AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
SNAP Policy Data Sets

The SNAP Policy Database provides a central data source for information on State policy options in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The database includes information on State-level SNAP policies relating to eligibility criteria, recertification and reporting requirements, benefit issuance methods, availability of online applications, use of biometric technology (such as fingerprinting), and coordination with other low-income assistance programs. Data are provided for all 50 States and the District of Columbia for each month from January 1996 through December 2011.
 
The information in this database can facilitate research on factors that influence SNAP participation and on SNAP's effects on a variety of outcomes, such as health and dietary intake. More specifically, the database can be used to:

- Describe the differences in the State-level administration of SNAP and trends in the adoption of specific State-level SNAP policies,
- Examine how State policies affect household-level participation in SNAP, and
- Estimate the effect of SNAP participation on outcomes such as health and food spending by combining this data with nationally representative survey data. The SNAP Policy Database provides a potentially exogenous source of variation in program participation and can be used in instrumental variables estimation techniques.

Tags: agricultural-economics, policy, snap
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Season-Average Price Forecasts

This data product provides three Excel file spreadsheet models that use futures prices to forecast the U.S. season-average price received and the implied CCP for three major field crops (corn, soybeans, and wheat).

#### Using Futures Prices to Forecast the Season-Average Price and Counter-Cyclical Payment Rate for Corn, Soybeans, and Wheat

Farmers and policymakers are interested in the level of counter-cyclical payments (CCPs) provided by the 2008 Farm Act to producers of selected commodities. CCPs are based on the season-average price received by farmers. (For more information on CCPs, see the ERS 2008 Farm Bill Side-By-Side, Title I: Commodity Programs.) 
 
This data product provides three Excel spreadsheet models that use futures prices to forecast the U.S. season-average price received and the implied CCP for three major field crops (corn, soybeans, and wheat). Users can view the model forecasts or create their own forecast by inserting different values for futures prices, basis values, or marketing weights. Example computations and data are provided on the Documentation page.

#### Spreadsheet Models
 
For each of the three major U.S. field crops, the Excel spreadsheet model computes a forecast for:

1. the national-level season-average price received by farmers and
2. the implied counter-cyclical payment rate.
 
Note: the model forecasts are not official USDA forecasts. See USDA's World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates for official USDA season-average price forecasts. See USDA's Farm Service Agency information for official USDA CCP rates.

Tags: agricultural-economics, crop-models, forecast
Organization: Department of Agriculture
County-level Oil and Gas Production in the U.S.

County-level data from oil and/or natural gas producing States—for onshore production in the lower 48 States only—are compiled on a State-by-State basis. Most States have production statistics available by county, field, or well, and these data were compiled at the county level to create a database of county-level production, annually for 2000 through 2011. Raw data for natural gas is for gross withdrawals, and oil data almost always include natural gas liquids. Note that State-provided natural gas withdrawals were not available for Illinois or Indiana; those estimates were produced using geocoded wells and State total production reported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Information Agency.
 
In the data file, counties with increases or decreases in excess of $20 million in oil and/or natural gas production during 2000-11 are also identified. See the Documentation for more details.
 
Currently, an ERS update to this data product is not planned.

Tags: economy, natural-gas-withdrawals, oil-and-gas-production
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Rural-Urban Continuum Codes

The 2013 Rural-Urban Continuum Codes form a classification scheme that distinguishes metropolitan counties by the population size of their metro area, and nonmetropolitan counties by degree of urbanization and adjacency to a metro area. 

The official Office of Management and Budget (OMB) metro and nonmetro categories have been subdivided into three metro and six nonmetro categories. Each county in the U.S. is assigned one of the 9 codes. This scheme allows researchers to break county data into finer residential groups, beyond metro and nonmetro, particularly for the analysis of trends in nonmetro areas that are related to population density and metro influence. The Rural-Urban Continuum Codes were originally developed in 1974. They have been updated each decennial since (1983, 1993, 2003, 2013), and slightly revised in 1988. Note that the 2013 Rural-Urban Continuum Codes are not directly comparable with the codes prior to 2000 because of the new methodology used in developing the 2000 metropolitan areas. See the Documentation for details and a map of the codes.
 
An update of the Rural-Urban Continuum Codes is planned for mid-2023.

Tags: metro, nonmetro, rural, rural-sociology, urban
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes

The rural-urban commuting area codes (RUCA) classify U.S. census tracts using measures of urbanization, population density, and daily commuting from the decennial census.

The most recent RUCA codes are based on data from the 2000 decennial census. The classification contains two levels. Whole numbers (1-10) delineate metropolitan, micropolitan, small town, and rural commuting areas based on the size and direction of the primary (largest) commuting flows. These 10 codes are further subdivided to permit stricter or looser delimitation of commuting areas, based on secondary (second largest) commuting flows. The approach errs in the direction of more codes, providing flexibility in combining levels to meet varying definitional needs and preferences.
 
The 1990 codes are similarly defined. However, the Census Bureau's methods of defining urban cores and clusters changed between the two censuses. And, census tracts changed in number and shapes. The 2000 rural-urban commuting codes are not directly comparable with the 1990 codes because of these differences.
 
An update of the Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes is planned for late 2013.

Tags: metro, nonmetro, rural, rural-sociology, urban
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Rural Definitions

Note: Updates to this data product are discontinued. 
Dozens of definitions are currently used by Federal and State agencies, researchers, and policymakers. The ERS Rural Definitions data product allows users to make comparisons among nine representative rural definitions. 

Methods of designating the urban periphery range from the use of municipal boundaries to definitions based on counties. Definitions based on municipal boundaries may classify as rural much of what would typically be considered suburban. Definitions that delineate the urban periphery based on counties may include extensive segments of a county that many would consider rural.

We have selected a representative set of nine alternative rural definitions and compare social and economic indicators from the 2000 decennial census across the nine definitions. We chose socioeconomic indicators (population, education, poverty, etc.) that are commonly used to highlight differences between urban and rural areas.

Tags: rural, rural-sociology, urban
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Phytosanitary Regulation

NOTE: This data product is no longer being updated.
This data product identifies which countries, under APHIS phytosanitary rules, are eligible to export to the United States the fresh fruits and vegetables that are most important in the American diet.

Increased trade in fresh fruits and vegetables provides U.S. consumers with a variety of benefits including the possibility of improved nutrition by making these products available year-round. Imports of these products are regulated by USDA's Animal and Plant Health and Inspection Service (APHIS) to reduce the risk of inadvertent entry of pests and diseases that could harm agriculture, public health, navigation, irrigation, natural resources, or the environment.

This data product identifies which countries, under APHIS phytosanitary rules, are eligible to export to the United States the fresh fruits and vegetables that are most important in the American diet. Current data represent country eligibility as of June 2012.  Previous data represent eligibility in June of 2008 through 2011 and in February of 2007. Data on the absolute and relative importance of these countries in international production and trade, individually and in aggregate, are also included. This data product supports the objectives of the Program for Research on the Economics of Invasive Species (PREISM) under which ERS funded research to improve the economic basis of decisionmaking concerning invasive species issues, policies, and programs between 2003 and 2008.

Tags: agricultural-economics, fruits, health, phytosanitary, trade, vegetables
Organization: Department of Agriculture
International Food Security

This dataset is the basis for the International Food Security Assessment, 2016-2026 released in June 2016.  This annual ERS report projects food availability and access for 76 low- and middle-income countries over a 10-year period.  The dataset includes annual country-level data on area, yield, production, nonfood use, trade, and consumption for grains and root and tuber crops (combined as R&T in the documentation tables), food aid, total value of imports and exports, gross domestic product, and population compiled from a variety of sources.

Tags: agricultural-consumption, country-level-food-security, food-aid, food-supply-and-use, grains, imports-and-exports, nonfood-use, roots, trade, tuber
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Population-Interaction Zones for Agriculture (PIZA)

Note: Updates to this data product are discontinued.
The PIZA codes index small geographic areas (the contiguous 48 States divided up into five-kilometer grid cells) according to the size and proximity of population concentrations.

Widespread conversion of rural lands to urban uses has drawn attention at all levels of government. To provide information useful for projections of future changes in land use, ERS has created a system to classify remaining farmland into "population-interaction zones for agriculture" (PIZA). These zones represent areas of agricultural land use in which urban-related activities (residential, commercial, and industrial) affect the economic and social environment of agriculture. In these zones, interactions between urban-related population and farm production activities tend to increase the value of farmland, change the production practices and enterprises of farm operators, and elevate the probability that farmland will be converted to urban-related uses.

Tags: agricultural-economics, land-use, rural, urban
Organization: Department of Agriculture
USDA ERS GIS Map Services and API User Guide

All of the ERS mapping applications, such as the Food Environment Atlas and the Food Access Research Atlas, use map services developed and hosted by ERS as the source for their map content. These map services are open and freely available for use outside of the ERS map applications. Developers can include ERS maps in applications through the use of the map service REST API, and desktop GIS users can use the maps by connecting to the map server directly.

Tags: apis, rest, xml
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Ag and Food Statistics: Charting the Essentials

A collection of over 75 charts and maps presenting key statistics on the farm sector, food spending and prices, food security, rural communities, the interaction of agriculture and natural resources, and more.

How much do you know about food and agriculture? What about rural America or conservation? ERS has assembled more than 75 charts and maps covering key information about the farm and food sectors, including agricultural markets and trade, farm income, food prices and consumption, food security, rural economies, and the interaction of agriculture and natural resources.

How much, for example, do agriculture and related industries contribute to U.S. gross domestic product? Which commodities are the leading agricultural exports? How much of the food dollar goes to farmers? How do job earnings in rural areas compare with metro areas? How much of the Nation’s water is used by agriculture? These are among the statistics covered in this collection of charts and maps—with accompanying text—divided into the nine section titles.

Tags: agricultural-economics, agriculture, charts, food, maps, rural-sociology
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Frontier and Remote Area Codes

Frontier and Remote Area (FAR) codes provide a statistically-based, nationally-consistent, and adjustable definition of territory in the U.S. characterized by low population density and high geographic remoteness.

To assist in providing policy-relevant information about conditions in sparsely settled, remote areas of the U.S. to public officials, researchers, and the general public, ERS has developed ZIP-code-level frontier and remote (FAR) area codes. The aim is not to provide a single definition. Instead, it is to meet the demand for a delineation that is both geographically detailed and adjustable within reasonable ranges, in order to be usefully applied in diverse research and policy contexts. This initial set, based on urban-rural data from the 2000 decennial census, provides four separate FAR definition levels, ranging from one that is relatively inclusive (18 million FAR residents) to one that is more restrictive (4.8 million FAR residents).

Tags: codes, maps, nonmetro, rural, zip-code
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Wheat Data

This data product contains statistics on wheat-including the five classes of wheat: hard red winter, hard red spring, soft red winter, white, and durum-and rye. Includes data published in the monthly Wheat Outlook and previously annual Wheat Yearbook. Data are monthly, quarterly, and/or annual depending upon the data series. Most data are on a marketing year basis, but some are calendar year.

Tags: agricultural-economics, consumption, prices, production, stocks, trade, wheat
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Food Expenditure Series

The ERS Food Expenditure Series annually measures total U.S. food expenditures, including purchases by consumers, governments, businesses, and nonprofit organizations. The ERS Food Expenditure Series contributes to the analysis of U.S. food production and consumption by constructing a comprehensive measure of the total value of all food expenditures by final purchasers. This series annually measures total U.S. food expenditures, including purchases by consumers, governments, businesses, and nonprofit organizations. Because the term expenditure is often associated with household decisionmaking, it is important to recognize that ERS's series also includes nonhousehold purchases. For example, the series includes the dollar value of domestic food purchases by military personnel and their dependents at military commissary stores and exchanges, the value of commodities and food dollars donated by the Federal government to schools, and the value of food purchased by airlines for serving during flights.

Tags: agricultural-economics, expenditures, food
Organization: Department of Agriculture
County Typology Codes

An area's economic and social characteristics have significant effects on its development and need for various types of public programs. To provide policy-relevant information about diverse county conditions to policymakers, public officials, and researchers, ERS has developed a set of county-level typology codes that captures differences in economic and social characteristics.

The 2004 County Typology codes classify all U.S. counties according to six non-overlapping categories of economic dependence and seven overlapping categories of policy-relevant themes. The economic types include farming, mining, manufacturing, services, Federal/State government, and unspecialized counties. The policy types include housing stress, low education, low employment, persistent poverty, population loss, nonmetro recreation, and retirement destination. In addition, a code identifying counties with persistent child poverty is available.

An update of the County Typology codes is planned for 2014.

Tags: county-classifications, economics
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Meat Price Spreads

This data set provides monthly average price values, and the differences among those values, at the farm, wholesale, and retail stages of the production and marketing chain for selected cuts of beef, pork, and broilers. In addition, retail prices are provided for beef and pork cuts, turkey, whole chickens, eggs, and dairy products. Price spreads are reported for last 6 years, 12 quarters, and 24 months. The retail price file provides monthly estimates for the last 6 months. The historical file provides data since 1970.

Tags: agricultural-economics, meat, prices
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Federal Funds

Note: Updates to this data product are discontinued. The underlying data are no longer available.
The data are from the Census Bureau's Consolidated Federal Funds Reports on Federal expenditures and obligations for grants, salaries and wages, procurements, direct payments, direct loans, guaranteed loans, and insurance obtained from Federal Government agencies. ERS screens the data for each Federal program for accuracy at the county level and then presents the data by function and type of program for each county and State. See the complete data documentation for details.

Each file contains Federal outlays by program for each county in the State. County population is also included so that per capita spending can be calculated. Summary of the data for the United States and a ZIP file for all States are also available.

Tags: and-insurance, census-bureau, direct-loans, direct-payments, grants, guaranteed-loans, insurance, procurements, salaries-and-wages
Organization: Department of Agriculture
International Macroeconomic Data Set

The International Macroeconomic Data Set provides data from 1969 through 2030 for real (adjusted for inflation) gross domestic product (GDP), population, real exchange rates, and other variables for the 190 countries and 34 regions that are most important for U.S. agricultural trade. The data presented here are a key component of the USDA Baseline projections process, and can be used as a benchmark for analyzing the impacts of U.S. and global macroeconomic shocks.

Tags: baseline-macroeconomic-assumptions, consumer-price-indexes, gdp, gdp-deflators, gross-domestic-product, long-term-forecasts, per-capita-income, population, real-exchange-rates, real-gdp
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Food Environment Atlas

Food environment factors--such as store/restaurant proximity, food prices, food and nutrition assistance programs, and community characteristics--interact to influence food choices and diet quality. Research is beginning to document the complexity of these interactions, but more is needed to identify causal relationships and effective policy interventions. The objectives of the Atlas are
to assemble statistics on food environment indicators to stimulate research on the determinants of food choices and diet quality, and to provide a spatial overview of a community's ability to access healthy food and its success in doing so.

Tags: food-assistance, food-security, food-stores, geospatial, gis, grocery-stores, health, local-foods, obesity, physical-activity-levels, restaurants, socioeconomic-characteristics, taxes
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Price Spreads from Farm to Consumer

USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) compares prices paid by consumers for food with prices received by farmers for corresponding commodities. This data set reports these comparisons for a variety of foods sold through retail food stores such as supermarkets and super centers. Comparisons are made for individual foods and groupings of individual foods-market baskets-that represent what a typical U.S. household buys at retail in a year. The retail costs of these baskets are compared with the money received by farmers for a corresponding basket of agricultural commodities.

Tags: at-home-foods, away-from-home-foods, commodities, documentation, farm-retail-price-spread, farm-share, food-marketing-system, food-prices, price-spreads
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System

The ERS Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System (FADS) includes three distinct but related data series on food and nutrient availability for consumption. The data serve as popular proxies for actual consumption at the national level. Food availability data are now updated through 2011, the most recent year available; these data are the foundation for the other two series. Loss-adjusted food availability data are also available through 2011 for most products but are preliminary estimates. Nutrient availability data are provided through 2006, as this data series has not yet been updated beyond 2006.

Tags: agriculture, dietary-guidelines-for-americans, dietary-recommendations, disappearance-data, ers, food-availability, food-consumption, food-guide-pyramid-servings-data, food-supply-data, loss-adjusted-food-availability, nutrient-availability, per-capita, usda
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Food Access Research Atlas

The Food Access Research Atlas presents a spatial overview of food access indicators for low-income and other census tracts using different measures of supermarket accessibility, provides food access data for populations within census tracts, and offers census-tract-level data on food access that can be downloaded for community planning or research purposes.

Tags: affordable-food, atlas, census-tracts, food-access, food-deserts, geospatial, gis, low-income, nutritious-food
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Fertilizer Use and Price

This product summarizes fertilizer consumption in the United States by plant nutrient and major fertilizer products—as well as consumption of mixed fertilizers, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients—for 1960 through the latest year for which statistics are available. The share of planted crop acreage receiving fertilizer, and fertilizer applications per receiving acre (by nutrient), are presented for major producing States for corn, cotton, soybeans, and wheat (data on nutrient consumption by crop start in 1964). Fertilizer farm prices and indices of wholesale fertilizer prices are also available.

Tags: consumption, corn, cotton, economic-research-service, farm-pries, fertilizer, fertilizer-price, indices, micronutrients, mixed-fertilizers, nutrients, plant-nutrient, soybeans, united-states, wheat, wholesale-fertilizer
Organization: Department of Agriculture
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Data System

Note: The Food Environment Atlas contains ERS's most recent and reliable data on food assistance programs, including participants in the SNAP Program. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Data System is no longer being updated due to inconsistencies and reliability issues in the source data.
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Data System provides time-series data on State and county-level estimates of SNAP participation and benefit levels, combined with area estimates of total population and the number of persons in poverty.

Tags: benefits, geospatial, gis, population, snap
Organization: Department of Agriculture