AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
MODIS/Terra Water Reservoir 8-Day L3 Global V061

The Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Water Reservoir 8-Day Level 3 (L3) Global (MOD28C2) Version 6.1 product provides current data for 151 man-made reservoirs and 13 regulated natural lakes for a total of 164 reservoirs. The MOD28C2 Version 6.1 data product provides an 8-day time series of surface area, elevation, and water storage. Datasets are combined with pre-established [Area-Elevation (A-E) curves](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111831) and image classifications of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance from the surface reflectance product acquired by the Terra satellite ([MOD09Q1](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod09q1v061/)). The MOD28C2 data product contains a single layer with information about the reservoir identifier, dam location (longitude and latitude), reservoir area, elevation, and storage capacity. Known Issues * Water occurrence images generally show smaller surface area dynamics in high latitude regions, creating pixels with low occurrence values that have relatively large uncertainties. In addition, the quality of raw water area classification can be affected by lake ice coverage typically creating an overestimation of surface area in the enhancement algorithm. This issue will be addressed in a future release of the enhancement algorithm. For additional information about known issues, refer to Section 4 in the User Guide and [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=61).

Tags: earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-features-lakes-reservoirs, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements-total, earth-science-topography-land-surface-terrain-elevation-bed-elevation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra Water Reservoir Monthly L3 Global V061

The Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Water Reservoir Monthly Level 3 (L3) Global (MOD28C3) Version 6.1 product provides current data for 151 man-made reservoirs and 13 regulated natural lakes for a total of 164 reservoirs. The MOD28C3 Version 6.1 data product is a composite of the 8-day area classifications from [MOD28C2](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod28c2v061/), which is converted to provide monthly elevation and water storage. [Lake Temperature and Evaporation Model (LTEM)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112104) via MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) ([MOD21](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod21v061/)) and meteorological data from [Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)](https://earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/hydro/data/gldas-global-land-data-assimilation-system-data) are used to produce monthly evaporation rates and volume losses. The MOD28C3 data product contains a single layer with information about the reservoir identifier, dam location (longitude and latitude), monthly reservoir area, elevation, storage capacity, evaporation rate, and evaporation volume. Known Issues * Water occurrence images generally show smaller surface area dynamics in high latitude regions, creating pixels with low occurrence values that have relatively large uncertainties. In addition, the quality of raw water area classification can be affected by lake ice coverage typically creating an overestimation of surface area in the enhancement algorithm. This issue will be addressed in a future release of the enhancement algorithm. For additional information about known issues, refer to Section 4 in the User Guide and [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=61).

Tags: earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-features-lakes-reservoirs, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements-total, earth-science-topography-land-surface-terrain-elevation-bed-elevation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra+Aqua BRDF Model Parameters 8-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V006

The MCD19A3 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MCD19A3 Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD19A3.061) data product. The MCD19A3 Version 6 data product is a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua combined Multi-angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) Model Parameters gridded Level 3 product which is output every 8 days at 1 kilometer resolution. The MCD19A3 product provides three coefficients (weights) of the RossThick/Li-Sparse (RTLS) BRDF model that can be used to describe the anisotropy of each pixel. The retrievals represent cloud-free and low aerosol conditions. The MCD19A3 BRDF Model Parameters product contains the following Science Dataset (SDS) layers: RTLS isotropic kernel parameter (Kiso) for bands 1-8, the RTLS volumetric kernel parameter (Kvol) for bands 1-8, RTLS geometric kernel parameter (Kgeo) for bands 1-8, surface albedo for bands 1-8, and the number of days since last update to current day. Three low-resolution browse images are also included showing the BRDF coefficients for the red band: (1) Kiso, (2) Kvol, and (3) Kgeo. Known Issues * Due to Terra MODIS calibration degradation, BRDF in MODIS Band 8 may contain artifacts (e.g., 10 km striping), particularly after 2015. * Known issues are described on page 14 of the User Guide. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=TerraAqua&as=6).

Tags: earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra+Aqua AOD and Water Vapor from MAIAC, Daily L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V061

The MCD19A2CMG Version 6.1 data product is a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua combined Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) Land Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Water Vapor Level 3 product produced daily in a 0.05 degree (5,600 meters at the equator) Climate Modeling Grid (CMG). The MCD19A2CMG product provides the atmospheric properties and view geometry used to calculate the MAIAC Surface Reflectance data products ([MCD19A1CMGL](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD19A1CMGL.061) and [MCD19A1CMGO](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD19A1CMGO.061)). The MCD19A2CMG AOD data product contains the following Science Dataset (SDS) layers: blue band AOD at 0.47 µm, green band AOD at 0.55 µm, AOD uncertainty, column water vapor for Terra, column water vapor for Aqua, average cloud fraction, available AOD, satellite overpass times, line and sample number, offset, and number of AOD records. A low-resolution browse image is also included showing AOD of the blue band at 0.47 µm created using a composite of all available orbits. Known Issues * Known issues are described in Section 6 of the User Guide. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=TerraAqua&as=61).

Tags: earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra+Aqua BRDF/Albedo Albedo Daily L3 Global - 500m V061

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MCD43A3 Version 6.1 Albedo Model dataset is produced daily using 16 days of Terra and Aqua MODIS data at 500 meter (m) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day of the 16 day which is reflected in the Julian date in the file name. Users are urged to use the band specific quality flags to isolate the highest quality full inversion results for their own science applications as described in the [User Guide](https://www.umb.edu/spectralmass/modis-user-guide-v006-and-v0061/mcd43a3-albedo-product/). The MCD43A3 provides black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) and white-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) data at local solar noon for MODIS bands 1 through 7 and the visible, near infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands. Along with the albedo layers are the simplified mandatory quality layers for each of the 10 bands. Essential quality information provided in the corresponding [MCD43A2](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD43A2.061) data file should be consulted when using this product. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=TerraAqua&as=61). Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions * The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017. * A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB).

Tags: earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-albedo, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-anisotropy
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Monsoonal Arabian Sea measurements to validate OceanSat-2

Measurements made in the monsoonal Arabian Sea in 2009 to validate the Indian Satellite, OceanSat-2.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans, earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans, earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra+Aqua BRDF/Albedo Albedo Daily L3 Global - 500m V006

The MCD43A3 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MCD43A3 Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD43A3.061) data product. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MCD43A3 Version 6 Albedo Model dataset is produced daily using 16 days of Terra and Aqua MODIS data at 500 meter (m) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day of the 16 day which is reflected in the Julian date in the file name. The MCD43A3 provides black-sky albedo (directional hemispherical reflectance) and white-sky albedo (bihemispherical reflectance) data at local solar noon for MODIS bands 1 through 7 and the visible, near infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands. Along with the albedo layers are the simplified mandatory quality layers for each of the 10 bands. Essential quality information provided in the corresponding [MCD43A2](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD43A2.006) data file should be consulted when using this product. Users are also urged to use the band specific quality flags to isolate the highest quality full inversion results for their own science applications as described in the User Guide. Known Issues * The incorrect representation of the aerosol quantities (low average high) [in the C6 MYD09 and MOD09 surface reflectance products](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/displayissue?id=86) may have impacted downstream products particularly over arid bright surfaces. This (and a few other issues) have been corrected for C6.1. Therefore users should avoid substantive use of the C6 MCD43 products and wait for the C6.1 products. In any event, users are always strongly encouraged to download and use the extensive QA data provided in MCD43A2, in addition to the briefer mandatory QAs provided as part of the MCD43A1, 3, and 4 products. * [Corrections](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/LSRHighAerosolFlagFinal.pdf) were implemented in Collection 6.1 reprocessing. * For complete information about the MCD43A3 known issues refer to the [MODIS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&as=6). Improvements/Changes from Previous Version * Observations are weighted to estimate the BRDF/Albedo on the ninth day of the 16-day period. * MCD43 products use the snow status weighted to the ninth day instead of the majority snow/no-snow observations from the 16-day period. * Better quality at high latitudes from use of all available observations for the acquisition period. Collection 5 used only four observations per day. * The MCD43 products use L2G-lite surface reflectance as input. * When there are insufficient high quality reflectances, a database with archetypal BRDF parameters is used to supplement the observational data and perform a lower quality magnitude inversion. This database is continually updated with the latest full inversion retrieval for each pixel.

Tags: earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-albedo, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-anisotropy
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Multi-Mission Optimally Interpolated Sea Surface Salinity Global Dataset V1

This is a level 4 product on a 0.25-degree spatial and 4-day temporal grid. The product is derived from the level 2 swath data of three satellite missions: the Aquarius/SAC-D, Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) using Optimal Interpolation (OI) with a 7-day decorrelation time scale. The product offers a continuous record from August 28, 2011 to present by concatenating the measurements from Aquarius (September 2011 - June 2015) and SMAP (April 2015 present). ESAs SMOS data was used to fill the gap in SMAP data between June and July 2019, when the SMAP satellite was in a safe mode. The two-month overlap (April - June 2015) between Aquarius and SMAP was used to ensure consistency and continuity in data record. The product covers the global ocean, including the Arctic and Antarctic in the areas free of sea ice, but does not cover internal seas such as Mediterranean and Baltic Sea. In-situ salinity from Argo floats and moored buoys are used to derive a large-scale bias correction and to ensure consistency and accuracy of the OISSS dataset. This dataset is produced by the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) of the University of Hawaii at Manoa in collaboration with the Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), Santa Rosa, California. More details can be found in the users guide.

Tags: earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-salinity-none
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Monthly Climate Data for Selected USGS HCDN Sites, 1951-1990, R1

Time series of monthly minimum and maximum temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration were derived for 1,469 watersheds in the conterminous United States for which stream flow measurements were also available from the national streamflow database, termed the Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN), developed by Slack et al. (1993a,b). Monthly climate estimates were derived for the years 1951-1990. The climate characteristic estimates of temperature and precipitation were estimated using the PRISM (Daly et al. 1994, 1997) climate analysis system as described in Vogel, et al. 1999. Estimates of monthly potential evaporation were obtained using a method introduced by Hargreaves and Samani (1982) which is based on monthly time series of average minimum and maximum temperature data along with extraterrestrial solar radiation. Extraterrestrial solar radiation was estimated for each basin by computing the solar radiation over 0.1 degree grids using the method introduced by Duffie and Beckman (1980) and then summing those estimates for each river basin. This process is described in Sankarasubramanian, et al. (2001). Revision Notes: This data set has been revised to update the number of watersheds included in the data set and to updated the units for the potential evapotranspiration variable. Please see the Data Set Revisions section of this document for detailed information.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-maximum-minimum-temperatur, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-processes-evapotranspiration, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements-discha, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-watershed-characteristics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra+Aqua Photosynthetically Active Radiation Daily/3-Hour L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V061

The MCD18A2 Version 6.1 dataset was decommissioned on June 1, 2024. Users are encouraged to use the [MCD18A2 Version 6.2 data product](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD18A2.062). The MCD18A2 Version 6.1 is a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua combined Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) gridded Level 3 product produced daily at 1 kilometer pixel resolution with estimates of PAR every 3 hours. PAR is incident solar radiation in the visible spectrum (400-700 nanometers) and is an important variable in land-surface models that address a variety of scientific and application issues. The MCD18 products are based on a prototyping algorithm that uses multi-temporal signatures of MODIS data to derive surface reflectance and then calculate incident PAR using the look-up table (LUT) approach. The LUTs consider different types of loadings of aerosols and clouds at a variety of illumination/viewing geometry. Global PAR products are generated from MODIS and geostationary satellite data. Additional details regarding the methodology used to create the data are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). Provided in the MOD18A2 product are layers for instantaneous PAR array for each individual MODIS overpass and 3-hour PAR array along with a View Zenith Angle layer. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=TerraAqua&as=61). Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions * The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017. * A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB). * The MCD18A2 Version 6.1 product has an improved 1 km resolution over the 5 km Version 6. * The MCD18 suite has added CMG products (MCD18C1/MCD18C2).

Tags: earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-albedo, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-anisotropy, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance Daily L2G Global 1km and 500m SIN Grid V006

The MOD09GA Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MOD09GA Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD09GA.061) data product. The MOD09GA Version 6 product provides an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance of Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Bands 1 through 7, corrected for atmospheric conditions such as gasses, aerosols, and Rayleigh scattering. Provided along with the 500 meter (m) surface reflectance, observation, and quality bands are a set of ten 1 kilometer (km) observation bands and geolocation flags. The reflectance layers from the MOD09GA are used as the source data for many of the MODIS land products. Known Issues * Striping due to a dead detector is noticeable for bands 5, 6, and 7 in scenes acquired February 24 through October 31, 2000. Corrections were implemented to reduce the striping in data acquired after November 1, 2000. Users should always check the band quality for dead detectors even though reflectance values may be in the valid range. * The Collection 6 MODIS Land Surface Reflectance product (MOD09) may [incorrectly flag retrievals as ‘High Aerosol’](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/displayissue?id=86) over brighter surfaces and at higher view angles. This will impact the downstream MODIS BRDF/Albedo (MCD43) and Vegetation Index (MOD13 and MYD13) data products which use the aerosol quantity flag to screen out high aerosol values. * [Corrections](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/LSRHighAerosolFlagFinal.pdf) were implemented in Collection 6.1 reprocessing. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=6). Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions * Improvements to the aerosol retrieval and correction algorithm along with new aerosol retrieval look-up tables. * Refinements to the internal snow, cloud, and cloud shadow detection algorithms. Uses Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) database to better constrain the different threshold used. * Processes ocean bands to create a new Surface Reflectance Ocean product and provides Quality Assurance (QA) datasets for these bands. * Improved discrimination of salt pans from cloud and snow, along with the inclusion of a salt pan flag in the QA band.

Tags: earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Monthly gridded Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) from Noah-v3.3 land hydrology model for GRACE and GRACE-FO over nominal months

The total land water storage anomalies are aggregated from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) NOAH model. GLDAS outputs land water content by using numerous land surface models and data assimilation. For more information on the GLDAS project and model outputs please visit https://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/gldas. The aggregated land water anomalies (sum of soil moisture, snow, canopy water) provided here can be used for comparison against and evaluations of the observations of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-FO over land. The monthly anomalies are computed over the same days during each month as GRACE and GRACE-FO data, and are provided on monthly 1 degree lat/lon grids in NetCDF format. Currently, the days included in these monthly anomaly computation are same as GRACE-FO monthly Level-2 RL06.3 JPL solutions.

Tags: earth-science-water-budget-terrestrial-hydrosphere-terrestrial-water-storage
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration