AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
COBE-SST2 Sea Surface Temperature and Ice

A new sea surface temperature (SST) analysis on a centennial time scale is presented. The dataset starts in 1850 with monthly 1x1 means and is periodically updated. In this analysis, a daily SST field is constructed as a sum of a trend, interannual variations, and daily changes, using in situ SST and sea ice concentration observations. All SST values are accompanied with theory-based analysis errors as a measure of reliability. An improved equation is introduced to represent the ice-SST relationship, which is used to produce SST data from observed sea ice concentrations. Prior to the analysis, biases of individual SST measurement types are estimated for a homogenized long-term time series of global mean SST. Because metadata necessary for the bias correction are unavailable for many historical observational reports, the biases are determined so as to ensure consistency among existing SST and nighttime air temperature observations. The global mean SSTs with bias-corrected observations are in agreement with those of a previously published study, which adopted a different approach. Satellite observations are newly introduced for the purpose of reconstruction of SST variability over data-sparse regions. Moreover, uncertainty in areal means of the present and previous SST analyses is investigated using the theoretical analysis errors and estimated sampling errors. The result confirms the advantages of the present analysis, and it is helpful in understanding the reliability of SST for a specific area and time period.

Tags: long term mean monthly means of global ice concentration, long term mean monthly means of global sea surface temperature, monthly means of global ice concentration, monthly means of global sea surface temperature
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
CPC Unified Gauge-Based Analysis of Daily Precipitation over CONUS

CPC Unified Gauge-Based Analysis of Daily Precipitation over CONUS at PSD: Gridded Monthly Values. Monthly Values after 2006 are from the real time files (RT)

Tags: daily accumulated precipitation, daily long term mean accumulated precipitation, long term mean monthly average of daily accumulated precipitation, monthly average of daily accumulated precipitation
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
NOAA Global Surface Temperature (NOAAGlobalTemp)

The NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp) is a merged land&ocean surface temperature analysis (formerly known as
MLOST)  It is a spatially gridded (5Â° - 5Â°) global surface temperature dataset, with monthly resolution from January 1880
to present. We combine a global sea surface (water) temperature (SST) dataset with a global land surface air temperature dataset into this merged
dataset of both the Earth's and land's and ocean surface temperatures. The SST dataset is the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature
(ERSST) version 5. The land surface air temperature dataset is similar to ERSST but uses data from the Global Historical Climatology Network
Monthly (GHCN-M) database, version 4.

Tags: long term mean surface air temperature and sst monthly anomaly, surface air temperature and sst monthly anomaly
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) v4

In situ data: ICOADS2.5 before 2007 and NCEP in situ data from 2008 to present. Ice data: HadISST ice before 2010 and NCEP ice after 2010.

Tags: long term mean monthly means of sea surface temperature, monthly means of sea surface temperature
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
NOAA Optimum Interpolation (OI) SST V2

The optimum interpolation (OI) sea surface temperature (SST) analysis is produced weekly on a one-degree grid. The analysis uses in situ and
satellite SST's plus SST's simulated by sea-ice cover. Before the analysis is computed, the satellite data is adjusted for biases using the
method of Reynolds (1988) and Reynolds and Marsico (1993). Monthly data is calculated by interpolating weekly data to daily and then producing
monthly values.

Tags: long term mean monthly means of ice concentration, long term mean of sea surface temperature, monthly mean of sea surface temperature, monthly means of ice concentration, normalized error variance, weekly mean of sea surface temperature, weekly means of ice concentration
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
COBE Sea Surface Temperature

The COBE-SST is a gridded 1x1 resolution SST monitoring dataset. It is used as input for the JMA Climate Data Assimilation System (JCDAS) and the
Japanese 25-year Re-analyses (JRA-25 and JRA-55). It is also used as input for the ensemble prediction systems used in seasonal forecasts. It starts
in 1891 and extends to near present.

Tags: long term mean monthly means of global sea surface temperature, monthly means of global sea surface temperature
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Precipitation Reconstruction (PREC)

The PREC data set is an analysis of monthly precipitation constructed on a 2.5Â° lat/lon grid over the global for the period from 1948 to the
present. The land portion of this global analysis is defined by optimum interpolation of gauge observations at over 17,000 stations collected in the
NOAA/NCDC GHCN Version 2 and the NOAA/CPC CAMS data sets. The oceanic precipitation analysis (PREC/O), meanwhile, is produced by EOF reconstruction
of historical gauge observations over islands and land areas. The EOF modes are derived from EOF analysis of the satellite estimates for later years
(OPI, 1979-1998) with complete spatial coverage. The current version 1.0 is based on the first 8 EOF global modes for each 4 seasons and the first 4
EOF modes of the residual components of the 8 EOF global modes over Atlantic Ocean areas. The climatology is based on time period of 1951-1990 over land and 1979-1998 over oceans.

Tags: average long term mean monthly rate of precipitation, average monthly rate of precipitation
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
CRED REA Fish Team Belt Transect Surveys at Laysan Island, 2002

Belt transects along 3 consecutively-placed, 25m transect lines were surveyed as part of Rapid Ecological Assessments conducted at 3 sites at Laysan Island in September, 2002 NOAA vessel Townsend Cromwell (TC02-07). Raw survey data included species level abundance estimates.

Tags: 1219, biology, biosphere, central pacific ocean, corals, coris_metadata, country/territory, earth science, fishes, hawaii, honolulu, laysan island (25n171w0001), northwest hawaiian islands, northwestern hawaiian islands, numeric data sets, nwhi, ocean basin, pacific ocean, physical - biological monitoring stations, reef fish census, reef monitoring and assessment, tc0207, united states of america, zoology
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST)

The Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) dataset is a global monthly sea surface temperature analysis derived from the
International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset with missing data filled in by statistical methods. The monthly analysis begins in January 1854
continuing to the present and includes anomalies computed with respect to a 1971-2000 monthly climatology. Version 3b
is optimally tuned to exclude under-sampled regions for global averages and does not include satellite data, which were found to cause a cold bias
significant enough to change the rankings of months.

Tags: monthly long term means of sea surface temperature, monthly mean error estimate of sea surface temperature, monthly means of sea surface temperature
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
NOAA Highly Reflective Clouds

Subjectively identified areas of large-scale organized convection over the global tropics (25N-25S) have been gridded daily for a 15-year period from 1971 to 1988.

Tags: highly reflective clouds daily values, highly reflective clouds long term monthly standard deviation, highly reflective clouds monthly mean, highly reflective clouds monthly missing days, highly reflective clouds normalized long term monthly mean, highly reflective clouds normalized monthly mean
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Precipitation Reconstruction over Land (PREC/L)

The monthly data set consists files of  3 resolutions of monthly averaged precipitation totals. The global analyses are defined by interpolation of gauge observations over land (PREC-L) and by EOF recon- struction of historical observations over ocean (PREC-O). Gauge observations are from over 17 000 stations collected in the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN), version 2, and the Climate Anomaly Monitoring System (CAMS) datasets. An OI technique of Gandin was used to assimilate the observations. The mean distribution and annual cycle of precipitation observed in the PREC/L showed good agreement with those in several published gauge-based datasets, and the anomaly patterns associated with ENSO resemble those found in previous studies. All maps are stored using a landmark.

Tags: average long term monthly rate of precipitation, average monthly rate of precipitation, number of gauges in grid cell for average monthly rate of precipitation
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Satellite Tags- Guam/CNMI EEZ

Satellite tagging was implemented in 2013. Satellite tagging is conducted using a Dan Inject air rifle and deployment arrows designed by Wildlife Computers. Two types of tags are deployed. One type is a Wildlife Computers SPOT5-240C tag that collects location and temperature. The other tag type is the Wildlife Computers SPLASH10-292B, which provides location as well as depth, temperature, and light level.

Tags: bottlenose dolphin, cetaceans-satellite tagging, cnmi eez, doc/noaa/nmfs/pifsc, false killer whale, guam eez, melon-headed whale, national marine fisheries service, noaa, pacific islands fisheries science center, pantropical spotted dolphin, rough-toothed dolphin, satellite tag, short-finned pilot whale, small boat, sperm whale, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
NCEP Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS)

The GODAS dataset is a real-time ocean analysis and a reanalysis. It is used for monitoring, retrospective analysis as well as for providing oceanic initial conditions for the CFS. Both temperature and synthetic salinity profiles are assimilated in a 3DVAR scheme designed by Derber and Rosati (1989). 40 vertical levels are in the model together with 1x1 data values (enhanced in resolution to 1/3x1/3 degrees latitude within 10 degrees of the equator). The data is provided at 1/3x1/3 degrees for all latitudes. The GODAS is forced by the momentum flux, heat flux and fresh water flux from the NCEP atmospheric Reanalysis 2.

Tags: geometric depth below sea surface, geometric long term mean depth below sea surface, geometric long term mean vertical velocity, geometric vertical velocity, long term mean geometric depth below sea surface, long term mean sea surface height relative to geoid, momentum flux, momentum long term mean flux, potential long term mean temperature, potential temperature, salinity, salinity long term mean, salt flux, salt long term mean flux, sea surface height relative to geoid, total downward heat flux at surface (downward is positive), total long term mean downward heat flux at surface (downward is positive), u component, u-component long term mean of current, u-component of current, v component, v-component long term mean of current, v-component of current
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
NOAA Interpolated Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR)

Data is interpolated in time and space from NOAA twice-daily OLR values and averaged to once daily

Tags: 2x daily olr, daily longterm mean of olr, daily mean olr, daily olr, long term mean daily mean olr, long term mean monthly mean olr, monthly mean olr, olr longterm monthly means, olr monthly means
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
NOAA Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature

The NOAA 1/4Â° daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (or daily OISST) is an analysis constructed by combining observations from
different platforms (satellites, ships, buoys) on a regular global grid. A spatially complete SST map is produced by interpolating to fill in gaps.
Data starts in 1981 and is updated to near present.

Tags: daily estimated error standard deviation of analysed_sst, daily long term mean sea ice concentration, daily long term mean sea surface temperature, daily sea ice concentration, daily sea surface temperature, daily sea surface temperature anomalies, long term mean daily sea surface temperature, long term mean monthly mean of sea surface temperature, monthly mean of sea surface temperature, monthly mean sea ice concentration, weekly mean of sea surface temperature, weekly means of sea ice concentration
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
CRUTEM4

CRUTEM4 is a gridded dataset of global historical near-surface air temperature anomalies over land. Data are available for each month from January
1850 to present, on a 5 degree grid. The gridded data are based on an archive of monthly mean temperatures provided by more than 5500 weather
stations distributed around the world. Each station temperature is converted to an anomaly from the 1961-90 average temperature for that station, and
each grid-box value is the mean of all the station anomalies within that grid box. As well as the mean anomaly, estimates are made of the
uncertainties arising from thermometer accuracy, homogenisation, sampling grid boxes with a finite number of measurements available, large-scale
biases such as urbanisation and estimation of regional averages with non-complete global measurement coverage.

Tags: crutem4: surface air temperature monthly 2.5 bias anomaly, crutem4: surface air temperature monthly 97.5 bias anomaly, crutem4: surface air temperature monthly anomaly, crutem4: surface air temperature monthly number of observations, crutem4: surface air temperature monthly sampling error, crutem4: surface air temperature monthly station errors
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Palmer Drought Severity Index

PDSI from the Dai dataset. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) is devised by Palmer (1965) to represent the severity of dry and wet spells over
the U.S. based on monthly temperature and precipitation data as well as the soil-water holding capacity at that location. These data consist of the
monthly PDSI over global land areas from 1850 to 2010. Different precipitation/temperature datasets are used in the different files. Update and more
information are available at CGD (Climate and Global Dynamics Division).

Tags: monthly self-calibrated palmer drought severity index using penman-monteith pe
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
CPC Soil Moisture

The monthly data set consists of a file containing 1/2 degree monthly averaged soil moisture water height equivalents for the globe from 1948
onwards. Values are model-calculated and not measured directly. Soil moisture is estimated by a one-layer hydrological model (Huang et al., 1996; van
den Dool et al, 2003). The model takes observed precipitation and temperature and calculates soil moisture, evaporation and runoff.

Tags: long term mean model-calculated monthly mean soil moisture, model-calculated long term monthly mean soil moisture, model-calculated monthly mean soil moisture, percent of grid that is land
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Outgoing Longwave Radiation Daily Climate Data Record (OLR Daily CDR)

The product contains the 1-degree by 1-degree daily mean outgoing longwave radiation flux at the top of the atmosphere derived from HIRS radiance observations onboard NOAA TIROS-N series and MetOp satellites. The OLR retrieval uses multispectral regression models (Ellingson et al., 1989, Lee, 2014). The CDR processing includes HIRS radiance calibration, inter-satellite HIRS OLR calibration, normalization of geostationary-based  OLR retrieval to HIRS, and grid-based 7-day boxcar temporal integration assisted with Imager-based OLR derived from Gridsat CDR data (Lee, 2014).

Tags: daily long term mean outgoing longwave radiation, daily mean upward longwave flux at top of the atmosphere, long term mean monthly mean of outgoing longwave radiation, long term mean monthlymean upward longwave flux at top of the atmosphere, monthly mean of outgoing longwave radiation, monthlymean upward longwave flux at top of the atmosphere, outgoing longwave radiation
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Map Layer: Sargassum Density in the Gulf of Mexico

This map layer includes Sargassum density images downloaded from the University of South Florida Optical Oceanography Labratory.  The images are downloaded and reprojected to display on the HABSOS web map application.

Tags: alabama, atlantic ocean, biological classification, caribbean sea, continent, earth science, florida, gulf of mexico, louisiana, macroalgae (seaweeds), mississippi, north america, north atlantic ocean, ocean, plants, sargassum, sargassum coverage, sargassum density, texas, united states of america
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
2013 Summer Hypoxia Watch Bottom CTD Station Locations

The NOAA Hypoxia Watch project provides near-real-time, web-based maps of dissolved oxygen near the sea floor over the Texas-Louisiana continental shelf during a period that extends from mid-June to mid-July. The NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Mississippi Laboratories at Pascagoula and Stennis Space Center and the NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) began the Hypoxia Watch project in 2001.  Scientists aboard the NOAA Research Vessel Oregon II measure seawater properties, such as water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll, and dissolved oxygen, as the Oregon II cruises the waters south of Pascagoula, MS and then makes its way from Brownsville, Texas, to the mouth of the Mississippi River. A scientist aboard the ship processes the measurements from electronic dissolved oxygen sensors, checks the measurements periodically with chemical analyses of the seawater, then sends the data by FTP to the NCEI approximately every three to four days. Physical Scientists at NCEI  transform the dissolved oxygen measurements into contour maps, which identify areas of low oxygen, or hypoxia. During the cruise, as the data is received from the ship, NCEI generates new maps and publishes them on the web. The first map will usually cover an area off the Mississippi coast, successive maps will add areas of the continental shelf from Brownsville to Corpus Christi, and the final map will usually cover the entire Texas-Louisiana-Mississippi coast. Maps are published every three to four days from approximately June 22 to July 20.

Tags: alabama, anoxia, atlantic ocean, continent, ctd stations, dead zone, dissolved oxygen, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nmfs/sefsc/seamap, earth science, florida, gases, global positioning system, gps, gulf of mexico, hypoxia, hypoxia watch, louisiana, low oxygen zone, mississippi, national centers for environmental information, national marine fisheries service, national oceanic and atmospheric administration, nesdis, noaa, noaa ship oregon ii, north america, north atlantic ocean, ocean, ocean chemistry, oceans, oregon ii, seamap summer groundfish survey, southeast area monitoring and assessment program (seamap), southeast fisheries science center, terrestrial hydrosphere, texas, u.s. department of commerce, united states of america, water quality/water chemistry
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Ship Track for Lost City 2005 - Office of Ocean Exploration

Ship track of the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown during the "Lost City 2005" expedition sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Ocean Exploration, July 17 through August 4, 2005. This track was based on the hourly ship's position from NOAA's Ship Computer System.

Tags: lost city, mid-atlantic ridge, north atlantic, ship locations
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Map Layer: Sea Surface Temperatures from the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) American Seas (AMSEAS)

The The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) operational ocean prediction system for the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean is based on the NRL-developed Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM). The NetCDF files contain ocean temperature, salinity, eastward and northward currents, and elevation, along with the atmospheric forcing fields provided over this domain by a 15 km application of the Navy's COAMPS model. The AMSEAS ocean prediction system assimilates all quality controlled observations in the region including satellite sea surface temperature and altimetry, as well as surface and profile temperature and salinity data using the NRL-developed Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA) system. Boundary conditions are applied from the NAVOCEANO operational 1/8 degree global NCOM.

Tags: atlantic ocean, caribbean sea, computer, earth science, gulf of mexico, models, north atlantic ocean, ocean, ocean temperature, oceans, sea surface temperature
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Methane Seeps in the Northern US Atlantic Margin

These locations of methane seeps in the northern US Atlantic margin were derived from analysis of multibeam and water column data collected during several expeditions of the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer. The results of the analysis were published in a paper titled "Widespread methane leakage from the sea floor on the northern US Atlantic margin" by A. Skarke, C. Ruppel, M. Kodis, D. Brothers, and E. Lobecker.

Tags: methane seeps, multibeam, north atlantic ocean, ocean exploration
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Non-Dive Activities for Estuary to the Abyss 2004: Exploring Along the Latitude 31-30 Transect - Office of Ocean Exploration

Information about non-dive activities were recorded into the Cruise Information Management System (CIMS) by the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration's data manager during the "Estuary to the Abyss 2004: Exploring Along the Latitude 31-30 Transect" expedition, August 20 through September 1, 2004. Information contained in CIMS includes type of activity, start date and time of activity, end date and time of activity, location, activity objectives, location of activity, and technology.

Tags: atlantic ocean, carolina coast, conductivity, ctd, depth, dredge sample, echosounder survey, fathomometer survey, grab sample, hook and line sample, lophelia banks, net sample, north atlantic, northern lophelia bank, south atlantic bight, southern lophelia bank, temperature, trap sample, trawl sample
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Ship Track for Expedition to the Deep Slope 2006 - Office of Ocean Exploration

Ship track of the R/V Atlantis during the "Expedition to the Deep Slope 2006" expedition sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Ocean Exploration and the Minerals Management Service (MMS), May 7 through June 2, 2006. This track was based on the hourly ship's position from the shipboard navigation system.

Tags: gulf of mexico, ship locations
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce