AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
TCSP AEROSONDE V1

The TCSP Aerosonde dataset consists of measurements of air temperature, pressure, and relative humidity were made on each flight using two Vaisalla RS902 sondes located under the wings of the aerosonde aircraft. A Heiltronics KT11.k6 infrared pyrometer was used to measure sea surface temperatures (SST). The TCSP Field Experiment was held during the month of July, 2005, in Costa Rica. The mission was to study the processes associated with tropical waves passing over Central America to the Pacific ocean, where they would eventually form tropical cyclones.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-atmospheric-pressure-measurements, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-upper-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-upper-level-winds-flight-level-winds, earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-sea-surface-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
TCSP GOES VISIBLE AND INFRARED IMAGES V1

The TCSP GOES Visible and Infrared Images dataset was collected in support of the Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) mission, visible and infrared imagery from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 11 and 12 (GOES11, GOES 12) was collected and archived. Two channels were archived: channel 1-- visible (0.65 microns), and channel 2-- infrared (11 microns). Data files in McIDAS format as well as browse images were created. The TCSP mission collected data for research and documentation of cyclogenesis, the interaction of temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind and air pressure that creates ideal birthing conditions for tropical storms, hurricanes and related phenomena. The goal of this mission was to help us better understand how hurricanes and other tropical storms are formed and intensify.

Tags: earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-infrared-imagery, earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-infrared-radiance, earth-science-visible-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-visible-imagery, earth-science-visible-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-visible-radiance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
TCSP CLOUD RADAR SYSTEM (CRS) V1

The TCSP Cloud Radar System (CRS) datasets consists of vertically profiled reflectivity and Doppler velocity at aircraft nadir along the flight track. The CRS is a 94 GHz (W-band; 3 mm wavelength) Doppler radar developed for autonomous operation in the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft and for ground-based operation. It provided high-resolution profiles of reflectivity and Doppler velocity in clouds and it has important applications to atmospheric remote sensing studies. The CRS was designed to fly with the Cloud Lidar System (CLS), in the tail cone of an ER-2 superpod. There are two basic modes of operation of the CRS: 1) ER-2 with reflectivity, Doppler, and linear-depolarization measurements, and 2) ground-based with full polarimetric capability. The Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) mission used the ER-2 mode. The TCSP mission collected data for research and documentation of cyclogenesis, the interaction of temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind and air pressure that creates ideal birthing conditions for tropical storms, hurricanes and related phenomena. The goal of this mission was to help us better understand how hurricanes and other tropical storms are formed and intensify.

Tags: earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-doppler-velocity, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-radar-reflectivity
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The Transatlantic Equatorial Cruise I, TRIATLAS

TRATLEQ1 was an interdisciplinary cruise focusing on upwelling in the tropical Atlantic, its physical forcing, its importance for biological production and plankton communities, associated chemical cycles, as well as on the current system setting the background conditions for the downward carbon export. This cruise represents the first physical, chemical, biogeochemical and biological measurement program covering a whole equatorial section from the eastern to the western boundary and from the surface to the bottom. TRATLEQ I is a contribution to the GEOMAR research program OCEANS, to the EU projects TRIATLAS, the Make Our Planet Great Again project by R. Kiko and to the BMBF cooperative project BANINO in the frame of the BMBF SPACES program.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans, earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans, earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-ocean-chemistry, ocean-optics, ocean-temperature, oceans, salinity-density-oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
THIR/Nimbus-6 Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 6.7 microns V001 (THIRN6L1CH67) at GES DISC

THIRN6L1CH67 is the Nimbus-6 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 6.7 microns product and contains radiances expressed in units of equivalent brightness temperature measured in the 6.7 micron (water vapor) channel. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT-THIR). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The Nimbus-6 satellite was successfully launched on June 18, 1975. The Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) experiment on Nimbus-6 continues the measurements made by its predecessors flown on Nimbus-4 and Nimbus-5. The THIR instrument is a two channel high resolution scanning radiometer designed to perform two major functions: 1) The 11.5-12.5 micron channel provides both day and night cloud top or surface temperatures, with a resolution at nadir of 8 km, and operates day and night. 2) The 6.7 micron channel gives information on the water vapor content of the upper troposphere and stratosphere and the location of jet streams and frontal systems, with a resolution at nadir of 22 km, and operates mostly at night. The THIR Principal Investigator was Andrew W. McCulloch from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00164 (old ID 75-052A-12D).

Tags: earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-brightness-temperature-infrared-wavelen
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
THIR/Nimbus-6 Images of Daytime and Nighttime Brightness Temperature on 70 mm Film V001 (THIRN6IM) at GES DISC

The THIRN6IM data product consists of daily montages of brightness temperatures on 70 mm photofacsimile film strips from the Nimbus-6 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer measured at 6.7 and 11.5 microns. Daytime and nighttime orbital swaths are displayed in strips, each corresponding to a distance approximately from pole to pole and a width from horizon to horizon. The ground resolution of 22.6 km for 6.7 microns and 8.2 km for 11.5 microns at nadir decreases as the horizontal distance from the subsatellite track increases. Each film strip is gridded with geographic coordinates and is identified by orbit number, time, and an indication of whether it is daytime (D) or nighttime (N). The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 1 week of images are archived into a TAR file. Additional information can be found in section 2.4.1 of "The Nimbus 6 User's Guide." The Nimbus 6 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) was designed to detect emitted thermal radiation in both the 10.5- to 12.5-micron region (IR window) and the 6.5- to 7.0-micron region (water vapor). The window channel measured cloudtop temperatures day and night. The other channel operated primarily at night to map the water vapor distribution in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. The THIR experiment made measurements from June 18, 1975 until May 6, 1976.

Tags: earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-brightness-temperature-infrared-wavelen
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
THIR/Nimbus-5 Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 11.5 microns V001 (THIRN5L1CH115) at GES DISC

THIRN5L1CH115 is the Nimbus-5 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 11.5 microns product and contains radiances expressed in units of equivalent brightness temperature measured in the 10.5 - 12.5 (11.5) micron channel. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT-THIR). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The Nimbus-5 satellite was successfully launched on December 11, 1972. The THIR experiment on Nimbus-5 continued the measurements made by its predecessor flown on Nimbus-4. The THIR instrument is a two channel high resolution scanning radiometer designed to perform two major functions:* The 11.5 micron channel provides both day and night cloud top or surface temperatures. The ground resolution at the sub-point is 8 km and operates day and night.* The 6.7 micron channel gives information on the moisture content of the upper troposphere and stratosphere and the location of jet streams and frontal systems. The water vapor channel has a resolution of the sub-point is 22 km and operates mostly at night. The THIR Principal Investigator was Andrew W. McCulloch from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The Nimbus-5 THIR data are available from December 19, 1972 (day of year 354) through March 1, 1975 (day of year 60). The THIRN5L1CH67 product contains the 6.7 micron channel data. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00020 (old ID 72-097A-08C).

Tags: earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-brightness-temperature-infrared-wavelen
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
THIR/Nimbus-4 Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 6.7 microns V001 (THIRN4L1CH67) at GES DISC

THIRN4L1CH67 is the Nimbus-4 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 6.7 microns product contains radiances expressed in units of equivalent brightness temperature measured in the 6.7 micron channel. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT-THIR). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The Nimbus-4 satellite was successfully launched on April 8, 1970. The THIR experiment on Nimbus-4 replaced the measurements made the HRIR and MRIR instruments flown on previous Nimbus satellites. The THIR instrument is a two channel high resolution scanning radiometer designed to perform two major functions:* The 11.5 micron channel provides both day and night cloud top or surface temperatures. The ground resolution at the sub-point is 8 km and operates day and night.* The 6.7 micron channel gives information on the moisture content of the upper troposphere and stratosphere and the location of jet streams and frontal systems. The water vapor channel has a resolution of the sub-point is 22 km and operates mostly at night. The THIR Principal Investigator was Andrew W. McCulloch from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The Nimbus-4 THIR data are available from April 14, 1970 (day of year 104) through March 25, 1971 (day of year 84). The THIRN4L1CH115 product contains the 11.5 micron channel data. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00071 (old ID 70-025A-02E).

Tags: earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-brightness-temperature-infrared-wavelen
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Terra MODIS Level-3 Global Mapped 11µm Daytime Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Data, version R2019.0

MODIS (or Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is a key instrument aboard the Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) satellites. Terra's orbit around the Earth is timed so that it passes from north to south across the equator in the morning, while Aqua passes south to north over the equator in the afternoon. Terra MODIS and Aqua MODIS are viewing the entire Earth's surface every 1 to 2 days, acquiring data in 36 spectral bands, or groups of wavelengths (see MODIS Technical Specifications). These data will improve our understanding of global dynamics and processes occurring on the land, in the oceans, and in the lower atmosphere. MODIS is playing a vital role in the development of validated, global, interactive Earth system models able to predict global change accurately enough to assist policy makers in making sound decisions concerning the protection of our environment.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-sea-surface-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
THIR/Nimbus-6 Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 11.5 microns V001 (THIRN6L1CH115) at GES DISC

THIRN6L1CH115 is the Nimbus-6 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 11.5 microns product and contains radiances expressed in units of equivalent brightness temperature measured in the 10.5 - 12.5 (11.5) micron channel. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT-THIR). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The Nimbus-6 satellite was successfully launched on June 18, 1975. The THIR experiment on Nimbus-6 continued the measurements made by its predecessors flown on Nimbus-4 and Nimbus-5. The THIR instrument is a two channel high resolution scanning radiometer designed to perform two major functions: 1) The 11.5 micron channel provides both day and night cloud top or surface temperatures, with a resolution at nadir of 8 km, and operates day and night. 2) The 6.7 micron channel gives information on the water vapor content of the upper troposphere and stratosphere and the location of jet streams and frontal systems, with a resolution at nadir of 22 km, and operates mostly at night. The THIR Principal Investigator was Andrew W. McCulloch from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00125 (old ID 75-052A-12C).

Tags: earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-brightness-temperature-infrared-wavelen
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
THIR/Nimbus-7 Images of Daytime and Nighttime Brightness Temperature on 70 mm Film V001 (THIRN7IM) at GES DISC

THIRN7IM is the Nimbus-7 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) data product consisting of daily montages of brightness temperatures measured at 6.7 and 11.5 microns. Each montage contains either a daytime or nighttime assembly of up to 14 individual swaths. Each swath corresponds to a distance approximately from pole to pole and a width from horizon to horizon. The ground resolution is 22.6 km for 6.7 microns and 8.2 km for 11.5 microns at nadir and decreases as the horizontal distance from the subsatellite track increases. Below each swath is information describing the orbit number, and the equator crossing longitude and time. The THIR instrument was designed to detect emitted thermal radiation in both the 10.5 to 12.5 micron region (IR window) and the 6.5 to 7.0 micron region (water vapor). The window channel measured cloudtop temperatures day and night. The other channel operated primarily at night to map the water vapor distribution in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. The THIR experiment made measurements from Oct. 30, 1978 to May 9, 1985 when the instrument was turned off to conserve power. Additional information can be found in section 9 of "The Nimbus 7 User's Guide," and the "Nimbus 7 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Data User's Guide." This product was previously available from the NSSDC as two products with the identifiers ESAD-00174 and ESAD-00239 (old ID 78-098A-10A and 78-098A-10B).

Tags: earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-brightness-temperature-infrared-wavelen
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Timing and Statistics of Autumn and Spring Annual Snow Cover for the Northern Hemisphere, 1972 to 2000, Version 1

This data set comprises a time series of annual snow cover data for the Northern Hemisphere (covering land primarily above 45 degrees North) from 1972 to 2000. Data are presented for land areas that exhibited snow cover in each of the 29 years. Variables are the week of snow disappearance, the week of snow cover onset, and the duration of the snow-free period. In addition, summary statistics for each parameter are provided. These are grids of the mean and the standard deviation for the three parameters.

Tags: earth-science-snow-ice-cryosphere-snow-cover-snow-ice-cryosphere-snow-cover
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
TIROS-4 Low-Resolution Omnidirectional Radiometer Level 1 Temperature Data V001 (TIROS4L1ORT) at GES DISC

The TIROS-4 Low-Resolution Omnidirectional Radiometer Level 1 Temperature Data product contains the black and white sensor temperature values in degrees Celsius. The experiment consisted of two sets of bolometers in the form of hollow aluminum hemispheres, mounted on opposite sides of the spacecraft, and whose optical axes were parallel to the spin axis. The bolometers were thermally isolated from but in close proximity to reflecting mirrors so that the hemispheres behaved like isolated spheres in space. The experiment was designed to measure the amount of solar energy absorbed, reflected, and emitted by the earth and its atmosphere in order to calculate the Earth's radiation budget. The data were originally written on IBM 7094 machines, and these have been recovered from magnetic tapes, referred to as the Omnidirectional Radiometer Temperature (ORT) tapes. The data are archived in their text format. The TIROS-4 satellite was successfully launched on February 8, 1962. The Low-Resolution Omnidirectional Radiometer experiment returned data for about five months. A previous instrument flew on TIROS-3 and a follow-on instrument was flown on TIROS-7, while a similar instrument flew on Explorer-7. The Principal Investigator for these data was Verner E. Suomi from the University of Wisconsin. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00252 (old id 62-002A-01A).

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-earth-radiation-budget-atmospheric-radiation-atm
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Terra MODIS Level-3 Global Mapped 11µm Nighttime Sea Surface Temperature (NSST) Data, version R2019.0

MODIS (or Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is a key instrument aboard the Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) satellites. Terra's orbit around the Earth is timed so that it passes from north to south across the equator in the morning, while Aqua passes south to north over the equator in the afternoon. Terra MODIS and Aqua MODIS are viewing the entire Earth's surface every 1 to 2 days, acquiring data in 36 spectral bands, or groups of wavelengths (see MODIS Technical Specifications). These data will improve our understanding of global dynamics and processes occurring on the land, in the oceans, and in the lower atmosphere. MODIS is playing a vital role in the development of validated, global, interactive Earth system models able to predict global change accurately enough to assist policy makers in making sound decisions concerning the protection of our environment.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-sea-surface-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
TMI/TRMM precipitation and uncertainty (TMPA) L3 3 hour 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V001 (WC_MULTISEN_PREC_025) at GES DISC

TMI/TRMM precipitation and uncertainty (TMPA) L3 3 hour 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V001 provides estimates of accumulated precipitation from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Other Data Precipitation Data Set (TRMM 3B42; Huffman et al., 2007), along with estimates of the uncertainty in the TRMM 3B42 made by Bytheway and Kummerow (2013). The data set covers both ocean and land from 50 degree North to 50 degree South.

Tags: atmosphere-liquid-precipitation, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-liquid-precipitation-rain, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount-precipitation, precipitation-amount-rain, precipitation-atmosphere
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
TIROS-2 Medium-Resolution Scanning Radiometer Level 1 Final Meteorological Radiation Data V001 (TIROS2L1FMRT) at GES DISC

TIROS-2 Medium-Resolution Scanning Radiometer Level 1 Final Meteorological Radiation Data (FMRT) product contains radiances expressed in five infrared/visible wavelength regions, expressed in either equivalent blackbody temperature (IR channels 1 and 2) or effective radiant emmitance (visible channels 3 and 5). The data will trace an elliptical, parabolic, or hyperbolic pattern on the ground due to the rotating of the instrument about the satellite spin axis. There is one orbit per file. The data were originally written on IBM 7094 machines, and these have been recovered from magnetic tapes, referred to as the Final Meteorological Radiation Tapes (FMRT). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The TIROS-2 satellite was successfully launched on November 23, 1960. The Medium-Resolution Scanning Radiometer experiment successfully returned data for about five months, becoming the first radiometer to make meteorlogical measurements from space. Three follow-on instruments were flown on TIROS-3, -4 and -7. Initially, all channels performed normally. However, channels 1 and 4 gradually deteriorated and by January 1961 were useless. The signal to noise ratio of channels 3 and 5 was extremely low, and the output was highly questionable. The instrument is a five channel radiometer with a 55 km footprint at nadir with the following characteristics: Channel 1: 6.0 to 6.5 microns - water vapor absorption Channel 2: 8.0 to 12.0 microns - atmospheric window Channel 3: 0.2 to 6.0 microns - reflected solar radiation Channel 4: 8.0 to 30 microns - terrestial radiation Channel 5: 0.55 to 0.75 microns - response to the TV system The Principal Investigator for these data was Joseph D. Barksdale from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00113 (old ID 60-016A-02A).

Tags: earth-science-visible-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-visible-radiance-visible-wavelengths-spe
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration