AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Global Gas Flare Survey by Infrared Imaging, VIIRS Nightfire, 2012-2019

This dataset contains annual global flare site surveys from 2012-2019 derived from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi National Polar Partnership (SNPP) satellite. Gas flaring sites were identified from heat anomalies first estimated by the VIIRS Nightfire (VNF) algorithm from which high-temperature biomass burning and low-temperature gas flaring were separated based on temperature and persistence. Nightly observations for each flare site were drawn to determine their activity in the given calendar year. Data include flare location, temperature, and estimated flared gas volume; flaring data summarized by country; and KMZ files for viewing flaring locations in Google Earth. This dataset is valuable for measuring the current status of global gas flaring, which can have significant environmental impacts.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-methane, earth-science-environmental-impacts-human-dimensions-gas-flaring, earth-science-natural-hazards-human-dimensions-heat
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM GROUND VALIDATION TWO-DIMENSIONAL VIDEO DISDROMETER (2DVD) GCPEX V1

The GPM Ground Validation Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) GCPEX dataset was collected by the Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) data, which was collected during the GPM Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) held in Ontario, Canada. GCPeX occurred in Ontario, Canada during the winter season of 2011-2012. GCPEx addressed shortcomings in the GPM snowfall retrieval algorithm by collecting microphysical properties, associated remote sensing observations, and coordinated model simulations of precipitating snow.Collected from six sites, the data contains daily ascii files with information on individual snowflakes and hydrometeors, and binary files preprocessed from raw camera data. Overall data dates range from 27 October 2011 through 27 February 2012 depending on the specific site.

Tags: earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-hydrometeors, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-solid-precipitation-snow
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
High Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) IMPACTS

The High Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) IMPACTS dataset consists of Equivalent reflectivity factor, Doppler velocity, Doppler velocity spectrum width, Linear Depolarization Ratio (LDR), Ocean normalized radar cross-section, Co-polarization signal-to-noise mask estimates collected by the HIWRAP onboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S. Atlantic coast. IMPACTS aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to advance prediction capabilities significantly. These data are available from January 25, 2020, through February 28, 2023, in HDF-5 format.

Tags: earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-dynamics, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-doppler-velocity, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-radar-cross-section, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-radar-reflectivity, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-spectrum-width
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM MHS on NOAA-18 (GPROF) Radiometer Precipitation Profiling L2A 1.5 hours 17 km V07 (GPM_2AGPROFNOAA18MHS_CLIM) at GES DISC

Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions are no longer available and have been superseded by Version 07. The "CLIM" products differ from their "regular" counterparts (without the "CLIM" in the name) by the ancillary data they use. They are Climate-Reference products, which requires homogeneous ancillary data over the climate time series. Hence, the ECMWF-Interim (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 2-3 months lag behind the regular production) reanalysis is used as ancillary data to derive surface and atmospheric conditions required by the GPROF algorithm for the "CLIM" output. The GPROF databases are also adjusted accordingly for these climate-referenced retrievals. The 2AGPROF (also known as, GPM GPROF (Level 2)) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Global Gridded 1-km Annual Soil Respiration and Uncertainty Derived from SRDB V3

This dataset provides six global gridded products at 1-km resolution of predicted annual soil respiration (Rs) and associated uncertainty, maps of the lower and upper quartiles of the prediction distributions, and two derived annual heterotrophic respiration (Rh) maps. A machine learning approach was used to derive the predicted Rs and uncertainty data using a quantile regression forest (QRF) algorithm trained with observations from the global Soil Respiration Database (SRDB) version 3 spanning from 1961 to 2011. The two Rh maps were derived from the predicted Rs with two different empirical equations. These products were produced to support carbon cycle research at local- to global-scales, and highlight the immense spatial variability of soil respiration and our ability to predict it across the globe.

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions, earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-respiration, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-respiration
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Global Forest Cover Change Tree Cover Multi-Year Global 30m V003

The Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) archives and distributes Global Forest Cover Change (GFCC) data products through the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments ([MEaSUREs](https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/competitive-programs/measures)) Program. The GFCC Tree Cover Multi-Year Global dataset is available for four epochs centered on the years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. The dataset is derived from the GFCC Surface Reflectance product ([GFCC30SR](https://doi.org/10.5067/MEaSUREs/GFCC/GFCC30SR.001)), which is based on enhanced Global Land Survey (GLS) datasets. The GLS datasets are composed of high-resolution Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images at 30 meter resolution. GFCC30TC provides tree canopy information and can be used to understand forest changes. Each tree cover product features four files associated with it; a tree cover layer with an embedded color map, a tree cover error (uncertainty) file, and an index (provenance) file, plus a list of path/rows that relate to the Surface Reflectance input files. Note that the index file and file list were not generated for the 2015 epoch. Data follow the Worldwide Reference System-2 tiling scheme. Additional details regarding the methodology used to create the data are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).

Tags: earth-science-forest-science-agriculture-forest-management
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Global Forest Cover Change Water Cover 2000 Global 30m V001

The Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) archives and distributes Global Forest Cover Change (GFCC) data products through the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments ([MEaSUREs](https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/competitive-programs/measures)) Program. The GFCC Water Cover 2000 Global dataset provides surface-water information at 30 meter spatial resolution. This dataset was derived from waterbodies in the GFCC Tree Cover ([GFCC30TC](https://doi.org/10.5067/MEaSUREs/GFCC/GFCC30TC.003)) and Forest Cover Change ([GFCC30FCC](https://doi.org/10.5067/MEaSUREs/GFCC/GFCC30FCC.001)) products based on a classification-tree model. Data are available for selected dates between June 1999 and January 2003. GFCC30WC follows the Worldwide Reference System-2 tiling scheme. Additional details regarding the methodology used to create the data are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).

Tags: earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements-total
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM GROUND VALIDATION SATELLITE SIMULATED ORBITS TWP-ICE V1

The GPM Ground Validation Satellite Simulated Orbits TWP-ICE dataset is available in the Orbital database, which takes account for the atmospheric profiles, the cloud/rain profiles, and the detailed surface/terrain information from the Cloud-Resolving Model (CRM) database. Unique geometry and antenna gain patterns of each sensor (GMI imager, GMI sounder, DPR Ku, DPR Ka_MA, DPR Ka_HS) are considered. The Orbital database consists of satellite orbit parameters, geolocation of Field of View and satellite location, and simulated Level 1B/Level 2-like parameters in satellite orbital grid. Orbital data covers a portion of sampling right over the Cloud-resolving model (CRM) domain. All orbital data format is NetCDF3, and it contains dimensions, parameter descriptions, and parameter units. Each project's data is distributed as a separate dataset. MC3E occurred in Oklahoma, USA in 2011; LPVEX took place in Finland in 2010; C3VP experiment was held in Canada in 2007 and TWP-ICE took place in Australia in 2006.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-emissivity, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-skin-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds-wind-direction, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds-wind-speed, earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-microphysics-cloud-liquid-water-ice, earth-science-microwave-spectral-engineering-brightness-temperature, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-rate, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Global Gridded Soil Phosphorus Distribution Maps at 0.5-degree Resolution

This data set provides estimates of different forms of naturally occurring soil phosphorus (P) including labile inorganic P, organic P, occluded P, secondary mineral P, apatite P, and total P on a global scale at 0.5-degree resolution. The data were assembled from chronosequence information and global spatial databases to develop a map of total soil P and the distribution among mineral bound, labile, organic, occluded, and secondary P forms in soils. Uncertainty was calculated for the different forms. The data set has no explicit temporal component -- data were nominally for the pre-industrial period ca. 1850. The estimated global spatial variation and distribution of different soil P forms presented in this study will be useful for global biogeochemistry models that include P as a limiting element in biological production by providing initial estimates of the available soil P for plant uptake and microbial utilization (Yang et al., 2013). There is one netCDF data file (.nc) with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-soils-land-surface-phosphorus, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-chemistry
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Global Gridded 1-km Soil and Soil Heterotrophic Respiration Derived from SRDB v5

This dataset provides global gridded estimates of annual soil respiration (Rs) and soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and associated uncertainties at 1 km resolution. Mean soil respiration was estimated using a quantile regression forest model utilizing data from the global Soil Respiration Database Version 5 (SRDB-V5) and covariates of mean annual temperature, seasonal precipitation, and vegetative cover. The SRDB holds results of field studies of soil respiration from around the globe. A total of 4,115 records from 1,036 studies were selected from SRDB-V5. SRDB-V5 features more soil respiration data published in Russian and Chinese scientific literature for better global spatio-temporal coverage and improved global climate-space representation. These soil respiration records were combined with global meteorological, land cover, and topographic data and then evaluated with variable selection using random forests. The standard deviation and coefficient of variation of Rs are included and were also derived from the same model. Global heterotrophic respiration was calculated from Rs estimates. The data are produced in part from SRDB-V5 inputs that cover the period 1961-2016.

Tags: earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-respiration-autotrophic-respiration-ra, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-respiration-heterotrophic-respiration-rh
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Global Forest Cover Change Surface Reflectance Estimates Multi-Year Global 30m V001

The Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) archives and distributes Global Forest Cover Change (GFCC) data products through the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments ([MEaSUREs](https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/competitive-programs/measures)) Program. The GFCC Surface Reflectance Estimates Multi-Year Global dataset is derived from the enhanced Global Land Survey (GLS) datasets for epochs centered on the years 1990, 2000, 2005, and 2010. The GLS datasets are composed of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images at 30 meter resolution. Data available for this product represent the best available "leaf-on" date during the peak growing season. The original GLS datasets were enhanced with supplemental Landsat images when data were incomplete for the epoch or inadequate for analysis due to acquisition during "leaf-off" seasons. The enhanced GLS data were acquired June 1984 through August 2011. Atmospheric corrections were applied to seven visible bands to estimate surface reflectance by compensating for the scattering and absorption of radiance by atmospheric conditions. GFCC30SR is a multi-file data product. The surface reflectance data products are used as source data for other datasets in the GFCC collection. For each available date, data files are delivered in a zip folder that consists of six surface reflectance bands, a Top of Atmosphere temperature band, an Atmospheric Opacity layer, and the Landsat Surface Reflectance Quality layer. Data follow the Worldwide Reference System-2 tiling scheme. Additional details regarding the methodology used to create the data are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).

Tags: earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) CPEX-CV

The High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) CPEX-CV dataset includes measurements gathered by the HAMSR instrument during the Convective Processes Experiment – Cabo Verde (CPEX-CV) field campaign. The NASA CPEX-CV field campaign will be based out of Sal Island, Cabo Verde from August through September 2022. The campaign is a continuation of CPEX – Aerosols and Winds (CPEX-AW) and was conducted aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft equipped with remote sensors and dropsonde-launch capability that will allow for the measurement of tropospheric aerosols, winds, temperature, water vapor, and precipitation. The overarching CPEX-CV goal was to investigate atmospheric dynamics, marine boundary layer properties, convection, the dust-laden Saharan Air Layer, and their interactions across various spatial scales to improve understanding and predictability of process-level lifecycles in the data-sparse tropical East Atlantic region. HAMSR has 25 spectral channels which are split into 3 bands to provide measurements that can be used to infer the 3-dimensional distribution of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water profiles in the atmosphere, even in the presence of clouds. Data are available from September 6-30, 2022 in netCDF-4 format.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-upper-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity-absolute-humid, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity-relative-humid, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-total-precipitable-wate, earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-microphysics-cloud-liquid-water-ice, earth-science-microwave-spectral-engineering-brightness-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Global Hydrologic Soil Groups (HYSOGs250m) for Curve Number-Based Runoff Modeling

This dataset - HYSOGs250m - represents a globally consistent, gridded dataset of hydrologic soil groups (HSGs) with a geographical resolution of 1/480 decimal degrees, corresponding to a projected resolution of approximately 250-m. These data were developed to support USDA-based curve-number runoff modeling at regional and continental scales. Classification of HSGs was derived from soil texture classes and depth to bedrock provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization soilGrids250m system.

Tags: earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-texture, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements-runoff
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Global Forest Ecosystem Structure and Function Data For Carbon Balance Research

A comprehensive global database has been assembled to quantify CO2 fluxes and pathways across different levels of integration (from photosynthesis up to net ecosystem production) in forest ecosystems. The database fills an important gap for model calibration, model validation, and hypothesis testing at global and regional scales. The database archive includes: a Microsoft Office Access Database; data files for all tables in the database; query outputs from the database; and SQL script file for re-creating the database from the tables. The database is structured by site (i.e., a forest or stand of known geographical location, biome, species composition, and management regime). It contains carbon budget variables (fluxes and stocks), ecosystem traits (standing biomass, leaf area index, age), and ancillary information (management regime, climate, soil characteristics) for 529 sites from eight forest biomes. Data entries originated from peer-reviewed literature and personal communications with researchers involved in Fluxnet. Flux estimates were included in the database when they were based on direct measurements (e.g., tower-based eddy covariance system measurements), derived from single or multiple direct measurements, or modeled. Stand description was based on observed values, and climatic description was based on the CRU data set and ORCHIDEE model output. Uncertainty for each carbon balance component in the database was estimated in a uniformed way by expert judgment. Robustness of CO2 balances was tested, and closure terms were introduced as a numerical way to approach data quality and flux uncertainty at the biome level.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-longwave-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-processes-evaporation, earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-properties-cloud-frequency, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions, earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-environmental-governance-management-human-dimensions-land-management, earth-science-forest-science-agriculture-forest-management, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-texture, earth-science-topography-land-surface-terrain-elevation, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-carbon, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-deciduous-vegetation, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-dominant-species, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-evergreen-vegetation, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-species
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration