AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Low frequency of mutations in the core promoter and precore regions of hepatitis B virus in anti-HBe positive Brazilian carriers

Background
          Mutations in the core promoter and precore regions of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome, notably the double substitution (AGG to TGA) at nt positions 1762-1764 in the core promoter, and the precore stop codon mutation G to A at nt 1896, can often explain the anti-HBe phenotype in chronic carriers. However, the A1896 mutation is restricted to HBV isolates that have T at nt 1858. The double substitution at positions 1762-1764 has been described to occur preferentially in patients infected with strains showing C instead of T at nt 1858.
        
        
          Results
          HBV DNAs from 29 anti-HBe Brazilian samples were characterized by nucleotide sequencing of PCR products from precore region. Among them, 18 isolates presented C at nt 1858 (mostly genotype A strains). The 11 remaining isolates (genotypes D and F) had T1858. The stop codon mutation at nt 1896 was found in seven isolates (24% of the total and 63% of the isolates that had T1858). The frequency of the double substitution at positions 1762-1764 was surprisingly low (20%) among C1858 isolates. An association between A1896 and TGA 1762-1764 mutations was observed among genotype D isolates: these showed either none of the two mutations or both. Furthermore, strains mutated at positions 1896 and/or 1762-1764 also presented an elevated number of other, less common substitutions in the core promoter and precore regions.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The data reported here are not in accordance with some reports from other parts of the world. In half of the isolates, none of the mutations previously described could explain the anti-HBe phenotype.

Tags: anti-hbe-positive, brazilian-carriers, hbv-mutations, hepatitis-b, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 528463: 1-Tetradecene, 4-ethyl

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 4-ethyltetradec-1-ene. Molecular Formula: C16H32. Molecular Weight: 224.42. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in children with Alport syndrome: effect on urinary albumin, TGF-β, and nitrite excretion

Background
          Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are routinely prescribed to patients with chronic kidney disease because of their known renoprotective effects. We evaluated the effect of short-term therapy with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, in early Alport syndrome, defined as disease duration less than 10 years and a normal glomerular filtration rate.
        
        
          Methods
          11 children with early Alport syndrome were investigated. Two consecutive early morning urine specimens were collected at the start of the study for measurement of urinary creatinine, total protein, albumin, TGF-β, and nitrite excretion. Patients were treated with enalapril, ≅ 0.2 mg/kg/day, once a day for 14 days. Two early morning urine specimens were collected on days 13 and 14 of enalapril treatment and two weeks later for measurement of urinary creatinine, total protein, albumin, TGF-β, and nitrite excretion.
        
        
          Results
          Prior to treatment, urinary excretion of transforming growth factor-β and nitrite, the major metabolite of nitric oxide, was within normal limits in all patients. Administration of enalapril for 2 weeks did not alter urinary albumin, transforming growth factor-β, or nitrite excretion.
        
        
          Conclusion
          These findings suggest that early Alport syndrome represents a disease involving exclusively intrinsic glomerular barrier dysfunction. At this stage of the illness, there is no evidence of angiotensin II-mediated proteinuria or increased production of transforming growth factor-β and, therefore, routine treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor may not be warranted.

Tags: ace-inhibitor, alport-syndrome, enalapril-treatment, nih, urinary-albumin
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Initial Design and Implementation Report and Subsequent Quarterly Progress Reports Templates

This template outlines what should be included in the Initial Design and Implementation Report and includes guidance for each heading. This report is typically due 90 days after the agency signs and accepts the waiver terms and conditions and serves as the first Quarterly Progress Report. This template outlines what should be included in the Quarterly Progress Report, which is due every 90 days after the agency signs and accepts the waiver terms and conditions during the developmental phase (i.e., before implementation begins), and what should be included in the Semiannual Progress Report, which is due every 180 days after implementation begins.

Metadata-only record linking to the original dataset. Open original dataset below.

Tags: child, instruction, mental, policy, reporting
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Temporal Patterns of Emergency Department Visits Related to Underage Drinking

This short report uses data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network to examine when alcohol-related emergency department (ED) visits occurred, by time of day and day of the week.  Data from a nationally-representative sample of non-Federal, general hospitals with 24-hour EDs was used, with combined data for 2004-2011. The pattern was examines for patients ages 12-20, and the subgroups 12-17 and 18-20.  The data were divided into eight 3-hour periods per day, and these were compared across the week.  Then the week was divided into night-time period (9:00 p.m. to 5:59 a.m.) and daytime periods (6:00 a.m. to 8:59 p.m.), with night-time periods compared and then night-time and day-time periods compared for Sunday night to Friday morning.

Tags: alcohol-related-visits, emergency-department, samhsa, temporal-analysis, underage-drinking
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Virginia (VA)

This report presents Virginia\'s estimates for 25 measures of substance use and mental health based on the combined 2009 and 2010 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE). Resuts are provided for Virginia for five age groups: 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 or older, 18 or older and all persons 12 or older.

Tags: mental-health, nsduh, samhsa, substance-use, virginia
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Implications of recent hypertension trials for the generalist physician: whom do we treat, and how?

The publication of the results of the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 (STOP-2) and the termination of the doxazocin arm of the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack (ALLHAT) study again raise the question of whether all antihypertensives deliver equal cardiovascular outcome benefits. Data from research on congestive heart failure and from the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) trial illuminate the roles and possible mechanisms of humoral mediators of vascular damage, suggesting, first, that some antihypertensives (thiazides, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) can deliver more improvement in outcomes than other agents and, second, that decisions on whom to treat are best made based on risk appraisal, not merely pressures.

Tags: antihypertensive-drugs, cardiovascular-outcomes, clinical-trials, hypertension-treatment, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2012 NSDUH Statistical Inference Report

This report describes the statistical inference procedures used to produce design-based estimates for the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). These design-based estimates are presented in the 2012 national findings report detailed tables, as well as the 2012 mental health findings report and detailed tables. The report covers missingness rates, sampling error, degrees of freedom, statistical significance differences, confidence intervals, incidence estimates, and suppression of estimates with low precision.

Tags: mental-health, samhsa, statistical-methods, substance-use, survey-methodology
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2015 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for West Virginia

2015 Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for West Virginia. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-program, mental-health-services, outcome-measures, samhsa, west-virginia
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Cingulate cortex hypoperfusion predicts Alzheimer's disease in mild cognitive impairment

Background
          Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was recently described as a heterogeneous group with a variety of clinical outcomes and high risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as measured by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used to study the heterogeneity of MCI and to look for predictors of future development of AD.
        
        
          Methods
          rCBF was investigated in 54 MCI subjects using Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO). An automated analysis software (BRASS) was applied to analyze the relative blood flow (cerebellar ratios) of 24 cortical regions. After the baseline examination, the subjects were followed clinically for an average of two years. 17 subjects progressed to Alzheimer's disease (PMCI) and 37 subjects remained stable (SMCI). The baseline SPECT ratio values were compared between PMCI and SMCI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied for the discrimination of the two subgroups at baseline.
        
        
          Results
          The conversion rate of MCI to AD was 13.7% per year. PMCI had a significantly decreased rCBF in the left posterior cingulate cortex, as compared to SMCI. Left posterior cingulate rCBF ratios were entered into a logistic regression model for ROC curve calculation. The area under the ROC curve was 74%–76%, which indicates an acceptable discrimination between PMCI and SMCI at baseline.
        
        
          Conclusion
          A reduced relative blood flow of the posterior cingulate gyrus could be found at least two years before the patients met the clinical diagnostic criteria of AD.

Tags: alzheimers-disease, cerebral-blood-flow, mild-cognitive-impairment, nih, spect-imaging
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Is insulin an endogenous cardioprotector?

Stress hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus with myocardial infarction are associated with increased risk for in-hospital mortality, congestive heart failure, or cardiogenic shock. Hyperglycemia triggers free radical generation and suppresses endothelial nitric oxide generation, and thus initiates and perpetuates inflammation. Conversely, insulin suppresses production of tumor necrosis factor-α and free radicals, enhances endothelial nitric oxide generation, and improves myocardial function. It is proposed that the balance between insulin and plasma glucose levels is critical to recovery and/or complications that occur following acute myocardial infarction and in the critically ill. Adequate attention should be given to maintaining euglycemia (plasma glucose ≤ 110 mg/dl) in order to reduce infarct size and improve cardiac function while using a glucose–insulin–potassium cocktail.

Tags: cardioprotective-effects, glucose-regulation, insulin-therapy, myocardial-infarction, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Balloon laryngoscopy reduces head extension and blade leverage in
		  patients with potential cervical spine injury

Background:
          Head extension and excessive laryngoscope blade levering motion
				(LBLM) are undesirable during airway management of trauma patients. We
				hypothesized that laryngoscopy with a modified blade facilitating glottic
				exposure by balloon inflation would reduce head extension and LBLM.
        
        
          Patients and methods:
          Seventeen elective surgery patients were enrolled. Patients lay
				supine with their heads flat on a rigid board and had a rigid collar around
				their necks. Laryngoscopy was performed with the modified blade and a standard
				curved blade. Head extension and LBLM angles were determined upon maximal
				glottic exposure and compared used paired t-tests. Laryngoscopic view
				grade and oxygen saturation were also determined.
        
        
          Results:
          Balloon laryngoscopy resulted in less head extension and LBLM
				(P <0.001). Laryngoscopic view was approximately identical with
				both blades, and oxygen saturation was always above 97%.
        
        
          Conclusions:
          Balloon laryngoscopy reduces head extension and LBLM under
				simulated cervical spine precautions.

Tags: airway-management, cervical-spine-injury, glottic-exposure, laryngoscopy, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The burden of pediatric HIV/AIDS in Constanta, Romania: a cross-sectional study

Background
          By 1990, 94 percent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases in Romania were in children less than 13 years of age. The majority of the cases were identified in the city of Constanta. The purpose of this paper was to describe the current burden of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the Constanta county.
        
        
          Methods
          A cross-sectional study was designed to address the primary objective. Between April 1999 and March 2000, all living cases of pediatric HIV infection in the Constanta county were identified from records at the HIV hospital clinic which serves the Constanta county. Standard demographic, social, clinical, treatment and hospitalization data were collected for each study subject. Data were analyzed according to cross-sectional study design methodology.
        
        
          Results
          Of the 762 subjects, the majority were seven to 11 years of age, lived with their parents and attended school. Only 70% of the fathers and 13% of the mothers were employed. Horizontal transmission accounted for 90% of the cases. Most of the children had moderate to severe disease as indicated by their AIDS-defining signs; 40% had AIDS. Less than half of the children were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART and children of mothers with a high school or greater education were independent predictors of long-term non-progression of HIV disease.
        
        
          Conclusions
          This cross-sectional study demonstrated that ten years after the HIV epidemic was identified in Romania, it remains a health and economic burden. The infected children are very ill, but ART is not available for all. The proportion with vertical transmission has increased from an estimated four % to nine %. Our findings support the need to get HIV therapy to economically challenged countries such as Romania.

Tags: cross-sectional-study, infectious-disease, nih, pediatric-hiv-aids, romania
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Behavioral Health Barometer: HHS Regions, Volume 5

These are behavioral health reports for each of the ten HHS regions of the United States. Each report utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), collected annually. The topics addressed in the reports include youth substance use, youth mental health and treatment, adult mental health and treatment, substance use and substance use and treatment.

Tags: behavioral-health, mental-health, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525411: Butyl 2-methylpropyl disulfide

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 1-(2-methylpropyldisulfanyl)butane. Molecular Formula: C8H18S2. Molecular Weight: 178.4. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
A theoretical model for estimating the margination constant of leukocytes

Background
          Blood leukocytes constitute two interchangeable sub-populations, the marginated and circulating pools. These two sub-compartments are found in normal conditions and are potentially affected by non-normal situations, either pathological or physiological. The dynamics between the compartments is governed by rate constants of margination (M) and return to circulation (R). Therefore, estimates of M and R may prove of great importance to a deeper understanding of many conditions. However, there has been a lack of formalism in order to approach such estimates. The few attempts to furnish an estimation of M and R neither rely on clearly stated models that precisely say which rate constant is under estimation nor recognize which factors may influence the estimation.
        
        
          Results
          The returning of the blood pools to a steady-state value after a perturbation (e.g., epinephrine injection) was modeled by a second-order differential equation. This equation has two eigenvalues, related to a fast- and to a slow-component of the dynamics. The model makes it possible to identify that these components are partitioned into three constants: R, M and SB; where SB is a time-invariant exit to tissues rate constant. Three examples of the computations are worked and a tentative estimation of R for mouse monocytes is presented.
        
        
          Conclusions
          This study establishes a firm theoretical basis for the estimation of the rate constants of the dynamics between the blood sub-compartments of white cells. It shows, for the first time, that the estimation must also take into account the exit to tissues rate constant, SB.

Tags: blood-dynamics, epinephrine-response, leukocyte-margination, mathematical-model, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2011 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Tables for Georgia

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for 2011. The Uniform Reporting System (URS) is a state and national reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: community-mental-health, georgia, mental-health-services, outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Tumour Fas ligand:Fas ratio greater than 1 is an independent marker of relative resistance to tamoxifen therapy in hormone receptor positive breast cancer

Background
          The objective of the present study was to examine the prognostic and predictive significance of the apoptosis-related marker Fas ligand (FasL):Fas ratio in breast cancer.
        
        
          Methods
          Tumour biopsies from 215 primary invasive breast cancer patients were examined for the expression of FasL and Fas mRNA transcripts by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Their prognostic and predictive impact on patient survival was determined in univariate and multivariate survival analyses.
        
        
          Results
          Using a cutoff value of 1, a FasL:Fas ratio greater than 1 was found to have significant prognostic value for disease-free survival among the total population (median follow up 54 months). It was associated with a significantly decreased disease-free survival (P = 0.022) and with a tendency toward increased mortality (P = 0.14) in univariate analysis. Hormone receptor positive women exclusively treated with tamoxifen (n = 86) and with a FasL:Fas ratio greater than 1 had a significantly decreased disease-free survival (P = 0.008) and overall survival (P = 0.03) in univariate Kaplan–Meier analysis. Furthermore, tumour size and FasL:Fas ratio were of independent predictive significance in the multivariate model for disease-free and overall survival in that subgroup. Among postmenopausal patients (n = 148) both of those factors retained independent prognostic significance in the multivariate model for disease-free survival. In contrast, FasL:Fas ratio had no significant predictive value in patients exclusively treated with chemotherapy.
        
        
          Conclusion
          The data presented indicate that FasL:Fas ratio may be useful not only as a prognostic factor but also as a predictive factor for projecting response to the antioestrogen tamoxifen. The results strongly support a correlation between FasL:Fas ratio greater than 1 and lack of efficacy of tamoxifen in hormone receptor positive patients.

Tags: breast-cancer, fas-ligand, hormone-receptor-positive, nih, tamoxifen-resistance
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525186: Phthalic acid, heptyl pentyl ester

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 2-O-heptyl 1-O-pentyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate. Molecular Formula: C20H30O4. Molecular Weight: 334.4. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2014-2015 NSDUH State Prevalence Estimates – Individual Excel Tables by Outcome

Prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals for persons aged 12 or older, 12 to 17, 18 to 25,  and 26 or older; also for persons 12 to 20 for one alcohol measure.

Tags: mental-health, nsduh-survey, samhsa, state-prevalence, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS): 2010, Data on Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities

This report presents results from the 2010 Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS), an annual survey of facilities providing substance abuse treatment. Conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the UFDS is designed to collect data on the location, characteristics, and use of alcoholism and drug abuse treatment facilities and services throughout the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and other U.S. jurisdictions.

Tags: alcoholism-treatment, drug-abuse-treatment, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, treatment-facility-survey
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services