AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Expression of a crown gall biological control phenotype in an avirulent strain of

Background
          Agrobacterium vitis is a causal agent of crown-gall disease. Trifolitoxin (TFX) is a peptide antibiotic active only against members of a specific group of α-proteobacteria that includes Agrobacterium and its close relatives. The ability of TFX production by an avirulent strain of Agrobacterium to reduce crown gall disease is examined here.
        
        
          Results
          TFX was shown to be inhibitory in vitro against several A. vitis strains. TFX production, expressed from the stable plasmid pT2TFXK, conferred biological control activity to an avirulent strain of A. vitis. F2/5, against three virulent, TFX-sensitive strains of A. vitis tested on Nicotiana glauca. F2/5(pT2TFXK) is significantly reduces number and size of galls when co-inoculated with tumorigenic strain CG78 at a 10:1 ratio, but is ineffective at 1:1 or 1:10 ratios. F2/5(pT2TFXK) is effective when co-inoculated with tumorigenic strain CG435 at 10:1 and 1:1 ratios, but not at a 1:10 ratio. When F2/5(pT2TFXK) is co-inoculated with CG49 at a 10:1 ratio, the incidence of gall formation does not decline but gall size decreases by more than 70%. A 24 h pre-inoculation with F2/5(pT2TFXK) does not improve biological control at the 1:10 ratio.
        
        
          Conclusions
          TFX production by an avirulent strain of Agrobacterium does confer in that strain the ability to control crown gall disease on Nicotiana glauca. This is the first demonstration that the production of a ribosomally synthesized, post-translationally modified peptide antibiotic can confer reduction in plant disease incidence from a bacterial pathogen.

Tags: agrobacterium-vitis, biological-control, crown-gall-disease, nih, trifolitoxin
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Oregon 2016 Potential Areas for Addressing Service Gaps for Opioid Treatment

The purpose of the medication-assisted treatment (MAT) facility maps is to identify areas on a state-by-state basis that may be potentially underserved by existing treatment facilities. The maps are created with a methodology that seeks to include the highest potential need areas from individual counties so that county-level stakeholders are also informed. The maps are meant to be used as a tool for policy makers to determine potentially underserved areas—not as a definitive representation of these areas.

Tags: mat-access, opioid-treatment, oregon-opioids, samhsa, service-gap-analysis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525121: 3-Chloropropyl pentanoate

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 3-chloropropyl pentanoate. Molecular Formula: C8H15ClO2. Molecular Weight: 178.65. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Size does matter: overcoming the adeno-associated virus packaging limit

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors mediate long-term gene transfer without any known toxicity. The primary limitation of rAAV has been the small size of the virion (20 nm), which only permits the packaging of 4.7 kilobases (kb) of exogenous DNA, including the promoter, the polyadenylation signal and any other enhancer elements that might be desired. Two recent reports (D Duan et al: Nat Med 2000, 6:595-598; Z Yan et al: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000, 97:6716-6721) have exploited a unique feature of rAAV genomes, their ability to link together in doublets or strings, to bypass this size limitation. This technology could improve the chances for successful gene therapy of diseases like cystic fibrosis or Duchenne muscular dystrophy that lead to significant pulmonary morbidity.

Tags: aav-vectors, cystic-fibrosis, duchenne-muscular-dystrophy, gene-therapy, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Arrestee Substance Use: Comparison of Estimates from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health and the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program

Abstract The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program provide information on alcohol and drug use by individuals who have recently been arrested. The studies differ in their target populations (civilian, noninstitutionalized individuals vs. arrestees in 39 sites recently booked into jails) and data collection methods. This study uses 2003 ADAM and 2002–2008 NSDUH data for adult males living in the 39 ADAM sites who reported a past year arrest and 2002–2008 Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) data to examine how well NSDUH covers the arrestee population and to compare estimates of drug and alcohol use and substance abuse or dependence. In general, ADAM estimates of rates of self-reported drug use were higher. The magnitude of these differences cannot be accounted for by undercoverage in NSDUH. Other possible reasons for these differences and their implications for interpreting NSDUH and ADAM data are discussed.

Tags: adam-nsduh-comparison, arrestee-drug-use, criminal-justice-health, samhsa, substance-use-survey
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Workers' compensation claims related to natural rubber latex gloves among Oregon healthcare employees from 1987–1998

Background
          Occupational reaction to natural rubber latex (NRL) glove use by healthcare employees has been an area of increasing concern. Unfortunately, there is little data demonstrating the prevalence and severity of actual reactivity to NRL.
        
        
          Method
          Occupational reaction to NRL was estimated using workers' compensation claims filed by healthcare employees in Oregon for the period of 1987–1998. For the first ten years, these claims were estimated by source and conditions consistent with NRL glove reactions, while in the last two years a specific code developed in 1997 for NRL glove reactions was also employed.
        
        
          Results
          The claim rate was on average 0.58 per 10,000 healthcare workers annually, which constituted 0.29% of all workers' compensation claims. The most common condition experienced was dermatitis (80%) and most common body part affected was the hands (55.4%). The majority of claimants, 45 (69.2%), reported taking less than a month off work, suggesting most reactions were minor in nature, although one fatality was reported. The average NRL claim cost was $8,309.48. Overall the average cost per insured healthcare worker was approximately $0.50 per year. The occupational groups with the highest number of claims were nurses (30.8% of claimants) and nursing aides and orderlies (24.6% of claimants).
        
        
          Conclusions
          In comparison with other workers' compensation claims filed by healthcare workers during this period, 0.25% of the total was potentially related to NRL gloves. The rare incidence of respiratory and ocular claims is inconsistent with the hypothesis that asthmatic or conjunctival reactions to NRL gloves are common.

Tags: healthcare-workers, latex-allergy, nih, occupational-dermatitis, workers-compensation
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
USF2 inhibits C/EBP-mediated transcriptional regulation of the RIIβ subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase

Background
          Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) plays a central role in regulation of energy metabolism. Upon stimulation of testicular Sertoli cells by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), glycolysis is activated to increase the production of nutrients for the germ cells, and a new regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, RIIβ, is induced. We have previously shown that production of the transcription factor C/EBPβ is rapidly increased by FSH and cAMP in primary Sertoli cell cultures, and that C/EBPβ induces the RIIβ promoter.
        
        
          Results
          In this work we show that USF1, USF2 and truncated USF isoforms bind to a conserved E-box in the RIIβ gene. Interestingly, overexpression of USF2, but not USF1, led to inhibition of both cAMP- and C/EBPβ-mediated induction of RIIβ. Furthermore, Western blots show that a novel USF1 isoform is induced by cAMP in Sertoli cells.
        
        
          Conclusions
          These results indicate that the expression of various USF isoforms may be regulated by cAMP, and that the interplay between USF and C/EBPβ is important for cAMP-mediated regulation of RIIβ expression. The counteracting effects of USF2 and C/EBPβ observed on the RIIβ promoter is in accordance with the hypothesis that C/EBP and USF play opposite roles in regulation of glucose metabolism.

Tags: camp-dependent-protein-kinase, nih, sertoli-cells, transcription-regulation, usf2-inhibition
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
A rapid method to map mutations in

Background
          Genetic screens in Drosophila have provided a wealth of information about a variety of cellular and developmental processes. It is now possible to screen for mutant phenotypes in virtually any cell at any stage of development by performing clonal screens using the flp/FRT system. The rate-limiting step in the analysis of these mutants is often the identification of the mutated gene, however, because traditional mapping strategies rely mainly on genetic and cytological markers that are not easily linked to the molecular map.
        
        
          Results
          Here we describe the development of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) map for chromosome arm 3R. The map contains 73 polymorphisms between the standard FRT chromosome, and a mapping chromosome that carries several visible markers (rucuca), at an average density of one SNP per 370 kilobases (kb). Using this collection, we show that mutants can be mapped to a 400 kb interval in a single meiotic mapping cross, with only a few hundred SNP detection reactions. Discovery of further SNPs in the region of interest allows the mutation to be mapped with the same recombinants to a region of about 50 kb.
        
        
          Conclusion
          The combined use of standard visible markers and molecular polymorphisms in a single mapping strategy greatly reduces both the time and cost of mapping mutations, because it requires at least four times fewer SNP detection reactions than a standard approach. The use of this map, or others developed along the same lines, will greatly facilitate the identification of the molecular lesions in mutants from clonal screens.

Tags: chromosome-3r, drosophila-genetics, mutation-mapping, nih, snp-mapping
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Doxycycline-induced expression of sense and inverted-repeat constructs modulates

Background
          A tetracycline-regulated (conditional) system for RNA interference (RNAi) would have many practical applications. Such a strategy was developed using RNAi of the gene for phosphogluconate mutase (Pgm). Pgm is a candidate lifespan regulator: PgmS allele frequency is increased by selection for increased lifespan, whereas PgmM and PgmF allele frequencies are decreased.
        
        
          Results
          The Pgm alleles were cloned and sequenced and were found to differ by amino-acid substitutions consistent with the relative electrophoretic mobilities of the proteins. The 'tet-on' doxycycline-regulated promoter system was used to overexpress PgmS in a wild-type (PgmM) background. Enzyme activity increases of two- to five-fold were observed in five independent transgenic lines. Tet-on was also used to drive expression of an inverted-repeat fragment of Pgm coding region. The inverted-repeat transcript was expected to form a dsRNA hairpin, induce RNAi, and thereby reduce endogenous Pgm gene expression at the RNA level. Endogenous Pgm RNA levels in adult flies were found to be reduced or eliminated by doxycycline treatment in five independent inverted-repeat transgenic lines. Our results show that doxycycline-regulated expression of inverted-repeat constructs can cause a conditional reduction in specific gene expression. The effect of sense and inverted-repeat construct expression on lifespan was assayed in multiple transgenic lines. Under the conditions tested, altered Pgm gene expression had no detectable effect on adult Drosophila lifespan.
        
        
          Conclusions
          A system for conditional RNAi in Drosophila adults shows promise for assay of gene functions during aging. Our results indicate that Pgm does not have a simple strong effect on longevity.

Tags: doxycycline-induced-expression, nih, phosphogluconate-mutase, rna-interference, tetracycline-regulated-system
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2018 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Vermont

This is the 2018 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Vermont. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-data, mental-health-services, noms-measures, samhsa, vermont-urs
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
National-Level Comparisons of Mental Health Estimates from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and Other Data Sources

The main objective of this methodological report is to provide comparisons between NSDUH and other national data sources for adult and adolescent mental health prevalence estimates, updating a previous report comparing 2009 NSDUH estimates with other data sources (Hedden et al., 2012).  Other sources of data are 2001 to 2003 National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R),  2001 to 2004 National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), 2001 to 2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Wave 1, 2012 to 2013 NESARC-III, • 2011 to 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), 2011 to 2012 National Survey of Children\'s Health (NSCH), and 2009 and 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS).

Tags: mental-disorders, mental-health-prevalence, national-health-survey, nsduh-comparison, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Organizing the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST): National Institutes of Health, Health Care Financing Administration, and industry funding

The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST) is a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) versus carotid artery stenting (CAS) as prevention for stroke in patients with symptomatic stenosis greater than or equal to 50%. CREST is sponsored by the US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), with additional support by a device manufacturer, and will provide data to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for evaluation of a stent device. Because of budget constraints for CREST, Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) reimbursement for hospital costs incurred by CREST patients will be essential. The involvement of academic scientists, industry, and three separate government agencies (NIH, FDA, HCFA) has presented many challenges in conducting the trial. A review of the pathways followed to meet these challenges may be helpful to others seeking to facilitate sharing of the costs and burdens of conducting innovative clinical research.

Tags: carotid-stenosis, crest-trial, endarterectomy-stenting, nih, stroke-prevention
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
National Child Welfare Workforce Institute (NCWWI) Comprehensive Organizational Health Assessment [2014-2019]

Baseline assessments contained approximately 307 items, though the number of items displayed to respondents depended on skip logic, which was based on position and whether the respondent worked directly with families. Between July 2014 and July 2015, 2,832 participants completed the baseline COHA survey. At follow-up (approximately three years later), three measures from the baseline COHA were dropped and four new measures were added. Follow-up assessments contained approximately 340 items, and the number of items displayed to respondents depended on the same skip logic used in the baseline assessment. Between November 2017 and February 2019, 2,912 participants completed the follow-up assessment. A total of 1,034 participants completed both assessments. Items in the baseline and follow-up COHA covered individual-level factors (burnout, coping strategies, exposure to violence, intent to stay, job satisfaction, job stress, secondary trauma, self-efficacy, and time pressure), unit-level factors (peer support, supervision, professional sharing/support, team cohesion, and shared vision), organization-level factors (inclusivity, leadership, learning culture, organizational climate, organizational bias, physical environment, professional development and preparation for work, readiness for change, and workplace prejudice and discrimination) and community-level factors (public perceptions of child welfare, inter-professional collaboration, and community resources).

Investigators: Robin Leake, PhD 
Butler Institute for Families
University of Denver

Shauna L. Rienks, PhD 
Butler Institute for Families 
University of Denver 

Anna de Guzman, M.A. 
Butler Institute for Families 
University of Denver 

Amy S. He, PhD 
Butler Institute for Families 
University of Denver 

Mary Jo Stahlschmidt, PhD 
Butler Institute for Families 
University of Denver

Tags: abuse, care, ndacan, policy, reporting
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2016-2018 NSDUH Substate Region Shapefile

This report provides a guide to the development and presentation of 2016-2018 NSDUH substate estimates. A summary of the estimation methodology is included as well as sample sizes, response rates, and population estimates. This shapefile includes geographic boundaries of the 2016-2018 NSDUH substate regions along with prevalence rates, map group values, and the upper and lower bounds found in the map legends. It can be used for analysis and data display with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software.

Tags: gis-shapefile, mental-health, prevalence-rates, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
State Estimates of Substance Use and Mental Disorders from the 2009-2010 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health

This report presents State estimates for 25 measures of substance use and mental health based on the combined 2009 and 2010 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE). Resuts are provided by State and for five age groups: 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 or older, 18 or older and all persons 12 or older.

Tags: mental-disorders, nsduh-survey, samhsa, state-estimates, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525514: Methyl 2-methylbenzyl sulfide

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 1-methyl-2-(methylsulfanylmethyl)benzene. Molecular Formula: C9H12S. Molecular Weight: 152.26. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The role of the Zn(II) binding domain in the mechanism of

Background
          Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I binds three Zn(II) with three tetracysteine motifs which, together with the 14 kDa C-terminal region, form a 30 kDa DNA binding domain (ZD domain). The 67 kDa N-terminal domain (Top67) has the active site tyrosine for DNA cleavage but cannot relax negatively supercoiled DNA. We analyzed the role of the ZD domain in the enzyme mechanism.
        
        
          Results
          Addition of purified ZD domain to Top67 partially restored the relaxation activity, demonstrating that covalent linkage between the two domains is not necessary for removal of negative supercoils from DNA. The two domains had similar affinities to ssDNA. However, only Top67 could bind dsDNA with high affinity. DNA cleavage assays showed that the Top67 had the same sequence and structure selectivity for DNA cleavage as the intact enzyme. DNA rejoining also did not require the presence of the ZD domain.
        
        
          Conclusions
          We propose that during relaxation of negatively supercoiled DNA, Top67 by itself can position the active site tyrosine near the junction of double-stranded and single-stranded DNA for cleavage. However, the interaction of the ZD domain with the passing single-strand of DNA, coupled with enzyme conformational change, is needed for removal of negative supercoils.

Tags: dna-cleavage, dna-topoisomerase, enzyme-mechanism, nih, zinc-binding-domain
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Receptorphin: A conserved peptide derived from the sequence of the opioid receptor, with opioid displacement activity and potent antiproliferative actions in tumor cells

Background
          In addition to endogenous opioids, a number of peptide sequences, derived from endogenous (hemorphins, alphaS1-casomorphin), and exogenous proteins (casomorphins, exorphins) have been reported, possessing opioid activity. In the present work, we report the identification of a new peptide, receptorphin (Tyr-Ile-Phe-Asn-Leu), derived from the sequence of the second transmembrane loop of the opioid receptor. This sequence is unique for the opioid receptor, and conserved in all species and receptor-types.
        
        
          Results and Discussion
          Receptorphin competes for opioid binding, presenting a kappa-receptor interaction, while it binds equally to delta- and mu- opioid and somatostatin-binding sites, and inhibits the cell proliferation of a number of human cancer cell lines, in a dose-dependent and reversible manner, at the picomolar or the nanomolar range. Receptorphin shows a preferential action on prostate cancer cells.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Our work identifies, for the first time a peptide, in a receptor sequence, possessing ligand-agonistic activities. A hypothesis, based on receptorphin liberation after cell death, is presented, which could tentatively explain the time-lag observed during opioid antiproliferative action.

Tags: antiproliferative-activity, cancer-cell-lines, nih, opioid-receptor, receptorphin
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services