Data repository to "Modeling ash dispersal from future eruptions of Taupo supervolcano", by S.J. Barker et al.

This data release contains supplementary material to the Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems article:  
"Modeling ash dispersal from future eruptions of Taupo supervolcano", by S.J. Barker et al.  
This paper uses Ash3d model simulations to calculate the probability of a given tephra-fall thickness from eruptions of the following sizes: 0.1km3, 1 km3, 5 km3, 50 km3, and 500 km3. All volume cases were modeled with umbrella cloud formation, with additional Ash3d simulations for the case of a 0.1 km3 eruption assuming no development of an umbrella cloud. One thousand model simulations were run for each of these cases. The data release contains model outputs from each of the simulations. The results are packaged in separate zip files, one for each case. Zip files are named for the eruption size modeled (e.g. "0.1km3", "1km3", "5km3" etc.).  Other source parameters used for these simulations are described in the paper. 
Each zip file contains similar contents.   Below are the contents of the 0.1km3 directory, for illustration (note that a "d" in the left column indicates a directory). 
d    directory or filename                                  Description 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
d    0.1km3                                                                        Output of 0.1km3 runs 
0.1km3/0.1km3_simulations_Kidson_type.txt              Percent Kidson types for each simulation 
0.1km3/City_thicknesses.txt                                        City thicknesses for each run 
d    0.1km3/zip_files                                                         zip files of output from each run 
0.1km3/zip_files/Run0001.zip                                     zip file containing output for run #1 
0.1km3/zip_files/Run0002.zip                                     zip file containing output for run #2 
0.1km3/zip_files/Run0003.zip                                     zip file containing output for run #3 
0.1km3/zip_files/Run0004.zip                                     zip file containing output for run #4 
. . .  
****************************************************************************************************** 
CONTENTS OF THE FILES xxkm3_simulations_Kidson_type.txt 
The input_summary.txt files contain a table with each row indicating the percent of each Kidson 
type for each simulation.  The first few lines of the file look like: 
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
Number  Eruption start         after duration+8 hrs            percentage of each Kidson type  
1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1   25-May-2002 16:52:06  26-May-2002 06:52:06    0   0 100   0   0   0   0     0    0    0    0    0 
2   11-Aug-1982 03:51:53  11-Aug-1982 17:51:53     0   0     0   0   0   0   0     0 100   0    0    0 
3   21-Apr-1989 14:59:53  22-Apr-1989 04:59:53      0   0     0   0   0   0   0     0   36   0    0  64 
4   27-Mar-1999 13:21:51  28-Mar-1999 03:21:51     0   0     0   0   0   0 100   0     0   0    0    0 
5   05-Jun-2014 17:56:13  06-Jun-2014 07:56:13      0   0     0   0   0   0     0   0     0   0  57  43 
. . .  
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
Each row below the header gives: 
1) The run number 
2) The eruption start time 
3) The end time of the eruption, plus 8 hours (the time over which we assume ash remains aiborne) 
4) The percentage of each Kidson type over that period of time 
****************************************************************************************************** 
CONTENTS OF THE City_thicknesses.txt FILES 
Each City_thickness.txt file contains a table with thicknesses of ash (mm) at the main cities for 
each run.  The first few lines look like this: 
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
City thicknesses for eruptions of 0.1km3 
Run      Auckland     Hamilton    Tauranga  New Plymouth  Napier     Wellington 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
0001          0.000          0.000          0.000          0.000          0.122          0.000 
0002          0.000          0.501          3.622          0.000          0.042          0.000 
0003          0.000          0.000          0.001          0.000          6.440          0.000 
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
****************************************************************************************************** 
CONTENTS OF EACH ZIP FILE 
Each zip file contains the following: 
Name                             Description 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
ash_arrivaltimes_airports.kmz    kmz file showing ash arrival times at airports 
ash_arrivaltimes_airports.txt      Text file listing ash arrival times at airports 
DepositArrivalTimes.txt              Text file listing deposit arrival times at airports 
DepositFile_ESRI_ASCII.txt       ESRI-ASCII gridded text file of deposit thickness (mm) 
Deposit.kmz                                kmz file of deposit thickness, can be opened in Google Earth 
deposit_thickness_mm.gif           gif map of deposit thickness (mm) 
****************************************************************************************************** 
FORMAT OF DepositFile_ESRI_ASCII.txt 
This gridded ascii file contains deposit thickness at each node in the model domain.  The file 
contains a header that looks like this: 
*************************************************** 
NCOLS   120  
NROWS    60   
XLLCORNER    160.000 
YLLCORNER    -47.500 
CELLSIZE      0.250 
NODATA_VALUE  0.000 
*************************************************** 
where NCOLS        is the number of columns in the grid 
NROWS        is the number of rows in the grid 
XLLCORNER    is the longitude of the center of the lower-left (most southwest) node 
YLLCORNER    is the latitude of the center of the lower-left (most southwest) node 
CELLSIZE     is the spacing (degrees) between nodes 
NODATA_VALUE is the value where there are no data  
This header is followed by the gridded data, written in 10f10.3 format (10 numbers per row, 
each number occupying 10 spaces with three digits to the right of the decimal).  Each 
row in the model could occupy several rows in the file due to the limitation of 10  
numbers per row in the file.  The first row is the southernmost row. 
****************************************************************************************************** 
FORMAT OF DepositArrivalTimes.txt 
This is a gridded ascii file of the arrival time of the deposit at each node in the model.  The 
deposit arrival time is given in hours after the eruption start.  The file format is exactly the same 
as that of DepositFile_ESRI_ASCII.txt.  It should be noted that the NODATA_VALUE is incorrectly 
given as -1.000.  The NODATA_VALUE is actually -9999.0.  This is the value given at each node if 
ash never arrived at that node during the simulation. 
****************************************************************************************************** 
FORMAT OF ash_arrivaltimes_airports.txt 
This ascii file contains a table of ash arrival times at airports.  An example of the first few lines of one file is: 
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
ARRIVAL TIME OF ASH IN AREA MODELED BY ASH3D 
simulation using input file: iwf25_Taupo_ESP.inp                                                                                                                
Model run date: 2016.12.21, time UTC:   22:46 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
SOURCE PARAMETERS FOR SIMULATION OF: Taupo run       | 
Pulse       start time                        Duration   Plume height         volume   | 
UTC                                hrs            km     feet             km3     | 
1    2002-05-25T16:52:00Z           24.00         20.0   65616.      5.00000  | 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
LOCATION                                                 |                  CLOUD                                  |  
|                                                                 |  
|                                                                 |  
(Airport code &amp; ) Place name         Latitude    Longitude |            Cloud Arrival Time         Duration |  
|                                        hrs after            |  
|      date/time UTC             start       hrs    |  
Pakatoa, N.Z., New Zealand           -37.8069  174.8533  |  2002-05-26T01:47:00Z   8.92    15.95   |  
Coromandel, New Zealand              -36.7933  175.5167 |  2002-05-26T16:05:00Z  23.22     0.82   |   
Whakatane, New Zealand               -37.9222  176.9139  |  2002-05-25T16:53:00Z   0.03    26.70   |  
Wanganui, New Zealand                 -39.9667  175.0242  |  2002-05-26T10:34:00Z  17.70     6.50   |  
. . . 
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
--Line 2 gives the name of the input file used (this was changed to ash3d_input.txt after the simulation); 
--Line 3 gives the date and time of the simulations 
--Lines 5-10 summarize the key eruption source parameters 
--Lines 12 and onward  give a table of arrival times, durations, and deposit thicknesses at all airports in the model domain that received ash.  The columns in this table are the airport name, latitude, longitude, the time of arrival of the cloud in year-month-day-hour (UTC), the arrival time in hours after the eruption start, the number of hours the cloud remained  overhead, the time when ash started falling at a given location (in year-month-day-hour UTC and in hours after the eruption start), the number of hours during which ash fell, the deposit thickness, and the US National Weather Service ranking of deposit thickness (e.g. “trace", “minor”, “substantial”, “heavy”). 
(The right columns of the table had to be truncated in this explanation). 
****************************************************************************************************** 
FORMAT OF KMZ files 
Files with the .kmz suffix are in zipped keyhole markup language and can be opened in Google Earth(R)* 
Details on the contents of these files can be found on pages 19-22 of Mastin et al. (2013) 
*use of trade names does not imply endorsement of these products 
****************************************************************************************************** 
Reference: 
Mastin, L.G., Randall, M., J., Schwaiger, H. and Denlinger, R., 2013. User's Guide and Reference to Ash3d: A Three-Dimensional Model for Atmospheric Tephra Transport and Deposition, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1122, pp. 48. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20131122

Tags: hazard-preparedness, usgs-5cdd9ed7e4b029273746367a, volcanology
Organization: Department of the Interior