AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Tidal breathing flow-volume loops in bronchiolitis in infancy: the effect of albuterol [ISRCTN47364493]

Objectives
          To evaluate the effect of nebulized albuterol on tidal breathing flow-volume loops in infants with bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus.
        
        
          Design
          A randomized, double-blind, control study.
        
        
          Setting
          Pediatric unit in a community teaching hospital.
        
        
          Participants
          Twenty infants younger than 1 year of age (mean age, 5.8 ± 2.8 months) with a first episode of wheezing due to respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.
        
        
          Interventions
          Chloral hydrate (50 mg/kg) was administered orally for sedation. One dose each of nebulized albuterol (0.15 mg/kg in 3 ml saline) and saline (3 ml) were given at 6 hour intervals in a random order.
        
        
          Measurements
          Tidal breathing flow-volume loops were obtained before and after each aerosol treatment with a Neonatal/Pediatric Pulmonary Testing System (Model 2600; Sensor Medics, Anaheim, CA, USA). At the same time, the fraction of tidal volume exhaled at peak tidal expiratory flow (PTEF) to total tidal volume (VPTEF/VE), and the fraction of exhaled time at PTEF to total expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) were measured. The PTEF, the tidal expiratory flows at 10%, 25%, and 50% of the remaining tidal volume (TEF10, TEF25, and TEF50), and the wheeze score were also determined.
        
        
          Results
          There were no significant changes in VPTEF/VE and tPTEF/tE after albuterol or saline treatment. PTEF increased significantly both after albuterol and saline treatments but the difference between the two treatments was not significant (P = 0.6). Both TEF10 and the ratio of the tidal expiratory flow at 25% of the remaining tidal volume to PTEF (25/PT) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after administration of albuterol. All other investigated variables were not significantly affected by aerosol administration.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Nebulized albuterol in infants with mild bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus did not improve VPTEF/VE and tPTEF/tE but did decrease TEF10 and 25/PT.

Tags: albuterol-effectiveness, flow-volume-loops, infant-bronchiolitis, nih, rsv-bronchiolitis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Bootstrap, Bayesian probability and maximum likelihood mapping: exploring new tools for comparative genome analyses

Background
          Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) played an important role in shaping microbial genomes. In addition to genes under sporadic selection, HGT also affects housekeeping genes and those involved in information processing, even ribosomal RNA encoding genes. Here we describe tools that provide an assessment and graphic illustration of the mosaic nature of microbial genomes.
        
        
          Results
          We adapted the Maximum Likelihood (ML) mapping to the analyses of all detected quartets of orthologous genes found in four genomes. We have automated the assembly and analyses of these quartets of orthologs given the selection of four genomes. We compared the ML-mapping approach to more rigorous Bayesian probability and Bootstrap mapping techniques. The latter two approaches appear to be more conservative than the ML-mapping approach, but qualitatively all three approaches give equivalent results. All three tools were tested on mitochondrial genomes, which presumably were inherited as a single linkage group.
        
        
          Conclusions
          In some instances of interphylum relationships we find nearly equal numbers of quartets strongly supporting the three possible topologies. In contrast, our analyses of genome quartets containing the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. indicate that a large part of the cyanobacterial genome is related to that of low GC Gram positives. Other groups that had been suggested as sister groups to the cyanobacteria contain many fewer genes that group with the Synechocystis orthologs. Interdomain comparisons of genome quartets containing the archaeon Halobacterium sp. revealed that Halobacterium sp. shares more genes with Bacteria that live in the same environment than with Bacteria that are more closely related based on rRNA phylogeny . Many of these genes encode proteins involved in substrate transport and metabolism and in information storage and processing. The performed analyses demonstrate that relationships among prokaryotes cannot be accurately depicted by or inferred from the tree-like evolution of a core of rarely transferred genes; rather prokaryotic genomes are mosaics in which different parts have different evolutionary histories. Probability mapping is a valuable tool to explore the mosaic nature of genomes.

Tags: genome-analysis, genomics, horizontal-gene-transfer, nih, phylogenetic-analysis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
p53 in rheumatoid arthritis: friend or foe?

The knowledge of transcription factors and proto-oncogenes has			 influenced the understanding of cell regulation, cell
        cycle, and apoptotic cell death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)			 synovium. In addition, the development of normal synovial fibroblasts into			 transformed-appearing aggressive synovial fibroblasts may be triggered by the			 lack of antiproliferative factors, such as p53, p53-associated molecules, other			 tumor suppressors, as well as by upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes.			 Therefore, data derived from experiments such as those performed by Tak and			 colleagues in this issue of Arthritis Research not only enrich the			 intensive discussion addressing the impact of p53 on RA			 pathophysiology, they also may facilitate development of novel therapeutic			 approaches including p53-targeted gene therapy.

Tags: gene-therapy, nih, p53-protein, rheumatoid-arthritis, synovial-fibroblasts
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Louisiana 2016 Potential Areas for Addressing Service Gaps for Opioid Treatment

The purpose of the medication-assisted treatment (MAT) facility maps is to identify areas on a state-by-state basis that may be potentially underserved by existing treatment facilities. The maps are created with a methodology that seeks to include the highest potential need areas from individual counties so that county-level stakeholders are also informed. The maps are meant to be used as a tool for policy makers to determine potentially underserved areas—not as a definitive representation of these areas.

Tags: louisiana, mat-access, opioid-treatment, samhsa, service-gaps
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Helium-oxygen mixture does not improve gas exchange in mechanically ventilated children with bronchiolitis

Varying concentrations of helium-oxygen (heliox) mixtures were evaluated in mechanically ventilated children with bronchiolitis. We hypothesized that, with an increase in the helium:oxygen ratio, and therefore a decrease in gas density, ventilation and oxygenation would improve in children with bronchiolitis. Ten patients, aged 1-9 months, were mechanically ventilated in synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) mode with the following gas mixtures delivered at 15-min intervals: 50%/50% nitrogen/oxygen, 50%/50% heliox, 60%/40% heliox, 70%/30% heliox, and return to 50%/50% nitrogen/oxygen. The use of different heliox mixtures compared with 50%/50% nitrogen/oxygen in mechanically ventilated children with bronchiolitis did not result in a significant or noticeable decrease in ventilation or oxygenation.

Tags: bronchiolitis-ventilation, gas-exchange, heliox-therapy, nih, pediatric-respiratory
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2015 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Missouri

2015 Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Missouri. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: community-mental-health, mental-health-services, missouri, outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The effects of weather on fungal abundance and richness among 25 communities in the Intermountain West

Background
          Because moisture and temperature influence the growth of fungi, characterizing weather conditions favorable for fungi may be used to predict the abundance and richness of fungi in habitats with different climate conditions. To estimate habitat favorability to fungi, we examined the relationship of fungal abundance and species richness to various weather and environmental parameters in the Intermountain West. We cultured fungi from air and leaf surfaces, and collected continuous temperature and relative humidity measures over the growing season at 25 sites.
        
        
          Results
          Fungal richness was positively correlated with fungal abundance (r = 0.75). Measures of moisture availability, such as relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit, explained more of the variance in fungal abundance and richness than did temperature. Climate measurements from nearby weather stations were good predictors of fungal abundance and richness but not as good as weather measurements obtained in the field. Weather variables that took into account the proportion of time habitats experienced favorable or unfavorable relative humidity and temperatures were the best predictors, explaining up to 56% of the variation in fungal abundance and 72% for fungal richness.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Our results suggest that the abundance and richness of fungi in a habitat is limited by the duration of unfavorable weather conditions. Because fungal pathogens likely have similar abiotic requirements for growth as other fungi, characterizing weather conditions favorable for fungi also may be used to predict the selective pressures imposed by pathogenic fungi on plants in different habitats.

Tags: fungal-abundance, fungal-richness, intermountain-west, nih, weather-patterns
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Modulation of intracellular calcium and proliferative activity of invertebrate and vertebrate cells by ethylene

Background
          Ethylene is a widely distributed alkene product which is formed enzymatically (e.g., in plants) or by photochemical reactions (e.g., in the upper oceanic layers from dissolved organic carbon). This gaseous compound was recently found to induce in cells from the marine sponge Suberites domuncula, an increase in intracellular Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]i) and an upregulation of the expression of two genes, the potential ethylene-responsive gene, SDERR, and a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.
        
        
          Results
          Here we describe for the first time, that besides sponge cells, mammalian cell lines (mouse NIH-3T3 and human HeLa and SaOS-2 cells) respond to ethylene, generated by ethephon, with an immediate and strong, transient increase in [Ca2+]i level, as demonstrated using Fura-2 imaging method. A rise of [Ca2+]i level was also found following exposure to ethylene gas of cells kept under pressure (SaOS-2 cells). The upregulation of [Ca2+]i was associated with an increase in the level of the cell cycle-associated Ki-67 antigen. In addition, we show that the effect of ethephon addition to S. domuncula cells depends on the presence of calcium in the extracellular milieu.
        
        
          Conclusion
          The results presented in this paper indicate that ethylene, previously known to act as a mediator (hormone) in plants only, deserves also attention as a potential signaling molecule in higher vertebrates. Further studies are necessary to clarify the specificity and physiological significance of the effects induced by ethylene in mammalian cells.

Tags: cell-proliferation, ethylene-exposure, fura-2-imaging, intracellular-calcium, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2015 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Florida

2015 Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Florida. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: florida-mental-health, mental-health-services, noms-measures, samhsa, substance-abuse
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 527363: 18,22,26-Trimethyl-tritriacontyl cyanide

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 19,23,27-trimethyltetratriacontanenitrile. Molecular Formula: C37H73N. Molecular Weight: 532.0. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 528519: Hexadecane, 5-heptyl

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 8-butylnonadecane. Molecular Formula: C23H48. Molecular Weight: 324.6. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Influence of CSP 310 and CSP 310-like proteins from cereals on mitochondrial energetic activity and lipid peroxidation

Background
          The development of chilling and freezing injury symptoms in plants is known to frequently coincide with peroxidation of free fatty acids. Mitochondria are one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species during cold stress. Recently it has been suggested that uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation in mitochondria during oxidative stress can decrease ROS formation by mitochondrial respiratory chain generation. At the same time, it is known that plant uncoupling mitochondrial protein (PUMP) and other UCP-like proteins are not the only uncoupling system in plant mitochondria. All plants have cyanide-resistant oxidase (AOX) whose activation causes an uncoupling of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Recently it has been found that in cereals, cold stress protein CSP 310 exists, and that this causes uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation in mitochondria.
        
        
          Results
          We studied the effects of CSP 310-like native cytoplasmic proteins from a number of cereal species (winter rye, winter wheat, Elymus and maize) on the energetic activity of winter wheat mitochondria. This showed that only CSP 310 (cold shock protein with molecular weight 310 kD) caused a significant increase of non-phosphorylative respiration. CSP 310-like proteins of other cereals studied did not have any significant influence on mitochondrial energetic activity. It was found that among CSP 310-like proteins only CSP 310 had prooxidant activity. At the same time, Elymus CSP 310-like proteins have antioxidant activity. The study of an influence of infiltration by different plant uncoupling system activators (pyruvate, which activates AOX, and linoleic acid which is a substrate and activator for PUMP and CSP 310) showed that all of these decreased lipid peroxidation during cold stress.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Different influence of CSP 310-like proteins on mitochondrial energetic activity and lipid peroxidation presumably depend on the various subunit combinations in their composition. All the plant cell systems that caused an uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation in plant mitochondria can participate in plant defence from oxidative damage during cold stress.

Tags: cold-stress-proteins, lipid-peroxidation, mitochondrial-function, nih, reactive-oxygen-species
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
New functions for Cox-2 in health and disease: Report of "The		  Third International Workshop on Cox-2", Ka'upulehu, Kona, Hawaii,		  USA, 30 August to 2 September 1999

New functions for Cox-2 in health and disease: Report of "The		  Third International Workshop on Cox-2", Ka'upulehu, Kona, Hawaii,		  USA, 30 August to 2 September 1999

Tags: cox-2, cox-2-enzymes, inflammation-research, nih, prostaglandin-synthesis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
A short purification process for quantitative isolation of PrP

Background
          Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative diseases affecting both humans and animals. They are associated with post-translational conversion of the normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) into a heat- and protease-resistant abnormal isoform (PrPSc). Detection of PrPSc in individuals is widely utilized for the diagnosis of prion diseases.
        
        
          Methods
          TSE brain tissue samples have been processed in order to quantitatively isolate PrPSc. The protocol includes an initial homogenization, digestion with proteinase K and salt precipitation.
        
        
          Results
          Here we show that over 97 percent of the PrPSc present can be precipitated from infected brain material using this simple salting-out procedure for proteins. No chemically harsh conditions are used during the process in order to conserve the native quality of the isolated protein.
        
        
          Conclusion
          The resulting PrPSc-enriched preparation should provide a suitable substrate for analyzing the structure of the prion agent and for scavenging for other molecules with which it may associate. In comparison with most methods that exist today, the one described in this study is rapid, cost-effective and does not demand expensive laboratory equipment.

Tags: neurodegenerative-diseases, nih, prion-diseases, prpsc-isolation, tse-diagnosis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with fumaric acid esters

Background
          Granuloma annulare is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Various therapies have been tried in disseminated granuloma annulare (DGA), including corticosteroids, several variants of psoralen plus ultraviolet-A radiation, ultraviolet- A1 radiation, systemic retinoids, and dapsone, with variable success. We report a patient with recalcitrant DGA who was treated with fumaric acid esters (FAE).
        
        
          Case presentation
          A 40-year old Caucasian woman presented with a 25-year history of recalcitrant DGA. On both legs and the abdomen there were erythematous annular plaques. She was treated with FAE in tablet form using two formulations differing in strength (low strength tablets: 30 mg dimethylfumarate, 67 mg monoethylfumarate Ca salt, 5 mg monoethylfumarate Mg salt, 3 mg monoethylfumarate Zn salt; high strength tablets: 120 mg dimethylfumarate, 87 mg monoethylfumarate Ca salt, 5 mg monoethylfumarate Mg salt, 3 mg monoethylfumarate Zn salt). After three-month therapy, an almost complete clearance of skin lesions was achieved. With the exception of temporary lymphopenia, no adverse effects were observed. The patient remained in remission during a six-month follow up period.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Our observation has demonstrated that FAE is a potentially beneficial therapeutic option for patients with recalcitrant DGA. However controlled trials are necessary to fully explore the efficacy, optimal dosage, and safety of FAE in the management of DGA.

Tags: dermatologic-disease, fumaric-acid-esters, granuloma-annulare, nih, treatment-response
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2011 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Utah

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for 2011. The Uniform Reporting System (URS) is a state and national reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-program, community-mental-health, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2020 Methodological Summary and Definitions

Use this summary report to properly interpret 2020 NSDUH estimates of substance use and mental health issues. The report accompanies theannual detailed tablesand covers overall methodology, key definitions for measures and terms used in 2020 NSDUH reports and tables, and selected analyses of the measures and how they should be interpreted.The report is organized into six chapters:Introduction.Description of the survey, including information about the sample design, data collection procedures, and key aspects of data processing such as development of the analysis weights.Technical details on the statistical methods and measurement, such as suppression criteria for unreliable estimates, statistical testing procedures, issues around data accuracy, and measurement issues for selected substance use and mental health measures.Special topics related to prescription psychotherapeutic drugs.A comparison between NSDUH and other sources of data on substance use and mental health issues, including data sources for populations outside the NSDUH target population.A more in-depth view of special methodological issues for the 2020 NSDUH, including those related to methodological changes made because of the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic.An appendix covers key definitions used in NSDUH reports and tables.

Tags: data-definitions, mental-health, nsduh-methodology, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2014 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Massachusetts

2014 Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Massachusetts. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant, massachusetts, mental-health-services, outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2023 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table For Arizona

This is the 2023 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Arizona. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence-based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: arizona-mental-health, block-grant-data, mental-health-services, noms-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services