AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Use of Force by the Montgomery County, Maryland Police Department, 1993-1999

This study was designed to describe the types and amount of
force used by and against the police in Montgomery County, Maryland,
for the seven years between January 1993 and December 1999. The
researchers collected data from the Montgomery County Police
Department's Use of Force Reports and arrest records for this time
period. Part 1 contains data obtained from the Use of Force Reports,
including information about the characteristics of the force used,
injuries and medical treatment, characteristics of the officer and
citizen involved, and the time and date of the incident. Part 2
contains data from the arrest records, including variables for
location, time, and date of the arrest, the most serious charge, and
demographic characteristics of the officer and arrestee. Part 3
contains aggregate data, including rate of force by different arrest
characteristics, that were derived from the data in Parts 1 and 2.

Tags: arrests, police-reports, police-use-of-force
Organization: Department of Justice
Validation of the Los Angeles County [California] Probation Department's Risk and Needs Assessment Instruments, 1997-1999

In 1996, the Los Angeles County Probation Department
developed a set of six instruments to better assess offender risks and
needs. Each instrument was intended to serve a specific purpose, with
separate instruments used for adult and juvenile populations and
release and placement decisions. The instruments were to be completed
by probation staff. These instruments were tested in a pilot project
by probation field staff in 1997. The probation department then asked
RAND to re-examine the six instruments for instrument integrity, use
of overrides, and relationship to long-term recidivism outcomes. The
probation department's research staff had completed the instruments
between April and December 1997 using available reports and case file
information. RAND's involvement in the study began after all samples
had been selected and instruments completed. The probation department
gave RAND the data on instrument scores. Recidivism data were gathered
at 6, 12, and 18 months after the instruments' administration. For
juveniles data on the nature and date of arrest were available from
the Juvenile Automated Information files. Data on adult re-arrests
were unavailable, but the Adult Probation System provided the date,
nature, and disposition of offenses referred to probation.

Tags: adult-offenders, alcohol-consumption, arrests, drug-use, gang-members, imprisonment, juvenile-offenders, juvenile-sentencing, needs-assessment, offenders, probation, recidivism, risk-assessment
Organization: Department of Justice
Outcome Evaluation of the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) Program for State Prisoners in Massachusetts, 1999-2002

This study was an outcome evaluation of the Residential
Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) program at the Barnstable House of
Corrections in Massachusetts. The study is based on the 188 inmates
referred to the RSAT program at Barnstable between January 1, 1999,
and June 6, 2001. Data on participants' criminal histories were
gathered from the Criminal History Systems Board through March
2002. Data on offender age, entry, and discharge dates were supplied
by the Barnstable County House of Corrections. Data from offender
scores on psychological inventories and offender outcomes in the RSAT
program were supplied by AdCare Criminal Justice Services.

Tags: addiction, adjustment, aftercare, crime, inmate-programs, inmates, outcome-evaluation, recidivism, rehabilitation, residential-programs
Organization: Department of Justice
Multi-Method Study of Police Special Weapons and Tactics Teams in the United States, 1986-1998

This research study was designed to pursue three specific
 goals to accomplish its objective of enhancing knowledge about Special
 Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams and the role they play in
 contemporary American policing. The first goal was to develop a better
 picture of the structure and nature of SWAT teams in American law
 enforcement. The second goal of the research project was to increase
 the amount of knowledge about how SWAT teams prepare for and execute
 operations. The project's third goal was to develop information about
 one specific aspect of SWAT operations: the use of force, especially
 deadly force, by both officers and suspects. To gather this
 information, the SWAT Operations Survey (SOS) was conducted. This was a
 nationwide survey of law enforcement agencies with 50 or more sworn
 officers. The survey sought information about the agencies' emergency
 response capabilities and structures. The SOS included two
 instruments: (1) the Operations Form, completed by a total of 341
 agencies, and containing variables about the organization and
 functioning of SWAT teams, and (2) the Firearms Discharge Report,
 which includes a total of 273 shootings of interest, as well as items
 about incidents in which SWAT officers and suspects discharged
firearms during SWAT operations.

Tags: crisis-intervention, law-enforcement-agencies, organizational-structure, police-effectiveness, police-performance, police-response, police-training, police-use-of-deadly-force, police-use-of-force
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of the Los Angeles County Juvenile Drug Treatment Boot Camp, 1992-1998

This study was an evaluation of the Los Angeles County Drug
 Treatment Boot Camp (DTBC). This site was selected because it was one
 of the earliest boot camps in the nation designed specifically for
 juvenile offenders. The program enrolled only male offenders between
 the ages of 16 and 18, who were either documented or alleged drug
 users with sustained petitions by the juvenile courts for non-violent
 and non-sex offenses. The main goal of the study was to use a
 combination of official and self-report measures to assess the
 effectiveness of the DTBC as a correctional model for juvenile
 offenders with a focus on their substance-abusing behavior. The study
 consisted of three independent data collection components: (1) a
 comparison of official recidivism rates between matched boot camp
 graduates and non-boot camp graduates over a five-year observation
 period (Part 1, Official Records Data for Matched Samples), (2) a
 cross-sectional comparison of self-reports between boot camp and
 non-boot camp graduates over a 12-month observation period (Part 2,
 Twelve-Month Self-Report Data), and (3) a pre- and post-test of a boot
 camp cohort over a six-month observation period (Part 3, Pre- and
 Post-Test Self-Report Data). Part 1 variables include camp entry and
 exit dates, sustained petition for camp entry, prior arrests, age at
 first arrest, most serious charge at first arrest, number of post-camp
 arrests, most serious charge for post-camp arrests, and number of
 probation violations post-camp. For Parts 2 and 3, the study utilized
 the well-established International Self-Report Delinquency
 questionnaire to assess the youths' post-camp delinquent
 activities. The instrument contained measures on (1) the types of
 crimes committed during a specified time frame, (2) the frequency of
 these delinquent acts, (3) the onset of each admitted offense, (4) the
 circumstances of the incidents, and (5) a set of sociodemographic
 variables including attitudes toward school and work, living
 arrangement, and circle of friends. Demographic variables include
age, ethnicity, and country of birth.

Tags: aftercare, criminal-justice-programs, drug-treatment, inmate-attitudes, juvenile-offenders, program-evaluation, recidivism, shock-incarceration-programs, substance-abuse-treatment, treatment-outcomes
Organization: Department of Justice
Process Evaluation of the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) Program at the South Idaho Correctional Institution, 1999-2000

This study is a process evaluation of a Residential
Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) program at the South Idaho
Correctional Institution (SICI), addressing the following research
questions: (1) Did the SICI RSAT program as delivered conform with its
stated goals and objectives? (2) Did the program result in reduced
recidivism, abstinence from drug and alcohol use, and reduced costs of
incarceration? (3) Did the referral process identify the targeted
population? (4) Would the SICI RSAT data, management, staffing, and
design be suitably established within two years to allow for a full
outcome evaluation? (5) Were there communication issues among the
IDOC, Parole Commission, and contract providers that might interfere
with program implementation and delivery? and (6) Were there any
cooperative remedies that had been, or might be developed to address
implementation and delivery difficulties? Researchers conducted field
observations (Part 1, Observational Data) of program delivery by
program leaders using both the Cognitive Change Program Module and the
Minnesota Model-Based Chemical Dependency Treatment Modules in each of
the three phases of the therapeutic community environment. Researchers
administered questionnaires to inmates (Part 2, Inmate Interview Data)
and staff (Part 3, Staff Interview Data) regarding their perceptions
of program operations. Variables for Part 1 include the date and time
of observation, nature of observation, clarity, organization, and
substance of program delivery, the program leader's involvement and
the quality of that involvement with inmates, how prepared the program
leader was, and the general therapeutic atmosphere of the
program. Demographic variables for Part 2 include the race, age,
ethnicity, and level of education of each inmate. Other variables
include use of alcohol and illegal drugs prior to incarceration,
inmates' perceptions of the treatment personnel, their levels of
involvement with the group meetings and cognitive self-change groups,
the atmosphere of therapy, ratings of communication and delivery of
treatment, quality of service, and the strengths and weaknesses of the
RSAT program. Variables for Part 3 include staff's perceptions of the
RSAT program and whether they felt the program content and delivery
were well organized and easy to understand, perceptions of the program
leader's preparation and involvement, perceptions of communication and
consistency issues, the quality of service, and the strengths and
weaknesses of the RSAT program.

Tags: correctional-facilities, drug-treatment, process-evaluation, residential-programs, substance-abuse, substance-abuse-treatment, treatment-facilities, treatment-outcomes, treatment-programs
Organization: Department of Justice
Police Use of Force in Metro-Dade, Florida, and Eugene and Springfield, Oregon, 1993-1995

This study gathered data on police use of force in
 Metro-Dade, Florida, and Eugene and Springfield, Oregon. The study
 differed from previous research in that it addressed the level of
 force used by the police relative to the suspect's level of
 resistance. The data for Metro-Dade (Part 1) were collected from
 official Metro-Dade Police Department Control of Persons Reports from
 the last quarter of 1993 and all of 1994 and 1995. The Eugene and
 Springfield dataset (Part 2) was created from items in the Police
 Officers' Essential Physical Work Report Form, which was completed by
 members of the Eugene and Springfield, Oregon, Police Departments
 during April 1995. The dataset includes all police-citizen contacts,
 rather than being limited to the use-of-force situations captured by
 the Metro-Dade data. In Part 1 (Metro-Dade Data), information on the
 subject includes impairment (i.e., alcohol and drugs), behavior
 (i.e., calm, visibly upset, erratic, or highly agitated), level of
 resistance used by the subject, types of injuries to the subject, and
 types of force used by the subject. Information on the officer
 includes level of force used, medical treatment, and injuries. Other
 variables include ethnic match between officer and the subject and
 relative measures of force. Demographic variables include age,
 gender, race, and ethnicity of both the subject and the officer. In
 Part 2 (Oregon Data), information is provided on whether the officer
 was alone, how work was initiated, elapsed time until arrival,
 reasons for performance, perceived mental state and physical
 abilities of the suspect, amount and type of resistance by the
 suspect, if another officer assisted, perceived extent of effort used
 by the suspect, type of resistance used by the suspect, if the
 officer was knocked or wrestled to the ground, if the officer
 received an injury, level of effort used to control the suspect,
 types of control tactics used on the suspect, whether the officer was
 wearing tactical gear, how restraint devices were applied to inmate,
 time taken to get to, control, resolve, and remove the problem, how
 stressful the lead-up time or the period following the incident was,
 if the officer worked with a partner, types of firearm used, and if
 force was used. Demographic variables include age, gender, weight,
 and height of both the suspect and officer, and the officer's duty
position.

Tags: arrest-procedures, arrests, assaults-on-police, police-citizen-interactions, police-officers, police-performance, police-use-of-force
Organization: Department of Justice
Police Response to Street Gang Violence in California:  Improving the Investigative Process, 1985

This data collection examines gang and non-gang homicides as 
 well as other types of offenses in small California jurisdictions. Data 
 are provided on violent gang offenses and offenders as well as on a 
 companion sample of non-gang offenses and offenders. Two separate data 
 files are supplied, one for participants and one for incidents. The 
 participant data include age, gender, race, and role of participants. 
 The incident data include information from the "violent incident data 
 collection form" (setting, auto involvement, and amount of property 
 loss), and the "group indicators coding form" (argot, tattoos, 
clothing, and slang terminology).

Tags: crime, criminal-justice-system, death, demographic-characteristics, gangs, murder, violence
Organization: Department of Justice
Gun Density, Gun Type, and the Dallas Homicide Rate, 1980-1992

This study examined the relationships among trends in
deadly gun violence, overall gun availability, and the availability of
more lethal types of guns. Using firearms confiscated by the Dallas,
Texas, police department from 1980 to 1992 as indicators of the types
of guns circulating among criminal/high-risk groups, the project
examined changes over time in Dallas' street gun arsenal and assessed
the impact these changes had upon gun violence mortality in
Dallas. The focus of the project was on the characteristics of the
guns rather than their numbers. All confiscated firearms were analyzed
and characterized according to basic weapon type and caliber
groupings. Dates of confiscation were missing from the majority of the
pre-1988 records, but by aggregating the gun data into bimonthly (Part
1) and quarterly (Part 2) time series databases, it was possible to
estimate the bimonthly and quarterly periods of confiscation for most
of the 1980-1992 records. Records that could not be assigned to
bimonthly or quarterly periods were dropped. Confiscated firearms were
grouped into basic categories based on stopping power (i.e., wounding
potential), rate of fire, and ammunition capacity. The following
measures were created for each bimonthly and quarterly period: (1)
weapons with high stopping power (large guns), (2) semiautomatic
weaponry (semis), (3) weapons combining high stopping power and a
semiautomatic firing mechanism (large semis), (4) handguns with high
stopping power (large handguns), (5) semiautomatic handguns (semi
handguns), and (6) handguns combining high stopping power and
semiautomatic firing (large semi handguns). Several violence measures
were obtained from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) Uniform
Crime Reports Supplemental Homicide Reports and Return A (or Offenses
Known and Clearances by Arrest) data files (see UNIFORM CRIME
REPORTING PROGRAM DATA [UNITED STATES]: 1975-1997 [ICPSR 9028]). These
measures were also aggregated at bimonthly and quarterly levels. Data
from the Dallas Police Department master gun property file include
total handguns, total semiautomatic handguns, total large-caliber
handguns, total large-caliber semiautomatic handguns, total shotguns,
total semiautomatic shotguns, total rifles, total semiautomatic
rifles, and total counts and total semiautomatic counts for various
calibers of handguns, shotguns, and rifles. Data that were aggregated
using the FBI data include total homicides, gun homicides, total
robberies, gun robberies, and gun aggravated assaults. The data file
also includes the year and the bimonthly or quarterly period counter.

Tags: assault-weapons, crime-reporting, firearms, gun-ownership, gun-use, handguns, mortality-rates, police-records
Organization: Department of Justice
CrimeMapTutorial Workbooks and Sample Data for ArcView and MapInfo, 2000

CrimeMapTutorial is a step-by-step tutorial for learning
 
 crime mapping using ArcView GIS or MapInfo Professional GIS. It was
 
 designed to give users a thorough introduction to most of the
 
 knowledge and skills needed to produce daily maps and spatial data
 
 queries that uniformed officers and detectives find valuable for crime
 
 prevention and enforcement. The tutorials can be used either for
 
 self-learning or in a laboratory setting. The geographic information
 
 system (GIS) and police data were supplied by the Rochester, New York,
 
 Police Department. For each mapping software package, there are three
 
 PDF tutorial workbooks and one WinZip archive containing sample data
 
 and maps. Workbook 1 was designed for GIS users who want to learn how
 
 to use a crime-mapping GIS and how to generate maps and data queries.
 
 Workbook 2 was created to assist data preparers in processing police
 
 data for use in a GIS. This includes address-matching of police
 
 incidents to place them on pin maps and aggregating crime counts by
 
 areas (like car beats) to produce area or choropleth maps. Workbook 3
 
 was designed for map makers who want to learn how to construct useful
 
 crime maps, given police data that have already been address-matched
 
 and preprocessed by data preparers. It is estimated that the three
 
 tutorials take approximately six hours to complete in total, including
 
exercises.

Tags: crime-mapping, crime-prevention, geographic-information-systems, instructional-materials, law-enforcement, police-officers, police-records, program-evaluation
Organization: Department of Justice
Continuity and Change in Criminal Offending by California Youth Authority Parolees Released 1965-1984

This research project used longitudinal data on 524 serious
 male juvenile offenders released from California Youth Authority (CYA)
 institutions from 1965-1984 to examine the relationship between
 changes in local life circumstances (marriage, employment, drug use,
 alcohol use, street time) and criminal offending. In particular, the
 project extended previous research on criminal careers by developing
 and applying an empirical model that accounted for the joint
 distribution of violent and nonviolent criminal offending by parolees
 in their late teens to mid-20s, during a newly recognized
 developmental period of the life course termed "emerging adulthood."
 The individuals were released from the CYA at various ages from the
 late teens to early 20s, but were all followed for a seven-year
 post-parole period. For each individual, the researchers obtained
 information on counts of criminal arrests as well as information on
 exposure time. Violent arrests included murder, rape, aggravated
 assault, robbery, and other person offenses such as extortion and
 kidnapping. Nonviolent arrests included burglary, receiving stolen
 property, grand theft, forgery, and grand theft auto. Within each
 year, individuals were coded as "free" for the number of months that
 they were not serving time in jail, prison, or CYA
 detention. Involvement of the following life circumstances was
 recorded: (1) alcohol use, (2) heroin use, (3) full-time employment,
 and (4) marriage. A "month-score" indicating how many months the
 parolee was employed full-time during the course of each of the seven
 years of observation was also recorded. Offenders were assumed to have
 maintained the same status unless a change was noted in the California
 Department of Corrections files. In addition, the researchers
 developed an index to gauge an offender's stake in conformity by
 combining the life circumstances of marriage and full-time
 employment. Variables in the data include year of follow-up, race, age
 during that year of follow-up, number of months not serving time,
 stake in conformity index score, and number of arrests for violent
 offenses, nonviolent offenses, and total offenses. Dummy variables
 are provided on alcohol use, heroin use, use of mind-altering drugs,
 use of uppers/downers, dependence on alcohol or heroin, marital
status, common-law marriage, and employment.

Tags: arrest-records, criminal-histories, juvenile-crime, juvenile-offenders, male-offenders, offenses, parolees, recidivism
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of an Intensive Truancy Reduction Program (ACT) within Communities In Schools of the Dallas Region, 2016-2019

This study, Evaluation of an Intensive Truancy Reduction Program (ACT) within Communities In Schools, is a within-school, student-level randomized controlled trial evaluation of an intensive truancy reduction program (ACT) through Communities In Schools (CIS), within five schools in a large urban district in the Southwest. CIS has adapted the CIS Core model for case management (Core) with an adaption of a community-based psychiatric rehabilitation treatment model and named the new model ACT.
The three-year longitudinal study, conducted during the 2016/17 - 2018/19 school years, included 2,136 6-8th grade students (1,152 ACT students and 984 Core students). Data was collected including student demographic information, implementation fidelity information, as well as baseline and outcome data related to student attendance, behavior, standardized test scores and on-track to graduate status (when applicable). Fidelity information includes the number of received CIS services by service type and overall total number of services as well as total hours of CIS services provided by student.

Tags: case-management, school-attendance, school-dropouts, truancy
Organization: Department of Justice
Improving the Accuracy and Fairness of Pretrial Release Decisions: A Multi-Site Study of Risk Assessments Implemented in Four Counties, Indiana, 2015-2018

This study was a multi-site, quasi-experimental investigation of risk assessment-informed pretrial release decisions relative to decisions made without risk assessments. The study objectives were to investigate whether use of pretrial risk assessments: 1) improved risk management decisions relative to practice as usual; 2) improved the fairness of pretrial release decisions for racial minorities relative to practice as usual; and 3) revealed judge-level variation in pretrial release decisions. Secondary, administrative data were gathered from four counties in Indiana. Apart from risk assessment information, all data represent public records: court, jail and prison. Variables gathered from the data sources fall into three main categories: defendant variables, pretrial release decisions, and pretrial misconduct outcomes. Examples of specific variables include: booking and release dates, bond amounts, number and type of charges, and demographic information (age, sex and race).

Tags: pretrial-release, risk-assessment
Organization: Department of Justice