AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of leu

Background
          Many investigations have reported that advantageous mutations occurred more frequently under selective conditions than those under non-selective conditions. This phenomenon is referred to as adaptive mutation. Their characteristics are that adaptive mutations are directed and growth-independent. The idea of directed adaptive mutation had been objected by some reports, however, the idea of growth-independent adaptive mutation has been held till today.
        
        
          Results
          In this paper, we have observed that under leucine starvation conditions, leu+ revertants accumulated as a function of time; leu- to leu+ reverse mutation rates and frequencies were higher than those under non starvation conditions; and no divided cells could be monitored by the penicillin method. These results were similar to the time-dependent manner of adaptive mutation from previous reports. However, leucine concentration determinate experiments revealed that certain traces of leucine, which leaked from the E. coli cells, was almost always present in the culture. More numbers of leu+ revertants appeared when the similar cultures were dropped in small areas on the selective plates than when spread on the whole selective plates. These results have shown that mutations under leucine starving conditions are growth-dependent. Fluctuation analysis of leu+ revertants indicated that leu-leu+ mutation occurred spontaneously and randomly. In addition, the spectra of leuB gene in the revertants proved that mutations under selective conditions were not specific or directed.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The above investigations led to the conclusion (1) that the occurrence of leu+ mutations under starvation conditions was growth-dependent. The occurence mutations was also similar to that under non-starvation conditions (2). Under starvation conditions the mutation rates were higher, and was not constant during the long process.

Tags: adaptive-mutation, leu-revertants, leucine-starvation, nih, reverse-mutation
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
A new way to rapidly create functional, fluorescent fusion proteins: random insertion of GFP with an

Background
          The jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) can be inserted into the middle of another protein to produce a functional, fluorescent fusion protein. Finding permissive sites for insertion, however, can be difficult. Here we describe a transposon-based approach for rapidly creating libraries of GFP fusion proteins.
        
        
          Results
          We tested our approach on the glutamate receptor subunit, GluR1, and the G protein subunit, αs. All of the in-frame GFP insertions produced a fluorescent protein, consistent with the idea that GFP will fold and form a fluorophore when inserted into virtually any domain of another protein. Some of the proteins retained their signaling function, and the random nature of the transposition process revealed permissive sites for insertion that would not have been predicted on the basis of structural or functional models of how that protein works.
        
        
          Conclusion
          This technique should greatly speed the discovery of functional fusion proteins, genetically encodable sensors, and optimized fluorescence resonance energy transfer pairs.

Tags: g-protein-subunit, gfp-fusion-proteins, glutamate-receptor, nih, protein-insertion
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Midwest: 2011-2012 NSDUH

This report presents the Midwest\'s (e.g., combines Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin) estimates for 25 measures of substance use and mental health based on the combined 2011 and 2012 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE). Resuts are provided for the Midwest for five age groups: 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 or older, 18 or older and all persons 12 or older.

Tags: mental-health, midwest-region, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Gastric stimulation: influence of electrical parameters on gastric emptying in control and diabetic rats

Background
          The aim of this study was to test the effect of different pulse frequencies and amplitudes during gastric stimulation (GS) on gastric emptying in the rat.
        
        
          Methods
          GS was performed in 2 groups of laparotomized rats: healthy control animals, and rats with acute diabetes. The effects of four pulse frequencies (0.5, 1, 10, 20 Hz) and three pulse amplitudes (5, 20, 40 mA) were tested. The volumes emptied from the stomach after the oro-gastric instillation of a nutrient solution were compared to those obtained in animals without GS. Intragastric pH values were assessed under basal conditions and after GS.
        
        
          Results
          In both groups, GS increased emptied volumes compared to conditions without stimulation (p < 0.05) for pulse frequencies above 0.5 Hz. Increases in pulse frequencies accelerated gastric emptying (p < 0.01) with a plateau at around 10 Hz. The increase in pulse amplitudes resulted in larger emptied volumes only when the pulse frequency was 1 Hz (p < 0.04) while the opposite effect was observed at 20 Hz (p < 0.04). The most effective combinations to enhance gastric emptying compared to baseline conditions were 10 Hz with 5 or 20 mA. The overall effect of GS on gastric emptying compared to baseline conditions without stimulation, was greater in diabetic than in controls rats (p < 0.05). During stimulation, intragastric pH values were not different from basal conditions during fasting or after a meal in control and diabetic rats.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Although both pulse frequency and amplitude should be considered during GS, frequency appears to be the most critical point. The possibility of increasing gastric emptying by electrical stimulation in diabetic rats suggests potential clinical applications for this method.

Tags: diabetic-gastroparesis, electrical-stimulation, gastric-emptying, gastric-stimulation, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525603: N,N-Dimethyl-N'-(4-methylphenyl)-p-chlorobenzamidine

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 4-chloro-N,N-dimethyl-N'-(4-methylphenyl)benzenecarboximidamide. Molecular Formula: C16H17ClN2. Molecular Weight: 272.77. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2010 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Puerto Rico

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for 2010. The Uniform Reporting System (URS) is a state and national reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant, mental-health-services, outcome-measures, puerto-rico, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
A role for Seven in Absentia Homolog (Siah1a) in metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling

Background
          The mammalian homologue of Seven in Absentia (Siah) can act in the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. Recent work has shown that Siah can bind group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), but the functional consequences of this interaction are unknown.
        
        
          Results
          The effects of coexpression of Siah on group I mGluR signaling were examined using heterologous expression in rat sympathetic, superior cervical ganglion neurons. Siah1a attenuated heterologously expressed group I mGluR-mediated calcium current inhibition, but was without effect on group II mGluR- or NE-mediated calcium current modulation via heterologously expressed mGluR2 or native a2 adrenergic receptors, respectively, indicating that the effect of Siah was specific for group I mGluRs. Surface expression and subcellular distribution of group I mGluRs were not detectably altered in the presence of Siah1a as assessed by immunoflourescence experiments with epitope tagged receptors and imaging of a GFP/mGluR fusion construct. In addition, an N-terminal Siah deletion construct, which cannot function in the proteolysis pathway, displayed effects similar to the wild type Siah1a. Finally, coexpression of calmodulin, which competes with Siah1a for binding to the C-terminal tail of group I mGluRs, reversed the effect of Siah1a on mGluR-mediated signaling.
        
        
          Conclusions
          These data supported the conclusion that the attenuation of mGluR signaling induced by Siah1a expression was likely a direct consequence of Siah/mGluR association rather than a result of targeting of the receptors to the proteosome. In addition, the data suggest that the binding of CaM and Siah may play an important role in the regulation of group I mGluR function.

Tags: calcium-current-inhibition, group-i-mglurs, metabotropic-glutamate-receptors, nih, siah1a-protein
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Evaluation and classification of RING-finger domains encoded by the

Background
          In computational analysis, the RING-finger domain is one of the most frequently detected domains in the Arabidopsis proteome. In fact, it is more abundant in Arabidopsis than in other eukaryotic genomes. However, computational analysis might classify ambiguous domains of the closely related PHD and LIM motifs as RING domains by mistake. Thus, we set out to define an ordered set of Arabidopsis RING domains by evaluating predicted domains on the basis of recent structural data.
        
        
          Results
          Inspection of the proteome with a current InterPro release predicts 446 RING domains. We evaluated each detected domain and as a result eliminated 59 false positives. The remaining 387 domains were grouped by cluster analysis and according to their metal-ligand arrangement. We further defined novel patterns for additional computational analyses of the proteome. They were based on recent structural data that enable discrimination between the related RING, PHD and LIM domains. These patterns allow us to predict with different degrees of certainty whether a particular domain is indeed likely to form a RING finger.
        
        
          Conclusions
          In summary, 387 domains have a significant potential to form a RING-type cross-brace structure. Many of these RING domains overlap with predicted PHD domains; however, the RING domain signature mostly prevails. Thus, the abundance of PHD domains in Arabidopsis has been significantly overestimated. Cluster analysis of the RING domains defines groups of proteins, which frequently show significant similarity outside the RING domain. These groups document a common evolutionary origin of their members and potentially represent genes of overlapping functionality.

Tags: arabidopsis-proteome, metal-ligand-arrangement, nih, protein-classification, ring-finger-domains
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Denver: Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits, 2004-2011 - Accidental Ingestions

Excel file with estimates, rates, relative standard errors, trends and confidence intervals, covering 2004-2011 for emergency department visits involving accidental ingestions in the Denver metropolitan area. This analytic category includes ED visits in which an individual accidentally or unknowingly used or was administered a prescription drug, over-the-counter medication, or dietary supplement. Drug-related accidental ingestion typically involves patients aged 5 and under.  This analytic category does not include drug misuse or abuse.File includes data for over 500 drugs, including illicit drugs, prescription and over-the-counter medications, dietary supplements, inhalants and alcohol.  Includes total visits, gender, age group, race/ethnicity, outcome of visit, drug combinations, number of drugs involved in visit, drug frequency, and drugs confirmed by toxicology.Additional detail is provided for illicit drugs, psychotherapeutic drugs, central nervous system (CNS) drugs, respiratory drugs and cardiovascular drugs.

Tags: accidental-ingestion, drug-overdose, emergency-department, pediatric-poisoning, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Genetics of osteoarticular disorders, Florence, Italy, 22–23 February 2002

Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA), the two most common age-related chronic disorders of articular joints and skeleton, represent a major public health problem in most developed countries. They are influenced by environmental factors and exhibit a strong genetic component. Large population studies clearly show their inverse relationship; therefore, an accurate analysis of the genetic bases of one of these two diseases may provide data of interest for the other disorder. The discovery of risk and protective genes for OP and OA promises to revolutionize strategies for diagnosing and treating these disorders. The primary goal of this symposium was to bring together scientists and clinicians working on OP and OA in order to identify the most promising and collaborative approaches for the coming decade. This meeting put into focus the importance of an adequate genetic approach to several areas of research: the search for the genetic determinants underlying new susceptibilities, the optimization of previously acquired data; the establishment of correlations between genetic polymorphism and functional variants, and gene–gene and gene–environment interactions (particularly those between genes and nutrients). An adequate genetic approach is also essential with regard to determining more selective criteria for phenotypic definition of familial OP, in order to obtain more homogeneous and statistically powerful family-based studies. The symposium concluded with an interesting overview of the future perspectives offered by DNA microarray technologies for identifying novel candidate genes, for developing proteomics and bioinformatics analyses and for designing low-cost clinical trials.

Tags: genetic-susceptibility, nih, osteoarthritis-genetics, osteoarticular-disorders, osteoporosis-genetics
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
San Francisco - SF Div

Data tables consisting of Excel files with estimates, rates, relative standard errors, trends and confidence intervals, covering 2004-2011 for drug-related emergency department visits for the San Francisco Division of the San Francisco Metropolitan Statistical Area. Tables are provided for 10 topics (\"analytic categories\") which are defined in the \"Guide to Drug Abuse Warning Trend Tables,\"  a separate document.   Each table includes data for over 500 drugs, including illicit drugs, prescription and over-the-counter medications, dietary supplements, inhalants and alcohol. Includes total visits, gender, age group, race/ethnicity, outcome of visit, drug combinations, number of drugs involved in visit, drug frequency, and drugs confirmed by toxicology. Additional detail is provided for illicit drugs, psychotherapeutic drugs, central nervous system (CNS) drugs, respiratory drugs and cardiovascular drugs.

Tags: drug-abuse-trends, drug-related-ed-visits, emergency-department-data, samhsa, san-francisco
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
An algorithm for mapping positively selected members of quasispecies-type viruses

Background
          Many RNA viruses do not have a single, representative genome but instead form a set of related variants that has been called a quasispecies. The sequence variability of such viruses presents a significant bioinformatics challenge. In order for the sequence information to be understood, the complete mutational spectrum needs to be distilled to a biologically relevant and analyzable representation.
        
        
          Results
          Here, we develop a "selection mapping" algorithm--QUASI--that identifies the positively selected variants of viral proteins. The key to the selection mapping algorithm is the identification of particular replacement mutations that are overabundant relative to silent mutations at each codon (e.g., threonine at hemagglutinin position 262). Selection mapping identifies such replacement mutations as positively selected. Conversely, selection mapping recognizes negatively selected variants as mutational "noise" (e.g., serine at hemagglutinin position 262).
        
        
          Conclusion
          Selection mapping is a fundamental improvement over earlier methods (e.g., dN/dS) that identify positive selection at codons but do not identify which amino acids at these codons confer selective advantage. Using QUASI's selection maps, we characterize the selected mutational landscapes of influenza A H3 hemagglutinin, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and HIV-1 gp120.

Tags: nih, positive-selection, quasispecies-viruses, sequence-analysis, viral-mutation
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Mental Health Annual Report 2015

This report presents results from the Mental Health Client-Level Data (MH-CLD) and Mental Health Treatment Episode Data Set (MH-TEDS) for individuals receiving mental health treatment services in 2015, as well as selected data collection trends for such individuals from 2012 to 2015. The report provides information on mental health diagnoses, mental health treatment services, and demographic and substance use characteristics of individuals in mental health treatment in facilities that reported to individual state administrative data systems.

Tags: client-level-data, mental-health, mental-health-services, samhsa, treatment-episodes
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The effects of dopamine and epinephrine on hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in hypoxic anesthetized piglets

Background:
          The most appropriate inotropic agent for use in the newborn is uncertain. Dopamine and epinephrine are commonly used, but have unknown effects during hypoxia and pulmonary hypertension; the effects on the splanchnic circulation, in particular, are unclear.
        
        
          Methods:
          The effects on the systemic, pulmonary, hepatic, and mesenteric circulations of infusions of dopamine and epinephrine (adrenaline) were compared in 17 newborn piglets. Three groups [control (n = 5), dopamine (n = 6) and epinephrine (n = 6)] of fentanyl anesthetized newborn piglets were instrumented to measure cardiac index (CI), hepatic arterial and portal venous blood flow, mean systemic arterial pressure (SAP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), and arterial, portal and mixed venous oxygen saturations. Systemic, pulmonary, and mesenteric vascular resistance indices [systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), mesenteric vascular resistance index (MVRI)], and systemic and splanchnic oxygen extraction and consumption were calculated. Alveolar hypoxia was induced, with arterial oxygen saturation being maintained at 55-65%. After 1 h of stabilization during hypoxia, each animal received either dopamine or epinephrine; randomly administered doses of 2, 10, and 32 μg kg-1 min-1 and 0.2, 1.0, and 3.2 μg kg-1 min-1 respectively were infused for 1 h at each dose. Results were compared with the 1 h hypoxia values by two-way analysis of variance.
        
        
          Results:
          Epinephrine increased CI at all doses, with no significant effects on SAP and SVRI. Although epinephrine increased PAP at 3.2 μg kg-1min-1, it had no effect on PVRI. Dopamine had no effect on CI, SAP, and SVRI, but increased PAP at all doses and PVRI at 32 μg kg-1min-1. The SAP/PAP ratio was decreased with 32 μg kg-1min-1 dopamine, whereas epinephrine did not affect the ratio. In the mesenteric circulation, dopamine at 32 μg kg-1 min-1 increased portal venous flow and total hepatic blood flow and oxygen delivery, and decreased MVRI; epinephrine had no effect on these variables. Epinephrine increased hepatic arterial flow at 0.2 μg kg-1 min-1; dopamine had no effect on hepatic arterial flow at any dose. Despite these hemodynamic changes, there were no differences in systemic or splanchnic oxygen extraction or consumption at any dose of dopamine or epinephrine.
        
        
          Conclusions:
          Epinephrine is more effective than dopamine at increasing cardiac output during hypoxia in this model. Although epinephrine preserves the SAP/PAP ratio, dopamine shows preferential pulmonary vasoconstriction, which might be detrimental if it also occurs during the management of infants with persistent fetal circulation. Dopamine, but not epinephrine, increases portal flow and total hepatic flow during hypoxia.

Tags: dopamine-epinephrine, hemodynamics-oxygen-metabolism, hypoxia-newborns, nih, piglet-model
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Cross Site Evaluation – Quality Improvement Center for Differential Response (QIC-DR)

Differential response (DR) is a variation of delivering child protective services (CPS), which includes at least two distinct pathways for responding to screened-in reports of child maltreatment: the investigative response (IR) and the alternative response (AR). DR is also sometimes used to refer to CPS systems that are comprised of only one pathway for responding to screened-in reports, namely IR, but includes a diversion component, which triages screened-out reports to community agencies. This dataset does not address this latter type of DR system.
Generally, AR, under the dual response pathway version of DR, is intended for low- and moderate-risk maltreatment allegations, while IR is reserved for allegations of child maltreatment that are considered to be of high risk or needing potential involvement of law enforcement. Given the interest and growth of DR throughout child welfare systems in the United States, the Children’s Bureau, Administration for Children and Families, US Department of Health and Human Services funded the National Quality Improvement Center on Differential Response in Child Protective Services (QIC-DR). The American Humane Association received this award, which was later transferred to The Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect. The QIC-DR operated between 2008 and 2014.
Three research and demonstration sites were selected to implement and evaluate DR. The sites selected were:

Investigators: Merkel-Holguin, L., Yuan, Y. T., Jowers, K., Hollinshead, D., Fluke, J., & Hahn, A.

Tags: abuse, care, ndacan, policy, reporting
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Facilities 2007

The National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Programs 2007 lists federal, state, local, and private facilities that provide substance abuse treatment services. The directory includes treatment facilities that are licensed, certified, or otherwise approved for inclusion in the directory by their state substance abuse agencies and that responded to the 2006 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS). The information about each facility that appears in this directory was provided by that facility in response to the 2006 N-SSATS. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) conducts the N-SSATS annually.

Tags: alcohol-abuse, drug-abuse, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, treatment-facilities
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services