AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
SAFARI 2000 1-Degree Estimates of Burned Biomass, Area, and Emissions, 2000

A new method is used to generate spatial estimates of monthly averaged biomass burned area and spatial and temporal estimates of trace gas and aerosol emissions from open fires in southern Africa.Global burned area data for the year 2000 (GBA2000) supplemented with the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) fire count data are employed to quantify the area burned at 1-km resolution by using a fractional vegetation cover map derived from satellite observations. To account for the spatial heterogeneity in main types of vegetation within each 1-km grid cell, fuel load maps were developed from biomass density data sets for herbaceous and tree covered land together with fractional tree and vegetation cover maps. To represent the fire characteristics, land cover is classified into forests, woodlands, and grasslands, based on satellite-derived data sets for fractional tree cover. Combustion factors for each land cover type takes into account fuel composition, tree cover density, and the dryness of herbaceous vegetation. In addition, the emission factors (EF) are calculated; EF for grassland fires represent spatial and seasonal variations in fuel conditions using a modified combustion efficiency calculation. This data set contains spatial and temporal estimates of trace gas and aerosol emissions from open fires in southern Africa for the following variables:acetic acid (CH3COOH); methanol (CH3OH); methane (CH4); carbon dioxide (CO2); carbon monoxide (CO); formaldehyde (HCHO); non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC); and particulate matter less than 2.5 um in diameter (PM2.5). Annual amounts of total area burned and CO2 emissions for southern Africa are compared to those from other authors.

Tags: earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-particulate-matter, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-methane, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-non-methane-hyd, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-trace-gases-trace-species, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-fire-ecology-fire-dynamics, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-fire-ecology-fire-occurrence, earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-grasslands, earth-science-environmental-impacts-human-dimensions-biomass-burning, earth-science-soils-land-surface-carbon, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-litter-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-6A MF Jason-CS L2 Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR-C) NTC Geophysical Parameters F08

Provides L2 non-time critical (NTC; 60-day latency) validated geophysical information from the Advanced Microwave Radiometer on the Sentinel-6A Michael Freilich spacecraft including surface type, wind speed, water vapor, brightness temperature, sigma0, wet troposphere, and associated quality flags. The data are interpolated to intervals that correspond to altimetry measurements from the Poseidon-4 SAR to supply the geophysical and environmental corrections for altimetry. The S6A NTC product is analogous to the Jason-3 GDR product.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-waves-oceans-significant-wave-height, earth-science-sea-surface-topography-oceans-sea-surface-height
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 ASTER and MODIS Fire Data Comparison, Dry Season 2001

These data relate to a paper (Morisette et al., 2005) that describes the use of high spatial resolution ASTER data to determine the accuracy of the moderate resolution MODIS active fire product. Our main objective was to develop a methodology to use ASTER data for quantitative evaluation of the MODIS active fire product and to apply it to fires in Southern Africa during the 2001 burning season. We utilize 18 ASTER scenes distributed throughout Southern Africa covering the time period 5 August 2001 to 6 October 2001. The MODIS fire product is characterized through the use of logistic regression models to establish a relationship between the binary MODIS fire/no fire product and summary statistics derived from ASTER data over the coincident MODIS pixel. Probabilities of detection are determined as a function of the total number of ASTER fires and Moran's I, a measure of the spatial heterogeneity of fires within the MODIS pixel. The statistical analysis is done for versions 3 and 4 of the MODIS fire detection algorithm. It is shown that the algorithm changes have a positive effect on the fire product accuracy. References:Morisette, J. T., L. Giglio, I. Csiszar, C. O. Justice. 2005. Validation of the MODIS active fire product over Southern Africa with ASTER data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26: 4239-4264.

Tags: earth-science-surface-thermal-properties-land-surface-land-surface-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Canopy Structural Measurements, Kalahari Transect, Wet Season 2001

This data set contains leaf area index (LAI), leaf inclination angle, and canopy dimension data from study sites along the Kalahari Transect in southwest Botswana. The data were collected during the 2001 wet season field campaign of the SAFARI 2000 at a total of seven plots of 200 x 150 meter dimensions; two plots each at Tshane and Mabuasehube, and three plots at Tsabong. The data set consists of measurements of leaf angle for plot dominant woody species, LAI calculated from overstory and understory photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measurements, and canopy dimension data (i. e., crown height, crown width, and height to crown) for grass and woody vegetation, for use in the parameterization of plant canopy reflectance models.Measurements of LAI were made with a plant canopy analyzer which records direct and diffuse PAR at the top of the canopy using a beam fraction sensor. PAR beneath the canopy was measured simultaneously with a one-meter long probe held horizontally beneath the canopy. Leaf inclination angle measurements were made using a clinometer. Measurements of tree height, crown height, height-to-crown, and crown width were made for 10 to 20 individual trees of the dominant species at each field plot using a tape measure or simple trigonometry, and calculations based on these data.The data files are stored as ASCII table files, in comma-separated-value (.csv) format, with column headers. Photographs (.jpg) are provided of each plot to provide an idea of site conditions. The photographs can be viewed on the S2K Photo Gallery pages.

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-savannas, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-canopy-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-photosynthetically-active-radiation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-6A Level 1B GNSS Radio Occultation Daily RINEX V1 (S6A_RO_1B_POD_RNX_) at GES DISC

This dataset provides the L1B Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultation (RO) Precise Orbit Determination (POD) data generated by NASA JPL from Sentinel-6A Michael Freilich. The product provides raw satellite navigation system data and in the receiver independent exchange format version 3 (RINEX-3). Sentinel 6 is a collaborative mission between NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and EUMETSAT, with participation from European Space Agency (ESA), the USA's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES) of France. These organizations will deliver an operational mission as part of a two-satellite European Copernicus/Sentinel program. The Sentinel-6A Michael Freilich Jason-CS (Sentinel-6A) was launched in November 21, 2020. One objective of Sentinel 6 is to collect high-resolution vertical profiles of temperature and humidity, using GNSS RO sounding technique, to assess temperature and humidity changes in the troposphere and stratosphere and to support numerical weather prediction.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-ocean-indicators-climate-indicators-temperature-indicators-temperatur, earth-science-atmospheric-ocean-indicators-climate-indicators-temperature-indices, earth-science-atmospheric-ocean-indicators-climate-indicators-temperature-indices-common-sense, earth-science-microwave-spectral-engineering, earth-science-radio-wave-spectral-engineering, earth-science-sensor-characteristics-spectral-engineering-geolocation, earth-science-sensor-characteristics-spectral-engineering-phase-and-amplitude, earth-science-solar-energetic-particle-flux-sun-earth-interactions-electron-flux
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 BVOC Measurements at Skukuza and Maun Flux Towers, Wet Season 2001

Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions were measured in a Colophospermum mopane woodland near Maun, Botswana, and in a Combretum-Acacia savanna in Kruger National Park, 13 km from Skukuza, Republic of South Africa (RSA) during the 2001 wet season campaign of SAFARI 2000. In addition, relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) measurements of BVOC fluxes were made on flux towers at these sites, where net CO2 emissions were also measured simultaneously. The investigators also took advantage of a wide variety of easily accessible plant specimens growing in a nursery in the Kruger National Park to screen an additional 95 species of African plants for their ability to emit isoprene, providing species level isoprene emission information which can be used to further initial estimates of isoprene emissions from additional ecosystems of southern Africa. A leaf cuvette technique was used to determine the emission capacities of the nursery plants and the temperature and light dependence of the emissions. This research on BVOC emissions contributes to the development of a regional scale BVOC emissions model for southern Africa.Data files contain records of BVOC measurements from the Maun and Skukuza flux tower sites; species level isoprene emissions and physiological data; and site meteorological data. The data files are stored as ASCII text files, in comma-delimited format, with column headers.More information can be found in the companion file.

Tags: earth-science-air-quality-atmosphere-volatile-organic-compounds, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-wind-dynamics-vertical-wind-velocity-speed, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-photosynthesis, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-photosynthetically-active-radiation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Tropospheric Ozone Column V1 (S5P_L2__O3_TCL) at GES DISC

Starting from July 13th in 2020, five Sentinel-5P TROPOMI level-2 products including total and tropospheric column ozone, sulfur dioxide, CLOUD, and formaldehyde have been generated in processor version 2. For data after July 2nd of 2020, please check S5P_L2__O3_TCL_2 data collection. The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). Sentinel-5P is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels and is expected to provide measurements of ozone, NO2, SO2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, aerosols and cloud at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions. Copernicus Sentinel-5P tropospheric ozone data products are retrieved by the convective-cloud-differential (CCD) algorithm to derive the tropospheric ozone columns and by the cloud slicing algorithm (CSA) to derive mean upper tropospheric ozone volume mixing ratios above the clouds. The S5P_TROPOZ_CCD algorithm uses TROPOMI Level-2 ozone column measurements and the cloud parameters provided by the S5P_CLOUD_OCRA and S5P_CLOUD_ROCINN, the average values of the tropospheric ozone columns below 270 hpa can be determined. The S5P_TROPOZ_CSA algorithm uses the correlation between could top pressure and the ozone column above the cloud. The retrieval depends on the amount of measurements with a high cloud cover. The products are restricted in the tropical region (-20 degrees to 20 degrees of latitude). The main outputs of the Copernicus S5P/TROPOMI tropospheric ozone product include the tropospheric ozone column and corresponding errors, upper tropospheric ozone and corresponding errors, stratospheric ozone column and corresponding errors, and the retrieval quality flags. The data are stored in an enhanced netCDF-4 format.

Tags: earth-science-air-quality-atmosphere, earth-science-air-quality-atmosphere-tropospheric-ozone, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-oxygen-compounds-atmospheric-ozone, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-trace-gases-trace-species
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
S-NPP CrIS IMG: Collocated VIIRS level 1 / cloud mask statistical summary V2 (SNDRSNCrISL1BIMG) at GES DISC

The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) Level 1B Normal Spectral Resolution (NSR) data files contain radiance measurements along with ancillary spacecraft, instrument, and geolocation data of the CrIS instrument on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Project (SNPP). In December 2014, the CrIS instrument on the SNPP satellite doubled the spectral resolution of shortwave infrared data being transmitted to the ground. In November 2015, additional points were included at the ends of the longwave and shortwave interferograms to improve the quality of the calibration. Prior to November 2, 2015 the data are only available in Normal Spectral Resolution, after November 2, 2015 at 16:06 UTC, the data are available in both NSR and Full Spectral Resolution (FSR). The NSR files have 1,317 channels: 163 shortwave channels from 3.9 to 4.7 microns (2555 to 2150 cm-1), 437 midwave channels from 5.7 to 8.05 microns (1752.5 to 1242.5 cm-1), and 717 longwave channels from 9.1 to 15.41 microns (1096.25 to 648.75 cm-1). Each CrIS field-of-regard (FOR) contains 9 field-of-views (FOVs) arranged in a 3X3 array. The Level 1B files contain 30 FORs in the cross track direction and 45 in the along track direction. Data products are constructed on six minute boundaries. The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) has 22 imaging and radiometric bands covering wavelengths from 0.41 to 12.5 microns. It provides the sensor data records for clouds, sea surface temperature, ocean color, and others. This IMG product primarily contains statistics of the VIIRS cloud mask and VIIRS L1B data within each CrIS footprint..

Tags: earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-brightness-temperature, earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-infrared-radiance, earth-science-visible-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-reflectance, earth-science-visible-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-reflective-band-radiance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-6A MF Jason-CS L1B P4 Altimeter High Resolution (HR) STC Geolocated Waveforms

Provides L1B high resolution (HR) short time critical (STC; 36-hour latency) altimetry data from the Poseidon-4 SAR altimeter on the Sentinel-6A Michael Freilich spacecraft which include the geolocated, fully SAR processed and calibrated multi-looked HR Ku-band waveforms. The S6A STC product is analogous to the Jason-3 IGDR product.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-waves-oceans-significant-wave-height, earth-science-sea-surface-topography-oceans-sea-surface-height
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-6 NASA/JPL GNSS-RO Non-Time-Critical Level 2 V1 (S6A_RO_2__NTC_NC__) at GES DISC

This dataset provides the L2 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio-Occultation (RO) Non-Time-Critical (NTC) retrieval generated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from Sentinel-6A Michael Freilich. The main retrieval variables in this dataset are refractivity, temperature, and humidity. Each granule is for one RO and represented by the nominal geodetic reference location for the occultation, where the latitude and longitude are associated with the moment when the line-of-sight connecting the receiver and transmitter satellites just touches the reference ellipsoid. Sentinel 6 is a collaborative mission between NASA's JPL and European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), with participation from European Space Agency (ESA), the USA's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES) of France. These organizations will deliver an operational mission as part of a two-satellite European Copernicus/Sentinel program. The Sentinel-6A Michael Freilich Jason-CS (Sentinel-6A) was launched in November 21, 2020. One objective of Sentinel 6 is to collect high-resolution vertical profiles of temperature and humidity, using GNSS RO sounding technique, to assess temperature and humidity changes in the troposphere and stratosphere and to support numerical weather prediction.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-ocean-indicators-climate-indicators-temperature-indicators-temperatur, earth-science-atmospheric-ocean-indicators-climate-indicators-temperature-indices, earth-science-atmospheric-ocean-indicators-climate-indicators-temperature-indices-common-sense, earth-science-microwave-spectral-engineering, earth-science-radio-wave-spectral-engineering, earth-science-sensor-characteristics-spectral-engineering-geolocation, earth-science-sensor-characteristics-spectral-engineering-phase-and-amplitude, earth-science-solar-energetic-particle-flux-sun-earth-interactions-electron-flux
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Emissions Estimates, MODIS Burned Area Product, Dry Season 2000

The recently generated MODIS burned area product over southern Africa for the month of September 2000 was used to calculate regional biomass burning emissions from grassland and woodland fires for a number of trace gases and particulates at 1 km spatial resolution. A dynamic regional fuel load model developed for southern Africa in support of SAFARI 2000 fire emissions modeling is used to compute spatially explicit southern Africa fuel load data. Regional grassland and woodland emissions are estimated using ecosystem-specific emission factor algorithms for carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 um (PM2.5) for southern African savanna fires (Korontzi et al., 2004). In addition, the emissions database for this region is expanded by incorporating emission factors for a variety of compounds, including oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOC), halocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx), ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and particulate ionic components measured during the SAFARI 2000 dry season field campaign.The data set archived by ORNL DAAC provides a MODIS-based estimate of CO (carbon monoxide) pyrogenic emissions (in kg) for southern Africa in September 2000 at 1 km. The data image file is stored in GeoTIFF binary format. Pyrogenic emissions of the other trace gases and particulates estimated by this study will be archived by ORNL DAAC when the data sets are finalized.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-trace-gases-trace-species, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-biomass-dynamics, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-fire-ecology-fire-dynamics, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-fire-ecology-fire-occurrence, earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-grasslands, earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-savannas, earth-science-environmental-impacts-human-dimensions-biomass-burning, earth-science-natural-hazards-human-dimensions-wildfires, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-litter-characteristics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-6A MF Jason-CS L2 P4 Altimeter High Resolution (HR) NRT Ocean Surface Topography

Provides L2 high resolution (HR) near real time (NRT; 3-hour latency) altimetry from the Poseidon-4 SAR altimeter on the Sentinel-6A Michael Freilich spacecraft. It contains Sea Surface Height (SSH), Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) and Significant Wave Height (SWH), along with 1 Hz and 20 Hz Ku-band measurements processed from L1B altimetry including the range, orbital altitude, time, and water vapour. It also includes altimetry corrections, significant wave height and wind-speed from the AMR-C. This standard product release provides the geophysical parameters at both 1 and 20 Hz. The S6A NRT product is analogous to the Jason-3 OGDR product.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-waves-oceans-significant-wave-height, earth-science-sea-surface-topography-oceans-sea-surface-height
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-6A MF Jason-CS L2 P4 Altimeter High Resolution (HR) STC Ocean Surface Topography

Provides L2 high resolution (HR) short time critical (STC; 36-hour latency) altimetry from the Poseidon-4 SAR altimeter on the Sentinel-6A Michael Freilich spacecraft. It contains Sea Surface Height (SSH), Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) and Significant Wave Height (SWH), along with 1 Hz and 20 Hz Ku-band measurements processed from L1B altimetry including the range, orbital altitude, time, and water vapour. It also includes altimetry corrections, significant wave height and wind-speed from the AMR-C. This standard product release provides the geophysical parameters at both 1 and 20 Hz. The S6A STC product is analogous to the Jason-3 IGDR product.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-waves-oceans-significant-wave-height, earth-science-sea-surface-topography-oceans-sea-surface-height
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 ER-2 Color-IR Aerial Photography, Dry Season 2000

Aerial photography from the NASA ER-2 high altitude aircraft was collected to provide detailed and spatially extensive documentation over parts of the SAFARI study area. The ER-2 aerial photography consists of 3,046 color-infrared (IR) transparencies collected during the SAFARI 2000 Dry Season Aircraft Campaign in August and September of 2000. ORNL DAAC has archived scanned subsets of the ER-2 aerial photography.The original color-IR aerial photography the SAFARI 2000 Dry Season Aircraft Campaign is located at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) Aircraft Data and Sensor Facilities. Copies can be ordered from the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. In addition, 515 image frames have been scanned from copies of the original level-0 ER-2 aerial photography by the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), in Pretoria, South Africa. ORNL DAAC has archived subsets of the available imagery from ARC and Wits. Information about the imagery subsets that are available from ORNL DAAC, as well as information about the original color-IR aerial photography at ARC and scanned imagery at Wits can be found at: ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/safari2k/atmospheric/remote_sensing/er2_aerial_photos/comp/er2_aerial_photos_readme.pdf.

Tags: earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-infrared-imagery
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration