AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
SatCORPS CERES GEO Edition 4 GOES-13 Southern Hemisphere Version 1.0

CER_GEO_Ed4_GOE13_SH_V01 is the Satellite Cloud and Radiation Property retrieval System (SatCORPS) Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Geostationary Satellite (GEO) Edition 4 Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 13 (GOES-13) over the Southern Hemisphere (SH) Version 1.0 data product. Data was collected using the GOES-13 Imager on the GOES-13 Platform. Data collection for this product is complete.

This data set comprises cloud micro-physical and radiation properties derived hourly from GOES-13 geostationary satellite imager data using the Langley Research Center (LARC) SATCORPS algorithms supporting the CERES project. The cloud micro-physical and radiation properties from each active geostationary satellite are merged to create hourly global cloud properties that estimate fluxes between CERES instrument measurements to account for the changing diurnal cycle. The data set is arranged as files for each hour and in netCDF-4 format. The observations are at 4 km resolution (at nadir) and are sub-sampled to 8 km.

CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, the protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.

Tags: atmosphere, clouds, earth-science
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Suomi-NPP VIIRS Level-3 Global Binned 11µm Day/Night Sea Surface Temperature (SST) - Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2016.2

The Ocean Biology DAAC produces near real-time (quicklook) products using the best-available combination of ancillary data from meteorological and ozone data. As such, the inputs and the calibration used are less than optimal. Quicklook products provide a snapshot of the data during a short time period within a single orbit.

Tags: earth-science, ocean-temperature, oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Silicon Micromachined Heterodyne Array Receiver at 1.9 THz Project

"We are proposing a new concept of integrated component development technology at submillimeter wavelengths that will dramatically simplify the fabrication, assembly, and integration of large focal plane arrays and imagers. This technology has the potential to significantly increase the pixel count of detector arrays and reduce the mass, volume, and complexity of array receivers for a broad range of applications in astrophysics and earth sciences. 



We will develop and demonstrate a highly integrated silicon-micromachined array receiver at  1.9 THz based on advanced dual-polarized, sideband-separating, balanced heterodyne mixers. The receiver front-end will be integrated with a novel micro-lens antenna array. We will design full-waveguide-band 90-degree quadrature hybrids, orthomode transducers (OMT), polarization twists, in-phase power splitters, and directional couplers at 1.9 THz; fabricate them using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) based silicon micromachining, integrate them with existing HEB mixers at 1.9 THz; and test and fully characterize them in our laboratory.



The scientific importance of high-resolution spectroscopic observations at submillimeter wavelengths is underscored by the key role of heterodyne spectrometers in the ESA cornerstone Herschel Space Observatory as well as the ground-based ALMA and airborne SOFIA.  Star formation and key phases of galaxy evolution occur in region enshrouded by dust that obscures them at infrared and optical wavelengths, while the temperature range of the interstellar medium of ten to a few thousand Kelvin in these regions excites a wealth of submillimeter-wave spectral lines. With high-resolution spectroscopy, resolved line profiles reveal the dynamics of star formation, directly revealing details of turbulence, outflows, and core collapse.  Observations of emission from ionized species such as C+ at 1900.53690 GHz (158 um), allow one to directly measure the cooling of the diffuse component of the interstellar m

Tags: active, project
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center's Earth as Art Image Gallery 2

The Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center manages this collection of forty-five new scenes developed for their aesthetic beauty, rather than for scientific value. The artists of this collection come from three sensors aboard satellites orbiting the Earth - Landsat 7, ASTER, and MODIS.

Tags: aster, earth-as-art, earth-science, imagery, images, landsat, modis, usgs
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SMAP Radar Twice-Daily SAR and SIR-Enhanced Scatterometer EASE-Grid 2.0 Radar Backscatter V001

This data set contains twice-daily synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and enhanced-resolution scatterometer radar backscatter derived from SMAP radar data. Data are available on the Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, Temperate, and Mid-Latitude (sub-set of Global) EASE-Grid 2.0 projections and as either 25 km or 3.125 km resolution grids. This new product uses the drop-in-the bucket gridding (GRD) algorithm and Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) algorithm to process the individual swath-based data from the input data sets into twice-daily images, producing SAR images (high-resolution), slice and footprint images (both lower-resolution), respectively. Note, that as a companion product, the radiometer form of the SIR algorithm (rSIR) was used to derive brightness temperatures from SMAP radiometer data for the <i>SMAP Radiometer Twice-Daily rSIR-Enhanced EASE-Grid 2.0 Brightness Temperatures, Version 2</i>, data set (<a href="https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0738">NSIDC-0738</a>).

Tags: earth-science, radar, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
IceBridge ATM L1B Near-Infrared Waveforms V001

This data set contains geolocated waveforms of Greenland, Arctic, and Antarctic sea ice measured by the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) near-infrared (NIR) lidar. The data complement, and are intended to be used with, the <a href="https://nsidc.org/data/ilnsaw1b">IceBridge Narrow Swath ATM L1B Elevation and Return Strength with Waveforms</a> data, which are measured at green wavelength. Both of these narrow-swath data sets are closely related to the wide-swath <a href="https://nsidc.org/data/ilatmw1b">IceBridge ATM L1B Elevation and Return Strength with Waveforms</a> data set. The data were acquired as part of aircraft survey campaigns funded by Operation IceBridge.

Tags: earth-science, infrared-wavelengths, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ESMR/Nimbus-5 Images of Brightness Temperature on 70 mm Film V001 (ESMRN5IM) at GES DISC

ESMRN5IM is the Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) data product containing daily brightness temperature images from 70-mm photofacsimile film strips. Each frame contains a geographic grid and two groups of three parallel strips of imagery, each containing one-half the orbital data. The spatial coverage is identical in each group, but each strip has a different dynamic range for its gray scale: 100-200 K, 190-270 K, and 250-300 K, respectively. The spatial resolution is 25 x 25 km near nadir, degrading to 160 km cross-track by 45 km down-track at the ends of the scan. The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 2 weeks of images are archived into a TAR file. Additional information can be found in "The Nimbus 5 User's Guide."

The primary objectives of the ESMR experiment were: (1) to derive the liquid water content of clouds from brightness temperatures over oceans, (2) to observe differences between sea ice and the open sea over the polar caps, and (3) to test the feasibility of inferring surface composition and soil moisture. To accomplish these objectives, the ESMR was capable of continuous global mapping of the 1.55-cm (19.36 GHz) microwave radiation emitted by the earth/atmosphere system, and could function even in the presence of cloud conditions that block conventional satellite infrared sensors. The ESMR instrument made measurements from Dec. 11, 1972 until May 16, 1977.

This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00192 (old ID 72-097A-04C).

Tags: earth-science, microwave, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Uncertainty Management for Diagnostics and Prognostics of Batteries using Bayesian Techniques

Uncertainty management has always been the key hurdle faced by diagnostics and prognostics algorithms. A Bayesian treatment of this problem provides an elegant and theoretically sound approach to the modern Condition- Based Maintenance (CBM)/Prognostic Health Management (PHM) paradigm. The application of the Bayesian techniques to regression and classification in the form of Relevance Vector Machine (RVM), and to state estimation as in Particle Filters (PF), provides a powerful tool to integrate the diagnosis and prognosis of battery health. The RVM, which is a Bayesian treatment of the Support Vector Machine (SVM), is used for model identification, while the PF framework uses the learnt model, statistical estimates of noise and anticipated operational conditions to provide estimates of remaining useful life (RUL) in the form of a probability density function (PDF). This type of prognostics generates a significant value addition to the management of any operation involving electrical systems.1 2

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OCO-3 Level 1B calibrated, geolocated calibration spectra, Forward Processing V11 (OCO3_L1B_Calibration) at GES DISC

Version 11 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11.

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory -3 (OCO-3) was deployed to the International Space Station in May, 2019. It is technically a single instrument, almost identical to OCO-2.

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. 

The OCO-3 incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Their raw data numbers (DN) are delivered correlated in time to the Level 1B process as Level 1A products. Each band has 1016 spectralelements, although some are masked out in the L2 retrieval.

This L1B product results from calibration mode measurements (e.g., Lunar,Solar, Dark observations), and thus it differs from the OCO3_L1B_Science (L1bSc) product. The differences in the product formats are only in the geolocation information provided. Whereas the L1bSc products report geolocation data for each sounding, calibration products report the direction of the boresight vector.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-chemistry, earth-science, infrared-wavelengths, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ARC Code TI: CFD Utility Software Library

The CFD Utility Software Library consists of nearly 30 libraries of Fortran 90 and 77 subroutines and almost 100 applications built on those libraries. Many of the utilities apply to multiblock structured grids and flow solutions, but numerous other reusable modules in such categories as interpolation, optimization, quadrature, rapid searching, and character manipulation appear from several decades of software development in the Aerodynamics Division and Space Technology Division at NASA Ames Research Center.

Tags: application, cfd, code-ti, data, interpolation, library, optimization
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
AMSR-E/Aqua 5-Day L3 Global Snow Water Equivalent EASE-Grids V002

These Level-3 Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) data sets contain SWE data and quality assurance flags mapped to Northern and Southern Hemisphere 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grids (EASE-Grids).

Tags: cryosphere, earth-science, snow-ice, terrestrial-hydrosphere
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Block-GP: Scalable Gaussian Process Regression for Multimodal Data

Regression problems on massive data sets are ubiquitous in many application domains including the Internet, earth and space sciences, and finances. In many cases, regression algorithms such as linear regression or neural networks attempt to fit the target variable as a function of the input variables without regard to the underlying joint distribution of the variables. As a result, these global models are not sensitive to variations in the local structure of the input space. Several algorithms, including the mixture of experts model, classification and regression trees (CART), and others have been developed, motivated by the fact that a variability in the local distribution of inputs may be reflective of a significant change in the target variable. While these methods can handle the non-stationarity in the relationships to varying degrees, they are often not scalable and, therefore, not used in large scale data mining applications. In this paper we develop Block-GP, a Gaussian Process regression framework for multimodal data, that can be an order of magnitude more scalable than existing state-of-the-art nonlinear regression algorithms. The framework builds local Gaussian Processes on semantically meaningful partitions of the data and provides higher prediction accuracy than a single global model with very high confidence. The method relies on approximating the covariance matrix of the entire input space by smaller covariance matrices that can be modeled independently, and can therefore be parallelized for faster execution. Theoretical analysis and empirical studies on various synthetic and real data sets show high accuracy and scalability of Block-GP compared to existing nonlinear regression techniques.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GTOPO30 Hydro 1K

HYDRO1k is a geographic database developed to provide comprehensive and consistent global coverage of topographically derived data sets, including streams, drainage basins and ancillary layers derived from the USGS' 30 arc-second digital elevation model of the world (GTOPO30). HYDRO1k provides a suite of geo-referenced data sets, both raster and vector, which will be of value for all users who need to organize, evaluate, or process hydrologic information on a continental scale.

Tags: earth-science, erosion-sedimentation, geomorphic-landforms-processes, land-surface, land-use-land-cover, landscape, soils, surface-radiative-properties, topography
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Ground-Based Global Navigation Satellite System Data (30-second sampling, 24 hour files) from NASA CDDIS

GNSS provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage. GNSS data sets from ground receivers at the CDDIS consist primarily of the data from the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Russian GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS). Since 2011, the CDDIS GNSS archive includes data from other GNSS (Europe’s Galileo, China’s Beidou, Japan’s Quasi-Zenith Satellite System/QZSS, the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System/IRNSS, and worldwide Satellite Based Augmentation Systems/SBASs), which are similar to the U.S. GPS in terms of the satellite constellation, orbits, and signal structure. The daily GNSS observation files (un-compacted) contain one day of GPS or multi-GNSS observation (30-second sampling) data in RINEX format from a global permanent network of ground-based receivers, one file per site. More information about these data is available on the CDDIS website at https://cddis.nasa.gov/Data_and_Derived_Products/GNSS/daily_30second_data.html.

Tags: earth-science, geodetics, gravity-gravitational-field, solid-earth, tectonics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Anomica: Fast Support Vector Based Novelty Detection

In this paper we propose ν-Anomica, a novel anomaly detection technique that can be trained on huge data sets with much reduced running time compared to the benchmark one-class Support Vector Machines algorithm. In ν-Anomica, the idea is to train the machine such that it can provide a close approximation to the exact decision plane using fewer training points and without losing much of the generalization performance of the classical approach. We have tested the proposed algorithm on a
variety of continuous data sets under different conditions. We show that under all test conditions the developed procedure closely preserves the accuracy of standard oneclass Support Vector Machines while reducing both the training time and the test time by 5 − 20 times.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-3A OLCI Level-4 Global Binned Apparent Visible Wavelength (AVW) Data, version 2022.0

The Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) is the successor to ENVISAT's Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) having additional spectral channels, different camera arrangements and simplified on-board processing. The OLCI is a push-broom instrument with five camera modules sharing the field of view. The field of view of the five cameras is arranged in a fan-shaped configuration in the vertical plane, perpendicular to the platform velocity. Each camera has an individual field of view of 14.2° and a 0.6° overlap with its neighbors. The whole field of view is shifted across track by 12.6° away from the sun to minimize the impact of sun glint. OLCI is equipped with on-board calibration hardware based on sun diffusers. There are three sun diffusers--two 'white' diffusers dedicated to radiometric calibration and one dedicated to spectral calibration, with spectral reflectance features. The native resolution is approximately 300m, refered to as Full Resolution (FR). A Reduced Resolution (RR) processing mode provides Level-1B data at sampling rates decreased by a factor of four in both spatial dimensions resulting to resolution of approximately 1.2 km.

Tags: earth-science, spectral-engineering, visible-wavelengths
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
AMSR-E/AMSR2 Unified L3 Global 5-Day 25 km EASE-Grid Snow Water Equivalent V001

This AMSR-E/AMSR2 Unified Level-3 (L3) data set provides 5-day maximum estimates of Snow Water Equivalent (SWE). SWE was derived from brightness temperature measurements acquired by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) instrument on board the JAXA GCOM-W1 satellite. 

The SWE data is rendered to an azimuthal 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid) for both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere.

Note: This data set uses JAXA AMSR2 Level-1R (L1R) input brightness temperatures that are calibrated, or unified, across the JAXA AMSR-E and JAXA AMSR2 L1R products.

Tags: cryosphere, earth-science, snow-ice, terrestrial-hydrosphere
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA 3D Models: James Webb Space Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will be a large infrared telescope with a 6.5-meter primary mirror. The project is working to a 2018 launch date. The JWST will study every phase in the history of our Universe, ranging from the first luminous glows after the Big Bang, to the formation of solar systems capable of supporting life on planets like Earth, to the evolution of our own Solar System. Interact with this 3D model of the James Webb Space Telescope and to explore all the different parts of it at http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/webb3d/

Tags: 3d-model, fgs-niriss, jwst, miri, nircam, nirspec, satellite, spacecraft
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Third International Diagnostic Competition - DXC'11

We present the third implementation of a framework created jointly by NASA Ames Research Center, Palo Alto Research Center, and Delft University of Technology to compare and evaluate diagnosis algorithms (DAs). This year's competition, DXC'11, introduces a software track in addition to the industrial and synthetic tracks of previous competitions. A total of eleven DAs competed in the three tracks. The paper describes the systems, diagnostic problems of the tracks, fault scenarios, evaluation metrics, participating DAs, results and analysis.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
THIR/Nimbus-7 Images of Daytime and Nighttime Brightness Temperature on 70 mm Film V001 (THIRN7IM) at GES DISC

THIRN7IM is the Nimbus-7 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) data product consisting of daily montages of brightness temperatures measured at 6.7 and 11.5 microns. Each montage contains either a daytime or nighttime assembly of up to 14 individual swaths. Each swath corresponds to a distance approximately from pole to pole and a width from horizon to horizon. The ground resolution is 22.6 km for 6.7 microns and 8.2 km for 11.5 microns at nadir and decreases as the horizontal distance from the subsatellite track increases. Below each swath is information describing the orbit number, and the equator crossing longitude and time.

The THIR instrument was designed to detect emitted thermal radiation in both the 10.5 to 12.5 micron region (IR window) and the 6.5 to 7.0 micron region (water vapor). The window channel measured cloudtop temperatures day and night. The other channel operated primarily at night to map the water vapor distribution in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. The THIR experiment made measurements from Oct. 30, 1978 to May 9, 1985 when the instrument was turned off to conserve power. Additional information can be found in section 9 of "The Nimbus 7 User's Guide," and the "Nimbus 7 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Data User's Guide."

This product was previously available from the NSSDC as two products with the identifiers ESAD-00174 and ESAD-00239 (old ID 78-098A-10A and 78-098A-10B).

Tags: earth-science, infrared-wavelengths, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SWOT Level 1B High-Rate Single-look Complex Data Product, Version 2.0

High rate data processed to single-look complex SAR images for each antenna. Gridded tile (approx 64x64 km2); half swath (left or right side of full swath). Available in netCDF-4 file format.

Tags: earth-science, radar, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration