AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Markers for early detection of cancer: Statistical guidelines for nested case-control studies

Background
          Recently many long-term prospective studies have involved serial collection and storage of blood or tissue specimens. This has spurred nested case-control studies that involve testing some specimens for various markers that might predict cancer. Until now there has been little guidance in statistical design and analysis of these studies.
        
        
          Methods
          To develop statistical guidelines, we considered the purpose, the types of biases, and the opportunities for extracting additional information.
        
        
          Results
          The following guidelines:
          (1) For the clearest interpretation, statistics should be based on false and true positive rates – not odds ratios or relative risks
          (2) To avoid overdiagnosis bias, cases should be diagnosed as a result of symptoms rather than on screening.
          (3) To minimize selection bias, the spectrum of control conditions should be the same in study and target screening populations.
          (4) To extract additional information, criteria for a positive test should be based on combinations of individual markers and changes in marker levels over time.
          (5) To avoid overfitting, the criteria for a positive marker combination developed in a training sample should be evaluated in a random test sample from the same study and, if possible, a validation sample from another study.
          (6) To identify biomarkers with true and false positive rates similar to mammography, the training, test, and validation samples should each include at least 110 randomly selected subjects without cancer and 70 subjects with cancer.
        
        
          Conclusion
          These guidelines ensure good practice in the design and analysis of nested case-control studies of early detection biomarkers.

Tags: biomarker-research, cancer-early-detection, nested-case-control, nih, statistical-guidelines
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Accuracy of responses from postal surveys about continuing medical education and information behavior: experiences from a survey among German diabetologists

Background
          Postal surveys are a popular instrument for studies about continuing medical education habits. But little is known about the accuracy of responses in such surveys. The objective of this study was to quantify the magnitude of inaccurate responses in a postal survey among physicians.
        
        
          Methods
          A sub-analysis of a questionnaire about continuing medical education habits and information management was performed. The five variables used for the quantitative analysis are based on a question about the knowledge of a fictitious technical term and on inconsistencies in contingency tables of answers to logically connected questions.
        
        
          Results
          Response rate was 52%. Non-response bias is possible but seems not very likely since an association between demographic variables and inconsistent responses could not be found. About 10% of responses were inaccurate according to the definition.
        
        
          Conclusion
          It was shown that a sub-analysis of a questionnaire makes a quantification of inaccurate responses in postal surveys possible. This sub-analysis revealed that a notable portion of responses in a postal survey about continuing medical education habits and information management was inaccurate.

Tags: diabetes-education, information-behavior, nih, physician-survey, response-accuracy
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2020 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table For Indiana

This is the 2020 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Indiana. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-program, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa, substance-abuse
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Miami - Fort Lauderdale Div: Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits, 2008-2011 - All Alcohol

Excel file with estimates, rates, relative standard errors, trends and confidence intervals, covering 2008-2011 for emergency department visits involving alcohol in the Fort Lauderdale division of the Miami metropolitan area.  For adults aged 21 and older, the alcohol was found in combination with other drugs. For patients under the age of 21, the visit may involve alcohol alone or in combination with other drugs.File includes data for over 500 drugs, including illicit drugs, prescription and over-the-counter medications, dietary supplements, inhalants and alcohol.  Includes total visits, gender, age group, race/ethnicity, outcome of visit, drug combinations, number of drugs involved in visit, drug frequency, and drugs confirmed by toxicology.Additional detail is provided for illicit drugs, psychotherapeutic drugs, central nervous system (CNS) drugs, respiratory drugs and cardiovascular drugs.

Tags: alcohol-related-ed-visits, drug-overdose, emergency-department-data, miami-fort-lauderdale, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Data quality assurance and quality control measures in large multicenter stroke trials: the African-American Antiplatelet Stroke Prevention Study experience

Data quality assurance and quality control are critical to the effective conduct of a clinical trial. In the present commentary, we discuss our experience in a large, multicenter stroke trial. In addition to standard data quality control techniques, we have developed novel methods to enhance the entire process. Central to our methods is the use of clinical monitors who are trained in the techniques of data monitoring.

Tags: african-americans, clinical-trial-data, nih, quality-assurance, stroke-prevention
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525122: Hexanoic acid, 3-chloropropyl ester

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 3-chloropropyl hexanoate. Molecular Formula: C9H17ClO2. Molecular Weight: 192.68. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Clinical trials in developing countries: Discussions at the '9th International Symposium on Long Term Clinical Trials', London, UK, 19-20 June 2000

This symposium provided a useful forum for the discussion of issues relating to the design and conduct of clinical trials. There is a need for greater awareness of the complexity of modern day trials, in which a host of statistical, logistical, regulatory and ethical issues are involved. Issues discussed ranged from the effect of sample size on the outcome, and subgroup analysis, to defining and maintaining discrete endpoints. Some useful debate centred on the use of meta-analysis and the current limitations of combining information from different data sets. This brought up the subjects of trial registries and raw data repositories for all clinical trials. Progress and relevance of the Cochrane collaboration were reviewed. The economics of clinical trials was another important topic. Regulatory issues such as the role of data and safety monitoring boards (DSMB) and the guidelines in place for effective data monitoring and progress analysis were discussed. Representatives of government organisations and industry gave both European and American perspectives. This report however focuses specifically on the section devoted to the subject of clinical trials in developing countries.

Tags: clinical-trials, data-monitoring, developing-countries, nih, research-ethics
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Table 4. Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2013 and 2014 NSDUHs

Table 4. Perceptions of Great Risk from Smoking Marijuana Once a Month, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2013 and 2014 NSDUHs

Tags: adolescent-health, marijuana-risk-perception, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use-perception
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Behavioral Health Barometer: West Virginia, 2015

This is a behavioral health report for the state of West Virginia. The report utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), and the Uniform Reporting System. The topics addressed in the report include youth substance use, youth mental health and treatment, mental health and treatment, substance use and substance use treatment.

Tags: behavioral-health, mental-health, samhsa, substance-use, west-virginia
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Protein encapsulation in liposomes: efficiency depends on interactions between protein and phospholipid bilayer.

Background
          We investigated the encapsulation mechanism of enzymes into liposomes. The existing protocols to achieve high encapsulation efficiencies are basically optimized for chemically stable molecules. Enzymes, however, are fragile and encapsulation requires in addition the preservation of their functionality. Using acetylcholinesterase as a model, we found that most protocols lead to a rapid denaturation of the enzyme with loss in the functionality and therefore inappropriate for such an application. The most appropriate method is based on lipid film hydration but had a very low efficiency.
        
        
          Results
          To improve it and to propose a standard procedure for enzyme encapsulation, we separate each step and we studied the effect of each parameter on encapsulation: lipid and buffer composition and effect of the different physical treatment as freeze-thaw cycle or liposomes extrusion. We found that by increasing the lipid concentration, increasing the number of freeze-thaw cycles and enhancing the interactions of the enzyme with the liposome lipid surface more than 40% of the initial total activity can be encapsulated.
        
        
          Conclusion
          We propose here an optimized procedure to encapsulate fragile enzymes into liposomes. Optimal encapsulation is achieved by induction of a specific interaction between the enzyme and the lipid surface.

Tags: acetylcholinesterase, drug-delivery-systems, enzyme-delivery, liposome-encapsulation, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2013 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Puerto Rico

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Tables for Puerto Rico for 2013. The Uniform Reporting System (URS) is a state and national reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program.  State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: community-mental-health, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, puerto-rico, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Behavioral Health Barometer: Texas, 2015

This is a behavioral health report for the state of Texas. The report utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), and the Uniform Reporting System. The topics addressed in the report include youth substance use, youth mental health and treatment, mental health and treatment, substance use and substance use treatment.

Tags: mental-health-treatment, samhsa, substance-use-texas, texas-behavioral-health, youth-mental-health
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2013 NSDUH Incidence Tables (Standard Errors and P Values) - 4.1 to 4.16

These detailed tables present standard errors for totals and prevalence estimates of substance use initiation from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Substances examined include illicit drugs (e.g., marijuana, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens (including LSD, PCP, Ecstasy), inhalants, and the nonmedical use of prescription-type pain relievers (including OxyContin), tranquilizers, stimulants, sedatives, alcohol, and tobacco products (including cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and cigars). Standard errors are provided by age group and gender. Standard errors are provided for both 2013 and 2012.

Tags: drug-use, nsduh-incidence, samhsa, standard-errors, substance-use-initiation
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Identification of two

Background
          The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive and replicate in macrophages is crucial for the mycobacterium's ability to infect the host and cause tuberculosis. To identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes involved in survival in macrophages, a library of non-pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis bacteria, each carrying an individual integrated cosmid containing M. tuberculosis H37Rv genomic DNA, was passed through THP-1 human macrophages three times.
        
        
          Results
          Two of the clones recovered from this enrichment process, sur2 and sur3, exhibited significantly increased survival relative to wild-type bacteria. In coinfection experiments, the ratio of sur2 colonies to wild-type colonies was 1:1 at 0 hours but increased to 20:1 at 24 hours post phagocytosis. The ratio of sur3 colonies to wild-type colonies was 1:1 at 0 hours and 5:1 at 24 hours. The M. tuberculosis ORFs responsible for increased survival were shown to be Rv0365c for the sur2 clone and Rv2235 for the sur3 clone. These ORFs encode proteins with as-of-yet unknown functions.
        
        
          Conclusions
          We identified two M. tuberculosis ORFs which may be involved in the ability of tubercle bacilli to survive in macrophages.

Tags: gene-identification, macrophage-survival, mycobacterium-tuberculosis, nih, thp-1-cells
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The human olfactory receptor repertoire

Background
          The mammalian olfactory apparatus is able to recognize and distinguish thousands of structurally diverse volatile chemicals. This chemosensory function is mediated by a very large family of seven-transmembrane olfactory (odorant) receptors encoded by approximately 1,000 genes, the majority of which are believed to be pseudogenes in humans.
        
        
          Results
          The strategy of our sequence database mining for full-length, functional candidate odorant receptor genes was based on the high overall sequence similarity and presence of a number of conserved sequence motifs in all known mammalian odorant receptors as well as the absence of introns in their coding sequences. We report here the identification and physical cloning of 347 putative human full-length odorant receptor genes. Comparative sequence analysis of the predicted gene products allowed us to identify and define a number of consensus sequence motifs and structural features of this vast family of receptors. A new nomenclature for human odorant receptors based on their chromosomal localization and phylogenetic analysis is proposed. We believe that these sequences represent the essentially complete repertoire of functional human odorant receptors.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The identification and cloning of all functional human odorant receptor genes is an important initial step in understanding receptor-ligand specificity and combinatorial encoding of odorant stimuli in human olfaction.

Tags: chemosensory-function, nih, odorant-genes, olfaction, olfactory-receptors
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
5-Fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity mimicking myocardial infarction: a case report

Background
          Severe cardiotoxicity is a documented, but very unusual side-effect of intravenous 5-fluorouracil therapy. The mechanism producing cardiotoxicity is poorly understood.
        
        
          Case presentation
          A case of 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity, possibly due to coronary artery spasm, and mimicking acute anterolateral myocardial infarction is presented and discussed. Electrocardiographs highlighting the severity of the presentation are included in the report along with coronary angiograms demonstrating the absence of significant coronary atherosclerosis.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Severe 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity is rare, but can be severe and may mimic acute myocardial infarction, leading to diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Readministration of 5-fluorouracil is not advised following an episode of cardiotoxicity.

Tags: 5-fluorouracil, cardiotoxicity, coronary-spasm, myocardial-infarction, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Tribal Initiatives

P.L. 102-477 (referred to as “477”) is the Indian Employment, Training and Related Services Demonstration Act. 477 (as amended) allows federally recognized tribes and Alaska Native entities to integrate federal grant programs for employment, training, and related services they provide to their communities into a single program plan, budget, and reporting system to address tribal priorities.

Learn about 477

The Administration for Children and Families’ (ACF) developed a framework  (PDF)for addressing missing and murdered indigenous people (MMIP) to help communities address the consequences of this tragic problem.

Take a look at the Tribal Early Childhood Working Group Summary Report and Blueprint (PDF) for Action that charts out next steps to improve coordination and collaboration for programs serving Native American young children and their families.

Tribal Early Childhood Working Group
	(PDF)

Hunger does not discriminate, and in all regions served by ACF, Tribal communities experience high rates of food insecurity and a lack of access to inexpensive, healthy foods. Failure to secure an affordable and nutritious food source can have troubling consequences to the health, social, economic, and educational well-being of Native community members, children, and families.

Ending Hunger and Improving Physical Wellness in Native Communities

Metadata-only record linking to the original dataset. Open original dataset below.

Tags: grant, policy, reporting, scope, tribal
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2022 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table For Washington

This is the 2022 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Washington. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence-based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-data, evidence-based-practices, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Ligamentous rupture of the ACL associated with dislocated fracture of the proximal tibial physis in a 12-year-old boy

Background
          Dislocated fracture of the proximal physeal plate of the tibia with or without metaphyseal fragment is rare in children. This unusual fracture classically excludes rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament due to the ligament's stability. A combination of both injuries has not been previously published in the literature.
        
        
          Case presentation
          The authors report the case of a 12-year-old boy who presented with a dislocated fracture (Salter-Harris II) of the proximal tibia combined with ligamentous rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament after a sporting accident.

Tags: acl-rupture, nih, pediatric-orthopedics, salter-harris-ii, tibial-fracture
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Detroit: Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits, 2004-2011 - Accidental Ingestions

Excel file with estimates, rates, relative standard errors, trends and confidence intervals, covering 2004-2011 for emergency department visits involving accidental ingestions in the Detroit metropolitan area. This analytic category includes ED visits in which an individual accidentally or unknowingly used or was administered a prescription drug, over-the-counter medication, or dietary supplement. Drug-related accidental ingestion typically involves patients aged 5 and under.  This analytic category does not include drug misuse or abuse.File includes data for over 500 drugs, including illicit drugs, prescription and over-the-counter medications, dietary supplements, inhalants and alcohol.  Includes total visits, gender, age group, race/ethnicity, outcome of visit, drug combinations, number of drugs involved in visit, drug frequency, and drugs confirmed by toxicology.Additional detail is provided for illicit drugs, psychotherapeutic drugs, central nervous system (CNS) drugs, respiratory drugs and cardiovascular drugs.

Tags: accidental-drug-ingestion, drug-related-events, emergency-department-visits, pediatric-poisoning, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2021 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table For Ohio

This is the 2021 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Ohio. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence-based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant, mental-health-services, ohio, outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Comparison of various characteristics of women who do and do not attend for breast cancer screening

Background
          Information regarding the characteristics and health of women who do and do not attend for breast cancer screening is limited and representative data are difficult to obtain.
        
        
          Methods
          Information on age, deprivation and prescriptions for various medications was obtained for all women at two UK general practices who were invited to breast cancer screening through the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme. The characteristics of women who attended and did not attend screening were compared.
        
        
          Results
          Of the 1064 women invited to screening from the two practices, 882 (83%) attended screening. Screening attenders were of a similar age to non-attenders but came from significantly less deprived areas (30% of attenders versus 50% of non-attenders came from the most deprived areas, P < 0.0001) and were more likely to have a current prescription for hormone replacement therapy (32% versus 19%, P < 0.0001). No significant differences in recent prescriptions of medication for hypertension, heart disease, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, asthma, thyroid disease or depression/anxiety were observed between attenders and non-attenders.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Women who attend the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme come from less deprived areas and are more likely to have a current prescription for hormone replacement therapy than non-attenders, but do not differ in terms of age or recent prescriptions for various other medications.

Tags: breast-cancer-screening, hormone-replacement-therapy, mammography-attendance, nih, screening-disparities
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services