AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Rock glaciers from Norway and Svalbard, Version 1

A complete inventory of rock glaciers on mainland Norway and Svalbard has only been carried out in connection with coarse geomorphological mapping. The data presented here are therefore averaged on a regional scale. Some detailed geomorpholgical maps exist, however, where more detailed information can be extracted. The data listed are therefore not a complete database of Norwegian rock glaciers. Recently detailed studies have been carried out on rockglaciers in the Ny Alesund and the Longyearbyen areas on Svalbard. From these studies, detailed data are available. On mainland Norway, there are at least 150 rock glaciers (Sollid and Sorbel 1992) . These may be grouped as follows: 1. Probably active rock glaciers in high mountain areas in southern and northern Norway. Most of these are situated in the Rondane mountain area of southern Norway. 2. Relict rock glaciers in low-lying areas near the coast of northern Norway. These rock glaciers have a position marginal to the Weichselian ice sheet and were formed during permafrost conditions before or during deglaciation. 3. Relict rock glaciers in higher inland areas of northern Norway. These rock glaciers are believed to have formed under permafrost conditions during deglaciation possibly because of rock falls caused by tectonic activity during isostatic uplift. On Svalbard, there are at least 500 rock glaciers (Kristiansen and Sollid 1986). Most of these are situated on the central and western part of Spitsbergen. They are most common in coastal areas, often below the steep escarpment which delimits the inner part of the strandflat. As Svalbard has continuous permafrost, most of these are probably active. Some may however be inactive, as for instance the rock glaciers at Stuphallet near Ny Alesund (Sollid and Sorbel 1992). In those cases, the rock glaciers have moved out of its source area and onto the strandflat. Partly in cooperation with ETH-Zurich, detailed investigations have been started in the Ny Alesund area, Western Spitsbergen. These investigations have been enlarged also to the Longyearbyen area, central Spitsbergen. Principal methods have been velocity measurements, using theodolite/EDM, GPS and photogrammetry; geophysical methods (DC resistivity soundings, seismic refraction soundings, gravimetry and georadar); and morphometrical analysis using a Digital Elevation Model and a grid-based GIS. Typical velocities are between 5 and 10 cm/year, both for lobate and tongue-shaped rock glaciers. These data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.

Tags: earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-permafrost, earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-rock-glaciers
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sounder SIPS: Suomi-NPP ATMS Level 1 Daily Polygon Granule Map at GES DISC

The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) Level 1B data files contain brightness temperature measurements along with ancillary spacecraft, instrument, and geolocation data of the ATMS instrument on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Project (S-NPP). The ATMS instrument is a cross-track scanner with 22 microwave channels in the range 23.8-183.31 Gigahertz (GHz). The beam width is 1.1 degrees for the channels in the 160-183 GHz range, 2.2 degrees for the 80 GHz and 50-60 GHz channels, and 5.2 degrees for the 23.8 and 31.4 GHz channels. Since the SNPP satellite is orbiting at an altitude of about 830 km, the instantaneous spatial resolution on the ground at nadir is about 16 km, 32 km, or 75 km depending upon the channel. The brightness temperature data are contained in an array with 135 rows in the along-track direction, 96 columns in the cross-track direction, and a 3rd dimension for each of the 22 channels. The ATMS cross-track scan interval is 0.018 seconds and the along-track scan period is 8.3 seconds. Data products are constructed on six minute boundaries. The Granule Map Product consists of daily images of granule coverage in PDF format.

Tags: earth-science-microwave-spectral-engineering-microwave-radiance-granule-coverage
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Rock glaciers in the Pyrenees, Spain and France, Version 1

This study and inventory of active rock glaciers was carried out by means of the usual techniques used in the study of alpine permafrost. First, the rock glaciers were located by means of aerial photography and field work. Second, a detailed geomorphological map was prepared, to detect the active processes in each rock glacier. This includes geotransect and surface analysis (clast roundness, clast forms, particle orientation and lichenometric measurements). Third, complementary measurements (water temperature and BTS [bottom temperature of snow] measurements) were carried out. These three studies allowed us to determine the activity or inactivity of previously detailed landforms, and to classify them as active, inactive, or relict rock glaciers. The external landforms, frontal slope, vertical organization, flow forms, absence of lichens and the descriptive parameters of rock glaciers allowed us to classify them as relict or active ones. On the Besiberri, Gemelos, and Argualas rock glaciers we have carried out photogrammetric studies, and on the Argualas rock glacier we carried out a topographic survey from 1991 and also geoelectric soundings (San Jose et al. 1992; Serrano et al. 1995; Fabre et al. 1995). These data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.

Tags: earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-periglacial-processes-periglacial-processes, earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-rock-glaciers-rock-glaciers, earth-science-frozen-ground-land-surface-periglacial-processes-periglacial-processes, earth-science-frozen-ground-land-surface-rock-glaciers-rock-glaciers, earth-science-snow-ice-cryosphere-snow-ice-temperature-snow-ice-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Rock glacier Macun 1, Lower Engadin, Switzerland, Version 1

The rock glacier 'Macun 1' is located in the Lower Engadine, Grisons, Swiss Alps and reaches from about 2720 m asl down to 2610 m asl. It has been surveyed by Dietrich Barsch and his co-operators from 1965 until 1997. The results of these measurements are displayed in tables within publications. The investigators intend to continue the survey in intervals of at least every three years. The horizontal displacement, which was rather constant between 1967 and 1988, has increased remarkably in the last years (Zick 1996). These data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.

Tags: earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-rock-glaciers
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
RM-OBS/PU Potential Evapotranspiration and Supporting Forcing L4 3-hourly 0.25x0.25 degree V002 (PET_PU_3H025) at GES DISC

This is version 2 of Princeton University MEaSUREs Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) dataset, which provides a set of estimates of PET based on near surface meteorology and surface radiation data derived from a combination of reanalysis, satellite and gridded gauge data. The rationale of the project is to reduce the error from the input meteorological forcing and provide a variety of widely-used PET methods for different research and application purposes. PET is estimated using three methods: Penman open-water method (Penman), Priestley-Taylor method (PT), Reference crop evapotranspiration using the UN Food and Agricultural Organization approach (FAO). The Penman equation assumes PET occurs from an open water surface and calculates PET based on observations of surface net radiation, near-surface air temperature, wind speed, and specific humidity (Shuttleworth, 1993). The PT equation calculates PET based on surface net radiation and near-surface air temperature and does not account for the aerodynamic component (Priestley and Taylor, 1972). The FAO equation is a specific application of the Penman-Monteith equation for crop and short-grass reference surfaces and is based on surface net radiation, near-surface air temperature, wind speed, and specific humidity (Allen, 1998). As a follow-on to PET_PU_3H025 Version 1, PET_PU_3H025 Version 2 seeks to continue to reduce the error from the input meteorological forcing and provide a variety of widely-used PET methods for different research and application purposes. The modifications include the addition of the FAO tall reference crop equation, an extension of the radiation data and temporal coverage, the usage of the GLASS satellite albedo to estimate upward short-wave radiation and the estimation of ground heat flux based on diurnal phase shift of net radiation. This second version of the dataset is estimated at a 3 hourly temporal resolution and 0.25x0.25 degrees spatial resolution globally, spanning the 33-year period 1984-2016. Datasets are stored as a 3-dimensional array with dimension 720 x 1440 x 8 for each day, in NetCDF-4 format. The DOI for version 1 of the data is: 10.5067/GPZDZYELYG1A.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-surface-pressure, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-net-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity-specific-humid, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-processes-evapotranspiration-poten, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds-wind-speed
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Rongowai-CYGNSS Airborne Level 1 Science Data Record Version 1.0

The Rongowai Level 1 Science Data Record Version 1.0 dataset is generated by the University of Auckland (UoA) Rongowai Science Payloads Operations Centre in New Zealand. This initiative is supported by NASA and the New Zealand Space Agency. The data collection process is conducted using the Next-generation receiver (NgRx) mounted on the Air New Zealand domestic aircraft Q300.<br><br> This Level 1 (L1) dataset contains the Version 1.0 geo-located Delay Doppler Maps (DDMs) calibrated into Power Received (Watts) and Bistatic Radar Cross Section (BRCS) expressed in units of meters squared from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument onboard an Air New Zealand domestic Q300 (tail number ZK-NFA). 20 DDMs are contained within a typical L1 netcdf corresponding to 10 Left-Hand-Circularly Polarized (LHCP) and 10 Right-Hand-Circularly Polarized (RHCP) channels. Other useful scientific and engineering measurement parameters include the co- and cross-polarized Normalized Bistatic Radar Cross Section (NBRCS) of the specular point, the Leading Edge Slope (LES) of the integrated delay waveform and the normalized waveforms. The L1 dataset contains a number of other engineering and science measurement parameters, including coherence detection and a coherence state metric, sets of quality flags/indicators, error estimates, Fresnel-zone geometry estimates (and thereby the estimated per-sample spatial resolution) as well as a variety of timekeeping, and geolocation parameters. Each netCDF data files corresponds to a single flight between airports within New Zealand (flight durations typically range between 45 min and 1hr 30min with a median of 7 flights/day) and measurements are reported at 1 second increments. Latency is approximately 1 days (or better) from the last recorded measurement time.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-winds-oceans-wind-velocity-speed
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
RM-OBS/PU Potential Evapotranspiration and Supporting Forcing L4 3-hourly 0.25x0.25 degree V001 (PET_PU_3H025) at GES DISC

The Princeton University MEaSUREs Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) dataset provides a set of estimates of PET based on near surface meteorology and surface radiation data derived from a combination of reanalysis, satellite and gridded gauge data. The rationale of the project is to reduce the error from the input meteorological forcing and provide a variety of widely-used PET methods for different research and application purposes. PET is estimated using three methods: Penman open-water method (Penman), Priestley-Taylor method (PT), Reference crop evapotranspiration using the UN Food and Agricultural Organization approach (FAO). The Penman equation assumes PET occurs from an open water surface and calculates PET based on observations of surface net radiation, near-surface air temperature, wind speed, and specific humidity (Shuttleworth, 1993). The PT equation calculates PET based on surface net radiation and near-surface air temperature and does not account for the aerodynamic component (Priestley and Taylor, 1972). The FAO equation is a specific application of the Penman-Monteith equation for crop and short-grass reference surfaces and is based on surface net radiation, near-surface air temperature, wind speed, and specific humidity (Allen, 1998). This first version of dataset is estimated at a 3 hourly temporal resolution and 0.25x0.25 degrees spatial resolution globally, spanning the 23-year period 1984-2006. Datasets are stored as a 3-dimensional array with dimension 720 x 1440 x 8 for each day, in NetCDF-4 format.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-surface-pressure, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-net-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity-specific-humid, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-processes-evapotranspiration-poten, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds-wind-speed
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Pre-ABoVE: L1 S-0 Polarimetric Data from AirMOSS P-band SAR, Alaska, 2014-2015

This data set provides level 1 (L1) polarimetric radar backscattering coefficient (sigma-0), multi-look complex, polarimetrically calibrated, and georeferenced data products from the Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (AirMOSS) radar instrument collected over 10 study sites across Northern Alaska, USA. Flight campaigns took place in August 2014, October 2014, April 2015, August 2015, September 2015, and October 2015. The acquired L1 P-band radar backscatter data will be used to derive estimates of soil water content and permafrost state at the study sites.

Tags: earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-sigma-naught
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Rock glacier velocities, Selwyn Mountains, Yukon and NWT, Canada, Version 1

An average of 6 markers were surveyed on each of 15 rock glaciers, once each in 1983 and 1995 using a level (1983) and a theodolite (1995). Measurement error was on the order of 3 percent, however, the greatest variability in observed velocities is explained by the varying locations of the markers on the rock glaciers. Lichen ages were determined by Dyke (1990a), and rock glacier lengths were obtained from 1:50,000 surficial geology maps used to compile the maps in Dyke (1990c-f). Please see the data documentation for further information.

Tags: earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-periglacial-processes-periglacial-processes, earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-rock-glaciers-rock-glaciers, earth-science-frozen-ground-land-surface-periglacial-processes-periglacial-processes, earth-science-frozen-ground-land-surface-rock-glaciers-rock-glaciers
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
RLC Forest Stand Carbon Map of Russia

This dataset is a 1:15 million scale map of forest stand carbon for the land area of Russia (Stone et al., 2000). The objective was to create a first approximation of the forest stand carbon reserves of Russia. Data include continuous estimates of forest stand carbon in units of metric tons/ha of carbon (C) and categorized data depicting rages of forest stand carbon. The resulting maps show forest stand C by region in a spatially explicit form. It is the first map of its type for Russia of which we are aware. The mapped C represents 96% of the total of 26.1 Pg forest tree stand C described by Alexeyev and Birdsey (1994) and Alexeyev et al. (1995). Of the remaining 4%, nearly half was due to bushes, which were assumed not to be mapped in the 1973 forest cover map.The source data for the forest stand carbon map were acquired by map digitization from the Atlas of Forests for the Soviet Union (State Committee on Forests, 1973) and spatial application and arithmetic manipulation of carbon storage data from Alexeyev and Birdsey (1998).

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-carbon
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
RLC Selected Infrastructure Data for the Former Soviet Union, 1993

This data set consists of roads, drainage, railroads, utilities, and population center information in readily usable vector format for the land area of the Former Soviet Union. The purpose of this dataset was to create a completely intact vector layer which could be readily used to aid in mapping efforts for the area of the FSU. These five vector data layers were assembled from the Digital Chart of the World (DCW), 1993. Individual record attributes were stored for population centers only. Vector maps for the FSU are in ArcView shapefile format.

Tags: earth-science-infrastructure-human-dimensions-electricity, earth-science-infrastructure-human-dimensions-transportation, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements-draina
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
RLC AVHRR-Derived Land Cover, Former Soviet Union, Far East, 1-km, 1990

This data set is a 1-kilometer resolution land cover map for the land area of the Primor'ye and Southern Khabarovsk Regions, in the Russian Far East, based on 1990 NOAA AVHRR data. Labeling of land cover classes depended upon the Russian 1990 Forest Cover Map (Garsia, 1990), the analyst's experience with AVHRR data, and Russian data sources. There are eight classes distinguished in this dataset, of which 5 are forest cover classes.The objective of this work was to create a 1-km resolution land cover map of the region of the Far Eastern Siberia based on NOAA AVHRR data which might be used by World Wildlife Fund researchers to aid in the definition of remaining habitats and range for threatened animal species (Stone and Schlesinger, 1996).

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
RAMP AMM-1 SAR Image Mosaic of Antarctica, Version 2

The mosaic provides a detailed look at ice sheet morphology, rock outcrops, research infrastructure, the coastline, and other features of Antarctica, as well as representing calibrated radar backscatter data, which may provide insight into climate processes affecting the upper few meters of snow cover.

Tags: earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-cryosphere-glaciers, earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-cryosphere-ice-sheets, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-radar-backscatter, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-radar-imagery, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-radar-reflectivity, earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-sigma-naught
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
RLC Forest Cover of the Krasnoyarsk Region, Russia, 1973

This dataset is a 1:2 million scale forest cover map for the land area of the Krasnoyarsk Region, Russia. Thirty-two land cover classes are distinguished. These data were digitized from maps of the Atlas of Forests of the USSR (Anon. 1973). This map should not be strictly viewed as a map of actual forest cover, but rather as a map of dominant tree species. Very few tree species are defined, and generally, each polygon and color has only one tree species assigned to it.

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Riverine Carbon Contributions to Alaskan Arctic Coastal Margins

A three-year observational study into the influence of spring freshets entering Stefansson Sound (coastal Alaskan lagoon system) using a combination of autonomous and direct sampling approaches applying hydrographic, optical, acoustic, and biogeochemical measurements.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans, earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans, earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Rock glaciers, Austria, Version 1

The Austrian Alps are part of the Eastern Alps which consist of three main mountain ranges. The Northern Alps as well as the Southern Alps are predominantly built of limestone and have poor glaciation in spite of high amounts of precipitation (2000-3000 mm/a) due to the fact that they reach elevations of not more than 3000 m. In contrast the Central Alps consist of metamorphic rocks and receive less precipitation, but are glaciated on large areas (highest mountain of Austria: Groglockner, 3797 m). Recent permafrost and rock glaciers are best developed in the Central Alps, where discontinuous mountain permafrost occurs above a mean altitude of 2500 m. Rock glaciers were mapped from aerial photographs (different years, most of them 1980-1990) completely covering the area described above. The inventory comprises 1451 rock glaciers with data on their horizontal and vertical position, activity, and morphometric characteristics of each rock glacier. The distinction between active and inactive rock glaciers within the activity class 'intact' was not possible due to the quality of the photographs. Only 19 % of the rock glaciers were classified as intact, while 81 % are relict ones and in most cases of Late Glacial age (a great part of the investigated is situated below present day lower limit of permafrost). In detail the inventory contains information of the following parameters: 1: River basin 2: Number of rock glacier according to river basins 3: Topographic name out of the official map 1:50.000 4: Mountain group 5: Number of official map 1:50.000 6: Number of official aerial photograph map 7: Exposure (8 classes) 8: Lower limit of rock glacier (m above sea level) 9: Maximum length (m, in estimated flow direction) 10: Maximum width (m) 11: Activity (2 classes: intact, relict=fossil) 12: Highest point of the catchment area of the rock glacier (m above sea level) 13: Difference between 12 and 8 (m) Geographic coordinates of coverage as listed in the GGD inventory are approximate. These data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998. The inventory does not include measurements on dynamics of rock glacier permafrost.

Tags: earth-science-frozen-ground-cryosphere-rock-glaciers-rock-glaciers, earth-science-frozen-ground-land-surface-rock-glaciers-rock-glaciers
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration