Wind Techno-economic Exclusion

<p><span style='font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>The
site suitability criteria included in the techno-economic land use screens are
listed below. As this list is an update to previous cycles, tribal lands, prime
farmland, and flood zones are not included as they are not technically
infeasible for development. The techno-economic site suitability exclusion
thresholds are presented in table 1. Distances indicate the minimum distance
from each feature for commercial scale wind development</span><br /></p><p><b><u><font size='4'>Attributes:</font></u></b> </p><p></p><ul><li><b>Steeply sloped areas: </b>change in vertical elevation compared to horizontal distance</li><li><b>Population density:</b> the number of people living in a 1 km2 area </li><li><b>Urban areas:</b> defined by the U.S. Census.  </li><li><b>Water bodies:</b> defined by the U.S. National Atlas Water Feature Areas, available from Argonne National Lab Energy Zone Mapping Tool  </li><li><b>Railways:</b> a comprehensive database of North America's railway system from the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), available from Argonne National Lab Energy Zone Mapping Tool </li><li><b>Major highways:</b> available from ESRI Living Atlas  </li><li><b>Airports:</b> The Airports dataset including other aviation facilities as of July 13, 2018 is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)/Bureau of Transportation Statistics's (BTS's) National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD). The Airports database is a geographic point database of aircraft landing facilities in the United States and U.S. Territories. Attribute data is provided on the physical and operational characteristics of the landing facility, current usage including enplanements and aircraft operations, congestion levels and usage categories. This geospatial data is derived from the FAA's National Airspace System Resource Aeronautical Data Product. Available from Argonne National Lab Energy Zone Mapping Tool </li><li><b>Active mines:</b> Active Mines and Mineral Processing Plants in the United States in 2003</li><li><b>Military Lands:</b> <span style='font-family:&quot;Avenir Next W01&quot;, &quot;Avenir Next W00&quot;, &quot;Avenir Next&quot;, Avenir, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, sans-serif; font-size:medium;'>Land owned by the federal government that is part of a US military base, camp, post, station, yard, center, or installation.</span>  </li></ul><div><p style='text-align:center;'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Table
1</span></p>

<div align='center'>

<span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><table border='1' cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' style='border-collapse:collapse; border:none;'>
 <tbody><tr>
  <td style='width:116.85pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; background:#44546A; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in; text-align:center;'><br /></p>
  </td>
  <td style='width:116.9pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left:none; background:#44546A; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in; text-align:center;'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt; color:white;'>Wind</span></b></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='width:116.85pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>Steeply sloped areas</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='width:116.9pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>&gt;10<sup>o</sup></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='width:116.85pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>Population density</span></p>
  </td>
  
  <td style='width:116.9pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>&gt;100/km<sup>2</sup></span></span></p>
  </td>
  
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='width:116.85pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>Capacity
  factor</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
  <td style='width:116.9pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>&lt;20%</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
 </tr>
 <tr style='height:24.0pt;'>
  <td style='width:116.85pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:24.0pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>Urban areas</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
  <td style='width:116.9pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:24.0pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>&lt;1000 m</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='width:116.85pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>Water bodies</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
  <td style='width:116.9pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>&lt;250 m</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='width:116.85pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>Railways</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
  <td style='width:116.9pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>&lt;250 m</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='width:116.85pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>Major
  highways</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
  <td style='width:116.9pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>&lt;125 m</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='width:116.85pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>Airports</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
  <td style='width:116.9pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>&lt;5000 m</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='width:116.85pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>Active mines</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
  <td style='width:116.9pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>&lt;1000 m</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td style='width:116.85pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>Military Lands</span></p>
  </td>
  
  <td style='width:116.9pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;' valign='top' width='156'>
  <p style='margin-bottom:0in;'><span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;'>&lt;3000m</span></span></p>
  </td>
  
 </tr>
</tbody></table>

</div><p><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>For more information about the
processes and sources used to develop the screening criteria see sources 1-7 in
the footnotes.</span></p>

<p style='margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-top:0in;'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Data updates occur as needed, corresponding to typical
3-year CPUC IRP planning cycles</span></p><br /></div><div><font size='4'><u>Footnotes:</u></font></div><div><font size='3'>[1] <span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'>Lopez,
A. et. al. “U.S. Renewable Energy Technical Potentials: A GIS-Based Analysis,”
2012. </span><a href='https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/51946.pdf' style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;' rel='nofollow ugc'>https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/51946.pdf</a></font></div><div><font size='3'>[2] <a href='https://greeningthegrid.org/Renewable-Energy-Zones-Toolkit/topics/social-environmental-and-other-impacts#ReadingListAndCaseStudies' rel='nofollow ugc'><span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'>https://greeningthegrid.org/Renewable-Energy-Zones-Toolkit/topics/social-environmental-and-other-impacts#ReadingListAndCaseStudies</span></a></font></div><div><font size='3'>[3] <a>Multi-Criteria Analysis for Renewable
Energy (MapRE), University of California Santa Barbara. </a><a href='https://mapre.es.ucsb.edu/' rel='nofollow ugc'>https://mapre.es.ucsb.edu/</a></font></div><div><font size='3'>[4] <span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'>Larson,
E. et. al. “Net-Zero America: Potential Pathways, Infrastructure, and Impacts,
Interim Report.” Princeton University, 2020. </span><span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'><a href='https://environmenthalfcentury.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf331/files/2020-12/Princeton_NZA_Interim_Report_15_Dec_2020_FINAL.pdf' rel='nofollow ugc'>https://environmenthalfcentury.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf331/files/2020-12/Princeton_NZA_Interim_Report_15_Dec_2020_FINAL.pdf</a></span><span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'>.</span></font></div><div><font size='3'><span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'>[5] </span>Wu, G. et. al. “Low-Impact Land Use Pathways to Deep
Decarbonization of Electricity.” <i>Environmental Research Letters</i> 15, no.
7 (July 10, 2020). <a href='https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab87d1' rel='nofollow ugc'>https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab87d1</a>.</font></div><div><font size='3'>[6] RETI Coordinating Committee, RETI Stakeholder Steering
Committee. “Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative Phase 1B Final Report.”
California Energy Commission, January 2009.</font></div><div><font size='3'>[7] <span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'>Pletka,
Ryan, and Joshua Finn. “Western Renewable Energy Zones, Phase 1: QRA
Identification Technical Report.” Black &amp; Veatch and National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, 2009. </span><a href='https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46877.pdf' style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;' rel='nofollow ugc'>https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46877.pdf</a><span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'>.</span></font></div><div><font size='3'><span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'>[8]</span><a href='https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/geo/shapefiles/index.php?year=2019&amp;layergroup=Urban+Areas' style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;' rel='nofollow ugc'>https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/geo/shapefiles/index.php?year=2019&amp;layergroup=Urban+Areas</a></font></div><div><font size='3'><span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'>[9]</span><span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'>https://ezmt.anl.gov/</span></font></div><div><font size='3'><span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'>[10]</span><span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'>https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=fc870766a3994111bce4a083413988e4</span></font></div><div><font size='3'><span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;'>[11]</span><a href='https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mineplant/' style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;' rel='nofollow ugc'>https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mineplant/</a></font></div><div><span style='font-family:Calibri, sans-serif; font-size:11pt;'><br /></span></div><div><h3><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Credits</span></h3>

<p style='margin-left:.5in;'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Title:
Techno-economic screening criteria for utility-scale wind energy installations
for Integrated Resource Planning</span></p>

<p style='margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Purpose for
creation: These site suitability criteria are for use in electric system
planning, capacity expansion modeling, and integrated resource planning.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'><br /></span></p>

<p style='margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Keywords: wind
energy, resource potential, techno-economic, IRP</span></p><p style='margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'><br /></span></p>

<p style='margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Extent: western
states of the contiguous U.S.</span></p>
<br />
<h3><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Use Limitations</span></h3>
<br />
<p style='margin-left:.5in;'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>The
geospatial data created by the use of these techno-economic screens inform
high-level estimates of technical renewable resource potential for electric
system planning and should not be used, on their own, to guide siting of
generation projects nor assess project-level impacts.</span></p><p style='margin-left:.5in;'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Confidentiality:
Public</span></p>
<br />
<h3><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Contact</span></h3><p><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Emily Leslie </span><a href='mailto:Emily@MontaraMtEnergy.com' rel='nofollow ugc'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Emily@MontaraMtEnergy.com</span></a></p><p><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Sam Schreiber </span><a href='mailto:sam.schreiber@ethree.com' rel='nofollow ugc'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>sam.schreiber@ethree.com</span></a><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'> </span></p><p style='margin-left:.5in;'>
</p><p><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Jared Ferguson </span><a href='mailto:Jared.Ferguson@cpuc.ca.gov' rel='nofollow ugc'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Jared.Ferguson@cpuc.ca.gov</span></a></p><p><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>Oluwafemi Sawyerr </span><a href='mailto:femi@ethree.com' rel='nofollow ugc'><span style='font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;'>femi@ethree.com</span></a></p></div><span style='font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;'></span>

Tags: california-energy-commission, california-natural-resources-agency, caopendata, irp, resource-potential, sb-100, sb100, step, techno-economic, wind-energy
Organization: State of California