AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
MODIS/Aqua Aerosol 5-Min L2 Swath 3km

The new Collection 6.1 (C61) MODIS/Aqua Aerosol 5 Min L2 Swath 3km (MYD04_3K) product is an improved version based on algorithm changes in Dark Target (DT) Aerosol retrieval over urban areas and uncertainty estimates for Deep Blue (DB) Aerosol retrievals. The MODIS level-2 atmospheric aerosol product provides retrieved ambient aerosol optical properties, quality assurance, and other parameters, globally over ocean and land. In Collection 5, and earlier collections, there was only one aerosol product (MYD04_L2) at 10km (at nadir) spatial resolution. Starting from C6, the Dark Target (DT) Aerosol algorithm team provided a new 3 km spatial resolution product (MYD04_3k) intended for the air quality community. The MYD04_3K product is based on the same algorithm and Look up Tables as the standard Dark Target aerosol product. Because of finer resolution, subtle differences are made in selecting pixels for retrieval and in determining QA. The only differences between the existing 10km algorithm and the new 3km algorithm are: 1) the size of the pixel-arrays defining each retrieval box ( 6x6 retrieval boxes of 36 pixels at 0.5km resolution for 3km algorithm as oppose to 20x20 retrieval boxes of 400 pixels at 0.5km resolution for 10km product); 2) the minimum percentage of "good" pixels required for a retrieval (a minimum of 5 pixels over ocean and 6 pixels over land instead of a minimum of 10 pixels over ocean or 12 pixels over land for 10km product retrieval); 3) the 10km algorithm attempts a "poor quality" retrieval while 3km algorithm does not. Everything else is the same between two products. For more information on C6.1 changes and updates, visit the MODIS Atmosphere website at: https://modis-atmosphere.gsfc.nasa.gov/documentation/collection-61

Tags: earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-backscatter, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-extinction, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-optical-depth-thickness, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-optical-depth-thickness-angstrom-exponent, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-particle-properties, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-radiance, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-carbonaceous-aerosols, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-cloud-condensation-nuclei, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-dust-ash-smoke, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-nitrate-particles, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-organic-particles, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-particulate-matter, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-sulfate-particles, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-optical-depth-thickness, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-radiative-flux, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-reflectance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Aqua Calibrated Radiances 1km 5-Min 1B Wide Swath Subset along CloudSat V002 (MAC021S1) at GES DISC

This is the wide-swath MODIS/Aqua subset along CloudSat field of view track. The goal of the wide-swath subset is to select and return MODIS data that are within +-100 km across the CloudSat track. I.e. the resultant MODIS subset swath is about 200 km cross-track. Thus, MAC021S1 cross-track width is 201 pixels for radiances. Geolocations in the original product, however, are subsampled at 5-km, and thus the cross-track width of the subset geolocations is 41 pixels. Along-track, all MODIS pixels from the original product are preserved. In the standard product, the MODIS Level 1B data set contains calibrated and geolocated at-aperture radiances for 36 discrete bands located in the 0.4 to 14.4 micron region of electromagentic spectrum. These data are generated from the MODIS Level 1A scans of raw radiance and in the process converted to geophysical units of W/(m^2 um sr). In addition, the Earth Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) may be determined for the solar reflective bands (1-19, 26) through knowledge of the solar irradiance (e.g., determined from MODIS solar diffuser data, and from the target illumination geometry). Additional data are provided including quality flags, error estimates and calibration data. Visible, shortwave infrared, and near infrared measurements are only made during the daytime, while radiances for the thermal infrared region (bands 20-25, 27-36) are measured continuously. (The shortname for this product is MAC021S1).

Tags: earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-infrared-flux, earth-science-visible-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-visible-flux
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-15 Aerodynamic Roughness Maps of Vegetation Canopies, Amazon Basin: 2000

This data set provides physical roughness maps of vegetation canopies in the Amazon Basin. The images are estimates of aerodynamic roughness length (Z0) and zero plane displacement height (D0) at 1-km spatial resolution. The aerodynamic roughness length (Z0) is an important parameter to determine the vertical gradients of mean wind speed and the conditions for momentum transfer over a vegetated or bare rough surface. The maps were produced from a multivariate regression model algorithm developed from field-measured vegetation structure and remote-sensing data. The data input sources included Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) (Saatchi, 2013), JERS-1, MODIS, and field data from vegetation biomass plots over the Amazon basin, as well as tower-based wind profile measurements, and roughness parameters from LBA tower sites. There are two GeoTIFF (.tif) files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-wind-dynamics-vertical-wind-velocity-speed, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-canopy-characteristics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V061

The Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Vegetation Indices (MOD13Q1) Version 6.1 data are generated every 16 days at 250 meter (m) spatial resolution as a Level 3 product. The MOD13Q1 product provides two primary vegetation layers. The first is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) which is referred to as the continuity index to the existing National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) derived NDVI. The second vegetation layer is the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), which has improved sensitivity over high biomass regions. The algorithm chooses the best available pixel value from all the acquisitions from the 16 day period. The criteria used is low clouds, low view angle, and the highest NDVI/EVI value. Along with the vegetation layers and the two quality layers, the HDF file will have MODIS reflectance bands 1 (red), 2 (near-infrared), 3 (blue), and 7 (mid-infrared), as well as four observation layers. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=61). Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions * The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017. * A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB).

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index-normalized-difference-vegetation-index-ndvi
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra+Aqua Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance Daily L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid

The MODIS Near Real Time (NRT) Combined Aqua and Terra Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance, MCD43A4N, Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) dataset is produced daily using 16 days of Terra and Aqua MODIS data at 500 meter (m) resolution. This product in sinusoidal map projection that provides view angle corrected Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectances (NBAR) at local solar noon for the 7 land bands, along with corresponding mandatory QA dataset. There is a significant change in the science algorithm of the Collection 61 (C61) NRT BRDF/Albedo products and, therefore significant differences/discontinuities between the C6 and C61 products. C61 algorithm changes are intended to minimize the differences between the NRT and Standard BRDF. The C61 NRT BRDF code has been modified to allow for an extra round of magnitude inversion, following a full inversion using the full set of inputs. This extra magnitude inversion will only use the set of 9 days that are overlapping between standard and NRT, with the highest weight being assigned to the last day. Additional information from MODIS Land Science Team at: https://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/brdf.html

Tags: earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-albedo, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-anisotropy
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OCO-3 Level 2 CO2 prior based on CO2 monthly flask record, global meteorology, and age of air, Forward Processing V10 (OCO3_L2_CO2Prior) at GES DISC

Version 10 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 10. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory -3 (OCO-3) was deployed to the International Space Station in May, 2019. It is technically a single instrument, almost identical to OCO-2. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. OCO-3 incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Oxygen-A Band cloud screening algorithm is one of the primary cloud screening tools implemented in the operational OCO processing pipeline. The algorithm was introduced and applied to early GOSAT data with further analysis performed on OCO-2 simulations. The OCO ABO2 algorithm employs a fast Bayesian retrieval to estimate surface pressure and surface albedo from high resolution spectra of the molecular oxygen (O2) A-band, near 0.765 µm. The radiative transfer forward model (FM) assumes a clear-sky condition, i.e. Rayleigh scattering only, such that differences between the modeled and measured radiances are apparent when the measurement scene contains cloud or aerosol.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OCO-3 Level 2 bias-corrected XCO2 and other select fields from the full-physics retrieval aggregated as daily files, Retrospective processing V11r (OCO3_L2_Lite_FP) at GES DISC

Version 11r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11r. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory -3 (OCO-3) was deployed to the International Space Station in May, 2019. It is technically a single instrument, almost identical to OCO-2. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. OCO-3 incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Oxygen-A Band cloud screening algorithm is one of the primary cloud screening tools implemented in the operational OCO processing pipeline. The algorithm was introduced and applied to early GOSAT data with further analysis performed on OCO-2 simulations. The OCO ABO2 algorithm employs a fast Bayesian retrieval to estimate surface pressure and surface albedo from high resolution spectra of the molecular oxygen (O2) A-band, near 0.765 µm. The radiative transfer forward model (FM) assumes a clear-sky condition, i.e. Rayleigh scattering only, such that differences between the modeled and measured radiances are apparent when the measurement scene contains cloud or aerosol.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Aerosol Fatty Acid and Stable Isotope Data, Mongu, Dry Season 2000

The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) was conducted in part to investigate the impacts of the large-scale transport and deposition of increasingly anthropogenic emissions on southern African biogeochemical cycling. Aerosol samples from the Mongu site in eastern Zambia were collected and analyzed to identify chemical biomarkers during the SAFARI 2000 dry season field campaign. Total suspended particulate aerosol samples were collected diurnally for a period of two weeks during August and September of 2000.These data include bulk organic carbon, nitrogen and sulfur stable isotopic measurements of total suspended particulate aerosols and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of fatty acids extracted from collected aerosols. These data were used to chemically describe temporal variability in aerosol compositions.

Tags: earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-carbonaceous-aerosols, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-particulate-matter
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
S-MODE L2 Position Data from Surface Drifters Version 1

This dataset contains in-situ position data from surface drifters from the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco during a pilot campaign over two weeks in October 2021, and two intensive operating periods (IOPs) in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Drifting buoys were deployed from the research vessels and configured to nominally report positions every five minutes. Drifters deployed were a mixture of CARTHE and Microstar types. CARTHE drifters are drogued at 40 cm depth and measure the average horizontal velocity of currents in the upper 60 cm of the ocean (Novelli et al., 2017). Microstar drifters are drogued at 1 m depth and measure the average horizontal velocity of ocean currents between 0.4 m and 1.6 m depth (Ohlmann et al., 2005). See the S-MODE Data Submission Report sections 2.3.2.2, 2.4.2.2 and 2.5.2.3 for more information. Tracking and telemetry of the drifters is done by Pacific Gyre, Inc. The data are available in netCDF format with a dimension of time. <br><br> Novelli, G., C. M. Guigand, C. Cousin, E. H. Ryan, N. J. M. Laxague, H. Dai, B. K. Haus, and T. M. Özgökmen, 2017: A Biodegradable Surface Drifter for Ocean Sampling on a Massive Scale. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 34, 2509–2532, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-17-0055.1. <br><br> Ohlmann, J. C., P. F. White, A. L. Sybrandy, and P. P. Niiler, 2005: GPS–Cellular Drifter Technology for Coastal Ocean Observing Systems. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 1381–1388, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH1786.1. <br><br> Westbrook, E., Bingham, F. M., Brodnitz, S., Farrar, J. T., Rodriguez, E., & Zappa, C., (2024). Submesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) Data Submission Report. Technical Report. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI-2024-03, https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/69362

Tags: earth-science-ocean-circulation-oceans-buoy-position, earth-science-ocean-circulation-oceans-ocean-currents-surface-currents
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Near-Real-Time (NRT) Total Ozone Column 1-Orbit L2 5.5km x 3.5km V2 (S5P_L2__O3_TOT_HiR_NRT) at GES DISC

The Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Near Real Time (NRT) Total Ozone Column 1-Orbit L2 5.5km x 3.5km V2 (S5P_L2__O3_TOT_HiR_NRT) at GES DISC is the near real time version of the offline S5P_L2__O3_TOT_HiR data product. These data are typically available within three hours of measurement as required by the Land Atmosphere NRT Capability Earth Observing System (LANCE). These data are intended for a rapid turnaround assessment and are only archived for up to ten days. Users who require a longer data record, or wish to conduct rigorous analysis should use the offline version of this product S5P_L2__O3_TOT_HiR. The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). Sentinel-5P is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels and is expected to provide measurements of ozone, NO2, SO2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, aerosols and cloud at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions. This total column ozone product (S5P_L2__O3_TOT, aka ESA's S5P_L2__O3____) applies the the Direct-fitting algorithm (S5P_TO3_GODFIT), comprising a non-linear least squares inversion by comparing the simulated and measured backscattered radiances. The main products include total vertical column ozone, ozone effective temperature, and the error information in NetCDF-4 format. Data are stored in individual files, or granules, that contain one orbit of information. The data are stored in netCDF4 data format and files and complete files are ~40 MB.

Tags: earth-science-air-quality-atmosphere, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-oxygen-compounds-atmospheric-ozone, earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-trace-gases-trace-species
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Radiance product band 6 (NIR detector) L1B V1 (S5P_L1B_RA_BD6) at GES DISC

Starting from August 6th in 2019, Sentinel-5P TROPOMI along-track high spatial resolution (~5.5km at nadir) has been implemented. For data after August 6th of 2019, please check S5P_L1B_RA_BD6 data collection. The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). TROPOMI Level-1B (L1B) product is generated by the Koninklijk Nederlands Meteoroligisch Instituut (KNMI) TROPOMI L01B processor from Level-0 input data and auxiliary data products with the netCDF-4 enhanced model. It provides users with radiance, irradiance, calibration and engineering products.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-atmospheric-emitted-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-net-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-radiative-forcing, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-scattering, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-ultraviolet-radiation, earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering, earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering-flight-data-logs, earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering-orbital-characteristics, earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering-viewing-geometry, earth-science-sensor-characteristics-spectral-engineering-geolocation, earth-science-sensor-characteristics-spectral-engineering-viewing-geometry, earth-science-ultraviolet-wavelengths-spectral-engineering, earth-science-ultraviolet-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-ultraviolet-radiance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Radiance product band 5 (NIR detector) L1B V1 (S5P_L1B_RA_BD5) at GES DISC

Starting from August 6th in 2019, Sentinel-5P TROPOMI along-track high spatial resolution (~5.5km at nadir) has been implemented. For data after August 6th of 2019, please check S5P_L1B_RA_BD5 data collection. The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). TROPOMI Level-1B (L1B) product is generated by the Koninklijk Nederlands Meteoroligisch Instituut (KNMI) TROPOMI L01B processor from Level-0 input data and auxiliary data products with the netCDF-4 enhanced model. It provides users with radiance, irradiance, calibration and engineering products.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-atmospheric-emitted-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-net-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-radiative-forcing, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-scattering, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-ultraviolet-radiation, earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering, earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering-flight-data-logs, earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering-orbital-characteristics, earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering-viewing-geometry, earth-science-sensor-characteristics-spectral-engineering-geolocation, earth-science-sensor-characteristics-spectral-engineering-viewing-geometry, earth-science-ultraviolet-wavelengths-spectral-engineering, earth-science-ultraviolet-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-ultraviolet-radiance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration