AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Decision-Making in the Juvenile Justice System in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio, 1999-2000

The goals of the juvenile justice system in the United
 States have always been multiple, beginning with rehabilitation, the
 primary goal when the juvenile court was established. More recently,
 policies advocating accountability seem to have predominated over
 other goals of the court, and concern exists that structured
 decision-making (SDM) in support of individual accountability has
 begun to fundamentally change the juvenile justice system. This study
 examined the use of SDM in state correctional agencies in Illinois,
 Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio and in juvenile courts in three counties
 in each of those states. Data were collected in phases from March 1999
 to August 2000 during periodic site visits. Probation officers, judges
 and referees, prosecutors, and defense attorneys were interviewed in
 each of the 12 courts. Each survey contained a core set of questions
 eliciting respondents' views of juvenile justice, disposition
 objectives, and the use and value of SDM. Questions relevant to
 particular decision-makers were also included. All respondents
 provided demographic information and information about their job
experience in criminal justice and professional training.

Tags: case-processing, decision-making, juvenile-courts, juvenile-justice, juvenile-offenders, juvenile-sentencing, needs-assessment, risk-assessment
Organization: Department of Justice
Childhood Victimization and Delinquency, Adult Criminality, and Violent Criminal Behavior in a Large Urban County in the Northwest United States, 1980-1997

This research project was designed as a replication and
extension of earlier research on how childhood victimization relates
to delinquency, adult criminality, and violent criminal behavior
(CHILD ABUSE, NEGLECT, AND VIOLENT CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR IN A MIDWEST
METROPOLITAN AREA OF THE UNITED STATES, 1967-1988 (ICPSR 9480)). The
study consisted of a sample of abused and neglected children who were
made dependents of the Superior Court of a large urban county in the
Northwest between 1980 and 1984, and a matched control group of
children. Dependency records were obtained from the county court
house. Control match criteria were collected from Department of Health
birth records data. Type of abuse/neglect precipitating the dependency
petition was collected and coded using a modified version of the
Maltreatment Classification Coding Scheme (MCS). Data on juvenile
arrests from juvenile court records, including both number and types,
were collected for each abused and/or neglected youth and each matched
control subject. Adult criminal arrests, excluding routine traffic
offenses, for all abused and neglected subjects and matched controls
were collected from local, county, state, and federal law enforcement
sources. A subset of arrests consisting of violent crimes was
developed as a key outcome of interest. Major types of variables
included in this study are demographics, criminal records, dependency
records (only for those subjects abused/neglected as children),
including type and severity of child abuse/neglect, and census
socioeconomic variables. Several derived variables were also
included.

Tags: child-abuse, child-neglect, crime, criminal-histories, criminality, criminality-prediction, risk-factors, violence, violent-crime
Organization: Department of Justice
Habeas Corpus Litigation in United States District Courts: An Empirical Study, 2000-2006

The purpose of the Habeas Corpus Litigation in United States District Courts: An Empirical Study, 2007 is to provide empirical information about habeas corpus cases filed by state prisoners in United States District Courts under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA). The writ of habeas corpus is a remedy regulated by statute and available in federal court to persons "in custody in violation of the Constitution..." When a federal court grants a writ of habeas corpus, it orders the state court to release the prisoner, or to repeat the trial, sentencing, or other proceeding that led to the prisoner's custody. Each year, state prisoners file between 16,000 and 18,000 cases seeking habeas corpus relief. The study was the first to collect empirical information about this litigation, a decade after AEDPA was passed. It sought to shed light upon an otherwise unexplored area of habeas corpus law by looking at samples of capital and non-capital cases and describing the court processing and general demographic information of these cases in detail.
AEDPA changed habeas law by:

Establishing a 1-year statute of limitation for filing a federal habeas petition, which begins when appeal of the state judgment is complete, and is tolled during "properly filed" state post-conviction proceedings;
Authorizing federal judges to deny on the merits any claim that a petitioner failed to exhaust in state court;
Prohibiting a federal court from holding an evidentiary hearing when the petitioner failed to develop the facts in state court, except in limited circumstances;
Barring successive petitions, except in limited circumstances; and
Mandating a new standard of review for evaluating state court determinations of fact and applications of constitutional law.

The information found within this study is for policymakers who design or assess changes in habeas law, for litigants and courts who address the scope and meaning of the habeas statutes, and for researchers who seek information concerning the processing of habeas petitions in federal courts. Descriptive findings are provided detailing petitioner demographics, state proceedings, representation of petitioner in federal court, petitions, type of proceeding challenged, claims raised, intermediate orders, litigation steps, processing time, non-merits dispositions and merits disposition for both capital and non-capital cases which lead into the comparative and explanatory findings that provide information on current and past habeas litigation and how it has been effected by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996.

Tags: capital-punishment, court-cases, court-system, crime, criminal-justice-system, criminal-records, habeas-corpus
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluating a Collaborative Intervention Between Health Care and Criminal Justice in Harris County, Texas, 2001-2002

This study sought to evaluate the Advocacy-Case Management
 Intervention designed to increase victim safety and the efficiency of
 the protection order process. The intervention was performed by
 registered nurses as part of a collaborative partnership between
 justice and health care agencies. A two-group experimental design
 using random assignments to control and experimental groups was
 used. The study subjects were women who qualified for a civil
 protection order against a sexual intimate. These women were contacted
 via telephone for initial interviews, as well as for three-, six-,
 12-, and 18-month follow-up interviews. Variables were obtained from
 several instruments used to measure victim safety-seeking behaviors
and levels of violence and harassment.

Tags: assault, battered-women, domestic-violence, family-violence, intervention, restraining-orders, victim-safety, violence
Organization: Department of Justice
National Evaluation of the Community Anti-Crime Program, 1979-1981

The survey was designed to explore the thesis that
 effective prevention and control of crime requires a community-wide
 effort that involves law enforcement agencies, other elements of
 government, and the citizens in a coordinated attack on problems of
 crime. The data include information on program start-up,
 implementation, and the community itself, as well as information on
the specific activities undertaken by the programs.

Tags: communities, crime, crime-prevention, government-agencies, government-performance, government-services, police-activity, police-protection, public-expenditures, public-programs, social-expenditures, united-states
Organization: Department of Justice
Assessing the Texas Christian University Drug Screen Instrument with Texas Department of Criminal Justice Inmates, 1999-2000

The overall purpose of this study was to examine the
psychometric properties and credibility of the Texas Christian
University (TCU) Drug Screen as an instrument to assess drug use
severity for treatment referral decisions in correctional
settings. TCU Drug Screen data were collected on 18,364 Texas
Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) inmates (15,816 males and 2,548
females) who completed the screen between January 1 and April 30,
1999. Of the 18,364 subjects, 13,902 were Institutional Division
(TDCJ-ID) inmates and 4,462 were State Jail Division (TDCJ-SJD)
inmates. The TCU Drug Screen was administered by TDCJ staff almost
exclusively in a small group setting (12-25 inmates per group) as part
of a larger battery of assessments during the intake process at a TDCJ
facility. The level and intensity of treatment services needed was
then determined and a referral decision was made. As part of this
study, the relationship between TCU Drug Screen information and
post-release reincarceration was examined. Although one original goal
in the study was to assess the comparability, or concurrent validity,
of the TCU Drug Screen with the lengthier, more comprehensive
Addiction Severity Index (ASI), TDCJ changed the administration
protocol for the ASI so that it was given only to a subsample of 3,245
inmates who failed to disclose drug use problems on the TCU Drug
Screen. The data include inmate responses to all items of the TCU Drug
Screen and the overall drug screen score. There is also demographic
information as well as incarceration, release, and reincarceration
data.

Tags: addiction, drug-abuse, drug-dependence, drug-offenders, drug-treatment, inmate-classification, inmates, psychological-evaluation, recidivism, substance-abuse, testing-and-measurement, treatment-outcome, treatment-programs
Organization: Department of Justice
National Evaluation of Title I of the 1994 Crime Act: Survey Sampling Frame of Law Enforcement Agencies, 1993-1997

The data in this collection represent the sampling frame
 used to draw a national sample of law enforcement agencies. The
 sampling frame was a composite of law enforcement agencies in
 existence between June 1993 and June 1997 and was used in a subsequent
 study, a national evaluation of Title I of the 1994 Crime Act. The
 evaluation was undertaken to (1) measure differences between Community
 Oriented Policing Services (COPS) grantees and nongrantees at the time
 of application, (2) measure changes over time in grantee agencies, and
 (3) compare changes over time between grantees and nongrantees. The
 sampling frame was comprised of two components: (a) a grantee
 component consisting of agencies that had received funding during
 1995, and (b) a nongrantee component consisting of agencies that
appeared potentially eligible but remained unfunded through 1995.

Tags: community-policing, crime-control-programs, law-enforcement-agencies, policies-and-procedures
Organization: Department of Justice
Crime-Induced Business Relocations in the Austin [Texas] Metropolitan Area, 1995-1996

There were three key objectives to this study: (1) to
 determine the relative importance of crime-related as well as
 business-related factors in business relocation decisions, including
 business ownership, type of business, and business size, (2) to
 ascertain how businesses respond to crime and fear of crime, such as
 by moving, adding more security, requesting police protection, or
 cooperating with other businesses, and (3) to identify the types of
 crime prevention measures and assistance that businesses currently
 need and to assess the roles of business associations and police
 departments in providing enhanced crime prevention assistance. From
 November 1995 through February 1996 a mail survey was distributed to a
 sample of three different groups of businesses in Austin's 14 highest
 crime ZIP codes. The groups consisted of: (1) businesses that remained
 within the same ZIP code between 1990 and 1993, (2) new firms that
 either moved into a high-crime ZIP code area between 1990 and 1993 or
 were created in a high-crime ZIP code between 1990 and 1993, and (3)
 businesses that relocated from high-crime ZIP code areas to other
 locations in Austin's metropolitan area or elsewhere in
 Texas. Variables include type of business, ownership of business,
 number of employees, reasons for moving or staying in neighborhood,
 types of crime that affected business, owner's response to
 business crime, customer safety, and the role of business associations
and the police in preventing crime.

Tags: business-conditions, businesses, crime-control, crime-prevention, police-protection, relocation, security
Organization: Department of Justice
Process Evaluation of a Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) Program in Dallas County, Texas, 1998-1999

This study assessed the Dallas County Judicial Treatment
Center (DCJTC) in Texas. The DCJTC is a residential substance abuse
treatment center for drug-involved felony offenders. It provides a
treatment program of approximately six months in three major phases:
orientation, main treatment, and re-entry. Data were collected from
429 offenders admitted to the DCJTC between January and December
1998. During their first week of treatment, residents completed a
comprehensive intake battery that included (1) the Texas Christian
University (TCU) initial assessment, (2) the TCU self-rating form
(SRF), and (3) the TCU intake interview. The initial assessment gauged
mental status, background and psychosocial functioning, alcohol and
other drug use, and psychological status. The SRF assessed
psychological functioning, social functioning, and motivation for
treatment. The intake interview included detailed questions on the
resident's social background, family and peer relations, health and
psychological status, criminal history, drug use problems, and
behavioral risks for HIV/AIDS. Progress made during treatment was
measured by the TCU Resident Evaluation of Self and Treatment (REST)
and the TCU Counselor Rating of Client (CRC) forms. The REST included
all questions on the SRF, plus questions on offenders' perceptions of
the structure of the program and their experiences while in treatment,
an evaluation of the counselor, an evaluation of their own
personality, and ratings of group and individual treatment sessions.
The CRC forms rated residents on a set of attributes related to
residents' ability to benefit from treatment and indicated the extent
to which counseling activities with each client had focused on certain
activities.

Tags: aids, alcohol-abuse, alcohol-consumption, counseling, felons, hiv, inmate-classification, mental-health, offenders, process-evaluation, psychological-evaluation, residential-programs, substance-abuse, substance-abuse-treatment
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of Pennsylvania's Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Program for Drug-Involved Parole Violators, 1998

This study was a process evaluation of Pennsylvania's two
Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) programs in their first
year of implementation. These programs were maintained through the
joint management of the state Department of Corrections (DOC), Board
of Probation and Parole, Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and
Delinquency, and two private sector providers that operated the
programs. Opened in early 1998 in two correctional facilities for men,
each of these programs could serve up to 60 male technical parole
violators (TPVs) with a history of substance abuse. Instead of the
nine- to 36-month terms typical for parolees recommitted for
violations, RSAT participants served six months in prison-based
intensive therapeutic communities (TCs), followed by six months of
aftercare in a DOC-sponsored Community Corrections Center (CCC),
similar to a halfway house. Both programs took a cognitive-behavioral
approach to drug treatment. This study focused on the prison-based
component of the RSAT programs. It examined the extent to which
components of RSAT treatment were in place and the integrity of
program operations. Interviews for this study were conducted between
February and December 1998. At intake, program staff interviewed RSAT
participants (Part 1, Intake Data), and Vera Institute of Justice
onsite researchers conducted participant interviews upon exit (Part 2,
Exit Data). Through December 31, 1998, 160 intake interviews and 77
exit interviews with program graduates were administered.

Tags: aftercare, correctional-facilities, drug-offenders, drug-treatment, parole-violation, parolees, process-evaluation, residential-programs, treatment-outcome, treatment-programs
Organization: Department of Justice
Pennsylvania Sentencing Data, 1996

The Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing is a legislative agency
 of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The Commission develops sentencing
 guidelines for judges to use when sentencing felony and misdemeanor offenses.
 The judges report sentences to the Commission on a Guideline Sentence Form.
 This data collection reflects all felonies and misdemeanors reported to the 
 Commission that were sentenced during calendar year 1996. The data are 
 contained in two files. Part 1, Records Data, provides information on 
 each offender, including rudimentary demographic characteristics and prior 
 offense history. Part 2, Offense Data, contains information on each 
 offense, including the statutory citation for the offense, the Offense 
 Gravity Score assigned by the Commission, the offender's Prior Record Score, 
and the sentence given the offender.

Tags: crime-reporting, criminal-histories, felony-offenses, judges, misdemeanor-offenses, offenders, sentencing, sentencing-guidelines
Organization: Department of Justice
Reporting Sexual Assault to the Police in Honolulu, Hawaii, 1987-1992

This study was undertaken to investigate factors
facilitating and hindering a victim's decision to report a sexual
assault to the police. Further objectives were to use the findings to
assist in the design of effective intervention methods by sexual
assault treatment centers and community education projects, and to
present significant findings useful for community policing and other
criminal justice initiatives. Survey data for this study were
collected from female victims of nonincestuous sexual assault
incidents who were at least 14 years of age and sought treatment
(within one year of being assaulted) from the Sex Abuse Treatment
Center (SATC) in Honolulu, Hawaii, during 1987-1992. Data were
collected on two types of victims: (1) immediate treatment seekers,
who sought treatment within 72 hours of an assault incident, and (2)
delayed treatment seekers, who sought treatment 72 hours or longer
after an assault incident. Demographic variables for the victims
include age at the time of the assault, marital status, employment
status, educational level, and race and ethnicity. Other variables
include where the attack took place, the victim's relationship to the
assailant, the number of assailants, and whether the assailant(s) used
threats, force, or a weapon, or injured or drugged the
victim. Additional variables cover whether the victim attempted to get
away, resisted physically, yelled, and/or reported the incident to the
police, how the victim learned about the Sex Abuse Treatment Center,
whether the victim was a tourist, in the military, or a resident of
the island, the number of days between the assault and the interview,
and a self-reported trauma Sexual Assault Symptom Scale measure.

Tags: communities, crime-reporting, decision-making, sex-offenses, sexual-assault, treatment-programs, victim-services, victims, women
Organization: Department of Justice
Post Coital DNA Recovery in Minority Proxy Couples, United States, 2014-2018

Introduction and Background. Minorities are less likely to report
rapes. The Post Coital DNA Recovery (PCDR) study (2009-14) subjects were white
(93%) where expanded collection times were not generalizable to minority
populations. Evidence reports health and medical differences between races
necessitating duplication of previous research in minority populations.
Aims.
(1) What is the time period in which it is
possible to collect post-coital DNA in minority women using Y-STR laboratory
methods? and (2) when compared to the former study sample of minority and
non-minority, what are the physiological conditions, factors, or activities in
minority couples that influence post-coital DNA recovery?
Design. The design includes mixed methods duplication
perfected in the first study, embracing descriptive and inferential techniques.
Qualitative research used semi-structured interviews. Aim 1 analysis used PCDR-M
data only. Aim 2 combined data from both PCDR and PCDR-M studies. Combined, DNA
recovery, a binary outcome accounting for repeated methods in population
regression analysis, used Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) methods.
Fidelity.
The strict criteria for adherence included considerable outreach and
support of study personnel. PCDR and PCDR-M data combined and compared the two
samples, which had specific homogeneity, including same inclusion and
elimination criteria in both studies; fidelity to the validated protocol;
laboratory method and interpretation for inclusion; duplicate statistical
analysis; and interpretation of data. Any variation in key variables met
elimination criteria.
Assumptions and Limitations. Assumptions included (1) motivation is altruistic; (2)
motivation is incentives and coercion for some; (3) negotiating coitus is
difficult and stressful; and (4) similar fidelity and dropout rates. The
limitations included (1) a lack of representation for the diverse experiences
of rape victims; (2) sample size; (3) self-selection bias; (4) protocol adherence;
and (4) advances in laboratory science and DNA kits.
Demographics. Demographic variables included gender, race, and age. Major categories in the dataset included participants' reproductive history, data on female participants' reproductive organs, and childhood abuse.

Tags: genetics-data, reproductive-history, sexually-transmitted-disease
Organization: Department of Justice
The Impact of Exclusion in School: A Comprehensive Study in New York City, 2010-2015

This study uses quantitative and qualitative research to fill a gap in the scholarly literature on "what
works" in school discipline, climate, and safety and has important implications for educators and justice policymakers
nationwide. The quantitative analysis utilized data from 2010-2015 of middle and high
school students (N=87,471 students nested within 804 schools and 74
neighborhoods) in New York City. Researchers applied hierarchical modeling methods to analyze effects of
neighborhood, school, and student characteristics on: 1) future school
disciplinary outcomes; 2) future arrest; and 3) grade advancement. Demographic variables for individual participants include race, gender, and if they are an English language learner. Demographic variables for neighborhoods include race, median income, crime rates, and education levels.

Tags: criminal-justice-system, restorative-justice, school-age-children, schools
Organization: Department of Justice