AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Data from: Biochar stability in a highly weathered sandy soil under four years of continuous corn production

<p>This is digital research metadata corresponding to a published manuscript in Energies (MDPI) entitled "Biochar stability in a highly weathered sandy soil under four years of continuous corn production", Volume 14, Issue 19, 6157. Dataset may be accessed via the included link at the Dryad data repository.</p>
<p>Biochar is being considered a climate change mitigation tool by increasing soil organic carbon contents (SOC), however, questions remain concerning its longevity in soil. We applied 30,000 kg ha−1 of biochars to plots containing a Goldsboro sandy loam (Fine-loamy, siliceous, sub-active, thermic Aquic Paleudults) and then physically disked all plots. Thereafter, the plots were agronomically managed under 4 years (Y) of continuous corn (<em>Zea mays</em>, L.) planting. Annually, incremental soil along with corresponding bulk density samples were collected and SOC concentrations were measured in topsoil (down to 23-cm). The biochars were produced from Lodgepole pine (<em>Pinus contorta</em>) chip (PC) and Poultry litter (PL) feedstocks. An untreated Goldsboro soil (0 biochar) served as a control. After four years, SOC contents in the biochar treated plots were highest in the top 0–5 and 5–10 cm depth suggesting minimal deeper movement. Declines in SOC contents varied with depth and biochar type. After correction for SOC declines in controls, PL biochar treated soil had a similar decline in SOC (7.9 to 10.3%) contents. In contrast, the largest % SOC content decline (20.2%) occurred in 0–5 cm deep topsoil treated with PC biochar. Our results suggest that PC biochar had less stability in the Goldsboro soil than PL biochar after 4 years of corn grain production.</p>
<p>Methods are described in the manuscript: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196157">https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196157</a>. Descriptions corresponding to each figure and table in the manuscript are placed on separate tabs in the Excel file to clarify abbreviations and summarize the data headings and units. </p><div><br>Resources in this dataset:</div><br><ul><li><p>Resource Title: Digital research data for Biochar stability in a highly weathered sandy soil under four years of continuous corn production.</p> <p>File Name: Web Page, url: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kh2">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kh2</a> </p><p>Novak, Jeffrey et al. (2021), Digital research data from: Biochar stability in a highly weathered sandy soil under four years of continuous corn production, Dryad, Dataset, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kh2">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kh2</a></p></li></ul><p></p>

Tags: ars, biochar, biochar-stability, carbon-sequestration, climate-change, data-gov, highly-weathered-soils, np212
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Data from: TaqMan-based duplex real-time PCR approach for analysis of grain composition (Zea mays - Sorghum bicolor) in feedstock flour mixes for bioethanol production

<p>Some U.S bioethanol plants use a blend of maize and sorghum grains as feedstocks depending on availability and price. Knowledge of the grain composition of milled feedstock is beneficial for maximizing process efficiency and for potential future regulatory requirements. To analyze feedstock composition, we developed a duplex real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan™ probes for the simultaneous analysis of flour blends. For sorghum, the method amplified a sequence within the F-Box domain-containing protein and for maize, the method amplified a sequence of the high mobility group a (HMGa) proteins. To acquire fluorescent signals simultaneously, FAM and TAMRA fluorescent probes were used to label the sorghum- and maize- specific probes, respectively. Results showed that the primers and probes were highly specific either for maize or sorghum. The real-time duplex PCR assay was validated on simulated flour binary mixtures and high in the precision and accuracy for the sorghum PCR system. Results with the established method showed specificity and sensitivity in quantifying sorghum composition in bioethanol feedstock mixtures.</p>
<p>Resources in this dataset: </p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Resource title: Primer sets used
File name: Table 1 1.jpg</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Resource title: Experimental setup
File name: experiemntal set ups Real time PCR project Sorgh-Maize.xlsx</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Resource title: Multiplex data HMGa and FBox
File name: 2022-01-24 multiplex FBox - HMGa 60 C 200nM.xls
Resource description: Data and analysis of sorhum maize and miusxtures using HMGa and FBox genes</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Resource title: multiplex FBox HMGa flour mixes 60 C
File name: 2022-02-22 multiplex FBox HMGa flour mixes 60 C 11 points.xls
Resource description: PCR multiplex data FBox HMGa flour mixes 60 C</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Resource title: Standard curves for zein DNA HMGa gene
File name: 2022-01-11 Hmga - Zein X07535 standard curves.xls
Resource description: Standard curves for zein DNA HMGa gene detection</p>
</li>
</ul>

Tags: ars, bioethanol, data-gov, maize, np306, rt-qpcr, sorghum, sorghum-bicolor, zea-mays
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Data from: Density-mediated emissions by Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) modulates foraging by conspecifics

<p>Our goal was to manipulate and observe the density-mediated effects of crowding on the behavioral response of both species to common food-based and pheromonal stimuli, and how the volatile emission patterns from grain differed under increasing densities. To accomplish this, the density of colonies for both species was altered (10–500 adults) on a fixed quantity of food (10 g of flour or whole wheat), then the behavioral response to common food and pheromonal cues was evaluated in a wind tunnel and release-recapture experiment, and the volatiles from the colonies were examined through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Importantly, our results suggest that, at least for T. castaneum, crowded conditions attenuates attraction to food-based stimuli, but not pheromonal stimuli. Crowding seemed to have no effect on R. dominica response to food stimuli at the densities tested. The relative composition and abundance of headspace volatiles emitted varied significantly with different densities of beetles and was also species-specific. Overall, our results have implications for behaviorally-based management tactics that may be able to improve the sustainability of post-harvest agriculture.</p>

Tags: ars, behavior, behavioral-ecology, carrying-capacity, cgahr, data-gov, density, flour, food-lure, gas-chromatographs, grain, integrated-pest-management, ipm, kairomone-lure, kansas, lesser-grain-borer, pheromone-lure, postharvest, red-flour-beetle, release-recapture, rhyzopertha-dominica, semiochemicals, stored-product-pests, stored-products, tribolium-castaneum, usda, wheat, wind-tunnel
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Data from: Seasonal vapor pressure deficit and temperature effects on carbon dioxide and water dynamics in a prevalent crop rotation in the northern Great Plains

<p dir="ltr">A spring wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) -corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) -soybean (<i>Glycine</i> max (L.) Merr.) rotation has become widespread in dry-land cropping systems in the northern Great Plains of the United States. But this region experiences extreme variability in climate, which is projected to increase in the future, and little is known about how seasonal weather changes impact this crop rotation in terms of carbon and water balances. To address this research gap, we analyzed micrometeorological and eddy covariance measurements through two rotations of spring wheat-corn-soybean in a no-till, rainfed field managed according to prevailing local practices near Mandan, ND USA. Using linear regression models, we found a negative correlation between vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil water content, which explained 84 % of the variation in net-ecosystem production (NEP) and 64 % of the variation in gross ecosystem production (GEP). Results also indicated that evapotranspiration (ET) across dormant and growing seasons among three crops (i.e., six crop-seasons) was mainly determined by VPD during the dormant season but a threshold ET was attained as VPD increased between growing seasons. Elevated temperatures during the dormant season explained 88 % of the variability in ecosystem respiration during the dormant season. These results imply that anticipated increases in evaporative demand due to elevated temperatures and/or low humidity in conjunction with soil drought may necessitate wider adoption of conservation agricultural practices that enhance soil moisture recharge during the dormant season.</p>

Tags: croplands, drought-stress, northern-great-plains, soil-water-content, vapor-pressure-deficit-vpd
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Nitrogen Source Study for Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network in Mandan, North Dakota

<p>Nitrogen Source Study for Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network in Mandan, North Dakota
Use of dietary amendments to reduce nitrogen (N) in excreta represents a possible strategy to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock.  In this regard, ingestion of small amounts of condensed quebracho tannin has been found to reduce N concentration in livestock urine.  In this study, we sought to quantify the effects of tannin-affected cattle urine, normal cattle urine, and NH4NO3 in solution on greenhouse gas flux.  Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) flux was measured using static chamber methodology from the three N treatments and a no application control over a six-week period in a mixed grass prairie in west-central North Dakota, USA.  Over the course of the study, average CO2 emission was greatest from normal urine (335 ± 8 mg C m-2 hr-1) and least from the control (229 ± 19 mg C m-2 hr-1), with intermediate fluxes for the tannin urine and NH4NO3 treatments (290 ± 27 and 286 ± 54 mg C m-2 hr-1, respectively).  Methane uptake was prevalent throughout the study, as soil conditions were predominantly warm and dry.  Uptake of CH4 was greatest within the control (-30 ± 2 µg C m-2 hr-1) and least in the tannin urine treatment (-12 ± 4 µg C m-2 hr-1).  Uptake of CH4 was over 40% less within the tannin urine treatment as compared to normal urine, and may have been repressed by the capacity of tannin to bind monooxygenases responsible for CH4 oxidation.  Average N2O emission from NH4NO3 solution was more than twice that of all other treatments.  Though the tannin urine treatment possessed 34% less N than normal cattle urine, cumulative N2O emission between the treatments did not differ.  Results from this study suggest the use of condensed quebracho tannin as a dietary amendment for livestock does not yield GHG mitigation benefits in the short-term.</p> <div><br>Resources in this dataset:</div><br><ul><li><p>Resource Title: GeoData catalog record.</p> <p>File Name: Web Page, url: <a href="https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/40cfe233-a757-4049-b1e8-eb37b1c017e0" target="_blank">https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/40cfe233-a757-4049-b1e8-eb37b1c017e0</a> </p></li></ul>

Tags: ars, cattle, climate, cows, data-gov, environment, farming, fertilizer, grazing, greenhouse-gas-emissions, methane, nitrogen, np211, np212, pastures, precipitation, soil, temperature
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Data from: Effects of solar energy development on ants in the Mojave Desert

<p>Data files for manuscript titled "Effects of solar energy development on ants in the Mojave Desert".</p>
<p>Excel file with 4 tabs: Metadata; Abundance, Richness, Shannon; Community Composition; and Functional Traits. Metadata is contained within Excel file that describes all variables for each tab.</p>
<p>Abstract from paper:
Land-use change from solar energy development may affect desert ecosystems and the soils, plants, and animals therein, yet our understanding of these interactions is nascent. With their ubiquity, criticality as ecosystem constituents, and sensitivity to environmental variation, ants may be useful study organisms for elucidating ecological effects of solar energy development in deserts. Our objectives were to disentangle the response of a desert ant community to solar energy development decisions and test the efficacy of ants as bioindicators at Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System (ISEGS, 392 MW) in the Mojave Desert, USA. We used pitfall traps to collect ants in treatments representing different solar energy development decisions, including variably intense site preparation practices: blading (i.e., bulldozing) and mowing, and establishment of undeveloped patches in solar fields replicated across three power blocks comprising ISEGS and in undeveloped control sites surrounding ISEGS. We determined that ant abundance, species richness, Shannon Diversity Index, and functional richness was lower in bladed treatments than in all other treatments and controls. For most taxonomic and functional ant responses, we detected no difference between non-bladed treatments and controls; these results suggest that less intensive site preparation and increased spatial heterogeneity (i.e., undeveloped patches in solar fields) reduce negative effects of solar energy development on desert ants. However, our results suggest that ants may serve as useful bioindicators of the severity of anthropogenic disturbance from solar energy development in deserts, and indicator analysis signifies that solar energy infrastructure may negatively affect some species with high ecological value (e.g., harvester ants). Negative effects of solar energy development on ants can have significant implications for desert ecosystem function and integrity, but conservation-minded solar facility design and construction may lead to avoidance of “bottom-up” ecological ramifications of increased solar production during the renewable energy transition.</p>

Tags: anthropogenic-disturbance, ants, ars, data-gov, formicidae, functional-diversity, ivanpah-valley, land-use-change, mojave-desert, np304, site-preparation, solar-energy
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Effect of burn season and grazing deferment on mountain big sagebrush plant communities

<p>Relative species and cover group data from a four-year long replicated experiment comparing the effects of season of fire (spring or fall) and sheep grazing deferment on sagebrush-steppe rangelands in east Idaho, USA. Study conducted by USDA-Agriculture Research Service Range Sheep Production Efficiency Research unit staff at the US Sheep Experiment Station near Dubois, ID. Deferment treatments included either no grazing for one or two growing seasons after fire, or no deferment, in which domestic sheep returned in the season after fire. Data also include species lookup table, precipitation data, and data library.</p>
<p>Resources in this dataset:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Resource Title: Species Lookup Table
File Name: SpeciesListPrint2.csv
Resource Description: Species code and cover group code table</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Resource Title: Data dictionary
File Name: DataDictionary_SFF_2023.xlsx
Resource Description: Data dictionary for data tables</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Resource Title: US Sheep Experiment Station Long Term Precipitation Record (inches)
File Name: PrecipUSSESInches.csv
Resource Description: US Sheep Experiment Station Long Term Precipitation Record (inches). Collected at Station Headquarters near Dubois, Idaho.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Resource Title: Relative Cover Data by Species
File Name: FoliarCoverSpecies.csv
Resource Description: Relative cover data by species (codes). See species lookup table for species names.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Resource Title: Relative cover data by cover groups
File Name: FoliarCoverGroups.csv
Resource Description: Relative foliar cover data summarized by cover type. See species lookup table for species names.</p>
</li>
</ul>

Tags: ars, data-gov, fire-grazing-interaction, np215, public-lands, rangelands, sagebrush-steppe, sheep
Organization: Department of Agriculture
High efficiency Nitrogen Study for Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network in Fort Collins, Colorado

<p>High efficiency Nitrogen Study for Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network in Fort Collins, Colorado
Nitrogen fertilization is essential for optimizing crop yields; however, it increases N2O emissions. The study objective was to compare N2O emissions resulting from application of commercially available enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers with emissions from conventional dry granular urea in irrigated cropping systems. These emissions were monitored from several irrigated cropping systems receiving N fertilizer rates ranging from 0-202 kg/ha years 2009-2011. Fertilizer types include Urea, UAN, SuperU (N inhibitor), ESN(slow release). In 2009, we eliminated the conventional tillage treatment.  Cropping systems from 2009-2011 included a more conservative strip-till continuous corn (ST-CC) rotation and a no-till continuous corn (NT-CC) rotation.  We also tested different fertilizer placements, including broadcast (bc), surface banded (bd) sub-surface banded (ssb) N inputs. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured during these three growing seasons using static, vented chambers and a gas chromatograph analyzer.  This work shows that the use of no-till and enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers can potentially reduce N2O emissions from irrigated systems.</p> <div><br>Resources in this dataset:</div><br><ul><li><p>Resource Title: Fort Collins, CO High Efficiency Nitrogen Study (COFOARD3) CSV data.</p> <p>File Name: COFOARD3_csv_data.zip</p><p>Resource Description: CSV format data on Experimental Units, Field Sites, Greenhouse Gas Flux, Residue Management, Soil Chemistry, Soil Physics, Amendments, Planting, Tillage, Persons, Treatments, Weather Daily, Weather Station.</p></li></ul>

Tags: ars, data-gov, environment, farming, iso-metadata, np211, np212
Organization: Department of Agriculture
REAP Study for Resilient Economic Agricultural Practices in St. Paul, Minnesota

<p>REAP Study for Resilient Economic Agricultural Practices in St. Paul, Minnesota
Corn stover is an important livestock feed and will probably be a major source of renewable bioenergy, especially in the U.S. Corn Belt. Overly aggressive removal of stover, however, could lead to greater soil erosion and hurt producer yields in the long-run. Good residue management practices could help prevent erosion of valuable topsoil by wind and water while still providing a revenue source for producers, either as livestock feed or for use in renewable bioenergy. Plant residues also contribute to soil structure, nutrient cycling, and help sustain the soil microbiota. Good residue management could also help control the loss of greenhouse gases from agricultural soils that could add to already increasing levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases contributing to global climate change. Cumulative GHG emissions varied widely across locations, by management, and from year-to-year. Despite this high variability, maximum stover removal averaged across all sites, years, and management resulted in lower total emissions of CO2 (-12 ± 11%) and N2O (-13 ± 28%) compared to no stover removal. Decreases in total CO2 and N2O emissions in stover removal treatments were attributed to decreased availability of stover-derived C and N inputs into soils, as well as possible microclimatic differences. Soils at all sites were CH4 neutral or small CH4 sinks. Exceptions to these trends occurred for all GHGs, highlighting the importance of site-specific management and environmental conditions on GHG fluxes in agricultural soils..</p> <div><br>Resources in this dataset:</div><br><ul><li><p>Resource Title: GeoData catalog record.</p> <p>File Name: Web Page, url: <a href="https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/fbda3036-2634-4566-abec-0a488eea1f1a" target="_blank">https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/fbda3036-2634-4566-abec-0a488eea1f1a</a> </p></li></ul>

Tags: ars, bioenergy, climate-change, corn, data-gov, environment, erosion, farming, feedstock, greenhouse-gases, management-practices, np211, np212, residue-management, soil
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Long-Term Agricultural Research (LTAR) network - Meteorological Station - Upper Mississippi River Basin - St. Paul

<p>The United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Soil and Water Management Research Unit established a meteorological data collection system at the Rosemount Research and Outreach Center in 2003.  In 2015 the site became part of the Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network.  The site is located in Dakota County Minnesota in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB) watershed.  Data are recorded at 15-minute intervals.</p> <div><br>Resources in this dataset:</div><br><ul><li><p>Resource Title: GeoData catalog record.</p> <p>File Name: Web Page, url: <a href="https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/2ada200e-9095-4264-8b24-196004bae0a8" target="_blank">https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/2ada200e-9095-4264-8b24-196004bae0a8</a> </p><p>
</p></li></ul>

Tags: air-pressure, air-temperature, ars, climate, data-gov, longwave-radiation, meteorological-data, np211, shortwave-radiation, weather, wind-speed
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Nitrogen Source Study for Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network in Fort Collins, Colorado

<p>Nitrogen Source Study for Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network in Fort Collins, Colorado
Nitrogen fertilization is essential for optimizing crop yields; however, it increases N2O emissions. The study objective was to compare N2O emissions resulting from application of commercially available enhanced-effi ciency N fertilizers with emissions from conventional dry granular urea in irrigated cropping systems. These emissions were monitored from several irrigated cropping systems receiving N fertilizer rates ranging from 0-246 kg/ha from years 2007-2008 with intermediate rates of 157 kg/ha applied to the barley crop in corn-barley rotation and 56 kg/ha applied to the dry bens in the corn-dry bean rotation. Cropping systems included conventional-till continuous corn (CT-CC), no-till continuous corn (NT-CC), no-till corn–dry bean (NT-CDb), and no-till corn–barley (NT-CB). Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured during ten growing seasons using static, vented chambers and a gas chromatograph analyzer.  This work shows that the use of no-till and enhanced-effi ciency N fertilizers can potentially reduce N2O emissions from irrigated systems.</p> <div><br>Resources in this dataset:</div><br><ul><li><p>Resource Title: Fort Collins, CO Nitrogen Source Study (COFOARD2) CSV data.</p> <p>File Name: COFOARD2_csv_data.zip</p><p>Resource Description: CSV format data on Experimental Units, Field Sites, Greenhouse Gas Flux, Residue Management, Soil Biology, Soil Chemistry, Soil Physics, Amendments, Planting, Tillage, Persons, Treatments, Weather Daily, Weather Station. </p></li></ul>

Tags: ars, data-gov, environment, farming, iso-metadata, np211, np212
Organization: Department of Agriculture