AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for breast cancer in Iran: a case-control study

Background
          Iranian breast cancer patients are relatively younger than their Western counterparts. The objective of the present study was to investigate risk factors for breast cancer in Iranian women.
        
        
          Method
          A case-control study was conducted from April 1997 to April 1998 in Tehran, Iran. Demographical data and risk factor related information were collected using a short structured questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from logistic regression analysis.
        
        
          Results
          In all, 286 women with breast cancer and 249 control women were interviewed. In multivariate analysis, only marital status (never married: OR 4.24, 95% CI 1.70-10.57 [P = 0.002]; widowed/divorced: OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.05-2.68 [P = 0.03]) and family history (positive family history of breast cancer: OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.15-7.59 [P = 0.02]) were associated with significantly increased risk for breast cancer.
        
        
          Conclusion
          The findings of the present study suggest that family history and marital status may have an impact on the incidence of breast cancer in Iranian women.

Tags: breast-cancer, case-control-study, iranian-women, nih, risk-factors
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
A direct method to visualise the aryl acylamidase activity on cholinesterases in polyacrylamide gels

Background
          In vertebrates, two types of cholinesterases exist, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The function of acetylcholinesterase is to hydrolyse acetylcholine, thereby terminating the neurotransmission at cholinergic synapse, while the precise physiological function of butyrylcholinesterase has not been identified. The presence of cholinesterases in tissues that are not cholinergically innervated indicate that cholinesterases may have functions unrelated to neurotransmission. Furthermore, cholinesterases display a genuine aryl acylamidase activity apart from their predominant acylcholine hydrolase activity. The physiological significance of this aryl acylamidase activity is also not known. The study on the aryl acylamidase has been, in part hampered by the lack of a specific method to visualise this activity. We have developed a method to visualise the aryl acylamidase activity on cholinesterase in polyacrylamide gels.
        
        
          Results
          The o-nitroaniline liberated from o-nitroacetanilide by the action of aryl acylamidase activity on cholinesterases, in the presence of nitrous acid formed a diazonium compound. This compound gave an azo dye complex with N-(1-napthyl)-ethylenediamine, which appeared as purple bands in polyacrylamide gels. Treating the stained gels with trichloroacetic acid followed by Tris-HCl buffer helped in fixation of the stain in the gels. By using specific inhibitors for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, respectively, differential staining for the aryl acylamidase activities on butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase in a sample containing both these enzymes has been demonstrated. A linear relationship between the intensity of colour developed and activity of the enzyme was obtained.
        
        
          Conclusions
          A novel method to visualise the aryl acylamidase activity on cholinesterases in polyacrylamide gels has been developed.

Tags: acetylcholinesterase, aryl-acylamidase, cholinesterase-activity, enzyme-visualization, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2012 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Tables for Kentucky

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for 2012. The Uniform Reporting System (URS) is a state and national reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: behavioral-health, mental-health-services, outcome-measures, samhsa, urs-data
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Obtaining reliable information from minute amounts of RNA using cDNA microarrays

Background
          High density cDNA microarray technology provides a powerful tool to survey the activity of thousands of genes in normal and diseased cells, which helps us both to understand the molecular basis of the disease and to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The promise of this technology has been hampered by the large amount of biological material required for the experiments (more than 50 μg of total RNA per array). We have modified an amplification procedure that requires only 1 μg of total RNA. Analyses of the results showed that most genes that were detected as expressed or differentially expressed using the regular protocol were also detected using the amplification protocol. In addition, many genes that were undetected or weakly detected using the regular protocol were clearly detected using the amplification protocol. We have carried out a series of confirmation studies by northern blotting, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry assays.
        
        
          Results
          Our results showed that most of the new information revealed by the amplification protocol represents real gene activity in the cells.
        
        
          Conclusion
          We have confirmed a powerful and consistent cDNA microarray procedure that can be used to study minute amounts of biological tissue.

Tags: cdna-microarray, gene-expression, molecular-diagnostics, nih, rna-amplification
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Paediatric intensive care: out of commission

Problems with commissioning paediatric intensive care stem both from difficulties in recruitment and retention of nurses, and from incoherent or nonexistent national audit. Pyramidal career structures and patterns of remuneration that concentrate on administrative responsibility over clinical skills underlie the former, whereas poor audit conceals variations in both service quality and demand. Epidemiologically superior data are required if we are to solve commissioning problems. We need to know what happened to every child from a defined population receiving intensive care and whether a lack of resources means that some children are denied intensive care.

Tags: intensive-care-audit, nih, pediatric-intensive-care, pediatric-nursing, resource-allocation
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
NF-κB DNA-binding activity in embryos responding to a teratogen, cyclophosphamide

Background
          The Rel/NF-κB transcription factors have been shown to regulate apoptosis in different cell types, acting as inducers or blockers in a stimuli- and cell type-dependent fashion. One of the Rel/NF-κB subunits, RelA, has been shown to be crucial for normal embryonic development, in which it functions in the embryonic liver as a protector against TNFα-induced physiological apoptosis. This study assesses whether NF-κB may be involved in the embryo's response to teratogens. Fot this, we evaluated how NF-KappaB DNA binding activity in embryonic organs demonstraiting differential sensitivity to a reference teratogen, cyclophosphamide, correlates with dysmorphic events induced by the teratogen at the cellular level (excessive apoptosis) and at the organ level (structural anomalies).
        
        
          Results
          The embryonic brain and liver were used as target organs. We observed that the Cyclophosphamide-induced excessive apoptosis in the brain, followed by the formation of severe craniofacial structural anomalies, was accompanied by suppression of NF-κB DNA-binding activity as well as by a significant and lasting increase in the activity of caspases 3 and 8. However, in the liver, in which cyclophosphamide induced transient apoptosis was not followed by dysmorphogenesis, no suppression of NF-κB DNA-binding activity was registered and the level of active caspases 3 and 8 was significantly lower than in the brain. It has also been observed that both the brain and liver became much more sensitive to the CP-induced teratogenic insult if the embryos were exposed to a combined treatment with the teratogen and sodium salicylate that suppressed NF-κB DNA-binding activity in these organs.
        
        
          Conclusion
          The results of this study demonstrate that suppression of NF-κB DNA-binding activity in embryos responding to the teratogenic insult may be associated with their decreased resistance to this insult. They also suggest that teratogens may suppress NF-κB DNA-binding activity in the embryonic tissues in an organ type- and dose-dependent fashion.

Tags: brain-development, cyclophosphamide-teratogenesis, embryonic-apoptosis, nf-b-activity, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2018 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Rhode Island

This is the 2018 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Rhode Island. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-program, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, rhode-island, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Anti-cytokine therapy in chronic destructive arthritis

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are considered to be master cytokines in chronic, destructive arthritis. Therapeutic approaches in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have so far focused mainly on TNF, which is a major inflammatory mediator in RA and a potent inducer of IL-1; anti-TNF therapy shows great efficacy in RA patients. However, it is not effective in all patients, nor does it fully control the arthritic process in affected joints of good responders. Directed therapy for IL-1, with IL-1 receptor antagonist, mainly reduces erosions and is marginally anti-inflammatory. It is as yet unclear whether the limited effect is akin to the RA process or linked to suboptimal blocking of IL-1. Analysis of cytokine patterns in early synovial biopsies of RA patients reveals a marked heterogeneity, with variable staining of TNF and IL-1β, indicative of TNF-independent IL-1 production in at least some patients. Evidence for this pathway emerged from experimental arthritises in rodents, and is summarized in this review. If elements of the models apply to the arthritic process in RA patients, it is necessary to block IL-1β in addition to TNF.

Tags: anti-cytokine-therapy, il-1-receptor-antagonist, nih, rheumatoid-arthritis, tnf-inhibitors
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Use of intravenous antiarrhythmics to identify concealed Brugada syndrome

Cardiology has recently witnessed the production of an overwhelming amount of data through the advances made in genetics and molecular biology research. Understanding of genetics has tremendous potential to aid in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the majority of diseases. Despite the high level of publicity for research discoveries, clinicians have had difficulty in discriminating between what is still basic research and what can be applied to patients. The fact is that we still lack the technology to perform genetic testing in a time frame that is acceptable to clinicians. Meanwhile, then, the only option is to rely on clinical tests that can help us better stratify the individuals at risk for a disease. For example, Brugada syndrome has benefited tremendously from genetics and molecular biology since its initial description in 1992. Genetics will provide a more definitive diagnosis for the disease in the future. For the time being, though, research has shown that the administration of an intravenous class I antiarrhythmic is very useful in identifying patients with a concealed form of the disease.

Tags: antiarrhythmic-drugs, brugada-syndrome, cardiac-electrophysiology, intravenous-administration, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
More than 7 Million Children Live with a Parent with Alcohol Problems (2005 to 2010 NSDUH)

This report uses 2005 to 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to estimate the number of children under the age of 18 who are living with a parent that had a past year alcohol use disorder. Results are shown by whether it is a two-parent or single-parent household.

Tags: alcohol-use-disorder, children-of-alcoholics, household-composition, parental-alcoholism, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Children’s Bureau Discretionary Grant Reviewer Application Process

The Children's Bureau (CB) is seeking qualified subject-matter experts (SMEs) with relevant work experience to participate as grant peer reviewers.

CB provides discretionary funds competitively to state, tribal and local agencies, community organizations, and faith-based organizations to improve the safety, permanency and well-being of our nation’s children and families. We are seeking qualified SMEs to serve as reviewers for the competitive discretionary grant review process. As peer reviewers, you are vital to this process because you assist the federal government in awarding funds to only the most qualified applications.

Federal program officers will review profiles to identify SMEs whose expertise best matches the needs of a particular program. If your profile matches those needs closely then you may be contacted to serve as a peer reviewer. Reviewers typically work in panels of 4 and read, score, and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of submitted applications.

If you are interested in serving as a grant reviewer, please go to https://rrm.grantsolutions.gov/AgencyPortal/cb.aspx
  
  

 to create your profile. You will be asked to upload your résumé or curriculum vita (CV) in addition to responding to a few questions and detailing your areas of expertise, experience, and education. You must upload a résumé or CV in order to be considered to serve as a grant reviewer. Serving as a peer reviewer is an equal opportunity experience. Non-federally employed subject matter experts (SMEs) may receive monetary compensation for their participation on a review panel.

For more information on Children’s Bureau grant reviews, please contact CBReview@grantreview.org.

Metadata-only record linking to the original dataset. Open original dataset below.

Tags: grant, peer, policy, sery, time
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The development of clinical signs of rheumatoid synovial inflammation is associated with increased synthesis of the chemokine CXCL8 (interleukin-8)

Paired synovial tissue samples were obtained from both clinically uninvolved (CU) and clinically involved (CI) knee joints of eight rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In addition, biopsies were taken from five control subjects. We observed the expression of the chemokines CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL2 and CCL4 in CI and CU joints of RA patients. In particular, CXCL8 protein levels were specifically increased in CI joints compared with CU joints, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

Tags: cxcl8-chemokine, cytokine-expression, nih, rheumatoid-arthritis, synovial-inflammation
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Ecstasy-Related Emergency Department Visits by Young People Increased between 2005 and 2011; Alcohol Involvement Remains a Concern

This spotlight report describes the risks of combining the drug Ecstasy (also known as MDMA or methylenedioxymethamphetamine) with alcohol. For emergency department patients aged 20 and younger, it provides the number of emergency department visits that involved Ecstasy, and the percentage of Ecstasy-related visits that involved alcohol for the years 2005 through 2011.

Tags: alcohol-abuse, ecstasy-use, emergency-department, samhsa, youth-substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

The biologically active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], acts through vitamin D receptors, which were found in rheumatoid tissues in the present study. IL-1β-activated rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts and human articular chondrocytes were shown to respond differently to exposure to 1α,25(OH)2D3, which has different effects on the regulatory pathways of specific matrix metalloproteinases and prostaglandin E2.

Tags: chondrocytes, nih, rheumatoid-arthritis, synovial-fibroblasts, vitamin-d
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Table 15. Cigarette Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by State and Substate Regions: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2008, 2009, and 2010 NSDUHs

This table presents the 2008 to 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) estimates of past month cigarette use by those aged 12 to 20 in State and substate regions.

Tags: cigarette-use, nsduh-data, samhsa, substate-data, youth-tobacco
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Instructions To Update The SAMHSA SMI And SED Estimates URS Table 1: Number Of Adults With Serious Mental Illness, Age 18 And Older, By State, 2020

This is a Uniform Reporting System (URS) series of tables that details the number of adults with serious mental illness (SMI), ages 18 and older, by State, from 2020.

Tags: adult-mental-health, samhsa, serious-mental-illness, smi-estimates, state-level-data
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2015 National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Facilities

This publication is a directory with a listing of Federal, State,and local government facilities and private facilities that provide substance abuse treatment services. It includes treatment facilities that (1) are licensed, certified, or otherwise approved for inclusion in the Directory by their State substance abuse agencies, and (2) responded to the 2014 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS). The information about each facility that appears in this Directory was provided by that facility in response to the 2014 N-SSATS. N-SSATS is conducted annually by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The Directory is ordered alphabetically by State, by city within each State, and by facility name within each city. This Directory includes All US States and Territories.

Tags: alcohol-abuse-treatment, behavioral-health, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, treatment-facilities
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525456: 3-Propyl-2,4-dithiahexane

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 1-ethylsulfanyl-1-methylsulfanylbutane. Molecular Formula: C7H16S2. Molecular Weight: 164.3. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Publications Using SAMHSA Data2010 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Maryland

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for 2010. The Uniform Reporting System (URS) is a state and national reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: maryland-mental-health, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa, urs-data
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Minipig cytochrome P450 3A, 2A and 2C enzymes have similar properties to human analogs

Background
          The search for an optimal experimental model in pharmacology is recently focused on (mini)pigs as they seem not only to be an alternative source of cells and tissues for xenotherapy but also an alternative species for studies on drug metabolism in man due to similarities between (mini) pig and human drug metabolizing systems. The purpose of this work is to characterize minipig liver microsomal cytochromes P450 (CYPs) by comparing their N-terminal sequences with corresponding human orthologs.
        
        
          Results
          The microsomal CYPs exhibit similar activities to their human orthologous enzymes (CYP3A4, nifedipine oxidation; 2A6, coumarin 7-hydroxylation; 2D6, bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation; 2E1, p-nitrophenol hydroxylation; and 2C9, tolbutamide hydroxylation). Specific minipig CYP (2A, 2C and 3A) enzymes were partially purified and proteins identified by immunostaining (using antibodies against the respective human CYPs) were used for N-terminal amino acid sequencing. From comparisons, it can be concluded that the sequence of the first 20 amino acids at the N-terminus of minipig CYP2A is highly similar to human CYP2A6 (70% identity). The N-terminal sequence of CYP2C shared about 50% similarity with human 2C9. The results on the minipig liver microsomal CYP3A yielded identical data with those obtained for amino acid sequences of the pig CYP3A29 showing 60% identity with human CYP3A4.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Thus, our results further support the view that minipigs may serve as model animals in pharmacological/toxicological studies with substrates of human CYP enzymes, namely, of the CYP3A and CYP2A forms.

Tags: cytochrome-p450, drug-metabolism, liver-microsomes, minipig-model, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Table 9. Alcohol Use in the Past Month, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2010 and 2011 NSDUHs

This report presents State estimates for measures of past month alcohol use other than marijuana based on the combined 2010 and 2011 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Resuts are provided by age group.

Tags: age-group, alcohol-use, nsduh, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2014 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for New York

2014 Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for New York. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-data, evidence-based-practices, mental-health-services, noms-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 528540: Hexadecane, 7-propyl

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 7-propylhexadecane. Molecular Formula: C19H40. Molecular Weight: 268.5. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2018 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Montana

This is the 2018 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Montana. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-data, community-mental-health, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services