AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Compositional data on gases collected at fumaroles, hot springs, and gas vents across the Long Valley Caldera, California, 1994 – 2020.

The Long Valley Caldera in eastern California formed about 760,000 years ago following the eruption of ~600 km3 of high-silica rhyolite. The Long Valley volcanic-hydrothermal system contains sufficient heat to support the Casa Diablo binary geothermal power plant (CD, Fig. 1) sited on the margin of the resurgent dome. Present day volcanic activity is evidenced by periods of seismicity and deformation and the presence of magmatic volatiles in thermal fluids. 
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) uses a variety of techniques to monitor the volcanic system that underlies the Long Valley Caldera. Monitoring data include measurements of seismicity and deformation and chemical analyses of thermal waters and gases that are emitted at hot springs, fumaroles and other degassing features. The geophysical measurements allow monitoring of fluid movement in the crust while analyses of gases and waters provide a means to identify the presence of volatiles (carbon, helium, sulfur, and chloride) scavenged from the magmatic system. By establishing a record of baseline fluid compositions, we have a way to assess future changes in the underlying magmatic system.  
This report presents compositional data on bulk gases and isotope values of carbon dioxide and helium for samples across Long Valley Caldera collected between February 1994 and October 2020 (Fig. 1). Many of the samples are from designated monitoring sites where gas was routinely collected over many years. Some data are from locations that were sampled infrequently and are included here for completeness. Most of the analyses were performed at USGS laboratories in Menlo Park, California, Denver, Colorado, and Reston, Virginia. Some helium isotope analyses were performed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.

Tags: carbon-isotopes, gas-chemistry, helium-isotopes, long-valley, long-valley-caldera, mammoth-lakes, usgs-5fa192f0d34e198cb793cc13
Organization: Department of the Interior
An Unvegetated to Vegetated Ratio (UVVR) for coastal wetlands of the Conterminous United States (2014-2018)

This USGS Data Release represents geospatial data sets which were created to produce an Unvegetated to Vegetated Ratio (UVVR) for coastal wetlands of the conterminous United States (2014-2018). The following listed image products were generated 
1) Annual spatial datasets (rasters) from 2014 to 2018 each containing 4 bands (Band 1: Unvegetated land fraction; Band 2: Vegetated land fraction; Band 3: Water fraction; Band 4: UVVR clipped into 3 coastal regions (Atlantic (ATL) Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and Pacific (PAC).
2) Calibration/Validation Datasets - datasets which were used in the calibration and validation of the above datasets
3) Mean of masked, multiyear composite - Mean vegetated fraction in coastal wetlands in each region
4) Standard deviation of masked, multiyear composite - Standard deviation of the vegetated fraction in coastal wetlands in each region
5) Unvegetated to Vegetated Ratio (UVVR) based on masked, multiyear composite - Unvegetated to Vegetated Ratio in coastal wetlands in each region
The data release was produced in compliance with the new 'open data' requirements as a way to make the scientific products associated with USGS research efforts and publications available to the public.

Tags: alabama, atlantic-coast, biota, california, coastal-zone, florida, georgia, geoscientificinformation, gulf-of-mexico-coast, imagerybasemapsearthcover, land-cover-analysis, landsat-operational-land-imager, landsat-thematic-mapper, louisiana, maine, marsh-surface-condition-maps, maryland, mississippi, new-jersey, new-jersey-intracoastal-marshes, new-york, normalized-difference-soil-index, normalized-difference-vegetation-index, normalized-difference-water-index, north-carolina, oregon, pacific-coast, remotely-sensed-imagery, south-carolina, surface-reflectance-data, texas, time-series-analysis, united-states, usgs-5fa18656d34e198cb793cba5, virginia, washington
Organization: Department of the Interior
Seedlings in experimental plots, Hakalau Forest, Hawaii, 2015

This data release includes data and metadata on 1) avian diet  2) seed rain 3) understory plant composition 4) seedling abundance and 5) sampling locations for these sites. In addition it includes data on seedling abundance, grass cover and light levels for a grass removal/seed addition experiment . All sites were within Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge on Hawaii Island. This study looked at  multiple biotic interactions that potentially lead to self-reinforcing feedbacks within intact forest and degraded forest sites. Specifically, this data describes seedling recruitment in experimental plots where we add seed and removed grass to ask what limits seedling recruitment in this ecosystem.

Tags: avian-diet, botany, ecology, exotic-grass, forest-resources, forest-restoration, hakalau-forest-national-wildlife-refuge, hawaii, land-use-change, plant-competition, plant-ecology, seed-limitation, seedling-recruitment, tropical-forest-dynamics, usgs-5fa0fc0ad34e198cb793cac8
Organization: Department of the Interior
Seedlings and cover data for Hakalau Forest, Hawaii, 2012-2016

This data release includes data and metadata on 1) avian diet  2) seed rain 3) understory plant composition 4) seedling abundance and 5) sampling locations for these sites. In addition it includes data on seedling abundance, grass cover and light levels for a grass removal/seed addition experiment . All sites were within Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge on Hawaii Island. This study looked at  multiple biotic interactions that potentially lead to self-reinforcing feedbacks within intact forest and degraded forest sites. This data in particular quantifies natural seedling regeneration in our sites, and the cover of different substrates and vegetation in the immediate area of these seedlings.

Tags: avian-diet, botany, ecology, exotic-grass, forest-resources, forest-restoration, hakalau-forest-national-wildlife-refuge, hawaii, land-use-change, plant-competition, plant-ecology, seed-limitation, seedling-recruitment, tropical-forest-dynamics, usgs-5fa0f76cd34e198cb793cabf
Organization: Department of the Interior
Seed rain data for Hakalau Forest, Hawaii, 2015-2016

This data release includes data and metadata on 1) avian diet  2) seed rain 3) understory plant composition 4) seedling abundance and 5) sampling locations for these sites. In addition it includes data on seedling abundance, grass cover and light levels for a grass removal/seed addition experiment . All sites were within Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge on Hawaii Island. This study looked at  multiple biotic interactions that potentially lead to self-reinforcing feedbacks within intact forest and degraded forest sites. Specifically, this data set addresses bird-mediated seed rain as measured by aerial seed rain traps under koa and ʻōhiʻa trees along two transects moving from intact forest uphill into restoration forest areas.

Tags: avian-diet, botany, ecology, exotic-grass, forest-resources, forest-restoration, hakalau-forest-national-wildlife-refuge, hawaii, land-use-change, plant-competition, plant-ecology, seed-limitation, seedling-recruitment, tropical-forest-dynamics, usgs-5fa0f6d9d34e198cb793caba
Organization: Department of the Interior
Light transmittance in experimental plots, Hakalau Forest, Hawaii, 2015

This data release includes data and metadata on 1) avian diet  2) seed rain 3) understory plant composition 4) seedling abundance and 5) sampling locations for these sites. In addition it includes data on seedling abundance, grass cover and light levels for a grass removal/seed addition experiment . All sites were within Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge on Hawaii Island. This study looked at  multiple biotic interactions that potentially lead to self-reinforcing feedbacks within intact forest and degraded forest sites. Most of this study was done with sampling, however we also implemented an experiment in which we manipulated grass biomass and seed addition to specifically ask how these factors limit native plant recruitment. As a part of this, we also documented light levels under the different canopy trees and across the different habitat types where we had implemented the experiment.

Tags: avian-diet, botany, ecology, exotic-grass, forest-resources, forest-restoration, hakalau-forest-national-wildlife-refuge, hawaii, land-use-change, plant-competition, plant-ecology, seed-limitation, seedling-recruitment, tropical-forest-dynamics, usgs-5fa0f617d34e198cb793cab5
Organization: Department of the Interior
Grass Biomass in experimental plots, Hakalau Forest, Hawaii, 2015

This data release includes data and metadata on 1) avian diet  2) seed rain 3) understory plant composition 4) seedling abundance and 5) sampling locations for these sites. In addition it includes data on seedling abundance, grass cover and light levels for a grass removal/seed addition experiment . All sites were within Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge on Hawaii Island. This study looked at  multiple biotic interactions that potentially lead to self-reinforcing feedbacks within intact forest and degraded forest sites. Specifically, this data set provides grass biomass data for plots where we implemented a grass removal/seed addition experiment in order to look at how these two factors relate to each other in limiting native plant recruitment. As a part of this we wanted to understand the underlying variability in grass biomass under different canopy trees and across habitat types.

Tags: avian-diet, botany, ecology, exotic-grass, forest-resources, forest-restoration, hakalau-forest-national-wildlife-refuge, hawaii, land-use-change, plant-competition, plant-ecology, seed-limitation, seedling-recruitment, tropical-forest-dynamics, usgs-5fa0f597d34e198cb793cab0
Organization: Department of the Interior
Erodibility Data from Gust Erosion Chamber Experiments in Grizzly Bay and San Pablo Bay, California, Summer 2019

A Gust erosion chamber was used to apply horizontal shear stress to sediment cores obtained from San Pablo and Grizzly (within Suisun) Bays in California.  A pair of sediment cores were collected from the same approximate locations in each bay six times between June 12th, 2019 and August 15th, 2019 for a total of 12 experiments and 24 sediment core results. Locations were chosen to capture the benthic variability along the estuarine salinity gradient, are established benthic monitoring stations, proximity to historic/restored wetlands, and practicality for field operations.  Sampling dates targeted spring and neap tide conditions.  An onshore experiment was conducted on each core to apply shear stresses with stepwise and monotonic increases. Effluent following erosion was monitored for turbidity and sampled for suspended-sediment concentration analysis. For each core, experiment results were used to calculate the following at each applied shear stress step of the experiment: 1) critical shear stress required to initiate erosion, 2) mass eroded per square meter, and 3) the erosion rate coefficient (M). Equations used for calculations are outlined in Process Step 3 of this data release.  Erosion experiments were successful for six core pairs from San Pablo Bay and six core pairs from Grizzly Bay, with initial critical shear stresses ranging 0.030 to 0.075 Pa and erosion rate coefficients ranging  2.1e-05 to 2.1e-03 kg/(m^2*s^1*Pa).

Tags: california-water-science-center, cawsc, erosion, fine-unconsolidated-substrate, grab-sampling, grizzly-bay, gust-chamber, micro-erosion, oceans, san-francisco-bay, san-pablo-bay, sea-floor-characteristics, sediment, sediment-erosion, sediment-transport, state-of-california, unconsolidated-deposits, usgs-5fa09e69d34e198cb7919358, usgs-cc-california-bay-delta
Organization: Department of the Interior
Assessing spatial variability of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta during treated wastewater effluent holds: August and September 2019 high resolution mapping surveys

The study is comprised of daily survey data consisting of high resolution mapping and discrete sample collection of nutrients, phytoplankton, and related water quality constituents conducted in the Sacramento River, Georgiana Slough, and the North and South Forks of the Mokelumne River on August 28 and September 10-12, 2019, coincident with planned holds of treated wastewater effluent from Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant (SRWTP) on August 27 and September 9-11, 2019.

Tags: biogeochemistry, biota, california, central-valley, drinking-water-use, environment, georgiana-slough, high-resolution, hydrogeology, inlandwaters, lower-sacramento, mokelumne-river, nutrient-content-water, nutrients, phytoplankton, public-supply-water-use, real-time, sacramento-river, sacramento-san-joaquin-delta, statistical-analysis, united-states, usgs-5fa096b1d34e198cb7919341, visualization-methods, water-quality
Organization: Department of the Interior
Regions for regional regression equations

Regional regression equations were calculated in Puerto Rico with generalized least squares techniques to estimate flood frequency statistics at ungaged locations using drainage area as the only explanatory variable. The island was divided into 2 regions to minimize residuals. The region division that resulted in lower and more balanced residuals runs primarily north-south near the center of the island, mostly along an 8-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC8) boundary. The division line runs through a HUC8 polygon on the southern end of the island, but care was taken to include entire watersheds and consideration was given where hydrologic and physiographic properties differed. This data release includes geographic information system files that define the polygons for both regions.

Tags: floods, huc, inlandwaters, regression-analysis, river-discharge, statistical-analysis, streamflow, streamflow-monitoring, usgs-5fa06e49d34e198cb79192a3, watershed, watershed-boundary-dataset, wbd
Organization: Department of the Interior
Public supply groundwater wells associated with Hydrogeologic Mapping Units

Data from more than 75,000 community public supply wells were acquired from national and state agencies. Using the information provided by the agencies, along with surficial and bedrock geologic maps, the wells were assigned to a national Principal Aquifer (PA) as defined in USGS (2003) or a Secondary Hydrogeologic Region (SHR) as defined in Belitz et al. (2018). Collectively, both PAs and SHRs are referred to as Hydrogeologic Regions (HRs). The HR identifies the primary source of water for the well. The locations of the wells were generalized so that they plot in the center of a 2 kilometer square grid. The county information provided identifies the county the well is located within based on it’s actual location, not the generalized location. A total of 76,354 wells were assigned to an HR, 41 wells were assigned to "basement" or "bedrock" because there was not enough information to assign to a specific HR.

Tags: drinking-water-use, geoscientificinformation, public-supply-wells, usgs-5fa041ded34e198cb7919217, water-use
Organization: Department of the Interior
Data from a flume investigation using Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (FO-DTS), U.S. Geological Survey Geomorphology and Sediment Transport Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, fall 2019

Evaluating technologies and approaches to identify the movement of fine sediment over coarser substrate has implications for monitoring the condition of habitat restoration sites. This goal motivated testing the efficacy of Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (FO-DTS) as a technique for detecting the migration of sand bedforms over coarser bed material. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory flume at the USGS Geomorphology and Sediment Transport Laboratory (GSTL) in Golden, Colorado. An approximately 20-meter length of fiber optic cable was placed in the flume. The first 5 meter segment of cable was buried in approximately 5 centimeters of gravel substrate and extended from the upstream (top) to the downstream (bottom) of the flume. The next 10 meter segment of cable was placed on the gravel surface and extended from the bottom of the flume to the top of the flume and back to the bottom of the flume. The final 5 meter segment of cable was buried in the gravel and extended from the bottom of the flume to the top of the flume. The gravel had a median grain size of approximately 10 millimeters. The sand, introduced at the upstream end of the flume using a sediment feeder, had a median grain size of 0.6 millimeters. Water in the tail tank was heated for 12 hours and then the heater was shut off for 12 hours. Water from the tank was circulated through the flume during this cycle and a temperature profile was recorded with a Silixa XT-DTS along the entire length of the FO cable at 0.25 meter increments once every minute. This data set contains the results of 6 experiments conducted at GSTL during the fall of 2019. The first experiment, performed on November 17, 2019, can be considered a control wherein the heater was cycled for 12 hours without upstream sediment supply. In the subsequent experiments the heater was cycled for 12 hours and sediment was added at the upstream end of the flume over a period of four hours. The advance of the bedform was monitored by the FO-DTS which was used to detect regions of thermal dampening caused by the overlying sand.

Tags: bedforms, distributed-temperature-sensing, laboratory, sediment-temperature, sediment-transport, usgs-5fa02637d34e198cb7919066
Organization: Department of the Interior
Geospatial data of watershed characteristics for select U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging stations in New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas useful for statistical study of annual peak streamflows in and near Texas

This dataset provides watershed delineations for 1,703 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgaging stations (gages) for geospatial statistical study of peak streamflows in and near Texas. These streamgaging stations are in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico (east of the Great Continental Divide) with some of the watersheds associated with the 1,703 streamgaging stations extending into several surrounding states or into Mexico. Watershed characteristics are indexed by using the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) version 2.2.1 Indexing was accomplished by using the Permanent Identifier (PERMID; a string that uniquely identifies each feature in the NHD) and by using the USGS identification number for the streamgaging station (gage). The following watershed characteristics are included: watershed centroid, area, perimeter, basin shape index, sinuosity, drainage area, contributing drainage area, functional drainage area, summed values per watershed from the National Inventory of Dams (NID), mean watershed slope, main-channel slope, 10-85 slope, streamgaging station point elevation, mean elevation per watershed, mean annual precipitation per streamgaging station, mean annual and monthly precipitation per watershed, mean annual and monthly solar radiation per streamgaging station, mean annual and monthly solar radiation per watershed, hydrologic soil groups per watershed, land cover per watershed, and multi order hydrologic position of streamgaging stations and stream segments. The watershed characteristics in this dataset are used to describe the point at the USGS streamgaging station, the full watershed that defines each site, and the main channel segment of each watershed.

Tags: hydrologic-soil-group, hydrology, inlandwaters, land-cover, mohp, new-mexico, oklahoma, skew, slope, solar-radiation, streamflow, streamgaging-station, texas, usgs-5fa0078cd34e198cb7919034, watershed
Organization: Department of the Interior
Middle Wilcox Aquifer: Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Tennessee  2006-2008

Digital hydrogeologic surface of the Middle Wolcox Aquifer in Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, 
Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Tennessee. The hydrogeologic unit dataset 
contains 414 rows and 394 columns representing 1-mile grid spacing. In general, limitations 
of data interpolation included areas of sparse geophysical log control points, log datums not 
clearly defined for some logs, unknown exact extent of each hydrogeologic unit in subcrop, 
interpolation limitations, and values averaged over 1-mile grid spacing.

Tags: east-gulf-coastal-plain, gis, groundwater, inlandwaters, meras, mississippi-alluvial-plain, mississippi-embayment, mississippi-embayment-regional-aquifer-study, usgs-5f9d5b9c-dd7d-44b7-8b7e-d365807455b0, water-availability, water-use, west-gulf-coastal-plain
Organization: Department of the Interior
Puerto Rico Generalized Least Squares WREG Regression Files

Generalized least squares (GLS) techniques were used with at-site statistics, from PeakFQ, and drainage area for streamgages in Puerto Rico to calculate regional regression equations for ungaged locations. The GLS approach assigns weights based on uncertainty of the observations (ie. record length and variance) and accounts for correlated streamflows and time-sampling errors (Farmer and others, 2019).  Two separate regions were defined for the use of these equations to minimize residuals, and performance metrics from WREG were analyzed to determine drainage area as the only explanatory variable provided the best results. Values for the correlation smoothing function in region 1 were alpha equal to 0.006 and theta of 0.96 and for region 2 alpha equal to 0.004 and theta of 0.94. 
This data release includes (1) a PeakFQ folder that contains input files, both .EXP and .PRT (output from PeakFQ), for use in WREG; (2) a SiteInfo folder for use in WREG that contains information about each site used, separated by region; and (3) a Results folder showing the WREG output of each annual exceedance probability flow, separated by regression region where applicable. 
References Cited: 
Farmer, W.H., Kiang, J.E., Feaster, T.D., and Eng, K., 2019, Regionalization of surface-water statistics using multiple linear regression: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 4, chap. A12, 40 p., Accessed August 4, 2020 at https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4A12.

Tags: drainage-basin, floods, puerto-rico, regression-analysis, river-discharge, statistical-analysis, streamflow, streamflow-monitoring, usgs-5f8740e182cebef40f1721e4, usgs-5f9c56a4d34e198cb78de2c5
Organization: Department of the Interior
At-site Flood Frequency PeakFQ Estimates in Puerto Rico Through Water Year 2017

The magnitude and frequency of floods at 91 rural, unregulated streamgages in Puerto Rico were updated using annual peak-flows through 2017. The USGS program PeakFQ version 7.3 (U.S. Geological Survey, 2019) was used to estimate the parameters of the Log-Pearson Type III distribution using updated methods outlined in Bulletin 17C (England and others, 2018) and regional skew of 0.28 and a mean-squared error of 0.20. This data release includes (1) a spreadsheet file showing streamgage information, perception thresholds, and intervals used in PeakFQ; (2) raw input files (.txt) and spec file (.psf) loaded into PeakFQ; and (3) output files (.PRT) from PeakFQ showing the magnitude and frequency peak-flow estimates, as well as paramters of the Log-Pearson Type III distribution and Kendall's tau trend test. 
References Cited: 
U.S. Geological Survey, 2019, PeakFQ version 7.3, accessed December 17, 2019, at https://water.usgs.gov/software/PeakFQ/.
England J.F., Jr., Cohn, T.A., Faber, B.A., Stedinger,J.R., Thomas,W.O.,Jr., Veilleux,A.G., Kiang,J.E., and Mason,R.R., Jr., 2018, Guidelines for determining flood flow frequency —Bulletin 17C: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 4, chap. B5, 148p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4B5.

Tags: floods, puerto-rico, regression-analysis, river-discharge, statistical-analysis, streamflow, streamflow-monitoring, usgs-5f8740e182cebef40f1721e4, usgs-5f9c519fd34e198cb78de24a
Organization: Department of the Interior