AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
SAFARI 2000 Leaf Area Measurements at the Mongu Tower Site, Zambia, 2000-2002

Data from the LAI-2000 instrument were processed to determine the leaf area index (LAI) at the EOS Validation Core Site in Kataba Local Forest, approximately 20 km south of Mongu, Zambia. Measurements began in 2000 and continued into 2002, with measurements collected about every month throughout the growing season to examine the phenology of LAI for the site. The LAI-2000 measures the intensity of blue light in five upward-looking concentric conical rings. Measurements are made under the forest canopy and compared with open-sky measurements to determine transmittance for each of the five viewing angles. The sensor head was placed at ground level while the sensors measured light levels in conical scans. Effective leaf area was calculated from the transmittance in the different view angles based on the assumption of a random distribution of leaves (Welles and Norman, 1991).The LAI-2000 was carried along three parallel transects, each 750 m long and spaced 250 m apart. Each transect was divided into 25 m segments, and measurements were collected at the endpoints of each segment. Data from all transects were combined to provide site-average LAI for each sampling date. The length and spacing of the transects were chosen to sample an area large enough to be representative of a 1 km MODIS pixel. Ground observations of LAI from this study compared with MODIS LAI products were found to be in close agreement.The data are stored in an ASCII text file, in comma-separated-value (csv) format, with column headers.

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-canopy-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics-leaf-area-index-lai, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-plant-phenology
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 CV-580 Aerosol and Cloud Data, Dry Season 2000 (CARG)

The Cloud and Aerosol Research Group (CARG) of the University of Washington participated in the SAFARI-2000 Dry Season Aircraft campaign with their Convair-580 research aircraft. This campaign covered five countries in southern Africa from 10 August through 18 September, 2000. Various types of measurements were obtained on the thirty-one research flights of the Convair-580 in SAFARI-2000, to study their relationships to simultaneous measurements from satellites (particularly Terra), other research aircraft, and SAFARI-2000 ground-based measurements and activities. The main goals of the University of Washington's Convair-580 research aircraft were to: * Measure the physical and chemical properties of aerosols and trace gases in ambient air, and from various sources, in southern Africa. * Obtain measurements on aerosols, trace gases, clouds, and surface properties for comparisons with simultaneous remote sensing measurements from the NASA ER-2 aircraft and Terra satellite and from SAFARI-2000 ground stations. * Carry out closure studies using in situ and remote sensing measurements made aboard the Convair-580. * Compare aerosol and trace gas measurements aloft at various locations in Southern Africa. * Measure the nature and concentrations of aerosols and trace gases, and their emission factors, in smoke from prescribed fires and non-prescribed fires of biomass in southern Africa. * Measure the spectral albedo and bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) of various surfaces and clouds in southern Africa. * Measure the microstructures of clouds off the Atlantic Coast of southern Africa. * Investigate aerosol-cloud interactions. For a complete detailed guide to the extensive measurements obtained aboard the UW Convair-580 aircraft in support of SAFARI 2000, see the UW Technical Report for the SAFARI 2000 Project [PDF format]. The latest version of this document can be found at the UW SAFARI 2000 Web site [Internet Link], listed in the CARG Publications on SAFARI 2000 section.

Tags: earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-backscatter, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-particle-properties, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-cloud-condensation-nuclei, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-nitrogen-compounds-nitrogen-oxides, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-oxygen-compounds-atmospheric-ozone, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-sulfur-compounds-sulfur-dioxide, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-ultraviolet-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-ultraviolet-radiance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
STAQS AVIRIS-NG-derived Methane and Carbon Dioxide Plumes, 2023

This dataset contains enhanced column-integrated methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) (concentration lengths) acquired from 211 flight lines across North America imaged by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) between June 26 and August 15, 2023 for NASA's Synergistic TEMPO Air Quality Science (STAQS) campaign. Enhanced CH4 and CO2 concentrations were estimated from the L1B radiance measurements using a cluster matched filter approach. This algorithm searches each pixel's radiance spectrum for deviations that are characteristic of a greenhouses gas's absorption spectrum. A total of 177 greenhouse gas plumes were identified and delineated, of which 74 were CH4 and 103 were CO2. The data are provided in GeoTIFF and JSON formats.

Tags: earth-science-air-quality-atmosphere-emissions, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-methane, earth-science-environmental-impacts-human-dimensions-industrial-emissions
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 MAPSS MOD05_L2 Water Vapor Summary Data for Southern Africa

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Atmosphere Group develops remote-sensing algorithms for deriving sets of atmospheric parameters from MODIS radiance data. These parameters can be integrated into conceptual and predictive global models. MODIS Atmosphere Products Subset Statistics (MAPSS) are generated over important locations around the world, as one of the ways to increase the scope of application of the MODIS atmospheric parameters. This MAPSS data set contains daily time series of the MODIS MOD05_L2 water vapor product over seventeen (17) AERONET sunphotometer measurement sites in southern Africa for the period February 24, 2000, through March 4, 2002. The process of generating the statistics involves identifying these locations on the MODIS MOD05_L2 product, extracting the values of the pixel corresponding to each coordinate point as well as surrounding pixels falling within a 50 x 50 km box centered on the coordinate point. The data product consists of column water-vapor amounts. During the daytime, a near-infrared algorithm is applied over clear land areas of the globe and above clouds over both land and ocean. Over clear ocean areas, water-vapor estimates are provided over the extended glint area. An infrared algorithm for deriving atmospheric profiles is also applied both day and night for Level 2. The data files are stored as ASCII tables in comma-separated-value (.csv) format. There is one file per site per year for each of the following two variables: total column precipitable water vapor (infrared retrieved) and total column precipitable water vapor (near-infrared retrieved).

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-total-precipitable-wate, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-water-vapor, earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-reflected-infrared
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Leaf Area Index and Canopy Structure, Kalahari Transect, 1999-2000

Data from the Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies (TRAC) instrument were collected at five sites along the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) Kalahari Transect, including Mongu in Zambia and Pandamatenga, Maun, Okwa River Crossing, and Tshane in Botswana, during the 2000 wet season field campaign (March-April) of SAFARI 2000. At the Mongu site, TRAC measurements began in August of 1999 and continued beyond the 2000 wet season field campaign, about every month for the rest of 2000.The TRAC instrument contains pyranometers that are sensitive to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at 400-700 nm. The TRAC measures the PAR flux transmitted through the overstory canopy continuously at 32 Hz. The parameters derived from the TRAC instrument include estimates of plant or leaf area index (PAI, LAI), overstory gap fraction, and clumping index.At each site, the TRAC instrument was carried along three parallel transects, each 750 m long and spaced 250 m apart. Measurements were made every 25 m along the transects. The length and spacing of the transects were chosen to sample an area large enough to be representative of a 1 km MODIS pixel.The data files are stored as ASCII text files, one file per transect, site, and date, with column headers. There are also summary files (ASCII text) containing mean values of each derived parameter over an entire transect for each collection date.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-transmittance, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-canopy-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics-leaf-area-index-lai, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-photosynthetically-active-radiation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Standard Deviation of Monthly Frequency of Dust Storm over Land for Varying Intensities, Based on MODIS Aqua Deep Blue Level 2 Aerosol Products MYD04_L2 Collection 6.1, on a Global 0.1 by 0.1 Degree Grid, Level 3 Version 1 (MYDFDS_SDV_GLB_L3) at GES DISC

Version 1 is the current version of the dataset. This collection MYDFDS_SDV_GLB_L3 provides level 3 standard deviation of climatological monthly frequency of dust storms (FDS) over land from 175°W to 175°E and 80°S to 80°N at a spatial resolution of 0.1˚ x 0.1˚. It is derived from Level 2, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue aerosol products Collection 6.1 from Aqua (MYD04_L2). The dataset is the standard deviation of climatological monthly mean for each month over 2003 to 2022. The FDS is calculated as the number of days per month when the daily dust optical depth is greater than a threshold optical depth (e.g., 0.025) with two quality flags: the lowest (1) and highest (3). It is advised to use flag 1, which is of lower quality, over dust source regions, and flag 3 over remote areas or polluted regions. Eight thresholds (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2) are saved separately in eight files. If you have any questions, please read the README document first and post your question to the NASA Earthdata Forum (forum.earthdata.nasa.gov) or email the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov).

Tags: earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-optical-depth-thickness, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-dust-ash-smoke
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
RSS SSMIS OCEAN PRODUCT GRIDS WEEKLY AVERAGE FROM DMSP F16 NETCDF V7

The RSS SSMIS Ocean Product Grids Weekly Average from DMSP F16 netCDF dataset is part of the collection of Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) data products produced as part of NASA's MEaSUREs Program. Remote Sensing Systems generates SSM/I and SSMIS binary data products using a unified, physically based algorithm to simultaneously retrieve ocean wind speed, water vapor, cloud water, and rain rate. The SSMIS data have been carefully intercalibrated to the brightness temperature level of the previous SSM/I and therefore extend this important time series of ocean winds, vapor, cloud and rain values. This algorithm is a product of 20 years of refinements, improvements, and verifications. The Global Hydrology Resource Center has reformatted the binary data into a netCDF data product for each temporal group for each satellite. The netCDF SSMI/SSMIS collection will be available for F16 for a weekly average.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-water-vapor, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds, earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-microphysics-cloud-liquid-water-ice, earth-science-ocean-winds-oceans-surface-winds, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-liquid-precipitation-rain, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-rate
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Meteorological Tower Measurements, Kruger National Park, 2000-2002

An eddy covariance system mounted on a tower near the Skukuza Camp in Kruger National Park, South Africa, has been operating continuously since early 2000. Meteorological measurements started in February 2000, and the first flux measurements were made in April 2000. The site is unique in that the micrometeorological instruments are positioned on a tower located between two distinct savanna types, a broad-leafed Combretum savanna and a fine-leafed Acacia savanna. These contrasting savanna types are found on soils of differing texture, water holding capacity, and nutrient status, and are characterized by different physical structure, physiology, and phenology. It was expected that the tower placement and prevailing wind directions would allow for the sampling of net ecosystem fluxes from both of these ecosystems. Measurements on the main eddy covariance tower include net ecosystem exchange of CO2, water, and energy, and measurements of a range of meteorological variables with 30-minute averaging period. Additional continuous measurements in both adjacent savanna systems include soil heat flux, soil moisture and soil temperature profiles (from the soil surface to bedrock), and canopy profiles of CO2 concentration, humidity, and air temperature. Intermittent measurements include soil surface CO2 flux and spatially-distributed soil moisture and soil temperature.The data files contain 30-minute averages from instrumentation mounted on the Skukuza tower from 2000-2002. The data files are stored as ASCII table files, one file per year, in comma-separated-value (.csv) format, with column headers.Additional information about the meteorological and flux measurements can be found at: http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/projects/kruger/ and in the companion file at: ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/safari2k/climate_meteorology/knp_met/comp/knp_met_readme.pdf.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-atmospheric-pressure-measurements, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-incoming-solar-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-shortwave-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-photosynthetically-active-radiation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Modeled Fuel Load in Southern Africa, 1999-2000

This data set contains global, spatially explicit (1 km2 grid cells) and temporally explicit (semi-monthly) modeled output of fuel loads over southern Africa. The fuel types considered in the data set are litter (dead tree leaves), dead grass, green grass, and small-diameter twigs. The Production Efficiency Model (PEM) was used to produce the estimated fuel loads for southern Africa for the 1999-2000 growing seasons. In order to accommodate the southern African growing season, which spans October to May, the PEM was run on twenty-four 15-day intervals from September 1, 1999 to August 31, 2000. The fuel load model was calibrated from measurements recorded in 1996 along the Kalahari Transect, and has been verified from independent site measurements of fuel loads recorded during the SAFARI 2000 dry season field campaign in August and September of 2000 (Alleaume et al., 2003, Hely et al., 2003a) as well as other past campaigns.This data set consists of gridded binary image files. The single-byte images have a 1 km resolution and the grid is 3900 columns by 4800 rows in size. There are 24 files each for litter, dead grass, and green grass fuel loads, and a single file for the twig fuel loads. For the latter, small twigs (less than 1cm in diameter) are calculated from the tree cover percentage (UMD Tree Cover from Hansen et al., 2000) using an empirical relationship (Alleaume et al., 2003). Therefore, this fuel type is a constant throughout the year.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-processes-evapotranspiration, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-primary-production, earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-grasslands, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-herbivory, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-litter-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-photosynthetically-active-radiation, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Organic Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Data (Zinke et al.)

The data set contains a subset of the Worldwide Organic Soil Carbon and Nitrogen (Zinke et al. 1986) data set for southern Africa. The data were obtained from soil surveys by Zinke and soil survey literature. The main samples for laboratory analyses were collected at uniform soil increments and included bulk density determinations. Many samples reported in the literature did not have uniform soil increments or bulk density determinations. Only soil profiles that had been sampled either to a meter in depth or to actual depth were included in this data base from soil survey literature. In literature where bulk densities were absent, densities were estimated by regressions based on organic carbon content of the soil samples associated with the profile using 1800 soil profiles for which bulk densities were known. More information can be found at: ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/safari2k/soils/Zinke_soil/comp/zinke_readme.pdf.

Tags: earth-science-soils-land-surface-carbon, earth-science-soils-land-surface-nitrogen
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Standard Deviation of Monthly Frequency of Dust Storm over Land for Varying Intensities, Based on MODIS Terra Deep Blue Level 2 Aerosol Products MOD04_L2 Collection 6.1, on a Global 0.1 by 0.1 Degree Grid, Level 3 Version 1 (MODFDS_SDV_GLB_L3) at GES DISC

Version 1 is the current version of the dataset. This collection MODFDS_SDV_GLB_L3 provides level 3 standard deviation of climatological monthly frequency of dust storms (FDS) over land from 175°W to 175°E and 80°S to 80°N at a spatial resolution of 0.1˚ x 0.1˚. It is derived from Level 2, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue aerosol products Collection 6.1 from Terra (MOD04_L2). The dataset is the standard deviation of climatological monthly mean for each month over 2000 to 2022. The FDS is calculated as the number of days per month when the daily dust optical depth is greater than a threshold optical depth (e.g., 0.025) with two quality flags: the lowest (1) and highest (3). It is advised to use flag 1, which is of lower quality, over dust source regions, and flag 3 over remote areas or polluted regions. Eight thresholds (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2) are saved separately in eight files. If you have any questions, please read the README document first and post your question to the NASA Earthdata Forum (forum.earthdata.nasa.gov) or email the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov).

Tags: earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-optical-depth-thickness, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-dust-ash-smoke
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
RLC Forest Fire Images in Russia, 1998-1999

This data set is made up of images of forest fires in Russia from NOAA's Operational Significant Event Imagery (OSEI) archive (http://www.osei.noaa.gov) for the 1998 and 1999 seasons. OSEI fire products include multichannel color composite imagery of wildfire and controlled burn events. Products in this event group show fire, smoke, and hotspots (FSMHS) from the fires.

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-fire-ecology-fire-occurrence
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Modeled Tropospheric Air Mass Trajectories, Dry Season 2000

The ETA Forecast Trajectory Model was used to produce forecasts of air-parcel trajectories twice a day at three pressure levels over seven sites in Southern Africa for the period August 14, 2000 to September 23, 2000. These sites are Durban, Middleburg, Pietersburg, and Springbok, South Africa; Maun, Botswana; Mongu, Zambia; and Windhoek, Namibia. The twice daily three-dimensional wind field (at 0000 and 1200 UTC) was used as input to the trajectory model. By integrating the vertical motion of the air parcels over a period of time, the trajectory model was able to forecast the net vertical displacement of air parcels during 12-hour periods. The resulting trajectory plots represent the three-dimensional transport of air in time and can be used to examine what is happening in the low-to-mid troposphere during flight and ground-based observations. These levels are most significant in terms of the thermodynamic structure of the troposphere, especially the stable layers and accumulation of material between and below them, as well containing the major levels of subsidence over the subcontinent. The trajectory model output and thermodynamic profiles of the troposphere were used to position aircraft for sampling trace gases, aerosols and other species during the SAFARI 2000 field campaign and to predict regions of high aerosol and trace gas concentrations downwind.The model output data are daily forward and backward trajectory plots at 850 hPa, 700 hPa, and 500 hPa pressure levels for each location. The plots are provided as JPEG images with coordinate, date, and time stamps.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-upper-level-winds-flight-level-winds
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 MOPITT Tropospheric Carbon Monoxide, Southern Africa, Dry Season 2000

The MOPITT (Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere) instrument on the NASA Terra Satellite makes measurements of infrared radiation originating from the surface of the planet and isolates the energy being radiated from carbon monoxide (CO). By using appropriate data analysis techniques, concentration profiles of CO (Level-2 (L2) data) can be obtained on a global basis at a reasonably high horizontal (~22km) and vertical resolution (~3km).The MOPITT Level-3 (L3) data products provided in this data set are a subset of the daily averages from the L2 data. This subset was produced by overlaying a global 1x1-degree grid onto the L2 data, and then clipping the data to this southern Africa subset which originates at 5 degrees longitude and -35 degrees latitude and extends to 60 degrees longitude and 35 degrees latitude. Data are reported for 2 heights, 700 and 350 hPa, from daytime swaths for the period August 1-September 30, 2000, the SAFARI 2000 Dry Season Campaign.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration