AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Fines as a Criminal Sanction:  Practices and Attitudes of Trial Court Judges in the United States, 1985

These data were collected to examine the practices and
 views of state trial court judges with respect to their use of fines
 as a criminal sanction. Respondents were asked about the composition
 of their caseloads, sentencing practices (including fines imposed for
 various circumstances), available information about the offender at
 time of sentencing, enforcement and collection procedures in their
 courts, and their attitudes toward the use of fines. In addition to
 questions concerning the judges' use of fines and other sanctions, the
questionnaire presented the judges with hypothetical cases.

Tags: caseloads, fines, judges, judicial-decisions, offenders, sanctions, sentencing, state-courts, trial-courts, united-states
Organization: Department of Justice
Robberies in Chicago, 1982-1983

This study investigates the factors and conditions in
robbery events that cause victim injury or death. The investigators
compare three robbery events: those that resulted in death, those that
cause injury, and nonfatal robberies of all types. The events were
compared on a variety of demographic variables. The data address the
following questions: (1) To what extent are homicides resulting from
robbery misclassified as homicides for which motives are undetermined?
(2) How often do homicides resulting from robbery involve individuals
who do not know each other? (3) Are robberies that involve illicit
drugs more likely to result in the death of the victim? (4) To what
extent does a weapon used in a robbery affect the probability that a
victim will die? (5) To what extent does victim resistance affect the
likelihood of victim death? (6) To what extent does robbery lead to
physical injury? (7) Do individuals of different races suffer
disproportionately from injuries resulting from robbery? (8) Are
injuries and homicides resulting from robbery more likely to occur in a
residence, commercial establishment, or on the street? (9) Are women or
men more likely to be victims of homicide or injury resulting from
robbery? (10) To what extent does robbery (with or without a homicide)
occur between or within races? (12) How long does it take to solve
robbery-related crimes? Major variables characterizing the unit of
observation, the robbery event, include: location of the robbery
incident, numbers of offenders and victims involved in the incident,
victim's and offender's prior arrest and conviction histories, the
extent of injury, whether or not drugs were involved in any way, type
of weapon used, victim/offender relationship, and the extent of victim
resistance.

Tags: aggravated-assault, assault, homicide, murder, robbery, victimization, victims
Organization: Department of Justice
Selecting Career Criminals for Priority Prosecution, 1984-1986:  Los Angeles County, California and Middlesex County, Massachusetts

Collection of these data was undertaken in order to develop 
 offender classification criteria that could be used to identify career 
 criminals for priority prosecution. In addition to the crime records 
 obtained from official sources and defendants' self- reports, 
 information about prosecutors' discretionary judgments on sampled cases 
 was obtained from interviews of prosecutors and case review forms 
 completed by attorneys. Respondent and nonrespondent files, taken from 
 official court records, contain information on current and past records 
 of offenses committed, arrests, dispositions, sentences, parole and 
 probation histories, substance abuse records, juvenile court 
 appearances, criminal justice practitioners' assessments, and 
 demographic characteristics. The prosecutor interview files contain 
 variables relating to prosecutors' opinions on the seriousness of the 
 defendant's case, subjective criteria used to decide suitability for 
 prosecution, and case status at intake stage. Information obtained from 
 prosecutors' case review forms include defendants' prior records and 
 situational variables related to the charged offenses. The self-report 
 files contain data on the defendants' employment histories, substance 
 abuse and criminal records, sentence and confinement histories, and 
basic socioeconomic characteristics.

Tags: arrest-records, career-criminals, court-cases, criminal-histories, demographic-characteristics, offender-classification, offender-profiles, prosecution, recidivism
Organization: Department of Justice
Dangerous Sex Offenders:  Classifying, Predicting, and Evaluating Outcomes of Clinical Treatment in Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 1982-1985

The purpose of this data collection was to validate two
 classification systems, one for rapists and one for child molesters,
 used in a Massachusetts treatment center for sexually aggressive
 offenders. Rapists and child molesters were classified as two types of
 sex offenders and then clinically classified into subtypes based on
 criteria for the two taxonomies being tested. Variables include type
 of traffic offenses, criminal offenses, and sex offenses charged. Data
 on disposition of cases are also provided, along with parole and
 discharge information. Offenders' post-release offenses were
 categorized into traffic offenses, nontraffic offenses, and sex
offenses.

Tags: crime-prediction, offender-profiles, program-evaluation, sex-offender-profiles, sex-offenders, sex-offenses, treatment-facilities, treatment-outcomes
Organization: Department of Justice
Effects of Sentences on Subsequent Criminal Behavior in New Jersey, 1976-1977

This data collection examines the effects of sentencing on 
 offenders' subsequent criminal behaviors. The data address the 
 following questions: (1) At what point in the criminal career is the 
 criminal career interrupted or halted by the criminal justice system 
 because the offender is "taken off the streets?" (2) How long is the 
 criminal career interrupted as a result of intervention from the 
 criminal justice system? (3) How significant are the effects of past 
 criminal behavior, as opposed to offender characteristics, such as 
 education, employment history, or drug use, on criminal behavior 
 subsequent to sentencing? (4) How do the effects of sentencing differ 
 among offenders according to background, criminal history, and offense? 
 Special characteristics of the collection include detailed information 
 on the demographic and psychological background of defendants, a 
 description of the offenses and the victims, and criminal recidivism 
 information for adult defendants. More specifically, the sentence file 
 contains data on the defendant's family, educational background, 
 psychological condition, social activities, financial status, 
 employment history, substance abuse, prior and follow-up criminal 
 records, sentence and correctional histories, and other disposition 
 information. The event file provides data on arrest and court 
 appearances as well as data on incarcerations, escapes, transfers, 
releases, paroles, and furloughs.

Tags: career-criminals, criminal-histories, criminal-justice-system, criminality, intervention, offender-profiles, recidivism, sentencing
Organization: Department of Justice
Predicting Recidivism in North Carolina, 1978 and 1980

This data collection examines the relationship between
individual characteristics and recidivism for two cohorts of inmates
released from North Carolina prisons in 1978 and 1980. The survey
contains questions on the background of the offenders, including their
involvement in drugs or alcohol, level of schooling, nature of the
crime resulting in the sample conviction, number of prior
incarcerations and recidivism following release from the sample
incarceration. The data collection also contains information on the
length of time until recidivism occurs.

Tags: crime-prediction, criminal-histories, imprisonment, offenders, prison-inmates, recidivism
Organization: Department of Justice
Public and Private Resources in Public Safety [United States]:  Metropolitan Area Panel Data, 1977 and 1982

This data collection provides a series of measures relating 
 to public safety for all SMSAs in the United States at two time 
 periods. Variables include: municipal employment (e.g. number of 
 municipal employees, number of police employees, police payrolls, 
 municipal employees per 10,000 inhabitants), municipal revenue (total 
 debt, property taxes, utility revenues, income taxes), nonmunicipal 
 employment (retail services, mining services, construction services, 
 finance services), crime rates (murder, robbery, auto theft, rape), 
 labor force and unemployment, property value, and other miscellaneous 
topics.

Tags: crime-rates, municipal-expenditures, municipal-services, police-officers, public-interest, public-safety
Organization: Department of Justice
Crime and Mental Disorder, 1972

The purpose of this data collection was to explore the
relationship between crime and mental disorder among jail inmates.
Three sample groups were studied: jail inmates who had psychiatric
contacts, jail inmates who did not have psychiatric contacts, and a
control group of psychiatric patients who were not in jail. Psychiatric
diagnosis history for inmates and patients with psychiatric contacts
spanning 18 years (1960-1977) is available along with each subject's
crime record and sentencing history. Variables include demographic
characteristics, type of offenses sentenced, and number of arrests.
Also included are psychiatric contact information including date of
contact, diagnosis, type of service given, date of treatment
termination, and reason for termination.

Tags: crime-patterns, criminal-histories, jail-inmates, mental-disorders, mental-health-services, psychiatric-services, psychological-evaluation, psychological-wellbeing
Organization: Department of Justice
Nature and Sanctioning of White Collar Crime, 1976-1978:  Federal Judicial Districts

This data collection, one of only a small number available
 on federal white collar crimes, focuses on white collar criminals and
 the nature of their offenses. The data contain information on the
 source of conviction, offense category, number of counts in the
 indictment, maximum prison time and maximum fine associated with the
 offense, the duration and geographic spread of the offense, number of
 participants, number of persons arrested, number of businesses
 indicted, and spouse's employment. The data are limited to crimes
 committed solely by convicted individuals and do not include
 defendants that are organizations or groups. The defendant's
 socioeconomic status is measured using the Duncan Index. Further
 information provided about the defendant includes age, sex, marital
 status, past criminal history, neighborhood environment, education,
and employment history.

Tags: convictions-law, criminal-histories, federal-courts, offenders, offenses, sentencing, white-collar-crime
Organization: Department of Justice
Police Use of Deadly Force, 1970-1979

The circumstances surrounding "justifiable homicides" by
police are the focus of this data collection, which examines
occurrences in 57 United States cities during the period
1970-1979. Homicides by on- and off-duty police officers serving
communities of 250,000 or more were studied. Data were collected
through a survey questionnaire sent to police executives of the 57
cities. The Federal Bureau of Investigation supplied data on
justifiable homicides by police, including age, sex, and race
data. The variables include number of sworn officers, number of
supervisory officers, average years of education, department
regulations about issues such as off-duty employment, uniforms,
carrying firearms, and disciplinary actions, in-service training,
pre-service training, firearms practice, assignments without firearms,
on-duty deaths, and off-duty deaths.  The study was funded by a grant
from the National Institute of Justice to the International
Association of Chiefs of Police.

Tags: fatalities, firearms, homicide, police-response, police-training, police-use-of-deadly-force, police-weapons, policies-and-procedures, violence
Organization: Department of Justice
Operation Hardcore [Crime] Evaluation: Los Angeles, 1976-1980

This evaluation was developed and implemented by the Los
Angeles District Attorney's Office to examine the effectiveness of
specialized prosecutorial activities in dealing with the local problem
of rising gang violence, in particular the special gang prosecution
unit Operation Hardcore. One part of the evaluation was a system
performance analysis. The purposes of this system performance analysis
were (1) to describe the problems of gang violence in Los Angeles and
the ways that incidents of gang violence were handled by the Los
Angeles criminal justice system, and (2) to document the activities of
Operation Hardcore and its effect on the criminal justice system's
handling of the cases prosecuted by that unit. Computer-generated
listings from the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office of all
individuals referred for prosecution by local police agencies were used
to identify those individuals who were subsequently prosecuted by the
District Attorney. Data from working files on all cases prosecuted,
including copies of police, court, and criminal history records as well
as information on case prosecution, were used to describe criminal
justice handling. Information from several supplementary sources was
also included, such as the automated Prosecutors Management Information
System (PROMIS) maintained by the District Attorney's Office, and court
records from the Superior Court of California in Los Angeles County,
the local felony court.

Tags: arrests, assault, burglary, correctional-facilities, crime, criminal-histories, criminal-justice-system, defendants, delinquent-behavior, demographic-characteristics, disposition-legal, district-attorneys, driving-under-the-influence, drug-possession, f_
Organization: Department of Justice
Deterrent Effects of Antitrust Enforcement [United States]: the Ready-Mix Concrete Industry, 1970-1980

These data were collected to explore the relationship
between profit levels in the concrete industry and the antitrust
enforcement activities undertaken by the United States Department of
Justice in 19 cities over an 11-year period. The data collection is
composed mainly of published aggregate data on ready-mix concrete
costs and prices. Profits and estimates of collusive markups in this
industry can be calculated and related to antitrust enforcement
efforts. Variables include measures of wages and materials costs,
prices of concrete products, number of building permits issued,
gasoline prices, the consumer price index, number of laborers
employed, unemployment rates, measures of change in the Department of
Justice's Antitrust Division budget, change in number of DOJ permanent
enforcement personnel, and number of antitrust criminal actions
initiated by DOJ against ready-mix concrete users, producers of
related products, producers of substitutes for ready-mix products, and
ready-mix producers.

Tags: business-conditions, construction-industry, corruption, crime, expenditures, unemployment
Organization: Department of Justice
Interaction Between Neighborhood Change and Criminal Activity, 1950-1976: Los Angeles County

This study was conducted in 1979 at the Social Science
Research Institute, University of Southern California, and explores
the relationship between neighborhood change and crime rates between
the years 1950 and 1976. The data were aggregated by unique and
consistently-defined spatial areas, referred to as dummy tracts or
neighborhoods, within Los Angeles County. By combining United States
Census data and administrative data from several state, county, and
local agencies, the researchers were able to develop measures that
tapped the changing structural and compositional aspects of each
neighborhood and their interaction with the patterns of juvenile
delinquency. Some of the variables included are annual income, home
environment, number of crimes against persons, and number of property
crimes.

Tags: cities, crime, juvenile-delinquency, neighborhood-characteristics, neighborhood-conditions, neighborhoods
Organization: Department of Justice
Factors Influencing the Quality and Utility of Government-Sponsored Criminal Justice Research in the United States, 1975-1986

This data collection examines the effects of organizational 
 environment and funding level on the utility of criminal justice 
 research projects sponsored by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ). 
 The data represent a unique source of information on factors that 
 influence the quality and utility of criminal justice research. 
 Variables describing the research grants include NIJ office responsible 
 for monitoring the grant (e.g., courts, police, corrections, etc.), 
 organization type receiving the grant (academic or nonacademic), type 
 of data (collected originally, existing, merged), and priority area 
 (crime, victims, parole, police). The studies are also classified by: 
 (1) sampling method employed, (2) presentation style, (3) statistical 
 analysis employed, (4) type of research design, (5) number of 
 observation points, and (6) unit of analysis. Additional variables 
 provided include whether there was a copy of the study report in the 
 National Criminal Justice Archive, whether the study contained 
 recommendations for policy or practice, and whether the project was 
 completed on time. The data file provides two indices--one that 
 represents quality and one that represents utility. Each measure is 
generated from a combination of variables in the dataset.

Tags: criminal-justice-system, funding, grants, policies-and-procedures, research
Organization: Department of Justice
Social Bonds Across Immigration Generations and the Immigrant School Enclave: A Multilevel Longitudinal Study of Student Violence, School Disorder, and Dropping Out, United States, 2002

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they there received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except of the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompany readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collections and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
This study consists of a secondary analysis of data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS) to investigate associations between immigration, misbehavior, victimization, disorder, and educational failure (i.e., dropping out). Six research questions that were addressed in this study include: do school social bonds vary across immigration generations? Second, is student violence (i.e., misbehavior and victimization) explained by school social bonds across generations? Third, are student violence and school disorder related to the children immigrants' likelihood of dropping out? Fourth, are strong school social bonds mitigating the likelihood of dropping out for the children of immigrants? Fifth, are immigrant school enclaves associated with increased school social bonds among adolescents, decreased student violence and school disorder, and lower levels of dropping out? Sixth, does the intersection of race, ethnicity, and gender moderate the relationship between student violence and school social bonds for the children of immigrants?There are no data files available with this study. Only the syntax file used by the researcher is provided.

Tags: adolescents, behavior-problems, family-background, high-school-students, immigration, school-attendance, school-dropouts, socioeconomic-status, victims, violence
Organization: Department of Justice
Study of Sworn Nonfederal Law Enforcement Officers Arrested in the United States, 2005-2011

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed expect for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) is further information is needed.
This collection is composed of archived news articles and court records reporting (n=6,724) on the arrest(s) of law enforcement officers in the United States from 2005-2011. Police crimes are those crimes committed by sworn law enforcement officers given the general powers of arrest at the time the offense was committed. These crimes can occur while the officer is on or off duty and include offenses committed by state, county, municipal, tribal, or special law enforcement agencies.Three distinct but related research questions are addressed in this collection:What is the incidence and prevalence of police officers arrested across the United States? How do law enforcement agencies discipline officers who are arrested?To what degree do police crime arrests correlate with other forms of police misconduct?

Tags: alcohol-abuse, criminality, domestic-violence, drug-abuse, police, police-brutality, police-corruption, police-misconduct, violence
Organization: Department of Justice
Decision Making in Sexual Assault Cases: Replication Research on Sexual Violence Case Attrition in the United States, 2006-2012

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor.  The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers.  Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The study contains data on sexual assault cases reported to the police for the years 2006-2012, collected from six police agencies and also their corresponding public prosecutor's offices across the United States. The study analyzed the attrition of sexual assault cases from the criminal justice system.
This study includes two SPSS data files:

Court-Form-2008-2010-Sample-Revised-Nov-2018.sav (801 variables, 417 cases)
Police-Form-2008-2010-Sample-Revised-Nov-2018.sav (1,276 variables, 3,269 cases)

This study also includes two SPSS syntax files:

ICPSR-Court-Form-Variable-Construction-2008-2010.sps
ICPSR-Constructed-Variables-Syntax.sps

The study also contains qualitative data which are not available as part of this data collection at this time.  The qualitative data includes interviews, field observations, and focus groups which were conducted with key personnel to examine organizational and cultural dimensions of handling sexual assault cases in order to understand how these factors influence case outcomes.  

Tags: case-attrition, case-processing, criminal-justice-system, rape-statistics, sexual-assault
Organization: Department of Justice