AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
GHRSST L3C NOAA/ACSPO GOES-18/ABI  America Region Sea Surface Temperature v2.90 dataset

The G18-ABI-L3C-ACSPO-v2.90 dataset produced by the NOAA Advanced Clear Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) system is used to derive Sea Surface Skin Temperature (SST) from he Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard the GOES-18 satellite. NOAA’s GOES-18 (aka, GOES-T) was launched on March 1, 2022, replacing GOES-17 as GOES West in January 2023. It is the third satellite in the geostationary GOES–R Series, the Western Hemisphere’s most sophisticated weather-observing and environmental-monitoring system. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) is the primary instrument on the GOES-R Series for imaging Earth’s weather, oceans, and environment. <br><br>
The G18-ABI-L3C-ACSPO-v2.90 dataset is a gridded version of the G18-ABI-L2P-ACSPO-v2.90 dataset (https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/G18-ABI-L2P-ACSPO-v2.90).  The L3C (Level 3 Collated) output files reported hourly, 24 granules per day, with a daily volume of 1.2 GB/day.  Valid SSTs are found over oceans, sea, lakes or rivers, with fill values reported elsewhere. All valid SSTs in L3C are recommended for users, although data over internal waters may not have enough in situ data to be adequately validated. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST. <br><br>
The ACSPO G18/ABI L3C product is continuously monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) in SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010). The NRT files are replaced with Delayed Mode (DM) files, with a latency of ~2-months. File names remain unchanged, and DM vs NRT can be identified by different time stamps and global attributes inside the files (MERRA instead of GFS for atmospheric profiles, and same day CMC L4 analyses in DM instead of one-day delayed in NRT processing).

Tags: earth-science, ocean-temperature, oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GLAS/ICESat L2 Global Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheet Altimetry Data (HDF5) V034

GLAH06 is used in conjunction with GLAH05 to create the Level-2 altimetry products. Level-2 altimetry data provide surface elevations for ice sheets (GLAH12), sea ice (GLAH13), land (GLAH14), and oceans (GLAH15). Data also include the laser footprint geolocation and reflectance, as well as geodetic, instrument, and atmospheric corrections for range measurements. The Level-2 elevation products, are regional products archived at 14 orbits per granule, starting and stopping at the same demarcation (± 50° latitude) as GLAH05 and GLAH06. Each regional product is processed with algorithms specific to that surface type. Surface type masks define which data are written to each of the products. If any data within a given record fall within a specific mask, the entire record is written to the product. Masks can overlap: for example, non-land data in the sea ice region may be written to the sea ice and ocean products. This means that an algorithm may write the same data to more than one Level-2 product. In this case, different algorithms calculate the elevations in their respective products. The surface type masks are versioned and archived at NSIDC, so users can tell which data to expect in each product.  Each data granule has an associated browse product.

Tags: cryosphere, earth-science, glaciers-ice-sheets, oceans, sea-ice, terrestrial-hydrosphere
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Key Real-World Applications of Classifier Ensembles

Broad classes of statistical classification algorithms have beendeveloped and applied successfully to a wide range of real worlddomains. In general, ensuring that the particular classificationalgorithm matches the properties of the data is crucial inproviding results that meet the needs of the particular applicationdomain. One way in which the impact of this algorithm/applicationmatch can be alleviated is by using ensembles of classifiers, wherea variety of classifiers (either different types of classifiers ordifferent instantiations of the same classifier) are pooled before afinal classification decision is made. Intuitively, classifierensembles allow the different needs of a difficult problem to behandled by classifiers suited to those particular needs.Mathematically, classifier ensembles provide an extra degree offreedom in the classical bias/variance tradeoff, allowing solutionsthat would be difficult (if not impossible) to reach with only asingle classifier. Because of these advantages, classifier ensembles have been applied to many difficult real world problems. In this paper, we surveyselect applications of ensemble methods to problems that havehistorically been most representative of the difficulties inclassification. In particular, we survey applications of ensemblemethods to remote sensing, person recognition, one vs. allrecognition, and medicine.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Aquarius L3 Weekly Polar-Gridded Brightness Temperature and Sea Surface Salinity V005

The data set consists of weekly gridded Level-3 products of Aquarius L-band radiometer brightness temperature (TB) observations and Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) retrievals from the Aquarius/Satélite de Aplicaciones Científicas (SAC-D) mission, developed collaboratively between the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Argentina's space agency, Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE).

Tags: cryosphere, earth-science, microwave, oceans, salinity-density, sea-ice, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SWOT Level 2 Nadir Altimeter Geophysical Data Record with Waveforms - SGDR

The SWOT Level 2 Nadir Altimeter Geophysical Data Record (GDR) with Waveforms dataset produced by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides sea surface height, significant wave height and wind speed measurements from the Poseidon-3C nadir altimeter, a Jason-class dual frequency (Ku/C) altimeter. SWOT is a joint mission between NASA and CNES that launched on December 16, 2022. It aims to measure ocean surface topography with unprecedented resolution and accuracy, as well as map inland water bodies globally. The GDR dataset consists of discrete measurements for each half orbit along the ground track with sampling resolutions of approximately 6-km and 300-m at 1Hz and 20Hz, respectively. The data were processed using restituted auxiliary data and the Precise Orbit Ephemeris (POE). The data are available with latency of < 90 days and distributed in netCDF-4 file format.
<br>This collection is a sub-collection of its parent: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SWOT_L2_NALT_GDR_2.0

Tags: earth-science, ocean-waves, oceans, sea-surface-topography
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Heliocentric Trajectories Web Services API at the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF)

The Heliocentric Trajectories Web services allow a software developer to use portions of the HelioWeb data in their own application. The Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) is the archive of non-solar data for the Heliospheric Science Division (HSD) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.

Tags: api, heliophysics, sdk, software-development-kit, space-physics, sun-solar, trajectory
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
USGS Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) Bangladesh

The Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) is an initiative of the inter-governmental Group on Earth Observations (GEO) that aims to:

foster the sustained availability of observations for national forest monitoring systems; support governments that are establishing national systems by providing a platform for coordinating observations, providing assistance and guidance on utilizing observations, developing accepted methods and protocols, and promoting ongoing research and development; and work with national governments that report into international forest assessments (such as the global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) of the Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO) and the national greenhouse gas inventories reported to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) using methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Tags: agricultural-plant-science, agriculture, earth-science, forest-science
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
CERES Bidirectional Scans Terra FM2 Edition1-CV

CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Bidirectional Scans (BDS) Terra Flight Model 2 (FM2) Edition1-CV data product,which was collected using the CERES-FM2 instrument on the Terra platform. This data product is intended only to be used for instrument validation purposes and is, therefore, not suited for science publications. Data collection for this product is ongoing. 

Note: Edition1-CV data are for instrument validation purposes only and not suited for science publications.

Each CERES BDS data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1B data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. CERES is a key component of the Earth Observing System (EOS) program. 

CERES is a key component of the Earth Observing System (EOS) program. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions are a follow-on to the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997 as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-radiation, earth-science, infrared-wavelengths, sensor-characteristics, spectral-engineering, visible-wavelengths
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
AMSR-E/AMSR2 Unified L3 Global Weekly Ascending/Descending .25x.25 deg Ocean Grids V001

The AMSR-E/AMSR2 Unified L3 Global Weekly Ascending/Descending .25 x .25 deg Ocean Grids data set (AU_WkOcn) reports weekly estimates of water vapor, cloud liquid water content, and surface wind speed over the ocean on a global 0.25° × 0.25° resolution grid. The data are derived from the AMSR-E/AMSR2 Unified L2B Global Swath Ocean Products, Version 1 data set.

Sea surface temperatures from the NOAA 1/4° Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) product are also included.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-winds, clouds, earth-science, ocean-temperature, oceans, precipitation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
TRMM Attitude and TMI Packets and Header Record L1A V7 (TRMM_1A11) at GES DISC

The Level-1A Product file, "1A11", is a concatenation of Header record, Spacecraft Attitude packets, TMI Housekeeping packets, TMI Science Data packets, QACs and an MDUL. As such, it is reversible to Level 0. The header record contains information pertaining to orbit times, orbit number, times of the first scan, and number of scans, among other things. The Level 0 data contain the actual channel data expressed as"sensor counts". A Level 1A file contains data for a single orbit and has a file size of about 31 MB (uncompressed). 

Spatial coverage is between 38 degrees North and 38 degrees South owing to the 35 degree inclination of the TRMM satellite. This orbit provides extensive coverage in the tropics and allows each location to be covered at a different local time each day, enabling the analysis of the diurnal cycle of precipitation.

Tags: earth-science, infrared-wavelengths, platform-characteristics, sensor-characteristics, spectral-engineering, visible-wavelengths
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra Global Annual 0.01Deg CMG Snow Cover Climatology V001

This data set presents new global snow cover classification regimes derived from the MODIS Terra cloud gap-filled NDSI data (<a href="https://nsidc.org/data/mod10a1f/versions/61">MOD10A1F</a>), elevation, and temperature climatology inputs. The six data granules are available as NetCDF (.nc) files, with each containing a unique snow cover classification spanning 2001 to 2023. The six classifications included in this data set are: (1) snow class climatology (SSC), (2) core snow season length (CSS), (3) snow cover duration (SCD), (4) full snow season length (FSS), (5) snow persistence (SP), and (6) snow season persistence (SSP).

Tags: cryosphere, earth-science, national-geospatial-data-asset, ngda, snow-ice
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
High Mountain Asia COAWST Daily 4km Regional Climate Model Simulations V001

This data product contains either daily averaged or daily accumulated modeled data in the High Mountain Asia region, generated by the Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Waves-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system (operated as a regional climate model). These modeled data span 15 years and have been used by the NASA High Mountain Asia Team (HiMAT) to research water resource use.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-radiation, atmospheric-water-vapor, atmospheric-winds, cryosphere, earth-science, precipitation, snow-ice
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OPTIMAL PARTITIONS OF DATA IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

OPTIMAL PARTITIONS OF DATA IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

BRADLEY W. JACKSON*, JEFFREY D. SCARGLE**, AND CHRIS CUSANZA, DAVID BARNES, DENNIS
KANYGIN, RUSSELL SARMIENTO, SOWMYA SUBRAMANIAM, TZU-WANG CHUANG***

Abstract. Consider piece-wise constant approximations to a function of several parameters, and
the problem of finding the best such approximation from measurements at a set of points in the
parameter space. We find good approximate solutions to this problem in two steps: (1) partition
the parameter space into cells, one for each of the N data points, and (2) collect these cells into
blocks, such that within each block the function is constant to within measurement uncertainty.
We describe a branch-and-bound algorithm for finding the optimal partition into connected blocks,
as well as an O(N2) dynamic programming algorithm that finds the exact global optimum over this
exponentially large search space, in a data space of any dimension. This second solution relaxes
the connectivity constraint, and requires additivity and convexity conditions on the block fitness
function, but in practice none of these items cause problems. From the wide variety of intelligent
data understanding applications (including cluster analysis, classification, and anomaly detection)
we demonstrate two: partitioning of the State of California (2D) and the Universe (3D).

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SMAPVEX16 Iowa Permanent Soil Moisture Network V001

These data consist of soil moisture, soil temperature and precipitation measurements recorded in 2016 by the permanent soil moisture network; SMAPVEX16-Iowa. The sites were spread out over the experiment domain of about 30km by 40 km located about 30 km north of Ames, Iowa, USA.

The data file contains the soil moisture, soil temperature and precipitation measurements for each station located at the site.

Tags: atmospheric-ocean-indicators, climate-indicators, earth-science, land-surface-agriculture-indicators
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Side Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) Imagery

Side-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) imagery is available from the  U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for selected project areas in the  conterminous United States and Alaska.  Data are X-band synthetic aperture radar (horizontally transmitted, horizontally received) with the exception of some test sites.  Coverage was contracted on a yearly basis.      

The USGS SLAR images most often consist of contact strip images and 1:250,000-scale, map-controlled mosaics. Greater than half of the available SLAR image strips are distributed on 8-mm cassettes, while some image strips are distributed on CD-ROM.  In addition, ancillary products such as indexes (on paper, film, or microfiche) and custom photographic products may also be available. Due to the geographically non-searchable nature of the SLAR inventory, customer assistance may be obtained to determine availability of SLAR data over the user's area of interest. Customer knowledge of USGS 1:250,000-scale map names is beneficial in expediting orders.  A scale of 1:50,000 only applies to Alaska coverage.

Tags: earth-science, radar, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SCR/Nimbus-5 Level 1 Radiance Data from CD-ROM V001 (SCRN5L1RAD_CDROM) at GES DISC

SCRN5L1RAD_CDROM is the gridded Nimbus-5 Selective Chopper Radiometer (SCR) Level 1 Radiance Data Product. The radiances are measured by 16 channels at 2.3 to 15 micrometers with a ground resolution of 25 km. This product contains corrected and uncorrected radiances in a daily 4 degree latitude x 10 degree longitude grid format, as well as the original orbit format and reformatted copies of the original tapes. This was the follow-on to the SCR experiment flown on Nimbus-4. The data for this product are available from 13 December 1972 to 20 April 1978. The principal investigator for the SCR experiment was Dr. John T. Houghton from Oxford University.

This product was created by the Oxford University's Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics (AOPP) group. The data are stored on a set of 28 CD-ROMs in ASCII files of hexadecimal characters, and are available in gzipped Unix tar archive files. The first CD-ROM contains the gridded radiance data and a few original tape data files, the subsequent CD-ROMs contain the remaining compressed copies of the original data tapes. The byte-ordering in the data files follows the DEC convention for 16-bit integers of less significant byte first. Normal 2's complement integer storage is assumed.

Tags: earth-science, infrared-wavelengths, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ROSETTA-ORBITER 67P RSI 1/2/3 COMET ESCORT 1 0535 V1.0

This is a Rosetta Radio Science data set, collected during the COMET ESCORT 1 phase 2014-11-20 to 2015-03-10. It is a Global Gravity measurement at the comet 67P and covers the time 2015-01-14T03:34:35.000 to 2015-01-14T11:40:56.000.

Tags: __
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SWOT Level 2 Nadir Altimeter Interim Geophysical Data Record with Waveforms, Version 2.0

The SWOT Level 2 Nadir Altimeter Interim Geophysical Data Record (IGDR) Version 1.0 dataset produced by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides sea surface height, significant wave height and wind speed measurements from the Poseidon-3C nadir altimeter, a Jason-class dual frequency (Ku/C) altimeter. SWOT is a joint mission between NASA and CNES that launched on December 16, 2022. It aims to measure ocean surface topography with unprecedented resolution and accuracy, as well as map inland water bodies globally.
The IGDR dataset consists of discrete measurements along the nadir track with sampling resolutions of approximately 6-km and 300-m at 1Hz and 20Hz, respectively. The data were processed using the Medium-accuracy (preliminary) Orbit Ephemeris (MOE) and preliminary values for certain auxiliary data. The IGDR data are distributed as one file per half orbit in netCDF-4 file format with a nominal latency of < 1.5 days.

Tags: earth-science, ocean-waves, oceans, sea-surface-topography
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Multilayer Greenland Ice Surface Temperature, Surface Albedo, and Water Vapor from MODIS V001

This multilayer data set includes standard MODIS Collection 6.1 ice surface temperature (IST) and derived melt map, as well as MODIS Collection 6.0 albedo and water vapor for Greenland, at a spatial resolution of 0.78 km. These fields enable the relationship between IST and surface melt to be evaluated by researchers studying surface changes on the Greenland ice sheet. Water vapor is included to assist with evaluating the accuracy of the IST data and the model output. Also included is an ice mask and a basins mask for delineating drainage basins in Greenland.

Surface temperature is a fundamental input for dynamical ice sheet models because it is a component of the ice sheet radiation budget and mass balance. Surface temperature also influences ice sheet processes, such as surface melt. This data set may be used as a resource for model-validation studies such as comparing MERRA-2 surface temperature with MODIS IST, and for comparing MODIS IST, albedo and water vapor with products from sensors on other satellites such as VIIRS and AIRS

The temporal coverage for this data set spans 1 March 2000 through 31 December 2019, with the exception of the IST data, which has been extended through 31 Aug 2021.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-water-vapor, cryosphere, earth-science, national-geospatial-data-asset, ngda, snow-ice
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
TRMM Ground Validation Radar Reflectivity L1B 1 hour V7 (TRMM_1B51) at GES DISC

The TRMM_1B51 product displays the existence of rain in the radar volume scan. 'Existence' is the fraction of the radar FOV which has measurable precipitation. The GV radar FOV is defined as a base scan (i.e., the lowest level sweep).  Each product file has the Existence data of one site (not one radar) for one month. 

A key component of the TRMM project is the Ground Validation (GV) effort which consists of collecting data from ground-based radar, rain gauges and disdrometers. The data is quality-controlled, and then validation products are produced for comparison with TRMM satellite products.

The four primary GV sites are:

+ Darwin, Australia; 
+ Houston, Texas; 
+ Kwajalein, Republic of the Marshall Islands;
+ Melbourne, Florida. 

A significant effort is also being supported at NASA Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) and vicinity to provide high quality, long-term measurements of rain rates (via a network of rain gauges collocated with National Weather Service gauges), as well as drop size distributions (DSD) using a variety of instruments, including impact-type Joss Waldvogel, laser-optical Parsivel, as well as two-dimensional video disdrometers.  DSD measurements are also being collected at Melbourne and Kwajalein using Joss-Waldvogel disdrometers.

Tags: atmosphere, earth-science, precipitation, radar, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration