AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
California Mule Deer Pacific Migration Routes

The Pacific mule deer herd inhabits 353 square miles (mi2; 914 square kilometers [km2]) of public and private lands in Placer and El Dorado counties in California, including the Eldorado National Forest as well as private lands owned by Sierra Pacific Industry and Sacramento Municipal Utility District. During fall migration, Pacific mule deer move approximately 19 mi (30 km) to the foothills of the western Sierra Nevada Mountains, using stopovers in route to their summer range (figure XXX). U.S. Highway 50 and the Middle Fork American River bound the herd’s migration routes on the south and north, respectively. During winter, the migratory portion of the population intersperses with resident deer at lower elevations (2,296–2,953 ft [700–900 m]). 
The Pacific mule deer herd has been declining for decades because of several factors, including predation, recreation, poaching, disease, and fire suppression. Recent studies indicate a below-average adult survival rate of 77 percent for this herd (Merrell and others, 2023). In 2014, the King fire, a severe wildfire, burned 151 mi2 (390 km²) across much of the mid-elevational area between September and October. Plant succession following the fire modified the way mule deer use the area; does now remain in these recently-burned areas during winter months (Merrell and others, 2023).
These mapping layers show the location of the migration routes for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Pacific population in California. They were developed from 149 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 43 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 1-13 hours.

Tags: animal-behavior, biota, california, migration-organisms, migratory-species, placerville, united-states, usgs-6791751cd34ea6a4002bfa97
Organization: Department of the Interior
California Mule Deer Pacific Migration Stopovers

The Pacific mule deer herd inhabits 353 square miles (mi2; 914 square kilometers [km2]) of public and private lands in Placer and El Dorado counties in California, including the Eldorado National Forest as well as private lands owned by Sierra Pacific Industry and Sacramento Municipal Utility District. During fall migration, Pacific mule deer move approximately 19 mi (30 km) to the foothills of the western Sierra Nevada Mountains, using stopovers in route to their summer range (figure XXX). U.S. Highway 50 and the Middle Fork American River bound the herd’s migration routes on the south and north, respectively. During winter, the migratory portion of the population intersperses with resident deer at lower elevations (2,296–2,953 ft [700–900 m]). 
The Pacific mule deer herd has been declining for decades because of several factors, including predation, recreation, poaching, disease, and fire suppression. Recent studies indicate a below-average adult survival rate of 77 percent for this herd (Merrell and others, 2023). In 2014, the King fire, a severe wildfire, burned 151 mi2 (390 km²) across much of the mid-elevational area between September and October. Plant succession following the fire modified the way mule deer use the area; does now remain in these recently-burned areas during winter months (Merrell and others, 2023).
These mapping layers show the location of the migration stopovers for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Pacific population in California. They were developed from 149 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 43 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 1-13 hours.

Tags: animal-behavior, biota, california, migration-organisms, migratory-species, placerville, united-states, usgs-67917529d34ea6a4002bfa99
Organization: Department of the Interior
California Mule Deer Pacific Winter Ranges

The Pacific mule deer herd inhabits 353 square miles (mi2; 914 square kilometers [km2]) of public and private lands in Placer and El Dorado counties in California, including the Eldorado National Forest as well as private lands owned by Sierra Pacific Industry and Sacramento Municipal Utility District. During fall migration, Pacific mule deer move approximately 19 mi (30 km) to the foothills of the western Sierra Nevada Mountains, using stopovers in route to their summer range (figure XXX). U.S. Highway 50 and the Middle Fork American River bound the herd’s migration routes on the south and north, respectively. During winter, the migratory portion of the population intersperses with resident deer at lower elevations (2,296–2,953 ft [700–900 m]). 
The Pacific mule deer herd has been declining for decades because of several factors, including predation, recreation, poaching, disease, and fire suppression. Recent studies indicate a below-average adult survival rate of 77 percent for this herd (Merrell and others, 2023). In 2014, the King fire, a severe wildfire, burned 151 mi2 (390 km²) across much of the mid-elevational area between September and October. Plant succession following the fire modified the way mule deer use the area; does now remain in these recently-burned areas during winter months (Merrell and others, 2023).
These mapping layers show the location of the winter ranges for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Pacific population in California. They were developed from 54 winter sequences collected from a sample size of 32 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 1-13 hours.

Tags: animal-behavior, biota, california, migration-organisms, migratory-species, placerville, united-states, usgs-67917532d34ea6a4002bfa9b
Organization: Department of the Interior
California Pronghorn Bodie-Wassuk Annual Ranges

The Bodie-Wassuk pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) herd contains migrants, but this herd does not migrate between traditional summer and winter seasonal ranges. Therefore, annual ranges were modeled using year-round data to demarcate high use areas instead of modeling the specific winter ranges commonly seen in other ungulate analyses in California (for example, see the “Casa Diablo Mule Deer” section of this report). Though the Bodie-Wassuk pronghorn aren’t traditional migrants, much of the herd displays a somewhat nomadic migratory tendency, moving between the Bodie Hills east of U.S. Highway 395 in California to a basin west of the Wassuk Range between Aurora Crater and Corey Peak in Nevada. A few collared individuals moved as far north as the Gray Hills, staying west of the Wassuk Range, and one collared individual moved as far south as the Alkali Valley. This herd prefers low sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula) habitat followed by big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities. Pronghorn were reintroduced just north of Mono Lake beginning in the 1940s as well as to the Adobe Valley in the 1980s, but low fawn recruitment due to marginal habitat quality, a lack of permanent water availability, abundant wildlife exclusion fencing, and the expansion of pinyon-juniper woodlands and invasive cheat-grass (Bromus tectorum) into preferred native shrub and forb habitats has prevented population growth. The current estimate is stable at &lt;150 animals (Taylor, 2011). Additional conservation concerns for the herd include human activities, such as off-highway vehicle use and proposed mining, as well as an increasing wild horse population.
These mapping layers show the location of the annual range for pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in the Bodie-Wassuk population in California. They were developed from 21 annual sequences collected from a sample size of 17 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 4 hours.

Tags: animal-behavior, biota, bridgeport, california, migration-organisms, migratory-species, united-states, usgs-67917540d34ea6a4002bfa9d
Organization: Department of the Interior
California Pronghorn Bodie-Wassuk Migration Corridors

The Bodie-Wassuk pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) herd contains migrants, but this herd does not migrate between traditional summer and winter seasonal ranges. Therefore, annual ranges were modeled using year-round data to demarcate high use areas instead of modeling the specific winter ranges commonly seen in other ungulate analyses in California (for example, see the “Casa Diablo Mule Deer” section of this report). Though the Bodie-Wassuk pronghorn aren’t traditional migrants, much of the herd displays a somewhat nomadic migratory tendency, moving between the Bodie Hills east of U.S. Highway 395 in California to a basin west of the Wassuk Range between Aurora Crater and Corey Peak in Nevada. A few collared individuals moved as far north as the Gray Hills, staying west of the Wassuk Range, and one collared individual moved as far south as the Alkali Valley. This herd prefers low sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula) habitat followed by big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities. Pronghorn were reintroduced just north of Mono Lake beginning in the 1940s as well as to the Adobe Valley in the 1980s, but low fawn recruitment due to marginal habitat quality, a lack of permanent water availability, abundant wildlife exclusion fencing, and the expansion of pinyon-juniper woodlands and invasive cheat-grass (Bromus tectorum) into preferred native shrub and forb habitats has prevented population growth. The current estimate is stable at &lt;150 animals (Taylor, 2011). Additional conservation concerns for the herd include human activities, such as off-highway vehicle use and proposed mining, as well as an increasing wild horse population.
These mapping layers show the location of the migration corridors for pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in the Bodie-Wassuk population in California. They were developed from 102 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 18 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 4 hours.

Tags: animal-behavior, biota, bridgeport, california, migration-organisms, migratory-species, united-states, usgs-67917553d34ea6a4002bfaa1
Organization: Department of the Interior
California Pronghorn Bodie-Wassuk Migration Routes

The Bodie-Wassuk pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) herd contains migrants, but this herd does not migrate between traditional summer and winter seasonal ranges. Therefore, annual ranges were modeled using year-round data to demarcate high use areas instead of modeling the specific winter ranges commonly seen in other ungulate analyses in California (for example, see the “Casa Diablo Mule Deer” section of this report). Though the Bodie-Wassuk pronghorn aren’t traditional migrants, much of the herd displays a somewhat nomadic migratory tendency, moving between the Bodie Hills east of U.S. Highway 395 in California to a basin west of the Wassuk Range between Aurora Crater and Corey Peak in Nevada. A few collared individuals moved as far north as the Gray Hills, staying west of the Wassuk Range, and one collared individual moved as far south as the Alkali Valley. This herd prefers low sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula) habitat followed by big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities. Pronghorn were reintroduced just north of Mono Lake beginning in the 1940s as well as to the Adobe Valley in the 1980s, but low fawn recruitment due to marginal habitat quality, a lack of permanent water availability, abundant wildlife exclusion fencing, and the expansion of pinyon-juniper woodlands and invasive cheat-grass (Bromus tectorum) into preferred native shrub and forb habitats has prevented population growth. The current estimate is stable at &lt;150 animals (Taylor, 2011). Additional conservation concerns for the herd include human activities, such as off-highway vehicle use and proposed mining, as well as an increasing wild horse population.
These mapping layers show the location of the migration routes for pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in the Bodie-Wassuk population in California. They were developed from 102 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 18 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 4 hours.

Tags: animal-behavior, biota, bridgeport, california, migration-organisms, migratory-species, united-states, usgs-67917558d34ea6a4002bfaa3
Organization: Department of the Interior
California Pronghorn Bodie-Wassuk Migration Stopovers

The Bodie-Wassuk pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) herd contains migrants, but this herd does not migrate between traditional summer and winter seasonal ranges. Therefore, annual ranges were modeled using year-round data to demarcate high use areas instead of modeling the specific winter ranges commonly seen in other ungulate analyses in California (for example, see the “Casa Diablo Mule Deer” section of this report). Though the Bodie-Wassuk pronghorn aren’t traditional migrants, much of the herd displays a somewhat nomadic migratory tendency, moving between the Bodie Hills east of U.S. Highway 395 in California to a basin west of the Wassuk Range between Aurora Crater and Corey Peak in Nevada. A few collared individuals moved as far north as the Gray Hills, staying west of the Wassuk Range, and one collared individual moved as far south as the Alkali Valley. This herd prefers low sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula) habitat followed by big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities. Pronghorn were reintroduced just north of Mono Lake beginning in the 1940s as well as to the Adobe Valley in the 1980s, but low fawn recruitment due to marginal habitat quality, a lack of permanent water availability, abundant wildlife exclusion fencing, and the expansion of pinyon-juniper woodlands and invasive cheat-grass (Bromus tectorum) into preferred native shrub and forb habitats has prevented population growth. The current estimate is stable at &lt;150 animals (Taylor, 2011). Additional conservation concerns for the herd include human activities, such as off-highway vehicle use and proposed mining, as well as an increasing wild horse population.
These mapping layers show the location of the migration stopovers for pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in the Bodie-Wassuk population in California. They were developed from 102 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 18 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 4 hours.

Tags: animal-behavior, biota, bridgeport, california, migration-organisms, migratory-species, united-states, usgs-6791755ed34ea6a4002bfaa5
Organization: Department of the Interior
Idaho and Nevada Elk Inside Desert Migration Routes

The Inside Desert elk herd comprises part of an Idaho–Nevada metapopulation that primarily uses winter ranges in Idaho and summer ranges in Nevada (fig. 37). Inside Desert elk migrate from their winter range near the confluence of the Bruneau River and Clover Creek in Idaho, following the western edge of the Inside Desert along the Bruneau and Jarbidge Rivers to their summer range in the Jarbidge Mountains of Nevada. The migration route for part of the Inside Desert elk herd is divided and generally follows Clover Creek to a summer range near Elk Mountain in Nevada. Elevations range from 4,390 ft (1,338 m) at Lookout Butte in Idaho, to 8,815 ft (2,687 m) at Elk Mountain, and to 9,502 ft (2,896 m) in the Jarbidge Mountains. Winter range comprises a patchy mosaic of intact native shrubland communities consisting of sagebrush, native bunchgrasses like Leymus cinereus (basin wildrye) and Festuca idahoensis (Idaho fescue), and past wildfire scars with extensive establishment of nonnative vegetation like cheatgrass and Brassica spp. (mustard). The summer range consists of high-elevation mountain brush communities including antelope bitterbrush, western serviceberry, snowbush, communities of quaking aspen, mountain-mahogany, and fir. Much of the high-elevation summer range is intact and considered some of the most productive elk habitat in Nevada. Apart from hunter harvest, adult survival is high for Inside Desert elk, and calf recruitment is usually higher than thresholds required for stable population growth (K. Huebner, Nevada Department of Wildlife, written commun., 2023).
These mapping layers show the location of the migration routes for elk (Cervus canadensis) in the Inside Desert population in Idaho and Nevada. They were developed from 51 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 23 animals comprising GPS locations collected every ~ 8-12.5 hours.

Tags: animal-behavior, biota, idaho, migration-organisms, migratory-species, twin-falls, united-states, usgs-67917581d34ea6a4002bfaac
Organization: Department of the Interior
Idaho and Nevada Elk Inside Desert Stopovers

The Inside Desert elk herd comprises part of an Idaho–Nevada metapopulation that primarily uses winter ranges in Idaho and summer ranges in Nevada (fig. 37). Inside Desert elk migrate from their winter range near the confluence of the Bruneau River and Clover Creek in Idaho, following the western edge of the Inside Desert along the Bruneau and Jarbidge Rivers to their summer range in the Jarbidge Mountains of Nevada. The migration route for part of the Inside Desert elk herd is divided and generally follows Clover Creek to a summer range near Elk Mountain in Nevada. Elevations range from 4,390 ft (1,338 m) at Lookout Butte in Idaho, to 8,815 ft (2,687 m) at Elk Mountain, and to 9,502 ft (2,896 m) in the Jarbidge Mountains. Winter range comprises a patchy mosaic of intact native shrubland communities consisting of sagebrush, native bunchgrasses like Leymus cinereus (basin wildrye) and Festuca idahoensis (Idaho fescue), and past wildfire scars with extensive establishment of nonnative vegetation like cheatgrass and Brassica spp. (mustard). The summer range consists of high-elevation mountain brush communities including antelope bitterbrush, western serviceberry, snowbush, communities of quaking aspen, mountain-mahogany, and fir. Much of the high-elevation summer range is intact and considered some of the most productive elk habitat in Nevada. Apart from hunter harvest, adult survival is high for Inside Desert elk, and calf recruitment is usually higher than thresholds required for stable population growth (K. Huebner, Nevada Department of Wildlife, written commun., 2023).
These mapping layers show the location of the stopovers for elk (Cervus canadensis) in the Inside Desert population in Idaho and Nevada. They were developed from 51 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 23 animals comprising GPS locations collected every ~ 8-12.5 hours.

Tags: animal-behavior, biota, idaho, migration-organisms, migratory-species, twin-falls, united-states, usgs-67917587d34ea6a4002bfaae
Organization: Department of the Interior
Idaho and Nevada Elk Y P Desert Migration Routes

The Y P Desert elk herd comprises part of an Idaho-Nevada metapopulation that primarily uses a winter range in Idaho and a summer range in Nevada. Y P Desert elk follow an east-to-west migration along the South Fork Owyhee River onto the Y P Desert in Idaho and Nevada during the winter (fig. 38). In Nevada, migration routes for many ungulate herds follow mountain ranges from the north to the south. However, the neighboring Southern Owyhee Desert elk herd in Nevada (refer to the “Southern Owyhee Desert Elk” section in this report), which shares some summer range with Y P Desert elk, also follows a similar east-to-west migration. During the summer, the Y P Desert herd primarily inhabits the Bull Run Mountains of the northern Independence Mountains in Nevada. A large part of seasonal habitat and migration routes is within the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada. Elevations range from 4,307 ft (1,313 m) in South Fork Owyhee River canyon basins of Idaho, to the 9,108-ft (2,776-m) Pennsylvania Hill of the Bull Run Mountains in Nevada. Historically, summer habitats included Great Basin communities, where mixed shrublands consisting of sagebrush and Chrysothamnus spp. (rabbitbrush) dominate lower elevations and overlap at higher elevations with mountain brush species, such as antelope bitterbrush, western serviceberry, and snowbush. However, much of the upper elevation summer habitat burned in the South Sugarloaf fire in 2018. Slope may be the primary driver of post-fire recovery because many north-facing slopes are naturally returning to mountain brush communities, and south-facing slopes have primarily converted to a mix of native bunchgrasses and invasive annuals. These higher elevation communities also include quaking aspen, mountain-mahogany, fir, and pine, although large areas of the nonriparian forest species have not yet recovered post-fire. Like many ungulate winter ranges in western Elko County, wildfires also affect the Y P Desert, where cheatgrass, mustard, various Cirsium spp. (thistle) species, and medusahead rye have invaded priority habitat. However, large expanses of sagebrush and native bunch grasses, such as basin wildrye and Idaho fescue, remain on the landscape. Growth for this herd is limited by hunter harvest, which is currently guided by population objectives outlined in the “Western Elko County Elk Management Sub-Plan” (Western Elko County Elk Management Working Group, 2003).
These mapping layers show the location of the migration routes for elk (Cervus canadensis) in the Y P Desert population in Idaho and Nevada. They were developed from 59 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 15 animals comprising GPS locations collected every ~ 12.5 hours.

Tags: animal-behavior, biota, idaho, migration-organisms, migratory-species, mountain-home, united-states, usgs-6791758ed34ea6a4002bfab0
Organization: Department of the Interior
Idaho and Nevada Elk Y P Desert Stopovers

The Y P Desert elk herd comprises part of an Idaho-Nevada metapopulation that primarily uses a winter range in Idaho and a summer range in Nevada. Y P Desert elk follow an east-to-west migration along the South Fork Owyhee River onto the Y P Desert in Idaho and Nevada during the winter (fig. 38). In Nevada, migration routes for many ungulate herds follow mountain ranges from the north to the south. However, the neighboring Southern Owyhee Desert elk herd in Nevada (refer to the “Southern Owyhee Desert Elk” section in this report), which shares some summer range with Y P Desert elk, also follows a similar east-to-west migration. During the summer, the Y P Desert herd primarily inhabits the Bull Run Mountains of the northern Independence Mountains in Nevada. A large part of seasonal habitat and migration routes is within the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada. Elevations range from 4,307 ft (1,313 m) in South Fork Owyhee River canyon basins of Idaho, to the 9,108-ft (2,776-m) Pennsylvania Hill of the Bull Run Mountains in Nevada. Historically, summer habitats included Great Basin communities, where mixed shrublands consisting of sagebrush and Chrysothamnus spp. (rabbitbrush) dominate lower elevations and overlap at higher elevations with mountain brush species, such as antelope bitterbrush, western serviceberry, and snowbush. However, much of the upper elevation summer habitat burned in the South Sugarloaf fire in 2018. Slope may be the primary driver of post-fire recovery because many north-facing slopes are naturally returning to mountain brush communities, and south-facing slopes have primarily converted to a mix of native bunchgrasses and invasive annuals. These higher elevation communities also include quaking aspen, mountain-mahogany, fir, and pine, although large areas of the nonriparian forest species have not yet recovered post-fire. Like many ungulate winter ranges in western Elko County, wildfires also affect the Y P Desert, where cheatgrass, mustard, various Cirsium spp. (thistle) species, and medusahead rye have invaded priority habitat. However, large expanses of sagebrush and native bunch grasses, such as basin wildrye and Idaho fescue, remain on the landscape. Growth for this herd is limited by hunter harvest, which is currently guided by population objectives outlined in the “Western Elko County Elk Management Sub-Plan” (Western Elko County Elk Management Working Group, 2003).
These mapping layers show the location of the stopovers for elk (Cervus canadensis) in the Y P Desert population in Idaho and Nevada. They were developed from 59 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 15 animals comprising GPS locations collected every ~ 12.5 hours.

Tags: animal-behavior, biota, idaho, migration-organisms, migratory-species, mountain-home, united-states, usgs-67917592d34ea6a4002bfab2
Organization: Department of the Interior