AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Colorado Landcarbon: Accounting for Wildfire

Disturbance disrupts the balance between gross primary productivity and respiration, resulting in a net C loss for some time after a stand-replacing fire. However, our understanding of this process is based on a limited number of studies. Ecosystem C recovery post-fire must be explicitly and carefully examined in order to generate accurate predictions of C cycle impacts of future wildfires and change in fire regimes.
Montane ponderosa and lodgepole pine forests, either single-species stands or mixed, dominate surface area in the Southern Rockies. These species have drastically different relationships with wildfire; the current narrative portrays ponderosa pine as accustomed to low-severity surface fires with low regeneration rates following high-severity wildfire, whereas lodgepole pine forests readily regenerate after a high-severity stand-replacing wildfire. Forests at the transition between lower montane and upper montane may be more sensitive to future climate change than their lower counterparts; e.g., a stand-replacing disturbance could cause montane ponderosa pine forests to yield to lodgepole pine. It is important to understand how wildfire impacts ecosystem C fluxes in these ecosystems and how landscape dynamics, including topographical changes in climate and distance from forest seed source, can be used to predict C cycle responses to future wildfire patterns.
To date, no single study has collected data at an adequate temporal resolution to fully characterize the short-term, intermediate-term, and long-term response and recovery of forest soil respiration to pre-burn conditions. The aim of this work is to predict soil respiration and net primary productivity in pine forests of the southern Rocky Mountains based on time since fire, fire severity, forest type, and forest and soil properties, such as tree basal area, leaf area index and soil carbon pools. We sampled 5 wildfires and 1 high-severity prescribed fire as well as nearby unburned reference forests. The following time-since-fire intervals were sampled along a 30-yr chronosequence: 1-5 years (n=1), 5-10 years (n=1), 10-20 years (n=3), and 20-25 years (n=1).

Tags: tbd, usgs-59ee6054e4b0220bbd9762de
Organization: Department of the Interior
Demography and habitat use of boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas) and other amphibians in northern Wyoming (Blackrock).

Amphibian decline is a problem of global importance, with over 40% of species considered at risk. This phenomenon is not limited to the tropics or to other countries. Amphibian species in the U.S. are also declining, contributing to the larger, global phenomenon. For example, in the State of Wyoming, the Wyoming toad has been extirpated in the wild and the boreal toad is a species of special concern. Understanding biotic and abiotic factors that influence amphibian persistence is critical for amphibian conservation. This work in northern Wyoming has focused on demography, habitat alteration and creation, and disease in the context of multiple amphibian populations. One of the foci has been to identify the capacity for mitigation wetlands (those created to offset losses due to, for example, road construction) to serve as habitat for amphibians.  Four species of amphibians native to Wyoming, including the boreal toad, reside in this region. Our previous research indicates that the toad population at Blackrock is declining at 5-6% per year and that disease due to the amphibian chytrid fungus is contributing to this decline. Our demographic work at this site began in 2003, focusing solely on the boreal toad. Additional funding in 2012 allowed us to increase the scope of the project and assess chorus frog, salamander and Columbia spotted frog populations, invertebrate assemblages,  work to quantify the use of mitigation sites by amphibians, and to expand efforts to include sites on Togwotee Pass a short distance away from Blackrock. Because most previous studies of amphibian use of created wetlands have taken place in the eastern United States, this project, incorporating demographic and disease dynamics as well as community composition and mitigation effects of created wetlands, is unique and provides  a case study in the Intermountain West. By 2015, all four native amphibian species were observed at one of the created wetlands, and all of them, including the boreal toad, were breeding (evidenced by breeding behavior, eggs or tadpoles).

Tags: amphibians, biota, blackrock, breeding, columbia-spotted-frogs, egg-mass, togwotee, usgs-59ee610ee4b0220bbd9762e5, wetland-ecosystems
Organization: Department of the Interior
Mineral predominance map for Nabesna, Alaska, derived from imaging spectrometer reflectance data

Reflectance data from HyMap™ were processed using the Material Identification and Characterization Algorithm (MICA), a module of the USGS PRISM (Processing Routines in IDL for Spectroscopic Measurements) software (Kokaly, 2011), programmed in Interactive Data Language (IDL; Harris Geospatial Solutions, Broomfield, Colorado). The HyMap reflectance data are provided and described in this data release. MICA identifies the spectrally predominant mineral(s) in each pixel of imaging spectrometer data by comparing continuum-removed spectral features in the pixel’s reflectance spectrum to continuum-removed absorption features in reference spectra of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Linear continuum removal is a technique to isolate an absorption feature from background spectral variations (Clark and Roush, 1984). Following continuum removal of a spectral feature in a reference spectrum and the corresponding channels in an imaging spectrometer pixel, the coefficient of determination (r2) of a linear regression of these continuum-removed values is used as the metric to judge the degree of match (or fit) between the unknown and reference spectra. MICA analysis is controlled by a command file, which lists the reference spectra for comparison to imaging spectrometer pixel spectra, the wavelength regions for continuum removal and spectral feature comparison, and other parameters (see Kokaly, 2011). For each pixel, the reference spectrum with the highest fit value identifies the predominant mineral class. The reference spectra used in this MICA analysis are available to the public in the USGS spectral library (Kokaly and others, 2017). The MICA command file used in this study was adapted from that used to process HyMap data covering Afghanistan (Kokaly and others, 2013). The MICA command file is provided in this data release and also in the digital appendix of Graham and others (2018).

Tags: alaska, alaska-range, bond-creek, canada, economy, envi, environment-for-visualizing-images, geoscientificinformation, hymap, hyperspectral-imaging, imagerybasemapsearthcover, imaging-spectroscopy, infrared-imaging, mineral-resources, mineral-resources-program, mineralogy, mrp, nabesna, nabesna-a-2-quadrangle, nabesna-a-4-quadrangle, nabesna-b-4-quadrangle, nikonda-creek, nutzotin-mountains, orange-hill, remote-sensing, shortwave-infrared, spectroscopy, swir, usgs-59ee7d13e4b0220bbd976365, valdez-cordova, visible-near-infrared, vnir, wrangell-mountains, wrangellsaint-elias-national-preserve, yukon-territory
Organization: Department of the Interior
Bathymetry Hillsahde--Offshore of Tomales Point, California

This part of DS 781 presents data for the shaded-relief bathymetry map of the Offshore of Tomales Point map area, California. Raster data file is included in "BathymetryHS_OffshoreTomalesPoint.zip," which is accessible from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreTomalesPoint/data_catalog_OffshoreTomalesPoint.html. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Cochrane, G.R., Watt, J.T., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M.W., Endris, C.A., Dieter, B.E., Krigsman, L.M., Sliter, R.W., Lowe, E.N., and Chin, J.L. (S.Y. Johnson and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2015, California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Tomales Point, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1088, pamphlet 38 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151088.
The hillshaded bathymetry map of the Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California, was generated from bathymetry data collected by California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB), by Fugro Pelagos, and by the U.S. Geological Survey. Mapping was completed between 2004 and 2010, using a combination of 200-kHz and 400-kHz Reson 7125, and 244-kHz Reson 8101 multibeam echosounders, as well as 234-kHz and 468-kHz SEA SWATHPlus phase-differencing sidescan sonars. These mapping missions combined to collect bathymetry from about the 10-m isobath to beyond the 3-nautical-mile limit of California's State Waters.

Tags: bathymetry, bathymetry-and-elevation, bathymetry-measurement, cmhrp, coastal-and-marine-hazards-and-resources-program, continental-island-shelf, distributions, environment, geoscientificinformation, geospatial-datasets, imagerybasemapsearthcover, maps-and-atlases, marin-county, marine-geophysics, marine-nearshore-subtidal, marine-offshore-subtidal, multibeam-echo-sounder, northern-california-ecoregion, oceans, pacific-coastal-and-marine-science-center, pacific-ocean, pcmsc, rock-substrate, seabed, seafloor-topography, sonar-methods, state-of-california, tomales-bay, tomales-point, transform-continental-margin, u-s-geological-survey, unconsolidated-mineral-substrate, usgs, usgs-59ef2308-ed8d-4470-852c-af80b74db8ce
Organization: Department of the Interior
Water temperature in Three Sisters Springs, and water temperature and level in Magnolia Spring: Winter 2014-15

Water level and water temperature from Magnolia Spring were recorded with a level datalogger (HOBO U20-001-01-Ti; Onset Computer Corp., Bourne, MA) set to record every 15 min.  The datalogger was attached to a Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge signpost (LAT 28.8913, LONG -82.5925). Data were reported in meters of water depth to the logger and degrees Celcius. 
Water temperature from Three Sisters Springs was recorded with a water temperature datalogger (HOBO U22; Onset Computer Corp., Bourne, MA) set to record every 15 min.  The datalogger was attached to a Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge signpost (LAT 28.8885, LONG -82.5891) set to record at a 15 min interval. Data were reported in degrees Celcius.

Tags: usgs-59ef46e6e4b0220bbd98d2d4, water-level, water-temperature
Organization: Department of the Interior
Data for Radium Mobility and the Age of Groundwater in Public-drinking-water Supplies from the Cambrian-Ordovician Aquifer System, North-Central USA: Table 3. Detailed information on calculations of environmental tracer data.

High radium (Ra) concentrations in potable portions of the Cambrian-Ordovician (C-O) aquifer system were investigated using water-quality data and environmental tracers ( 3H, 3Hetrit, SF6 , 14C and 4Herad) of groundwater age from 80 public-supply wells (PSWs). Groundwater ages were estimated by calibration of tracers to lumped parameter models and ranged from modern (1 Myr) in the most downgradient, confined portions of the potable system. More than 80 and 40 percent of mean groundwater ages were older than 1000 and 50,000 yr, respectively. Anoxic, Fe-reducing conditions and increased mineralization develop with time in the aquifer system and mobilize Ra into solution resulting in the frequent occurrence of combined Ra (Rac = 226Ra + 228Ra) at concentrations exceeding the USEPA MCL of 185 mBq/L (5 pCi/L). The distribution of the three Ra isotopes comprising total Ra (Rat = 224Ra + 226Ra + 228Ra) differed across the aquifer system. The concentrations of 224Ra and 228Ra were strongly correlated and comprised a larger proportion of the Rat concentration in samples from the regionally unconfined area, where arkosic sandstones provide an enhanced source for progeny from the 232Th decay series. 226Ra comprised a larger proportion of the Rat concentration in samples from downgradient confined regions. Concentrations of Rat were significantly greater in samples from the regionally confined area of the aquifer system because of the increase in 226Ra concentrations there as compared to the regionally unconfined area. 226Ra distribution coefficients decreased substantially with anoxic conditions and increasing ionic strength of groundwater (mineralization), indicating that Ra is mobilized to solution from solid phases of the aquifer as sorption capacity is diminished. The amount of 226Ra released from solid phases by alpha-recoil mechanisms and retained in solution increases relative to the amount of Ra sequestered by adsorption processes or co-precipitation with barite as sorption capacity and the concentration of Ba decreases. Although 226Ra occurred at concentrations greater than 224Ra or 228Ra, the ingestion exposure risk was greater for 228Ra owing to its greater toxicity. In addition, 224Ra added substantial alpha-particle radioactivity to potable samples from the C-O aquifer system. Thus, monitoring for Ra isotopes and gross-alpha-activity (GAA) is important in upgradient, regionally unconfined areas as downgradient, and GAA measurements made within 72 h of sample collection would best capture alpha-particle radiation from the short-lived 224Ra.

Tags: alpha-recoil, cambrian-ordovician-aquifer-system, cycle-3, dissolved-gas, groundwater-age, illinois, iowa, lumped-parameter-modeling, michigan, minnesota, nawqa, radium, radium-226-distribution-coefficient, recharge-temperature, usgs-59ef58bde4b0220bbd98d33f, water-quality, wisconsin
Organization: Department of the Interior
Grand Canyon Whitewater Boater Data, Temporal Stability of Willingness to Pay Values

These data were complied for the primary analysis underlying the resuts presented in Neher et al., Testing  the Limits of Temporal Stability: Willingness to Pay Values Among Grand Canyon Whitewater Boaters across Decades.  The data is a combination of data collected for a 1985 survey of private party Grand Canyon boaters, and a 2015 replication survey for that same recreational user group.  The excel file contains the core dichotomous choice contingent valuation questions and responses from the two (1985 and 2015) surveys.  A series of indicator variables are used to delineate the underlying survey source (1985 or 2015 data) and the flow level presented to respondents (5000, 13,000 22,000 or 40000 cfs) The CV bid levels for the 2015 survey data have been deflated using the CPI-u to be consistent with the 1985 price levels.  Bid levels from the 2015 survey data (IDs 1000-1414) may be reinflated to 2015 $ by multiplying them by 2.2177 (CPI-u (2015) / CPI-u (1985)).

Tags: arizona, bid-levels, boaters, colorado-river, consumer-price-index, contingent-valuation, cpi, cpi-u, dichotomous-choice, flow-levels, grand-canyon, indicator-variables, price-levels, replication-survey, southwestern-united-states, surveys, temporal-stability, united-states, urban-consumers, usgs-59efb32ae4b0220bbd99beba, whitewater, willingness-to-pay
Organization: Department of the Interior
PRMS model inputs and outputs for the Upper Pipestem Creek basin (2017)

This data release contains input for and outputs from hydrologic simulations of the upper Pipestem creek basin located in the Prairie Pothole region of North Dakota using the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS).These simulations were developed to provide example applications of model calibration using alternative calibration targets. These PRMS model input and output data are intended to accompany a journal paper (Hay et al, 2017); they include three types of data: 1) PRMS climate inputs, 2) PRMS parameter files,   and 3) PRMS outputs.

Tags: model, streamflow, streamflow-modeling, usgs-5a25dbcbe4b03852baf67eea
Organization: Department of the Interior
Geoelectric and Seismic Data acquired in the Precambrian Granite Gravel Aquifer, Llano Uplift, Central Texas, May 2017 - August 2018

This data release contains geophysical data and well and borehole driller's logs acquired at a small field site in the Llano Uplift of central Texas. The field site is underlain by the unconfined Precambrian Granite Gravel aquifer and the Precambrian Town Mountain Granite bedrock from which the Granite Gravel Aquifer was derived through chemical and mechanical weathering. The data set consists of five types of data in the quantities indicated: (1) 1 time-domain electromagnetic sounding, (2) 441 self-potential measurements, (3) 2 electrical resistivity tomography profiles, (4) 2 seismic refraction tomography profiles, and (5) 4 driller's logs (obtained from 2 wells and 2 shallow boreholes). The data were collected primarily from within a 100-meter (m) by 100-m survey area to characterize the geoelectric and seismic properties of the Granite Gravel Aquifer. Emphasis was placed upon evaluating the successes of time-domain electromagnetic sounding and seismic refraction tomography to map the water-table and bedrock depths, respectively, in the shallow subsurface. This emphasis provided the catalyst for a more extensive geophysical characterization of the aquifer to provide enough contrasting data to reduce uncertainty in the interpretations made from the electromagnetic and seismic data. Geophysical properties of the aquifer were measured and correlated to driller's logs from local wells and boreholes to interpret the water-table and bedrock depths beneath the survey area. Correlations between geophysical data and driller's logs enabled a hydrogeophysical characterization of the Granite Gravel Aquifer and Town Mountain Granite beneath the survey area at the field site.

Tags: aquifer-characterization, burnet-county, electric-resistivity-tomography-ert, granite-gravel-aquifer, granite-gravel-aquifer-gga, kingsland, llano-uplift, seismic-refraction-tomography-srt, self-potential-sp, texas, time-domain-electromagnetic-tdem, town-mountain-granite-tmg, usgs-59f0ad86e4b0220bbd9ade2d
Organization: Department of the Interior
Bathymetry and Storage Capacity of Nimrod Lake, Arkansas

A bathymetric survey of Nimrod Lake, Arkansas, was conducted in late April to mid-May, 2016, by the Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center (LMG WSC) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) using methodologies for sonar surveys similar to those described by Wilson and Richards (2006) and Richards and Huizinga (2018).  Point data from the bathymetric survey were merged with point data from an aerial LiDAR survey conducted in December, 2010, that were provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Little Rock District.  From the combined point dataset, a terrain dataset (a type of triangulated irregular network, or TIN, model) was created in Esri ArcGIS, version 10.5, for the area within the approximate extent of the flood pool of the lake as defined by the 374-ft contour of the LiDAR data.  Products in this data release are stored within an Esri file geodatabase and include the following:  Feature classes of point data from the bathymetric and LiDAR surveys; the terrain dataset; a feature class of bathymetric contours at 4-ft intervals; and a table of storage capacity (volume) of the lake at 1-ft increments in water surface elevation from 301-373 ft above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88), seasonal conservation pool elevations 342.13, 344.63, and 345.13 NAVD88, and flood pool elevation 373.13 ft NAVD88.  References:  Richards, J.M. and Huizinga, R.J., 2018, Bathymetric contour map, surface area and capacity table, and bathymetric difference map for Clearwater Lake near Piedmont, Missouri, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3409: 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3409; Wilson, G.L., and Richards, J.M., 2006, Procedural Documentation and Accuracy Assessment of Bathymetric Maps and Area/Capacity Tables for Small Reservoirs: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5208, https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5208/.

Tags: acoustic, adcp, ar, arkansas, ascii, bathymetry-and-elevation, digital-terrain-models, doppler, elevation, gnis-id-75802, inlandwaters, lidar, limnology, nimrod-lake, perry-county, sonar, terrain-dataset, usgs-59f0b708e4b0220bbd9b1757, water-depth, xyz, yell-county
Organization: Department of the Interior
Terrestrial lidar data from northern Monterey Bay, California, September 2015

This part of the data release presents topography data from northern Monterey Bay, California collected in September 2015 with a terrestrial lidar scanner.

Tags: bathymetry-and-elevation, cmgp, coastal-and-marine-geology-program, coastal-sediment-budget, elevation, gps-global-positioning-system, lidar, monterey-bay, monterey-county, pacific-coastal-and-marine-science-center, pacific-ocean, pcmsc, santa-cruz-county, topography, u-s-geological-survey, usgs, usgs-59f0dc85e4b0220bbd9c6a83
Organization: Department of the Interior
Digital elevation models (DEMs) of northern Monterey Bay, California, September and October 2015

This part of the data release presents digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from bathymetry and topography data of northern Monterey Bay, California collected in September and October 2015. Bathymetry data were collected using two personal watercraft (PWCs), each equipped with single-beam echosounders and survey-grade global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. Topography data were collected on foot with GNSS receivers mounted on backpacks and with an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) using a GNSS receiver mounted at a measured height above the ground. Additional topography data were collected with a terrestrial lidar scanner. DEM surfaces were produced from all available elevation data using linear interpolation.

Tags: bathymetry, bathymetry-and-elevation, bathymetry-measurement, cmgp, coastal-and-marine-geology-program, coastal-sediment-budget, digital-elevation-models, echo-sounders, elevation, global-positioning-system-gps-observations, gps-global-positioning-system, gps-measurement, lidar, monterey-bay, monterey-county, pacific-coastal-and-marine-science-center, pacific-ocean, pcmsc, santa-cruz-county, single-beam-echo-sounder, topographic-mapping, topography, u-s-geological-survey, usgs, usgs-59f0edb8e4b0220bbd9c6b48, water-depth
Organization: Department of the Interior
Nearshore bathymetry data from northern Monterey Bay, California, March 2016

This part of the data release presents bathymetry data from northern Monterey Bay, California collected in March 2016 using two personal watercraft (PWCs). The PWCs were equipped with single-beam echosounders and survey-grade global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers.

Tags: bathymetry, bathymetry-and-elevation, bathymetry-measurement, cmgp, coastal-and-marine-geology-program, echo-sounders, elevation, global-positioning-system-gps-observations, gps-global-positioning-system, gps-measurement, monterey-bay, monterey-county, pacific-coastal-and-marine-science-center, pacific-ocean, pcmsc, santa-cruz-county, single-beam-echo-sounder, u-s-geological-survey, usgs, usgs-59f10da4e4b0220bbd9c6bd1, water-depth
Organization: Department of the Interior
Topography data from northern Monterey Bay, California, March 2016

This part of the data release presents topography data from northern Monterey Bay, California collected in March 2016. Topography data were collected on foot with survey-grade global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers mounted on backpacks and with an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) using a GNSS receiver mounted at a measured height above the ground.

Tags: bathymetry-and-elevation, cmgp, coastal-and-marine-geology-program, elevation, global-positioning-system-gps-observations, gps-global-positioning-system, gps-measurement, monterey-bay, monterey-county, pacific-coastal-and-marine-science-center, pacific-ocean, pcmsc, santa-cruz-county, topography, u-s-geological-survey, usgs, usgs-59f10e77e4b0220bbd9c6bda
Organization: Department of the Interior