AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Burned Area Reflectance Classification Thematic Burn Severity Mosaic for CONUS in 2020

These data products are preliminary burn severity assessments derived from data obtained from suitable imagery (including Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+, Landsat OLI, Sentinel 2A, and Sentinel 2B). The pre-fire and post-fire subsets included were used to create a differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) image. The dNBR image attempts to portray the variation of burn severity within a fire. The severity ratings are influenced by the effects to the canopy.  The severity rating is based upon a composite of the severity to the understory (grass, shrub layers), midstory trees and overstory trees. Because there is often a strong correlation between canopy consumption and soil effects, this algorithm works in many cases for Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) teams whose objective is a soil burn severity assessment. It is not, however, appropriate in all ecosystems or fires. It is expected that BAER teams will adjust the thresholds to match field observations to produce a soil burn severity. This map layer is a thematic raster image of burn severity classes for all inventoried fires occurring in CONUS during calendar year 2020. Fires omitted from this mapped inventory are those where suitable satellite imagery was not available, or fires which were not discernable from available imagery.

Tags: baer, burn-severity, burned-area, burned-area-emergency-response, differenced-normalized-burn-ratio, fire-location, imagerybasemapsearthcover, landsat, location, normalized-burn-ratio, sentinel, united-states, us, usgs-62e7ccc7d34e749ac04cb8e6, wildfire, wildland-fire
Organization: Department of the Interior
GPS locations of feral horses in Utah, USA, from 2016-2020

Data represent locations of mares and stallions in Utah. Data were collected using GPS radio collars on mares or tail transmitters braided into the tails of stallions, at a 2-hour fix rate for a period spanning 2016 to 2020. Horses were located at Conger Herd Management Area (HMA) or Frisco HMA in the Great Basin ecosystem of Utah, USA.

Tags: biological-population-management, conger-herd-management-area, ecosystem-management, frisco-herd-management-area, health, north-america, terrestrial-ecosystems, usgs-62e7fea5d34e749ac04cb999, utah
Organization: Department of the Interior
qPCR amplification data for tissue and water samples collected from Glacier National Park in 2020 amplified with a Lednia tumana specific assay

Tabular amplification data for individual technical replicates of tissue and water samples collected from Glacier National Park in 2020 and amplified with a Lednia tumana species-specific qPCR assay. Reported results include fractional detection rates, mean quantification cycles, and estimated gene copies per reaction.

Tags: biota, endangered-species, environmental-dna, polymerase-chain-reaction, snow-and-ice-cover, usgs-62e814ecd34e749ac04cb9fd
Organization: Department of the Interior
Data from: Decision science as a framework for combining geomorphological and ecological modeling for the management of coastal systems

Coastal management decisions are complex and include challenging tradeoffs. Decision science offers a useful framework to address such complex problems. We illustrate the process with several coastal restoration studies. Our capstone example is based on a recent barrier island restoration assessment project at Dauphin Island, Alabama, which included the development of geomorphological and ecological models that forecast environmental changes over a 10 year time period from 2015 to 2025. The proposed framework aims to serve as a tool to assist coastal managers with the process of restoration. Specifically, we discuss the importance of considering concepts and techniques from ecology, coastal geology, geomorphology, climate science, oceanography and decision analysis when developing conservation plans for coastal restoration.

Tags: adaptive-management, barrier-island, biota, geomorphology, interdisciplinary-science, restoration, structured-decision-making, usgs-62e825c4d34e749ac04cba45
Organization: Department of the Interior
Backscatter C [8101]--Offshore of San Francisco, California

This part of DS 781 presents data for the acoustic-backscatter map of the Offshore of San Francisco map area, California. Backscatter data are provided as separate grids depending on mapping system used and processing techniques. The raster data file is included in "BackscatterC_8101_2008_OffshoreSanFrancisco.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSanFrancisco/data_catalog_OffshoreSanFrancisco.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Cochrane, G.R., Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Endris, C.A., Manson, M.W., Sliter, R.W., Kvitek, R.G., Watt, J.T., Ross, S.L., and Bruns, T.R. (G.R. Cochrane and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2015, California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of San Francisco, California (ver. 1.1, June 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1068, pamphlet 39 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151068.
The acoustic-backscatter map of the Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California was generated from backscatter data collected by Fugro Pelagos and by California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB). Mapping was completed between 2004 and 2008, using a combination of 400-kHz Reson 7125 and 244-kHz Reson 8101 multibeam echosounders. Within the final imagery, brighter tones indicate higher backscatter intensity, and darker tones indicate lower backscatter intensity. The intensity represents a complex interaction between the acoustic pulse and the seafloor, as well as characteristics within the shallow subsurface, providing a general indication of seafloor texture and composition. Backscatter intensity depends on the acoustic source level; the frequency used to image the seafloor; the grazing angle; the composition and character of the seafloor, including grain size, water content, bulk density, and seafloor roughness; and some biological cover. Harder and rougher bottom types such as rocky outcrops or coarse sediment typically return stronger intensities (high backscatter, lighter tones), whereas softer bottom types such as fine sediment return weaker intensities (low backscatter, darker tones).

Tags: acoustic-reflectivity, cmhrp, coastal-and-marine-hazards-and-resources-program, continental-island-shelf, distributions, geoscientificinformation, geospatial-datasets, image-mosaics, imagerybasemapsearthcover, maps-and-atlases, marine-geophysics, marine-nearshore-subtidal, marine-offshore-subtidal, northern-california-ecoregion, oceans, pacific-coastal-and-marine-science-center, pcmsc, physical-habitats-and-geomorphology, rock-substrate, san-francisco, sea-floor-acoustic-reflectivity, sea-floor-characteristics, seabed, sidescan-sonar, sonar-methods, state-of-california, transform-continental-margin, u-s-geological-survey, unconsolidated-mineral-substrate, usgs, usgs-62e920e5-6c7e-47f0-b490-1a974fdf0c4f
Organization: Department of the Interior
Water quality and atmospheric carbon dioxide data for field application of carbon dioxide during summer 2018 as a behavioral control method for invasive red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in southeastern Michigan water retention ponds.

This study evaluated carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into water as a possible behavioral stimulant to enhance capture and removal of invasive red swamp crayfish (RSC, Procambarus clarkii Girard, 1852) from a retention pond in southeastern Michigan. Objectives of this study were to (1) determine if target CO2 concentrations were attainable within the infested pond, and (2) determine if CO2 treatment was effective to push RSC towards shorelines or onto dry land where they could be collected and removed. Carbon dioxide was applied directly into one treatment pond (~2,500 m3) in Novi, MI.  Two nearby ponds in Livonia, MI were used as untreated control ponds. Crayfish removal efficiency was evaluated in all ponds using baited traps and shoreline surveys. Results showed that the CO2 treatment pond reached its target concentration of &gt;200 milligrams per liter (mg/L) CO2, a benchmark determined from previous laboratory studies, approximately 11 hours after injection started and was maintained between 200-351 mg/L CO2 for approximately 2.5 days. During treatment, some emergent crayfish were observed near influent culverts around the pond, possibly indicative of a behavioral response. However, the number of individuals and crayfish observations were minimal and infrequent. Crayfish continued to be removed throughout CO2 treatment with baited traps and perimeter surveys, but differences in catch rates between the treatment and control ponds were not apparent and confounded by a temporal decline in catch rates across all ponds. Overall, this study demonstrated that open-water treatment applications with CO2 are possible, but its effectiveness to enhance RSC removal was unclear due to limited crayfish observations.

Tags: biota, carbon-dioxide, control, crayfish, invasive, invasive-species, red-swamp-crayfish, usgs-62e9391cd34e749ac04cc057
Organization: Department of the Interior
US Fish and Wildlife Service Fire Atlas- Burned Areas Boundaries for 1983-2014

The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) requests burn severity assessments through an agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to be completed by analysts with the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) Program. These data products are burned area boundary shapefiles derived from post-fire sensor data (including Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+, Landsat OLI). The pre-fire and post-fire subsets included were used to create Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and then a differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) image. The objective of this assessment was to generate burned area boundaries for each fire. Data bundles also include post-fire subset, pre-fire subset, NBR, and dNBR images. This map layer contains burned areas boundaries of the location of all currently inventoried fires occurring between calendar year 1983 and 2014. Fires omitted from this mapped inventory are those where suitable satellite imagery was not available, or fires which were not discernable from available imagery.

Tags: burn-severity, burned-area, continental-u-s, conus, differenced-normalized-burn-ratio, fire-location, fire-occurrence, fws, imagerybasemapsearthcover, landsat, location, normalized-burn-ratio, prescribed-fire, sentinel, united-states, us, usgs-62e94da7d34e749ac04cc0a1, wildfire, wildland-fire
Organization: Department of the Interior
Data Release for Luminescence: Plio-Pleistocene Hydrology and Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 Deep Springs Lake, Western Great Basin, Inyo County, California

Deep Springs Valley (DSV) is a hydrologically isolated valley between the White (north and west) and Inyo (south and east) Mountains that is commonly excluded from regional paleohydrologic and paleoclimate studies. Previous studies showed that uplift of Deep Springs ridge (informal name) by the Deep Springs fault defeated streams crossing DSV and hydrologically isolating the valley sometime after eruption of the Bishop Tuff. Here we present tephrochronology, clast counts, paleontology, and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) data that reaffirms interruption of the Plio-Pleistocene hydrology and formation of DSV during the Pleistocene. Fossil gastropod, ostracodes, and charophytes along with IRSL dating document the 83.3-61.5 ka freshwater Deep Springs Lake, which roughly coincides with 71-57 ka Marine Isotope State 4 (MIS 4) glacial climate period. Documentation of the MIS-4 glacial climate in southwestern North America is sparse and pluvial Deep Springs Lake is indirect evidence of the MIS 4 glaciation that is corroborated by pluvial lakes in nearby Owens and Searles Valleys. We hypothesize that the MIS-4 Deep Springs Lake overflowed into Eureka Valley via the Soldier Pass wind gap. Hydrologic evolution of DSV has potential implications for understanding Pliocene and Pleistocene biotic dispersal pathways and endemism.

Tags: age-estimation-methods, biota, bishop-tuff, deep-springs-valley, geochronology, inyo-county-california, inyo-mountains, luminescence-dating, optically-stimulated-luminescence, radiation-dosimetry, usgs-62e95c42d34e749ac04cc0cf, wester-great-basin, white-mountains
Organization: Department of the Interior
Composite Burn Index (CBI) Data for the Conterminous US, Fire Occurrence Dataset Point Locations, Collected Between 1994 and 2018

These data provide on-the-ground estimates of burn severity as estimated by the Composite Burn Index (CBI) for fires that burned between 1994 and 2018.  Landsat imagery was subsequently used to develop regression relationships between the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and differenced NBR (dNBR).

Tags: biota, burn-severity, fire-damage, fires, location, remote-sensing, usgs-62e96731d34e749ac04cc101
Organization: Department of the Interior
Soil-climate estimates in the western United States: climate averages (1981-2010)

We provide a collection of data reflecting estimates of soil-climate properties (moisture, temperature, and regimes) based on climate normals (1981-2010). Specifically, we provide estimates for soil moisture (monthly, seasonal, and annual), trends of spring and growing season soil moisture (Theil-Sen estimates), soil temperature and moisture regimes (STMRs; discrete classes defined by United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] Natural Resources Conservation Service [NRCS]), seasonal Thornthwaite moisture index (TMI; precipitation minus PET), and seasonality of TMI and soil moisture (30-meter rasters). Moisture values were estimated using our spatial implementation of the Newhall simulation model that relies on the Thornthwaite-Matter-Sellers potential evapotranspiration (PET) index. Among many enhancements, our application is the first known soil-climate model to include the effects of snow (for example, sublimation, snowmelt, attenuated evaporation, and insulation from air temperatures). Notably, we developed procedures that facilitate data substitution using spatial_nsm, supporting many use cases and flexibility, such as assessing projected climate scenarios. Our results provide evidence of the utility of spatially explicit soil-climate products, which could support subsequent use for modeling and managing ecosystem, habitat, and species distributions. For example, we demonstrated soil-climate properties had significant correlations with vegetation patterns: soil moisture variables predicted sagebrush (R^2 = 0.51), annual herbaceous plant cover (R^2 = 0.687), exposed soil (R^2 = 0.656), and fire occurrence (R^2 = 0.343). These statistical results suggested the data captured distributions of soil moisture and STMRs that can explain landscape and vegetation patterns. 
Refer to the Cross Reference section for all citations referenced in metadata supporting methods. This section also references our software used for developing these data products (nsm_spatial).
Refer to the Larger Citation describing this project in full.
Normal (1981 – 2010): Describes climate conditions averaged (temperature) or summed (precipitation) across 30-year climate period.

Tags: annual-soil-moisture, california, colorado, environment, idaho, kansas, montana, monthly-soil-moisture, nebraska, nevada, newhall-simulation-model, north-dakota, oregon, sagebrush-biome, seasonal-soil-moisture, soil-climate, soil-moisture, soil-moisture-variability, soil-temperature, soil-temperature-and-moisture-regimes, south-dakota, theil-sen-estimator-of-seasonal-soil-moisture, theil-sen-estimator-of-spring-soil-moisture, thornthwaite-moisture-index, usgs-62e97eacd34e749ac04cc15e, utah, washington, western-united-states, wyoming
Organization: Department of the Interior
Estimated Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sediment Load Reductions from Best Management Practices in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed between 1985 and 2020

To estimate changes in nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads from technologies and management practices (TMPs), the Chesapeake Bay Program Partnership's CAST model was used to run scenarios with and without TMPs for years between 1985 and 2020 for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Scenarios were run using the native model segmentation of land-river segments and downscaled to the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) plus version 2 catchments. The land-river segment loads were disaggregated to the National Hydrography Dataset Plus, Version 2.0 using methods described in "CAST Data Input Disaggregation from County and Land-River Segment Scale to National Hydrography Dataset Plus". The estimated total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS) for each scenario are in the data and are organized by the NHDPlus v2 catchments. There are 50,336,640 rows of data. The data include the amount of each contaminant that is delivered to the edge of a small stream. These data allow researchers to assess the overall impact of TMPs over time for various land uses. The data file is named ProgNA_RA_C1920220313. The file is uploaded as a zipped file and as a .txt file. The files are identical and the data user can choose the format that is best for them. The file name refers to the progress (prog) scenarios for each year with TMPs and the no action (NA) or no TMP scenarios with regulation air (RA) in CAST version 19 (C19) and the data were created on 3/13/2022.

Tags: best-management-practices-bmps, chesapeake-bay, delaware, district-of-columbia, environment, inlandwaters, maryland, new-york, pennsylvania, technologies-and-management-practices-tmps, usgs-62e98198d34e749ac04cc168, virginia, water-quality, west-virginia
Organization: Department of the Interior
Aeromagnetic Data and horizontal gradient maxima of Garlock, California, and Surrounding Areas in California

This data release provides access to an aeromagnetic survey and magnetization boundaries over Garlock, California and surrounding areas in southern California.  The survey extends from the city of Bakersfield across the southern Sierra Nevada and Tehachapi Mountains and west over Indian Wells Valley and the towns of Mojave and Rosamond to just northwest of the town of Barstow. These data were acquired between November 20, 2021 and January 17, 2022, by Eon Geosciences Inc., working under contract to the U.S. Geological Survey.  The nominal flying height was based on a best fit, pre-planned, three-dimensional draped surface targeted at 305 m above terrain and a slope of 7%, subject to aircraft climb and descent limitations. Steep terrain in parts of the survey area required significant departures locally from the pre-planned drape surface (as much as 1752 m), and therefore variable terrain clearance should be considered when modeling and interpreting these data.  Flight lines were spaced 600 m apart and directed east-west; tie lines were spaced 6000 m apart and directed north-south.  A total of 26,712 line-kilometers were acquired over an area of approximately 14,800 square kilometers.  The details of the Garlock aeromagnetic survey are described in the document Garlock_Tech_Report_508.pdf available for download in this data release.  This report was prepared by Eon Geosciences Inc., and has not been edited. In addition, horizontal gradient maxima (garlock_mag_grad.csv) were calculated from the magnetic potential derived from 
these data to produce locations of crustal magnetization contrasts.

Tags: bakersfield, garlock, geoscientificinformation, indian-wells-valley, inyokern, mojave, mojave-desert, sierra-nevada, usgs-62e9a0b1d34e749ac04cc1e9
Organization: Department of the Interior
Model Archive Summary for Suspended-Sediment Concentration at Station 11185185 – Lower Sensor; Suisun Bay at Mallard Island, California, Water Year 2018 - 2020

This model archive summary details the suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) model developed to compute 15-minute SSC values from 15-minute turbidity data for the period October 01, 2017 through September 30, 2020. The methods used follow U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) guidance as referenced in Office of Water Quality Technical Memorandum 2016.10 (USGS 2016) and USGS Techniques and Methods, book 3, chapter C4 (Rasmussen and others 2009).
A WY is defined as the period from October 1 of one year through September 30 of the following year and is categorized by the year in which it ends.

Tags: biota, california, mallard-island, model, san-francisco-estuary, suspended-sediment-transport, turbidity, usgs-62e9b3d2d34e749ac04cc206
Organization: Department of the Interior
Model Archive Summary for Suspended-Sediment Concentration at Station 11185185 – Upper Sensor; Suisun Bay at Mallard Island, California – Water Years 2018-2020

This model archive summary details the suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) model developed to compute 15-minute SSC values from 15-minute turbidity data for the period October 01, 2017 through September 30, 2020. The methods used follow U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) guidance as referenced in Office of Water Quality Technical Memorandum 2016.10 (USGS 2016) and USGS Techniques and Methods, book 3, chapter C4 (Rasmussen and others 2009). 
A WY is defined as the period from October 1 of one year through September 30 of the following year and is categorized by the year in which it ends.

Tags: biota, california, mallard-island, model, san-francisco-estuary, suspended-sediment-transport, turbidity, usgs-62e9b436d34e749ac04cc20b
Organization: Department of the Interior