AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Aberrant meiotic behavior in

Background
          Agave tequilana Weber var. azul, is the only one variety permitted by federal law in México to be used for tequila production which is the most popular contemporary alcoholic beverage made from agave and recognized worldwide. Despite the economic, genetic, and ornamental value of the plant, it has not been subjected to detailed cytogenetic research, which could lead to a better understanding of its reproduction for future genetic improvement.
          The objective of this work was to study the meiotic behavior in pollen mother cells and its implications on the pollen viability in Agave tequilana Weber var. azul.
        
        
          Results
          The analysis of Pollen Mother Cells in anaphase I (A-I) showed 82.56% of cells with a normal anaphase and, 17.44% with an irregular anaphase. In which 5.28% corresponded to cells with side arm bridges (SAB); 3.68% cells with one bridge and one fragment; 2.58% of irregular anaphase showed cells with one or two lagging chromosomes and 2.95% showed one acentric fragment; cells with two bridges and cells with two bridges and one acentric fragment were observed in frequencies of 1.60% and 1.35% respectively. In anaphase II some cells showed bridges and fragments too. Aberrant A-I cells had many shrunken or empty pollen grains (42.00%) and 58.00 % viable pollen.
        
        
          Conclusion
          The observed meiotic irregularities suggest that structural chromosome aberrations have occurred, such as heterozygous inversions, sister chromatid exchanges, deletions and duplications which in turn are reflected in a low pollen viability.

Tags: agave-tequilana, cytogenetic-analysis, meiotic-behavior, nih, pollen-viability
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Time course of muscle soreness following different types of exercise

Background
          Post-exercise muscle soreness is a dull, aching sensation that follows unaccustomed muscular exertion. Primarily on the basis of previous laboratory-based research on eccentric exercise, soreness is usually said to follow an inverted U-shaped curve over time, peaking 24 – 48 hours after exercise. As such, it is often described as "delayed-onset" muscle soreness. In a study of long-distance runners, soreness seemed to peak immediately and then reduce gradually over time. The study is a secondary analysis of clinical trial data that aims to determine whether the time course of soreness following a natural exercise, long-distance running, is different from that following a laboratory-based exercise, bench-stepping.
        
        
          Methods
          This is a reanalysis of data from three previous clinical trials. The trials included 400 runners taking part in long-distance races and 82 untrained volunteers performing a bench-stepping test. Subjects completed a Likert scale of muscle soreness every morning and evening for the five days following their exercise.
        
        
          Results
          Interaction between trial and time is highly significant, suggesting a different time course of soreness following running and bench-stepping. 45% of subjects in the bench-stepping trial experienced peak soreness at the third or fourth follow-up (approximately 36 – 48 hours after exercise) compared to only 14% of those in the running trial. The difference between groups is robust to multivariate analysis incorporating possible confounding variables.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Soreness in runners following long-distance running follows a different time course to that in untrained individuals undertaking bench-stepping. Research on exercise taking place in the laboratory context does not necessarily generalize to exercise undertaken by trained athletes when engaged in their chosen sport.

Tags: delayed-onset-muscle-soreness, exercise-induced-pain, long-distance-running, muscle-soreness, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Autoantibodies in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis

The pathogenesis of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) involves injury, an immune/inflammatory response and fibrosis. The cause of the injury is unknown, but the identification of serum autoantibodies makes an autoimmune aetiology attractive. The core study on which this commentary is based used novel cloning and serum screening technologies in order to identify new public and private autoantibodies in sera from 12 patients with CFA. Largely negative conclusions were drawn from that study. However, we suggest that the prevalence of autoantibodies may have been underestimated, that the study was timely and that this approach is worth pursuing further.

Tags: autoantibody-screening, cryptogenic-fibrosing-alveolitis, idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis, immune-response, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Publications Using SAMHSA Data2012 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Tables for South Dakota

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for 2012. The Uniform Reporting System (URS) is a state and national reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: mental-health-services, outcome-measures, samhsa, south-dakota, urs-data
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
NSDUH 2019 Editing And Imputation Report

This report focuses on the editing and statistical imputation procedures that were applied to respondent data for the 2019 NSDUH. Logical editing uses data from elsewhere within the same respondent's record to reduce the occurrence of missing or ambiguous data or to resolve inconsistencies between related variables. Imputation is defined as the replacement of missing values with valid, nonmissing values. Statistical imputation usually involves some randomness to preserve the natural variability in the data.

Tags: data-editing, data-imputation, missing-data, nsduh, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Changes in human lymphocyte subpopulations in tonsils and regional lymph nodes of human head and neck squamous carcinoma compared to control lymph nodes

Background
          Lymphoid tissues constitute basic structures where specific immune responses take place. This leads to the development of germinal centres (GCs), migration of cells and the generation of memory cells. Here, we have compared human tumour reactive lymph nodes and tonsils with control lymph nodes.
        
        
          Results
          The study by flow cytometry shows that in control lymph nodes the majority of cells were naive T-lymphocytes (CD45RA+/CD7+). In reactive nodes, although the percentage of CD45RO+ T cells remains constant, there is an increase in the number of B-lymphocytes, and a reduction in naive T cells. The percentage of cells expressing CD69 was similar in reactive nodes and in controls. In both cases, we have found two populations of B cells of either CD69- or CD69dull. Two populations of T cells, which are either negative for CD69 or express it in bright levels (CD69bright), were also found.
          The analysis of tissue sections by confocal microscopy revealed differences between control, tonsils and tumor reactive lymph nodes. In control lymph nodes, CD19 B cells are surrounded by a unique layer of CD69bright/CD45RO+ T cells. GCs from tonsils and from tumour reactive nodes are mainly constituted by CD19 B cells and have four distinct layers. The central zone is composed of CD69- B cells surrounded by CD69bright/CD45RO+ T cells. The mantle region has basically CD69dull B-lymphocytes and, finally, there is an outer zone with CD69-/CD45RO+ T cells.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Human secondary lymphoid organs react with an increase in the proportion of B lymphocytes and a decrease in the number of CD45RA+ T cells (naive). In tonsils, this is due to chronic pathogen stimulation, whereas in lymph nodes draining head and neck carcinomas the reaction is prompted by surrounded tumors. During this process, secondary lymphoid organs develop secondary follicles with a special organization of T and B cells in consecutive layers, that are described here by confocal microscopy. This pattern of cellular distribution may suggest a model of cell migration into the secondary lymphoid follicles.

Tags: flow-cytometry, head-neck-cancer, lymphocyte-subpopulations, nih, tumor-microenvironment
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Table 21. Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use in the Past Year, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2013 and 2014 NSDUHs

Table 21. Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug Use in the Past Year, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2013 and 2014 NSDUHs

Tags: illicit-drug-use, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use-treatment, unmet-treatment-need
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Smoking, season, and detection of

Background
          The prevalence and role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain unclear.
        
        
          Methods
          Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 100 outpatients with smoking-related, clinically stable COPD, and induced sputum was obtained in 62 patients.
        
        
          Results
          Patients had mean age (standard deviation) of 65.8 (10.7) years, mean forced expiratory volume in one second of 1.34 (0.61) L, and 61 (61.0%) were male. C. pneumoniae nucleic acids were detected by nested polymerase chain reaction in 27 (27.0%). Current smoking (odds ratio {OR} = 2.6, 95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.1, 6.6, P = 0.04), season (November to April) (OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.4, 9.2, P = 0.007), and chronic sputum production (OR = 6.4, 95% CI: 1.8, 23.2, P = 0.005) were associated with detection of C. pneumoniae DNA.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Prospective studies are needed to examine the role of C. pneumoniae nucleic acid detection in COPD disease symptoms and progression.

Tags: chlamydia-pneumoniae, copd, nih, smoking-status, sputum-production
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 2004-2014, National Admissions To Substance Abuse Treatment Services

This report presents national-level data from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) for admissions in 2014 and trend data from 2004 to 2014. It is a companion to the report Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 2004-2014 State Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment. These reports provide information on the demographic and substance abuse characteristics of admissions aged 12 and older to treatment for abuse of alcohol and/or drugs in facilities that report to individual state administrative data systems.

Tags: alcohol-drug-abuse, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, teds-admissions, treatment-episodes
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2010 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Florida

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for 2010. The Uniform Reporting System (URS) is a state and national reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-data, florida-mental-health, mental-health-services, noms-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2014 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Colorado

2014 Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Colorado. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-data, colorado-urs, mental-health-services, noms-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2010 State Profile — Virginia

This state profile includes data from facilities in Virginia that reported to N-SSATS for the survey reference date March 31, 2010. Data were collected on the location, characteristics, services offered, and number of clients in treatment at alcohol and drug abuse treatment facilities (both public and private) in Virginia. In Virginia, 208 substance abuse treatment facilities were included in the 2010 N-SSATS, reporting that there were 19,265 clients in substance abuse treatment on March 31, 2010. The survey response rate in Virginia was 89.5%.

Tags: addiction-services, n-ssats, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, virginia
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Publications Using SAMHSA Data2016 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Texas

This is the 2016 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Texas. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa, texas-mental-health, urs-data
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2013 NSDUH Illicit Drug Use Tables  (Prevalence Estimates) - 1.1 to 1.92

These detailed tables are population illicit drug use totals and prevalence estimates from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Illicit drugs include marijuana, cocaine, crack, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, and the nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics, including pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives. Results are provided for lifetime, past year, and past month use by age group, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, employment status, and geographic area. Comparisons are made between 2013 and 2012.

Tags: drug-use-trends, illicit-drug-use, nsduh-2013, samhsa, substance-use-prevalence
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Four signature motifs define the first class of structurally related large coiled-coil proteins in plants.

Background
          Animal and yeast proteins containing long coiled-coil domains are involved in attaching other proteins to the large, solid-state components of the cell. One subgroup of long coiled-coil proteins are the nuclear lamins, which are involved in attaching chromatin to the nuclear envelope and have recently been implicated in inherited human diseases. In contrast to other eukaryotes, long coiled-coil proteins have been barely investigated in plants.
        
        
          Results
          We have searched the completed Arabidopsis genome and have identified a family of structurally related long coiled-coil proteins. Filament-like plant proteins (FPP) were identified by sequence similarity to a tomato cDNA that encodes a coiled-coil protein which interacts with the nuclear envelope-associated protein, MAF1. The FPP family is defined by four novel unique sequence motifs and by two clusters of long coiled-coil domains separated by a non-coiled-coil linker. All family members are expressed in a variety of Arabidopsis tissues. A homolog sharing the structural features was identified in the monocot rice, indicating conservation among angiosperms.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Except for myosins, this is the first characterization of a family of long coiled-coil proteins in plants. The tomato homolog of the FPP family binds in a yeast two-hybrid assay to a nuclear envelope-associated protein. This might suggest that FPP family members function in nuclear envelope biology. Because the full Arabidopsis genome does not appear to contain genes for lamins, it is of interest to investigate other long coiled-coil proteins, which might functionally replace lamins in the plant kingdom.

Tags: arabidopsis-genome, coiled-coil-proteins, nih, plant-proteins, protein-structure
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2015 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Alaska

2015 Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Alaska. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: alaska-mental-health, mental-health-services, noms-measures, samhsa, substance-abuse
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Glucocorticoids: do we know how they work?

It is not known to what extent glucocorticoid hormones cause their anti-inflammatory actions and their undesirable side effects by the same or different molecular mechanisms. Glucocorticoids combine with a cytoplasmic receptor that alters gene expression in two ways. One way is dependent on the receptor's binding directly to DNA and acting (positively or negatively) as a transcription factor. The other is dependent on its binding to and interfering with other transcription factors. Both mechanisms could underlie suppression of inflammation. The liganded receptor binds and inhibits the inflammatory transcription factors activator protein-1 and NF-κB. It also directly induces anti-inflammatory genes such as that encoding the protein inhibitor of NF-κB. Recent work has shown that glucocorticoids inhibit signalling in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways that mediate the expression of inflammatory genes. This inhibition is dependent on de novo gene expression. It is important to establish the significance of these different mechanisms for the various physiological effects of glucocorticoids, because it may be possible to produce steroid-related drugs that selectively target the inflammatory process.

Tags: gene-expression, glucocorticoids, inflammation-suppression, nf-b-pathway, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Gut oxygenation in sepsis: Still a matter of controversy?

Part of Stephan Jakob's exhaustive review paper in the present issue of Critical Care deals with the notion that intestinal cellular energetics are deranged in sepsis, in terms not only of inadequate tissue perfusion but also of impaired mitochondrial respiration and/or coupling (i.e. organ dysfunction in sepsis may occur as a result of 'cytopathic hypoxia'). This suggests that efforts to improve outcome in septic patients by manipulating systemic oxygen delivery and regional blood flow are doomed to failure. That suggestion remains largely speculative, and experimental and clinical results presented here consistently demonstrate that there is still a place for treatment of abnormal perfusion in the context of early severe sepsis and septic shock.

Tags: cytopathic-hypoxia, gut-oxygenation, nih, sepsis-shock, tissue-perfusion
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Gene therapy for established murine collagen-induced arthritis by
		  local and systemic adenovirus-mediated delivery of interleukin-4

To determine whether IL-4 is therapeutic in treating established
			 experimental arthritis, a recombinant adenovirus carrying the gene that encodes
			 murine IL-4 (Ad-mIL-4) was used for periarticular injection into the ankle
			 joints into mice with established collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).
			 Periarticular injection of Ad-mIL-4 resulted in a reduction in the severity of
			 arthritis and joint swelling compared with saline- and adenoviral control
			 groups. Local expression of IL-4 also reduced macroscopic signs of joint
			 inflammation and bone erosion. Moreover, injection of Ad-mIL-4 into the hind
			 ankle joints resulted in a decrease in disease severity in the untreated front
			 paws. Systemic delivery of murine IL-4 by intravenous injection of Ad-mIL-4
			 resulted in a significant reduction in the severity of early-stage
			 arthritis.

Tags: collagen-induced-arthritis, gene-therapy, interleukin-4, murine-model, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Statistics review 2: Samples and populations

The previous review in this series introduced the notion of data description and outlined some of the more common summary measures used to describe a dataset. However, a dataset is typically only of interest for the information it provides regarding the population from which it was drawn. The present review focuses on estimation of population values from a sample.

Tags: confidence-intervals, nih, population-estimation, sampling-methods, statistics
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Requirements for activation and RAFT localization of the T-lymphocyte kinase Rlk/Txk

Background
          The Tec family kinases are implicated in signaling from lymphocyte antigen receptors and are activated following phosphorylation by Src kinases. For most Tec kinases, this activation requires an interaction between their pleckstrin homology (PH) domains and the products of phosphoinositide 3-Kinase, which localizes Tec kinases to membrane RAFTs. Rlk/Txk is a Tec related kinase expressed in T cells that lacks a pleckstrin homology domain, having instead a palmitoylated cysteine-string motif. To evaluate Rlk's function in T cell receptor signaling cascades, we examined the requirements for Rlk localization and activation by Src family kinases.
        
        
          Results
          We demonstrate that Rlk is also associated with RAFTs, despite its lack of a pleckstrin homology domain. Rlk RAFT association requires the cysteine-string motif and is independent of PI3 Kinase activity. We further demonstrate that Rlk can be phosphorylated and activated by Src kinases, leading to a decrease in its half-life. A specific tyrosine in the activation loop of Rlk, Y420, is required for phosphorylation and activation, as well as for decreased stability, but is not required for lipid RAFT association. Mutation of this tyrosine also prevents increased tyrosine phosphorylation of Rlk after stimulation of the T cell receptor, suggesting that Rlk is phosphorylated by Src family kinases in response to T cell receptor engagement.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Like the other related Tec kinases, Rlk is associated with lipid RAFTs and can be phosphorylated and activated by Src family kinases, supporting a role for Rlk in signaling downstream of Src kinases in T cell activation.

Tags: nih, phosphorylation, raft-localization, t-cell-receptor, t-lymphocyte-kinase
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services