AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
The role of lumbar puncture in children with suspected central nervous system infection

Background
          The use of the lumbar puncture in the diagnosis of central nervous system infection in acutely ill children is controversial. Recommendations have been published but it is unclear whether they are being followed.
        
        
          Methods
          The medical case notes of 415 acute medical admissions in a children's hospital were examined to identify children with suspected central nervous system infection and suspected meningococcal septicaemia. We determined whether lumbar punctures were indicated or contraindicated, whether they had been performed, and whether the results contributed to the patients' management.
        
        
          Results
          Fifty-two children with suspected central nervous system infections, and 43 with suspected meningococcal septicaemia were identified. No lumbar punctures were performed in patients with contraindications, but only 25 (53%) of 47 children with suspected central nervous system infection and no contraindications received a lumbar puncture. Lumbar puncture findings contributed to the management in 18 (72%) of these patients, by identifying a causative organism or excluding bacterial meningitis.
        
        
          Conclusion
          The recommendations for undertaking lumbar punctures in children with suspected central nervous system infection are not being followed because many children that should receive lumbar punctures are not getting them. When they are performed, lumbar puncture findings make a useful contribution to the patients' management.

Tags: cns-infection, lumbar-puncture, meningococcal-septicaemia, nih, pediatric-health
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2011 State Profile — Missouri

This is a National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) data table showing state profiles for Missouri in 2011. N-SSATS is designed to collect data on the location, characteristics, and use of alcohol and drug abuse treatment facilities and services throughout the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and other U.S. jurisdictions.

Tags: missouri, n-ssats, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, treatment-facilities
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2006 Discharges from Substance Abuse Treatment Services

This report presents results from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) for the approximately 1.5 million clients discharged from substance abuse treatment in 2006. The report provides information on treatment completion, length of stay in treatment, and demographic and substance abuse characteristics of those discharged from alcohol or drug treatment in facilities that reported to individual state administrative data systems.

Tags: alcohol-drug-treatment, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, teds-discharges, treatment-episode-data
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Increased risk of tuberculosis in health care workers: a retrospective survey at a teaching hospital in Istanbul, Turkey

Background
          Tuberculosis (TB) is an established occupational disease affecting health care workers (HCWs). Determining the risk of TB among HCWs is important to enable authorites to take preventative measures in health care facilities and protect HCWs. This study was designed to assess the incidence of TB in a teaching hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. This study is retrospective study of health records of HCWs in our hospital from 1991 to 2000.
        
        
          Results
          The mean workforce of the hospital was 3359 + 33.2 between 1991 and 2000. There were 31 cases (15 male) meeting the diagnostic criteria for TB, comprising eight doctors, one nurse and 22 other health professionals. Mean incidence of TB was 96 per 100,000 for all HCWs (relative risk: 2.71), 79 per 100,000 for doctors (relative risk: 2.2), 14 per 100,000 for nurses and 121 per 100,000 (relative risk: 3.4) for other professionals. The mean incidence of TB in Turkey between 1991 and 2000 was 35.4 per 100,000. Incidence of TB was similar in the Departments of Chest Diseases and Clinical Medicine but there were no TB cases in the Basic Science and Managerial Departments.
        
        
          Conclusion
          HCWs in Turkey who work in clinics have an increased risk for TB. Post-graduate education and prevention programs reduce the risk of TB. Control programs to prevent nosocomial transmission of TB should be established in hospitals to reduce risk for HCWs.

Tags: healthcare-workers, nih, occupational-health, tuberculosis-hcw, tuberculosis-incidence
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Publications Using SAMHSA DataTable 4. Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once a Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by State and Substate Regions: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2010, 2011, and 2012 NSDUHs

Publications Using SAMHSA DataTable 4. Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once a Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by State and Substate Regions: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2010, 2011, and 2012 NSDUHs

Tags: adolescent-drug-use, marijuana-risk-perception, nsduh-data, samhsa, substate-data
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Multigene family isoform profiling from blood cell lineages

Background
          Analysis of cell-selective gene expression for families of proteins of therapeutic interest is crucial when deducing the influence of genes upon complex traits and disease susceptibility. Presently, there is no convenient tool for examining isoform-selective expression for large gene families. A multigene isoform profiling strategy was developed and used to investigate the inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channel family in human leukocytes. Comprised of seven subfamilies, Kir channels have important roles in setting the resting membrane potential in excitable and non-excitable cells.
        
        
          Results
          Gene sequence alignment allowed determination of "islands" of amino acid homology, and sub-family "centred" priming permitted simultaneous co-amplification of each family member. Validation and cross-priming analysis was performed against a panel of cognate Kir channel clones. Radiolabelling and diagnostic restriction digestion of pooled PCR products enabled determination of distinct Kir gene expression profiles in pure populations of human neutrophils, eosinophils and lung mast cells, with conservation of Kir2.0 isoforms amongst the leukocyte subsets. We also identified a Kir2.0 channel product, which may potentially represent a novel family member.
        
        
          Conclusions
          We have developed a novel, rapid and flexible strategy for the determination of gene family isoform composition in any cell type with the additional capacity to detect hitherto unidentified family members and verified its application in a study of Kir channel isoform expression in human leukocytes.

Tags: blood-cell-lineages, ion-channel-profiling, kir-channels, leukocyte-gene-expression, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The Beginning of the Research Stream in Family Medicine Residency Program at McMaster University

Background
          To examine research background, attitudes, knowledge and skills of family medicine residents with regard to primary care research and to compare residents who elected to participate in the research stream with those who did not.
        
        
          Methods
          Mailed survey of Family Medicine residents at McMaster University in 1998, 70% (52/74) of whom responded. The main outcome measures consisted of research background; attitudes towards primary care research and research activities during residency program; knowledge and skills in applying it in biostatistics, epidemiology, and research design.
        
        
          Results
          The vast majority of the residents reported previous research experience and/or some training in epidemiology and biostatistics. Residents in the research stream were more likely to be female and were positive towards primary care research: they were more interested in research, more interested in obtaining more research training while a resident, and placed more importance on developing research early in medical education. The research stream residents had stronger views regarding perceived lack of support staff and lack of time for research. There were no statistically significant differences between the research stream and other residents in terms of research knowledge and skills in applying it.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Attitudes towards research rather than research knowledge or skills seemed to distinguish those selecting to be in our new research stream at the inception.

Tags: family-medicine, nih, primary-care, research-attitudes, resident-research
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Behavioral Health Barometer: Region 5, Volume 7

Explore state and regional data for HHS Region 5 with this user-friendly behavioral health report. It uses data from the 2021-2022 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The topics addressed in this report include substance use, substance use disorders, and mental health. Selected estimates are provided for adolescents aged 12 to 17, underage people aged 12 to 20, adults aged 18 or older, and the general population aged 12 or older. Statistical tests compare population percentages of (1) HHS region versus national estimates, (2) state versus national estimates, and (3) state versus HHS region estimates.

Tags: behavioral-health, mental-health, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2016-2017 NSDUH: Other Sources of State-Level Data

This document briefly describes one of these other data systems that publish state estimates and presents selected comparisons with NSDUH results:  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and  Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS).

Tags: behavioral-risk-factors, brfss-comparison, samhsa, substance-use-estimates, yrbs-comparison
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Multi site polyadenylation and transcriptional response to stress of a vacuolar type H

Background
          Vacuolar type H+-ATPases play a critical role in the maintenance of vacuolar homeostasis in plant cells. V-ATPases are also involved in plants' defense against environmental stress. This research examined the expression and regulation of the catalytic subunit of the vacuolar type H+-ATPase in Arabidopsis thaliana and the effect of environmental stress on multiple transcripts generated by this gene.
        
        
          Results
          Evidence suggests that subunit A of the vacuolar type H+-ATPase is encoded by a single gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genome blot analysis showed no indication of a second subunit A gene being present. The single gene identified was shown by whole RNA blot analysis to be transcribed in all organs of the plant. Subunit A was shown by sequencing the 3' end of multiple cDNA clones to exhibit multi site polyadenylation. Four different poly (A) tail attachment sites were revealed. Experiments were performed to determine the response of transcript levels for subunit A to environmental stress. A PCR based strategy was devised to amplify the four different transcripts from the subunit A gene.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Amplification of cDNA generated from seedlings exposed to cold, salt stress, and etiolation showed that transcript levels for subunit A of the vacuolar type H+-ATPase in Arabidopsis were responsive to stress conditions. Cold and salt stress resulted in a 2–4 fold increase in all four subunit A transcripts evaluated. Etiolation resulted in a slight increase in transcript levels. All four transcripts appeared to behave identically with respect to stress conditions tested with no significant differential regulation.

Tags: arabidopsis-thaliana, environmental-stress, gene-expression, nih, v-atpase
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
A49T, V89L and TA repeat polymorphisms of steroid 5α-reductase type II and breast cancer risk in Japanese women

Background
          Breast cancer is hormone related, as are cancers of the endometrium, ovary, and prostate. Several studies have suggested that higher extracellular levels of androgens are associated with breast cancer risk, while biological evidence indicates that androgens are protective. The codon 49 alanine to threonine substitution (A49T), codon 89 valine to leucine substitution (V89L) and TA repeat polymorphisms of the steroid 5α-reductase type II (SRD5A2) gene are considered functional with respect to enzyme activity converting testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. To test the hypothesis that these three polymorphisms are associated with risk of breast cancer, a case–control study was conducted with patients of Aichi Cancer Center Hospital.
        
        
          Methods
          The cases were 237 patients histologically diagnosed with breast cancer, and the controls were 185 noncancer outpatients. DNA from peripheral blood was genotyped by PCR methods.
        
        
          Results
          The threonine allele of A49T was not found in our subjects. Compared with the V/V genotype of V89L, the L/L genotype was associated with a decreased risk (crude odds ratio [OR] = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36–1.05). This was also the case for the TA(9/9) genotype, with an OR of 0.58 (95% CI = 0.13–2.63) relative to TA(0/0). Among women with the TA(0/0) genotype, however, the OR for the L/L genotype was 0.46 (95% CI = 0.24–0.88) compared with the V/V genotype, and those with the V/V and TA(0/0) genotypes had the highest risk. The haplotype with the L and TA(9) repeat alleles was not found.
        
        
          Conclusion
          This study is the first to our knowledge focusing on Japanese women, suggesting that SRD5A2 polymorphisms might have an association with breast cancer risk. Further large-sample studies will be required to confirm the association and to assess any interactions with environmental factors.

Tags: breast-cancer, genetic-polymorphism, japanese-women, nih, srd5a2-gene
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2019 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Nebraska

These are the 2019 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Nebraska. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence-based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-data, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, nebraska, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Systematic reviews of complementary therapies – an annotated bibliography. Part 3: Homeopathy

Background
          Complementary therapies are widespread but controversial. We aim to provide a comprehensive collection and a summary of systematic reviews of clinical trials in three major complementary therapies (acupuncture, herbal medicine, homeopathy). This article is dealing with homeopathy. Potentially relevant reviews were searched through the register of the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field, the Cochrane Library, Medline, and bibliographies of articles and books. To be included articles had to review prospective clinical trials of homeopathy; had to describe review methods explicitly; had to be published; and had to focus on treatment effects. Information on conditions, interventions, methods, results and conclusions was extracted using a pretested form and summarized descriptively.
        
        
          Results
          Eighteen out of 22 potentially relevant reviews preselected in the screening process met the inclusion criteria. Six reviews addressed the question whether homeopathy is effective across conditions and interventions. The majority of available trials seem to report positive results but the evidence is not convincing. For isopathic nosodes for allergic conditions, oscillococcinum for influenza-like syndromes and galphimia for pollinosis the evidence is promising while in other areas reviewed the results are equivocal.
        
        
          Interpretation
          Reviews on homeopathy often address general questions. While the evidence is promising for some topics the findings of the available reviews are unlikely to end the controversy on this therapy.

Tags: clinical-trials, complementary-therapies, homeopathy-reviews, nih, systematic-review
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Frequency of tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in HIV infected patients from Bogota, Colombia

Background
          The prevalence of infections by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species in the HIV-infected patient population in Colombia was uncertain despite some pilot studies. We determined the frequency of isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and of non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species in diverse body fluids of HIV-infected patients in Bogota, Colombia.
        
        
          Methods
          Patients who attended the three major HIV/AIDS healthcare centres in Bogota were prospectively studied over a six month period. A total of 286 patients were enrolled, 20% of them were hospitalized at some point during the study. Sixty four percent (64%) were classified as stage C, 25% as stage B, and 11% as stage A (CDC staging system, 1993). A total of 1,622 clinical samples (mostly paired samples of blood, sputum, stool, and urine) were processed for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain and culture.
        
        
          Results
          Overall 43 of 1,622 cultures (2.6%) were positive for mycobacteria. Twenty-two sputum samples were positive. Four patients were diagnosed with M. tuberculosis (1.4%). All isolates of M. tuberculosis were sensitive to common anti-tuberculous drugs. M. avium was isolated in thirteen patients (4.5%), but only in three of them the cultures originated from blood. The other isolates were obtained from stool, urine or sputum samples. In three cases, direct AFB smears of blood were positive. Two patients presented simultaneously with M. tuberculosis and M. avium.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium infections are frequent in HIV infected patients in Bogota. The diagnostic sensitivity for infection with tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria can be increased when diverse body fluids are processed from each patient.

Tags: colombia, hiv-infections, mycobacterium-tuberculosis, nih, tuberculosis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Tennessee 2016 Potential Areas for Addressing Service Gaps for Opioid Treatment

The purpose of the medication-assisted treatment (MAT) facility maps is to identify areas on a state-by-state basis that may be potentially underserved by existing treatment facilities. The maps are created with a methodology that seeks to include the highest potential need areas from individual counties so that county-level stakeholders are also informed. The maps are meant to be used as a tool for policy makers to determine potentially underserved areas—not as a definitive representation of these areas.

Tags: mat-access, opioid-treatment, samhsa, service-gap-analysis, tennessee-opioids
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
What can we hope to gain for trypanosomiasis control from molecular studies on tsetse biology ?

At times of crisis when epidemics rage and begin to take their toll on affected populations, as we have been witnessing with African trypanosomiasis in subSahara, the dichotomy of basic versus applied research deepens. While undoubtedly the treatment of thousands of infected people is the top priority, without continued research and development on the biology of disease agents and on ecological and evolutionary forces impacting these epidemics, little progress can be gained in the long run for the eventual control of these diseases. Here, we argue the need for additional research in one under-investigated area, that is the biology of the tsetse vector. Lacking are studies aimed to understand the genetic and cellular basis of tsetse interactions with trypanosomes as well as the genetic and biochemical basis of its ability to transmit these parasites. We discuss how this knowledge has the potential to contribute to the development of new vector control strategies as well as to improve the efficacy and affordability of the existing control approaches.

Tags: nih, parasite-transmission, trypanosomiasis, tsetse-fly, vector-control
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
North Dakota (ND)

This report uses 2008 to 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to assess past year alcohol use disorder and illicit drug use disorder among persons aged 12 or older for North Dakota overall and for substate regions within North Dakota. Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE).

Tags: mental-health-indicators, north-dakota, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use-disorder
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 528371: Nornicotine, N-octanoyl

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 1-(2-pyridin-3-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl)octan-1-one. Molecular Formula: C17H26N2O. Molecular Weight: 274.4. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services