AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
National Assessment Survey of Law Enforcement Anti-Gang Information Resources, 1990-1991

This study constituted a systematic national assessment of
 local law enforcement perceptions of the distribution of gang and
 gang-like problems in large cities in the United States, law
 enforcement reactions to gangs, and their policies toward gang
 problems. One purpose of the study was to examine changes in law
 enforcement perceptions of the U.S. gang problem that have occurred
 since NATIONAL YOUTH GANG INTERVENTION AND SUPPRESSION SURVEY,
 1980-1987 (ICPSR 9792) was undertaken. The overall goal was to obtain
 as "conservative" as possible an estimate of the magnitude of the
 gang problem in the United States as reflected by the official
 reaction, record-keeping, and reporting of local law enforcement
 agencies. The agencies were asked to refer the interviewer to the
 individual representative of the agency who could provide the most
 information about the agency's processing of information on gangs and
 other youth-based groups engaged in criminal activity. To obtain each
 law enforcement agency's official, not personal, perspective on gang
 problems, anonymity was intentionally avoided. Each respondent was
 first asked whether the respondent's agency officially identified a
 "gang problem" within their jurisdiction. Gangs were defined for
 this study as groups involving youths engaging in criminal activity.
 Respondents were then asked if their department officially recognized
 the presence of other kinds of organized groups that engaged in
 criminal activity and involved youths and that might be identified by
 their department as crews, posses, or some other designation. Based on
 affirmative answers to questions on the officially recognized presence
 of gangs and the kinds of record-keeping employed by their
 departments, agencies were sent customized questionnaire packets
 asking for specifics on only those aspects of the gang problem that
 their representative had reported the agency kept information on.
 Variables include city name, state, ZIP code, whether the city
 participated in National Youth Gang Intervention and Suppression
 Survey, 1980-1987, and, if so, if the city reported a gang problem.
 Data on gangs include the number of homicides and other violent,
 property, drug-related, and vice offenses attributed to youth gangs
 and female gangs, total number of gang incidents, gangs, gang members,
 female gang members, and gangs comprised only of females for 1991,
 number of juvenile gang-related incidents and adult gang-related
 incidents in 1991, number of drive-by shootings involving gang members
 or female gang members in 1991, and numbers or percent estimates of
 gang members by ethnic groups for 1990 and 1991. Respondents also
 indicated whether various strategies for combating gang problems had
 been attempted by the department, and if so, how effective each of the
crime prevention measures were.

Tags: cities, crime, gang-members, gang-violence, gangs, juvenile-gangs, law-enforcement-agencies
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of the Los Angeles County Regimented Inmate Diversion (RID) Program, 1990-1991

This data collection documents an evaluation of the Los
 Angeles County Sheriff's Regimented Inmate Diversion (RID) program
 conducted with male inmates who were participants in the program
 during September 1990-August 1991. The evaluation was designed to
 determine whether county-operated boot camp programs for male inmates
 were feasible and cost-effective. An evaluation design entailing both
 process and impact components was undertaken to fully assess the
 overall effects of the RID program on offenders and on the county jail
 system. The process component documented how the RID program actually
 operated in terms of its selection criteria, delivery of programs,
 length of participation, and program completion rates. Variables
 include demographic/criminal data (e.g., race, date of birth, arrest
 charge, bail and amount, sentence days, certificates acquired, marital
 status, employment status, income), historical state and county arrest
 data (e.g., date of crime, charge, disposition, probation time, jail
 time, type of crime), boot camp data (e.g., entry into and exit from
 boot camp, reason for exit, probation dates, living conditions,
 restitution order), drug history data (e.g., drug used, frequency,
 method), data on drug tests, and serious incidence data. The impact
 data were collected on measures of recidivism, program costs,
institutional behavior, and RID's effect on jail crowding.

Tags: cost-effectiveness, male-offenders, prison-inmates, program-evaluation, shock-incarceration-programs
Organization: Department of Justice
Drugs and Crime in Public Housing, 1986-1989: Los Angeles, Phoenix, and Washington, DC

This study investigates rates of serious crime for selected
 public housing developments in Washington, DC, Phoenix, Arizona, and
 Los Angeles, California, for the years 1986 to 1989. Offense rates in
 housing developments were compared to rates in nearby areas of private
 housing as well as to city-wide rates. In addition, the extent of law
 enforcement activity in housing developments as represented by arrests
 was considered and compared to arrest levels in other areas. This
 process allowed both intra-city and inter-city comparisons to be
 made. Variables cover study site, origin of data, year of event,
 offense codes, and location of event. Los Angeles files also include
police division.

Tags: arrest-rates, arrests, cities, crime-rates, drug-traffic, public-housing
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of the Impact of Innovative Policing Programs on Social Disorder in Seven Cities in the United States, 1983-1990

This study was designed to permit a "meta-evaluation" of
 the impact of alternative policing programs on social disorder.
 Examples of social disorder include bands of teenagers deserting
 school and congregating on street corners, solicitation by prostitutes
 and panhandlers, public drinking, vandalism, verbal harassment of
 women on the street, street violence, and open gambling and drug
 use. The data used in this study were taken from studies conducted
 between 1983 and 1990 in seven cities. For this collection, a common
 set of questions was identified and recoded into a consistent format
 across studies. The studies were conducted using similar sampling and
 interviewing procedures, and in almost every case used a
 quasi-experimental research design. For each target area studied, a
 different, matched area was designated as a comparison area where no
 new policing programs were begun. Surveys of residents were conducted
 in the target and comparison areas before the programs began (Wave I)
 and again after they had been in operation for a period ranging from
 ten months to two-and-a-half years (Wave II). The data contain
 information regarding police visibility and contact, encounters with
 police, victimization, fear and worry about crime, household
 protection and personal precautions, neighborhood conditions and
 problems, and demographic characteristics of respondents including
 race, marital status, employment status, education, sex, age, and
 income. The policing methods researched included community-oriented
policing and traditional intensive enforcement programs.

Tags: civil-disorders, demographic-characteristics, fear-of-crime, neighborhood-conditions, neighborhoods, police-intervention, police-response, program-evaluation, victimization
Organization: Department of Justice
Clients of Street Prostitutes in Portland, Oregon, San Francisco and Santa Clara, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada, 1996-1999

These data were collected to examine the background
characteristics, attitudes, and reported behaviors of arrested clients
of prostitutes, with particular attention to the issue of violence
against women. Client intervention programs in four cities provided
opportunities for gathering information from men arrested for trying
to hire street prostitutes. For the study, a detailed anonymous
questionnaire was administered to men before the beginning of every
client intervention workshop in San Francisco, California, and
Portland, Oregon. The questionnaire was also administered at a small
program in Santa Clara, California, which was modeled after the San
Francisco program. During the course of the study, the Portland
program ceased operations and a new program began in Las Vegas, which
became a significant source of data. Men were asked about their sexual
behavior, including the number and type of partners, frequency of sex,
interest in pornography, age and circumstances of first sexual
encounter with a prostitute, sexual acts performed with prostitutes,
and condom use with prostitutes. Clients were also asked about their
attitudes toward premarital sex, homosexual sex, extramarital sex, and
sex between adults and children. Other questions probed men's views
about prostitutes, the legality of prostitution, and violence against
women. Background information gathered on clients included race,
educational level, sexual orientation, marital status, work status,
socioeconomic status, age, parents' marital status, history of sexual
or physical abuse, military service, relationship history, and sexual
preferences.

Tags: human-behavior, pornography, prostitution, sex-offenses, sexual-attitudes, sexual-behavior
Organization: Department of Justice
Gangs on the Street, Gangs in Prison: Their Nature, Interrelationship, Control, and Re-Entry, Texas, 2016-2018

This study includes 802 interviews that were conducted in two Texas prisons with inmates who were within a week of release. 532 of these individuals were re-interviewed within roughly one month of their release and 482 were re-interviewed roughly nine months after release. In addition to interviews, Texas Department of Criminal Justice Records were made available to the research team and half of the interviews were conducted with identified gang members. This study assesses whether gang members can be surveyed in prisons with fidelity and reports descriptive statistics on gang and non-gang members. More than forty separate scales were included in the interview.

Tags: correctional-facilities, gang-members, gangs, inmates, prison-inmates
Organization: Department of Justice
Crime Control Effects of Sentencing in Essex County, New Jersey, 1976-1997

This study was undertaken to examine the ways in which
 different felony sanctions impact the future behavior of felony
 offenders. The study sought to determine whether the following made a
 difference in subsequent criminal behavior: (1) sentences of
 confinement, (2) the length of sentence (both the sentence imposed and
 that which was actually served), and (3) sentences of probation
 combined with jail ("split" sentences), or combined with fines,
 restitution, or other alternative sanctions. Data were collected from
 questionnaires completed by 18 judges of the Essex County, New Jersey,
 courts and by probation staff. Follow-up data were collected from
 official records provided by probation, jail, prison, and parole case
 files. Follow-up data were also collected from the following official
 records: (1) the New Jersey Offender-Based Transaction System
 Computerized Criminal History, (2) the New Jersey Department of
 Corrections Offender-Based Correctional Information System, (3) the
 United States Department of Justice Interstate Identification Index,
 (4) the National Crime Information Center Wanted Persons File, (5) the
 New Jersey PROMIS/GAVEL Prosecutors Case Tracking System, and (6)
 administrative record files of the New Jersey Department of
 Corrections. Variables in the data file include the most serious
 offense charge, most serious offense of conviction, dimension of
 conviction, offense type (person, property, social order, fraud, or
 drug offense), number of prior probations, number of probation
 revocations, number of prior jail and prison terms, mitigating and
 aggravating factors affecting the sentence, type of sentence, special
 conditions of probation, fines and restitutions imposed, minimum and
 maximum incarceration terms (in months), history of drug offenses,
 type of drugs used, probation and parole violations, total number of
 prior arrests and prior convictions, and longest arrest-free period
 after first arrest. The type of post-sentence offense, dimension,
 disposition charge, sentence, and date of arrest are provided for
 arresting events and charge episodes 1 through 108 for any
 offender. For up to 43 arrest events (for any offender), the date of
 lockup and date of exit from confinement are provided. The file also
 includes recommendations made by prosecutors and probation officers,
 and judges' ratings (on a scale of one to nine) with respect to the
 likelihood of an offender committing future property crimes, crimes
 against persons, or any crime. Judges also rated the arrest record
 length, conviction record length, and social stability of each
 offender. Retribution points, incapacitation points, and specific
 deterrence points assigned by the judges complete the
 file. Demographic variables include the race and sex of each convicted
offender, and the age of the offender at first conviction.

Tags: arrest-records, convictions-law, crime-control, crime-prevention, drug-law-offenses, felons, fines, imprisonment, jails, probation, recidivism, sentencing
Organization: Department of Justice
Multisite Evaluation of Shock Incarceration:  [Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas], 1987-1992

This study analyzes shock incarceration (boot camp)
 programs in Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Oklahoma, South
 Carolina, and Texas. In each state, offenders who participated in boot
 camps were compared with demographically similar offenders who were
 sentenced to prison, probation, or parole. The impact of shock
 incarceration on offenders was assessed in two major areas: (1)
 changes in offenders' attitudes, expectations, and outlook during
 incarceration (self-report/attitude data), and (2) performance during
 and adjustment to community supervision after incarceration (community
 supervision data). The self-report/attitude data include variables
 measuring criminal history, drinking and drug abuse, and attitudes
 toward the shock incarceration program, as well as demographic
 variables, such as age, race, employment, income, education, and
 military experience. The community supervision data contain
 information on offenders' behaviors during community supervision, such
 as arrests, absconding incidents, jail time, drug use, education and
 employment experiences, financial and residential stability, and
 contacts with community supervision officers, along with
 demographic variables, such as age and race. In addition to these key
 areas, more detailed data were collected in Louisiana, including a
 psychological assessment, a risk and needs assessment, and a community
 supervision follow-up at two different time periods (Parts 11-18). For
 most states, the subjects sampled in the self-report/attitude survey
 were different from those who were surveyed in the community
 supervision phase of data collection. Data collection practices and
 sample structures differed by state, and therefore the data files are
 organized to explore the impact of shock incarceration at the state
level. For each state, the unit of analysis is the offender.

Tags: alcohol-abuse, criminal-histories, drug-abuse, offenders, parole, prison-inmates, probation, program-evaluation, shock-incarceration-programs
Organization: Department of Justice
Translational Criminology in Florida's Adult and Juvenile Corrections 2015-2016

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
This study contains data from a web-based survey focusing on the impact of various factors on knowledge translation, barriers to knowledge translation, and facilitators of knowledge translation. The respondents comprised of critical state agency and legislative practitioners and policymakers and academic researchers in adult and juvenile corrections. Respondents were asked to estimate the extent to which adult and juvenile correctional policy and practice were influenced by research, and to identify the common pathways where research impacts policy.
The study includes one Stata data file: survey_nij_submission.dta (19 cases; 51 variables).
Data related to respondents' qualitative interviews are not available as part of this collection.

Tags: corrections, criminal-justice-policy, juvenile-justice
Organization: Department of Justice
Injury Evidence, Forensic Evidence and the Prosecution of Sexual Assault, United States, 2005-2011

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
This project explored the use and impact of injury evidence and biological evidence through a study of the role of these forms of evidence in prosecuting sexual assault in an urban district attorney's office in a metropolitan area in the eastern United States.  The research questions addressed in this summary overview were as follows:
 How frequent were different forms of injury evidence and biological evidence in the sample? Is the presence of injury evidence and biological evidence correlated with the presence of other forms of evidence?Which types of cases and case circumstances are more likely to yield injury evidence and biological evidence? Do the presence of injury evidence and biological evidence predict criminal justice outcomes, taking into account the effects of other predictors? In what ways do prosecutors use injury evidence and biological evidence and what is their appraisal of their impact on case outcomes?  The collection contains 1 SPSS data file, DataArchiveFile_InjuryEvidenceForensicEvidenceandthe ProsecutionofSexualAssault4-7-17.sav (n=257; 417 variables).The qualitative data files were excluded from deposit with ICPSR and are not available as part of this data collection at this time.

Tags: crime-statistics, evidence, injuries, prosecution, rape-statistics, sexual-assault, suspect-identification, witness-assistance
Organization: Department of Justice
Suicide and Risk Behaviors in an Incarcerated American Indian Population in the Northern Plains [United States], 1999-2000

This study was initiated by the administrator of a county
jail in the Northern Plains of the United States who was concerned
about the incidence of suicide behaviors in that facility,
particularly among the American Indian population. It was a two-year
project designed to evaluate the existing admissions suicide screening
tool and to improve the instrument's cultural relevance for the
American Indian population. The existing screening instrument used in
the county jail to interview inmates at their intake was developed in
New York. The main objective of the first year of the project was to
determine if that instrument was culturally appropriate for the jailed
American Indian population. The principal objective of the second year
of the project was to determine whether the employment of different
suicide screening protocols would make a difference in the responses
of new detainees with regard to the likelihood of securing their
honest reports of experiencing suicide ideation and its associated
risk factors. For the duration of the project, all male and female
inmates aged 18 and older who were booked into the jail went through
the customary booking procedure that included the administration of
the New York Suicide Prevention Screening Guidelines. In the first
year of the project, researchers also administered a short self-report
survey consisting of measures commonly associated with suicidal
ideation. The self-report survey measured stress, anxiety, suicide
ideation, hopelessness, and suicidal behavior history. The protocols
in the second year of the project reflected efforts to test different
screening conditions for four experimental groups and one control
group of new detainees. The outcome variables of the short self-report
survey consisted of measures of demographics, comfort experience
during booking and the screening process, self-efficacy and management
of depression, knowledge of mental health support available within the
jail, and general well-being. In addition to the quantitative data
collection, qualitative data were also collected to develop a
straightforward assessment of suicide ideation criteria in this
specific jail setting using semi-structured focus group interviews.

Tags: cultural-influences, emotional-states, jail-inmates, native-americans, suicide, suicide-prevention
Organization: Department of Justice
Correlates and Consequences of Juvenile Exposure to Violence in the United States, 1995

This study examined the effect of exposure to violence on
 juveniles. It was specifically concerned with juveniles' perceptions
 of violence in schools and communities and how exposure to violence
 served as a risk factor for juvenile drug and alcohol use and
 participation in other delinquent activities. It also sought to
 develop a more complete picture of the context and consequences of
 violence in schools. The data for this study were drawn from the
 NATIONAL SURVEY OF ADOLESCENTS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1995 (ICPSR
 2833). The data were collected through a national probability
 telephone sample of 4,023 juveniles and their parents or guardians.
 The current study drew primarily on the questions that were asked
 about respondents' experiences witnessing violence, their own
 victimization, peer and family deviance, their own delinquent
activities, and drug and alcohol use.

Tags: alcohol-abuse, drug-use, family-violence, juveniles, school-violence, substance-abuse, violence
Organization: Department of Justice