AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
HIV infection and aging: enhanced Interferon- and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha production by the CD8

Background
          T cells from HIV+ and aged individuals show parallels in terms of suppressed proliferative activity and interleukin-2 (I1-2) production and an increased number of CD8+ CD28- T cells. In order to compare cytokine production from T cells from these two states, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from HIV+ aged, and normal young donors (controls) were monitored for cytokine production by flow cytometry, quantitative PCR and ELISA upon activation by PMA and anti-CD3. In addition, the CD8+ T cell subsets CD28+ and CD28- from the HIV+ and the aged groups were evaluated for cytokine production by flow cytometry, and compared with those from young controls.
        
        
          Results
          Flow cytometric analysis indicated that CD8+ T cells from both HIV+ and aged donors showed an increase of approximately 2–3 fold over controls in percentage of cells producing inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α. Similar analysis also revealed that the production of interleukins-4,6 and 10, production was very low (1–2% of cells) and unchanged in these cells. Quantitative PCR also showed a substantial increase (4–5 fold) in IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNA from HIV+ and aged CD8+ T cells, as did ELISA for secreted IFN-γ and TNF-α (2.3–4 fold). Flow cytometric analysis showed that the CD8+ CD28- T cell subset accounts for approximately 80–86% of the IFN-γ and TNF-α production from the CD8+ subset in the aged and HIV+ states. The CD4+ T cell, while not significantly changed in the HIV+ or aged states in terms of IFN-γ production, showed a small but significant increase in TNF-α production in both states.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Our data appear compatible with physiologic conditions existing in HIV+ and aged individuals, i.e. elevated serum levels and elevated CD8+ T cell production of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Thus, the capacity for increased production of cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α in the aged individual by the dominant CD8+ CD28- subset may have a profound influence on the clinical state by aggravating inflammatory pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis, and possibly Alzheimer's disease and Crohn's disease. In AIDS, these cytokines may contribute to wasting and cachexia. We theorize that the predominant phenotypic change to the cytotoxic CD8+ CD28- T cell subsets in both the HIV+ and the aged states may reflect a natural "endpoint" in CD8+ T cell differentiation induced after a lifetime of immune activity (toward viruses, etc) in the aged, and after a massive accelerated response to HIV in the HIV-positive individual.

Tags: cd8-t-cells, cytokine-production, hiv-infection, immunosenescence, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
National Estimates of Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits, 2004-2011 - All Visits

Excel file with national estimates, rates, relative standard errors, trends and confidence intervals for all drug-related emergency department (ED) visits, covering 2004-2011. File includes all drug-related ED visits that are reportable to DAWN without regard for the reason for the visit or the specific drugs involved. It includes visits involving all forms of drug misuse or abuse plus visits resulting from adverse reaction, accidental ingestion, suicide attempts, and visits where patients were seeking detoxification services. These estimates are useful for looking at overall levels of drug involvement in ED visits.File includes data for over 500 drugs, including illicit drugs, prescription and over-the-counter medications, dietary supplements, inhalants and alcohol.  Includes total visits, gender, age group, race/ethnicity, outcome of visit, drug combinations, number of drugs involved in visit, drug frequency, and drugs confirmed by toxicology.Additional detail is provided for illicit drugs, psychotherapeutic drugs, central nervous system (CNS) drugs, respiratory drugs and cardiovascular drugs.

Tags: dawn-data, drug-related-ed-visits, emergency-department-data, samhsa, substance-abuse-trends
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental Health Findings and Detailed Tables

This report and the detailed tables present results pertaining to mental health from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an annual survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States aged 12 years old or older. Both the report and detailed tables present national estimates of the prevalence of past year mental disorders and past year mental health service utilization for youths aged 12 to 17 and adults aged 18 or older. Among adults, estimates presented include rates and numbers of persons with any mental illness (AMI), serious mental illness (SMI), suicidal thoughts and behavior, major depressive episode (MDE), treatment for depression (among adults with MDE), and mental health service utilization. Estimates for youths include MDE, treatment for depression (among youths with MDE), and mental health service utilization. Measures related to the co-occurrence of mental disorders with substance use or with substance use disorders also are presented for both adults and youths. The report and detailed tables focus mainly on trends between 2011 and 2012 and differences across population subgroups in 2012.

Tags: major-depressive-episode, mental-health-survey, samhsa, serious-mental-illness, suicidal-ideation
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2023 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table For Puerto Rico

This is the 2023 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Puerto Rico. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence-based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: community-mental-health, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, puerto-rico, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Illicit Drug Use Tables (Prevalence Estimates) - 1.1 to 1.92

These detailed tables are population illicit drug use totals and prevalence estimates from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Illicit drugs include marijuana, cocaine, crack, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, and the nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics, including pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives. Results are provided for lifetime, past year, and past month use by age group, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, employment status, and geographic area. Comparisons are made between 2010 and 2009.

Tags: drug-prevalence, illicit-drug-use, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use-survey
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The critically ill patient after hepatobiliary surgery

Background:
          We analyzed the causes and results of utilization of critical care
services in the special care unit in patients after surgical procedures
performed by the hepatobiliary surgical service during a 23-month period.
        
        
          Results:
          Thirty-two of 537 patients (6.0%) required postoperative admission
to the special care unit. Twenty-one patients were admitted directly from
operating room or from recovery room because of inability to wean from
ventilator (n = 10), hypovolemic shock (n = 4), myocardial
ischemia or infarction (n = 2), sepsis (n = 2), upper
gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 2), and acute renal failure (n
=1). Eleven postoperative patients were admitted from floor care for
respiratory failure (n = 4), cardiac dysrhythmia or infarction
(n = 4), sepsis (n = 2), and upper gastrointestinal bleeding
(n = 1). Thirty-eight per cent of patients (n = 12) admitted to
the special care unit after surgery died. By multivariate analysis, total
postoperative stay in the special care unit that was greater than median total
duration of stay of 4.5 days was the only independent predictor of mortality
(P = 0.041).
        
        
          Conclusions:
          Respiratory failure was the predominant component of all
complications after hepatobiliary surgery. No clinically useful predictors of
eventual outcome could be identified.

Tags: critical-care-outcomes, hepatobiliary-surgery, icu-admission, nih, postoperative-complications
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Minimizing charges associated with the determination of brain death

Background:
          The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of altering the use of the protocol for brain death determination in traumatically injured patients, on time to brain death determination, medical complication rates, organ procurement rates and charges for care rendered during brain death determination. A retrospective chart review of trauma patients with lethal brain injuries at an urban tertiary care trauma center was performed. Two groups of trauma patients with lethal head injuries were compared. Group I consisted of patients pronounced brain dead using a protocol requiring two brain examinations, and group II contained patients evaluated using a protocol requiring one brain examination in conjunction with a nuclear medicine brain flow scan.
        
        
          Results:
          Group II had a significantly (P < 0.01) shorter mean brain death stay (3.5 ± 1.8 h) than group I (12.0 ± 1.0 h). Patients in groups I and II developed a similar number of medical complications, 3.2 ± 0.2 and 4.0 ± 1.3, respectively. The number of organs procured per patient did not differ significantly (4.1 ± 0.2 for group I and 4.4 ± 1.4 for group II). There was a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the brain death stay charges for group II ($6125 ± 1100) compared to group I ($16,645 ± 1223).
        
        
          Conclusions:
          Medical complications are universal in the traumatized patient awaiting the determination of brain death. These complications necessitate aggressive and costly care in the intensive care unit in order to optimize organ function in preparation for possible transplantation. In our institution, the determination of brain death using a single clinical examination and a nuclear medicine flow study significantly shortened the brain death stay and reduced associated charges accrued during this period. The complication and organ procurement rates were not affected in this small, preliminary report sample.

Tags: brain-death-determination, cerebral-blood-flow, nih, organ-donation, traumatic-brain-injury
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Miscellaneous Tables (Prevalence Estimates) - 6.1 to 6.107

These detailed tables present totals and prevalence estimates of the number of days and types of substance use, poly-drug use, nicotine dependence, substance dependence by age of first use, source of substances, social context of substance use, and drunk/drugged driving from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Substances examined include illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, and the nonmedical use of prescription-type pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives, and alcohol. Results are provided for lifetime, past year, and past month use by age group, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, employment status, geographic area, pregnancy status, college enrollment status, and probation/parole status. Comparisons are made between 2012 and 2011.

Tags: drug-prevalence, nsduh-survey, poly-drug-use, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Asians/Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI)

View the sub-population slides on Asians/Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI) based on the graphics, tables, and figures from the 2018 NSDUH Annual Report.

Tags: asian-pacific-islanders, mental-health, nhopi-population, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Role of epidermal growth factor receptor activation in regulating mucin synthesis

Healthy individuals have few goblet cells in their airways, but in patients with hypersecretory diseases goblet-cell upregulation results in mucus hypersecretion, airway plugging, and death. Multiple stimuli produce hypersecretion via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and activation, causing goblet-cell metaplasia from Clara cells by a process of cell differentiation. These cells are also believed to be the cells of origin of non-small-cell lung cancer, but this occurs via cell multiplication. The mechanisms that determine which pathway is chosen are critical but largely unknown. Although no effective therapy exists for hypersecretion at present, the EGFR cascade suggests methods for effective therapeutic intervention.

Tags: airway-hypersecretion, egfr-activation, goblet-cell-metaplasia, mucin-synthesis, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Diagnostic and treatment characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome: descriptive measurements of patient perception and awareness from 657 confidential self-reports

Background
          This investigation was undertaken to describe patient perception and awareness of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common cause of anovulation/oligoovulation among women of reproductive age.
        
        
          Methods
          Fifteen parameters were evaluated by a computer-based research instrument accessed by a large, unscreened population. Incomplete questionnaires were not entered, and responses were electronically tabulated to block duplicate submissions.
        
        
          Results
          From 657 participants, the majority (63%) were between 26–34 years old; mean BMI was 30.4 kg/m2. 343 of 657 had at least one pregnancy and 61% of the study group had taken fertility medicine (any type) at least once. Physicians were the most common provider of PCOS information for all study participants, irrespective of age. Patient emotions associated with the diagnosis of PCOS included "frustration" (67%), "anxiety" (16%), "sadness" (10%), and "indifference" (2%). Self-reported patient aptitude regarding PCOS was scored as high or "very aware" in >60% of women. Respondents were also asked: "If your PCOS could be safely and effectively helped by something else besides fertility drugs or birth control pills, would that interest you?" Interest in alternative PCOS treatments was expressed by 99% of the sample (n = 648).
        
        
          Conclusions
          In our study population, most women associated negative emotions with PCOS although the self-reported knowledge level for the disorder was high. While these women regarded their obstetrician-gynecologist as integral to their PCOS education, traditional PCOS therapies based on oral contraceptives or ovulation induction agents were regarded as unsatisfactory by most women.

Tags: fertility-treatment, nih, patient-perception, pcos, polycystic-ovary-syndrome
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Table 1. Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by State and Substate Regions: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2008, 2009, and 2010 NSDUHs

This table presents the 2008 to 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) estimates of past month illicit drugs use by State and substate regions.

Tags: drug-prevalence, illicit-drug-use, nsduh, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Human disc cells in monolayer vs 3D culture: cell shape, division and matrix formation

Background
          The relationship between cell shape, proliferation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production, important aspects of cell behavior, is examined in a little-studied cell type, the human annulus cell from the intervertebral disc, during monolayer vs three-dimensional (3D) culture.
        
        
          Results
          Three experimental studies showed that cells respond specifically to culture microenvironments by changes in cell shape, mitosis and ECM production: 1) Cell passages showed extensive immunohistochemical evidence of Type I and II collagens only in 3D culture. Chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate were abundant in both monolayer and 3D cultures. 2) Cells showed significantly greater proliferation in monolayer in the presence of platelet-derived growth factor compared to cells in 3D. 3) Cells on Matrigel™-coated monolayer substrates became rounded and formed nodular colonies, a finding absent during monolayer growth.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The cell's in vivo interactions with the ECM can regulate shape, gene expression and other cell functions. The shape of the annulus cell changes markedly during life: the young, healthy disc contains spindle shaped cells and abundant collagen. With aging and degeneration, many cells assume a strikingly different appearance, become rounded and are surrounded by unusual accumulations of ECM products. In vitro manipulation of disc cells provides an experimental window for testing how disc cells from given individuals respond when they are grown in environments which direct cells to have either spindle- or rounded-shapes. In vitro assessment of the response of such cells to platelet-derived growth factor and to Matrigel™ showed a continued influence of cell shape even in the presence of a growth factor stimulus. These findings contribute new information to the important issue of the influence of cell shape on cell behavior.

Tags: 3d-cell-culture, annulus-cells, extracellular-matrix, intervertebral-disc, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2015 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Washington

2015 Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Washington. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: behavioral-health, community-mental-health, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Diagnostic strategies for C-reactive protein

Background
          Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) has been identified in prospective epidemiological research as an independent risk marker for cardiovascular disease. In this paper, short-term biological variation of CRP is documented and a strategy to test the reliability of a single CRP sample is proposed.
        
        
          Methods
          Data were obtained from three groups of healthy volunteers: men, no oral contraceptives (OC-)using women and OC-using women. Blood samples were obtained 3 times in men and twice in women during a workweek.
        
        
          Results and discussion
          CRP values were highest in the OC-using women, followed by the men, and lowest in the no OC-using women. Averaged over the three groups the within-subject coefficients of variation (CVi) was 49.24% for CRP, and 29.90% for lnCRP. Using the repeated measures, individual samples were identified that reflected a 'suspicious' unreliable high value, i.e. a value that was more than 2 standard deviations higher than the lowest value obtained from the same subject. In an a posteriori analysis, three strategies to identify these suspicious high CRP values were then tested. In terms of maximizing detection of suspicious values and minimizing unnecessary resampling, best results were obtained for the most pragmatic criterion of using an absolute level, stratified for gender, and OC-use, to decide whether a second sample should be obtained.
        
        
          Conclusion
          A single high CRP value must be followed by re-sampling when it is above 1.75 mg/l for men, above 1.00 mg/l for no OC-using women, and above 2.00 mg/l for OC-using women.

Tags: biological-variation, c-reactive-protein, cardiovascular-risk, inflammation-marker, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Publications Using SAMHSA Data2020 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table For Hawaii

This is the 2020 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Hawaii. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: hawaii-mental-health, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa, urs-data
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Association of circulating

Background
          Chlamydia pneumoniae antigens, nucleic acids, or intact organisms have been detected in human atheroma. However, the presence of antibody does not predict subsequent cardiovascular (CV) events. We performed a systematic review to determine whether the detection of C. pneumoniae DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was associated with CV disease.
        
        
          Methods
          We sought studies of C. pneumoniae DNA detection in PBMC by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among patients with CV disease or other clinical conditions. We pooled studies in which CV patients were compared with non-diseased controls. We analyzed differences between studies by meta-regression, to determine which epidemiological and technical characteristics were associated with higher prevalence.
        
        
          Results
          Eighteen relevant studies were identified. In nine CV studies with control subjects, the prevalence of circulating C. pneumoniae DNA was 252 of 1763 (14.3%) CV patients and 74 of 874 (8.5%) controls, for a pooled odds ratio of 2.03 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.08, P < 0.001). Prevalence was not adjusted for CV risk factors. Current smoking status, season, and age were associated with C. pneumoniae DNA detection. High prevalence (>40%) was found in patients with cardiac, vascular, chronic respiratory, or renal disease, and in blood donors. Substantial differences between studies were identified in methods of sampling, extraction, and PCR targets.
        
        
          Conclusions
          C. pneumoniae DNA detection was associated with CV disease in unadjusted case-control studies. However, adjustment for potentially confounding measures such as smoking or season, and standardization of laboratory methods, are needed to confirm this association.

Tags: atheroma, cardiovascular-disease, chlamydia-pneumoniae, nih, pbmc-dna
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Continuing HIV therapy in the ICU

The risks and benefits of stopping antiretroviral therapy in patients admitted to the ICU are largely unmeasured. In many cases therapy has to be stopped, as parenteral preparations are unavailable for all but one of the antiretroviral agents. Stopping treatment suddenly may be associated with increased risk of resistance because of the long half-life of some of the drugs, and also the risk of increased immunosuppression due to the viral load rebounding. Drugs given through the enteral route may be poorly absorbed, which again may lead to drug resistance. By inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 the drugs interfere with the metabolism of many other compounds routinely used in the ICU. Furthermore, the drugs themselves are occasionally associated with severe toxicity such as pancreatitis and lactic acidosis, which can have devastating consequences. Much active research in all of these areas is now needed.

Tags: antiretroviral-therapy, drug-resistance, hiv-treatment, icu-patients, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services