AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
LBA-ECO TG-07 Ground-based Biometry Data at km 83 Site, Tapajos National Forest: 1997

Changes in the biomass of Amazon region forests represent an important component of the global carbon cycle but the biomass of these forests remains poorly quantified. We examined forest survey data for trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 35 cm from 4 plots with a total area of 392 ha in the Tapajos National Forest near Santarem, Para, Brazil (S 3.04, W 54.95). The average frequency of trees greater than 35 cm DBH was approximately 55 ha^-1. Based on tree diameter data, allometric relations, and published relations for biomass in other compartments besides trees of DBH > 35 cm, we estimated a total biomass density of 372 Mg ha^-1. Trees with diameters greater than 35 cm DBH accounted for about half of the total biomass. This estimate includes all live and dead plant material above and below ground with the exception of soil organic matter. We propagated errors in sampling and those associated with allometric relations and other ratios used to estimate biomass of roots, lianas and epiphytes, and necromass. The major sources of uncertainty in our estimate were found in the allometric relations for trees with DBH greater than 35 cm, in the estimates of numbers of trees with DBH less than 35 cm, and in root biomass. In the worst case, we estimate an uncertainty in this value of about 40%. Simulated sampling based on our full survey, suggests that we could have estimated mean biomass per hectare for trees (DBH greater than 35 cm) to within 20% with 95% confidence by sampling 21 randomly selected 0.25 ha plots in our study area.

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-forest-composition-vegetation-structure
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO TG-08 Soil Gas Flux after Forest and Pasture Fertilization, Rondonia, Brazil

This data set provides nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) flux measurements, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pools, net N mineralization and nitrification rates, and measurements of soil moisture, in response to nitrogen and phosphorus soil fertilization treatments. The research was conducted in a mature moist tropical forest and an 11-year pasture at Nova Vida in Rondonia, in the Brazilian Amazon, in 1998 and 1999. There is one comma-delimited ASCII data file with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-soils-land-surface-phosphorus, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-gas-air, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-nitrogen
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO ND-11 Soil Water Pressure and Flow Measurements under Tree Crops

This data set contains information that can be used to examine water fluxes in soils beneath tree crops in an Amazonian agroforest. The data consists of repeated measurements of soil matrix pressure and soil moisture content at several depths. The study was carried out at the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (Embrapa)-AmazÃƒÂ´nia Ocidental, 29 km North of Manaus, Brazil (3Â° 8' S, 59Â° 52' W, 40 - 50 m above sea level), in 1998 and 1999.Microaggregated tropical soils have shown high water conductivity even under unsaturated conditions in laboratory experiments. It is not clear, however, what depth the infiltrating soil water reaches during storm events under humid tropical conditions. Dynamics and fluxes of water were determined with high temporal resolution to a depth of 5 m in a Xanthic Hapludox of central Amazonia, Brazil. The soil water percolated to a depth of 0.9 m within 2 h of a rainfall event of 48 mm. Water fluxes were significantly slower below 0.9 m (17% of infiltration at 0 - 0.9 m) due to higher bulk densities. Percolation not only started rapidly after a rainfall event when soil water suction reached a certain threshold (ca. 20 - 30 hPa) but was also reduced to background levels less than 1 h after the rain had ended. The demonstrated extremely short-term dynamics of water fluxes have implications for measurement design of water availability and solute leaching in microaggregated tropical soil that require correct time integrals of solution concentrations and soil water dynamics. Measurement intervals of 30 min or less were necessary in our study. Rapid water flows may explain the observed high nutrient losses from the topsoil of microaggregated tropical soil and the large accumulation of nutrients in the deep soil (> 5 m).

Tags: earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-chemistry, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO TG-05 NPP, Carbon Pool, Soil Characteristics, Soil Gas Flux Maps of Brazil

This data set provides maps produced from model output data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (NASA-CASA) model and other modeling approaches. The maps include estimated annual Net Primary Production (ANPP), leaf (live) biomass carbon, wood (live) biomass carbon, fine root (live) biomass carbon, metabolic leaf litter (dead) carbon, structural leaf litter (dead) carbon, woody detritus (dead) carbon, and slow soil carbon, gridded at half-degree spatial resolution for the years 1982-1998, and 2001 (NPP data) for Brazil. Maps are provided at one-degree resolution for monthly soil emissions and soil uptake of N2O, NO, CO, and CH4. In addition, there are maps in 8-km resolution for soil texture, soil carbon, soil pH, soil maximum plant available water (paw), and net primary productivity (NPP). There are three files with this data set in tar.gz format. The files are in half-degree, one-degree, and 8-km resolution. When expanded, the half degree and one degree files contain 83 map files in GeoTIFF (.tif) format. The third file (8-km resolution) contains the soil and productivity maps. When expanded, this file contains 22 files in GeoTIFF (.tif) format.

Tags: earth-science-air-quality-atmosphere-emissions, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-primary-production, earth-science-soils-agriculture-carbon, earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-chemistry, earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-porosity, earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-texture, earth-science-soils-land-surface-carbon, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-chemistry, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-porosity, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-texture, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-water-characteristics-alkal
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO ND-11 Pre-harvest Forest Tree and Liana Biomass, NW Mato Grosso, Brazil: 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine if spatially-explicit commercial timber inventories (CTI) could be used in conjunction with satellite imagery to improve timber assessments and forest biomass estimates in Amazonia. As part of a CTI, all commercial trees >= 45 cm DBH were measured and georeferenced in 3500 ha of a logging concession in NW Mato Grosso, Brazil. A scientific inventory was conducted of all trees and palms >= 10 cm DBH in 11.1 ha of this area. A total of > 20,000 trees were sampled for both inventories. To characterize vegetation radiance and topographic features, regional LANDSAT TM and ASTER images were obtained. Using a stream network derived from the ASTER-based 30 m digital elevation model (DEM), a procedure was developed to predict areas excluded from logging based on reduced impact logging (RIL) criteria. A topographic index (TI) computed from the DEM was used to identify areas with similar hydrologic regimes and to distinguish upland and lowland areas. Some timber species were associated with convergent landscape positions (i.e., higher TI values). There were significant differences in timber density and aboveground biomass (AGB) in upland (6.0 stems ha(-1), 33 Mg ha(-1)) versus lowland (5.4 stems ha(-1), 29 Mg ha(-1)) areas. Upland and lowland, and timber and non-timber areas could be distinguished through single and principal component analysis of LANDSAT bands. However, radiance differences between areas with and without commercial timber on a sub-hectare scale were small, indicating LANDSAT images would have limited utility for assessing commercial timber distribution at this scale. Assuming a 50 m stream buffer, areas protected from logging ranged from 7% (third order streams and above) to 28% (first order and above) of the total area. There was a strong positive relationship between AGB based on the scientific inventory of all trees and from the commercial timber, indicating that the CTI could be used in conjunction with limited additional sampling to predict total AGB (276 Mg ha(-1)). The methods developed in this study could be useful for facilitating commercial inventory practices, understanding the relationship of tree species distribution to landscape features, and improving the novel use of CTIs to estimate AGB.

Tags: earth-science-forest-science-agriculture-forest-harvesting-and-engineering, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-forest-composition-vegetation-structure
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-23 Vegetation Fire Data, Roraima , Brazil: 2003

The ASTER high resolution satellite data are available for visible-near infrared (15m resolution), short wave infrared (30m), and thermal infrared (90m) bands. Two sets of imagery were collected over Roraima state - Brazil covering a strip of approximately 180 X 60 km each on January 19 and 28, 2003. Each date has one prescribed burn and many other opportunistic fires. Data format is ASTER L1B HDF. There is a corresponding *.met file (metadata file) for each hdf file. These files can be opened using any standard hdf viewer, ENVI can recognize the bands and georegistration automatically. The companion document, ASTER_GeoRef_FINAL.pdf, gives a good description of how to georeference ASTER L1B data and to open the files in ERDAS Imagine and also older ENVI versions.

Tags: earth-science-surface-thermal-properties-land-surface, earth-science-surface-thermal-properties-land-surface-land-surface-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO TG-07 Forest Structure Measurements for GLAS Validation: Santarem 2004

This data set provides the results of a GLAS (the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System) forest structure validation survey conducted in Santarem and Sao Jorge, Para during November 2004 (Lefsky et al., 2005). DBH, total height, commercial height, canopy width and canopy class description were measured for 11 primary forest sites in Santarem along two 75m transects per GLAS measurement. For 10 secondary forest sites in Sao Jorge, the number of stems 0-2cm, 2-5cm, 5-10cm, and greater than 10cm were measured. For all stems greater than 10cm the DBH was measured, and for all sites, the maximum height was recorded. The basal area was calculated for all trees with DBH greater than 10cm within our transects, and biomass was calculated using the Brown, 1997 formula.Exchange of carbon between forests and the atmosphere is a vital component of the global carbon cycle. Satellite laser altimetry has a unique capability for estimating forest canopy height, which has a direct and increasingly well understood relationship to aboveground carbon storage.

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-canopy-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-forest-composition-vegetation-structure
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO TG-07 Fallen and Standing Necromass, Tapajos, Cauaxi, Juruena Forests, Brazil

This data set reports the characterization of fallen necromass as the volume and density of coarse woody debris (CWD), and standing necromass as the volume and density of standing dead trees. Measurements were made in undisturbed and logged forest areas of the Tapajos National Forest, and Cauaxi Forest, Para, Brazil, and Juruena Forest, Mato Grosso, Brazil from 2002-2004. Fallen and standing necromass were classified into one of five categories according to its state of decomposition. There are two comma-delimited ASCII data files with this data set: two files contain the sampling information, decomposition state, and DBH measurements. There are also two files provided as companion data files which provide sampling transect descriptions.

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-forest-composition-vegetation-structure
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO ND-11 Stream Carbon and Nutrients, Mato Grosso, Brazil: 2003-2006

This data set contains baseflow streamwater concentrations of pH, specific conductivity, base cations, carbon (dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and bicarbonate alkalinity) and silica for four headwater streams in the seasonally dry Amazon (Johnson et al. (2006a) and Johnson et al. (2006b). Data are provided in one comma-separated ASCII file. This hydrologic study of four headwater watersheds was conducted in an undisturbed forest near Juruena, Mato Grosso in the seasonally dry, southern Amazon. The small catchments range in size from 0.85 to 1.9 ha. Stream water samples were collected weekly during rainy seasons and biweekly during the dry seasons. Baseflow stream water concentrations of base cations, silica, electrical conductivity, DOC, and alkalinity varied inversely with discharge. While there was variation among the watersheds, the concentration-discharge patterns were consistent for each of the four watersheds. Baseflow discharge data are not included in this data set and will be archived separately.

Tags: earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-water-characteristics-alkal, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-water-characteristics-ph, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-water-characteristics-water
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO TG-07 Forest Soil P, C, and N Pools, km 83 Site, Tapajos National Forest

This data set reports phosphorus (P), carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) nutrient pool concentrations for forest soils and roots and P pool concentrations for forest floor litter, soil solutions, and microbial extracts. Soils samples were also extracted using the Hedley sequential fractionation method and the extracts analyzed for P. Nutrient pool concentrations are presented on an areal basis of 1 hectare to a depth of 10 cm, as calculated from soil bulk densities and respective pool biomass quantities. There is one comma-delimited ASCII file with this data set. These measurements were made during a soil P addition fertilization experiment conducted at the km 83 site, Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. Control and fertilized plots were established in both sandy loam and clay soils. Soil cores were collected every 4 months from August 1999 through April 2000 (McGroddy et al. 2008).

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-biogeochemical-cycles, earth-science-soils-land-surface-carbon, earth-science-soils-land-surface-nitrogen, earth-science-soils-land-surface-phosphorus, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-bulk-density, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-carbon, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-nitrogen, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-phosphorus
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO TG-03 Solar Surface Irradiance and PAR, Brazilian Amazon: 1999-2004

This data set includes solar surface irradiance from Kipp and Zonen CM-21 pyranometers, both total unfiltered and filtered (RG695), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from Skye-Probetech SKE-510 PAR sensors. Measurements were made at six sites acrosss the Brazilian Amazon during the period from 1999 to 2004. These sites were co-located with AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) program sites. There are 17 comma-delimited data files (.csv) with this data set. The AERONET program is an inclusive federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks established by AERONET and the PHOtometrie pour le Traitement Operationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) and greatly expanded by AEROCAN (the Canadian sunphotometer network) and other agency, institute and university partners. The goal is to assess aerosol optical properties and validate satellite retrievals of those properties. The network imposes standardization of instruments, calibration, and processing.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-irradiance, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-photosynthetically-active-radiation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO ND-07 Nitric Oxide Flux from Cerrado Soils, Brasilia, Brazil: 2004

This data set reports the results of soil nitric oxide (NO) flux, soil moisture, and soil nitrate (NO3) and ammonium (NH4) concentration measurements on Cerrado soils receiving nitrogen fertilization. Measurements and samples were collected from control and fertillized experimental plots on Cerrado soils within the Ecological Reserve of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistic (IBGE), Brasilia, Brazil. Sampling dates were from March 26, 2004 to November 25, 2004. The soils had received nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization treatments which began in 1998. The objective of this project was to determine the long-term effects of nutrient addition (N and N+P) in native Cerrado area on N oxide fluxes from soil to the atmosphere. There is one comma delimited (.csv) ASCII file with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-nitrogen-compounds-nitrogen-oxides, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-trace-gases-trace-species, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-fertility, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO ND-30 Nutrient Analysis and Gas Fluxes, Forest Chronosequences, Para, Brazil

This data set provides fine litterfall mass and nutrient concentrations from samples collected at chronosequences established at Sao Francisco do Para and Capitao Poco, Para, Brazil. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were determined for litterfall samples from the Sao Francisco do Para, and N, P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations are reported for samples from the Capitao Poco. In addition, carbon (C), N, delta C13, and delta N15 values were determined for leaves from the dominant species of the forests at Sao Francisco do Para; soil physical and chemical characteristics were determined for a subset of the chronosequence plots at the two study sites; and soil trace gas fluxes were determined from the Sao Francisco do Para site. All samples were collected between March 2001-February 2005. Trace gas fluxes were measured 10 times between October 2000 and June 2002 with 5 sample periods in dry season and 5 in wet season months. There are five comma-delimited data files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-trace-gases-trace-species, earth-science-geochemistry-solid-earth-geochemical-properties-isotopes, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-bulk-density, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-chemistry, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-ph, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-carbon, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-litter-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-nitrogen
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO ND-04 Secondary Forest Carbon and Nutrient Stocks, Central Amazonia, Brazil

This data set reports the carbon and nutrient stocks of above-ground vegetation and soil pools at three locations where post-pasture secondary forest recovery ranged from 0 to 14 years since abandonment. These sites are located in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, along the road BR-174 north of the city of Manaus within three fazendas (cattle ranches) now in various stages of grazing, pasture abandonment, or pasture reclamation: Fazenda Rodao (km 46), Embrapa-District of SUFRAMA (DAS) pasture research site (km 53) and Fazenda Dimona (km 72). From September 2000 to July 2001, measurements were obtained for aboveground biomass (cite ND-04 Sec For Recovery), foliage and wood samples were collected and analyzed for total nutrient (C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg) concentrations, and soil samples from 0 to 45 cm depth were collected and analyzed for total nutrient (C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg) concentrations. Total carbon (C) and nutrient stocks were calculated for various vegetation and soil pools to gain an understanding of the dynamics of nutrient and C buildup in regenerating secondary forests in central Amazonia (Feldpausch et al., 2004). There are 2 comma-delimited ASCII data files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-habitat-conversion-fragmentation-human-dimensions-reforestation-revegetation, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-nutrients
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO ND-30 Fractional Cover of Mixed Land Use Ranches, Para and Rondonia, Brazil

This data set contains images of fractional cover estimates of photosynthetic vegetation (PV) canopy, nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV), and exposed soils (S) derived from Landsat images (30-m resolution) obtained for two ranches in the Brazilian Amazon from 1996 to 2002. The Fazenda Vitoria ranch is located in eastern Para near the city of Paragominas and is a mosaic of primary forest, logged forest, secondary forest, and pasture with moderately dissected topography. The Fazenda Nova Vida ranch is located in the state of Rondonia in western Amazonia and is a mosaic of primary forest, logged forest, and pastures. For Fazenda Vitoria, two dry-season Landsat images were obtained, subset, and analyzed. For Nova Vida three dry-season images and one end-of-wet-season image were obtained, subset, and analyzed. Spectral mixture analysis, which decomposes individual satellite pixels into constituent cover fractions of surface materials, was used with a general probabilistic modeling approach to derive subpixel cover fractions of PV, NPV, and S. There are six GeoTIFF (.tif) files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-environmental-governance-management-human-dimensions-land-management, earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration