AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Gene conversion homogenizes the CMT1A paralogous repeats

Background
          Non-allelic homologous recombination between paralogous repeats is increasingly being recognized as a major mechanism causing both pathogenic microdeletions and duplications, and structural polymorphism in the human genome. It has recently been shown empirically that gene conversion can homogenize such repeats, resulting in longer stretches of absolute identity that may increase the rate of non-allelic homologous recombination.
        
        
          Results
          Here, a statistical test to detect gene conversion between pairs of non-coding sequences is presented. It is shown that the 24 kb Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A paralogous repeats (CMT1A-REPs) exhibit the imprint of gene conversion processes whilst control orthologous sequences do not. In addition, Monte Carlo simulations of the evolutionary divergence of the CMT1A-REPs, incorporating two alternative models for gene conversion, generate repeats that are statistically indistinguishable from the observed repeats. Bounds are placed on the rate of these conversion processes, with central values of 1.3 × 10-4 and 5.1 × 10-5 per generation for the alternative models.
        
        
          Conclusions
          This evidence presented here suggests that gene conversion may have played an important role in the evolution of the CMT1A-REP paralogous repeats. The rates of these processes are such that it is probable that homogenized CMT1A-REPs are polymorphic within modern populations. Gene conversion processes are similarly likely to play an important role in the evolution of other segmental duplications and may influence the rate of non-allelic homologous recombination between them.

Tags: charcot-marie-tooth, cmt1a-rep, gene-conversion, homologous-recombination, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Discordance between physical symptoms versus perception of severity by women with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP)

Background
          Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is a multifaceted condition that affects more than half of pregnant women and can range in severity from mild nausea to severe dehydration. Presently physicians evaluate mostly physical symptoms of NVP in trying to assess the severity of the condition. The objective of this study was to investigate how factors, other than the physical morbidity of nausea and vomiting, influence self-perception of NVP by affected women.
        
        
          Methods
          Five hundred women with NVP calling a 1–800 NVP Healthline were asked to rate their NVP severity and report their nausea duration and number of vomiting/retching episodes.
        
        
          Results
          Nausea and vomiting/retching correlated significantly but very poorly with self-assessment of NVP severity. There was also a correlation between nausea duration and vomiting/retching frequency however the correlations were weak and overall physical symptoms could only explain 14% of the variability of women's feelings and perceptions through multivariate analysis.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Physical symptoms weakly correlate with self-assessment of NVP severity. Other aspects of this condition, most probably psychosocial, influence women's perception of NVP severity.

Tags: nih, nvp-severity, pregnancy-nausea, self-perception, vomiting-retching
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Infective endocarditis: too ill to be operated?

Infective endocarditis remains a disease associated with high mortality in certain groups of patients, with death resulting primarily from central nervous system complications and congestive heart failure. Combined medical and surgical therapy reduces both early and late mortality in complicated cases, especially in patients with valvular dysfunction related to heart failure. In these patients, heart failure is the strongest indication for valve replacement. There are no consensus indications for surgery, however, in the presence of neurological complications or multiple organ failure. Limited data suggest that such surgery is feasible, even in complicated cases necessitating admission to the intensive care unit, and carries an acceptable risk for in-hospital mortality. It is important that critically ill patients with infective endocarditis are enrolled into multicenter studies, using adequate severity scoring systems to assess the impact of clinical and imaging variables on patients' outcome. Until such data are obtained, clinical judgement is still the best tool in decision-making regarding the individual patient.

Tags: heart-failure, infective-endocarditis, neurological-complications, nih, valve-replacement
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525073: 17-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ol

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 17-(1-hydroxyethyl)-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ol. Molecular Formula: C21H36O2. Molecular Weight: 320.5. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
General Practitioners' views on the provision of nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion

Background
          Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) and a new drug, bupropion, are licensed in several countries as aids to smoking cessation. General practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in recommending or prescribing these medications. In the UK there has been discussion about whether the medications should be reimbursable by the National Health Service (NHS). This study assessed English GPs' attitudes towards reimbursement of NRT and bupropion.
        
        
          Methods
          Postal survey of a randomly selected national sample of GPs; 376 GPs completed the questionnaire after one reminder; effective response rate: 53%. There was no difference between the responses of GPs who responded to the initial request and those who responded only after a reminder suggesting minimal bias due to non-response.
        
        
          Results
          Attitudes of GPs were remarkably divided on most issues relating to the medications. Forty-three percent thought that bupropion should not be on NHS prescription while 42% thought that it should be (15% did not know); Fifty percent thought that NRT should not be on NHS prescription while 42% thought it should be (8% did not know). Requiring that smokers attend behavioural support programmes to be eligible to receive the medications on NHS prescription made no appreciable difference to the GPs' views. GPs were similarly divided on whether having the medications reimbursable would add unacceptably to their workload or offer a welcome opportunity to discuss smoking with their patients. A principal components analysis of responses to the individual questions on NRT and bupropion revealed that GPs' attitudes could be understood in terms of a single 'pro-con' dimension accounting for 53% of the total variance which made no distinction between the two medications.
        
        
          Conclusions
          GPs in England appear to be divided in their attitudes to medications to aid smoking cessation and appear not to discriminate in their views between different types of medication or different aspects of their use. This suggests that their attitudes are generated by quite fundamental values. Addressing these values may be important in encouraging GPs to adhere more closely to national and international guidelines.

Tags: bupropion, general-practitioner-attitudes, nicotine-replacement-therapy, nih, smoking-cessation
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2022 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table For Republic of Marshall Islands

This is the 2022 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Republic of Marshall Islands. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence-based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: community-mental-health, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, republic-marshall-islands, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2012 NSDUH Person-level Weight Calibration

This report describes the person-level sampling weight calibration procedures used on the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The report describes the practical aspects of implementing generalized exponential model (GEM) for the NSDUH.

Tags: samhsa, sampling-methodology, statistical-calibration, substance-use, survey-weighting
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Sub-lethal radiation enhances anti-tumor immunotherapy in a transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer

Background
          It is not uncommon to observe circulating tumor antigen-specific T lymphocytes in cancer patients despite a lack of significant infiltration and destruction of their tumors. Thus, an important goal for tumor immunotherapy is to identify ways to modulate in vivo anti-tumor immunity to achieve clinical efficacy. We investigate this proposition in a spontaneous mouse tumor model, Rip1-Tag2.
        
        
          Methods
          Experimental therapies were carried out in two distinctive trial designs, intended to either intervene in the explosive growth of small tumors, or regress bulky end-stage tumors. Rip1-Tag2 mice received a single transfer of splenocytes from Tag-specific, CD4+ T cell receptor transgenic mice, a single sub-lethal radiation, or a combination therapy in which the lymphocyte transfer was preceded by the sub-lethal radiation. Tumor burden, the extent of lymphocyte infiltration into solid tumors and host survival were used to assess the efficacy of these therapeutic approaches.
        
        
          Results
          In either intervention or regression, the transfer of Tag-specific T cells alone did not result in significant lymphocyte infiltration into solid tumors, not did it affect tumor growth or host survival. In contrast, the combination therapy resulted in significant reduction in tumor burden, increase in lymphocyte infiltration into solid tumors, and extension of survival.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The results indicate that certain types of solid tumors may be intrinsically resistant to infiltration and destruction by tumor-specific T lymphocytes. Our data suggest that such resistance can be disrupted by sub-lethal radiation. The combinatorial approach presented here merits consideration in the design of clinical trials aimed to achieve T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity.

Tags: immunotherapy-response, mouse-model, nih, pancreatic-cancer, radiation-therapy
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2015 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for New York

2015 Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for New York.  The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: community-mental-health, evidence-based-practices, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Midwest (MW)

This report presents estimates for measures of substance use and mental health based on the combined 2010 and 2011 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE). Resuts are provided for the midwest (e.g., combines Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin) for five age groups: 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 or older, 18 or older and all persons 12 or older.

Tags: major-depressive-episode, mental-health, samhsa, serious-mental-illness, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Use of soluble MHC class II/peptide multimers to detect antigen-specific T cells in human disease

Most techniques that identify antigen-specific T cells are dependent on the response of these cells to the relevant antigen in culture. Soluble multimers of MHC molecules, when occupied with the same peptide, will bind selectively to T cells specific for that MHC/peptide complex. Techniques to produce fluorescent MHC class II/peptide multimers have recently been developed. These reagents provide a method to facilitate detection and isolation of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and they represent a new research tool to study these cells in patients with immune-mediated diseases.

Tags: antigen-specific-t-cells, cd4-t-cells, immune-mediated-diseases, mhc-multimers, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
CFSR Aggregate Report Addendum Round 3: Fiscal Years 2015–2018

This addendum supplements the Child and Family Services Reviews Aggregate Report for Round 3 (FYs 2015—2018). Readers should refer to the full report for a comprehensive explanation of the Round 3 results. The purpose of this addendum is to use advanced statistical techniques to better understand the associations between items, outcomes, and case characteristics. Data stem from the full Round 3 CFSRs (2015—2018), which included 4,067 cases reviewed.

Metadata-only record linking to the original dataset. Open original dataset below.

Tags: child, family, fiscal, policy, scope
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Omapatrilat normalizes renal function curve in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Background
          The present study was designed to analyze the chronic renal response to omapatrilat, a new vasopeptidase inhibitor, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). To that end, the renal and blood pressure response to a 4-day salt loading protocol was analyzed and the respective chronic renal curves constructed.
        
        
          Results
          In non treated animals, and under normal sodium intake (around 2 mEq/day), mean arterial pressure (MAP), was significantly higher in the SHR as compared with the controls (WKY). After increasing salt intake (8 times normal), MAP did not change significantly in any group and the animals reached a normal sodium balance in four days. In a second group of animals, omapatrilat was given orally for 15 days at the dose of 40 mg/kg/day in the drinking water. In these omapatrilat-treated animals, and under normal sodium intake, MAP was significantly lower in both groups, although the antihypertensive effect was much greater in the SHR, so that the MAP of the SHR group was completely normalized and similar to the WKY-treated group. The subsequent elevation of sodium intake did not significantly elevate MAP in any group and the animals could manage the sodium excess as well as the non treated groups.
        
        
          Conclusions
          These results indicate that chronic treatment with omapatrilat normalizes blood pressure in SHR without affecting adversely the renal ability to eliminate a sodium load. Chronic treatment with omapatrilat resets the chronic pressure natriuresis relationship of the SHR to a normal level, thus without altering the normal salt-independence of this arterial hypertension model.

Tags: hypertension, nih, omapatrilat, renal-function, spontaneously-hypertensive-rats
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2019 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for West Virginia

These are the 2019 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for West Virginia. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence-based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa, substance-abuse, west-virginia
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Plant water uptake by hard red winter wheat (

Background
          Hard red winter wheat (HRWW; Triticum aestivm L.) plants from genotypes selected in the Northern Great Plains of the U.S. have less tissue water after exposure to cool autumn temperatures than plants from the Southern Great Plains. It is generally assumed that the reduced tissue water content of northern compared to southern cultivars is due to an impedance to water uptake by northern plants as a result of the low autumn temperatures. We hypothesize that if low temperature impedes water uptake then less soil water would be removed by northern than by southern-selected cultivars. This hypothesis was tested by comparing plant water uptake of a northern (FR) and a southern (FS) cultivar in relation to their foliage water content at 2°C.
        
        
          Results
          At 2°C foliage water content of FR plants decreased more rapidly than that of FS plants, similar to field results in the fall. During 6 wk, foliage water content of FR plants decreased 20 to 25% of the pre-treatment value, compared to only 5 to 10% by FS plants. Plant water uptake was about 60 g H2O·g FDW-1 by FS plants, while FR plants maintained plant water uptake in excess of 100 g H2O·g FDW-1 during the 6 wk period at 2°C. When four other northern genotypes of equal freeze resistance were studied, foliage water content and plant water uptake change were similar to FR plants.
        
        
          Conclusion
          In these northern-selected HRWW cultivars foliage water content reduction resulting from cold acclimation is not due to impedance to plant water uptake.

Tags: foliage-water-content, hard-red-winter-wheat, nih, plant-water-uptake, temperature-effects
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Probing substrate binding to Metallo-β-Lactamase L1 from

Background
          The metallo-β-lactamases are Zn(II)-containing enzymes that hydrolyze the β-lactam bond in penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems and are involved in bacterial antibiotic resistance. There are at least 20 distinct organisms that produce a metallo-β-lactamase, and these enzymes have been extensively studied using X-ray crystallographic, computational, kinetic, and inhibition studies; however, much is still unknown about how substrates bind and the catalytic mechanism. In an effort to probe substrate binding to metallo-β-lactamase L1 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, nine site-directed mutants of L1 were prepared and characterized using metal analyses, CD spectroscopy, and pre-steady state and steady state kinetics.
        
        
          Results
          Site-directed mutations were generated of amino acids previously predicted to be important in substrate binding. Steady-state kinetic studies using the mutant enzymes and 9 different substrates demonstrated varying Km and kcat values for the different enzymes and substrates and that no direct correlation between Km and the effect of the mutation on substrate binding could be drawn. Stopped-flow fluorescence studies using nitrocefin as the substrate showed that only the S224D and Y228A mutants exhibited weaker nitrocefin binding.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The data presented herein indicate that Ser224, Ile164, Phe158, Tyr228, and Asn233 are not essential for tight binding of substrate to metallo-β-lactamase L1. The results in this work also show that Km values are not reliable for showing substrate binding, and there is no correlation between substrate binding and the amount of reaction intermediate formed during the reaction. This work represents the first experimental testing of one of the computational models of the metallo-β-lactamases.

Tags: antibiotic-resistance, enzyme-kinetics, metallo-beta-lactamase, nih, site-directed-mutagenesis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Decreased insulin binding to mononuclear leucocytes and erythrocytes from dogs after S-Nitroso-N-Acetypenicillamine administration

Background
          Nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen free-radicals play an important part in the destruction of beta-cells in auto- immune diabetes although the precise mechanism of interaction is still not known. This study was designed to examine any possible diabetogenic effect of NO by investigating any differences in cellular binding of insulin to its receptor on the cell membranes of erythrocytes and mononuclear leucocytes of dogs treated with the NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and controls treated with captopril.
        
        
          Results
          The result obtained showed decreased binding of insulin to its receptor on the cell membranes of erythrocytes and mononuclear leucocytes. Mononuclear leucocytes from SNAP-treated dogs had decreased ability to bind insulin (16.30 ± 1.24 %) when compared to mononuclear leucocytes from captopril-treated controls (20.30 ± 1.93 %). Similar results were obtained for erythrocytes from dogs treated with SNAP (27.20 ± 1.33 %) compared with dogs treated with captopril (34.70 ± 3.58 %). Scatchard analysis demonstrated that this decrease in insulin binding was accounted for by a decrease in insulin receptor sites per cell, with mononuclear leucocytes of SNAP-treated dogs having 55 % less insulin receptor sites per cell compared with those of captopril-treated controls (P < 0.05). Average affinity and kinetic analysis revealed a 35 % decrease in the average receptor affinity, with mononuclear leucocytes from captopril-treated controls having an empty site affinity of 12.36 ± 1.12 × 10-8 M-1 compared with 9.64 ± 0.11 × 10-8 M-1 in SNAP-treated dogs (P < 0.05).
        
        
          Conclusion
          These results suggest that acute alteration of the insulin receptor on the membranes of mononuclear leucocytes and erythrocytes occurred in dogs treated with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine. These findings suggest the first evidence of the novel role of NO as a modulator of insulin binding and the involvement of NO in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus.

Tags: canine-diabetes, erythrocytes, insulin-binding, nih, nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The DAWN Report: Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits Involving Synthetic Cannabinoids

This Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) report shows emergency room visits in 2010 involving synthetic cannabinoid products commonly called \"Spice\" or \"K2\". These drugs are also known as synthetic marijuana,

Tags: dawn-report, drug-abuse, emergency-department, samhsa, synthetic-cannabinoids
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Massachusetts (MA)

This report uses 2008 to 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to assess past year alcohol use disorder and illicit drug use disorder among persons aged 12 or older for Massachusetts overall and for substate regions within Massachusetts. Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE).

Tags: massachusetts, mental-health-indicators, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use-disorder
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services