AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Identifying older diabetic patients at risk of poor glycemic control

Background
          Optimal glycemic control prevents the onset of diabetes complications. Identifying diabetic patients at risk of poor glycemic control could help promoting dedicated interventions. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of poor short-term and long-term glycemic control in older diabetic in-patients.
        
        
          Methods
          A total of 1354 older diabetic in-patients consecutively enrolled in a multicenter study formed the training population (retrospective arm); 264 patients consecutively admitted to a ward of general medicine formed the testing population (prospective arm). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured on admission and one year after the discharge in the testing population. Independent correlates of a discharge glycemia ≥ 140 mg/dl in the training population were assessed by logistic regression analysis and a clinical prediction rule was developed. The ability of the prediction rule and that of admission HbA1c to predict discharge glycemia ≥ 140 mg/dl and HbA1c > 7% one year after discharge was assessed in the testing population.
        
        
          Results
          Selected admission variables (diastolic arterial pressure < 80 mmHg, glycemia = 143–218 mg/dl, glycemia > 218 mg/dl, history of insulinic or combined hypoglycemic therapy, Charlson's index > 2) were combined to obtain a score predicting a discharge fasting glycemia ≥ 140 mg/dl in the training population. A modified score was obtained by adding 1 if admission HbA1c exceeded 7.8%. The modified score was the best predictor of both discharge glycemia ≥ 140 mg/dl (sensitivity = 79%, specificity = 63%) and 1 year HbA1c > 7% (sensitivity = 72%, specificity = 71%) in the testing population.
        
        
          Conclusion
          A simple clinical prediction rule might help identify older diabetic in-patients at risk of both short and long term poor glycemic control.

Tags: diabetes-mellitus, glycemic-control, hba1c-levels, nih, older-adults
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525577: N,N-Dimethyl-N'-(3-methylphenyl)-benzamidine

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: N,N-dimethyl-N'-(3-methylphenyl)benzenecarboximidamide. Molecular Formula: C16H18N2. Molecular Weight: 238.33. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Cloning and characterization of the rat homologues of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis protein 1, 2, and 3 genes.

Background
          Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins are key intrinsic regulators of apoptosis induced by a variety of triggers. We isolated the rat Inhibitor of Apoptosis genes 1, 2 and 3 and characterized their tissue distribution and expression.
        
        
          Results
          Rat iap-1 encodes a protein of 67.1 kDa with 73 % and 89.2 % homology to human and mouse iap-1 respectively. Rat iap-2 encodes a protein of 66.7 kDa with 81.6 % and 89.3 % homology to human and mouse iap-2 respectively. Rat iap-3 encodes a protein of 56.1 kDa with 89.5 % and 93.1 % homology to human and mouse iap-3 respectively. We have generated rabbit polyclonal antibodies against all three rat IAP genes. Northern and Western blot analysis detected rat IAP transcripts and proteins in majority of the tissues examined. In addition, a shorter, alternatively spliced transcript corresponding to iap-2 was found in testes.
        
        
          Conclusions
          We have identified three rat homologues of the IAP genes. The elevated expression of rat iap-1 and iap2 in testes suggests that these two genes play an important antiapoptotic role in spermatogenesis.

Tags: apoptosis-regulation, gene-expression, iap-proteins, nih, rat-model
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Achieving Permanency for the Well-being of Children and Youth

This Information Memorandum (IM) provides information on best practices, resources, and recommendations for achieving permanency for children and youth in a way that prioritizes the child’s or youth’s well-being.

Metadata-only record linking to the original dataset. Open original dataset below.

Tags: being, guidance, permanency, policy, well
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525607: N,N-Dimethyl-N'-(4-nitrophenyl)-p-chlorobenzamidine

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 4-chloro-N,N-dimethyl-N'-(4-nitrophenyl)benzenecarboximidamide. Molecular Formula: C15H14ClN3O2. Molecular Weight: 303.74. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The role of collagenase in emphysema

The extracellular matrix is essential for the integrity of the lung and when disrupted can lead to the architectural changes seen in emphysema. The etiology of emphysema is believed to be due to an imbalance in the proteases and antiproteases within the lung. Studies have focused on elastolytic enzymes as the primary agents in disease pathogenesis, however, recent data suggest that collagenases may also be involved in the destruction of lung tissue in emphysema. It is hoped that this expanded understanding of the pathophysiology of emphysema will lead to improved therapy in the treatment of the disease.

Tags: collagenase-activity, emphysema-pathogenesis, lung-tissue-destruction, nih, protease-imbalance
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Clinical and immunohistochemical study of eight cases with thymic carcinoma

Background
          Thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm with extremely poor prognosis. To evaluate the biological characteristics of thymic carcinoma, we reviewed 8 patients.
        
        
          Methods
          There were 2 men and 6 women: ages ranged from 19 to 67 years old (mean 54.8 years). None of these patients had concomitant myasthenia gravis and pure red cell aplasia. No patient had stage I disease, 1 stage II, 5 stage III, and 2 stage IV. The pathologic subtypes of thymic carcinoma included 5 squamous cell carcinomas, 1 adenosquamous cell carcinomas, 1 clear cell carcinoma, and 1 small cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical study was performed using antibodies against p53, bcl-2, Ki-67, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), nm23-H1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and factor VIII.
        
        
          Results
          Curative resection could be done in 4 patients (50%). Our data indicates a trend toward an association between complete resection and patient survival. Expression of p53, bcl-2, CEA, EMA, nm23-H1, VEGF and FGF-2 was detected in 5/8, 3/8, 4/8, 5/8, 6/8, 5/8 and 3/8, respectively. Mean Ki-67 labeling index and microvessel density was 7.01 and 34.36 (per 200× field), respectively. When compared with our previous studies, immunohistochemical staining of these proteins in thymomas, the expression rates of these proteins in thymic carcinomas were higher than those in thymomas.
        
        
          Conclusions
          In this small series, it is suggested that a complete resection suggests a favorable result. Immunohistochemical results reveal that the expression of these proteins might indicate the aggressiveness of thymic carcinoma.

Tags: cancer-prognosis, immunohistochemistry, nih, thymic-carcinoma, tumor-markers
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Native interface of the SAM domain polymer of TEL

Background
          TEL is a transcriptional repressor containing a SAM domain that forms a helical polymer. In a number of hematologic malignancies, chromosomal translocations lead to aberrant fusions of TEL-SAM to a variety of other proteins, including many tyrosine kinases. TEL-SAM polymerization results in constitutive activation of the tyrosine kinase domains to which it becomes fused, leading to cell transformation. Thus, inhibitors of TEL-SAM self-association could abrogate transformation in these cells. In previous work, we determined the structure of a mutant TEL-SAM polymer bearing a Val to Glu substitution in center of the subunit interface. It remained unclear how much the mutation affected the architecture of the polymer, however.
        
        
          Results
          Here we determine the structure of the native polymer interface. To accomplish this goal, we introduced mutations that block polymer extension, producing a heterodimer with a wild-type interface. We find that the structure of the wild-type polymer interface is quite similar to the mutant structure determined previously. With the structure of the native interface, it is possible to evaluate the potential for developing therapeutic inhibitors of the interaction. We find that the interacting surfaces of the protein are relatively flat, containing no obvious pockets for the design of small molecule inhibitors.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Our results confirm the architecture of the TEL-SAM polymer proposed previously based on a mutant structure. The fact that the interface contains no obvious potential binding pockets suggests that it may be difficult to find small molecule inhibitors to treat malignancies in this way.

Tags: hematologic-malignancies, nih, protein-self-association, tel-sam-polymer, tyrosine-kinase-activation
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Table 20. Dependence or Abuse of Illicit Drugs or Alcohol in the Past Year, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2013 and 2014 NSDUHs

Table 20. Dependence or Abuse of Illicit Drugs or Alcohol in the Past Year, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2013 and 2014 NSDUHs

Tags: alcohol-abuse, drug-dependence, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use-disorder
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The new anti-actin agent dihydrohalichondramide reveals fenestrae-forming centers in hepatic endothelial cells

Background
          Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) react to different anti-actin agents by increasing their number of fenestrae. A new structure related to fenestrae formation could be observed when LSECs were treated with misakinolide. In this study, we investigated the effects of two new actin-binding agents on fenestrae dynamics. High-resolution microscopy, including immunocytochemistry and a combination of fluorescence- and scanning electron microscopy was applied.
        
        
          Results
          Halichondramide and dihydrohalichondramide disrupt microfilaments within 10 minutes and double the number of fenestrae in 30 minutes. Dihydrohalichondramide induces fenestrae-forming centers, whereas halichondramide only revealed fenestrae-forming centers without attached rows of fenestrae with increasing diameter. Correlative microscopy showed the absence of actin filaments (F-actin) in sieve plates and fenestrae-forming centers. Comparable experiments on umbilical vein endothelial cells and bone marrow sinusoidal endothelial cells revealed cell contraction without the appearance of fenestrae or fenestrae-forming centers.
        
        
          Conclusion
          (I) A comparison of all anti-actin agents tested so far, revealed that the only activity that misakinolide and dihydrohalichondramide have in common is their barbed end capping activity; (II) this activity seems to slow down the process of fenestrae formation to such extent that it becomes possible to resolve fenestrae-forming centers; (III) fenestrae formation resulting from microfilament disruption is probably unique to LSECs.

Tags: actin-agents, fenestrae-formation, liver-endothelial-cells, microscopy, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Prescription Drug Use and Misuse in the United States: Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health

This report presents findings from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) on the use and misuse of prescription psychotherapeutic drugs (i.e., pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives) in the past year for the population aged 12 or older in the United States. The report presents additional findings that are relevant to the misuse of prescription drugs, such as motivations for misuse and where individuals obtained the last prescription drugs that they misused. The report also will discuss the redesign of the prescription drug questions for 2015, the new definition for misuse, and relevant terminology issues (e.g., \"misuse\" rather than \"nonmedical use\"). Estimates for selected outcomes are presented by age, gender, race, Hispanic origin, and county type.

Tags: nsduh-survey, prescription-drug-misuse, psychotherapeutic-drugs, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Massachusetts (MA)

This report presents Massachusetts\'s estimates for 25 measures of substance use and mental health based on the combined 2009 and 2010 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE). Resuts are provided for Massachusetts for five age groups: 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 or older, 18 or older and all persons 12 or older.

Tags: mental-health, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use, suicidal-ideation
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 528390: 2,4-Dichloro-6-hydroxybenzaldehyde

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Molecular Formula: C7H4Cl2O2. Molecular Weight: 191.01. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Editorial: The upper airway - the forgotten organ

The upper airway is an organ not often investigated. Relatively little is known about its complex functions, and misunderstandings abound. The paper by Thomachot et al in this issue provides an opportunity to ponder on this important organ. Although the main result seems to be negative, the study provides some interesting physiological information on the upper airway and how it works.

Tags: airway-physiology, nih, respiratory-system, upper-airway
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
4.21a Type of care offered in facilities with Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs), by facility operation and primary focus of facility: 2011. Number

This is a National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) data table showing the type of care offered in facilities with Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs), by facility operation and primary focus of facility in 2011. N-SSATS is designed to collect data on the location, characteristics, and use of alcohol and drug abuse treatment facilities and services throughout the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and other U.S. jurisdictions.

Tags: opioid-treatment, otp-facilities, samhsa, substance-abuse, treatment-services
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Empirical characterization of the expression ratio noise structure in high-density oligonucleotide arrays

Background
          High-density oligonucleotide arrays (HDONAs) are a powerful tool for assessing differential mRNA expression levels. To establish the statistical significance of an observed change in expression, one must take into account the noise introduced by the enzymatic and hybridization steps, called type I noise. We undertake an empirical characterization of the experimental repeatability of results by carrying out statistical analysis of a large number of duplicate HDONA experiments.
        
        
          Results
          We assign scoring functions for expression ratios and associated quality measures. Both the perfect-match (PM) probes and the differentials between PM and single-mismatch (MM) probes are considered as raw intensities. We then calculate the log-ratio of the noise structure using robust estimates of their intensity-dependent variance. The noise structure in the log-ratios follows a local log-normal distribution in both the PM and PM-MM cases. Significance relative to the type I noise can therefore be quantified reliably using the local standard deviation (SD). We discuss the intensity dependence of the SD and show that ratio scores greater than 1.25 are significant in the mid- to high-intensity range.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The noise inherent in HDONAs is characteristically dependent on intensity and can be well described in terms of local normalization of log-ratio distributions. Therefore, robust estimates of the local SD of these distributions provide a simple and powerful way to assess significance (relative to type I noise) in differential gene expression, and will be helpful in practice for improving the reliability of predictions from hybridization experiments.

Tags: gene-expression, microarray-analysis, mrna-expression, nih, oligonucleotide-arrays
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Effects of long-term moderate exercise and increase in number of daily steps on serum lipids in women: randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN21921919]

Background
          This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a 24-month period of moderate exercise on serum lipids in menopausal women.
        
        
          Methods
          The subjects (40–60 y) were randomly divided into an exercise group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 13). The women in the exercise group were asked to participate in a 90-minute physical education class once a week and to record their daily steps as measured by a pedometer for 24 months.
        
        
          Results
          Mean of daily steps was significantly higher in the exercise group from about 6,800 to over 8,500 steps (P < 0.01). In the control group, the number of daily steps ranged from 5,700 to 6,800 steps throughout the follow-up period. A significant interaction between the exercise group and the control group in the changes og total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and TC : HDLC ratio could be observed (P < 0.05). By multiple regression analysis, the number of daily steps was related to HDLC and TC : HDLC levels after 24 months, and the changes in TC and HDLC concentrations.
        
        
          Conclusions
          These results suggest that daily exercise as well as increasing the number of daily steps can improve the profile of serum lipids.

Tags: cholesterol-levels, exercise-intervention, menopausal-women, nih, serum-lipids
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Phylogenetic analysis of methanogens from the bovine rumen

Background
          Interest in methanogens from ruminants has resulted from the role of methane in global warming and from the fact that cattle typically lose 6 % of ingested energy as methane. Several species of methanogens have been isolated from ruminants. However they are difficult to culture, few have been consistently found in high numbers, and it is likely that major species of rumen methanogens are yet to be identified.
        
        
          Results
          Total DNA from clarified bovine rumen fluid was amplified using primers specific for Archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences (rDNA). Phylogenetic analysis of 41 rDNA sequences identified three clusters of methanogens. The largest cluster contained two distinct subclusters with rDNA sequences similar to Methanobrevibacter ruminantium 16S rDNA. A second cluster contained sequences related to 16S rDNA from Methanosphaera stadtmanae, an organism not previously described in the rumen. The third cluster contained rDNA sequences that may form a novel group of rumen methanogens.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The current set of 16S rRNA hybridization probes targeting methanogenic Archaea does not cover the phylogenetic diversity present in the rumen and possibly other gastro-intestinal tract environments. New probes and quantitative PCR assays are needed to determine the distribution of the newly identified methanogen clusters in rumen microbial communities.

Tags: 16s-rrna, bovine-rumen, methane-production, methanogens, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2016 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Palau

This is the 2016 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Palau. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: community-mental-health, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, palau, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Patients affected with Fabry disease have an increased incidence of progressive hearing loss and sudden deafness: an investigation of twenty-two hemizygous male patients

Background
          Fabry disease (FD, OMIM 301500) is an X-linked inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism due to the deficient activity of alpha-galactosidase A, a lysosomal enzyme. While the progressive systemic deposition of uncleaved glycosphingolipids throughout the body is known to have protean clinical manifestations, few data are available regarding the cochlear involvement.
        
        
          Methods
          We non-invasively investigated cochlear functions in 22 consecutive hemizygous males (age 19–64 years, mean 39) affected with classic FD. Conventional audiometry, tympanometry, ABR audiometry, otoacoustic emissions were performed in all patients, together with medical history record and physical examination as part of an exhaustive baseline evaluation prior to enzyme replacement therapy.
        
        
          Results
          A total of 12 patients (54.5%) with classic FD were found to have abnormal audition. Five patients had progressive hearing loss and seven patients (32%) experienced sudden deafness. In addition, a hearing loss on high-tone frequencies was found in 7 out of the 10 remaining patients without clinical impairment, despite their young age at time of examination. The incidence of hearing loss appeared significantly increased in FD patients with kidney failure (P < 0.01) or cerebrovascular lesions (P < 0.01), whereas there was no correlation with left ventricular hypertrophy. In addition, tinnitus aurium was also found in six patients (27%).
        
        
          Conclusion
          This is the first evidence of a high incidence of both progressive hearing loss and sudden deafness in a cohort of male patients affected with classic Fabry disease. The exact pathophysiologic mechanism(s) of the cochlear involvement deserves further studies.

Tags: audiometry, cochlear-function, fabry-disease, hearing-loss, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services