AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
TIGER/Line Shapefile, 2016, 2010 nation, U.S., 2010 Census 5-Digit ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA5) National

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB).  The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation.


ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) are approximate area representations of U.S. Postal Service (USPS) ZIP Code service areas that the Census Bureau creates to present statistical data for each decennial census. The Census Bureau delineates ZCTA boundaries for the United States, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands once each decade following the decennial census. Data users should not use ZCTAs to identify the official USPS ZIP Code for mail delivery. The USPS makes periodic changes to ZIP Codes to support more efficient mail delivery.


The Census Bureau uses tabulation blocks as the basis for defining each ZCTA. Tabulation blocks are assigned to a ZCTA based on the most frequently occurring ZIP Code for the addresses contained within that block. The most frequently occurring ZIP Code also becomes the five-digit numeric code of the ZCTA. These codes may contain leading zeros.


Blocks that do not contain addresses but are surrounded by a single ZCTA (enclaves) are assigned to the surrounding ZCTA. Because the Census Bureau only uses the most frequently occurring ZIP Code to assign blocks, a ZCTA may not exist for every USPS ZIP Code. Some ZIP Codes may not have a matching ZCTA because too few addresses were associated with the specific ZIP Code or the ZIP Code was not the most frequently occurring ZIP Code within any of the blocks where it exists. 


The ZCTA boundaries in this release are those delineated following the 2010 Census. 


Tags: nation, polygon, u.s., united states, zcta, zip code, zip code tabulation area
Organization: U.S. Census Bureau, Department of Commerce
TIGER/Line Shapefile, 2016,  state, Puerto Rico, Current Subbarrio (Subminor Civil Division)

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB).  The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation.  For the 2010 Census, subMCDs only exist in Puerto Rico.  In Puerto Rico the subMCDs are termed subbarrios and are legally defined subdivisions of the minor civil division (MCD) named barrios-pueblo and barrios. The boundaries of the subbarrios are as of January 1, 2010 and were provided to the Census Bureau by the Puerto Rico Planning Board.

Tags: 72, polygon, pr, puerto rico, state or equivalent entity, sub mcd, subbarrio, u.s., united states
Organization: U.S. Census Bureau, Department of Commerce
2016 Cartographic Boundary File, Current County and Equivalent for United States, 1:5,000,000

The 2016 cartographic boundary shapefiles are simplified
               representations of selected geographic areas from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master
               Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing
               (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). These boundary files are specifically designed for
               small-scale thematic mapping. When possible, generalization is performed with the
               intent to maintain the hierarchical relationships among geographies and to maintain
               the alignment of geographies within a file set for a given year. Geographic areas may
               not align with the same areas from another year. Some geographies are available as
               nation-based files while others are available only as state-based files. The primary
               legal divisions of most states are termed counties. In Louisiana, these divisions are
               known as parishes. In Alaska, which has no counties, the equivalent entities are the
               organized boroughs, city and boroughs, municipalities, and for the unorganized area,
               census areas. The latter are delineated cooperatively for statistical purposes by the
               State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada,
               and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any
               county organization and thus constitute primary divisions of their states. These
               incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent
               entities for purposes of data presentation. The District of Columbia and Guam have no
               primary divisions, and each area is considered an equivalent entity for purposes of
               data presentation. The Census Bureau treats the following entities as equivalents of
               counties for purposes of data presentation: Municipios in Puerto Rico, Districts and
               Islands in American Samoa, Municipalities in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
               Islands, and Islands in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The entire area of the United
               States, Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas is covered by counties or equivalent
               entities. The generalized boundaries for counties and equivalent entities are based
               on those as of January 1, 2016, primarily as reported through the Census Bureau's
               Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS).

Tags: 2016, borough, boundaries, cartographic boundary, census area, city, city and borough, county, county equivalent, district, generalized, independent city, island, municipality, municipio, parish, shp, state, united states, us
Organization: U.S. Census Bureau, Department of Commerce
2016 Cartographic Boundary File, Current County and Equivalent for United States, 1:20,000,000

The 2016 cartographic boundary shapefiles are simplified
               representations of selected geographic areas from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master
               Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing
               (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). These boundary files are specifically designed for
               small-scale thematic mapping. When possible, generalization is performed with the
               intent to maintain the hierarchical relationships among geographies and to maintain
               the alignment of geographies within a file set for a given year. Geographic areas may
               not align with the same areas from another year. Some geographies are available as
               nation-based files while others are available only as state-based files. The primary
               legal divisions of most states are termed counties. In Louisiana, these divisions are
               known as parishes. In Alaska, which has no counties, the equivalent entities are the
               organized boroughs, city and boroughs, municipalities, and for the unorganized area,
               census areas. The latter are delineated cooperatively for statistical purposes by the
               State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada,
               and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any
               county organization and thus constitute primary divisions of their states. These
               incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent
               entities for purposes of data presentation. The District of Columbia and Guam have no
               primary divisions, and each area is considered an equivalent entity for purposes of
               data presentation. The Census Bureau treats the following entities as equivalents of
               counties for purposes of data presentation: Municipios in Puerto Rico, Districts and
               Islands in American Samoa, Municipalities in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
               Islands, and Islands in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The entire area of the United
               States, Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas is covered by counties or equivalent
               entities. The generalized boundaries for counties and equivalent entities are based
               on those as of January 1, 2016, primarily as reported through the Census Bureau's
               Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS).

Tags: 2016, borough, boundaries, cartographic boundary, census area, city, city and borough, county, county equivalent, district, generalized, independent city, island, municipality, municipio, parish, shp, state, united states, us
Organization: U.S. Census Bureau, Department of Commerce
2016 Cartographic Boundary File, Current County and Equivalent for United States, 1:20,000,000

The 2016 cartographic boundary KMLs are simplified representations
               of selected geographic areas from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File /
               Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database
               (MTDB). These boundary files are specifically designed for small-scale thematic
               mapping. When possible, generalization is performed with the intent to maintain the
               hierarchical relationships among geographies and to maintain the alignment of
               geographies within a file set for a given year. Geographic areas may not align with
               the same areas from another year. Some geographies are available as nation-based
               files while others are available only as state-based files. The primary legal
               divisions of most states are termed counties. In Louisiana, these divisions are known
               as parishes. In Alaska, which has no counties, the equivalent entities are the
               organized boroughs, city and boroughs, municipalities, and for the unorganized area,
               census areas. The latter are delineated cooperatively for statistical purposes by the
               State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada,
               and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any
               county organization and thus constitute primary divisions of their states. These
               incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent
               entities for purposes of data presentation. The District of Columbia and Guam have no
               primary divisions, and each area is considered an equivalent entity for purposes of
               data presentation. The Census Bureau treats the following entities as equivalents of
               counties for purposes of data presentation: Municipios in Puerto Rico, Districts and
               Islands in American Samoa, Municipalities in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
               Islands, and Islands in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The entire area of the United
               States, Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas is covered by counties or equivalent
               entities. The generalized boundaries for counties and equivalent entities are based
               on those as of January 1, 2016, primarily as reported through the Census Bureau's
               Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS).

Tags: 2016, borough, boundaries, cartographic boundary, census area, city, city and borough, county, county equivalent, district, generalized, independent city, island, kml, municipality, municipio, parish, state, united states, us
Organization: U.S. Census Bureau, Department of Commerce
2016 Cartographic Boundary File, Current County and Equivalent for United States, 1:5,000,000

The 2016 cartographic boundary KMLs are simplified representations
               of selected geographic areas from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File /
               Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database
               (MTDB). These boundary files are specifically designed for small-scale thematic
               mapping. When possible, generalization is performed with the intent to maintain the
               hierarchical relationships among geographies and to maintain the alignment of
               geographies within a file set for a given year. Geographic areas may not align with
               the same areas from another year. Some geographies are available as nation-based
               files while others are available only as state-based files. The primary legal
               divisions of most states are termed counties. In Louisiana, these divisions are known
               as parishes. In Alaska, which has no counties, the equivalent entities are the
               organized boroughs, city and boroughs, municipalities, and for the unorganized area,
               census areas. The latter are delineated cooperatively for statistical purposes by the
               State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada,
               and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any
               county organization and thus constitute primary divisions of their states. These
               incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent
               entities for purposes of data presentation. The District of Columbia and Guam have no
               primary divisions, and each area is considered an equivalent entity for purposes of
               data presentation. The Census Bureau treats the following entities as equivalents of
               counties for purposes of data presentation: Municipios in Puerto Rico, Districts and
               Islands in American Samoa, Municipalities in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
               Islands, and Islands in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The entire area of the United
               States, Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas is covered by counties or equivalent
               entities. The generalized boundaries for counties and equivalent entities are based
               on those as of January 1, 2016, primarily as reported through the Census Bureau's
               Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS).

Tags: 2016, borough, boundaries, cartographic boundary, census area, city, city and borough, county, county equivalent, district, generalized, independent city, island, kml, municipality, municipio, parish, state, united states, us
Organization: U.S. Census Bureau, Department of Commerce
TIGER/Line Shapefile, 2017, 2010 nation, U.S., 2010 Census  Urban Area National

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB).  The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation.


After each decennial census, the Census Bureau delineates urban areas that represent densely developed territory, encompassing residential, commercial, and other nonresidential urban land uses.  In general, this territory consists of areas of high population density and urban land use resulting in a representation of the "urban footprint."  There are two types of urban areas: urbanized areas (UAs) that contain 50,000 or more people and urban clusters (UCs) that contain at least 2,500 people, but fewer than 50,000 people (except in the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam which each contain urban clusters with populations greater than 50,000).  Each urban area is identified by a 5-character numeric census code that may contain leading zeroes.


Tags: nation, polygon, u.s., ua, uc, united states, urban area, urban cluster, urbanized areas
Organization: U.S. Census Bureau, Department of Commerce
TIGER/Line Shapefile, 2017,  nation, U.S., Current State and Equivalent National

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB).  The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation.


States and equivalent entities are the primary governmental divisions of the United States.  In addition to the fifty States, the Census Bureau treats the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and each of the Island Areas (American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) as the statistical equivalents of States for the purpose of data presentation.


Tags: nation, polygon, u.s., united states
Organization: U.S. Census Bureau, Department of Commerce
Fluoride removal by modified biochar

This data set includes physicochemical properties of douglas fir biochar (DF-BC), dairy manure biochar (DM500) and calcium modified dairy manure biochar (Ca-DM500) such as SEM images and EDS analysis of the Ca-DM500 and surface area analysis (BET) of all three biochars.  

The data set also includes:
Physiochemical properties and characteristics of the biochars A) DRIFTS analysis, B) Point of zero charge, C) Particle size, D) pH, and E) X-ray diffraction.

Batch tests to investigate fluoride removal behavior including initial screening tests, pH effects, isotherms, kinetics co-existing ion competition and continuous flow columns. 

Isotherm data were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson Models. Column data were modeled using the Thomas model (Thomas 1944). 

This dataset is associated with the following publication:
Wallace, A.R., C. Su, Y. Choi, E. Kan, and W. Sun. Removal of Fluoride from Water Using a Calcium-Modified Dairy Manure-Derived Biochar.   JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING. American Society of Civil Engineers  (ASCE), Reston, VA, USA, 146(12): 1-10, (2020).

Tags: calcium-hydroxide-coated-biochar, fluoride, regeneration-and-reuse, removal-kinetics, sorption-isotherm
Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2016 Cartographic Boundary File, Current Metropolitan/Micropolitan Statistical Area for United States, 1:5,000,000

The 2016 cartographic boundary shapefiles are simplified
               representations of selected geographic areas from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master
               Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing
               (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). These boundary files are specifically designed for
               small-scale thematic mapping. When possible, generalization is performed with the
               intent to maintain the hierarchical relationships among geographies and to maintain
               the alignment of geographies within a file set for a given year. Geographic areas may
               not align with the same areas from another year. Some geographies are available as
               nation-based files while others are available only as state-based files. Metropolitan
               and Micropolitan Statistical Areas are together termed Core Based Statistical Areas
               (CBSAs) and are defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and consist of
               the county or counties or equivalent entities associated with at least one urban core
               (urbanized area or urban cluster) of at least 10,000 population, plus adjacent
               counties having a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as
               measured through commuting ties with the counties containing the core. Categories of
               CBSAs are: Metropolitan Statistical Areas, based on urbanized areas of 50,000 or more
               population; and Micropolitan Statistical Areas, based on urban clusters of at least
               10,000 population but less than 50,000 population. The generalized boundaries in this
               file are based on those defined by OMB based on the 2010 Census, published in 2013,
               and updated in 2015.

Tags: 2016, boundaries, cartographic boundary, cbsa, generalized, metropolitan statistical area, micropolitan statistical area, shp, united states, us
Organization: U.S. Census Bureau, Department of Commerce
2016 Cartographic Boundary File, Current Combined Statistical Area for United States, 1:5,000,000

The 2016 cartographic boundary KMLs are simplified representations
               of selected geographic areas from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File /
               Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database
               (MTDB). These boundary files are specifically designed for small-scale thematic
               mapping. When possible, generalization is performed with the intent to maintain the
               hierarchical relationships among geographies and to maintain the alignment of
               geographies within a file set for a given year. Geographic areas may not align with
               the same areas from another year. Some geographies are available as nation-based
               files while others are available only as state-based files. Combined Statistical
               Areas (CSAs) are defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and consist of
               two or more adjacent Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) that have significant
               employment interchanges. The CBSAs that combine to create a CSA retain separate
               identities within the larger CSA. Because CSAs represent groupings of CBSAs, they
               should not be ranked or compared with individual CBSAs. The generalized boundaries in
               this file are based on those defined by OMB based on the 2010 Census, published in
               2013, and updated in 2015.

Tags: 2016, boundaries, cartographic boundary, combined statistical area, csa, generalized, kml, united states, us
Organization: U.S. Census Bureau, Department of Commerce