AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data from NASA CDDIS

In Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), a short pulse of coherent light generated by a laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is transmitted in a narrow beam to illuminate corner cube retroreflectors on the satellite. The return signal, typically a few photons, is collected by a telescope and the time-of-flight is measured. Using information about the satellite's orbit, the time-of-flight, and the speed of light, the location of the ranging station can be determined. Similar data acquired by another station, many kilometers distant from the first, or on a different continent, can be used to determine the distance between stations to precisions of centimeters or better. Repetitive measurements over months and years yield the change in distance, or the motion of the Earth's crust.

Tags: earth-science-not-provided-not-provided
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) Predictions from NASA CDDIS

Predicted satellite orbits for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) tracking of satellites equipped with corner cube retroreflectors. SLR stations download these prediction files and coordinate tracking schedules for satellite acquisition. The predicted orbit files typically contain orbit information for multiple days and are issued on a daily or sub-daily basis.

Tags: earth-science-geodetics-solid-earth
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) Observation Data Summary (full-rate, monthly files) from NASA CDDIS

Full-rate data include all valid satellite returns and are thus larger in volume; these data are not routinely provided by all stations in the laser tracking network. Full-rate data are useful for both engineering evaluation and scientific applications (e.g., studying the performance of retroreflectors, discerning satellite signatures, understanding the statistical nature of satellite returns, calibration of satellite targets, validating system quality of laser station co-locations, etc.). Although many of these studies are of an engineering nature, the results have an important impact on the quality of the scientific output. Full-rate data are transmitted in daily files containing all data received in the previous 24-hour period. The CDDIS then updates monthly, satellite-specific files from these daily files. The summary files summarize the data passes of the monthly full-rate data files. CRD format started testing in 2008 and became operational in January 2011. ILRS/CSTG formats were used for normal point data from 1976 through 2011.

Tags: earth-science-geodetics-solid-earth
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Seaglider CTD data for the SPURS-1 N. Atlantic field campaign

The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. The Seaglider is an autonomous profiler measuring salinity and temperature. Three Seagliders were deployed on the Knorr cruise in September 2012. These were retrieved during the first Endeavor cruise, and then redeployed. The Seagliders typically made loops or butterfly patterns around the central SPURS mooring, diving to 1000 m. Seaglider data files contain vertically resolved trajectory series of conductivity, salinity, temperature, pressure, depth observations.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-temperature-profiles, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-conductivity, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-salinity
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Seasat and GEOSAT Altimetry for the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets, Version 1

<p><font color="#FF0000">Note: This data set is now on HTTPS so references to CD-ROM are historic and no longer applicable.</font></p> The Ice Altimetry System (IAS) data seet contains surface elevations of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets derived from Seasat and GEOSAT radar altimetry data. The Seasat data were collected for a continuous 90 days in 1978, at latitudes between 72 degrees South and 72 degrees North. GEOSAT was launched in 1985 and placed in a nearly identical orbit to Seasat, also at latitudes of between 72 degrees South and 72 degrees North. The orbit was designed to provide high-density measurements over the Earth's surface, at a maximum grid spacing of 2.7 kilometers at the equator and much denser spacing over polar ice sheets. Data were acquired between April 1985 and September 1986. Initially acquired by the Johns Hopkins APL (Applied Physics Lab) satellite tracking facility, the raw altimetry satellite data from Seasat and GEOSAT were passed on to NASA, via the US Navy. NASA developed slope correction routines for the higher slopes over the ice sheets, relative to ocean surfaces. The data are height profile Level 3 data and gridded height Level 4 data provided by the Oceans and Ice branch of the Laboratory for Hydrospheric Physics of Goddard Space Flight Center. Elevations from the full data rate (i.e., one measurement every 662.5 m) are provided in georeferenced databases. These elevations are relative to the WGS-84 ellipsoid. Gridded elevations at 10-kilometer and 20-kilometer spacing are provided in the gridded data sets created from the GEOSAT and Seasat data, respectively. Software to extract and browse subsets of these data is included. The IAS software also allows the user to view contours created from the gridded data and groundtracks of the full-rate data.

Tags: earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-cryosphere-glacier-elevation-ice-sheet-elevation, earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-cryosphere-ice-sheets, earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-terrestrial-hydrosphere-glacier-elevation-ice-sheet-elevation, earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-terrestrial-hydrosphere-ice-sheets
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) Eccentricity Files from NASA CDDIS

In the ILRS network, there are mobile systems and permanent systems. Mobile ILRS systems usually occupy (i.e. are referenced to) a ground monument/mark and have an associated set of non-zero eccentricities. System eccentricities are defined as the offsets (usually less than 15 meters) from the ground monument/mark to the optical reference point of the system (i.e. intersection of axes) and are measured in North, East, and Up or in Cartesian coordinates, X, Y, and Z. Mobile systems are assigned a CDP number for the monument that it is occupying. In turn, the IERS assigns a DOMES number for the monument containing a 'M'. The 'M' indicates the presence of a physical Monument. A given monument may be occupied by more than one system or may be occupied by the same system multiple times, but never during the same time period. Therefore, for a given monument and time period, there will be a unique set of eccentricities. Permanent systems were designed to stay in one place and usually do not occupy a ground monument/mark. In this case, the CDP number is assigned to the optical axes of intersection. In turn, the IERS assigns a DOMES number containing a 'S'. The 'S' indicates the reference to the System's optical axes. In this case, the system eccentricities are by definition ZERO. In the rare occasion that a permanent system or its intersection of axes is relocated, then a new CDP and IERS DOMES number will be assigned for each relocation.

Tags: earth-science-geodetics-solid-earth-coordinate-reference-system-global-coordinate-reference-sys, earth-science-geodetics-solid-earth-geoid-characteristics, earth-science-geodetics-solid-earth-techniques-slr-satellite-laser-ranging
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Seasonal frost depths, midwestern USA, Version 1

This dataset includes frost tube data from 37 stations in the Upper Midwest (Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin), USA. The responsible agency was the St. Paul District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. These data were collected during 1971-1981 (no data for 1976/77) by cooperative observers who gathered the data for use in their spring run-off hydrologic predictions. The observers had frost tubes installed by District personnel in their back yards. The early penetration of frost at the beginning of the freezing season was not observed, but most observers picked up the record when 1 or 2' of frost had occurred. This data base, a preliminary version, was constructed by Richard K. Haugen and Glenn King from the manuscript records of the cooperative observers and is presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.

Tags: earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-seasonally-frozen-ground, earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-soil-temperature, earth-science-snow-ice-cryosphere-freeze-thaw, earth-science-soils-land-surface-thermal-conductivity
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SBU Ceilometers IMPACTS

The SBU Ceilometers IMPACTS dataset includes ceilometer cloud height measurements collected by the Vaisala CL51, Vaisala CT25K, and Lufft Ceilometer CHM 15k ceilometers operated by the State University of New York (SUNY) Stony Brook University. These data were collected during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign, a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S. Atlantic coast. IMPACTS aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. The ceilometer dataset files are available from January 1, 2020, through March 2, 2023, in netCDF-3 and netCDF-4 formats.

Tags: earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-properties-cloud-base-height
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Seasoar CTD data for the SPURS-1 N. Atlantic field campaign

The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. The Seasoar is a towed vehicle equipped with impeller-forced wings that can be rotated on command to allow the vehicle to undulate in the upper ocean. Generally, Seasoar operates between the surface and about 400 meters depth while being towed on faired cable at about eight knots. A typical dive cycle takes about 12 minutes to complete, providing an up and down profile every 3 km. For SPURS-1, a Seasoar was deployed exclusively during the Sarmiento cruise over the period 22 Mar-8 Apr, 2013 and to a maximum depth of 312m. The Seasoar towed sensor system was equipped with dual pumped temperature/conductivity sensors. The Seasoar data in netCDF form here contains a highly processed 1-meter gridded version of the original source dataset, which is comprised of temperature, conductivity, salinity, pressure observations from 1144 casts during 2013 Spring SPURS Cruise.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-temperature-profiles, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-conductivity, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-salinity
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SBU Micro Rain Radar 2 (MRR2) IMPACTS

The SBU Micro Rain Radar 2 (MRR-2) IMPACTS dataset consists of reflectivity, Doppler velocity, signal-to-noise ratio, spectral width, droplet size, Liquid Water Content, melting layer, drop size distribution, rain attenuation, rain rate, and radial velocity data collected during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S. Atlantic Coast (2020-2023). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. Both the MRR-2 and the MRR-PRO instruments were used to collect data for this dataset. The dataset files are available from January 1, 2020 through March 2, 2023 in netCDF-3 and netCDF-4/CF formats.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-reflectance, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-total-precipitable-wate, earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-microphysics-cloud-droplet-concentration-size, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-droplet-size, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-liquid-precipitation-liquid-surface-precipitation-rate, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-liquid-water-equivalent, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-profiles-melting-layer-height, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-rate, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-doppler-velocity, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-radial-velocity, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-spectrum-width
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SBU Ka-band Scanning Polarimetric Radar (KASPR) IMPACTS V1

The SBU Ka-band Scanning Polarimetric Radar (KASPR) IMPACTS dataset consists of polarimetric radar data collected by the Stony Brook University (SBU) Ka-band Scanning Polarimetric Radar (KASPR) during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S Atlantic Coast (2020-2023). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. KASPR provided detailed observations of cloud and precipitation microphysics, specifically ice and snow processes. These data include reflectivity, mean velocity, spectrum width, linear depolarization ratio, differential reflectivity, differential phase, specific differential phase, co-polarized correlation coefficient, and signal-to-noise ratio. The dataset files are available from January 6, 2020 through February 26, 2020 in netCDF-4 format.

Tags: earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-doppler-velocity, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-radar-reflectivity, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-spectrum-width
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SBU Doppler LiDAR IMPACTS V1

The SBU Doppler LiDAR IMPACTS dataset consists of Doppler velocity and backscatter intensity from the Stony Brook University (SBU) Doppler LiDAR. These data were collected during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S Atlantic Coast (2020-2023). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. The dataset files are available in netCDF-4 format from January 1 through February 26, 2020.

Tags: earth-science-lidar-spectral-engineering-lidar-backscatter, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-doppler-velocity
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Seasonal frost and soil temperature data, Western Cape Mountains, South Africa, Version 1

Micro-climatic monitoring of air and ground was started in 1990 to evaluate climatic controls on the present-day diurnal soil frost environment in the Western Cape mountains of South Africa. To this effect two data logger stations were established in the summit region of the Waaihoek mountains. Two sites were established at Waaihoek Peak and Mount Superior, respectively. Waaihoek Peak - The Waaihoek Peak monitoring site is positioned on the southeast extension of a small summit plateau at 1900m elevation where it changes into a southeast trending ridge flanked by two small valleys. The station stands on a 4 to 5 degree slope with an aspect of 140 degrees and is underlain by steeply dipping quartzitic sandstone of the Peninsula Formation. A shallow sandy soil here reaches a thickness of 0.35m and supports a sparse vegetation cover of Restio (Cape reeds) species up to 0.2m high with a total cover of around 30%. Initially both daily and hourly records were kept which necessitated frequent visits to replace the data storage tapes. As from 29-11-1992 only daily records were kept, including maximum and minimum temperature and 24 hour precipitation totals. Average daily soil moisture levels were recorded only as the range between daily maximum and minium values proved to be minimal. Mount Superior - Field observations established the presence of active soil frost features near Mount Superior during December 1991. A second data logger site was consequently established by 1-5-1993 to provide microclimatic data from a site with a different substrate and currently active soil-frost processes. The Mount Superior station is positioned 5km SSE of the Waaihoek Peak site on a flat summit plateau of Cedarberg shale at 1860m elevation. The surface cover is comprised of fractured bedrock and bare shallow soil with tussocks of Restio spp. up to 0.5m high. Daily maximum and minimum temperature were recorded for each sensor as well as daily average relative soil moisture levels and daily precipitation totals. These data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.

Tags: earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-seasonally-frozen-ground-seasonally-frozen-ground, earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-soil-temperature-soil-temperature, earth-science-frozen-ground-land-surface-seasonally-frozen-ground-seasonally-frozen-ground, earth-science-frozen-ground-land-surface-soil-temperature-soil-temperature, earth-science-snow-ice-cryosphere-freeze-thaw-freeze-thaw, earth-science-snow-ice-terrestrial-hydrosphere-freeze-thaw-freeze-thaw, earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-moisture-water-content-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-structure-soil-structure, earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-temperature-soil-temperature, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-structure-soil-structure, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-temperature-soil-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SBG 2024 TIM Meeting Summary: Current Progress and Future Goals of the SBG Mission

This report summarizes the community discussions at the 2024 NASA Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) Technical Interchange Meeting (TIM) from May 29 to 31, 2024, in Washington, D.C., US. The report provides the broader science community with information on the current state of the SBG mission, SBG-relevant science and applications, and future work needed. The SBG mission includes a visible to shortwave infrared (VSWIR) spectrometer and a thermal infrared (TIR) radiometer as outlined in the 2017-2027 National Academies' Decadal Survey. Over 150 in-person and 200 online community members from across research and applications areas gathered to learn about the current state of the mission, discuss needed science and applications developments, provide input on SBG- TIR and SBG- VSWIR acquisition decisions, and learn about how to access precursor data from Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source InvesTigation (EMIT), ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS), and relevant airborne instruments. This paper discusses the current state of the SBG mission and the SBG-TIR and SBG-VSWIR instruments, including algorithm development plans, open science approach, and ongoing collaborations with international partners. It presents information on precursor data from the EMIT and ECOSTRESS instruments that can be used to develop and test algorithms for SBG as well as synergistic data from relevant airborne campaigns. These precursor data are also part of a NASA Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs) effort to provide tools and tutorials for easier data access and lower the barrier of entry for the use of SBG-like data. The report is provided in Portable Document Format (PDF).

Tags: earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-infrared-imagery, earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-thermal-infrared
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration