AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Phenoregions For Monitoring Vegetation Responses to Climate Change

The overall purpose in this research was to identify the regions of the world best suited for long-term monitoring of biospheric responses to climate change, i.e. monitoring land surface phenology. The user is referred to White et al. [2005] for further details. Using global 8 km 1982 to 1999 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and an eight-element monthly climatology, we identified pixels consistently dominated by annual cycles and then created phenologically and climatically self-similar clusters, which we term phenoregions. We then ranked and screened each phenoregion as a function of landcover homogeneity and consistency, evidence of human impacts, and political diversity.This dataset contains material providing users with direct access to data used to construct the figures in White et al. [2005]. Users are referred to this reference for additional information. Data files include ASCII and binary versions of the image files for the 500 elemental phenoregions and the 136 final monitoring phenoregions (shown in figure below) and a corresponding .jpg map. Also included are the classification data in tabular ACSII format for each of the 500 elemental phenoregions.Selected monitoring phenoregions. Phenoregions with fewer than 100 pixels or dominated by crop, urban or barren landcover removed. The 136 remaining phenoregions are those passing the screening factors in Table 1 and are shown with normalized rankings by landcover. (From White et al., 2005)

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Phenology derived from Satellite Data and PhenoCam across CONUS and Alaska, 2019-2020

This dataset provides a reference of land surface phenology (LSP) at 30-m pixels for 78 regions of 10 x 10 km2 across a wide range of ecological and climatic regions in North America during 2019 and 2020. The data were derived by fusing the Harmonized Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 (HLS) observations with near- surface PhenoCam time series (hereafter called HP-LSP). The HP-LSP dataset consists of two parts: (1) the 3-day synthetic gap-free EVI2 (two-band Enhanced Vegetation Index) time series and (2) four key phenological transition dates that are greenup onset, maturity onset, senescence onset, and dormancy onset (accuracy less than or equal to five days). The PhenoCam network offers near-surface observations via the RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) imagery every 30 minutes. Each RGB imagery enables us to calculate as many as 100 Green Chromatic Coordinate (GCC) for generating a collection of localized vegetation dynamics. The HLS EVI2 time series with frequent gaps was fused with the most comparable PhenoCam GCC temporal shape selected from the GCC collection using the Spatiotemporal Shape Matching Model (SSMM) to create the synthetic gap-free HLS-PhenoCam EVI2 time series, which was used to establish the physically-based hybrid piecewise logistic model (HPLM) for detecting phenological transition dates (phenometrics).

Tags: earth-science-biospheric-indicators-climate-indicators-phenological-changes-plant-phenological, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-plant-phenology
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
PhenoCam Dataset v3.0: Digital Camera Imagery from the PhenoCam Network, 2000-2023

This dataset provides a time series of visible-wavelength digital camera imagery collected through the PhenoCam Network at each of 738 sites across diverse ecosystems of the world (mostly North America) from 2000-2023. Vegetation types such as deciduous broadleaf forests, grasslands, evergreen needleleaf forests, and agriculture are the best-represented. The raw imagery was used to derive information on phenology, including time series of vegetation color, canopy greenness, and phenology transition dates for the PhenoCam Dataset v3.0. The images are provided in JPEG format organized in compressed tar.gz archives by site and date. Site locations and basic metadata are included in a GeoJSON file.

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-plant-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-plant-phenology, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
PhenoCam Dataset v2.0: Vegetation Phenology from Digital Camera Imagery, 2000-2018

This data set provides a time series of vegetation phenological observations for 393 sites across diverse ecosystems of the world (mostly North America) from 2000-2018. The phenology data were derived from conventional visible-wavelength automated digital camera imagery collected through the PhenoCam Network at each site. From each acquired image, RGB (red, green, blue) color channel information was extracted and means and other statistics calculated for a region-of-interest (ROI) that delineates an area of specific vegetation type. From the high-frequency (typically, 30 minute) imagery collected over several years, time series characterizing vegetation color, including canopy greenness, plus greenness rising and greenness falling transition dates, were summarized over 1- and 3-day intervals.

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-plant-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-plant-phenology, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
PhenoCam Dataset v2.0: Digital Camera Imagery from the PhenoCam Network, 2000-2018

This dataset provides a time series of visible-wavelength digital camera imagery collected through the PhenoCam Network at each of 393 sites predominantly in North America from 2000-2018. The raw imagery was used to derive information on phenology, including time series of vegetation color, canopy greenness, and phenology transition dates for the PhenoCam Dataset v2.0.

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-plant-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-plant-phenology, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Permafrost Temperature Data from a Deep Borehole Array on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, 1973 - 2014, Version 1

These data consist of fully processed permafrost temperature data from borehole logs acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from the 24-element US Department of the Interior (DOI) Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) Deep Borehole Array in arctic Alaska beginning in 1973 and ending in 2014. The data represent the true temperatures in the wellbores and surrounding rocks at the time of the measurements.

Tags: earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-permafrost-permafrost, earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-permafrost-permafrost-temperature-permafrost-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NRT VIIRS/MODIS Dark Target Deep Blue Aerosol AOD with QA for Data Assimilation 24-Hour 1 Degree L3

The VIIRS/MODIS L3 product is designed to facilitate both evaluation and NRT applications for the NASA Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB) aerosol products for both the VIIRS and MODIS instruments. Consistent L3 aggregation is applied to each product after filtering using pre-defined QA thresholds. The product is generated in NRT, and provides a single combined product for VIIRS (NOAA-20 and SNPP) and MODIS (Aqua and Terra) for both the DT and DB NASA AOD retrievals. This AERDA_D3_VIIRS_MODIS_NRT product contains 24 hours of data (UTC 00:00 to 00:00 each day). It is produced once daily after all upstream data is available. The separate AERDA_L3_VIIRS_MODIS_NRT product (differentiated by "L3" as opposed to "D3") is divided into 3-hour data files (centered at UTC 00:00, 03:00, and so on each day), and each of the 3-hour files is updated in NRT as upstream L2 data becomes available.

Tags: earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-optical-depth-thickness, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-optical-depth-thickness
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Permafrost-related micrometeorology and soil temperatures, Qingzang Plateau, China, Version 1

These data sets include Surface Meteorological Data (D100, D105, Tanggula Pass, Wetland), Ground Temperature (D100, D105, Tanggula Pass, Wetland), Soil Moisture Data, Evaporation, and soil physical properties. These data sets include maximum, mean, minimum air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, global solar radiation, reflected solar radiation, atmospheric pressure, ground surface and soil temperature, soil moisture content, and soil physical properties. Numerous papers have been published by the investigators using these data sets; references are not available as of March 1998. These data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-surface-pressure, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds, earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-soil-temperature, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-structure
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Permafrost monitoring and prediction in Southern Carpathians, Romania, Version 1

This study monitored the summer temperatures (July and August) of the springs at the base of the rock glaciers' fronts and talus cones of Fagaras and Retezat Mountains. These water measurements have been made since 1986. BTS (bottom temperature of snow) measurements were made in the same areas during the second and third weeks of February since 1992. Data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.

Tags: earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-permafrost-permafrost, earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-rock-glaciers-rock-glaciers, earth-science-frozen-ground-land-surface-permafrost-permafrost, earth-science-frozen-ground-land-surface-rock-glaciers-rock-glaciers
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NOAA GHRSST Level 2P Indian Ocean Regional Skin Sea Surface Temperature v1.0 from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) on the Meteosat Second Generation-1 (MSG-1) satellite

The GHRSST L2P MSG01 SST v1.0 dataset is produced by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the Meteosat-8 (MSG1) satellite. It provides the full disk SEVIRI imagery covering the Indian Ocean region from its position at 45.5°E longitude. The L2P SST is produced at approximately 3 km resolution with a 15 minute duty cycle. The full data records stretch from Sept. 18, 2018 to June 1, 2022. After June 1, 2022, the Meteosat-9 (MSG2) took over as the prime geostationary satellite for the Indian Ocean region (MSG02-OSPO-L2P-v1.0). Be aware that the granules before Dec. 1, 2022 contain some uncorrected metadata errors. <br><br> The SST measurements from SEVIRI are key parameters in study of the weather, atmosphere, climate and ocean environments. Meteosat satellites have been providing crucial data for weather forecasting since 1977. <br><br> This L2P SST product which includes Single Sensor Error Statistics (i.e., uncertainty statistics) follows the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0 format guidelines. Please refer to the user guide for more information.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-sea-surface-temperature-sea-surface-skin-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NOAA GHRSST Level 2P Indian Ocean Regional Skin Sea Surface Temperature v1.0 from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) on the Meteosat Second Generation-2 (MSG-2) satellite

The GHRSST L2P MSG02 SST v1.0 dataset is produced by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the Meteosat-9 (MSG2) satellite. It provides the full disk SEVIRI imagery covering the Indian Ocean region from its position at 45.5°E longitude. The L2P SST is produced at approximately 3 km resolution with a 15 minute duty cycle. On June 1, 2022, the Meteosat-9 (MSG2) replaced the Meteosat-8 (MSG1) (MSG01-OSPO-L2P-v1.0) and produced the L2P SST data from June 11. 2022 to the present. This dataset will be updated every 15 minutes as a forward data stream with 3-24 hours nominal latency. Be aware that the granules before Dec. 1, 2022 contain some uncorrected metadata errors.<br><br> The SST measurements from SEVIRI are key parameters in study of the weather, atmosphere, climate and ocean environments. Meteosat satellites have been providing crucial data for weather forecasting since 1977. <br><br> This L2P SST product which includes Single Sensor Error Statistics (i.e., uncertainty statistics) follows the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0 format guidelines. Please refer to the user guide for more information.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-sea-surface-temperature-sea-surface-skin-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OCO-2 Level 2 spatially ordered geolocated retrievals screened using the A-band Preprocessor V11.2 (OCO2_L2_ABand) at GES DISC

Version 11.2 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11.2. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NSCAT High-Resolution MGDR, Sigma-0 and Ocean Wind Vectors (Dunbar)

The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) Level 2.5 high-resolution merged ocean wind vectors and sigma-0 in 25 km wind vector cell (WVC) swaths contain daily data from ascending and descending passes. Wind vectors are accurate to within 2 m/s (vector speed) and 20 degrees (vector direction). Wind vectors are not considered valid in rain contaminated regions; rain flags and precipitation information are not provided. Data is flagged where measurements are either missing or ambiguous. In the presence of land or sea ice winds values are set to 0, and sigma-0 values are preserved where measurements are available. This is the most up-to-date version, which designates the final phase of calibration, validation and science data processing, which was completed in November of 1998, on behalf of the JPL NSCAT Project; wind vectors are processed using the NSCAT-2 geophysical model function.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-winds-oceans-surface-winds-ocean-surface-wind-vectors, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-sigma-naught, earth-science-sea-ice-cryosphere-ice-extent
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Optical Thickness Data: Staff (FIFE)

Aerosol optical thickness in conjunction with an atmospheric model can provide estimates of atmospheric effects on transmitted and reflected solar radiation. These effects can then be used to correct aircraft and satellite radiometric data. In FIFE, three sunphotometers were used to track the sun through a range of airmasses during the period of February 6, 1987 through October 31, 1989. The Aerosol Optical Thickness from GSFC Data Set were analyzed using the Langley technique. Rayleigh optical depth was subtracted, and aerosol, ozone, and water vapor abundance's simultaneously measured. In retrieving ozone a Junge aerosol model was assumed, thus the natural log of aerosol optical depth was linear with wavelength (Bruegge et al. 1992). This approach allows measurement of aerosol, but is limited by the accuracy of the ozone data.

Tags: earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-optical-depth-thickness, earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-surface-pressure, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-optical-depth-thickness
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OPERA Land Surface Disturbance Alert from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 provisional product (Version 0)

The OPERA_L3_DIST-ALERT-HLS Version 0 data product was decommissioned on April 25, 2025. Users are encouraged to use the [OPERA_L3_DIST-ALERT-HLS V1](https://doi.org/10.5067/SNWG/OPERA_L3_DIST-ALERT-HLS_V1.001) data product which was released on March 14, 2024, and has achieved stage 1 validation. The Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) Land Surface Disturbance Alert from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) provisional data product Version 0 maps vegetation disturbance alerts from data collected by Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2A, Sentinel-2B, and Sentinel-2C Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI). Vegetation disturbance alert is detected at 30 meter (m) spatial resolution when there is an indicated decrease in vegetation cover within an HLS pixel. The product also provides auxiliary generic disturbance information as determined from the variations of the reflectance through the HLS scenes to provide information about more general disturbance trends. HLS data represent the highest temporal frequency data available at medium spatial resolution. The combined observations will provide greater sensitivity to land changes, whether of large magnitude/short duration, or small magnitude/long duration. The OPERA_L3_DIST-ALERT-HLS (or DIST-ALERT) data product is provided in Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) format, and each layer is distributed as a separate file. There are 19 layers contained within in the DIST-ALERT product: vegetation disturbance status, current vegetation cover indicator, current vegetation anomaly value, historical vegetation cover indicator, max vegetation anomaly value, vegetation disturbance confidence layer, date of initial vegetation disturbance, number of detected vegetation loss anomalies, and vegetation disturbance duration. See the Product Specification for a more detailed description of the individual layers provided in the DIST-ALERT product. Known Issues * Additional usage constraints are provided under Section 5 of the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).

Tags: earth-science-environmental-impacts-human-dimensions-mechanical-disturbance, earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface, earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-disturbance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OPERA Surface Displacement from Sentinel-1 validated product (Version 1)

The Level-3 OPERA Sentinel-1 Surface Displacement (DISP) product is generated through interferometric time-series analysis of Level-2 Coregistered Sentinel-1 Single Look Complex (CSLC) datasets. Using a hybrid Persistent Scatterer (PS) and Distributed Scatterer (DS) approach, this product quantifies Earth's surface displacement in the radar line-of-sight. The DISP products enable the detection of anthropogenic and natural surface changes, including subsidence, tectonic deformation, and landslides. The OPERA DISP suite comprises complementary datasets derived from Sentinel-1 and NISAR inputs, designated as DISP-S1 and DISP-NI, respectively. Each product, created per acquisition, adheres to a consistent structure, HDF5 file format, file-naming convention, and a 30 m spatial posting. This collection specifically includes DISP-S1 products, derived from Sentinel-1 data. DISP-S1 products provide spatial coverage across North America, encompassing the United States, U.S. territories within 200 km of the U.S. border, Canada, and mainland countries from the southern U.S. border to Panama. These products are generated from Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide (IW) swath mode acquisitions starting in mid-2016. The OPERA DISP-S1 product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2016-2025).

Tags: earth-science-geomorphic-landforms-processes-land-surface, earth-science-geomorphic-landforms-processes-solid-earth, earth-science-tectonics-solid-earth
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Optical Water quality measurements made in the Florida Panhandle estuaries

Measurements made in the Florida Panhandle estuaries in partnership with USF and FWC-FWRI.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans, earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans, earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Optical Sediment Trap Calibration on the New England coast

Measurements from the Opt_Sed_Trap_Cal (Optical Sediment Trap Calibration) project off the New England coast.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans, earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans, earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OPERA Land Surface Disturbance Alert from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 product (Version 1)

The Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis ([OPERA](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/go/opera)) Land Surface Disturbance Alert from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) product Version 1 maps vegetation disturbance alerts that are derived from data collected by Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2A, Sentinel-2B, and Sentinel-2C Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI). A vegetation disturbance alert is detected at 30 meter (m) spatial resolution when there is an indicated decrease in vegetation cover within an HLS pixel. The Level-3 data product also provides additional information about more general disturbance trends and auxiliary generic disturbance information as determined from the variations of the reflectance through the HLS scenes. [HLS](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/product_search/?collections=HLS&status=Operational&view=list) data represent the highest temporal frequency data available at medium spatial resolution. The combined observations will provide greater sensitivity to land changes, whether of large magnitude/short duration or small magnitude/long duration. The OPERA_L3_DIST-ALERT-HLS (or DIST-ALERT) data product is provided in Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) format, and each layer is distributed as a separate file. There are 19 layers contained within the DIST-ALERT product. The layers for both vegetation and generic disturbance include disturbance status, loss or anomaly, maximum loss anomaly, disturbance confidence layer, date of disturbance, count of observations with loss anomalies, days of ongoing anomalies, and day of last disturbance detection. Additional layers are vegetation cover percent, historical percent vegetation cover, and data mask. See the Product Specification Document (PSD) for a more detailed description of the individual layers provided in the DIST-ALERT product. The OPERA_L3_DIST-ALERT-HLS product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2020-2025). Known Issues * Additional usage constraints are provided under Section 5 of the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).

Tags: earth-science-environmental-impacts-human-dimensions-mechanical-disturbance, earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface, earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-disturbance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration