AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Juvenile Delinquency and Co-Offending in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1976-1994

In an attempt to inform and advance the literature on
co-offending, this study tracked through time the patterns of criminal
behavior among a sample of offenders and their accomplices. This study
consists of a random sample of 400 offenders selected from all
official records of arrest (N=60,821) for offenders under age 18 in
Philadelphia in 1987. Half of the offenders selected committed a crime
alone and half committed a crime with an accomplice. Criminal history
data from January 1976 to December 1994 were gathered for all
offenders in the sample and their accomplices.

Tags: criminal-histories, juvenile-crime, juvenile-delinquents, offenders, violent-crime
Organization: Department of Justice
Individual, Institutional, and Community Sources of School Violence:  A Meta-Analysis, 68 Countries, 1977-2016

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor.  The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers.  Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigators if further information is needed.
The current study subjected the body of empirical literature on school violence to a meta-analysis or "quantitative synthesis", to determine the key individual-, school-, and community-level factors that influence violence in school. The data are based on 693 studies of school violence that contributed a total of 8,551 effect size estimates--3,840 for delinquency/aggression (44.91%) and 4,711 for victimization (55.09%). These effect sizes were drawn from 545 independent data sets and 68 different countries. The majority of effect size estimates (56.22%) were based on U.S. samples. A total of 31 different predictors of school violence were coded at the individual, institutional, and community levels.
The collection includes one Stata file, Meta-Analysis-Data-for-NACJD.dta (n=8,551; 9 variables).

Tags: aggression, delinquent-behavior, meta-analysis, school-violence, victimization
Organization: Department of Justice
Probation officers' Compliance with the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI): A Multi-level Study of Post-implementation Practice across Pennsylvania counties, 2015-2018

This research uses in-depth cases studies in five counties, combining interviews and observations, interviews with state reform leaders, and a statewide survey, to examine juvenile probation officers' use of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) in local practice. In particular, the study assessed the form YLS/CMI policies take in local Pennsylvania counties
and their consistency with the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model, the extent to which officers' routine practices align with policies and RNR principles, and how state and county factors have shaped local policies
and practices. In doing so, it sought to highlight promising strategies for
effective RNA implementation. Study findings describe an example of an apparently well-planned statewide effort to implement and support the YLS/CMI in local counties, involving a sustained attention to attention to training, quality assurance, and problem-solving. Local county policies, while showing some variation, focused on strategies for conducting the YLS/CMI assessment and applying its results
to a variety of decisions and activities--supporting, in particular, risk and need principles. Study results further suggest a substantial statewide level of practitioner adherence to a general policy model, though this pattern was stronger for some activities than others, and varied substantially by local county. Variation in implementation across counties seemed to relate, in particular, to the extent of local quality assurance processes, leadership enthusiasm for the YLS/CMI, staff enthusiasm for evidence-based practices (with implications for training and recruitment), and organizational climate.

Tags: case-management, juveniles, needs-assessment, probation, probation-officers, risk-assessment
Organization: Department of Justice
Child Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Parent Aggression in Two Generations, United States, 2016-2018

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The research purpose of this project was to advance the scientific understanding of children's exposure to family violence and children's adjustment. This research examined the prevalence of child exposure to psychological and physical Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and parent-to-child aggression (PCA), proximal associations with child externalizing and internalizing behavior, social and scholastic competence in early childhood and adolescence, and the developmental timing and intergenerational transmission of exposure to IPV and PCA related to child externalizing behavior. The study also looked at child effortful control and positive parenting as risk and protective factors theorized to mediate associations between child exposure to family violence and later child adjustment. Secondary analyses were conducted using a prospective multigenerational data set involving community families from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds that comprise the Three Generational Study.
 The study collection includes 3 SPSS (.sav) files. The zip file includes CEV_3GS4_Cooccur_itemsB_12212018.sav (n= 283; 356 variables), CEV_3GS7_Cooccur_itemsB_12212018.sav (n= 184; 341 variables), CEV_OYS5_Cooccur_itemsC_12212018.sav (n= 206; 368 variables).

Tags: child-development, children, domestic-violence, family-violence, fathers, intimate-partner-violence, mothers, parenting-skills, parents, violence
Organization: Department of Justice
Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative (SACSI) Research Partnership in Detroit, Michigan, 1999-2003

The Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative
(SACSI), in Detroit, Michigan, involved a team of federal, state, and
local agencies that worked together to systematically address gun
violence in that city. The purpose of the SACSI project was to examine
the dynamics of gun violence and the manner in which such cases are
processed within the criminal justice system, and to evaluate two
SACSI gun violence interventions in Detroit's Eighth Precinct. The
first intervention, "Operation 8-Ball," was a warrant sweep aimed at
gun-involved offenders with outstanding warrants, who were residing in
the Eighth Precinct. Part 1, SACSI Monthly Gun Robberies Data,
contains the monthly totals for stranger gun robberies in three
Detroit precincts, collected to measure the impact of the "Operation
8-Ball" intensive warrant enforcement program conducted in late
September 2001. Part 1, contains six variables. The second strategy
for addressing gun violence adopted by the working group was a
gun-involved parolee supervision component entitled the Detroit SACSI
Parolee Initiative. Part 2, SACSI Monthly Contact for Parolees Data,
contains the monthly totals for a variety of parole contacts,
collected to measure the intensity of a supervision program
implemented for gun offenders, which commenced in July 2002. Part 2
also contains levels of parole violations in an intensive parole group
in the Eighth Precinct of Detroit. Part 2, contains 16 variables.

Tags: crime-prevention, firearms, gun-use, intervention, law-enforcement, public-safety, violence, violent-crime, weapons-offenses
Organization: Department of Justice
Impact of Prisoner Litigation Reform, 1992-2000 [United States]

In 1996, the United States Congress enacted two policies
 to regulate the use of the legal system by state prisoners. They were
 the Prisoner Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) and the Antiterrorism and
 Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA). The purpose of this research
 project was to examine whether the PLRA and the AEDPA had their
 intended effects of reducing the number of Section 1983 lawsuits and
 habeas corpus petitions, respectively, at both the national and
 circuit court levels. The researchers obtained data, from the Research
 and Statistics Division of the Administrative Office of the United
 States Courts, on the number of civil rights suits and the number of
 habeas corpus petitions filed by state prisoners in district courts
 from April 1992 to December 2000. These data were organized into
 monthly increments. Dataset 1, Civil Rights Suits Filed, contains 105
 cases, and Dataset 2, Habeas Corpus Petitions Filed, also contains 105
 cases. The trends in civil rights suits filed (Dataset 1) and habeas
 corpus petitions filed (Dataset 2) were measured by the number of
 petitions filed per 10,000 state prisoners. Filing rates were measured
 at the level of district courts, grouped together by the circuit court
 that has jurisdiction over them.
Variables in Dataset 1, Civil Rights Suits Filed, include filing
 date and the number of civil rights suits filed per 10,000 state
 prisoners at the national level as well as for district courts within
 each of the 11 circuits and the District of Columbia. An intervention
 flag variable is also included. Variables in Dataset 2, Habeas Corpus
 Petitions Filed, include filing date and the number of habeas
 corpus petitions filed per 10,000 state prisoners at the national
 level, as well as for district courts within each of the 11 circuits
 and the District of Columbia. A pulse flag variable and two
intervention flag variables are also included.

Tags: civil-rights, convictions-law, evaluation, habeas-corpus, judicial-decisions, lawsuits, legislation, legislative-impact, prison-conditions, prison-inmates, prisoners-rights, supreme-court-decisions
Organization: Department of Justice
National Evaluation of the Domestic Violence Victims' Civil Legal Assistance (CLA) Program, 1997-2003 [United States]

The national evaluation of the Legal Assistance for Victims (LAV) program had three main objectives: (1) to document the range of local activities and programs supported by the Fiscal Year 1998 to Fiscal Year 2000 LAV grants, (2) to conduct a process evaluation by examining and documenting LAV grantee planning and implementation efforts, and (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of LAV programs in meeting the needs of the victims they serve. A mixed method approach was developed to conduct the evaluation. The researchers used a classic triangulation framework of quantitative agency data, telephone survey interviews, mail surveys, interviews and focus groups with service providers, and case studies. The evaluation of effectiveness included (1) before-after analysis of caseload data on 88,901 clients and (2) interviews with 124 LAV clients. The range of local activities and programs was documented primarily through two mail surveys of grantees. For Part 1 (2001 Mail Survey), data include information regarding project staffing, partnerships, legal and advocacy services provided, and implementation challenges. It was completed by 156 grantees. Part 2 (2003 Mail Survey) was administered to the 2001 survey respondents who had also received continuation grants in 2001 or 2002. It was completed by 79 grantees. This survey sought information on successful practices for achieving key project objectives. It also attempted to quantify the number and types of legal services provided and gain more quantitative information on unmet needs. Part 3 (Legal Assistance for Victims Data) contains caseload data including demographics related to clients such as gender, ethnicity, and income. It also contains information regarding the case including type of case, hours worked on the case, and results of the case. There are also data related to the agency such as jurisdiction of the agency and type of agency. For Part 4 (Victims Interviews), data include demographic information, history and background of the case, legal services received, satisfaction with legal services, impact of legal services, and the victim's current situation.

Tags: abuse, battered-women, demographic-characteristics, domestic-violence, intimate-partner-violence, legal-aid, legal-representation, social-services, violence, violence-against-women
Organization: Department of Justice
Intercity Variation in Youth Homicide, Robbery, and Assault, 1984-2006 [United States]

The research team collected data on homicide, robbery, and assault offending from 1984-2006 for youth 13 to 24 years of age in 91 of the 100 largest cities in the United States (based on the 1980 Census) from various existing data sources. Data on youth homicide perpetration were acquired from the Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR) and data on nonlethal youth violence (robbery and assault) were obtained from the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR).   Annual homicide, robbery, and assault arrest rates per 100,000 age-specific populations (i.e., 13 to 17 and 18 to 24 year olds) were calculated by year for each city in the study. Data on city characteristics were derived from several sources including the County and City Data Books, SHR, and the Vital Statistics Multiple Cause of Death File. The research team constructed a dataset representing lethal and nonlethal offending at the city level for 91 cities over the 23-year period from 1984 to 2006, resulting in 2,093 city year observations.

Tags: age, assault, crime-patterns, crime-statistics, drug-related-crimes, firearms, gang-violence, gangs, homicide, juvenile-crime, juveniles, robbery, trends, violence, violent-crime, violent-crime-statistics, youths
Organization: Department of Justice
Alternative Sentencing Policies for Drug Offenders: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Kansas Senate Bill 123, 2001-2010


The study examined the first five years of operation of Kansas senate bill 123 (November 2003-November 2008) examining individual-level and system-level outcomes over
time and across community corrections districts and judicial actors. The study also assesses the impact of SB 123 on the work routines of criminal justice system actors, examining changes in sentencing and supervision practices and interactions across agencies following the implementation of SB 123.

Individual-level impacts of SB 123 on recidivism rates are assessed using sentencing and revocation data collected by the Kansas Sentencing Commission for drug possessors sentenced in Kansas between November 1, 2001 and October 31, 2008 (Dataset 1). Propensity score matching was used to compare the revocation and reconviction rates of drug possessors sentenced to SB 123 with the recidivism rates of similar individuals sentenced to regular probation (standard supervision by community corrections or court services) (Dataset 2). Supervision and program participation data provided by the Kansas Department of Corrections were used to assess the use of drug treatment services, education and employment services, and sanctions for individuals sentenced to SB 123 or standard community corrections (Dataset 3). These quantitative data were complemented by a set qualitative data derived from interviews with SB 123-eligible offenders (Dataset 4), community corrections managers, and courtroom actors (judges, prosecutors, public defenders) (Dataset 5). 

Tags: drug-courts, drug-law-offenses, drug-treatment, intervention, mandatory-sentences, offenses, probation, recidivism, sentencing-guidelines, sentencing-reforms
Organization: Department of Justice
Multi-Site Adult Drug Court Evaluation (MADCE), 2003-2009

The Multi-Site Adult Drug Court Evaluation (MADCE) study included 23 drug courts and 6 comparison sites selected from 8 states across the country. The purpose of the study was to: (1) Test whether drug courts reduce drug use, crime, and multiple other problems associated with drug abuse, in comparision with similar offenders not exposed to drug courts, (2) address how drug courts work and for whom by isolating key individual and program factors that make drug courts more or less effective in achieving their desired outcomes, (3) explain how offender attitudes and behaviors change when they are exposed to drug courts and how these changes help explain the effectiveness of drug court programs, and (4) examine whether drug courts generate cost savings.
Offenders in all 29 sites were surveyed in 3 waves, at baseline, 6 months later, and 18 months after enrollment. The research comprises three major components: process evaluation, impact evaluation, and a cost-benefit analysis. The process evaluation describes how the 23 drug court sites vary in program eligibility, supervision, treatment, team collaboration, and other key policies and practices. The impact evaluation examines whether drug courts produce better outcomes than comparison sites and tests which court policies and offender attitudes might explain those effects. The cost-benefit analysis evaluates drug court costs and benefits.

Tags: cost-effectiveness, court-system, courts, crime-control, crime-control-policies, crime-control-programs, drug-abuse, drug-courts, drug-law-enforcement, drug-law-offenses, drug-offenders, drug-related-crimes, outcome-evaluation, process-evaluation
Organization: Department of Justice
Collecting DNA from Juveniles in 30 U.S. States, 2009-2010

 This study examined the laws, policies, and practices
related to juvenile DNA collection, as well as their implications for the juvenile and criminal justice systems. DNA evidence proved valuable in solving crimes, which motivated a concerted effort to expand the categories of offenders who provided DNA samples for analysis and inclusion in the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)-operated national database.
State requirements for DNA collection, which initially focused on adult offenders convicted of sexual or violent offenses, expanded to include other categories of convicted felons, convicted misdemeanants, arrestees, and juveniles. In 30 states, certain categories of juveniles handled in the juvenile justice system must now provide DNA samples. The study was designed to explore the practice and implications of collecting DNA from juveniles and addressed the following questions:

How have state agencies, juvenile justice agencies and state laboratories implemented juvenile DNA collection laws?What were the number and characteristics of juveniles with profiles included in CODIS?How have juvenile profiles in CODIS contributed to public safety or other justice outcomes?What improvements to policies and practices needed to be made?

To examine these questions, researchers at the Urban Institute: (1) systematically reviewed all state DNA statutes; (2) conducted semi-structured interviews with CODIS lab representatives in states that collect DNA from juveniles to understand how the laws were implemented; (3) collected and analyzed descriptive data provided by these labs on the volume and characteristics of juvenile profiles in CODIS; (4) conducted semi-structured interviews with juvenile and criminal justice stakeholders in five case study states; and (5) convened a meeting of federal officials and experts from the forensic and juvenile justice committees to explore the broader impacts of juvenile DNA collection.

Tags: crime-laboratories, dna-fingerprinting, juvenile-justice, juvenile-offenders, law-enforcement-agencies, policy, records-management, state-regulations
Organization: Department of Justice
The Historically Black College and University Campus Sexual Assault (HBCU-CSA) Study, 2008

The Historically Black College and University Campus Sexual Assault Study was undertaken to document the prevalence, personal and behavioral factors, context, consequences, and reporting of distinct forms of sexual assault. This study examined campus police and service provider perspectives on sexual victimization and student attitudes toward law enforcement and ideas about prevention and policy. The HBCU-CSA Study was a web survey administered in the fall semester of 2008 at 4 different colleges and universities. The participants included 3,951 undergraduate women and 88 staff from campus police, counseling centers, student health services, office of judicial affairs, women's center, office of the dean of students, and residential life.

Tags: african-americans, alcohol, campus-crime, drugs, minorities, rape, sexual-assault, students
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of the Psychological Effects of Administrative Segregation in Colorado, 2007-2010

The study was conducted to evaluate the psychological effects of long-term administrative segregation (AS) on offenders, particularly those with mental illness. The longitudinal study examined five groups of inmates in the Colorado prison system over the course of one year: inmates in AS at the Colorado State Penitentiary (CSP) with mental illness, inmates in AS at the CSP without mental illness, inmates at risk of AS in the general population (GP) with mental illness, inmates at risk of AS in the GP without mental illness, and inmates at the San Carlos Correctional Facility, a facility for offenders with severe mental illness. Over the course of the study, researchers assessed each group of inmates using 14 psychological instruments, most of which were administered at three month intervals. Of the 14 psychological instruments, 12 were self-reports by inmates, 1 was filled out by mental health clinicians, and 1 was filled out by correctional staff.

Tags: correctional-facilities-adults, inmate-classification, male-offenders, mental-health, prison-conditions, prison-inmates, psychological-effects, psychological-wellbeing, solitary-confinement
Organization: Department of Justice
Police Arrest Decisions in Intimate Partner Violence Cases in the United States, 2000 and 2003

The purpose of the study was to better understand the factors associated with police decisions to make an arrest or not in cases of heterosexual partner violence and how these decisions vary across jurisdictions. The study utilized data from three large national datasets: the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) for the year 2003, the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) for the years 2000 and 2003, and the United States Department of Health and Human Services Area Resource File (ARF) for the year 2003. Researchers also developed a database of domestic violence state arrest laws including arrest type (mandatory, discretionary, or preferred) and primary aggressor statutes. Next, the research team merged these four databases into one, with incident being the unit of analysis. As a further step, the research team conducted spatial analysis to examine the impact of spatial autocorrelation in arrest decisions by police organizations on the results of statistical analyses. The dependent variable for this study was arrest outcome, defined as no arrest, single male arrest, single female arrest, and dual arrest for an act of violence against an intimate partner. The primary independent variables were divided into three categories: incident factors, police organizational factors, and community factors.

Tags: aggravated-assault, arrests, assault, communities, crime-patterns, domestic-violence, intimate-partner-violence, intimate-partners, intimidation, law-enforcement, law-enforcement-agencies, police, police-departments, sexual-assault, spatial-data
Organization: Department of Justice