AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
MODFLOW-NWT model used to evaluate effects of complexity on head and flow calibration in the Fox-Wolf-Peshtigo watersheds, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey data release.

This data release contains three groundwater-flow models of northeastern Wisconsin, 
USA, that were developed with differing levels of complexity to provide a framework for 
subsequent evaluations of the effects of process-based model complexity on estimates 
of groundwater age distributions for withdrawal wells and streams. Preliminary 
assessments, which focused on the effects of model complexity on simulated 
water levels in the glacial aquifer system, illustrate that simulation of vertical 
gradients using multiple model layers improves simulated heads more in relatively 
low-permeability units than in high-permeability units. Moreover, simulation of 
heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity fields in both coarse-grained and some 
fine-grained glacial materials produced an even larger improvement in simulated 
water levels in the glacial aquifer system compared with simulation of uniform 
hydraulic conductivity within zones.  Future application of the models using 
simulated particle tracking is anticipated to evaluate whether these model 
design considerations are similarly important for understanding groundwater 
age distributions.  This work was performed as part of the National Water 
Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project's groundwater Mapping and Modeling 
work plan to evaluate effects of differing levels of model complexity on simulated 
results. The models were calibrated to approximately the 1970-2012 period, and 
used to simulate steady-state conditions. This USGS data release contains all 
of the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated 
model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175010). This data 
release also includes a postprocessing python script and associated input data 
files for creating shapefiles used to produce maps of head and flux residuals and 
comparisons of these residuals (figures 12, 13, and 19 in the report).

Tags: environment, fox-wolf-peshtigo-watersheds, geoscientificinformation, glacial-aquifer, groundwater, groundwater-model, inlandwaters, modflow-nwt, usgs-062ad924-f0f3-4cc9-b844-8d1f5808f494, usgsgroundwatermodel, wisconsin
Organization: Department of the Interior
Text files of the navigation logged with HYPACK Software during surveys 07002, and 08002 conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey offshore of Massachusetts within northern Cape Cod Bay (CCB_Hypack_Nav)

These data were collected under a cooperative agreement with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC). Initiated in 2003, the primary objective of this program is to develop regional geologic framework information for the management of coastal and marine resources. Accurate data and maps of sea-floor geology are important first steps toward protecting fish habitat, delineating marine resources, and assessing environmental changes due to natural or human impacts. The project is focused on the inshore waters of coastal Massachusetts, primarily in water depths of 3-30 meters deep. Data collected for the mapping cooperative have been released in a series of USGS Open-File Reports (https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_mass/). The data collected in the study area located in Northern Cape Cod Bay Massachusetts includes high-resolution geophysics (bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and seismic reflection), and ground validation (sediment samples, video tracklines, and bottom photographs). The data were collected during five separate surveys conducted between 2006 and 2008 and cover 480 square kilometers of the inner continental shelf.
More information about the individual USGS surveys conducted as part of the northern Cape Cod Bay project can be found on the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Field Activity webpage:
06012: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fa=2006-012-FA
07001: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fa=2007-001-FA
07002: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fa=2007-002-FA
07003: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fa=2007-003-FA
08002: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fa=2008-002-FA

Tags: ashtech-br2g, ashtech-z-surveyor-extreme, atlantic-ocean, cape-cod-bay, cmgp, coastal-and-marine-geology-program, dgps, differential-gps, duxbury, elevation, environment, fathometer, field-activity-number-07000-002-fa, field-activity-number-08000-002-fa, gulf-of-maine, hypack, location, marine-geophysics, massachusetts, navigation, navigational-data, north-america, oceans, provincetown, r-v-megan-t-miller, r-v-rafael, real-time-kinematic, rtk-gps, u-s-geological-survey, united-states, usgs, usgs-062a8f0b-a539-4f42-8381-d8c1682393a8, whcmsc, whcmsc-field-activity-serial-number-07002, whcmsc-field-activity-serial-number-08002, woods-hole-coastal-and-marine-science-center
Organization: Department of the Interior
BackscatterB [7125]--Offshore Pacifica, California

This part of DS 781 presents data for the acoustic-backscatter map of Offshore of Pacifica map area, California. Backscatter data are provided as two separate grids depending on mapping system. The raster data files are included in "Backscatter7125_OffshorePacifica.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshorePacifica/data_catalog_OffshorePacifica.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Edwards, B.D., Phillips, E.L., Dartnell, P., Greene, H.G., Bretz, C.K., Kvitek, R.G., Hartwell, S.R., Johnson, S.Y., Cochrane, G.R., Dieter, B.E., Sliter, R.W., Ross, S.L., Golden, N.E., Watt, J.T., Chin, J.L., Erdey, M.D., Krigsman, L.M., Manson, M.W., and Endris, C.A. (S.A. Cochran and B.D. Edwards, eds.), 2014, California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Pacifica, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1260, pamphlet 38 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141260.
The acoustic-backscatter map of the Offshore of Pacifica, California was generated from backscatter data collected by Fugro Pelagos and by California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB). Mapping was completed between 2005 and 2007, using a combination of 400-kHz Reson 7125 and 244-kHz Reson 8101 multibeam echosounders. Within the final imagery, brighter tones indicate higher backscatter intensity, and darker tones indicate lower backscatter intensity. The intensity represents a complex interaction between the acoustic pulse and the seafloor, as well as characteristics within the shallow subsurface, providing a general indication of seafloor texture and composition. Backscatter intensity depends on the acoustic source level; the frequency used to image the seafloor; the grazing angle; the composition and character of the seafloor, including grain size, water content, bulk density, and seafloor roughness; and some biological cover. Harder and rougher bottom types such as rocky outcrops or coarse sediment typically return stronger intensities (high backscatter, lighter tones), whereas softer bottom types such as fine sediment return weaker intensities (low backscatter, darker tones).

Tags: acoustic-reflectivity, cmhrp, coastal-and-marine-hazards-and-resources-program, continental-island-shelf, distributions, geoscientificinformation, geospatial-datasets, image-mosaics, imagerybasemapsearthcover, maps-and-atlases, marine-geophysics, marine-nearshore-subtidal, marine-offshore-subtidal, northern-california-ecoregion, oceans, pacific-coastal-and-marine-science-center, pacific-ocean, pacifica, pcmsc, physical-habitats-and-geomorphology, rock-substrate, rockaway-beach, san-mateo-county, sea-floor-acoustic-reflectivity, sea-floor-characteristics, seabed, sidescan-sonar, sonar-methods, state-of-california, transform-continental-margin, u-s-geological-survey, unconsolidated-mineral-substrate, usgs, usgs-0ce7f53d-8404-4c12-a9d9-0d01132fc152
Organization: Department of the Interior
Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River Basin, Nebraska, October 1998

This arc and point data set contains streamflow-measurement sites and
reaches indicating streamflow gain or loss under base-flow conditions
along the Republican River and tributaries in Nebraska during October
25 to 28, 1998 (Boohar and others, 2000).  The streamflow measurements were
made to obtain data on ground-water/surface-water interaction.
Flow was observed visually to be zero, was measured, or was estimated
at 374 sites.  The measurements were made on the main stem of the
Republican River and all flowing tributaries that enter the Republican
River between Swanson and Harlan County Reservoirs in the Nebraska part
of the Republican River Basin. Tributaries were followed upstream until
the first road crossing where zero flow was encountered. Measurements also
included estimates of average wastewater discharge during the period when
the flow measurements were made, based upon data obtained from towns
having measureable wastewater discharge.  For selected streams, points of
zero flow upstream of the first zero flow site also were checked.
		
Streamflow gain or loss for each stream reach was calculated by
subtracting the streamflow values measured at the upstream end of
the reach and values for contributing tributaries from the
downstream value.  The data obtained reflected base-flow conditions
suitable for estimating streamflow gains and losses for
stream reaches between sites.  However, due to fluctuations in streamflow
on the main stem of the Republican River above Swanson Reservoir during the
measurement period, flow measurements on the main stem could not be used
for calculating reach gains and losses. Flows measured on tributaries to
the Republican River above Swanson Reservoir were of suitable quality
to use for streamflow gain/loss calculations. Flows on Sappa Creek did
not reflect base-flow conditions and thus were not suitable for
investigating ground-water/surface-water interaction.
		
This digital data set was created by manually splitting the lines
from a 1:250,000 hydrography data set (Soenksen and others, 1999) at
every streamflow-measurement site.  Each set of stream segments between
measurement sites was assigned a unique reach number.

Tags: base-flow, environment, gain-loss, geoscientificinformation, inlandwaters, low-flow-investigations, nebraska, republican-river, republican-river-basin, seepage-run, streamflow, usgs-06153087-42b1-4cc3-867a-83e937ae2ff5
Organization: Department of the Interior
Original Product Resolution (OPR) Source Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) - USGS National Map 3DEP Downloadable Data Collection

This data collection is the Original Product Resolution (OPR) Digital Elevation
Model (DEM) as provided to the USGS. This source DEM is delivered in the original resolution, units and horizontal and vertical spatial references. These
data may be used as the source of updates to the 3D Elevation Program (3DEP), which
serves as the elevation layer of The National Map.

Tags: 3d-elevation-program, 3dep, bare-earth, cartography, dem, digital-elevation-model, digital-mapping, digital-terrain-model, elevation, geodata, gis, high-resolution, hydro-flattened, lidar, light-detection-and-ranging, mapping, national-elevation-dataset, ned, raster, terrain-elevation, topographic-surface, topography, u-s-geological-survey, united-states, us, usgs, usgs-1004ada7-1e9f-4fcf-adfb-677868b7317c
Organization: Department of the Interior
MODFLOW 6 model of two hypothetical stream-aquifer systems to demonstrate the utility of the new Water Mover Package (MVR) available only with MODFLOW 6

Two MODFLOW 6 (version 6.2.1) models of hypothetical stream-aquifer systems are presented for the 
demonstration and utility of the Water Mover (MVR) Package available only with MODFLOW 6. Using 
a generalized approach, MVR facilitates the transfer of water among many arbitrary combinations of 
simulated features (i.e., pumping wells, stream, drains, lakes, etc.) within a MODFLOW 6 simulation.  
In this archive, the nature of the two hypothetical models are (1) simple ("model1" in the model.zip file) 
and complex ("model2" in the model.zip file). "Model1" relies on a previously published parent-child 
nested grid simulation (see "example 3" on page 30 at https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/6a44/) that has been 
refactored for MODFLOW 6. In the accompanying journal article, this model is described in the 
supplemental material. The child model resolves the parent model grid cells with 27 (3x3x3) additional 
cells. Model1 uses only two MVR connections to pass water (1) from a streamflow routing (SFR) reach 
in a parent model to an SFR reach in a child model and (2) from an SFR reach in the child model back 
to an SFR reach in the parent model.  The complex model has 64 rows, 133 columns, and 4 layers and 
is patterned after an irrigated river valley in the semi-arid western U.S. "Model2" first appeared in the 
journal article, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136481521630113X. In the journal 
article accompanying this data release "model2" is discussed in the section titled "A Mock Irrigated 
River Valley".  The model demonstrates the general flexibility of the MVR package so readers can get 
a sense how MODFLOW 6 may be tailored to complex water-management problems in conjunctive-use 
systems.  To this end, thousands of MVR connections are present with every stress period.  The complex 
model simulates a hypothetical water-year and therefore relies on 366 transient (daily) stress periods 
after the initial steady-state stress period.  The transient period of the model extends from an arbitrary 
October 1st to the following September 30th.  The complex model includes a river, 4 main diversion 
ditches, and numerous tributaries, many of which are open drains representative of irrigation return 
flows.  All these features are represented with the streamflow routing (SFR) package. The simulation 
also includes a reservoir represented with the Lake (LAK) package. Rainfall and evapotranspiration 
are simulated with the unsaturated-zone flow (UZF) package.  Water transfers between packages 
are handled by the MVR package.  This USGS data release contains all the input and output files 
for the simulations described in the associated journal article. (https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13117)

Tags: environment, geoscientificinformation, groundwater, groundwater-model, inlandwaters, modflow-6, usgs-05ea112a-cacd-492a-8fc6-84a3217c3e3f, usgsgroundwatermodel, water-management
Organization: Department of the Interior
l380np.m77t - MGD77 data file for Geophysical data field activity L-3-80-NP in North Pacific from 05/22/1980 to 06/04/1980

Single-beam bathymetry and magnetics data along with DGPS navigation data was collected as part of field activity L-3-80-NP in North Pacific from 05/22/1980 to 06/04/1980, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/l/l380np/html/l-3-80-np.meta.html
These data are reformatted from space-delimited ASCII text files located in the Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) InfoBank field activity catalog at http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/l/l380np/html/l-3-80-np.bath.html and  http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/l/l380np/html/l-3-80-np.grav.html into MGD77T format provided by the NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center(NGDC). The MGD77T format includes a header (documentation) file (.h77t) and a data file (.m77t). More information regarding this format can be found in the publication listed in the Cross_reference section of this metadata file.

Tags: bathymetry, bathymetry-and-elevation, bathymetry-measurement, distributions, geoscientificinformation, magnetic-field-observations, magnetometer-measurement, marine-geology, marine-geophysics, marine-gravity-field, north-pacific, north-pacific-ocean, northern-pacific-ocean, oceans, seafloor-topography, single-beam-echo-sounder, usgs-05e78926-10c2-46b8-b836-ca657fd4a344, water-depth
Organization: Department of the Interior
Survey Lines along which seismic data were collected aboard R/V RAFAEL (field activities 05001 and 06001) in Apalachicola Bay, FL (SEISMICLINES)

These data were collected under a cooperative mapping program between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Services Center (NOAA\CSC), and the Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR). The primary objectives of this program were to collect marine geophysical data to develop a suite of seafloor maps to better define the extent of oyster habitats, the overall seafloor geology of the bay and provide updated information for management of this resource. In addition to their value for management of the bay's oyster resources, the maps also provide a geologic framework for scientific research and the public.
High-resolution bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and seismic profile data were collected over 230 square kilometers of the floor of the bay. The study focused on the Apalachicola Bay and Western St. George Sound portions of the estuary in mostly in depths &gt; 2.0 meters.

Tags: 2005, 2006, apalachicola-bay, apalachicola-national-estuarine-research-reserve, cmgp, coastal-and-marine-geology-program, field-activity-serial-number-05001, field-activity-serial-number-06001, florida, geospatial-datasets, gulf-of-mexico, location, marine-geology, marine-geophysics, navigation-tracklines, navigational-data, oceans, sea-floor, seafloor, seismic-navigation, seismic-profile, st-george-sound, subsurface, transportation, u-s-geological-survey, united-states, usgs, usgs-05dbcbfd-ca6a-4917-8cd8-da9fe8dff703, whsc, woods-hole-science-center
Organization: Department of the Interior
Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 4.3 transects and short-term (1970-2009) end point shoreline change statistics for the Buzzards Bay coastal region from Nobska Point in Woods Hole, to Westport at the Rhode Island border (BuzzardsBay_transects_rates_STlr.shp)

Due to continued coastal population growth and increased threats of erosion, current data on trends and rates of shoreline movement are required to inform shoreline and floodplain management. The Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management launched the Shoreline Change Project in 1989 to identify erosion-prone areas of the coast. In 2001, a 1994 shoreline was added to calculate both long- and short-term shoreline change rates at 40-meter intervals along ocean-facing sections of the Massachusetts coast.
The Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, has compiled reliable historical shoreline data along open-facing sections of the Massachusetts coast under the Massachusetts Shoreline Change Mapping and Analysis Project 2013 Update. Two oceanfront shorelines for Massachusetts (approximately 1,800 km) were (1) delineated using 2008/09 color aerial orthoimagery, and (2) extracted from topographic LIDAR datasets (2007) obtained from NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center. The new shorelines were integrated with existing Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management and USGS historical shoreline data in order to compute long- and short-term rates using the latest version of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS).

Tags: accretion, atlantic-coast, baseline, buzzards-bay, cmgp, coastal-and-marine-geology-program, coastal-processes, digital-shoreline-analysis-system, dsas, end-point-rate, epr, erosion, esri-polyline-shapefile, geoscientificinformation, geospatial-datasets, historic-shoreline, massachusetts, massachusetts-office-of-coastal-zone-management, net-shoreline-movement, new-england, nsm, oceans, sce, shoreline, shoreline-change-envelope, shoreline-change-rate, short-term, transect, u-s-geological-survey, united-states, usgs, usgs-0c1eccc6-43ef-4ac7-8b04-5366ccd1cde4, whcmsc, woods-hole-coastal-and-marine-science-center
Organization: Department of the Interior
Geodatabase of the datasets used to represent the four aquifer subunits of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin

This geodatabase includes spatial datasets that represent the Cambrian-Ordovician 
aquifer system in the States of Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, and Illinois. 
Included are: 
			(1) a polygon dataset that represents the aquifer system extent, 
			(2) raster datasets for the altitude of each aquifer subunit, 
			(3) altitude, or if applicable, thickness contours used to generate the surface 
rasters, 
			(4) georeferenced images of the figures that were digitized to create the 
altitude or thickness contours, 
			(5) the line datasets representing the altitude contours that were digitized 
from the images, and 
			(6) an ArcGIS Toolbox used to develop the surface raster datasets.
					
The images and digitized contours are supplied for reference. The extent of 
the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system is from the linework of the Cambrian-Ordovician 
aquifer system extent maps in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1405-B 
(PP1405B), and a digital version of the aquifer extent presented in the Groundwater 
Atlas of the United States (the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 730-J, 
(USGS HA 730-J) and 730-K (USGS HA 730-K)), available at 
http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/NatlAqCode-reflist.html . 
					
The Cambrian-Ordovician Aquifer System has four aquifer subunits, in order 
from the most surficial to the deepest: 
			(A1) St. Peter Sandstone Aquifer, 
			(A2) Prairie du Chien Aquifer, 
			(A3) Ironton and Galesville Sandstone Aquifer, and 
			(A4) Mt. Simon or Lamotte Sandstone Aquifer. 
					
The altitude contour line datasets for each subunit available were digitized from 
georeferenced figures of altitude contours in PP1405B, and the altitude values 
were interpolated into surface rasters within a GIS using tools that create 
hydrologically correct surfaces from contour data, derives the altitude from 
the thickness (depth from the land surface), and merges the subareas into 
a single surface. The primary tool was "Topo to Raster" used in ArcGIS, 
ArcMap, Esri 2014. (ArcGIS Desktop: Release 10.2 Redlands, CA: 
Environmental Systems Research Institute). The surface rasters were 
corrected for the areas where the altitude of the top of the aquifer 
exceeded the land surface, and where the bottom of an aquifer 
exceeded the altitude of the corrected top of the aquifer.

Tags: aquifer, aquifer-system, cambrian, cambrian-ordovician, extent, groundwater, illinois, inlandwaters, iowa, ironton-and-galesville-sandstone, michigan, midwest, minnesota, mt-simon-or-lamotte-aquifer, ordovician, prairie-du-chien-aquifer, st-peter-sandstone, united-states, usgs-0cfa9924-79fc-43b8-bf68-7b3ae8e6151e, wisconsin
Organization: Department of the Interior