AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional and proteomic response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to spaceflight conditions involves Hfq regulation and reveals a role for oxygen

This study describes the transcriptional response of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to low-Earth orbit environmental conditions. Our aim was to assess whether the microgravity environment of spaceflight could induce virulence traits in P. aeruginosa. To this end, P. aeruginosa cultures were grown in space, and the expression profile was compared with ground control samples (both in biological triplicate). Characterization of bacterial behavior in the microgravity environment of spaceflight is of importance towards risk assessment and prevention of infectious disease during long-term missions. Further, this research field unveils new insights into connections between low fluid-shear regions encountered by pathogens during their natural infection process in vivo, and bacterial virulence. This study is the first to characterize the global transcriptomic and proteomic response of an opportunistic pathogen that is actually found in the space habitat, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Overall, P. aeruginosa responded to spaceflight conditions through differential regulation of 167 genes and 28 proteins, with Hfq identified as a global transcriptional regulator in the response to this environment. Since Hfq was also induced in spaceflight-grown Salmonella typhimurium, Hfq represents the first spaceflight-induced regulator across the bacterial species border. The major P. aeruginosa virulence-related genes induced in spaceflight conditions were the lecA and lecB lectins and the rhamnosyltransferase (rhlA), involved in the production of rhamnolipids. The transcriptional response of spaceflight-grown P. aeruginosa was compared with our previous data of this organism grown in microgravity-analogue conditions using the rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor technology. Interesting similarities were observed, among others with regard to Hfq regulation and oxygen utilization. While LSMMG-grown P. aeruginosa mainly induced genes involved in microaerophilic metabolism, P. aeruginosa cultured in spaceflight adopted an anaerobic mode of growth, in which denitrification was presumably most prominent. Differences in hardware between spaceflight and LSMMG experiments, in combination with more pronounced low fluid shear and mixing in spaceflight when compared to LSMMG conditions, were hypothesized to be at the origin of these observations. Collectively, our data suggest that spaceflight conditions could induce the transition of P. aeruginosa from an opportunistic organism to potential pathogen, results that are of importance for infectious disease risk assessment and prevention, both during spaceflight missions and in the clinic.

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NGC 6231 XMM-Newton X-Ray Source Catalog

This table contains the results of an X-ray campaign towards the young open cluster NGC 6231. The XMM-Newton observations, of a total duration of ~ 180 ks, reveal that NGC 6231 is very rich in the X-ray domain too. Indeed, 610 X-ray sources were detected in the present field of view, centered on the colliding wind binary HD 152248 in the cluster core (RA, Dec J2000.0 of 16 54 10.06, -41 49 30.1). The limiting sensitivity of this survey is approximately 6 x 10^-15&lt;sup&gt;erg/s/cm&lt;/sup&gt;2 but clearly depends on the location in the field of view and on the source spectrum. Using different existing catalogs, over 85% of the X-ray sources could be associated with at least one optical and/or infrared counterpart within a limited cross-correlation radius of 2.5 or 3-arcsec according to the optical/IR catalog used. The surface density distribution of the X-ray sources presents a slight N-S elongation. Once corrected for the spatial sensitivity variation of the EPIC instruments, the radial profile of the source surface density is well described by a King profile with a central density of about 8 sources per arcmin&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and a core radius close to 3.1 arcminutes. The distribution of the X-ray sources seems closely related to the optical source distribution. The expected number of foreground and background sources should represent about 9% of the detected sources, thus strongly suggesting that most of the observed X-ray emitters are physically belonging to NGC 6231. Finally, beside a few bright but soft objects -- corresponding to the early-type stars of the cluster -- most of the sources are relatively faint (~5 x 10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; erg/s/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) with an energy distribution peaked around 1.0 - 2.0 keV. The catalog of the 610 X-ray sources detected in the 30&#39;-diameter field of view of XMM-Newton is presented here, including the equatorial coordinates, logarithmic likelihoods and count rates for the three EPIC instruments and for various energy ranges, as well as the cross-identification of the X-ray sources with various optical/infrared catalogs (2MASS, GSC2.2, USNO B1.0, SSB06) and their most commonly used names (HD/HDE, CD, CPD, Segg., SBL98, Braes), with only the closest identifications being reported here. This table was created by the HEASARC in March 2007 based on &lt;a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/A+A/454/1047"&gt;CDS catalog J/A+A/454/1047&lt;/a&gt; files table3.dat and table6.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Effects of microgravity on human iPSC-derived neural organoids on the International Space Station - cortical organoids

Research conducted on the International Space Station (ISS) in low-Earth orbit (LEO) has shown the effects of microgravity on multiple organs. To investigate the effects of microgravity on the central nervous system, we developed a unique organoid strategy for modeling specific regions of the brain that are affected by neurodegenerative diseases. We generated 3-dimensional human neural organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from individuals affected by primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) or Parkinson's disease (PD) and non-symptomatic controls, by differentiating them toward cortical and dopaminergic fates, respectively, and combined them with isogenic microglia. The organoids were cultured for a month using a novel sealed cryovial culture method on the International Space Station (ISS) and a parallel set that remained on Earth. Live samples were returned to Earth for analysis by RNA expression and histology and were attached to culture dishes to enable neurite outgrowth. Our results show that both cortical and dopaminergic organoids cultured in LEO had lower levels of genes associated with cell proliferation and higher levels of maturation-associated genes, suggesting that the cells matured more quickly in LEO. This study is continuing with several more missions in order to understand the mechanisms underlying accelerated maturation and to investigate other neurological diseases. Our goal is to make use of the opportunity to study neural cells in LEO to better understand and treat neurodegenerative disease on Earth and to help ameliorate potentially adverse neurological effects of space travel. This study hosts data from cortical organoids. Data for the dopaminergic organoids is available under OSD-871.

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ROSETTA-ORBITER/ROSETTA-LANDER CAL CONSERT 2 CVP2 V1.0

This archive contains edited data from the CONSERT instrument onboard ROSETTA Orbiter and Lander, acquired during the Commissioning 2 phase. It also contains documentation which describes the CONSERT experiment. The data archived in this data set conform to the Planetary Data System (PDS) Standards, Version 3.6. This data set supersedes RO/RL-CAL-CONSERT-2-CVP-V1.0.

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAGE IRAC Single Frame + Mosaic Photometry Archive

The Spitzer Space Telescope Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud Legacy Project Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE) traces the life cycle of observable matter that drives the evolution of a galaxy's appearance. SAGE has revealed over 6 million sources including ~150,000 evolved stars, ~50,000 young stellar objects and the diffuse interstellar medium with column densities > 1.2×1021 cm -2. The data will provide fundamental insights into the physical processes of the interstellar medium, the formation of new stars and the injection of mass by evolved stars and their relationships on the galaxy-wide scale of the Large Magellanic Cloud.\n\nIn comparison to the catalog, the archive has more source fluxes (fewer nulled wavelengths) and some more sources but these additions have more uncertainty associated with them. For the catalog, the S/N must be greater than [6, 6, 6, 10] for IRAC bands [3.6um], [4.5um], [5.8um] and [8.0um] for the flux to appear in the corresponding wavelength column. Whereas for the archive, the S/N must be greater than [5, 5, 5, 5] for IRAC bands [3.6um], [4.5um], [5.8um] and [8.0um]. For the catalog, sources with neighbors within a 2" radius are excluded (culled). For the archive, sources within a 0.5" radius are excluded. The difference in criteria for the catalog and archive creation is more complex and described in Section 5.2 of the SAGE Data Delivery Document.

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ROSETTA-ORBITER 67P RSI 1/2/3 COMET ESCORT 3 0979 V1.0

This is a Rosetta Radio Science data set, collected during the COMET ESCORT 3 phase 2015-07-01 to 2015-10-21. It is a Global Gravity measurement at the comet 67P and covers the time 2015-08-22T10:13:15.000 to 2015-08-22T17:27:03.000.

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Extended Chandra Deep Field-South Optical and Near-IR Counterparts

This table contains the results of a program to acquire high-quality optical spectra of X-ray sources detected in the Extended-Chandra Deep Field-South (E-CDF-S) and its central 2 Ms area. New spectroscopic redshifts, up to z = 4, are measured for 283 counterparts to Chandra sources with deep exposures (t ~ 2-9 hr per pointing) using multi-slit facilities on both VLT (VIMOS) and Keck (DEIMOS), thus bringing the total number of spectroscopically identified X-ray sources to over 500 in this survey field. Since their new spectroscopic identifications are mainly associated with X-ray sources in the shallower 250 ks coverage, the authors provide a comprehensive catalog of X-ray sources detected in the E-CDF-S including the optical and near-infrared counterparts, determined by a likelihood routine, and redshifts (both spectroscopic and photometric), that incorporate published spectroscopic catalogs, thus resulting in a final sample with a high fraction (80%) of X-ray sources having secure identifications. The authors demonstrate the remarkable coverage of the luminosity-redshift plane now accessible from their data while emphasizing the detection of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that contribute to the faint end of the luminosity function (L&lt;sub&gt;0.5-8keV&lt;/sub&gt; ~ 10&lt;sup&gt;43&lt;/sup&gt; - 10&lt;sup&gt;44&lt;/sup&gt; erg s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) at 1.5 &lt;~ z &lt;~ 3, including those with and without broad emission lines. This redshift catalog includes 17 type-2 QSOs at 1 &lt;~ z &lt;~ 3.5 that significantly increases (doubles) such samples. Based on thei deepest (9 hr) VLT/VIMOS observation, the authors identify &quot;elusive&quot; optically faint galaxies (R&lt;sub&gt;mag&lt;/sub&gt; ~ 25) at z ~ 2 - 3 based upon the detection of interstellar absorption lines (e.g., O II+Si IV, C II], C IV); in their paper, they highlight one such case, an absorption-line galaxy at z = 3.208 having no obvious signs of an AGN in its optical spectrum. In addition, they determine accurate distances to eight galaxy groups with extended X-ray emission detected both by Chandra and XMM-Newton. This online catalog was created by the HEASARC in November 2010 based on a machine-readable version of Table 4 from the paper which was obtained from the ApJ website. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
37-Day microgravity exposure in 16-Week female C57BL/6J mice during the NASA Rodent Research 1 mission is associated with bone loss specific to weight-bearing skeletal sites (femur and vertebrae, micro computed tomography)

Exposure to weightlessness in microgravity and elevated space radiation are associated with rapid bone loss in mammals, but questions remain about their mechanisms of action and relative importance. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that bone loss during spaceflight in Low Earth Orbit is primarily associated with site-specific microgravity unloading of weight-bearing sites in the skeleton. Microcomputed tomography and histological analyses of bones from mice space flown on ISS for 37 days in the NASA Rodent Research-1 experiment show significant site-specific cancellous and cortical bone loss occurring in the femur, but not in L2 vertebrae. The lack of bone degenerative effects in the spine in combination with same-animal paired losses in the femur suggests that space radiation levels in Low Earth Orbit or other systemic stresses are not likely to significantly contribute to the observed bone loss. Remarkably, spaceflight is also associated with accelerated progression of femoral head endochondral ossification. This suggests the microgravity environment promotes premature progression of secondary ossification during late stages of skeletal maturation at 21 weeks. Furthermore, mice housed in the NASA ISS Rodent Habitat during 1g ground controls maintained or gained bone relative to mice housed in standard vivarium cages that showed significant bone mass declines. These findings suggest that housing in the Rodent Habitat with greater topological enrichment from 3D wire-mesh surfaces may promote increased mechanical loading of weight-bearing bones and maintenance of bone mass. In summary, our results indicate that in female mice approaching skeletal maturity, mechanical unloading of weight-bearing sites is the major cause of bone loss in microgravity, while sites loaded predominantly by muscle activity, such as the spine, appear unaffected. Additionally, we identified early-onset of femoral head epiphyseal plate secondary ossification as a novel spaceflight skeletal unloading effect that may lead to premature long bone growth arrest in microgravity. This study derives results from femur and vertebrae using the micro computed tomography assay.

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Glycome profiling and immunohistochemistry uncover changes in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana roots during spaceflight: Advanced Plant EXperiment (APEX) 03-1 Raw Dataset

This study was conducted to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms by which microgravity impacts cell wall architecture in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana using the Vegetable Production System (Veggie) housed on the International Space Station (ISS). Based on our previous space flight studies using the Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) hardware on the STS-131 Space Shuttle mission, we found that plants respond to microgravity in large part through the transcriptional reprogramming of genes that control cell wall remodeling. This follow-up spaceflight experiment called the Advanced Plant EXperiments (APEX 03-1) in Space was designed to use Veggie unit on the ISS and on the ground unit on the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) to probe deeper into spaceflight-induced cell wall associated transcript expression changes. In this study we used RNA-Seq in combination with glycome profiling (glycomics) to correlate spaceflight-induced gene expression changes with actual cell wall modifications within seedlings.

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ROSETTA-LANDER 67P SESAME 2 SDL V1.0

This archive contains edited data (CODMAC level 2) from the SESAME instrument onboard ROSETTA Lander, acquired during the SDL phase. It also contains documentation which describes the SESAME experiment. The primary target is the comet 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO. The data archived in this data set conform to the Planetary Data System (PDS) Standards, Version 3.6.

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Effects of 5-ion 6-beam sequential irradiation in the presence and absence of hindlimb or control hindlimb unloading on behavioral performances and plasma metabolic pathways of Fischer 344 rats

Effects and interactions between different spaceflight stressors are expected to be experienced by crew on missions when exposed to microgravity and galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). One of the limitations of previous studies on simulated weightlessness using hindlimb unloading (HU) is that a control HU condition was not included. We characterized the behavioral performance of male Fischer rats 2 months after sham or total body irradiation with a simplified 5-ion 6-mixed-beam exposure representative of GCRs in the absence or presence of HU. Six months later, the plasma, hippocampus, and cortex were processed to determine whether the behavioral effects were associated with long-term alterations in the metabolic pathways. In the open field without and with objects, interactions were observed for radiation × HU. In the plasma of animals that were not under the HU or control HU condition, the riboflavin metabolic pathway was affected most for sham irradiation vs. 0.75 Gy exposure. Analysis of the effects of control HU on plasma in the sham-irradiated animals showed that the alanine, aspartate, glutamate, riboflavin, and glutamine metabolisms as well as arginine biosynthesis were affected. The effects of control HU on the hippocampus in the sham-irradiated animals showed that the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan pathway was affected the most. Analysis of effects of 0.75 Gy irradiation on the cortex of control HU animals showed that the glutamine and glutamate metabolic pathway was affected similar to the hippocampus, while the riboflavin pathway was affected in animals that were not under the control HU condition. The effects of control HU on the cortex in sham-irradiated animals showed that the riboflavin metabolic pathway was affected. Animals receiving 0.75 Gy of irradiation showed impaired glutamine and glutamate metabolic pathway, whereas animals receiving 1.5 Gy of irradiation showed impaired riboflavin metabolic pathways. A total of 21 plasma metabolites were correlated with the behavioral measures, indicating that plasma and brain biomarkers associated with behavioral performance are dependent on the environmental conditions experienced. This study derives results from the Open Field and Novel Object Recognition behavior assays.

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
DELBO THERMAL INFRARED ASTEROID DIAMETERS AND ALBEDOS V1.0

This data set contains radiometric albedos and diameters for Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) derived by three different thermal models and reported in Delbo (2004) [DELBO2004]. The observed infrared fluxes on which the derivations were based are also included.

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Response of human lymphoblastoid cells to HZE (iron ions) or gamma-rays

Transcriptional profiling of human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells comparing mock irradiated cells with cells exposed 24 hours previously to 1.67 Gy HZE (1 GeV/amu iron ions accelerated at the NASA Space Research Laboratory (NSRL) of Brookhaven National Laboratory) or 2.5 Gy 137Cs gamma rays. TK6 cells were mock irradiated or exposed to HZE or gamma-rays, and RNA was harvested 24 hours later. 3 biological replicates were independently grown and harvested during three different runs at the NSRL. One replicate per array.

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Effects of photon irradiation in the presence and absence of hindlimb unloading on the behavioral performance and metabolic pathways in the plasma of Fischer rats

The space environment astronauts experience during space missions consists of multiple environmental challenges, including microgravity. In this study, we assessed the behavioral and cognitive performances of male Fisher rats 2 months after sham irradiation or total body irradiation with photons in the absence or presence of simulated microgravity. We analyzed the plasma collected 9 months after sham irradiation or total body irradiation for distinct alterations in metabolic pathways and to determine whether changes to metabolic measures were associated with specific behavioral and cognitive measures. A total of 344 male Fischer rats were irradiated with photons (6 MeV; 3, 8, or 10 Gy) in the absence or presence of simulated weightlessness achieved using hindlimb unloading (HU). To identify potential plasma biomarkers of photon radiation exposure or the HU condition for behavioral or cognitive performance, we performed regression analyses. The behavioral effects of HU on activity levels in an open field, measures of anxiety in an elevated plus maze, and anhedonia in the MandM consumption test were more pronounced than those of photon irradiation. Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism and biosynthesis showed very strong pathway changes, following photon irradiation and HU in animals irradiated with 3 Gy. Here, 29 out of 101 plasma metabolites were associated with 1 out of 13 behavioral measures. In the absence of HU, 22 metabolites were related to behavioral and cognitive measures. In HU animals that were sham-irradiated or irradiated with 8 Gy, one metabolite was related to behavioral and cognitive measures. In HU animals irradiated with 3 Gy, six metabolites were related to behavioral and cognitive measures. These data suggest that it will be possible to develop stable plasma biomarkers of behavioral and cognitive performance, following environmental challenges like HU and radiation exposure. This study derives results from the Open Field, Novel Object Recognition and Anhedonia, and Elevated Plus Maze behavior assays.

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Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration