AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
LBA-ECO LC-07 Validation Overflight for Amazon Mosaics, Raster, 1999

This data set includes high-resolution geocoded mosaics derived from the Validation Overflight for Amazon Mosaics (VOAM) aerial video surveys as part of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere (LBA) Experiment in the Amazon. The VOAM flights were carried out in the wet-season (June) 1999 in the Brazilian Amazon to provide ground verification for mapping of wetland cover in the Amazon Basin conducted by the Global Rain Forest Mapping (GRFM) Project JERS-1 (Japanese Earth Remote Sensing Satellite). Digital camcorder systems were installed in a Bandeirante survey plane operated by Brazil's National Institute for Space Research. The VOAM99 surveys circumscribed the Brazilian Amazon, documenting ground conditions at resolutions on the order of 1-m resolution for wetlands, forests, savannas, and human-impacted areas. Geocoded mosaics were generated by processing the aerial videography into GeoTIFF format, maximizing its usefulness for environmental monitoring applications. Other applications of the VOAM99 videography include acquisition of ground control points for image geolocation, forest biomass estimation, and rapid assessment of fire damage. Geocoded digital videography provides a cost-effective means of compiling a high-resolution validation data set for land cover mapping in remote, cloud-covered regions.

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-savannas, earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-wetlands
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-09 Natural, Infrastructure, and Boundary Features, Amazonian Sites, Brazil

This data set includes 16 zipped archives of shapefiles of cities, rivers and streams, roads, and study area boundaries of several Amazonian study sites: Altamira, Santarem, Bragantina, and Ponta de Pedras, in the state of Para, and 1 site at Machadinho D'Oeste, in the state of Rondonia. Data from Brazil were digitized from Instituto Nacional de Colonizacao e Reforma Agraria (INCRA) maps and other data from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE). These products were prepared in the 2000-2004 time period. The data of creation for the source material is unknown.

Tags: earth-science-environmental-governance-management-human-dimensions-land-management
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-10 Landsat TM Data for Legal Amazon: 1986-1994

This data set includes Landsat TM scenes from across the Legal Amazon region. A single image is provided for each spatial tile, representing the most cloud-free retrieval from 9/21/86 to 9/17/94. All files are in a single directory, including one band-sequential (bsq) file and one database (ddr) file for each scene.

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-14 Biophysical Measurements, Rainfall Exclusion, Tapajos National Forest

This data set reports forest biophysical measurements from a rainfall exclusion experiment conducted at the km 67 Seca Floresta site, Tapajos National Forest, Brazil from 1998 to 2006. The purpose was to observe the potential effects of severe water stress on a humid Amazonian forest (Nepstad 2002). Data are reported for stem inventory, tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and height, dendrometer measurements of tree diameter growth increments, canopy density, leaf area index (LAI), and coarse and fine litter mass. The measurements were made monthly from September 28, 1998 through November 10, 2006. There are six comma-delimited data files (.csv), one text file (.txt), and two companion files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-community-dynamics-community-structure, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-litter-characteristics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-09 Landsat TM and ETM+ Data, Sites in Rondonia and Para, Brazil: 1985-2004

This data set includes 15 zipped archives of rectified .tif format Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+ scenes from near the study sites of Altamira, Santarem, Ponta de Pedras, and Bragantina in the state of Para, Brazil and Machadinho D'Oeste in Rondonia, Brazil. Dates represent the most cloud-free image retrievals from 1985-2004 and are therefore not continuous. These images may be useful to evaluate potential environmental impacts resulting from the establishment of colonization projects in the Amazon.

Tags: earth-science-environmental-governance-management-human-dimensions-land-management
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-07 Wetland Extent, Vegetation, and Inundation: Lowland Amazon Basin

This data set provides a map of wetland extent, vegetation type, and dual-season flooding state of the entire lowland Amazon basin. As described in Hess et al. (2015), the classified image was derived from the Global Rain Forest Mapping Project (GRFM) Amazon mosaics (Rosenqvist et al 2000; Siqueira et al. 2002) acquired during Oct.-Nov. 1995 and May-June 1996, corresponding to the low-flood and high-flood seasons for much of the central Amazon. Hess et al. (2003) mapped wetland extent, vegetative cover, and flooding state for an 18 degree × 8 degree portion of the central Amazon using the dual-season GRFM mosaics. This study extends the previous wetlands mapping to report the first validated estimate of wetland extent, cover, and flooding for the lowland Amazon basin. A wetlands mask was created by segmentation of the mosaics and clustering of the resulting polygons; a rules set was then applied to classify wetland areas into five land cover classes and two flooding classes using dual-season backscattering values. The mapped wetland area of 8.4 × 105 km2 is equivalent to 14 % of the total basin area (5.83 × 106 km2) and 17% of the lowland basin (5.06 × 106 km2). The mapped flooding extent is representative of average high and low-flood conditions for latitudes north of 6 degrees S; flooding conditions were less well captured for the southern part of the basin. The wetlands map is provided in GeoTIFF format using two coordinate systems: unprojected (Geographic) with pixel size of 3 arcseconds, and Albers Conical Equal Area with pixel size of 100 m.

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-wetlands, earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements-inunda
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-07 Water Quality, CO2, Chlorophyll, Lago Curuai, Para, Brazil: 2003-2004

This data set reports (1) concentrations of total, organic, and inorganic suspended solids; dissolved inorganic, and organic carbon; chlorophyll-a and (2) measurements of turbidity, ph, temperature, transparency, conductivity, and calculated carbon dioxide (CO2) in water samples collected from Lago Curuai (Lake Curuai), in the floodplain of the Amazon River south of Obidos, Para, Brazil. Approximately 70 stations were sampled during four phases of the hydrological cycle: receding (September 2003), low (November 2003), rising (February 2004), and high water (June 2004). There is one comma-delimited data file with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-chlorophyll, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-solids-suspended-solids, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-solids-total-dissolved-soli, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-water-characteristics-condu, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-water-characteristics-ph, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-water-characteristics-turbi
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-07 Reflectance Spectra and Water Quality of Amazon Basin Floodplain Lakes

This data set includes bidirectional reflectance (BDR) spectra and water-quality data of floodplain lakes of the Solimoes and Negro Rivers in the central Amazon basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Samples and measurements were collected during July 2000 to August 2000. Bidirectional reflectance factors were recorded, at 3 nm intervals from 400 to 900 nm, concurrently with in situ measurements of water temperature and Secchi depth, and collection of samples for analysis of optically active components including total suspended solids, chlorophyll, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The lakes sampled were in the low-lying varzea of the Solimoes River ("varzea" is the local name for the floodplain formed by the overflow of white-water rivers) and igapo ("igapo" is the local name for the floodplain formed by the overflow of black-water rivers) of the Negro River. There are two comma-delimited data files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-water-characteristics-chlor, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-water-characteristics-turbi, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-water-characteristics-water
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-07 Methane Releases from Two Amazon Hydroreservoirs, Brazil: 2000-2001

This data set reports methane (CH4) fluxes at the water-air interface and concentrations and isotopic signals of CH4 in the bubbles stirred up from the sediment in Tucurui and Samuel reservoirs in 2000 and 2001. Tucurui (deep) reservoir is located near Belem city in the Tocantins-Araguaia basin in the eastern Amazon. Samuel (shallow) reservoir is situated near Porto Velho city in the Jamari River, a tributary of the Madeira River in the western Amazon. Field samples were collected between June 2000 and September 2001. There are two comma-delimited ASCII data files in this data set. This study was carried out to identify differences in methane cycling between deep and shallow reservoirs (Lima, 2005). Isotopic and concentration analyses of methane in bubbles, dissolved in the water column, and emitted to the atmosphere demonstrate that water depth is critical regarding methane emissions from hydroreservoirs in the Amazon. Methanotrophic activities are greater in Tucurui (deep) while light isotopic methane is directly released from Samuel (shallow). Therefore, the methanotrophic layer of the deep reservoir is more efficient in oxidizing methane before reaching the atmosphere, since the quantity of methane in the sediments of the reservoirs were equivalent.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-methane, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-03 Hypsography, Rivers, Roads, and DEM, Four Areas across Brazilian Amazon

This data set provides four related spatial data products for four study areas across the Brazilian Amazon: Manaus, Amazonas; Tapajos National Forest, Para Western (Santarem); Rio Branco, Acre; and Rondonia, Rondonia. Products include vector data showing (1) roads, (2) rivers, and (3) hypsography and (4) digital elevation model (DEM) images that were encoded from the hypsography vectors. There are 15 data files with this data set which includes 12 compressed *.zip files containing ArcInfo shape files and 3 GeoTIFFS. This data set contains vector data showing roads, rivers, and hypsography for each study area in ESRI ArcGIS shapefile format. The vectors were hand-digitized by the Images Company in Brazil from paper maps produced by the Brazilian government. Depending on the scale of the original maps, the digitization errors vary. For some maps, some vectors are missing. Data were manually checked for duplicate or extra vectors. These data sets were derived from several map sheets produced from aerial coverages dating from 1974 to 1978. The DEM images were encoded from the hypsography vectors and are provided in GeoTIFF format. The attribute value associated with each line and point in the vector segment is encoded into the image channel; the image channel is then filled in by interpolating image data between encoded vector data. For each DEM: 1 image channel with pixel resolution = 25m x 25m. DEM images are provided for Manaus, Tapajos National Forest, and Rondonia. The files for Rio Branco were unusable due to a documentation error. DATA QUALITY STATEMENT: The Data Center has determined that there are questions about the quality of the data reported in this data set. The data set has missing or incomplete data, metadata, or other documentation that diminishes the usability of the products. KNOWN PROBLEMS: The data providers note that due to limited resources, these data have been neither validated nor quality-assured for general use. For that reason, extreme caution is advised when considering the use of these data. - Any use of the derived data is not recommended because the results have not been validated. - However, the DEM, vectors, and orthorectified SAR data (related data set) can be used if the user understands how these were produced and accepts the limitations.

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification, earth-science-topography-land-surface-terrain-elevation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-07 Amazon Floodplain Lake Chlorophyll from MODIS, Para, Brazil: 2002-2003

This data set contains chlorophyll concentration maps of the Amazon River floodplain region from Parintins (Amazonas) to Almeirim (Para). These chlorophyll fraction maps were derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance product (MOD09) for 19 months from April 2002 to December 2003. The study was conducted in a floodplain reach upstream from Santarem, Para, in order to assess seasonal changes in phytoplanktonic chlorophyll-a distributions in the floodplain Lake Curuai. MODIS reflectance data were acquired at four river stages: rising (April), high (June), decreasing (September), and low (November). Chlorophyll maps were derived and used to compute the weighted average of chlorophyll concentration from MODIS images in the region. Field measurements of suspended inorganic matter and chlorophyll-a in Lake Curuai were made almost concurrently with satellite overpasses (Barbosa, 2005). The images and the estimated chlorophyll concentrations were compared to measured chlorophyll concentrations at control points for different hydrological states. This data set may be applied to better understand the seasonal dynamics of primary production of the Amazon floodplains. The maps of chlorophyll-a concentration may be used to model spatial and temporal variations of primary production in this region. The monthly chlorophyll-a maps are provided as GeoTIFF files. There are two formats: (1) color-mapped pixels and (2) pixels as chlorophyll-a concentrations. These latter images are not intended for browsing. These images have pixel values that are the chlorophyll-a concentration in mg/m3 and need to be download and opened in GIS software.

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-aquatic-ecosystems-wetlands, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-features-lakes-reservoirs, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-chlorophyll
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Ice Snow Product in Native Data Format

ISCCP_ICESNOW_NAT_1 is the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Ice Snow Product in Native Data Format data set. It is a merged product containing separate snow and sea ice data sets. The values given are fractional coverage for 5-day intervals. Data collection for this data set is complete. The data were collected on a global equal-area grid with the cell area equivalent to 1 degree latitude/longitude at the equator. The grid began at the South Pole with the intersection of the Greenwich meridian (0 degree longitude) and the South Pole as a cell corner. Ice/Snow Data Set contents included 5-day averages of snow and sea ice fractional coverage. Snow is deduced from visible satellite imagery plus ground data while sea ice was deduced from ship/shore and visible satellite imagery, and microwave measurements. ISCCP was the first project of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP), to collect and analyze satellite radiance measurements to infer the global distribution of cloud radiative properties and their diurnal and seasonal variations. These data and analysis products were used to improve the understanding and modeling of the effects of clouds on climate. The ISCCP version of the ice/snow data set included only information concerning fractional coverage. The version actually used in the cloud analysis was changed in two ways: reductions to ice/snow presence and creation of margin zones in the data. The first of these was simply the process of converting the coded parameters in the original data set to code values that indicate only the presence or absence of sea ice and/or snow. The latter process filled in nearby grid cells in the data to indicate proximity to snow or sea ice covered locations. The second change is not included in the archived version of this data.

Tags: earth-science-sea-ice-cryosphere, earth-science-sea-ice-oceans, earth-science-snow-ice-cryosphere-snow-cover, earth-science-snow-ice-terrestrial-hydrosphere-snow-cover
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-07 Monthly Mean Flooded Wetlands Habitat, Central Amazon Basin: 1979-1996

This data set reports monthly mean inundation areas (square kilometers) for four cover classes of Central Amazon wetlands habitat: Open water (OW), river channel (RC) class, macrophyte (MA) class, and a flooded forest (FF) class, which also incorporates a flooded shrub class. The full study area was a 1.77 million km2 quadrant covering the Central Amazon Basin. Inundation was also calculated from three subsets of this area: (1) covering only the Amazon/Solimoes River mainstem and (2) the Eastern and (3) the Western halves of this mainstem area. There is one comma-delimited ASCII data file in this data set.

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-classes, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-features-wetlands, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements-floods, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements-inunda
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-07 Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Balbina Reservoir, Brazil

This data set provides flux measurements of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from surface waters to the atmosphere. It also provides CH4, CO2, and oxygen (O2) concentrations of surface water, and concentrations measured at several depths of the Balbina Reservoir in the central Amazon Basin, Amazonas, Brazil. The Balbina Reservoir was formed by impounding the Uatuma River in 1987. Reservoir surface water samples, bottom water samples, and gas samples from static flux enclosures were collected at 10 to 14 sites at monthly intervals between April and November of 2005, and 6 times in February, 2006. Water samples to determine the vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved O2, CH4, and CO2 were collected during the rainy and dry seasons immediately above the dam between September 2004 and February 2006. Water samples were collected downstream from the dam from July 2004 - November 2005 for analysis of CH4 and CO2 concentrations. There are three comma-delimited data files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-methane, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-gases-dissolved-carbon-diox, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-gases-dissolved-oxygen, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-water-characteristics-water
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-07 CO2 and CH4 Flux from Wetlands, Negro River Basin, Brazil: 2004-2006

This data set provides estimates of daily and monthly carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) diffusive and ebullitive flux for dry and flooded areas from two study sites, Cuini and Itu, in the interfluvial wetlands of the upper Negro River basin, Brazil. CO2 (ebullitive and diffusive) and CH4 diffusive flux measurements were made one day each month from February 2005 through January 2006 in both permanently and seasonally flooded areas. For the remaining days of each month, fluxes were calculated as the mean of the two measurements bracketing that time period, times the area flooded each day. Total site area, dry area, and seasonally varying flooded area estimates for the two wetlands were determined through analysis of synthetic aperture radar data from Radarsat images. From these estimates, the total flux of CO2 and CH4 for the sites was calculated. Values for CH4 ebullitive flux were determined from a constant for each area based on whether the water was rising or falling and the area flooded. Hydrologic measurements were taken from April 2004 through January, 2006. There are three comma-separated (.csv) data files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-gases-dissolved-carbon-diox
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Integrated Multi-Mission Ocean Altimeter Data for Climate Research Version 5.2

The Integrated Multi-Mission Ocean Altimeter Sea Surface Height (SSH) Version 5.2 dataset provides level 2 along track sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) for 10-day cycles from the TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, OSTM/Jason-2, Jason-3, and Sentinel-6A missions geo-referenced to a mean reference orbit. It is produced by NASA Sea Surface Height (NASA-SSH) project investigators at Goddard Space Flight Center and Jet Propulsion Laboratory with support from NASA’s Physical Oceanography program, and was developed originally as an Earth System Data Record (ESDR) under the Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, which supported forward processing and incremental refinements through version 5.1 (released in April 2022).<br> Geophysical Data Records (GDRs) from each altimetry mission were interpolated to a common reference orbit with biases and cross-calibrations applied so that the derived SSHA are consistent between satellites to form a single homogeneous climate data record. The entire multi-mission data record covers the period from September 1992 to present; it is extended to include new observations approximately once each quarter. The previous release (version 5.1) integrated Jason-3 data and applied revised internal tides and pole tide across missions (GDR_F standard). The current release (version 5.2) includes the following revisions: a) GSFC std2006_cs21 orbit for all missions, b) GOT5.1 ocean tide model, c) TOPEX/Poseidon GDR_F data, d) Sentinel-6 LR version F08 data, e) Jason-3 re-calibrated radiometer wet troposphere correction. More information about the data content and derivation can be found in the v5.2 User’s Handbook (https://doi.org/10.5067/ALTUG-TJ152).<br> Please note that this collection contains the same data as https://doi.org/10.5067/ALTTS-TJA52, re-organized into one netCDF file per cycle for convenience.

Tags: earth-science-sea-surface-topography-oceans-sea-surface-height
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration