS 5T), transmittance (Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer), light intensity (PAR; LI-COR Biosciences) and surface light intensity (sPAR; LI-COR Biosciences).

Quality control procedures were applied to the data. Data are available on the Polar Data Catalogue and at the Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS) of Fisheries and Oceans Canada.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Microplastics Contamination in Sediment, Water, Snow/Ice, Fish and Seals of the Canadian Arctic: 2023-2024

Microplastics (MPs) contaminate the oceans from the poles to the equators and from the sea surface to the deep sea. In addition, MPs have been recorded in freshwater systems, including in lakes, rivers and streams globally. Not only an aquatic issue, MPs infiltrate terrestrial ecosystems in landfills, agricultural settings, along beaches, and even in the air. It therefore comes as no surprise that MPs have been identified as a global pollutant of concern that is capable of long-range transport and causing adverse effects in wildlife, but limited information is available for Canadian Arctic regions. Consequently, the NCP has identified assessing the presence and distribution of MPs in Arctic marine ecosystems a priority. The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) has also added Marine Plastics and MPs to their list of Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern. As part of NCP and ArcticNet, air, water, sediment and zooplankton samples were collected from on board the CCGS Amundsen. Additionally, atmospheric related samples were collect in Alert and communities in NWT, snow samples from NWT, fish from three communities in NWT and seal stomachs from Resolute Bay.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Cloud Ceiling Height - ArcticNet 2010 - Southern Beaufort Sea

Raw backscatter data were collected from a Vasaila CT25K ceilometer. A ceilometer is a device that uses a laser or other light source to determine the height of a cloud base. Ceilometers can also be used to measure the aerosol concentration within the atmosphere. Sampling took place from  in the Southern Beaufort Sea and the Amundsen Gulf (Canadian Arctic) during the ArcticNet / BP Partnership cruise onboard the CCGS Amundsen.  Data were collected (1) during the ship transit, (2) set transects, (3) at several stations where we stayed 24 hours, and (4) at multi-day drift stations.  The instrument was running continuously during the cruise, with only minor interruptions for maintenance activities.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Coastal monitoring in Nunavut

Onshore research was conducted using the following methods: multi-temporal analysis and mapping of modern and raised coastal systems using airphotos, satellite imagery, LiDAR and RTK surveys. Data on the sediment composition of coastal landforms was collected using graded photographs. Shallow-water mapping of transgressive coastal systems was carried out using multibeam sonar and sub-bottom profiler primarily from the CCGS Amundsen and the CSL Heron during the 2006 ArcticNet NCE scientific cruise.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Atmospheric Profiling Radiometer: 2013

Raw data are collected using a Radiometrics TP/WVP3000A Profiling Radiometer.  The instrument is located directly behind the wheelhouse of the Amundsen icebreaker and has a clear view of the sky.  The upward-looking radome passively monitors microwave radiation in the 22-29 GHz range and in the 51-59 GHz range.  The unit is also equipped to measure cloud height, surface temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure.  Output products include vertical profiles of temperature, water vapour, relative humidity, and an estimate of total column integrated liquid water content.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Paleoceanographic studies of the impacts of natural and anthropogenic perturbations in three Labrador fjord ecosystems (Nachvak, Saglek and Anaktalak).

In November 2006 3 shorts sediment cores from 3 fjord ecosystems located along Labrador's East coast, have been sampled from CCGS Amundsen. In August 2008 4 lakes in Saglek fjord area have been sampled. Data about the properties of the water column and short sediment cores have been taken. In November 2009, a ~8m long piston-core and a ~80cm long gravity-core have been taken in the Nachvak fjord from the CCGS Amundsen. In addition, surface sediment samples were taken through box-cores in the Nachvak, Saglek, Okak and Anaktalak fjords.The cores have been analyzed for various physical and chemical properties, such as sediment density, magnetic susceptibility and contaminant levels. The biostratigraphic analyses involved sediment sub-sampling at 1-2 cm intervals to determine changes in the composition and concentration of fossil diatoms and dinocysts throughout the marine cores, only diatoms for the lacustrine cores. The chronology of each core has been established based on AMS-14C dates on marine shells preserved within the sediments and on the radioactive decay of the 210Pb in the sediments. The surface sediment sampled in the fjord will be used to document the modern dinocyst assemblages in the area to allow more precise past climatic reconstructions.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Photo-pigment concentrations in phytoplankton assemblages collected from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago Sept-Oct 2022.

Pigment concentration data was obtained during a scientific cruise on the CCGS Amundsen from Sept 23 to Oct 16, 2022 to provide phytoplankton taxonomic and photo-physiological information relevant to phytoplankton. Samples were collected directly in duplicate 1L dark nalgene bottles from niskin bottles into at surface depths (5m) and subsurface chlorophyll maxima depths (10 - 40 m). Under low light conditions, samples were filtered onto 47 mm 0.7 micron GF/F filters. Filters were flash frozen and stored in a -80degrees freezer until they were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography techniques by the Pinckney Laboratory at the University of Southern Carolina.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Vertical particle flux data in the Beaufort Sea: 2002-2019

Two to nine moorings carrying pre-programmed sequential sediment traps (at ~100 m and ~200 m depth) were deployed in the southeastern Beaufort Sea (Mackenzie Shelf and Amundsen Gulf) every year since 2002, except for 2013. Sediment traps were prepared following the JGOFS protocol (Knap et al., 1996). Sample cups were filled with filtered seawater (GFF 0.7µm) adjusted to 35 PSU with NaCl. Formalin was added as a preservative (5% v/v, sodium borate buffered). Mesozooplankton swimmers were removed from the samples with a 1-mm sieve and/or by hand-picking under a stereomicroscope. For most of the analyzed samples, Swimmers were identified to the lowest taxonomical level possible, as well as developmental stages in the case of copepods; and a known volume aliquot of the cup was also analyzed for phytoplankton abundance and diversity using inverted microscopy. Sediment trap sub-samples were filtered in triplicates through pre-weighted Whatman glass fibre filters (GFF 0.7µm, 25 mm, combusted 4h at 450°C) for the determination of total particulate matter (TPM), particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) fluxes. Filters were dried for 12 h at 60°C and weighted again for DW. After exposure for 12 hours to concentrated HCl fumes to remove the inorganic carbon fraction, samples were analyzed on a Perkin Elmer CHN 2400 Series II. Data have been partially published in peer-review journals.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Surface-Based Radiometer (SBR) data from the South Beaufort Sea, aboard the Amundsen icebreaker

Continuous measurements of emissivity at 89 and 37 GHz frequencies were acquired in vertical and horizontal polarizations at fixed elevation angle of 55 degrees during transit and scanning elevation angles of 30-150 degrees at every station. The radiometers have been installed at the 200 level on the Amundsen icebreaker on the port side. Generally the instruments continued acquiring data at a fixed elevation angle during the transit, and 3-5 scans have been performed at every station along with auxiliary data such as GPS, geographic location of the station, photographs of the same field of view, air temperature, wind data, atmospheric conditions, surface characteristics, etc. The acquired data are in binary format which is produced for every scan and fixed mode. The time in the data logger is generally set to UTC. A filename example is 'RADDAT-2007-11-06-122647.DAT'.

Organization: Amundsen Science
ArcticNet/IOL 0902a - Beaufort Sea CTD Data

The CTD data was obtained during the 2009 ArcticNet scientific cruise #0902a with the participation of Imperial Oil Ltd. (IOL).

The data were collected from July 18 to 27, 2009, aboard the CCGS Amundsen. There were 24 casts associated to 22 stations, located in the Ajurak Block prospection site.

The following parameters were measured: temperature, conductivity and pressure (with a Sea-Bird SBE-9plus), dissolved oxygen (Sea-Bird SBE-43), pH (Sea-Bird SBE-18-I), fluorescence (Seapoint chlorophyll fluorometer), nitrate concentration (Satlantic MBARI-ISUS 5T), transmittance (Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer), currents (RDI LADCP), turbidity (UVP 5), light intensity (PAR; Biospherical Instruments QCP2300) and surface light intensity (sPAR; Biospherical Instruments QCP2200). Quality control procedures were applied to the data. Data are available on the Polar Data Catalogue and at the Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS) of Fisheries and Oceans Canada.

Organization: Amundsen Science
2008 Multibeam Sonar Data collected from the CCGS Amundsen

Ocean Mapping Group acoustic data generated from the 2008 multibeam sonar survey on the 2008 CCGS Amundsen ArcticNet Cruise. The data include high-resolution bathymetry and acoustic backscatter imagery collected 24 hours a day, whenever the ship was in transit or had dedicated survey time.

Organization: Amundsen Science
CASES 0406-Beaufort Sea CTD data

The CTD data was obtained during LEG 09 of the 2004 CASES scientific cruise #0406. This Leg was carried out from August 5th 2004 to August 26th 2004 aboard the CCGS Amundsen. There were 24 CTD casts in Leg 9. Twenty casts, associated to 5 oceanographic stations, are located in the Beaufort sea research area. The following parameters were measured: temperature, conductivity and pressure (with a Sea-Bird 911 probe), oxygen (Sea-Bird 43), pH (Seabird 18), fluorescence (Seapoint fluorometer), nitrates (Satlantic MBARI ISUS), transmittance (Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer), PAR/Irradiance and SPAR/Irradiance (Biospherical Instruments QC2300). Data were quality controlled.  Data are available on the Polar Data Catalogue and at the Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS) of Fisheries and Ocean Canada.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Belcher Glacier surface and bedrock digital elevation models and ice thickness map

Improved surface and bedrock DEMs have been produced for the Belcher Glacier using data from different sources, including in situ measurements, airborne soundings, and satellite images. Surface elevation is based on 2007 (late summer) SPOT5 HRS images.

Bed elevation values are derived from surface-based ground penetrating radar soundings conducted during the 2007 and 2008 summer field seasons. Airborne radar surveys in 2000 and 2005 by the Scott Polar Research Institute and the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, respectively, provide ice thickness data. By subtracting ice thickness from surface elevation using the surface DEM, bedrock elevation values are derived. Additional bedrock elevation data for the seafloor in front of the terminus of Belcher Glacier were obtained from a bathymetric survey in 2006 by workers from Memorial University of Newfoundland and the University of New Brunswick working off the CCGS Amundsen.

A 40-m grid is used as a map base. Bed elevation values were found for each point on the grid by applying a kernel that weighted values of surrounding points by distance. After finding a suitable semivariogram model, statistical interpolation (kriging) was performed to fill in the rest of the grid points to produce the bedrock DEM. As a check, a 1999 Landsat panchromatic image was used to force bedrock elevation to equal surface elevation within the boundaries of rock outcrops and thus ensure that ice thickness is zero throughout.

Organization: Amundsen Science
OASIS-CANADA-OOTI CFL: Atmospheric composition and structure during the CFL campaign near the Amundsen icebreaker in the Amundsen Gulf

Data were compiled in campaign mode and were obtained over the ice of the Amundsen Gulf, using the OOTI (Out On The Ice) mobile laboratory mounted on a specially manufactured Arctic sled and running on a bank of 12 VDC batteries. Chemical and meteorological variables were collected with commercial instrumentation, as detailed below. Mercury (Hg): Gardis (atomic absorption spectroscopy) instrumentation displayed strong dependence of the cell desorption with battery voltage, thus data are not archived. Bromine monoxide (BrO): Measurements were made with a hybrid MAXDOAS (multi-axis differential optical absorption) instrument built by the University of Heidelberg and Hoffmann Messtechnik GmbH, and integrated scan head built by University of Alaska Fairbanks. Bromine monoxide and oxygen dimer data were taken at variable temporal resolution based on available light intensity and are all included in one file for the entire campaign.  Ozone (O3): One-minute averages are taken with two 2B technology monitors at two different heights and archived data are merged with meteorological variables in daily combined data files.  Atmospheric turbulence was characterised by Sonic anemometer; Data were recorded at 10Hz, 1 Hz, 1 minute sampling frequency and archived at one-minute resolution. Wind, temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, and radiation: Campbell Scientific instrumentation data are archived at one-minute intervals. Position: GPS was recorded at 10Hz resolution by NovaTel GPS receiver built into the OOTI system. One-minute frequency record is included with combined ozone and meteorological data daily files. Environmental survey (photos): Logitech webcam taking snap shots at five-minute intervals are archived. Carbon dioxide measurements made with Licor instrument indicated strong dependence on temperature and input voltage thus are not archived.

Organization: Amundsen Science
Ship-Based Meteorological Data, 2015 ArcticNet, Leg 1, Labrador Sea

During the ArcticNet annual cruises of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen, characteristics of the near-surface atmosphere (basic meteorological elements, incident radiation) are monitored.  Central to this integrated dataset, the following meteorological variables were recorded at 1 minute intervals (instrument used to collect each variable is in parentheses, and approximate instrument height above surface is indicated): wind speed (RM Young Wind Monitor 05106-10) - 16m height; wind direction (RM Young Wind Monitor 05106-10) -16m height; air temperature (Vaisala HMP45C212) - 15m height; relative humidity (Vaisala HMP45C212) -15m height; and, surface temperature (Apogee IR Transducer SI-111) - 8m height, atmospheric pressure.

All instruments were mounted on a meteorological tower on the bow of the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen.

Organization: Amundsen Science