AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Mental Disorder and Violent Crime:  A 20-Year Cohort Study in New York State, 1968-1988

The objectives of this study were (1) to compare long-term
patterns of violent crime for mentally disordered patients and for
prison inmates, and (2) to evaluate the predictive validity of a
diagnosis of schizophrenia for subsequent arrests for violent crimes.
For purposes of this data collection, violent crimes were defined as
including murder, manslaughter, rape, assault, kidnapping, and sodomy.
The study analyzed individual state mental hospital patients and
inmates of state prisons in New York State over a 20-year span. In the
process of obtaining information regarding the individuals, three
different areas were focused on: hospital, incarceration, and arrest
histories. Variables for hospital histories include inpatient
hospitalizations, admission and discharge dates, legal status for all
state hospitals through 1988, primary diagnosis for target and most
recent admissions, and placements in New York State Department of
Correctional Services mental hospitals. Incarceration history variables
include time spent in adult state prisons, incarcerations through 1988,
and dates of release (including re-entry to community on parole,
outright release, or escape). Arrest histories include information on
the subject's first adult arrest through 1988 (only the most serious
charge for each incident is recorded) and out-of-state arrests, when
available. Demographic variables include age, race, and date of birth.

Tags: assault, kidnapping, manslaughter, mental-disorders, mental-hospitals, mental-patients, murder, prison-inmates, rape, schizophrenia, violent-crime
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of the Maricopa County [Arizona] Demand Reduction Program, 1989-1991

These data were collected to evaluate the Demand Reduction
 Program, a program initiated in Maricopa County, Arizona, in 1989 to
 combat drug abuse. A consortium of municipal, county, state, and
 federal law enforcement agencies developed the program, which stressed
 user accountability. The Demand Reduction Program had two objectives:
 (1) to create community-wide awareness of the severity of the drug
 problem and to alert drug users to the increased risk of legal
 sanctions, and (2) to adopt a zero-tolerance position of user
 accountability through an emphasis on increased and coordinated law
 enforcement activities directed against individual offenders and
 special treatment programs in lieu of prosecution. Part 1 of the
 collection, Demand Reduction Program Data, provides information on
 prosecutor's disposition, arrest date, submitted charges, filed
 charges, prior charges, disposition of charges, drugs offender used in
 last three months, information on prior drug treatment, type of
 attorney, and arrestee's age at arrest, sex, marital status, income,
 and living arrangement. Part 2 is a Citizen Survey conducted in
 January 1990, ten months after the implementation of the Demand
 Reduction Program. Adult residents of Maricopa County were asked in
 telephone interviews about their attitudes toward drug use, tax
 support for drug treatment, education, and punishment, their knowledge
 of the Demand Reduction Program, and demographic information. Parts 3
 and 4 supply data from surveys of Maricopa County police officers,
 conducted in March 1990 and April 1991, to measure attitudes regarding
 the Demand Reduction Program with respect to (1) police effort, (2)
 inter-agency cooperation, (3) the harm involved in drug use, and (4)
 support for diversion to treatment. The two police surveys contained
 identically-worded questions, with only a small number of different
 questions asked the second year. Variables include officer's rank,
 years at rank, years in department, shift worked, age, sex, ethnicity,
 education, marital status, if officer was the primary or secondary
 wage earner, officer's perception of and training for the Demand
 Reduction Program, and personal attitudes toward drug use. Part 5
 provides arrest data from the Maricopa County Task Force, which
 arrested drug users through two methods: (1) sweeps of public and
 semi-public places, and (2) "reversals," where drug sellers were
 arrested and replaced by police officers posing as drug sellers, who
 then arrested the drug buyers. Task Force data include arrest date,
 operation number, operation beginning and ending date, operation type,
 region where operation was conducted, charge resulting from arrest,
 Demand Reduction Program identification number, and arrestee's sex,
race, and date of birth.

Tags: alternatives-to-institutionalization, arrests, citizen-attitudes, community-involvement, drug-law-enforcement, drug-traffic, drug-treatment, law-enforcement-agencies, police-officers, police-performance
Organization: Department of Justice
Classification of Rapists in Massachusetts, 1980-1990

The purpose of this study was to apply the latest version
of a typological system for rapists (MTC:R3) developed at the
Massachusetts Treatment Center for Sexually Dangerous Persons (MTC) to
a large sample of offenders currently or previously incarcerated at
MTC and to examine the system's reliability and concurrent and
predictive validity. Data are available from two of the project's
components. In the first component, 201 rapists who were committed to
MTC between 1958 and 1981 were classified. This sample was used to
revise the previous classification system (R2), upon which the
development of the current system rests. Of these 201 men, 94 were in
residence at the time of the study and 107 had been released. The
second component classified a sample of 54 rapists who were committed
after 1981. This sample was not used to develop the criteria for the
typology. As an overview, this project had two missions: (1) to
subtype about 250 rapists using MTC:R3 criteria, and (2) to utilize an
archivally-derived database to examine the concurrent and predictive
validity of the system. In addition to the subtype assignments, the
primary source of data was the detailed institutional files that were
used to code a 1,500-variable questionnaire.

Tags: alcohol, behavior-problems, criminal-histories, family-histories, offender-classification, rapists, sex-offender-profiles, sex-offenders, treatment
Organization: Department of Justice
Arson Measurement, Analysis, and Prevention in Massachusetts, 1983-1985

These data were gathered to test a model of the
socioeconomic and demographic determinants of the crime of arson.
Datasets for this analysis were developed by the principal
investigator from records of the Massachusetts Fire Incident Reporting
System and from population and housing data from the 1980 Census of
Massachusetts. The three identically-structured data files include
variables such as population size, fire incident reports, employment,
income, family structure, housing type, housing quality, housing
occupancy, housing availability, race, and age.

Tags: arson, causes-of-crime, crime-prevention, family-size, housing, population-size, property-crimes
Organization: Department of Justice
Perceptual Deterrence and Desistance from Crime:  A Study of Repetitive Serious Property Offenders in Tennessee, 1987-1988

For this data collection, offenders confined to prison were
 surveyed to examine the utility of deterrence theory variables as
 predictors of differential desistance from serious property crimes. The
 investigators also examined subjects' "criminal calculus," that is,
 their expectations of the likely gains and losses of further criminal
 behavior and the conditions under which they likely would commit
 further crimes. Specifically, the data explored whether decisions to
 commit crime are based on assessment of potential returns from
 alternate courses of action and the risk of legal sanctions. Sixty
 repeat offenders who had served one or more prison sentences were asked
 about their history of criminal activity, reasons for committing
 crimes, expectations of future criminal activities, and likely
 consequences of committing crimes. Data were collected in pre-release
 interviews in 1987 and 1988 as part of a larger study. Variables
 include age, education, age at first arrest, alcohol and drug use as a
 juvenile, as a young adult, and as a mature adult, past crimes,
 willingness to commit specific property crimes, reasons for being
 willing or unwilling to commit specific property crimes, expectations
 of arrest subsequent to actual crimes committed, and the likelihood of
future criminal activity.

Tags: arrest-records, crime-prevention, criminal-histories, criminality-prediction, deterrence, prison-inmates, property-crimes, recidivists, risk-assessment
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of the Implementation and Impact of the Massachusetts Intensive Probation Supervision Project, 1984-1985

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness
 of an Intensive Probation Supervision (IPS) program on high-risk
 offenders. The IPS program was characterized by four changes in usual
 procedures: (1) increased supervision, (2) risk/needs assessment for
 substance abuse, employment, and marital/family relationships, (3)
 stricter enforcement of probation, and (4) a four-stage revocation
 procedure for technical violations. The investigators also studied
 whether the additional caseload of the probation officers who
 implemented the IPS program reduced the number of supervision contacts
 with non-IPS probationers under normal minimum, moderate, and maximum
 supervision regimens. Offenders put on IPS probation in 1985 from 13
 experimental courts were compared to high-risk offenders put on
 regular probation in the experimental courts in 1984, and to high-risk
 offenders on regular probation from 13 control courts for both 1984
 and 1985. Data were derived from risk assessment forms,
 needs/strengths assessment forms, probation supervision records, and
 criminal history data obtained from the state's probation central
 field. For each offender, a full range of data were collected on (1)
 offender risk characteristics at initial, four-month, ten-month, and
 termination assessments, (2) offender needs characteristics at the
 same intervals, (3) probation officer/offender contact chronologies
 for the entire one-year follow-up period, and (4) offender prior
criminal history and recidivism during a one-year follow-up period.

Tags: arrest-records, caseloads, criminal-histories, offenders, probation, probation-officers, probationers, property-crimes, risk-assessment
Organization: Department of Justice
Anticipating Community Drug Problems in Washington, DC, and Portland, Oregon, 1984-1990

This study examined the use of arrestee urinalysis results
 as a predictor of other community drug problems. A three-stage public
 health model was developed using drug diffusion and community drug
 indicators as aggregate measures of individual drug use
 careers. Monthly data on drug indicators for Washington, DC, and
 Portland, Oregon, were used to: (1) estimate the correlations of drug
 problem indicators over time, (2) examine the correlations among
 indicators at different stages in the spread of new forms of drug
 abuse, and (3) estimate lagged models in which arrestee urinalysis
 results were used to predict subsequent community drug
 problems. Variables included arrestee drug test results, drug-overdose
 deaths, crimes reported to the local police department, and child
 maltreatment incidents. Washington variables also included
 drug-related emergency room episodes. The unit of analysis was months
 covered by the study. The Washington, DC, data consist of 78 records,
 one for each month from April 1984 through September 1990. The
 Portland, Oregon, data contain 33 records, one for each month from
January 1988 through September 1990.

Tags: arrests, communities, community-development, community-health, crime-rates, drug-abuse, drug-offenders, drug-overdose, drug-related-crimes, drug-testing, planning, prediction
Organization: Department of Justice
National Assessment Program Survey of Criminal Justice Personnel in the United States, 1986

This survey probed the needs and problems facing local
 criminal justice practitioners. Within each sampled county, survey
 questionnaires were distributed to the police chief of the largest
 city, the sheriff, the jail administrator, the prosecutor, the chief
 trial court judge, the trial court administrator (where applicable),
 and probation and parole agency heads. Although the general topics
 covered in the questionnaires are similar, specific items are not
 repeated across the questionnaires, except for those given to the
 sheriffs and the police chiefs. The sheriffs surveyed were those with
 law enforcement responsibilities, so the questions asked of the police
 chiefs and the sheriffs were identical. The questionnaires were
 tailored to each group of respondents, and dealt with five general
 areas: (1) background characteristics, including staff size, budget
 totals, and facility age, (2) criminal justice system problems, (3)
 prison crowding, (4) personnel issues such as training needs and
 programs, and (5) operations and procedures including management,
 management information, and the specific operations in which the
 respondents were involved. In some cases, sets of question items were
 grouped into question batteries that dealt with specific topic areas
 (e.g., staff recruitment, judicial training, and number of personnel).
 For example, the Staff Recruitment battery items in the Probation and
 Parole Questionnaire asked respondents to use a 4 point scale to
 indicate the seriousness of each of the following problems: low
 salaries, poor image of corrections work, high entrance requirements,
 location of qualified staff, shortage of qualified minority
applicants, and hiring freezes.

Tags: budgets, correctional-facilities, courts, criminal-justice-system, law-enforcement-agencies, personnel, personnel-management, police-departments, prison-administration, prison-overcrowding, training
Organization: Department of Justice
Criminal Victimization Among Women in Cleveland, Ohio:  Impact on Health Status and Medical Service Usage, 1986

The impact of criminal victimization on the health status
 of women is the focus of this data collection. The researchers
 examined the extent to which victimized women differed from
 nonvictimized women in terms of their physical and psychological
 well-being and differences in their use of medical services. The
 sample was drawn from female members of a health maintenance plan at a
 worksite in Cleveland, Ohio. Questions used to measure criminal
 victimization were taken from the National Crime Survey and focused on
 purse snatching, home burglary, attempted robbery, robbery with force,
 threatened assault, and assault. In addition, specific questions
 concerning rape and attempted rape were developed for the
 study. Health status was assessed by using a number of instruments,
 including the Cornell Medical Index, the Mental Health Index, and the
 RAND Corporation test battery for their Health Insurance
 Experiment. Medical service usage was assessed by reference to medical
 records. Demographic information includes age, race, income, and
education.

Tags: assault, burglary, petty-theft, physical-condition, psychological-wellbeing, rape, reactions-to-crime, robbery, victims, women
Organization: Department of Justice
Deterring Drug Use With Intensive Probation in New Jersey, 1989-1990

These data were collected to measure the degree to which
 subjective deterrence and rational choice are effective in reducing
 drug-use recidivism rates. Baseline interviews were conducted with
 participants upon entering a drug rehabilitation program in New
 Jersey. Under the terms of this program, which was an alternative to
 prison, any incident of drug use occurring during the rehabilitation
 period would result in the participant's returning to
 prison. Follow-up interviews were conducted when the participant
 either had a drug/alcohol use relapse or successfully completed a year
 in the program without a drug-use incident. Baseline interviews
 included questions about criminal and drug-use history, as well as
 initial reactions to the drug rehabilitation program. Follow-up
 interviews probed for participants' feelings about the drug
 rehabilitation program experience. Further questions concerned
 participants' failure or success at staying away from drugs or
alcohol.

Tags: alternatives-to-institutionalization, criminal-histories, deterrence, drug-treatment, probation, recidivism, substance-abuse, treatment-programs
Organization: Department of Justice
Caseflow Management and Delay Reduction in Urban Trial Courts of the United States, 1979, 1983-1985

The purpose of this study was to examine caseflow
 management in order to reduce delays in urban trial courts. The data
 contain information from court records that reached disposition in a
 cross-section of urban general-jurisdiction trial courts during 1979,
 1983, 1984, and 1985. The 1979 data files contain the baseline data
 for this survey. Data were gathered on civil and criminal case
 processing times across a broad range of courts, and changes in case
 processing times over a period of years were analyzed for 18 different
 jurisdictions: Newark, Pittsburgh, New Orleans, Miami, Wayne County,
 Minneapolis, the Bronx, Phoenix, Portland, San Diego, Dayton, Boston,
 Cleveland, Providence, Wichita, Detroit, Oakland, and Jersey City.
 The data are supplemented by information supplied by trial court
 administrators and presiding judges in the courts participating in the
 study. Data include information on the nature of the case, the dates
 of first and last trials, and the total number of trials and their
manner of disposition.

Tags: case-processing, cities, court-cases, courts, trial-courts
Organization: Department of Justice
Management of Death Row Inmates, 1986-1987: [United States]

These data offer objective and subjective information about
 current death row inmates and the management policies and procedures
 related to their incarceration. The major objectives of the study were
 to gather data about the inmate population and current management
 policies and procedures, to identify issues facing correctional
 administrators in supervising the growing number of condemned inmates,
 and to offer options for improved management. Four survey instruments
 were developed: (1) a form for the Department of Corrections in each
 of the 37 states that had a capital punishment statute as of March
 1986, (2) a form for each warden of an institution that housed
 death-sentenced inmates, (3) a form for staff members who worked with
 such inmates, and (4) a form for a sample of the inmates. The surveys
 included questions about inmate demographics (e.g., date of birth,
 sex, race, Hispanic origin, level of education, marital status, and
 number of children), the institutional facilities available to death
 row inmates, state laws pertaining to them, training for staff who
 deal with them, the usefulness of various counseling, medical, and
 recreational programs, whether the inmates expected to be executed,
 and the challenges in managing the death row population. The surveys
 did not probe legal, moral, or political arguments about the death
penalty itself.

Tags: capital-punishment, correctional-facilities, correctional-guards, corrections-management, death-row-inmates, imprisonment, inmate-populations, policies-and-procedures
Organization: Department of Justice
Crime Commission Rates Among Incarcerated Felons in Nebraska, 1986-1990

These data focus on rates of criminal offending obtained
 through the use of self-report surveys. Specifically, the study
 investigates whether two different types of self-report surveys
 produce different estimates of lambda, an individual's frequency of
 criminal offending. The surveys, which were administered during
 personal interviews with inmates in Nebraska prisons, differed in how
 respondents were asked about their frequency of criminal offending.
 The more detailed survey asked respondents to indicate their offenses
 on a month-by-month basis for the reporting period. The less detailed
 survey only asked respondents to indicate their offending for the
 entire reporting period. These data also provide information on the
 relationship between race and offending frequencies, the rates of
 offending over time and by crime category, and the individual's
 subjective probability of punishment and offending frequency. The
 specific crimes targeted in this collection include burglary, business
 robbery, personal robbery, assault, theft, forgery, fraud, drug
 dealing, and rape. All respondents were asked questions on criminal
 history, substance abuse, attitudes about crime and the judicial
 system, predictions of future criminal behavior, and demographic
information, including age, race, education, and marital status.

Tags: crime-prediction, crime-rates, crime-reporting, criminal-histories, felons, prison-inmates, race, recidivism
Organization: Department of Justice
Minneapolis Intervention Project, 1986-1987

This collection investigates the impact of increased 
 activity of community intervention projects on the incidence of 
 domestic abuse. In particular, the data provide an opportunity to 
 evaluate the impact of police actions and court-ordered abuser 
 treatment on the continued abuse of victims. The data file includes 
 demographic information such as victim's age, race, and sex, and 
 perpetrator's age, birthdate, relationship to the victim, sex, and 
 physical or mental disabilities. Other variables describe the location 
 and description of the incident, the number and gender of victims and 
 perpetrators, and the outcome of the police intervention, i.e., arrest 
 or nonarrest. Interviews with victims provided information regarding 
 previous history of police intervention for domestic abuse, specific 
 information about the violence suffered and resulting injuries, the 
 frequency and type of abuse suffered in the six months prior to the 
 violent incident in question, the type of police intervention used, and 
 the victim's satisfaction with the responses of police. In addition, 
 the 6- and 12-month interviews contain data regarding the change in the 
 victim's relationship status since the last interview, satisfaction 
 with the relationship, continued abuse and criminal justice 
 involvement, use of support services by the victim or members of the 
victim's family, and satisfaction with these services.

Tags: abuse, domestic-violence, intervention-strategies, police-intervention, program-evaluation, recidivists, treatment, victims
Organization: Department of Justice