AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
LBA-ECO LC-07 Aquatic Marcophyte Biomass, Monte Alegre Lake, Para, Brazil: 2003-2004

This data set reports measurements of aquatic macrophyte biomass, phenology, leaf characteristics, and length and diameter of stems of both submerged and unsubmerged macrophytes. Data were collected from sites in the Monte Alegre Lake region on the eastern Amazon River floodplain in Para, Brazil. Ten field surveys were made at approximately monthly intervals from December 2003 to November 2004. There is one comma-delimited data file with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-freshwater-ecosystems-rivers-stream, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-04 IBIS Model Simulations for the Amazon and Tocantins Basins: 1921-1998

The provided data were generated by the Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS) terrestrial ecosystem model (Foley et al. 1996, Kucharik et al. 2000) using data from the CRU05 climate record for the years 1921-1998 (New et al. 2000). Data are included for the annual net ecosystem exchange of the surface, microbial respiration, root respiration, total soil respiration, soil moisture, leaf area index, drainage, and surface and subsurface runoff, for the entire Amazon and Tocantins basins. The data files are provided in netCDF format and standard ESRI ARCGIS ARC/INFO ASCIIGRID format. The netCDF files consist of either annual or monthly means from 1921 to 1998. The ASCII files are available only for the annual mean files.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-biogeochemical-cycles, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-primary-production, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-fire-ecology-fire-occurrence
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-04 Macrohydrological Routing Data for the Amazon and Tocantins River Basin

This data set provides continental-scale hydrological river flow routing parameter data for the Amazon and Tocantins River basins at 5 minute (~9 km) resolution (Costa et al., 2002). The data set includes four geospatial data files (in standard ESRI Arc/Info ASCII Grid format): (1) the river network (flow direction); (2) sinuosity of each of the main rivers, measured at 111 river sections in the basins; (3) depth to the water table; and (4) transmissivity of the aquifer. The latter two parameters were derived from measurements taken at 81 wells located throughout the basins. There is also a compressed file (*.zip) which contains the time series of monthly mean river discharge and long-term climatology (monthly mean) for the period of record at each of 122 fluviometric stations located throughout the basin. These files are provided in ASCII common-separated (.csv) format. Also included in this data set are two data files in *.csv format; one containing river discharge station location and drainage area information and one containing original well data.

Tags: earth-science-ground-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-ground-water-features-aquifers, earth-science-ground-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-ground-water-features-water-table, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-features-rivers-streams, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements-discha
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-08 Ecosystem Demography Model Estimated C, NPP, and Biomass For Amazonia

This data set provides Ecosystem Demography Model (ED) estimates of potential above-ground net primary production (NPP) (kg C/m2/y), potential average live biomass (kg C/m2), and potential average soil carbon (kg C/m2) for the Brazilian Amazon at 1 degree resolution. Ecosystem Demography Model predicts both ecosystem structure (e.g. above and below-ground biomass, vegetation height and basal area, and soil carbon stocks) and corresponding ecosystem fluxes (e.g. NPP, NEP, and evapotranspiration) from climate, soil, and land-use inputs. Estimates for the Brazilian Amazon include the effects of natural disturbances such as windthrow and fire, but do not include the effects of human land use. To produce these estimates, ED was forced with ISLSCP I data for 1987 and 1988 and averaged into a single average year (Moorcroft et al., 2001). The data are provided for the three estimates in both ASCII text and in NetCDF formatted files.

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-primary-production, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-carbon
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-04 Satellite/Census-Based 5-Minute Land Use Data, Amazonia: 1980 and 1995

Amazonia has been under considerable development pressure as croplands and pasture are established in areas formerly occupied by tropical forest and cerrado. Although this region is an important part of several important planetary biogeochemical cycles, the location and impact of human land use are not well understood. In particular, there is no existing satellite-based map of agriculture across the Amazon or Tocantins river drainage basins. Recent efforts have classified land cover across this vast region, although they disagree on the location and amount of cropland and do not directly address pasture, a land use that has grown in importance in the last 2 decades. Here we present an analysis of land cover and land use practices over the Amazon and Tocantins basins of South America. In this study, we demonstrate how satellite imagery and agricultural censuses can be merged in order to provide a geographically explicit, fine- scale description of land cover and land use practices. The result depicts the fraction of each 5-min (9 x 9 km) grid cell that was devoted to agricultural activity during the mid-1990s. The resultant map retains many of the characteristics of the agricultural census data, but with a much finer spatial resolution. During the mid-1990s, cultivated area is estimated to have been 1.7 x 10(7) ha (2.5% of the basin), natural pasture is estimated at 3.3 x 10(7) ha (4.9% of the basin), and planted pasture is estimated to cover 3.3 x 10(7) ha (4.9% of the basin). Perhaps more important than the quantities, however, is that these data sets provide a new blend of ground- based and satellite-based spatially explicit data. This snapshot can be used as a basis to project either forward or backward in time, as a new check of finer scale land use classifications or as a driver of ecosystem models.

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-08 Soil, Vegetation, and Land Cover Maps for Brazil and South America

This data set provides (1) soil maps for Brazil that are digital versions of the MAPA DE SOLOS DO BRASIL (EMBRAPA, 1981) classified at three levels of detail, 19-class, 70-class and 249-class; (2) vegetation maps for Brazil that are digital versions of the MAPA DE VEGETACAO DO BRASIL (IBGE, 1988) classified at three levels of detail, 13-class, 59-class, and an overprint (combination) class; and (3) a land cover map for all of South America that was derived from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data over the time period 1987 through 1991 (Stone et al., 1994). The seven soil, vegetation, and general land cover classification maps are provided as GeoTIFF files (*.tif) files. There are also three companion files (.pdf), one each, for the soil, vegetation, and land cover maps, with information on map units, class values, codes, and descriptions.

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-classification, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-09 Daily Precipitation for Altamira and Santarem, Para, Brazil: 1961-1998

This data set reports daily total precipitation data retrieved from Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) network for three stations near two Amazonian research sites: Altamira, and Santarem, from 1961-1998. Daily precipitation totals are provided in one comma-separated ASCII file for three stations in Para, including two sites in Altamira: Altamira City and on the Transamazon Highway at Km 100 near Medicilandia (operated by EMBRAPA); and, one site in Santarem: Taperinha. Data availability varies by station (sublocation): Altamira City from 1961-1990, Transamazon Km 100 from 1982-1998, and Taperinha from 1983-1992.

Tags: earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MASAM2: Daily 4 km Arctic Sea Ice Concentration, Version 2

The MASIE-AMSR2 (MASAM2) daily 4 km sea ice concentration is a product that is a blend of two other daily sea ice data products: ice coverage from the Multisensor Analyzed Sea Ice Extent (MASIE) product at a 4 km grid cell size and ice concentration from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) at a 10 km grid cell size. MASAM2 was developed to meet a need for greater accuracy and higher resolution in ice concentration fields that are used to initialize an operational sea ice forecast model. By applying some simple rules to blend the two sources, a 4 km concentration product is produced that can be used in the model.

Tags: earth-science-sea-ice-cryosphere-sea-ice-concentration
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-07 Bathymetric Survey of Floodplain Lake, Lago Curuai, Para, Brazil: 2004

The bathymetry data provided represent a continuous surface of interpolated point measurements of depth values of Lago Curuai, an Amazon River floodplain lake, upstream from Santarem, Para, Brazil, from measurements made in June of 2004. The first product contains the actual depth values (in meters) of the interpolated continuous surface saved as real numbers in both ENVI and GeoTIFF formats. Also available is a color scaled depth GeoTIFF image which has an embedded color scale bar. This secondary file is meant only for viewing but has the unique advantage of being a GeoTIFF file. Therefore, this map can be a background image with other projected files of interest in the area. Data provided in this data set were used to develop a methodology for processing and applying high resolution bathymetric data acquired with a Lowrance-480M ecosounder in the Amazon floodplain. This research was supported by the addition of Landast/TM images for planning and executing the survey. 4600 km of transects were processed semi-automatically and integrated into a georeferenced database. A digital elevation model with 15 m horizontal resolution and 1 cm vertical resolution was generated for the floodplain. The changes in inundated area and volume of water on the floodplain were estimated. Regression models were constructed to predict flood area and water stored volume from water level. The results of this research show that water level and flooded area mapped from images are good enough for estimating water stored volume in the Lago Grande de Curuai (Barbosa et al., 2006).

Tags: earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-features-lakes-reservoirs, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-features-rivers-streams, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements-inunda
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-01 City, Community, and Road Maps, Northern Ecuadorian Amazon: 1990-2002

This data set contains the boundaries of the four major cities in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon, the locations of primary communities in the colonist settlement area, and the locations of the road network, circa 2002. This area in northeastern Ecuador, know as the northern Oriente of Ecuador, borders the Andes Mountains and contains the headwaters of the Amazon River. The road network was originally digitized from 1:50,000 scale topographic maps from 1990. The surface attributes for the majority of the roads have been updated based on later remote sensing and field observations from 1999 and 2002. There are three compressed (*.zip) files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-infrastructure-human-dimensions-cultural-features
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-21 Foliar Nutrients, Logged Areas, Tapajos Forest, Para, Brazil: 2003

This data set provides measurements for foliar nutrients from logging blocks in the Tapajos National Forest, Para Western Santarem, Brazil. Data are included for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K) concentrations. In March 2003 foliar samples were collected from the cover types remaining after selective logging in 2002: forest, tree-fall gaps, skids, roads, and deck areas. Fresh foliage was also collected in March 2003, from 192 upper canopy species at an intact forest site 17 km from the logging area. There are two data files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-soils-land-surface-calcium, earth-science-soils-land-surface-magnesium, earth-science-soils-land-surface-nitrogen, earth-science-soils-land-surface-phosphorus, earth-science-soils-land-surface-potassium, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-nutrients
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-13 GIS Coverages of Logged Areas, Tapajos Forest, Para, Brazil: 1996, 1998

We combined a detailed field study of canopy gap fraction with spectral mixture analysis of Landsat ETM+ satellite imagery to assess landscape and regional dynamics of canopy damage following selective logging in an eastern Amazon forest. Our field studies encompassed measurements of ground damage and canopy gap fractions along multitemporal sequences of post-harvest regrowth of 0.5-3.5 yr. Areas used to stage harvested logs prior to transport, called log decks, had the largest forest gap fractions, but their contribution to the landscape-level gap dynamics was minor. Tree falls were spatially the most extensive form of canopy damage following selective logging, but the canopy gap fractions resulting from them were small. Reduced-impact logging resulted in consistently less damage to the forest canopy than did conventional logging practices. This was true at the level of individual landscape strata such as roads, skids, and tree falls as well as at the area-integrated scale. A spectral mixture model was employed that utilizes bundles of field and image spectral reflectance measurements with a Monte Carlo analysis to estimate high spatial resolution (subpixel) cover of forest canopies, exposed nonphotosynthetic vegetation, and soils in the Landsat imagery. The method proved highly useful for quantifying forest canopy cover fraction in the log decks, roads, skids, tree fall, and intact forest areas, and it tracked caopy damage up to 3.5 yr post-harvest. Forest canopy cover fractions derived from satellite observations were highly and inversely correlated with field- and satellite-based measurements. A 450-km^2 study of gap fraction showed that approximately one-half of the canopy opening caused by logging is closed within one year of regrowth following timber harvests. This is the first regional-scale study utilizing field measurements, satellite observations, and models to quantify forest canopy damage and recovery following selective logging in the Amazon.

Tags: earth-science-habitat-conversion-fragmentation-human-dimensions-deforestation, earth-science-landscape-land-surface-landscape-patterns, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-15 SRTM30 Digital Elevation Model Data, Amazon Basin: 2000

This dataset provides a subset of the SRTM30 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) elevation and standard deviation data for the Amazon Basin. SRTM30 is a near-global digital elevation model (DEM) comprising a combination of data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), flown in February, 2000, and the earlier U.S. Geological Survey's GTOPO30 data set. The SRTM30 resolution is 30 arc-sec or about 1 km. In processing the SRTM data, to combine with GTOPO30, the data were resampled from 3 arc-sec to 30 arc-sec. Provided here are the mean elevation and the standard deviation (STD) of the data points used in the averaging. The STD is thus an indication of topographic roughness useful in some applications.

Tags: earth-science-topography-land-surface-terrain-elevation-digital-elevation-terrain-model-dem
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-10 Forest Litter Data for km 67 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest

This data set reports litter type and mass in the old-growth upland forest at the Para Western (Santarem) - km 67, Primary Forest Tower Site. This site is in the Tapajos National Forest located in north central Brazil. Measurements extend from July 2000 through June 2005.Litter collection began in July 2000 using 40 circular, mesh screen traps (0.43 m diameter, 0.156 m2) randomly located throughout the 19.75-ha tree-survey area (Rice et al., 2004). Approximately every 14 days, litter was collected, sorted, oven dried at 60 degrees C, and weighed. The litterfall from each trap was sorted into (1) leaves, (2) fruits and flowers, (3) wood , <2 cm diameter, and (4) miscellaneous. Data values reported are the mean and standard error of the 40 mass measurements of each of the litter components and the combined total, that have been converted to the reporting units of Mg/ha/yr.

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-litter-characteristics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-14 Root Biomass and Phenology, km 67 Site, Para, Brazil: 2001

This data set contains biomass estimates for coarse roots measured on the forest floor and measurements of fine root growth down to 2-m depth at the km 67 Rainfall Exclusion Experiment site, Tapajos National Forest, Brazil. The study site was part of a rainfall exclusion experiment that was conducted from 1999-2006 to develop an understanding of the physical processes driving the observed soil water dynamics at the site. All surface roots intersected along three 1000-m long x 1-m wide transects were identified to species, measured, and biomass calculated. The collections were made on January 26, 2001 during the experimental rain exclusion period. The fine root growth was measured from 0.5-m to 2-m depth with a rhizotron. The rhizotron tubes were inserted into deep soil pits in the control and treatment plots. Average root growth measurements are provided by depth interval on a monthly basis from July 25, 2000 to December 14, 2003. DATA QUALITY STATEMENT: The Data Center has determined that there are questions about the quality of the data reported in this data set. The data set has missing or incomplete data, metadata, or other documentation that diminishes the usability of the products. KNOWN PROBLEMS: There are discrepancies with the documentation, collection dates reported and collection method for fine roots utilizing rhizotrons.

Tags: earth-science-land-surface-agriculture-indicators-climate-indicators-vegetation-cover, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-rooting-depth, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-19 Soil and Vegetation Data for Cerrado and Forested Sites, Brazil: 2002

This data set provides measurements for soil physical and chemical properties, rooting depth and weight, leaf area index (LAI), plant area index (PAI), biomass, fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR), and ground-based reflectance measurements of soil and litter samples. The samples were collected from 23 areas within the Brazilian research sites of the Brasilia National Park (BNP) and Aguas Emnendadas Ecological Station (AE), Brasilia; Cangacu Research Center, Tocantins; and Tapajos National Forest, Para. The research areas were in the most intensely stressed areas in Brazil, with rapid and aggressive land use conversions in forested and cerrado-transition areas. These field measurements were conducted from June to July 2002. There are 61 comma-delimited (.csv) data files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-bulk-density, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-chemistry, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-temperature, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics-leaf-area-index-lai
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-21 Selective Logging Activity in the Brazilian Amazon: 1999-2002

This data set provides the results of analyses of Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images for selective logging activity in the Brazilian states of Para, Mato Gross, Rondonia, Roraima, and Acre over the years 1999 through 2001. Images were analyzed using the Carnegie Landsat Analysis System (CLAS) to detect and to quantify the amount of damage due to selective logging in the major timber-production states of the Brazilian Amazon. This approach provided automated image analysis using atmospheric modeling for detection of forest canopy openings, surface debris, and bare soil exposed by forest disturbances; and pattern-recognition techniques. CLAS provides detailed measurements of forest-canopy damage at a spatial resolution of 30 x 30m. Fifteen GeoTiff format files are included -- one for each of the three years from 1999-2001 for each of the five states. Each GeoTiff is a single band image where each pixel represents if logging activity was or was not detected. A zero (0) value indicates that no logging was detected, while a value of one (1) indicates that damage from logging was detected. The 15 GeoTiff (*.tif) files have been compressed into one *.zip file.

Tags: earth-science-habitat-conversion-fragmentation-human-dimensions-deforestation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-22 Field Validation of MODIS Deforestation Detection, Brazil, 2005

This data set contains field observations, corresponding GPS points, and point and polygons of deforested areas in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, for the period March 17-24,2005. Fieldwork was conducted in the regions surrounding Sinop, Mato Grosso, with specific emphasis on large clearings occurring in the Xingu Basin. The field campaign was designed to validate preliminary MODIS deforestation products designed to detect deforestation during the wet season. There are five data files with this data set: four shapefiles (.shp) and one comma-separated file (.csv).

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration