AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
SWOT Level 2 Nadir Altimeter Operational Geophysical Data Record with Waveforms, Version 2.0

The SWOT Level 2 Nadir Altimeter Operational Geophysical Data Record (OGDR) with Waveforms Version 1.0 dataset produced by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides sea surface height, significant wave height and wind speed measurements from the Poseidon-3C nadir altimeter, a Jason-class dual frequency (Ku/C) altimeter. SWOT is a joint mission between NASA and CNES that launched on December 16, 2022. It aims to measure ocean surface topography with unprecedented resolution and accuracy, as well as map inland water bodies globally.
The OGDR dataset consists of discrete measurements along the nadir track with sampling resolutions of approximately 6-km and 300-m at 1Hz and 20Hz, respectively. The data were processed using the onboard DORIS orbit ephemeris, with predicted values for certain auxiliary data and no GIM ionosphere model values. The OGDR data are distributed as one file per data downlink in netCDF-4 file format with a nominal latency of < 7 hours.

Tags: earth-science, ocean-waves, oceans, sea-surface-topography
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
CERES MODIS Cloud Retrievals in ISCCP-D2like Format Daytime Aqua FM4 Edition3A

CER_ISCCP-D2like-Day_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Edition3A is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Cloud Retrievals in International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP)-Day2-like Format Daytime Aqua Flight Model 4 (FM4) Edition 3A data product, which was collected using the CERES FM-4 and MODIS instruments on the Aqua platform. Data collection for this product is complete.

The Monthly Gridded Cloud Averages (ISCCP-D2like-Mrg) data products contain monthly and monthly 3-hourly (GMT-based) gridded regional mean cloud properties as a function of 18 cloud types, similar to the ISCCP D2 product, where the cloud properties are stratified by pressure, optical depth, and phase. The merged (Mrg) product combines daytime cloud properties from Terra-MODIS (10:30 AM local equator crossing time LECT), Aqua-MODIS (1:30 PM LECT), and geostationary satellites (GEO) to provide the most diurnally complete daytime ISCCP-D2like product. The GEO cloud properties have been normalized with MODIS for diurnal consistency. The CERES MODIS-derived cloud properties are not the official NASA MODIS cloud retrievals but are based on the CERES cloud working group retrievals that are also available in other CERES products. The CERES MODIS-derived cloud properties provide coverage from pole to pole. The 3-hourly GMT-based GEO cloud properties come from five satellites at 8 km nominal resolution with limited coverage. The GEO daytime cloud retrievals incorporate only a visible and IR channel common to all geostationary satellites for spatial consistency. The geostationary calibration is normalized to Terra-MODIS. Each ISCCP-D2like file covers a single month.

CERES is a key component of the Earth Observing System (EOS) program. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions are a follow-on to the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997 as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.

Tags: atmosphere, clouds, earth-science, infrared-wavelengths, national-geospatial-data-asset, ngda, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
IceBridge UAF L1B HF Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profiles V001

This data set contains radar echograms acquired by the University of Alaska Fairbanks High-Frequency Radar Sounder over select glaciers in Alaska. The data are provided in HDF5 formatted files, which include important metadata for interpreting the data. Browse images are also available.

Tags: earth-science, radar, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP)

The National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) acquires aerial imagery during the agricultural growing seasons in the continental U.S. A primary goal of the NAIP program is to make digital ortho photography available to governmental agencies and the public within a year of acquisition.
 
NAIP is administered by the USDA's Farm Service Agency (FSA) through the Aerial Photography Field Office in Salt Lake City. This "leaf-on" imagery is used as a base layer for GIS programs in FSA's County Service Centers, and is used to maintain the Common Land Unit (CLU) boundaries.

Tags: agricultural-engineering, agriculture, earth-science, forest-science, land-surface, surface-radiative-properties, topography
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
A Survey of Metrics for Performance Evaluation of Prognostics

Prognostics is an emerging concept in condition basedmaintenance(CBM)ofcriticalsystems.Alongwith developing the fundamentals of being able to confidently predict Remaining Useful Life (RUL), the technology calls for fielded applications as it inches towards maturation. This requires a stringent performance evaluation so that the significance of the concept can be fully exploited. Currently, prognostics concepts lack standard definitions and suffer from ambiguous and inconsistent interpretations. This lack of standards is in part due to the varied end-user requirements for different applications, time scales, available information, domain dynamics, etc. to name a few issues. Instead, the research community has used a variety of metrics based largely on convenience with respect to their respective requirements. Very little attention has been focused on establishing a common ground to compare different efforts. This paper surveys the metrics that are already used for prognostics in a variety of domains including medicine, nuclear, automotive, aerospace, and electronics. It also considers other domains that involve prediction-related tasks, such as weather and finance. Differences and similarities between these domains and health maintenancehave been analyzed to help understand what performance evaluation methods may or may not be borrowed. Further, these metrics have been categorized in several ways that may be useful in deciding upon a suitable subset for a specific application. Some important prognostic concepts have been defined using a notational framework that enables interpretation of different metrics coherently. Last, but not the least, a list of metrics has been suggested to assess critical aspects of RUL predictions before they are fielded in real applications.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM GROUND VALIDATION DUAL POLARIZATION RADIOMETER GCPEX V1

The GPM Ground Validation Dual Polarization Radiometer GCPEx dataset includes brightness temperature measurements at frequencies 90 GHz (not polarized) and 150 GHz (HV-polarized) for the GPM Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) which occurred in Ontario, Canada. GCPEx addressed shortcomings in the GPM snowfall retrieval algorithm by collecting microphysical properties, associated remote sensing observations, and coordinated model simulations of precipitating snow. This dual polarization radiometer (DPR) is sensitive to particle orientation since it observes the brightness temperature difference between the vertical and horizontal polarization channels at 150 GHz, and it is especially important for the retrievals of particle shape and orientation with polarization observations. DPR also has a high sensitivity to the supercooled liquid water in clouds due to the high-frequency window channels. Even though the netCDF data has regular scans, the browse images are only shown at 30 and 150 degrees. Ancillary data was also captured for the internal calibration of the instrument.

Tags: earth-science, infrared-wavelengths, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OCO-2 Level 2 geolocated XCO2 retrieval results and algorithm diagnostic information V11.2 (OCO2_L2_Diagnostic) at GES DISC

Version 11.2 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11.2.

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. This collection encompass various data fields used for diagnostic and pre-processing, including aerosol optical depth, albedo, absorption coefficients, fluorescence, XCO2 uncertainties, averaging kernel, surface type, etc.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-chemistry, earth-science
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Prognostics of Power MOSFETs under Thermal Stress Accelerated Aging using Data-Driven and Model-Based Methodologies

An approach for predicting remaining useful life of power MOSFETs (metal oxide field effect transistor) devices has been developed. Power MOSFETs are semiconductor switching devices that are instrumental in electronics equipment such as those used in operation and control of modern aircraft and spacecraft. The MOSFETs examined here were aged under thermal overstress in a controlled experiment and continuous performance degradation data were collected from the accelerated aging experiment. Die- attach degradation was determined to be the primary failure mode. The collected run-to-failure data were analyzed and it was revealed that ON-state resistance increased as die-attach degraded under high thermal stresses. Results from finite element simulation analysis support the observations from the experimental data. Data-driven and model based prognostics algorithms were investigated where ON-state resistance was used as the primary precursor of failure feature. A Gaussian process regression algorithm was explored as an example for a data-driven technique and an extended Kalman filter and a particle filter were used as examples for model-based techniques. Both methods were able to provide valid results. Prognostic performance metrics were employed to evaluate and compare the algorithms.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NOAA-20 VIIRS Level-3 Global Binned Triple-window Sea Surface Temperature (SST3) - Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2024.0

The Ocean Biology DAAC produces near real-time (quicklook) products using the best-available combination of ancillary data from meteorological and ozone data. As such, the inputs and the calibration used are less than optimal. Quicklook products provide a snapshot of the data during a short time period within a single orbit.

Tags: earth-science, ocean-temperature, oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
HIRENASD FEM wing only HEX20

The finite element model being used by the AePW is based on the model provided at 
[**HIRENASD website**](https://heinrich.lufmech.rwth-aachen.de/index.php?lang=en&pg=home)

The NASTRAN FEM's using HEXA solid elements and identified as "structured"(str) is the one that will be used.  Another exists which uses TETRA elements and is labeled "unstructured"(unstr).  The original FEM's as provided on the website had different coordinate systems and are in different units. 
<LI> str = mm 
<LI> unstructured = meters

The coordinate systems for each of the FEM are different also.  To facilitate use both FEM's were modified so that the x direction is in the flow direction, y - is out the wing and z is goes from lower surface to upper surface of the wing and the models are in meters. 

Mode shapes and frequencies were calculated with both FEM's and a frequency comparison is provided.  The only model NASA has used is the "str" model.   

Comparisons of the FEM as provided from HIRENASD website with as modified are <a href="https://c3.ndc.nasa.gov/dashlink/static/media/dataset/HIRENASD_coordinate_system_2.pdf">provided</a>

<TABLE>
<TR><TD>
<img src="https://c3.ndc.nasa.gov/dashlink/static/media/other/CoordinateSystem_StructuredFEM.jpg">
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
<img src="https://c3.ndc.nasa.gov/dashlink/static/media/other/CoordinateSystem_UnstructuredFEM.jpg">
</TD></TR></TABLE>

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sensor Validation using Bayesian Networks

One of NASA’s key mission requirements is robust state estimation.  Sensing, using a wide range of sensors and sensor fusion approaches, plays a central role in robust state estimation, and there is a need to diagnose sensor failure as well as component failure.   Sensor validation techniques address this problem: given a vector of sensor readings, decide whether sensors have failed, therefore producing bad data.  We take in this paper a probabilistic approach, using Bayesian networks, to diagnosis and sensor validation, and investigate several relevant but slightly different Bayesian network queries. We emphasize that on-board inference can be performed on a compiled model, giving fast and predictable execution times. Our results are illustrated using an electrical power system, and we show that a Bayesian network with over 400 nodes can be compiled into an arithmetic circuit that can correctly answer queries in less than 500 microseconds on average.

Reference:

O. J. Mengshoel, A. Darwiche, and S. Uckun, "Sensor Validation using Bayesian Networks." In Proc. of the 9th International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Automation in Space (iSAIRAS-08), Los Angeles, CA, 2008.

BibTex Reference:

@inproceedings{mengshoel08sensor,
  author    = {Mengshoel, O. J. and Darwiche, A. and Uckun, S.},
  title     = {Sensor Validation using {Bayesian} Networks},
  booktitle     = {Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Automation in Space (iSAIRAS-08)},
  year      = {2008}
}

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
TRMM Ground Validation Radar Site 3D Reflectivity L2 1 hour V7 (TRMM_2A55) at GES DISC

'Radar Site 3-D Reflectivities', is composed of 3 different fields. The first field has an array of 3-D reflectivities in Cartesian coordinates with a 2 km horizontal resolution over an area of 300 km x 300 km for single radar sites, and 724 km x 568 km for Texas multiple radar site, 512 km x 704 km for Florida multiple radar site. It has a vertical resolution of 1.5km and a height range up to 19.5 km. The second field has an array of vertical profiles based on the first field, and the third field has an array of the Contoured Frequency by Altitude Diagram (CFAD) data based on the first and second field. 

A key component of the TRMM project is the Ground Validation (GV) effort which consists of collecting data from ground-based radar, rain gauges and disdrometers. The data is quality-controlled, and then validation products are produced for comparison with TRMM satellite products.

The four primary GV sites are:

+ Darwin, Australia; 
+ Houston, Texas; 
+ Kwajalein, Republic of the Marshall Islands;
+ Melbourne, Florida. 

A significant effort is also being supported at NASA Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) and vicinity to provide high quality, long-term measurements of rain rates (via a network of rain gauges collocated with National Weather Service gauges), as well as drop size distributions (DSD) using a variety of instruments, including impact-type Joss Waldvogel, laser-optical Parsivel, as well as two-dimensional video disdrometers.  DSD measurements are also being collected at Melbourne and Kwajalein using Joss-Waldvogel disdrometers.

Tags: atmosphere, earth-science, precipitation, radar, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SWOT Level 2 Lake Single-Pass Vector Data Product, Version 2.0

The SWOT Level 2 Lake Single-Pass Vector Data Product from the Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides water surface elevation, area, storage change derived from the high rate (HR) data stream from the Ka-band Radar Interferometer (KaRIn). SWOT launched on December 16, 2022 from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California into a 1-day repeat orbit for the "calibration" or "fast-sampling" phase of the mission, which completed in early July 2023. After the calibration phase, SWOT entered a 21-day repeat orbit in August 2023 to start the "science" phase of the mission, which is expected to continue through 2025. <br>
Water surface elevation, area, and storage change are provided in three feature datasets covering the full swath for each continent-pass: 1) an observation-oriented feature dataset of lakes identified in the prior lake database (PLD), 2) a PLD-oriented feature dataset of lakes identified in the PLD, and 3) a feature dataset containing unassigned features (i.e., not identified in PLD nor prior river database (PRD)).  These data are generally produced for inland and coastal hydrology surfaces, as controlled by the reloadable KaRIn HR mask. The dataset is distributed in ESRI Shapefile format. <br>
This dataset is the parent collection to the following sub-collections: <br>
https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SWOT_L2_HR_LakeSP_obs_2.0 <br>
https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SWOT_L2_HR_LakeSP_prior_2.0 <br>
https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SWOT_L2_HR_LakeSP_unassigned_2.0 <br>

Tags: earth-science, surface-water, terrestrial-hydrosphere
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
UARS Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) Level 3AT V019 (UARHA3AT) at GES DISC

The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) Level 3AT data product consists of daily vertical profiles of temperature, aerosol extinction and concentrations of HCl, HF, CH4, NO by gas filter correlation radiometry and H2O, NO2, O3 by broadband filter radiometry. The instrument measured atmospheric infrared absorption at wavelengths from 2.43 to 10.25 microns. HALOE was flown on NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) to investigate upper atmosphere chemistry, dynamics and radiative processes, particlarly stratospheric ozone destruction and chlorofluromethane impact on ozone. HALOE is a solar occultation experiment which typically views 15 sunrise and sunset events each day. Limb measurements were made in the altitude range between 15 km and 60 - 130 km (depending on channel) with about 2.5 km resolution. For a given day, the profiles were in two distinct latitude bands, for the sunset and sunrise events. Coverage across the full range of latitudes between 80S and 80N was achieved on a time period ranging from about two to six weeks, depending on the time of year. The HALOE Level 3AT data were processed with the version 19 algorithm.

The HALOE level 3AT product consists of 13 granules per day. A data granule is one HALOE species or subtype per day. HALOE data are on the UARS standard pressure levels (in mbars) given by:

P(i) =  1000 * 10**(-i/6)  for i = 0, 1, 2, ... 54

Each of the 13 HALOE granules is accompanied by 2 additional parameter files, designated as level 3TP. The first parameter file, subtype LAT, contains the latitude values for each pressure level of each event for the day. The second parameter file, subtype LON, contains the longitude values. The level 3AT files only contain the latitude/longitude location corresponding to the 30 km retrieval point. The data files are available in a binary record oriented format.

Tags: aerosols, atmosphere, atmospheric-chemistry, atmospheric-temperature, atmospheric-water-vapor, earth-science
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Suomi-NPP VIIRS Level-3 Global Binned 11µm Daytime Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Data, version R2016.2

The Visible and Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is a multi-disciplinary instrument that is being flown on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) series of spacecraft, including the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) that launched in October 2011. JPSS is a multi-platform, multi-agency program that consolidates the polar orbiting spacecraft of NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). S-NPP is the initial spacecraft in this series, and VIIRS is the successor to MODIS for Earth science data product generation. VIIRS has 22 spectral bands ranging from 412 nm to 12 nm. There are 16 moderate-resolution bands (750m at nadir), 5 image-resolution bands (375m), and one day-night band (DNB).

Tags: earth-science, ocean-temperature, oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM Ground Validation NOAA X-band Polarimetric Radar (NOXP) IPHEx V1

The GPM Ground Validation NOAA X-band dual-Polarimetric radar (NOXP) IPHEx dataset consists of differential reflectivity, differential phase shift, co-polar cross correlation, radial Doppler velocity, spectrum width, signal index, melting layer index, reflectivity, drop size distribution, and rainfall rate observations, as well as other radar parameters, collected by NOXP mobile radar during the GPM Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) field campaign. The IPHEx field campaign occurred in the Southern Appalachians, spanning into the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of North Carolina. The NOXP radar, operated by the NOAA National Severe Storm Laboratory (NSSL), was positioned in the Pigeon River basin of the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina.  NOXP data are available in netCDF-3 format for dates between April 21, 2014 through June 15, 2014.  The dataset includes weather condition photos taken at the NOXP radar site in JPG format.

Tags: atmosphere, earth-science, precipitation, radar, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Monthly Historical Water Balance Products for the CONUS

This dataset provides daily historical Water Balance Model outputs from a Thornthwaite-type, single bucket model.  Climate inputs to the model are from GridMet daily temperature and precipitation for the Continental United States (CONUS). The Water Balance Model output variables include the following: Potential Evapotranspiration (PET, mm), Actual Evapotranspiration (AET, mm), Moisture Deficit (Deficit, mm), Soil Water (soilwater, mm), Runoff (mm), Rain (mm), and Accumulated Snow Water Equivalent (accumswe, mm). The dataset covers the period from January 1 to December 31 for years 1980 through 2023 for the CONUS. Water Balance Model variables are provided as individual files, by variable and year, at a 1 km x 1 km spatial resolution and a daily temporal resolution. Data are in a North America Lambert Conformal Conic projection and are distributed in a standardized Climate and Forecast (CF)-compliant NetCDF file format.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-water-vapor, earth-science, land-surface, precipitation, soils, surface-water, terrestrial-hydrosphere
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration