AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
GPM MHS on NOAA19 (GPROF) Radiometer Precipitation Profiling L3 1 day 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V07 (GPM_3GPROFNOAA19MHS_DAY) at GES DISC

Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07. 3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM MHS on NOAA-19 Common Calibrated Brightness Temperatures L1C 1.5 hours 17 km V07 (GPM_1CNOAA19MHS) at GES DISC

Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07. 1CAMSR2 contains common calibrated brightness temperature from the AMSR2 passive microwave instrument flown on the GCOMW1 satellite. This products contains 6 swaths. Swath 1 has channels 10.65V 10.65H. Swath 2 has channels 18.7V 18.7H. Swath 3 has channels 23.8V 23.8H. Swath 4 has channels 36.5V 36.5H. Swath S5 has 2 high frequency A-Scan channels (89V 89H). Swath S6 has 2 high frequency B-Scan channels (89V 89H). Data for all six swaths is observed in the same revolution of the instrument. High frequency A and high frequency B data are observed in separate feedhorns. All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series (GNATS)

The Gulf of Maine (GoM) is a highly productive shelf sea that constitutes a large part of the N.E. US Continental Shelf. We have run a time series across the GoM for the last 8 years known as GNATS (Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series). It consists of monthly, cross-Gulf sampling on ships of opportunity, during clear-sky days, so that we are assured concurrent measurements from ship and satellite (ocean color, SST). The power of this strategy is seen in our 95% success rate for being at sea during clear, high quality overpasses (randomly, one would expect a success rate of ~10% due to the GoM cloud climatology). We then can extrapolate our large shipboard data set of carbon cycle parameters to regional scales using synoptic remote sensing. GNATS includes a suite of carbon-specific standing stocks and rate measurements (e.g. POC, PIC [calcite], DOC, primary productivity, and calcification) plus hydrographic, chemical and optical measurements. Through coordinated ship/satellite measurements, we can constrain the major carbon production terms of the Gulf, follow their monthly variation using synoptic remote sensing, and regionally tune satellite algorithms. GNATS documents not only marine carbon pools, but it includes carbon supplied from the terrestrial watershed; this is why the Gulf is optically-dominated by Case II waters. We propose to A) continue GNATS, coordinated ship and satellite measurements for another 3 years, B) provide monthly, regional estimates of the standing stock and production terms for the various particulate and dissolved carbon fractions based on satellite ocean color observations and C) perform a statistical comparison of photoadaptive parameters in the Mid-Atlantic Bight and GoM to examine how broadly we can extrapolate these results along the NE U.S. Continental Shelf. Deliverables of this work will be: ship-based quantification of the various components of the carbon cycle in the GoM (standing stocks of POC, PIC, DOC plus primary production/calcification rates), an improved DOC algorithm, tuning of satellite carbon algorithms for the NE Continental Shelf, and documentation of the long- term biogeochemical and ecological changes occurring in the GoM carbon cycle. Quantification of the variability in the composition and concentration of dissolved and particulate carbon over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales is the first step towards understanding the role of coastal ecosystems in the global carbon cycle.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans, earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans, earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM PR and TMI on TRMM (Combined Precipitation) L3 1 month 0.25x0.25 degree V07 (GPM_3CMB_TRMM) at GES DISC

This is the new (GPM-formated) TRMM Combined product, using the GPM algorithms, for the TRMM epoch (December 1997 - April 2015). It replaces the old TRMM_3B31 This is the GPM-like formatted TRMM Combined Precipitation (TRMM Ku radar and microwave radiometer/imager), first released with the "V8" TRMM reprocessing. The corresponding GPM Combined product is archived under the name GPM_3CMB, with beginning date March 2014. Gombined Radar-Radiometer Algorithm performs two basic functions: First, it provides, in principle, the most accurate, high resolution estimates of surface rainfall rate and precipitation vertical distributions that can be achieved from a spaceborne platform, and it is therefore valuable for applications where information regarding instantaneous storm structure are vital. Second, a global, representative collection of combined algorithm estimates will yield a single common reference dataset that can be used to “cross-calibrate” rain rate estimates from all of the passive microwave radiometers in the TRMM and GPM constellations. The cross-calibration of radiometer estimates is crucial for developing a consistent, high time-resolution precipitation record for climate science and prediction model validation applications.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM PR and TMI on TRMM Combined Convective-Stratiform Latent Heating Profiles L2 1.5 hours 5 km V07 (GPM_2HCSH_TRMM) at GES DISC

This is a new (GPM-formated) TRMM product. The equivalent old TRMM legacy product is TRMM_2H31. Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07. Estimating vertical profiles of latent heating released by precipitating cloud systems is one of the key objectives of TRMM, together with accurately measuring the horizontal distribution of tropical rainfall. The method uses TRMM PR information [precipitation-top height (PTH), precipitation rates at the surface and melting level, and rain type] to select heating profiles from lookup tables. Heating-profile lookup tables for the three rain types—convective, shallow stratiform, and anvil rain (deep stratiform with a melting level)—were derived from numerical simulations of tropical cloud systems from the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) utilizing a cloud-resolving model (CRM). The CSH algorithm is severely limited by the inherent sensitivity of the TRMM PR. For latent heating, the quantity required is actually cloud top, but the PR can detect only precipitation-sized particles. Because observed information on precipitation depth is used in addition to precipitation type and intensity, differences between shallow and deep convection are more distinct in the CSH algorithm in comparison with the CSH algorithm.

Tags: earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-dynamics-heat-flux
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM PR on TRMM Reflectivity, Precipitation Statistics, Histograms, at Surface and Fixed Heights, Ascending, 1 day 5x5 and 0.25x0.25 degree V07 (GPM_3PR_ASC) at GES DISC

This a new (GPM-formated) TRMM product. There is no equivalent in the old TRMM suite of products. Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07. This product consists of Ascending daily statistics of the PR measurements at both a low (5 degrees x 5 degrees) and a high (0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees) horizontal resolution. The low resolution grids are in the Planetary Grid 1 structure and include 1) mean and standard deviation of the rain rate, reflectivity, path-integrated attenuation (PIA), storm height, Xi, bright band height and the NUBF (Non-Uniform Beam Filling) correction; 2) rain fractions; 3) histograms of the storm height, bright-band height, snow-ice layer, reflectivity, rain rate, path-attenuation and NUBF correction; 4) correlation coefficients. The high resolution grids are in the Planetary Grid 2 structure and contain mean rain rate along with standard deviation and rain fractions. The grids are in the Planetary Grid 2 structure matching the Dual-frequency PR on the core GPM observatory that covers 67S to 67N degrees of latitudes. The low resolution 5x5 deg grid covers 70S to 70N. Areas beyond the ±40 degrees of latitudes are padded with empty grid cells.

Tags: earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-rate
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM PR and TMI on TRMM Combined Convective-Stratiform Latent Heating Profiles L3 1 month 0.25x0.25 degree V07 (GPM_3HCSH_TRMM) at GES DISC

This is the new (GPM-formated) TRMM product. It replaces the old TRMM legacy TRMM_3H31 Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07. Estimating vertical profiles of latent heating released by precipitating cloud systems is one of the key objectives of TRMM, together with accurately measuring the horizontal distribution of tropical rainfall. The method uses TRMM PR information [precipitation-top height (PTH), precipitation rates at the surface and melting level, and rain type] to select heating profiles from lookup tables. Heating-profile lookup tables for the three rain types—convective, shallow stratiform, and anvil rain (deep stratiform with a melting level)—were derived from numerical simulations of tropical cloud systems from the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) utilizing a cloud-resolving model (CRM). The CSH algorithm is severely limited by the inherent sensitivity of the TRMM PR. For latent heating, the quantity required is actually cloud top, but the PR can detect only precipitation-sized particles. Because observed information on precipitation depth is used in addition to precipitation type and intensity, differences between shallow and deep convection are more distinct in the CSH algorithm in comparison with the CSH algorithm. Monthly Spectral Latent Heating produces 0.25x0.25 degree grid of latent heating profiles from the TRMM PR rain. The grids are in the Planetary Grid 2 structure matching the Dual-frequency PR on the core GPM observatory that covers 67S to 67N degrees of latitudes. Areas beyond the ±40 degrees of latitudes are padded with empty grid cells.

Tags: earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-dynamics-heat-flux
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM PR on TRMM Reflectivity, Precipitation Statistics, Histograms, at Surface and Fixed Heights, Descending, 1 day 5x5 and 0.25x0.25 degree V07 (GPM_3PR_DES) at GES DISC

This a new (GPM-formated) TRMM product. There is no equivalent in the old TRMM suite of products. Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07. This product consists of Descending daily statistics of the PR measurements at both a low (5 degrees x 5 degrees) and a high (0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees) horizontal resolution. The low resolution grids are in the Planetary Grid 1 structure and include 1) mean and standard deviation of the rain rate, reflectivity, path-integrated attenuation (PIA), storm height, Xi, bright band height and the NUBF (Non-Uniform Beam Filling) correction; 2) rain fractions; 3) histograms of the storm height, bright-band height, snow-ice layer, reflectivity, rain rate, path-attenuation and NUBF correction; 4) correlation coefficients. The high resolution grids are in the Planetary Grid 2 structure and contain mean rain rate along with standard deviation and rain fractions. The grids are in the Planetary Grid 2 structure matching the Dual-frequency PR on the core GPM observatory that covers 67S to 67N degrees of latitudes. The low resolution 5x5 deg grid covers 70S to 70N. Areas beyond the ±40 degrees of latitudes are padded with empty grid cells.

Tags: earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-rate
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM PR on TRMM Precipitation Statistics, at Surface and Fixed Heights 1 day 0.25x0.25 degree V07 (GPM_3PRD) at GES DISC

This a new (GPM-formated) TRMM product. There is no equivalent in the old TRMM suite of products. Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07. This is the GPM-like formatted TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) daily gridded data, first released with the "V8" TRMM reprocessing. The daily radar grid data is new for TRMM nomenclature and is introduced for consistency with the GPM Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR). The closest ancestor was 3A25 which was a monthly radar statistics. This product consists of daily statistics of the PR measurements at (0.25x0.25) degrees horizontal resolution. The objective of the algorithm is to calculate various daily statistics from the level 2 PR output products. Four types of statistics are calculated: 1. Probabilities of occurrence (count values) 2. Means and standard deviations In all cases, the statistics are conditioned on the presence of rain or some other quantity such as the presence of stratiform rain or the presence of a bright-band. For example, to compute the unconditioned mean rain rate, the conditional mean must be multiplied by the probability of rain which, in turn is calculated from the ratio of rain counts to the total number of observations in the box of interest. The grids are in the Planetary Grid 2 structure matching the Dual-frequency PR on the core GPM observatory that covers 67S to 67N degrees of latitudes. Areas beyond the ±40 degrees of latitudes are padded with empty grid cells.

Tags: earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-rate
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM PR on TRMM Spectral Latent Heating Profiles L2 1.5 hours 5 km V07 (GPM_2HSLH_TRMM) at GES DISC

This a new (GPM-formated) TRMM product. There is no equivalent in the old TRMM suite of products. Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07. Estimating vertical profiles of latent heating released by precipitating cloud systems is one of the key objectives of TRMM, together with accurately measuring the horizontal distribution of tropical rainfall. The method uses TRMM PR information [precipitation-top height (PTH), precipitation rates at the surface and melting level, and rain type] to select heating profiles from lookup tables. Heating-profile lookup tables for the three rain types—convective, shallow stratiform, and anvil rain (deep stratiform with a melting level)—were derived from numerical simulations of tropical cloud systems from the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) utilizing a cloud-resolving model (CRM). The SLH algorithm is severely limited by the inherent sensitivity of the TRMM PR. For latent heating, the quantity required is actually cloud top, but the PR can detect only precipitation-sized particles. Because observed information on precipitation depth is used in addition to precipitation type and intensity, differences between shallow and deep convection are more distinct in the SLH algorithm in comparison with the CSH algorithm.

Tags: earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-dynamics-heat-flux
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM PR on TRMM Spectral Latent Heating L3 1 month 0.5 degree x 0.5 degree V07 (GPM_3HSLH_TRMM) at GES DISC

This is the new (GPM-formated) TRMM product. It replaces the old TRMM_3H25 Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07. Estimating vertical profiles of latent heating released by precipitating cloud systems is one of the key objectives of TRMM, together with accurately measuring the horizontal distribution of tropical rainfall. The method uses TRMM PR information [precipitation-top height (PTH), precipitation rates at the surface and melting level, and rain type] to select heating profiles from lookup tables. Heating-profile lookup tables for the three rain types—convective, shallow stratiform, and anvil rain (deep stratiform with a melting level)—were derived from numerical simulations of tropical cloud systems from the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) utilizing a cloud-resolving model (CRM). The SLH algorithm is severely limited by the inherent sensitivity of the TRMM PR. For latent heating, the quantity required is actually cloud top, but the PR can detect only precipitation-sized particles. Because observed information on precipitation depth is used in addition to precipitation type and intensity, differences between shallow and deep convection are more distinct in the SLH algorithm in comparison with the CSH algorithm. Monthly Spectral Latent Heating produces 0.5 degree x 0.5 degree grid of latent heating profiles from the TRMM PR rain. The grids are in the Planetary Grid 2 structure matching the Dual-frequency PR on the core GPM observatory that covers 67S to 67N degrees of latitudes. Areas beyond the ±40 degrees of latitudes are padded with empty grid cells.

Tags: earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-dynamics-heat-flux
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM MHS on NOAA-19 (GPROF) Radiometer Precipitation Profiling L2A 1.5 hours 17 km V07 (GPM_2AGPROFNOAA19MHS_CLIM) at GES DISC

Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions are no longer available and have been superseded by Version 07. The "CLIM" products differ from their "regular" counterparts (without the "CLIM" in the name) by the ancillary data they use. They are Climate-Reference products, which requires homogeneous ancillary data over the climate time series. Hence, the ECMWF-Interim (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 2-3 months lag behind the regular production) reanalysis is used as ancillary data to derive surface and atmospheric conditions required by the GPROF algorithm for the "CLIM" output. The GPROF databases are also adjusted accordingly for these climate-referenced retrievals. The 2AGPROF (also known as, GPM GPROF (Level 2)) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM SAPHIR on MT1 (PRPS) Climate-based Radiometer Precipitation Profiling L3 1 month 0.25 x 0.25 degree V06 (GPM_3PRPSMT1SAPHIR_CLIM) at GES DISC

The "CLIM" products differ from their "regular" counterparts (without the "CLIM" in the name) by the ancillary data they use. They are Climate-Reference products, which requires homogeneous ancillary data over the climate time series. Hence, the ECMWF-Interim (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 2-3 months lag behind the regular production) reanalysis is used as ancillary data to derive surface and atmospheric conditions required by the GPROF algorithm for the "CLIM" output. The Precipitation Retrieval and Profiling Scheme (PRPS)is designed to provide a best estimate of precipitation based upon matched SAPHIR-DPR observations. This fulfils in part the essence of GPM (and its predecessor, TRMM) in which the core observatory acts as a calibrator of precipitation retrievals for the international constellation of passive microwave instruments. In doing so the retrievals from the partner constellation sensors are able to provide greater temporal sampling and great spatial coverage than is possible from the DPR instrument alone. However, the limitations of the DPR instrument are transferred through the retrieval scheme to the resulting precipitation products. Fundamental to the design of the PRPS is the independence from any dynamic ancillary data sets: the retrieval is based solely upon the satellite radiances, a static a priori radiance-rainrate database (and index), and (static) topographical data. Critically, the technique is independent of any model information, unlike the retrievals generated through the Goddard PROFiling (GPROF) scheme: this independence is advantageous when generating products across time scales from near real-time (inaccessibility to model data) to climatological scales (circumventing trends in model data). The algorithm is designed to generate instantaneous estimates of precipitation at a constant resolution (regardless of scan position), for all scan positions and scan lines. In addition to the actual precipitation estimate, an assessment of the error is made, and a measure of the ‘fit’ of the observations to the database provided. A quality flag is also provided, with any bad data generating a ‘missing flag’ in the retrieval.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration