AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Data from: The impact and production of the Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) biological control agent Lygomusotima stria, is affected by the level of host plant fertilization

<p dir="ltr">Old World climbing fern, is one of the worst environmental weeds of southern and central Florida, USA. The weed climbs over other plants, forming thick mats that block sunlight to native shrubs and trees. In the introduced range, Old World climbing fern invades much of the southern peninsula of Florida where cost-effective, sustainable control methods are needed. A potential biological control agent, the defoliating moth Lygomusotima stria was collected in Thailand and Singapore and was shown to be safe for release in the invaded range. Here, we report the results of greenhouse studies that examined the performance of the Lygomusotima stria larvae and their impact on the target weed when grown at a range of fertilizer and insect damage levels. The results indicate that larvae had greater survival when fed plants at the highest fertilizer level. Further, two generations of feeding by larvae decreased stem weights at the lowest fertilizer level and new shoot numbers. At higher fertilizer conditions, the plants were able to tolerate larva damage resulting in no significant changes in plant tissue allocations. By impacting stems and new shoots, these results suggest this insect will impede the ability of this weed to climb substrates especially in lower resource conditions.</p>

Tags: agent-impact, invasive-ferns, invasive-species, weed-biological-control, weed-biological-control-agents
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Data from: Single-kernel NIR spectroscopy for non-destructive rice bran color discrimination across diverse hull types and production environments

<p dir="ltr">Uniformity of rice bran color is important in the whole grain rice market as well as in seed rice production. Normally, determining bran color requires the removal of the outer hull, which is a destructive process, time-consuming, and an obstacle to the production of nutritious pigmented bran varieties. In this study, single-kernel near-infrared (SKNIR) spectroscopy (905-1688 nm) and multivariate techniques were explored to discriminate rough rice based on bran color (brown, purple, red bran) in rice varieties with similar hull colors (Objective 1), different hull colors (Objective 2), and different growing environments in the US (Objective 3).  Dataset includes raw SKNIR data and correlation coefficients of wavelengths used to differentiate between red, purple, and brown rice for objectives 1-3.  </p>

Tags: machine-learning, multivariate-analysis, near-infrared-spectrscopy, pigmented-rice, rice-bran-color
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Horizontal Gene Transfer of SGI-4 (from BBS 1356) or a plasmid containing<i> oriT</i><sub>SGI-4_966</sub> (from BBS 1636) to <i>Salmonella</i> serovars or other Enterobacteriaceae

<p>Conjugation efficiency of <em>Salmonella</em> Genomic Island 4 (SGI-4) from donor <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain BBS 1356 or a plasmid containing<em> oriT</em><sub>SGI-4_966</sub> from donor <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain BBS 1636 to recipient strains of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovars (Choleraesuis, Infantis, Enteritidis, and Senftenberg) or other Enterobacteriaceae (<em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Citrobacter youngae</em>)<em>.</em> The <em>oriT</em><sub>SGI-4_966</sub> nucleotide sequence spans nucleotides <a href="https://agdatacommons.nal.usda.gov/institution/review" target="_blank">4704810</a>-<a href="https://agdatacommons.nal.usda.gov/institution/review" target="_blank">4705775</a> of the <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain USDA15WA-1 genome (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/CP040686" target="_blank">CP040686</a>). Conjugation efficiency was calculated by dividing the colony forming units (CFU)/mL of transconjugants divided by the CFU/mL of donors. A transconjugant is a bacterial recipient that received DNA from the donor strain due to horizontal gene transfer.</p>

Tags: bacterial-conjugation, horizontal-gene-transfer, integrative-conjugative-element, origin-of-transfer-orit, salmonella, salmonella-4512-i, salmonella-enterica-serovar-i-4512-i, salmonella-genomic-island-4
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Data from: Impacts of gene duplication in the evolution of symbiotic root nodule symbiosis

<p dir="ltr">The emerging consensus regarding the origin of root nodule symbiosis (RNS), based on modeling of trait gain and loss across approximately 13,000 species within the “nitrogen-fixing clade” in the rosid group, is that the trait has arisen multiple times, probably semi-independently, and has also been lost repeatedly. Evolution of a new organ and functions involves many thousands of genes; but the evolutionary histories for many of these genes may be uninformative regarding RNS evolution. A portion of the genes, however, are likely to be derived from prior gene duplications and to have acquired new functions or to have come under new regulatory patterns. Whole genome duplications (WGDs) could conceivably enable the necessary neo- or sub-functionalization for new roles in the nodule. All species that exhibit RNS share a history of several ancient WGDs; but the last such common WGD for these species was the “gamma” paleohexaploidy that occurred early in the core eudicot lineage, ~120 million years ago (Mya). This presents a puzzle: if RNS didn’t originate until ~60-80 Mya, within the respective families exhibiting RNS, what explains the long quiescent period (~40-60 million years) and the many eudicot lineages without RNS? This study focuses on a collection of gene families with additional independent WGDs that appear to have occurred in the interim period, after the gamma triplication and prior to the evolution of RNS, identifying several that are both essential for RNS and that show evidence of critical roles of both ancient WGDs and more recent local duplications. The data in this repository includes gene families for the legumes and allied species (some with RNS, some without), that has been used in associated manuscript to trace the origin of a collection of genes involved in RNS.</p>

Tags: evolution, gene-expression, gene-families, root-nodule-symbiosis, symbiotic-nitrogen-fixation-snf
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Horizontal Gene Transfer of SGI-4 or a plasmid containing <i>oriT</i><sub>SGI-4</sub> to <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium

<p dir="ltr">Conjugation efficiency of <i>Salmonella</i> Genomic Island 4 (SGI-4) from donor <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- or a plasmid containing<i> oriT</i><sub>SGI-4</sub> to recipient strain <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium<i>.</i> The <i>oriT</i><sub>SGI-4</sub> nucleotide sequences are located in the region that spans nucleotides 4704600-4706000 of the <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain USDA15WA-1 genome (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/CP040686" target="_blank">CP040686</a>). Conjugation efficiency was calculated by dividing the colony forming units (CFU)/mL of transconjugants by the CFU/mL of donors. A transconjugant is a bacterial recipient that received DNA from the donor strain due to horizontal gene transfer.</p>

Tags: bacterial-conjugation, horizontal-gene-transfer, integrative-conjugative-element, origin-of-transfer-orit, salmonella, salmonella-4512-i, salmonella-enterica-serovar-i-4512-i, salmonella-genomic-island-4
Organization: Department of Agriculture
NCVS Select - Personal Victimization

Contains personal crime victimizations. Personal crimes include rape and sexual assault, robbery, aggravated and simple assault, and personal theft/larceny (purse-snatching/pocket picking). Persons that did not report a personal crime victimization are not included on this file. Victimizations that took place outside of the United States are excluded from this file.

Tags: bjs, bureau-of-justice-statistics, national-crime-victimization-survey, ncvs, victimization, victims
Organization: Department of Justice
CrimeSolutions.gov Programs

A Program is a specific set of activities carried out according to guidelines to achieve a defined purpose. Program profiles on CrimeSolutions tell us whether a specific program was found to achieve its goals when it was carefully evaluated. The results apply to the exact set of activities and procedures used for that one program as it was implemented at the time of evaluation. Thus, the program profile tells us that a program is likely to produce the observed result if implemented in exactly the same way. A hypothetical question that might be answered by a program profile is: Did the ABC Mentoring Program in Anytown, USA achieve its goals

Tags: not-given
Organization: Department of Justice
National Juvenile Court Data Archive, United States, 1985-2019

The National Juvenile Court Data Archive houses over 15 million automated records of cases handled by courts with juvenile jurisdiction. Although some states' data contain traffic and dependency cases, the majority are delinquency and status offense records. The collection itself dates back to the 1920s when it was under the Children's Bureau, however in 1974 the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), within the U.S. Department of Justice assumed responsibility for the work of promoting access to automated juvenile court data sets for juvenile justice research and policymaking efforts.
The Archive contains the most detailed information available on juveniles involved in the juvenile justice system and on the activities of U.S. juvenile courts. The Archive houses a sizable collection of automated juvenile court data files that not only support the national estimates but also support the study of a wide range of national and subnational juvenile justice issues. Designed to facilitate research on the juvenile justice system, the Archive's data files are available to policy-makers, researchers, students, and the public. The data have been used to explore a broad range of topics, from investigating the effectiveness of juvenile court programs and examining policy developments in individual jurisdictions, to monitoring the impact of legislative changes, and guiding juvenile justice system reform. 

Tags: case-processing, criminal-justice-programs, criminal-justice-system, delinquent-behavior, juvenile-courts, juvenile-justice, policy, statistical-data, status-offenses, youths
Organization: Department of Justice
Mentoring Youth for Leadership Initiative: Evaluating Impact, Program Practices, and Implementation on High-Risk Youth, United States, 2015-2018

The aim of this study was to conduct an outcome and process evaluation of the Mentoring Youth for Leadership (MYL) project, which was spearheaded by Leadership Foundations (LF), and utilized an Elements of Effective Practice in Mentoring framework. LF's initiative was designed to reduce youth violence and delinquency, as they strengthen program practices over time. The MYL project served over 3,000 at-risk, high-risk, or underserved youth, their families, and communities, through 26 LF affiliates in 22 states. There were two main objectives: to assess the relations between program practice implementation and youth and match outcomes among mentoring programs in a national network, and to understand the experiences that programs had while embarking on a quality improvement initiative that was focused on improving program practices. Variables include program benchmarks achieved, mentee's school records, relationships with their parents, and staff member's feelings towards their program. Additionally, 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 MYL program representatives. Mentee's age, gender, race, and ethnicity were also recorded.

Tags: evaluation, families, mentorship, youths-at-risk
Organization: Department of Justice
Bridge of Faith: Aim4Peace Community-Based Violence Prevention Project, Kansas City, Missouri, 2014-2017

This study followed the outcomes of the Bridge of Faith program. Bridge of Faith is an expansion project based on efforts of the Aim4Peace Violence Prevention Program, serving youth 13-24 years of age living in a prioritized area of Kansas City, Missouri. Bridge of Faith created goals and objectives that strategically address a continuum from response to violence exposure, intervention for violence survivors, and preventing of violence exposure. Activities were designed to target a reduction in risk factors and improvement in resiliency factors associated with the use of violence, as well as improve access to care and quality of services for those who are survivors of violence to reduce the probability of violence and exposure to others in the future. The overall purpose was to improve the health, social, and economic outcomes for youth and families who have been exposed to trauma and/or violence and prevent further violence from occurring. The project will facilitate
these outcomes in specific goals and objectives to expand access to evidence-based programs and services for youth survivors through a new platform for collaborating agencies to link survivors of violence to additional wrap around services, and enhance the performance of service agencies through training, strengthening knowledge and skill development to ensure quality, trauma-informed, and culturally competent care. 
This study on the Bridge of Faith Project was split into two datasets, Participant Survey Data and Police Data. Individuals were the unit of analysis measured in the Participant Survey Data, and criminal acts were the unit of analysis measured in the Police Data. Participant Survey Data contains 22 variables and 12 cases. Police Data contains 26 variables and 9 cases.

Tags: aggravated-assault, crime-rates, homicide, intervention-strategies, police-records, urban-crime, victims, youths-at-risk
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluating Program Enhancements for Mentors Working with Children of Incarcerated Parents (COIP), United States, 2016-2020

The Children of Incarcerated Parents (COIP) Project was established as a means of evaluating mentorships between children whose parents are incarcerated and program mentors. This establishment was done as a result of the fact that over half of currently incarcerated Americans are parents, and over half of children whose parents are incarcerated are below the age of 10. The consequences of children having parents incarcerated can include family instability and possible future criminal activity of such children. The COIP Project was implemented across various mentorship programs throughout the United States with the objective of countering these issues.

Tags: adolescents, child-development, children, family-background, family-relations, juvenile-justice, mentoring, opinions, parent-child-relationship, parental-attitudes, parental-influence, parents, program-evaluation, youths, youths-at-risk
Organization: Department of Justice
Rochester Intergenerational Study (RIGS), New York, United States, 1999-2019

 The Rochester Intergenerational Study (RIGS), is an extension of the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS).  RIGS investigates intergenerational continuity and discontinuity of drug use in a three-generation prospective design. The focal participant is the oldest biological child (G3) of the original participant in the RYDS study. The project contains developmental data collected since 1988 on the G2 parents and G1 grandparents; combining those data with the prospective data collected from 1999 to 2019 allows examination of how the parent's own developmental course influences their transition to adulthood and their behavior as parents which, in turn, can be used to explain the onset and development of the G3 child's drug use.
 Variables included pertain to the parent's stressors, drug use and problem behaviors, prosocial bonds, peer networks, gang affiliation, family context, major family events, and parenting behaviors. G3 assessments include their general psychosocial development, with detailed information on the onset and course of their drug use, problem behaviors, school behavior, and prosocial behavior.

Tags: alcohol-abuse, alcohol-consumption, coping, drug-abuse, drug-use, family-violence, gangs, gun-ownership, intimate-partner-violence, job-security, marital-relations, military-service, peer-influence, social-networks, stress
Organization: Department of Justice
Long-term Mentoring Relationships and Extending the Impacts of the Youth Mentoring Experience into Young Adulthood, Missouri, 2017-2019

The focus of this study is on the relationship between participants in a mentoring program for youths at risk and program staff. A motive for this study is to determine the existence of a genuine long-term impact between these two groups. Although numerous mentoring programs argue that there are benefits to their existence, there had been previously little data to justify these claims. This study contains a mixture of statistical data and qualitative information.

Tags: child-development, educational-background, employment, juveniles, mentoring, participation, programs, youths, youths-at-risk
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of Safe Harbor Laws and Their Impact on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, United States, 2015-2018

The Institute of Medicine and National Research Council in 2013 called for a paradigm shift within the justice system, toward treating minors involved in commercial sex as victims instead of criminals. Their call ultimately led to a proliferation at the state level of safe harbor laws--laws designed to remove the punitive sanctions for young victims of commercial sexual exploitation. The goal of this study was to begin measuring the impact of safe harbor laws. The methodology blends quantitative and qualitative analyses in a three-phase design.
Phase 1, a legal review, concentrates on the evolution of safe harbor laws in the United States. It presents an overview of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC), details the philosophy and conceptualization of safe harbor laws, and presents findings regarding state-level efforts to adopt safe harbor laws.
Phase 2 uses elements of the legal review to conduct a quantitative assessment of safe harbor laws employing a quasi-experimental, longitudinal design to compare counties that have and have not implemented safe harbor laws over an 11-year period (2005-15).
Phase 3 involves an in-depth qualitative assessment of two states: one that implemented safe harbor laws and demonstrated positive outcomes, and one that implemented safe harbor laws without demonstrating positive outcomes.

Tags: child-prostitution, evaluation, sex-trafficking
Organization: Department of Justice
Cross-age Peer Mentoring to Enhance Resilience Among Low-Income Urban Youth Living in High Violence Chicago Communities, 2014-2019

The goal
of this mixed-methods study was to evaluate the effectiveness of community
based cross-age mentoring to reduce negative outcomes related to violence
exposure/engagement and promote positive development among African-American and
Latinx youth from multiple sites serving four low-income, high violence urban
neighborhoods, using youth mentors from the same high-risk environment. The program was named by youth mentors,
"Saving Lives, Inspiring Youth" (or SLIY henceforth).
Cross-age peer mentoring programs promise to solve problems and
ineffectiveness of other types of mentoring programs, but few have been
systematically studied in high-poverty, high-crime communities. In
collaboration with several community organizations, a prospective approach was
implemented to follow cross-age mentors and mentees for up to one year of
mentoring. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to examine
possible changes in a number of relevant constructs, and to understand program
impact in greater depth.
Mentoring sessions lasting one hour took place each week, with an hour debriefing session
for mentors following each mentoring session. Quantitative data were collected
pre, post and at a 9-12 month follow-up. Throughout the mentoring intervention,
several forms of qualitative data were gathered to make it possible for youth
voices to permeate understanding findings, to illuminate program processes that
youth perceived as helpful and not helpful, and to provide multiple
perspectives on youths' resilience and their understanding of the risks they
faced. Both mentors and community collaborators were trained and engaged as
community researchers. School-based data were also collected. Demographic variables include participants' age, race, and grade in school.

Tags: peer-groups, youths-at-risk
Organization: Department of Justice
National Initiative for Building Community Trust and Justice, 6 United States cities, 2011-2018

The National Initiative for Building Community Trust and Justice (the National Initiative) is a joint project of the National Network for Safe Communities, the Center for Policing Equity, the Justice Collaboratory at Yale Law School, and the Urban Institute, designed to improve relationships and increase trust between communities and law enforcement. 
Funded by the Department of Justice, this mixed-methods evaluation aimed to assess outcomes and impacts in six cities that participated in the National Initiative, which include Birmingham, AL; Fort Worth, TX; Gary, IN;
Minneapolis, MN; Pittsburgh, PA; and Stockton, CA. The data described herein
represent two waves of surveys of residents living in the highest-crime, lowest-income residential street segments in the six National Initiative cities.
The first wave was conducted between September 2015 and January 2016, and the second wave was conducted between July and October 2017. Survey items were designed to measure neighborhood residents' perceptions of their neighborhood conditions--with particular emphases on neighborhood safety, disorder, and victimization--and perceptions of the police as it relates to procedural justice, police legitimacy, officer trust, community-focused policing, police bias, willingness to partner with the police on solving crime, and the law.
The data described herein are from pre- and post-training assessment surveys of officers who participated in three trainings: 1) procedural justice (PJ) conceptual training, which is the application of PJ in the context of law enforcement-civilian interactions, as well as its role in mitigating historical tensions between law enforcement and communities of color; 2) procedural justice tactical, which provided simulation and scenario-based exercises and techniques to operationalize PJ principles in officers' daily activities; and 3) implicit bias, which engaged officers in critical thought about racial bias, and prepared them to better identify and handle identity traps that enable implicit biases. Surveys for the procedural justice conceptual training were fielded between December 2015 and July 2016; procedural justice tactical between February 2016 and June 2017; and implicit bias between September 2016 and April 2018. Survey items were designed to measure officers' understanding of procedural justice and implicit bias concepts, as well as officers' levels of satisfaction with the trainings.

Tags: community-policing, criminal-justice-policy, police-brutality, procedural-justice
Organization: Department of Justice