AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic position of

Background
          Little is known about phytoplankton communities inhabiting low pH environments such as volcanic and geothermal sites or acidic waters. Only specialised organisms are able to tolerate such extreme conditions. There is, thus, low species diversity. We have characterised the previously isolated acid tolerant Chlorella-like microalgae Viridiella fridericiana and Chlorella protothecoides var. acidicola by microscopical and biomolecular methods in order to assess their phylogenetic relationships.
        
        
          Results
          Both isolates belong to the trebouxiophycean lineage of chlorophytes. 18S and ITS1 sequence data clearly confirm that Viridiella fridericiana constitutes a new genus apart from the morphologically similar and likewise acid tolerant microalga Chlorella saccharophila. Chlorella protothecoides var. acidicola on the other hand is not a variety of Chlorella protothecoides but falls within a heterogeneous cluster consisting of Nannochloris, "Chlorella" spec. Yanaqocha, and Koliella, and is most closely related to algae which were also isolated from extreme environments.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The distribution of acid tolerant strains in the 18S rRNA tree shows that acquisition of acid tolerance was unlikely a monophyletic event in green microalgae. We propose that different strains have independently adapted to extreme environments. Some of them have spread worldwide and were able to colonise other extreme habitats. Considering the problems of successfully isolating acid tolerant strains, acidic soils could represent an unsuspected source of biological diversity with high potential for biotechnological utilisations.

Tags: acid-tolerance, microalgae-taxonomy, nih, phylogenetic-analysis, phytoplankton-communities
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
A comparison between two brine shrimp assays to detect

Background
          The brine shrimp lethality assay is considered a useful tool for preliminary assessment of toxicity. It has also been suggested for screening pharmacological activities in plant extracts. However, we think that it is necessary to evaluate the suitability of the brine shrimp methods before they are used as a general bio-assay to test natural marine products for pharmacological activity.
        
        
          Material and Methods
          The bioactivity of the isopropanolic (2-PrOH) extracts of 14 species of marine invertebrates and 6 species of macroalgae was evaluated with the shrimp lethality assay (lethality assay), as well as with another assay based on the inhibition of hatching of the cyst (hatchability assay). The extracts were also assayed for cytotoxicity against two human cell lines, lung carcinoma A-549 and colon carcinoma HT-29, in order to assess the sensitivity of the shrimp assays to detect cytotoxic activity.
        
        
          Results
          Two sponges (Hyatella sp, Dysidea sp.), two gorgonians (Pacifigorgia adamsii, Muricea sp.), one tunicate (Polyclinum laxum), and three echinoderms (Holothuria impatiens, Pseudoconus californica and Pharia pyramidata) showed a strong cytostatic (growth inhibition) and cytotoxic effect. The hatchability assay showed a strong activity in 4 of the species active against the two human cell lines tested (Hyatella sp, Dysidea sp., Pacifigorgia adamsii and Muricea sp.), and the lethality assay also showed a high lethality in 4 of them (Pacifigorgia adamsii, Muricea sp., Polyclinum laxum, and Pharia pyramidata). Each bioassay detected activity in 50% of the species that were considered active against the two human cell lines tested. However, the simultaneous use of both bioassays increased the percentage to 75%.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Our results seem consistent with the correlation previously established between cytotoxicity and brine shrimp lethality in plant extracts. We suggest using both bioassays simultaneously to test natural marine products for pharmacological activity.

Tags: brine-shrimp-assay, cytotoxicity-testing, marine-invertebrates, nih, toxicity-screening
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Genomic regions that underlie soybean seed
isoflavone content

Soy products contain isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and
glycitein) that display biological effects when ingested by
humans and animals, these effects are species, dose and age
dependent. Therefore, the content and quality of isoflavones in
soybeans is a key to their biological effect. Our objective was
to identify loci that underlie isoflavone content in soybean
seeds. The study involved 100 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from
the cross of ‘Essex' by ‘Forrest,' two cultivars that contrast
for isoflavone content. Isoflavone content of seeds from each RIL
was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
The distribution of isoflavone content was continuous and
unimodal. The heritability estimates on a line mean basis were
79% for daidzein, 22% for genistein, and 88% for glycitein.
Isoflavone content of soybean seeds was compared against 150
polymorphic DNA markers in a one-way analysis of variance. Four
genomic regions were found to be significantly associated with
the isoflavone content of soybean seeds across both locations and
years. Molecular linkage group B1 contained a major QTL
underlying glycitein content (P = 0.0001, R2 = 50.2%), linkage
group N contained a QTL for glycitein (P = 0.0033, R2 = 11.1%)
and a QTL for daidzein (P = 0.0023, R2 = 10.3%) and linkage
group A1 contained a QTL for daidzein (P = 0.0081, R2 = 9.6%).
Selection for these chromosomal regions in a marker assisted
selection program will allow for the manipulation of amounts and
profiles of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein)
content of soybean seeds. In addition, tightly linked markers can
be used in map based cloning of genes associated with
isoflavone content.

Tags: genetic-mapping, hplc-analysis, nih, seed-composition, soybean-isoflavones
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Quality Assessment of the 2002 to 2013 NSDUH Public Use Files

To meet the increasing needs of researchers at large, NSDUH public use files (PUFs) have been created using a statistical disclosure control technique called MASSC to protect confidentiality of the data. MASSC stands for Micro-Agglomeration, Substitution, Subsampling, and Calibration (Singh, 2002; Singh, Yu, & Dunteman, 2003; Singh, Yu, & Wilson, 2004). MASSC has been successfully used to create NSDUH PUFs since 1999 to control bothdisclosure risk and information loss. Although quality assessment was conducted before releasing each NSDUH PUF to the general public, no formal report had been published until now to document the impact of disclosure treatment on the quality of NSDUH data.

Tags: data-quality, mental-health, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2020 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table For Oregon

This is the 2020 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Oregon. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-data, mental-health-services, noms-measures, oregon-state, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525301: 1-Chloroprop-1-en-2-yloxybenzene

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 1-chloroprop-1-en-2-yloxybenzene. Molecular Formula: C9H9ClO. Molecular Weight: 168.62. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Mimicking microbial 'education' of the immune system: a strategy to revert the epidemic trend of atopy and allergic asthma?

Deficient microbial stimulation of the immune system, caused by hygiene, may underly the atopy and allergic asthma epidemic we are currently experiencing. Consistent with this 'hygiene hypothesis', research on immunotherapy of allergic diseases also centres on bacteria-derived molecules (eg DNA immunostimulatory sequences) as adjuvants for allergen-specific type 1 immune responses. If we understood how certain microbes physiologically 'educate' our immune system to interact safely with environmental nonmicrobial antigens, we might be able to learn to mimic their beneficial actions. Programmed 'immunoeducation' would consist of safe administration, by the correct route, dose and timing, of those microbial stimuli that are necessary to 'train' the developing mucosal immune system and to maintain an appropriate homeostatic equilibrium between its components. Overall, this would result in a prevention of atopy that is not limited to certain specific allergens. Although such a strategy is far beyond our present potential, it may in principle revert the epidemic trend of atopy and allergic asthma without jeopardizing the fight against infectious diseases.

Tags: allergy-prevention, asthma-immunotherapy, hygiene-hypothesis, immune-system-education, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2014 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for New Mexico

2014 Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for New Mexico. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-data, mental-health-services, new-mexico, noms-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525348: 2,2,8-Trimethyl-3,4-dithianonane

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 1-(tert-butyldisulfanyl)-4-methylpentane. Molecular Formula: C10H22S2. Molecular Weight: 206.4. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 527275: 1,9-Decadiene, 5-methyl

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 5-methyldeca-1,9-diene. Molecular Formula: C11H20. Molecular Weight: 152.28. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Production of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist by human articular chondrocytes

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a natural IL-1 inhibitor possessing anti-inflammatory properties. IL-1Ra is produced as different isoforms, one secreted (sIL-1Ra) and three intracellular (icIL-1Ra1, icIL-1Ra2 and icIL-1Ra3), derived from the same gene. We examined the production of IL-1Ra species by cultured human articular chondrocytes in response to various cytokines. The levels of IL-1Ra were undetectable in culture supernatants of untreated cells, but were significantly increased by IL-1β. Cell lysates contained very low levels of IL-1Ra, even in response to IL-1β, suggesting that chondrocytes produce predominantly sIL-1Ra. IL-6, which had no effect on its own, enhanced the effect of IL-1β, while dexamethasone prevented the response. We observed by RT-PCR that IL-1β and IL-6 induced primarily the production of sIL-1Ra mRNA. Furthermore, IL-1β alone or combined with IL-6 increased the levels of nascent unspliced sIL-1Ra mRNA, suggesting that sIL-1Ra expression is regulated at the transcriptional level. Reporter gene assays in immortalized chondrocytes, C-20/A4, consistently showed increased sIL-1Ra promoter activity in response to IL-1β and IL-6. In conclusion, human articular chondrocytes produce sIL-1Ra in response to IL-1β and IL-6. The production of sIL-1Ra by chondrocytes may have a protective effect against articular inflammatory and catabolic responses.

Tags: articular-chondrocytes, cytokine-response, il-1ra, nih, osteoarthritis-research
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Iowa (IA)

This report presents Iowa\'s estimates for 25 measures of substance use and mental health based on the combined 2009 and 2010 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE). Resuts are provided for Iowa for five age groups: 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 or older, 18 or older and all persons 12 or older.

Tags: iowa-nsduh, mental-health, samhsa, serious-mental-illness, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Appetite suppressants and valvular heart disease – a systematic review

Background
          Although appetite suppressants have been implicated in the development of valvular heart disease, the exact level of risk is still uncertain. Initial studies suggested that as many as 1 in 3 exposed patients were affected, but subsequent research has yielded substantially different figures. Our objective was to systematically assess the risk of valvular heart disease with appetite suppressants.
        
        
          Methods
          We accepted studies involving obese patients treated with any of the following appetite suppressants: fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, and phentermine. Three types of studies were reviewed: controlled and uncontrolled observational studies, and randomized controlled trials. Outcomes of interest were echocardiographically detectable aortic regurgitation of mild or greater severity, or mitral regurgitation of moderate or greater severity.
        
        
          Results
          Of the 1279 patients evaluated in seven uncontrolled cohort studies, 236 (18%) and 60 (5%) were found to have aortic and mitral regurgitation, respectively. Pooled data from six controlled cohort studies yielded, for aortic regurgitation, a relative risk ratio of 2.32 (95% confidence intervals 1.79 to 3.01, p < 0.00001) and an attributable rate of 4.9%, and for mitral regurgitation, a relative risk ratio of 1.55 (95% confidence intervals 1.06 to 2.25, p = 0.02) with an attributable rate of 1.0%. Only one case of valvular heart disease was detected in 57 randomized controlled trials, but this was judged unrelated to drug therapy.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The risk of valvular heart disease is significantly increased by the appetite suppressants reviewed here. Nevertheless, when considering all the evidence, valvulopathy is much less common than suggested by the initial, less methodologically rigorous studies.

Tags: appetite-suppressants, echocardiography, nih, systematic-review, valvular-heart-disease
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Youth Mental Health Tables (Standard Errors and P values) - 2.1 to 2.14

These are the detailed tables pertaining to adult mental health from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). These detailed tables present standard errors for totals and prevalence estimates for youths include major depressive episode (MDE), treatment for depression (among youths with MDE), mental health service utilization, and measures related to the co-occurrence of mental disorders with substance use or with substance use disorders. Results are provided for age group, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, government assistance status, poverty level, geographic area, insurance status. Comparisons are made between 2010 and 2002 to 2009.

Tags: major-depressive-episode, mental-health-services, samhsa, substance-use-disorders, youth-mental-health
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
PCR primers for an aldolase-B intron in acanthopterygian fishes

Background
          Nuclear DNA sequences provide genetic information that complements studies using mitochondrial DNA. Some 'universal' primer sets have been developed that target introns within protein-coding loci, but many simultaneously amplify introns from paralogous loci. Refining existing primer sets to target a single locus could circumvent this problem.
        
        
          Results
          Aldolase intron 'G' was amplified from four fish species using previously described primer sets that target several loci indiscriminately. Phylogenetic analyses were used to group these fragments and other full-length aldolase proteins from teleost fishes into orthologous clades and a primer set was designed to target specifically an intron within the aldolase-B locus in acanthopterygian fishes. DNA amplifications were tried in a variety of acanthopterygian fishes and amplification products, identifiable as aldolase-B intron 'G', were observed in all atherinomorph and percomorph taxa examined. Sequence variation within this locus was found within and among several species examined.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Using 'universal' primer sets coupled with phylogenetic analyses it was possible to develop a genetic assay to target a specific locus in a variety of fish taxa. Sequence variation was observed within and among species suggesting that this targeted assay might facilitate interspecific and intraspecific comparisons.

Tags: acanthopterygii, aldolase-b, fish-genetics, nih, pcr-primers
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Differential response to right unilateral ECT in depressed patients: impact of comorbidity and severity of illness [ISRCTN39974945]

Background
          Recent electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) efficacy studies of right unilateral (RUL) ECT may not apply to real life clinics with a wide range of patients with major depressive episodes.
        
        
          Methods
          The study included two groups of patients. In addition to a homogeneous group of patients with major depression according to DSM-IV criteria with severity of the major depressive episode > 16 scores on 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS) (Group 1, n = 16), we included a heterogeneous group of patients with less severe major depressive episodes or with a variety of comorbid conditions (Group 2, n = 24). We randomly assigned the patients to an RUL ECT treatment dosed at 5 or 2.5 times seizure threshold with an intent-to-treat design. The outcomes measured blindly were HDRS, number of treatments, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The patients were considered to have responded to treatment if the improvement in HDRS score was at least 60% and they had a total score of less than ten.
        
        
          Results
          The Group 2 patients responded poorer (8% vs. 63%), and had more often simultaneous worsening in their MMSE scores than Group 1 patients. The differences in the outcomes between the two different doses of RUL ECT treatment were not statistically significant.
        
        
          Conclusions
          ECT effectiveness seems to be lower in real-life heterogeneous patient groups than in homogeneous patient samples used in experimental efficacy trials.

Tags: comorbidity, electroconvulsive-therapy, major-depression, nih, treatment-response
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2010 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Arizona

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for 2010. The Uniform Reporting System (URS) is a state and national reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: arizona-mental-health, community-mental-health, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Gene expression in epithelial cells in response to pneumovirus infection

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) are viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirus, which cause clinically important respiratory infections in humans and rodents, respectively. The respiratory epithelial target cells respond to viral infection with specific alterations in gene expression, including production of chemoattractant cytokines, adhesion molecules, elements that are related to the apoptosis response, and others that remain incompletely understood. Here we review our current understanding of these mucosal responses and discuss several genomic approaches, including differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene array strategies, that will permit us to unravel the nature of these responses in a more complete and systematic manner.

Tags: epithelial-cells, gene-expression, nih, pneumovirus-infection, rsv-infection
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Aminoglycoside antibiotics and autism: a speculative hypothesis

Background
          Recently, it has been suspected that there is a relationship between therapy with some antibiotics and the onset of autism; but even more curious, some children benefited transiently from a subsequent treatment with a different antibiotic. Here, we speculate how aminoglycoside antibiotics might be associated with autism.
        
        
          Presentation
          We hypothesize that aminoglycoside antibiotics could a) trigger the autism syndrome in susceptible infants by causing the stop codon readthrough, i.e., a misreading of the genetic code of a hypothetical critical gene, and/or b) improve autism symptoms by correcting the premature stop codon mutation in a hypothetical polymorphic gene linked to autism.
        
        
          Testing
          Investigate, retrospectively, whether a link exists between aminoglycoside use (which is not extensive in children) and the onset of autism symptoms (hypothesis "a"), or between amino glycoside use and improvement of these symptoms (hypothesis "b"). Whereas a prospective study to test hypothesis "a" is not ethically justifiable, a study could be designed to test hypothesis "b".
        
        
          Implications
          It should be stressed that at this stage no direct evidence supports our speculative hypothesis and that its main purpose is to initiate development of new ideas that, eventually, would improve our understanding of the pathobiology of autism.

Tags: aminoglycoside-antibiotics, autism-spectrum-disorder, genetic-mutation, nih, stop-codon-readthrough
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Publications Using SAMHSA DataBehavioral Health Barometer: Florida, 2014

This is a behavioral health report for the state of Florida. It uses the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (NSSATS) to address the topics of youth substance use, youth mental health and treatment, adult mental health and treatment, substance use, and substance use treatment for the years 2009 to 2013.

Tags: florida-behavioral-health, mental-health-florida, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use-florida
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services