AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
NLCD 1992/2001 Retrofit Land Cover Change Product

Developments in mapping methodology, new sources of input data, and changes in the mapping legend for the 2001 National Land Cover Database (NLCD2001) will confound any direct comparison between NLCD2001 and National Land Cover Dataset 1992 (NLCD1992). Users are cautioned that direct comparison of these two independently created land cover products is not recommended. This NLCD 1992/2001 Retrofit Land Cover Change Product was developed to offer users more accurate direct change analysis between the two products.

The NLCD 1992/2001 Retrofit Land Cover Change Product uses a specially developed methodology to provide land cover change information at the Anderson Level I classification scale (Anderson et al., 1976*), relying on decision tree classification of Landsat satellite imagery from circa 1992 and 2001. Unchanged pixels between the two dates are coded with the NLCD01 Anderson Level I class code, while changed pixels are labeled with a "from-to" land cover change value. Additional details about this product are available in the metadata included in the multi-zone downloadable zip file. This product is designed for regional application only and is not recommended for local scales.

Tags: earth-science, erosion-sedimentation, geomorphic-landforms-processes, land-surface, land-use-land-cover, landscape, soils, surface-radiative-properties, topography
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Prognostics

Prognostics has received considerable attention recently as an emerging sub-discipline within SHM. Prognosis is here strictly defined as “predicting the time at which a component will no longer perform its intended function”. Loss of function is often times the time at which a component fails. The predicted time to that point becomes then the remaining useful life (RUL). For prognostics to be effective, it must be performed well before deviations from normal performance propagate to a critical effect. This enables a failure preclusion or prevention function to repair or replace the offending components, or if the components cannot be repaired, to retire the system (or vehicle) before the critical failure occurs. Therefore, prognosis has the promise to provide critical information to system operators that will enable safer operation and more cost-efficient use. To that end, Department of Defense (DoD), NASA, and industry have been investigating this technology for use in their vehicle health management solutions. Dedicated prognostic algorithms (in conjunction with failure detection and fault isolation algorithms) must be developed that are capable of operating in an autonomous and real-time vehicle health management system software architecture that is possibly distributed in nature. This envisioned prognostic and health management system will be realized in a vehicle-level reasoner that must have visibility and insight into the results of local diagnostic and prognostic technologies implemented at the LRU and subsystem levels. Accomplishing this effectively requires an integrated suite of prognostic technologies that compute failure effect propagation through diverse subsystems and that can capture interactions that occur in these subsystems. In this chapter a generic set of selected prognostic algorithm approaches is presented and an overview of the required vehicle-level reasoning architecture needed to integrate the prognostic information across systems is provided.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
TROPICS06 L2B Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimate (TCIE) Algorithm V1.0

The "Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats" (TROPICS) mission has a goal of providing nearly all-weather observations of three-dimensional temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal resolution to conduct high-value science investigations of tropical cyclones. The mission comprises a constellation of five identical Space Vehicles (SVs) conforming to the 3U form factor and hosting a passive microwave spectrometer payload.

Each SV hosts an identical high-performance spectrometer named the TROPICS Millimeter-wave Sounder (TMS) that will provide temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183-GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel near 205 GHz that is more sensitive to cloud-sized ice particles.

The TROPICS Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimate algorithm (TCIE), developed at the University of Wisconsin/CIMSS that uses native microwave brightness temperatures, estimates two primary TC variables: Minimum Sea Level Pressure (MSLP) and Maximum Sustained Winds (MSW). The TROPICS TCIE uses the brightness temperature perturbation of two temperature sounding channels (Ch. 6 and Ch. 7) and one channel from the moisture sounding channel (Ch. 1) along with ancillary information from the TC working best track file and the CIMSS ARCHER algorithm (eye size information) to estimate the TC intensity. This validated TCIE data release starts in June 2023 for the constellation CubeSats, and August 2021 for the TROPICS-01/Pathfinder.

Tags: earth-science, microwave, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
IceBridge KT19 IR Surface Temperature V001

This data set contains surface temperature measurements of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice and land ice acquired by the Heitronics KT19.85 Series II Infrared Radiation Pyrometer. For flights with the NASA DC-8 aircraft, the National Suborbital Research Center (NSRC) operates the instrument and creates the data product. For flights with the NASA P-3 and other aircraft, the instrument is operated by the Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) as part of the ATM instrument suite. The data were collected as part of the Operation IceBridge funded survey campaigns.

Tags: cryosphere, earth-science, sea-ice, snow-ice
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ARC Code TI: X-Plane Communications Toolbox (XPC)

The X-Plane Communications Toolbox (XPC) is an open source research tool used to interact with the commercial flight simulator software X-Plane. XPC allows users to control aircraft and receive state information from aircraft simulated in X-Plane using functions written in C or MATLAB in real time over the network. This research tool has been used to visualize flight paths, test control algorithms, simulate an active airspace, or generate out-the-window visuals for in-house flight simulation software.

Tags: aviation, c_, data-visualization, flight-path, flight-simulator, matlab, simulation, x-plane-communications-toolbox, xpc
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Model-based Diagnostics for Propellant Loading Systems

The loading of spacecraft propellants is a complex, risky operation. Therefore, diagnostic solutions are neces- sary to quickly identify when a fault occurs, so that recov- ery actions can be taken or an abort procedure can be initi- ated. Model-based diagnosis solutions, established using an in-depth analysis and understanding of the underlying physi- cal processes, offer the advanced capability to quickly detect and isolate faults, identify their severity, and predict their ef- fects on system performance. We develop a physics-based model of a cryogenic propellant loading system, which de- scribes the complex dynamics of liquid hydrogen filling from a storage tank to an external vehicle tank, as well as the in- fluence of different faults on this process. The model takes into account the main physical processes such as highly non- equilibrium condensation and evaporation of the hydrogen vapor, pressurization, and also the dynamics of liquid hydro- gen and vapor flows inside the system in the presence of he- lium gas. Since the model incorporates multiple faults in the system, it provides a suitable framework for model-based di- agnostics and prognostics algorithms. Using this model, we analyze the effects of faults on the system, derive symbolic fault signatures for the purposes of fault isolation, and per- form fault identification using a particle filter approach. We demonstrate the detection, isolation, and identification of a number of faults using simulation-based experiments.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GLAS/ICESat L1B Global Backscatter Data (HDF5) V033

GLAH07 Level-1B global backscatter data are provided at full instrument resolution. The product includes full 532 nm (41.1 to -1.0 km) and 1064 nm (20 to -1 km) calibrated attenuated backscatter profiles at 5 times per second, and from 10 to -1 km, at 40 times per second for both channels. Also included are calibration coefficient values and molecular backscatter profiles at once per second. Data granules contain approximately 190 minutes (2 orbits) of data.  Each data granule has an associated browse product.

Tags: aerosols, atmosphere, atmospheric-radiation, earth-science, land-surface, topography
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SatCORPS CERES GEO Edition 4 GOES-15 Southern Hemisphere Version 1.0

CER_GEO_Ed4_GOE15_SH_V01 is the Satellite Cloud and Radiation Property retrieval System (SatCORPS) Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Geostationary Satellite (GEO) Edition 4 Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 15 (GOES-15) over the Southern Hemisphere (SH) Version 1.0 data product. Data was collected using the GOES-15 Imager on the GOES-15 Platform. Data collection for this product is complete.

This data set comprises cloud micro-physical and radiation properties derived hourly from GOES-15 geostationary satellite imager data using the Langley Research Center (LARC) SATCORPS algorithms supporting the CERES project. The cloud micro-physical and radiation properties from each active geostationary satellite are merged to create hourly global cloud properties that estimate fluxes between CERES instrument measurements to account for the changing diurnal cycle. The data set is arranged as files for each hour and in netCDF-4 format. The observations are at 4 km resolution (at nadir) and are sub-sampled to 8 km.

CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, the proto flight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.

Tags: atmosphere, clouds, earth-science
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Fermi FT2 Spacecraft Pointing Files

This utility permits you to download the most current version of the spacecraft (FT2) file predicting the LAT's pointing for a given mission week. The FT2 file is a FITS-formatted file describing Fermi's position and orientation, and thus the LAT's pointing, as a function of time. The FT2 files available here are created in planning Fermi's timeline, and thus provide the observatory's predicted pointing for a given mission week. Files with the string 'PRELIM' in the filename are produced approximately three weeks in advance, while files with 'FINAL' in the filename describe the timeline that will be uploaded to the spacecraft; thus you should use the latter if available. Note that the actual LAT pointing may differ from the predicted as a result of Target-of-Opportunity observations or Autonomous Repoints in response to a bright gamma-ray burst.

Tags: astrophysics, fermi, gamma-ray-bursts, gbm, lat, light-arcs, particle-physics, photons, pulsars, solar-flares, space-science
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sparse Inverse Gaussian Process Regression with Application to Climate Network Discovery

Regression problems on massive data sets are ubiquitous in many application domains including the Internet, earth and space sciences, and finances. Gaussian Process regression is a 
popular technique for modeling the input-output relations of a set of variables under the assumption 
that the weight vector has a Gaussian prior. However, it is challenging to apply Gaussian Process 
regression to large data sets since prediction based on the learned model requires inversion of an 
order n kernel matrix. Approximate solutions for sparse Gaussian Processes have been proposed for sparse problems. However, in almost all cases, these solution techniques are agnostic to the 
input domain and do not preserve the similarity structure in the data. As a result, although these solutions sometimes provide excellent accuracy, the models do not have interpretability. 
Such interpretable sparsity patterns are very important for many applications. We propose a new technique for sparse Gaussian Process regression that allows us to compute a parsimonious model while preserving the interpretability of the sparsity structure in the data. We discuss how the inverse kernel matrix used in Gaussian Process prediction gives valuable domain information 
and then adapt the inverse covariance estimation from Gaussian graphical models to estimate the Gaussian kernel. We solve the optimization problem using the alternating direction method of 
multipliers that is amenable to parallel computation. We demonstrate the performance of our method in terms of accuracy, scalability and interpretability on a climate data set.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
UNDERSTANDING SEVERE WEATHER PROCESSES THROUGH SPATIOTEMPORAL RELATIONAL RANDOM FORESTS

UNDERSTANDING SEVERE WEATHER PROCESSES THROUGH
SPATIOTEMPORAL RELATIONAL RANDOM FORESTS

AMY MCGOVERN, TIMOTHY SUPINIE, DAVID JOHN GAGNE II, NATHANIEL TROUTMAN,
MATTHEW COLLIER, RODGER A. BROWN, JEFFREY BASARA, AND JOHN K. WILLIAMS

Abstract. Major severe weather events can cause a significant loss of life and property. We
seek to revolutionize our understanding of and ability to predict such events through the mining
of severe weather data. Because weather is inherently a spatiotemporal phenomenon, mining
such data requires a model capable of representing and reasoning about complex spatiotemporal
dynamics, including temporally and spatially varying attributes and relationships. We introduce
an augmented version of the Spatiotemporal Relational Random Forest, which is a Random Forest
that learns with spatiotemporally varying relational data. Our algorithm maintains the strength
and performance of Random Forests but extends their applicability, including the estimation of
variable importance, to complex spatiotemporal relational domains. We apply the augmented
Spatiotemporal Relational Random Forest to three severe weather data sets. These are: predicting
atmospheric turbulence across the continental United States, examining the formation of tornadoes
near strong frontal boundaries, and understanding the translation of drought across the southern
plains of the United States. The results on such a wide variety of real-world domains demonstrate
the extensive applicability of the Spatiotemporal Relational Random Forest. Our long-term goal
is to significantly improve the ability to predict and warn about severe weather events.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
JPSS-1 CrIS Level 1B Principal Component Analysis / Rapid Event Detection V3.0 (SNDRJ1CrISL1BPCARED) at GES DISC

This sample data collection contains L1B radiance values that are compressed and denoised via Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Additionally it contains a new Rapid Event Detection (RED) product, which for multiple spectral regions identify where rare signals are observed, providing an efficient and useful way to locate and study interesting phenomena. Some of the potential uses for these RED components are the detection of atmospheric gases where fires and volcanoes occur. PCA/RED might be a desirable alternative to the existing L1B product because (1) it is many times smaller in data volume, (2) about 80% of the random noise is removed, and (3) it comes with the new RED component. 

The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) Level 1B Full Spectral Resolution (FSR) data files contain radiance measurements along with ancillary spacecraft, instrument, and geolocation data of the CrIS instrument on the Joint Polar Satellite System-1 (JPSS-1) platform. This platform is also know as NOAA-20 (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-chemistry, biosphere, earth-science, ecological-dynamics, infrared-wavelengths, solid-earth, spectral-engineering, tectonics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OCO-2 Level 1A collated, parsed, science or calibration data, Retrospective Processing V11r (OCO2_L1aIn_Sample) at GES DISC

Version 11r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11r.

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Their raw data numbers (DN) are delivered correlated in time to the Level 1B process as Level 1A products. Each band has 1016 spectral elements, although some are masked out in the L2 retrieval.This product is the input to the Level 1B process. It is depacketized raw data formatted into a standard granularity with calibrated engineering data (for both science and calibration observations), in the Sample Mode of operation.This is the retrospective processing where the calibration data is estimated from the full timeseries of data (before, during, and after the measurements), and is expected to be of slightly higher quality.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-chemistry, earth-science, infrared-wavelengths, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM Ground Validation Navigation Data DC-8 OLYMPEX V1

The GPM Ground Validation NASA DC-8 Navigation Data OLYMPEX dataset supplies navigation data collected by the NASA DC-8 aircraft for flights that occurred during November 5, 2015 through December 19, 2015 for the Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX) GPM Ground Validation field campaign. This navigation dataset consists of multiple altitude, pressure, temperature, airspeed, and ground speed measurements in ASCII-IWG1 and XML data formats.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-winds, earth-science, platform-characteristics, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ATLAS/ICESat-2 L3A Land and Vegetation Height Quick Look V006

ATL08QL is the quick look version of ATL08. Once final ATL08 files are available the corresponding ATL08QL files will be removed. 
ATL08 contains along-track heights above the WGS84 ellipsoid (ITRF2014 reference frame) for the ground and canopy surfaces. The canopy and ground surfaces are processed in fixed 100 m data segments, which typically contain more than 100 signal photons. The data were acquired by the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) instrument on board the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) observatory.

Tags: earth-science, land-surface, landscape
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-1 Interferograms - Connected Components (BETA)

Sentinel-1 SLC interferometric products generated by JPL using ISCE v2.0.0, delivered by ASF

Tags: biosphere, coastal-processes, earth-science, erosion-sedimentation, geomorphic-landforms-processes, land-surface, land-use-land-cover, landscape, oceans, solid-earth, tectonics, terrestrial-ecosystems, topography
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Rodent Research-1 (RR1) NASA Validation Flight: Mouse kidney transcriptomic proteomic and epigenomic data

NASA  s Rodent Research (RR) project is playing a critical role in advancing biomedical research on the physiological effects of space environments. Due to the limited resources for conducting biological experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS) it is imperative to use crew time efficiently while maximizing high-quality science return. NASA  s GeneLab project has as its primary objectives to 1) further increase the value of these experiments using a multi-omics systems biology-based approach and 2) disseminate these data without restrictions to the scientific community. The current investigation assessed viability of RNA DNA and protein extracted from archived RR-1 tissue samples for epigenomic transcriptomic and proteomic assays. During the first RR spaceflight experiment a variety of tissue types were harvested from subjects snap-frozen or RNAlater-preserved and then stored at least a year at -80C after return to Earth. They were then prioritized for this investigation based on likelihood of significant scientific value for spaceflight research. All tissues were made available to GeneLab through the bio-specimen sharing program managed by the Ames Life Science Data Archive and included mouse adrenal glands quadriceps gastrocnemius tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus soleus eye and kidney. We report here protocols for and results of these tissue extractions and thus the feasibility and value of these kinds of omics analyses. In addition to providing additional opportunities for investigation of spaceflight effects on the mouse transcriptome and proteome in new kinds of tissues our results may also be of value to program managers for the prioritization of ISS crew time for rodent research activities.

Tags: 5mc-total-rna-methylation-analysis, animal-and-tissue-sampling, dna-library-construction, epitranscriptomics, labeling, library-construction, mass-spectrometry, microgravity, nucleic-acid-extraction, nucleic-acid-sequencing, protein-extraction, proteomic-labeling, rna-library-construction, sample-collection
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration