AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
SMP and Fracture Modeling

The problem of loss circulation in geothermal wells is inherently challenging due to high temperatures, brittle rocks, and presence of abundant fractures. Because of the inherent challenges in geothermal environments, there are limitations in selecting proper lost circulation materials (LCMs). Traditional LCMs such as calcium carbonates that are commonly used in the oil and gas drilling may be softened and prone to failure during geothermal drilling. Moreover, evaluating the performance of different LCMs for geothermal drilling requires unique testing setups, which is expensive, and complicated to run due to harsh environmental conditions of geothermal systems. Herein, we present a numerical approach to simulate LCM transport and bridging through fractures in downhole conditions. By discrete element methods, each individual particle trajectory, and their interactions with the fluid and surrounding particles are incorporated into the analysis. To validate the model, we used experimental results acquired from a high-temperature flow loop system built specifically for this purpose. We took a further step in this work and considered LCM particles that are made from a shape memory polymer (SMP). These particles start expanding and adhering to each other in downhole conditions. The use of SMP is shown to be advantageous in sealing large fractures (3 mm aperture). We demonstrated how numerical modelling may supplement laboratory tests to show initiation of the bridging process, fracture plugging or even its failure. Using the proposed methodology may significantly reduce the number of experiments needed to find an effective LCM recipe, hence drillers can save time and costs by assessing different LCM systems numerically.

Tags: cfd, computational-fluid-dynamics, dem, discrete-element-methods, drilling, economic, energy, fracture-sealing, geothermal, lcm, lost-circulation, lost-circulation-material, modeling, processed-data, shape-memory-polymer, smp, technology
Organization: Department of Energy
SGW paper - Rheological Properties of Drilling Fluids Containing Special Additives for Geothermal Drilling Applications

The paper was presented at the 46th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, February 15-17, 2021. In this study, the effectiveness of different additives was evaluated in maintaining drilling fluid rheology at HPHT(high pressure and high temperature) conditions. The additives considered in this investigation are bentonite, xanthan gum (XC), low-viscosity and regular polyanionic cellulose (PAC-L and PAC-R), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), other synthetic polymers and clay such as THERMA-VIS. Fluid samples were prepared in various concentrations and left to hydrate for 20-24 hrs. The rheological analysis was performed under HPHT conditions using a rheometer. Different parameters were considered in the screening, such as temperature, concentration, shear rate, and aging time.

Tags: drilling-fluid-additives, drilling-technology, experiment, filtration-control, geochemistry, geothermal, geothermal-drilling, hpht, report, rheology, sgw, technology, temperature, viscosifier, well, wellbore
Organization: Department of Energy
Snake River (Idaho) Geothermal Drilling Project: Innovative Approaches to Geothermal Exploration

The goal of our project was to test innovative exploration technologies using existing and new data, and to ground-truth these technologies using slim-hole core technology. The slim-hole core allowed us to understand subsurface stratigraphy and alteration in detail, and to correlate lithologies observed in core with surface based geophysical studies. Compiled data included geologic maps, volcanic vent distribution, structural maps, existing well logs and temperature gradient logs, groundwater temperatures, and geophysical surveys (resistivity, magnetics, gravity). New data included high-resolution gravity and magnetic surveys, high-resolution seismic surveys, three slimhole test wells, borehole wireline logs, lithology logs, water chemistry, alteration mineralogy, fracture distribution, and new thermal gradient measurements. Drill holes are located at Kimama, Kimberly, and Mountain Home Air Force Base in Idaho.

Tags: assessment, basalt, conceptual-model, energy, geochemistry, geophysics, geothermal, idaho, innovative-exploration, kimama, kimberly, mountain-home, processed-data, rhyolite, slimhole-drilling, snake-river-plain, technical
Organization: Department of Energy
Passive Seismic Emission Tomography Results at San Emidio Nevada

The utility of passive seismic emission tomography for mapping geothermal permeability has been tested at San Emidio in Nevada. The San Emidio study area overlaps a geothermal field in production since 1987 and another resource to the south of the production field. Passive seismic data collections were completed at San Emidio in late 2016 by Microseismic Inc as part of a DOE project. The PSET results are being analyzed as part of the WHOLESCALE project. This submission includes P-wave velocity model data, and the passive seismic data with more information on each bellow. 

Tags: characteriztion, energy, excel, geophysics, geospatial-data, geothermal, hole, hydrologic, hydrothermal, mechanical, modeling, observation, p-wave, p-wave-velocity-model, passive-seismic, physics, processed-data, pset, san-emidio, seismic, spatial, stress, system, temporal, thermal, velocity, water, wholescale
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Borehole Sensors and Well Trajectories (April 2022)

This link leads to a webpage with spreadsheets containing seismic borehole sensor locations and well trajectories for wells 56-32, 58-32, 78-32, 78B-32. Each of the files at the provided link include meta data on relevant information. 

Tags: borehole-sensors, characterization, drilling, egs, energy, excel, forge, geothermal, seismic-sensors, sensor-data, utah-forge, well-56-32, well-58-32, well-78-32, well-78b-32, well-data, well-trajectories, well-trajectory, wellbore
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Deep Wells Water and Gas Sampling with Analyses by ThermoChem (October, 2022)

This data includes a document that describes the effort to collect and analyze water and gas samples from deep Utah FORGE wells 16A(78)-32, 58-32, 56-32 and 78B-32 along with additional pdf files showing ThermoChem's analyses attached as an appendix.

Tags: chemistry, egs, energy, fluid, forge, gas-chemistry, geothermal, groundwater-and-hydrology, hydrocarbon-report, monitoring, ncg, ncg-report, non-condensable-gas, processed-data, produced-water, stimulation, utah-forge, utah-forge-gas-chemistry, utah-forge-water-and-gas-geochemistry, utah-forge-water-chemistry, water-and-gas-chemistry, water-chemistry, water-report, well-16a78-32, well-56-32, well-58-32, well-78b-32, well-data
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE 3-2535: Building a 3D Resistivity Model for Simulation and Survey Design of EM Measurements

The included report outlines the creation of three 3D resistivity models that will be used to determine the sensitivity of EM measurements for the hypothetical stimulated reservoir at FORGE as well as for EM survey design. FORGE project 3-2535 is planning on using a casing source EM method for detecting and imaging a deep localized stimulated fracture zone at the Utah FORGE site.  Details on other stages of the project are included in the linked GDR submissions below.

Tags: egs, energy, forge, geothermal, modeling, remote-sensing, resistivity-model, utah-forge, well-16a, well-16b, well-characterization
Organization: Department of Energy
Model results and data for Nontechnical Barriers to Geothermal Development

Data included in this submission support the analysis conducted for the report "Nontechnical Barriers to Geothermal Development" which is linked bellow. These data include information about the power purchase agreements (PPAs) analyzed for the report, inputs and model results for the pro forma economic analysis, and outputs from the regression analysis conducted on PPAs comparing geothermal and other power generation technologies.

Tags: assessment, cost, economic, electricity, energy, excel, feasibility, geothermal, nontechnical-barriers, osti, power-production, power-purchase-agreement, ppa, pro-forma, processed-data, regression-analysis, u-s-department-of-energy-office-of-scientific-and-technical-information
Organization: Department of Energy
Magnetotelluric Data Collected in 2016 over the San Emidio Geothermal Field in Nevada

This data set includes the magnetotelluric (MT) data collected from October 21 to November 9, 2016 over the San Emidio geothermal field in Nevada by Quantec Geoscience USA Inc. on behalf of US Geothermal Inc. as part of a project entitled  "A Novel Approach to Map Permeability Using Passive Seismic Emission Tomography". This data set includes descriptions of the instrumentation, data acquisition and processing procedures, as well as the final processed data and digital archive formats. A total of 81 MT locations were surveyed (52 profile sites, and 29 MT sites). Data were processed and inspected for quality assurance on site, and reviewed daily by the geophysicist in charge of the project. 

Tags: energy, geophysics, geothermal, gravity, hole, hydrologic, integrated-geologic-model, magnetotellurics, mechanical, modeling, observation, pacific-dc-intertie, passive-micro-seismic, physics, processed-data, spatial, stress, system, temporal, thermal, water, wholescale
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE 3-2535: Numerical Modeling of Energized Steel-Casing Source for Imaging Stimulated Zone

This short report details and tests the workflow that will be used to simulate steel well casings in deviated production/extraction boreholes at at the Utah FORGE site. Boreholes will be electrically energized and will serve as data sources for future proposed electromagnetic borehole surveys, which will be used to delineate/estimate the size and porosity of the main FORGE stimulated reservoir. FORGE project 3-2535 is planning on using a casing source EM method for detecting and imaging a deep localized stimulated fracture zone at the Utah FORGE site.  Details on other stages of the project are included in the linked GDR submissions below.

Tags: egs, energy, geothermal, remote-sensing, utah-forge, well-16a, well-16b, well-characterization
Organization: Department of Energy
EGS Collab Experiment 2: Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Data (DTS)

Distributed fiber optic sensing was an important part of the monitoring system for EGS Collab Experiment #2. A single loop of custom fiber package was grouted into the four monitoring boreholes that bracketed the experiment volume. This fiber package contained two multi-mode fibers and four single-mode fibers. These fibers were connected to an array of fiber optic interrogator units, each targeting a different measurement.

The distributed temperature system (DTS) consisted of a Silixa XT-DTS unit, connected to both ends of one of the two multi-mode fibers. This system measured absolute temperature along the entire length of fiber for the duration of the experiment at a sampling rate of approximately 10 minutes. This dataset includes both raw data in XML format from the XT-DTS, as well as a processed dataset with the sections of data pertaining only to the boreholes are extracted.

We have also included a report that provides all of the relevant details necessary for users to process and interpret the data for themselves. Please read this accompanying report. If, after reading it, there are still outstanding questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Happy processing.

Tags: characterization, dfos, distributed-sensing, dts, egs, egs-collab, energy, experiment, experiment-2, fiber-optic, fracturing, geothermal, hydraulic, monitoring, sanford-underground-research-facility, stimulation, surf, temperature, xt-dts
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Well 16A(78)-32 Stimulation DFN Fracture Plane Evaluation and Data

This dataset includes files used to fit planar fractures through the preliminary earthquake catalogs of the three stages of the April 2022 well 16A(78)-32 stimulation which is linked bellow. These planar features have been used to update the FORGE reference Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) model. The files are provided to encourage other modelers to use additional workflows to find additional/alternative features. To this end, the dataset includes the cleaned earthquake catalog data translated to the FORGE reference model global reference frame, the well trajectory of 16A(78)-32 in those same coordinates, the fit 15 planar features in csv format, and a pdf file with slides illustrating the process used to fit the features. A recorded presentation of this material is available from the October 2022 FORGE Modeling and Simulation Forum which is also linked below.

Tags: characterization, csv, dfn, discrete-fracture-network, egs, energy, excel, forge, fracing, fracking, geothermal, modeling, pdf, rock-fractures, stimulation, utah-forge, utah-forge-wells, well-16a78-32, well-16a78-32-stimulation, well-fracture, well-fractures, well-stimulation
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Development of Multi-Stage Fracturing System and Wellbore Tractor to Enable Zonal Isolation During Stimulation and EGS Operations in Horizontal Wellbores

This paper discusses the progress on a project funded by the DOE Utah FORGE (Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy) for the development of a subsurface heat exchanger for Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) using unique casing sleeves cemented in place and are used first as a system for rapid and inexpensive multi-stage stimulations and second to perform conformance control functions at 225 oC. The proposed sleeves will use a single-sized dissolvable ball to open for fracture stimulation.  After stimulation, and once the balls dissolve, the sleeves are open for immediate fluid injection.  A separately designed wellbore tractor specific for both fluid detection and valve manipulation is then deployed to detect and control the injection entry points to create an effective EGS through paired horizontal injectors and open hole producers.  The wells will be connected through multiple networks of induced and natural fractures that can be controlled throughout the field life.  

Tags: completion, egs, energy, fracoptimal, fracturing, geothermal, geothermoptimal, heat-exchanger, heat-model, sleeves, stimulation, tractor, utah-forge, wellbore-technologies, wellbore-technology
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Well 16A(78)-32 2022 Stimulation Microseismic Report

This is a Utah FORGE well 16A(78)-32 stimulation microseismic detection and event location report from Silixa LLC. The report covers the digital acoustic sensing (DAS) data acquisition and analysis used to study microseismic events during the April, 2022 stimulations at well 16A(78)-32. Provided are event detection techniques as well as a review of extracted event locations.

Tags: das, detection, digital-acoustic-sensing, egs, energy, event, forge, geophysics, geothermal, location, microseismicity, monitoring, report, seismic-monitoring, silixa, silixa-report, stimulation, utah-forge, well-16a, well-16a78-32, well-16a78-32-microseismicity, well-16a78-32-stimulation, well-stimulation
Organization: Department of Energy
EGS Collab Experiment 2: Continuous Broadband Seismic Waveform Data

Two broadband seismometers were installed on the 4100 level and recorded for the duration of EGS Collab Experiment #2. Inspired by published data from similar instruments installed in the Aspo Hard Rock Lab, these long-period instruments aimed to measure the tilting of the drift in response to the injection of fluid into the testbed.

One instrument was installed underneath the wellheads in Site A (aka the "battery" alcove) and the other was installed along the east wall of the drift, south of Site B. Due to the feet of gravel (ballast) laid along the floor of the drift, we were unable to anchor the sensors directly to the rock. As a result, the coupling of the sensors to the experiment rock volume is likely poor. In addition, there are a number of noise sources that complicate the interpretation of the data. For example, sensor BBB is installed adjacent (within 3 ft) to the rail line that runs towards the Ross shaft. Trains (motors) run along this line almost daily and produce a large signal in these data. Careful extraction of periods of interest, as well as filtering for specific signals, is necessary.

The sensors are Nanometrics Trillium Compact Posthole seismometers, sensitive down to 120 seconds period. They were installed as close to the drift wall and as deep as we could manually excavate (only about 1 ft or so). The holes were leveled with sand and the sensors were placed on a paver before backfilling with sand. The hole was then covered by a bucket filled with insulation to improve the sensor's isolation from daily temperature variations, which are minor but present due to drift ventilation from the surface.

Data were recorded on Nanometrics Centaur digitizers at 100 Hz. The full response information is available in the StationXML file provided here, or by querying the sensors through the IRIS DMC (see links below). These instruments were provided free of charge through the IRIS PASSCAL instrument center. The network code is XP and the station codes are BBA and BBB. The waveform data can be queried through the IRIS FDSN server using any method the user likes. One convenient option is to use the Obspy python package: https://docs.obspy.org/packages/obspy.clients.fdsn.html

Tags: 4100-level, broadband, characterization, continuous, egs, egs-collab, energy, experiment, experiment-2, fracturing, geophysics, geothermal, hydraulic, monitoring, sanford-underground-research-facility, seismic, stimulation, surf, tilt, waveform, waveforms
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Deep Wells Temperature Surveys as of September 2022

This Excel spreadsheet contains temperature survey results for Utah FORGE wells 58-32, 78-32, 56-32, 16A(78)-32 and 78B-32. It also contains charts and comparisons, along with a "Data Summary" which provides links to previous GDR submissions with temperature data for each well.

Tags: characterization, comparison, deep, deep-well-temperatures, egs, energy, equilibrated, forge, geothermal, recovery, temperature, temperature-data, temperature-survey, utah-forge, utah-forge-deep-well-temperatures, utah-forge-well-temperatures, well
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: LBNL Status Report on the VEMP Tool 2022

This report describes the current status of the Vertical Electromagnetic Profiling, or VEMP tool, that is on loan to Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) from Geothermal Energy Research and Development Co., Ltd. (GERD), Japan. The report describes the initial inspection of the tool by LBNL scientists and engineers, and presents a path forward for it to be used at Utah FORGE. 

Tags: egs, electromagnetic, energy, evaluation, forge, geophysics, geothermal, lbnl, report, sensor, technology, tool, tool-inspection, utah-forge, vemp, vertical-electromagnetic-profiling
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Phase 1a Tensor Strainmeter Data for the April, 2022 Stimulation of Well 16A(78)-32

Data from two Tensor Optical Fiber Strainmeters that were operational during Stages 1, 2, and 3 of the April, 2022 stimulation of well 16A(78)-32.  Each csv file contains data from each stimulation stage (stage1, stage2, stage3) for both Phase 1a strainmeter installations (FS01, formerly FS-C, and FS02, formerly FS1-2) in human-readable comma-separated value text files.  There are two header lines in each file describing the data contained in that column along with their units, respectively.  Data have been decimated from 2 to 1 Hz to match the Pason data found in the linked GDR dataset below (16A78-32 Stimulation Pason Data). These files contain the time series spanning the same time interval as the Pason data as well as ambient data for 5 hours before the stimulation and 5 hours following shut in. The station locations were chosen based on their proximity to the borehole seismometers owned and operated by the University of Utah. See README.txt for more information.

Tags: egs, energy, fiber, forge, geothermal, optical, stimulation, strain, strainmeter, tensor-strain, utah-forge, well-16a78-32-stimulation
Organization: Department of Energy
A Hydrogeochemical Analysis of Geothermal Resources in the State of Hawaii

The University of Hawaii at Manoa conducted a Play Fairway Analysis of the state of geothermal potential for the islands. Phase I included the aggregation of all existing geologic, geophysical and geochemical data available. A probability model incorporating heat, fluid, and permeability was then created to assess the probability of viable geothermal development. Phase II is the focus of this paper, with new data collection as the goal for this funding period. The Play Fairway Project collected new geothermal groundwater data from 60 wells and 1 spring across the State of Hawaii. Geochemical geothermal indicators used previously in Hawaii, and around the world, were investigated for the newly acquired data in Phase II. These indicators include groundwater temperature, chloride:magnesium ratios, sulfate:chloride ratios, and silica concentrations. All chemical analyses were collected by ... the Play Fairway team and analyzed at various labs at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Of the ten target areas identified for Phase II, two of the sites provide encouraging groundwater geochemical results for potential geothermal resources. These sites include the Southwest Rift Zone of Haleakala, Maui, and the Palawai Basin, Lanai. Multiple geothermal indicators have been observed in these areas and, therefore, provide encouragement to further explore for subsurface heat. Further investigation is recommended in these target areas through geological, geophysical, and geochemical exploration. 

The Hawaii Play Fairway project was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office, and the Hawaii Groundwater and Geothermal Resources Center (Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa) executed the project. For more information, go to HGGRC's website that is linked in the resources. 

Tags: characterization, chloridemagnesium, concentration, energy, geochemical, geochemistry, geothermal, groundwater, haleakala, hawaii, hydrogeochemical, lanai, maui, modeling, palawai-basin, pfa, play-fairway, play-fairway-analysis, ratio, silica, southwest-rift-zone, sulfatechloride, temperature
Organization: Department of Energy