AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Incapacitation Effects of Incarcerating Drug Offenders:  Longitudinal Arrest Histories of Adults Arrested in Washington, DC, 1985-1986

This study examined differences in criminal career
 parameters that determine the potential incapacitative effects of
 alternative sentencing policies directed at drug-involved
 offenders. In particular, the researchers explored three key aspects
 of offenders' criminal careers: participation, frequency of offending,
 and termination rates from active offending. The study focused on
 differences in levels of serious offending by drug-using and nonusing
 drug offenders compared to drug-using and nonusing predatory
 offenders. Longitudinal arrest data for a sample of arrestees were
 collected to characterize the offending patterns of drug-using and
 nonusing drug offenders and predatory offenders. The sample was drawn
 from adults arrested in Washington, DC, on any charge from July 1,
 1985, to June 30, 1986. Data were collected from case files maintained
 by the Washington, DC, Pretrial Services Agency for 883 arrestees and
 5,387 arrests. Previous and subsequent arrests of the same individual
 were linked to form an arrest history. Within the sample of arrestees,
 three main types of offenders were distinguished based on offense
 charge at target arrest: (1) drug offenders, (2) predatory offenders
 (persons charged with robbery or burglary), and (3) all others. This
 study focused on the first two groups and distinguished drug users
 from non-users based on the results of a urine drug screen
 administered following the target arrest. Variables regarding arrests
 include date of arrest, drug test result, charges filed, disposition
 date, disposition type, and sentence length imposed. Demographic
variables include race, sex, and place of birth.

Tags: adult-offenders, alternatives-to-institutionalization, arrest-records, career-criminals, criminal-histories, drug-offenders, policies-and-procedures, recidivism, sentencing
Organization: Department of Justice
Use of Adjuncts to Supplement Judicial Resources in Six Jurisdictions, 1983-1986:  [United States]

This multi-site data collection evaluates the impact of 
 judicial adjunct attorneys and referees on the court system at the 
 county and state levels in six jurisdictions: (1) Pima County, Arizona, 
 (2) Multnomah County, Oregon, (3) King County, Washington, (4) Hennepin 
 County, Minnesota, (5) Phoenix, Arizona, and (6) the state of 
 Connecticut. There are three different units of observation in this 
 study: (1) civil trial cases, (2) trial judges, including regular 
 judges and adjunct attorneys, and (3) litigating attorneys. The court 
 case data include information on type of case, date of trial, type of 
 judge, type of disposition, and date of disposition. For the 
 questionnaire data obtained on judges, adjuncts, and litigating 
 attorneys, information includes experience with the program, 
satisfaction, and ideas for changes.

Tags: attorneys, court-cases, disposition-legal, judges, judicial-process
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluating Anti-Gang Legislation and Gang Prosecution Units in Clark and Washoe Counties, Nevada, 1989-1995

In response to several high profile, violent crimes by
 minority males, which were reported by law enforcement officials as
 being gang-related, Nevada lawmakers enacted an array of anti-gang
 legislation, much of it drafted by law enforcement personnel. This
 study attempted to provide answers to the following research
 questions: (1) How often and under what specific conditions were the
 various anti-gang statutes used in the prosecution of gang members?
 (2) How had the passage of anti-gang statutes and the development of
 the gang prosecution units influenced the use of more conventional
 charging practices related to gang cases? and (3) Did specialized gang
 prosecution produce higher rates of convictions, more prison
 sentences, and longer prison terms for gang offenders? Court
 monitoring data were collected from both Clark and Washoe counties to
 document the actual extent and nature of gang crime in both
 jurisdictions over several years. Variables include the year of the
 court case, whether the defendant was a gang member, total number of
 initial charges, whether all charges were dismissed before trial,
 whether the defendant was convicted of any charge, the length of the
 prison sentence imposed, whether the defendant was charged with a gang
 enhancement statute, and whether the defendant was charged with
 murder, sexual assault, robbery, kidnapping, burglary, auto theft,
 larceny, a drug offense, a weapon offense, or assault. Demographic
variables include the race, sex, and age of the defendant.

Tags: conviction-rates, counties, gang-violence, gangs, imprisonment, legislation, legislative-impact, nevada, prosecution, sentencing, united-states, violent-crime
Organization: Department of Justice
Profiling the Needs of the California Youth Authority's Female Population, 1996

This study was designed to assess the needs and
 characteristics of the female juvenile offender population in
 California and to evaluate the existing program structure. The main
 focus was to conduct a pilot study to test an instrument the
 researchers had designed for profiling the needs of youthful female
 offenders in developing a protocol for use by other jurisdictions and
 agencies working with delinquent female youths. To study the needs and
 program demands of young female offenders, the researchers conducted a
 profile survey of 162 randomly-selected women at the Ventura School in
 the California Youth Authority (CYA) in the summer of 1996. The data
 are the result of personal interviews using a modified version of the
 instrument used for a 1995 study of adult female offenders in the
 California Department of Corrections by the principal
 investigators. Information was collected on demographics, social and
 economic background, criminal history, and correctional
 experiences. Demographic variables include age, race and ethnicity,
 marital status, and parents' marital status. Variables on social and
 economic background include religious preference, living situation,
 education, work history, family relationships, pregnancy history while
 incarcerated, and family and juvenile history. Criminal history
 variables cover gang involvement, arrest and sentence information,
 offense profile, reasons for committing the offense, weapon use,
 substance abuse history, and personal abuse. Variables on correctional
 experiences include abuse counseling, HIV testing, correctional
 programming participation, work experience during incarceration, and
California Youth Authority housing assignment.

Tags: correctional-facilities-juveniles, criminal-histories, demographic-characteristics, female-offenders, juvenile-offenders, needs-assessment, population-characteristics
Organization: Department of Justice
New Orleans Offender Study, 1973-1986

These data focus on persons arrested for burglary or armed
 robbery in New Orleans during 1973-1986. Local, state, and federal
 arrest records were combined with local and state custody records to
 provide a more complete criminal history database for researchers than
 previously available. The five files in this collection supply
 information on arrests, periods of criminal justice supervision and
 custody, employment, and basic demographics (sex, race, birth year,
 and state of birth). For a majority of the juvenile offenders, results
 of aptitude and diagnostic tests obtained from the Louisiana
 Department of Corrections, Juvenile Division, are available as
well. The unit of analysis is the offender.

Tags: armed-robbery, arrest-records, burglary, criminal-histories, databases, offenders
Organization: Department of Justice
Mentally Disordered Offenders in Pursuit of Celebrities and Politicians

These data were collected to develop a means of identifying
those individuals most likely to be dangerous to others because of
their pursuit of public figures. Another objective of the study was to
gather detailed quantitative information on harassing and threatening
communications to public figures and to determine what aspects of
written communications are predictive of future behavior. Based on the
fact that each attack by a mentally disordered person in which an
American public figure was wounded had occurred in connection with a
physical approach within 100 yards, the investigators reasoned that
accurate predictions of such physical approaches could serve as
proxies for the less feasible task of accurate prediction of attacks.
The investigators used information from case files of subjects who had
pursued two groups of public figures, politicians and celebrities. The
data were drawn from the records of the United States Capitol Police
and a prominent Los Angeles-based security consulting firm, Gavin de
Becker, Inc. Information was gathered from letters and other
communications of the subjects, as well as any other sources
available, such as police records or descriptions of what occurred
during interviews. The data include demographic information such as
sex, age, race, marital status, religion, and education, family
history information, background information such as school and work
records, military history, criminal history, number of communications
made, number of threats made, information about subjects' physical
appearance, psychological and emotional evaluations, information on
travel/mobility patterns, and approaches made.

Tags: assault, celebrities, crime-prediction, harassment, mental-disorders, police-records, politicians, public-figures, stalkers, stalking
Organization: Department of Justice
Prejudice and Violence in the American Workplace, 1988-1991: Survey of an Eastern Corporation

This study was conducted to examine the nature and extent
of prejudice-based mistreatment of employees in the workplace. The
researchers investigated the effects of mistreatment on employees'
psychological well-being, interpersonal relationships, and perceptions
of the work environment. Personal interviews were conducted with 327
first-line workers at an American corporation in the middle Atlantic
states to determine workers' experiences of violence, discrimination,
and prejudice and their responses to such victimization. Three
dimensions of victimization were explored: personal victimization,
prejudiced victimization, and co-victimization. Self-reported symptoms
of post-traumatic stress were identified. Data were also collected to
ascertain job satisfaction and job autonomy and to determine if these
factors mitigate the effects of mistreatment. Demographic information
includes age, race, sex, income, education, marital status, ethnicity,
religion, handicap, and sexual orientation. The company involved in
the research has been kept anonymous.

Tags: discrimination, interpersonal-relations, perceptions, post-traumatic-stress-disorder, prejudice, psychological-wellbeing, victimization, work-environment, workers, workplace-violence
Organization: Department of Justice
National Assessment of Gangs in Correctional Facilities, 1992

This study sought to identify and examine current policies
 and strategies for controlling prison gangs and to determine the ways
 in which correctional facilities were dealing with gangs in their
 institutions. Respondents to the mail survey included 55 local jail
 systems and 52 state prison systems (the 50 state Departments of
 Corrections, the District of Columbia, and the Federal Bureau of
 Prisons). The survey question text used the term
 "security threat group" (STG), which was defined as "two or more
 inmates, acting together, who pose a threat to the security or safety
 of staff/inmates and/or are disruptive to programs and/or to the orderly
 management of the facility/system," rather than the generic term "gang."
 Data contain information on total
 inmate population, number of STGs, number of inmates identified as
 confirmed, suspected, associate, and drop-out members of STGs, total
 incidents of violence, number of violent incidents by STG members,
 management strategies to deal with gangs, and names of STGs known to be
present within the system.

Tags: correctional-facilities, gang-members, gangs, inmates, policies-and-procedures, security
Organization: Department of Justice
Exploring the House Burglar's Perspective: Observing and Interviewing Offenders in St. Louis, 1989-1990

These data investigate the behaviors and attitudes of
 active residential burglars, not presently incarcerated, operating in
 St. Louis, Missouri. Through personal interviews, information was
 gathered on the burglars' motivation and feelings about committing
 crimes, peer pressure, burglary methods, and stolen goods disposal.
 Respondents were asked to describe their first residential burglary,
 to recreate verbally the most recent residential burglary they had
 committed, to discuss their perceptions of the risk values involved
 with burglary, and to describe the process through which they selected
 potential targets for burglaries. In-depth, semistructured interviews
 lasting from one and a half to three hours were conducted in which
 participants were allowed to speak freely and informally to the
 investigator. These interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed
 verbatim, and some were later annotated with content-related markers
 or "tags" to facilitate analysis. Information was also elicited on
 age, race, sex, marital status, employment status, drug history, and
criminal offense history.

Tags: burglary, criminal-histories, offenders, stolen-property
Organization: Department of Justice
Reexamining the Minneapolis Repeat Complaint Address Policing (RECAP) Experiment, 1986-1987

This study reexamines REPEAT COMPLAINT ADDRESS POLICING:
 TWO FIELD EXPERIMENTS IN MINNEAPOLIS, 1985-1987 (ICPSR 9788). The
 original Repeat Complaint Address Policing (RECAP) experiment was a
 field study of the strategy of problem-oriented policing, which used
 control and treatment groups consisting of specific addresses in the
 city of Minneapolis. The impact of problem-oriented policing was
 measured by comparing the number of 911 calls received for each
 address during a baseline period to the number received during a
 period when experimental treatments were in effect. Several features
 of the original data distort the one-to-one correspondence between a
 911 call and an event, such as the occurrence of multiple versions of
 the same call in the databases. The current study identifies and
 attempts to correct these occurrences by applying multiple levels of
 data cleaning procedures to the original data to establish a better
one-to-one call-to-event correspondence.

Tags: emergency-services, police-departments, police-protection, police-response
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of the Focused Offender Disposition Program in Birmingham, Phoenix, and Chicago, 1988-1992

The Drug Testing Technology/Focused Offender Disposition
(FOD) program was designed to examine two issues regarding drug users
in the criminal justice system: (1) the utility of need assessment
instruments in appropriately determining the level of treatment and/or
supervision needed by criminal offenders with a history of drug use,
and (2) the use of urinalysis monitoring as a deterrent to subsequent
drug use. This data collection consists of four datasets from three
sites. The FOD program was first established in Birmingham, Alabama,
and Phoenix, Arizona, in December 1988 and ran through August
1990. The Chicago, Illinois, program began in October 1990 and ended
in March 1992. These first three programs studied probationers with a
history of recent drug use who were not incarcerated while awaiting
sentencing. The subjects were assessed with one of two different
treatment instruments. Half of all clients were assessed with the
objective Offender Profile Index (OPI) created by the National
Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD). The
other half were assessed with the local instrument administered in
each site by Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime (TASC),
Inc. Regardless of which assessment procedure was used, offenders were
then randomly assigned to one of two groups. Half of all offenders
assessed by the OPI and half of the offenders assessed by the local
instrument were assigned to a control group that received only random
urinalysis monitoring regardless of the drug treatment intervention
strategy prescribed by the assessment instrument. The other half of
offenders in each assessment group were assigned to a treatment group
that received appropriate drug intervention treatment. The Phoenix
pilot study (Part 4), which ran from March 1991 to May 1992, was
designed like the first Phoenix study, except that the sample for the
pilot study was drawn from convicted felons who were jailed prior to
sentencing and who were expected to be sentenced to probation. These
data contain administrative information, such as current offense,
number of arrests, number of convictions, and prior charges. The need
assessment instruments were used to gather data on clients' living
arrangements, educational and vocational backgrounds, friendships,
history of mental problems, drug use history, and scores measuring
stakes in conformity. In addition, the study specifically collected
information on the monitoring of the clients while in the FOD program,
including the number of urinalyses administered and their results, as
well as the placement of clients in treatment programs. The files also
contain demographic information, such as age, race, sex, and
education.

Tags: criminal-justice-system, drug-offenders, drug-testing, drug-treatment, needs-assessment, probationers, program-evaluation, treatment-programs, urinalysis
Organization: Department of Justice
Guardian Angels:  Citizen Response to Crime in Selected Cities of the United States, 1984

This study was designed to assess the effects of the
activities of the Guardian Angels on citizens' fear of crime, incidence
of crime, and police officers' perceptions of the Guardian Angels. The
data, which were collected in several large American cities, provide
information useful for evaluating the activities of the Guardian Angels
from the perspectives of transit riders, residents, merchants, and
police officers. Respondents who were transit riders were asked to
provide information on their knowledge of and contacts with the Angels,
attitudes toward the group, feelings of safety on public transit,
victimization experience, and demographic characteristics. Police
officers were asked about their knowledge of the Angels, attitudes
toward the group, opinions regarding the benefits and effectiveness of
the group, and law enforcement experiences. Data for residents and
merchants include demographic characteristics, general problems in the
neighborhood, opinions regarding crime problems, crime prevention
activities, fear of crime, knowledge of the Angels, attitudes toward
the group, and victimization experiences.

Tags: commuting-travel, crime, crime-prevention, neighborhoods, police-activity, public-transportation, victimization
Organization: Department of Justice
Nature and Patterns of Homicide in Eight American Cities, 1978

This dataset contains detailed information on homicides in 
 eight United States cities: Philadelphia, Newark, Chicago, St. Louis, 
 Memphis, Dallas, Oakland, and "Ashton" (a representative large 
 western city). Detailed characteristics for each homicide victim 
 include time and date of homicide, age, gender, race, place of birth, 
 marital status, living arrangement, occupation, socioeconomic status 
 (SES), employment status, method of assault, location where homicide 
 occurred, relationship of victim to offender, circumstances surrounding 
 death, precipitation or resistance of victim, physical evidence 
 collected, victim's drug history, victim's prior criminal record, and 
 number of offenders identified. Data on up to two offenders and three 
 witnesses are also available and include the criminal history, justice 
 system disposition, and age, sex, and race of each offender. 
 Information on the age, sex, and race of each witness also was 
 collected, as were data on witness type (police informant, child, 
 eyewitness, etc.). Finally, information from the medical examiner's 
 records including results of narcotics and blood alcohol tests of the 
victim are provided.

Tags: demographic-characteristics, drug-use, evidence, homicide, offenders, substance-abuse, victims
Organization: Department of Justice
Effectiveness of Client Specific Planning as an Alternative Sentence, 1981-1982: Washington, DC, and Fairfax, Montgomery, and Prince George Counties

This data collection was designed to evaluate the Client 
 Specific Planning (CSP) program of the National Center on Institutions 
 and Alternatives (NCIA). The CSP program offers non-incarcerative 
 sentencing options and alternatives prepared for judges and presented 
 by an NCIA caseworker. The study measures the impact of the program on 
 sentence length, sentence severity, the effectiveness of the program at 
 diverting serious felony offenders from incarceration, and the rate, 
 type, seriousness, and timing of recidivism in a 24-month post-sentence 
 risk period. Variables are provided for each defendant on demographic 
 characteristics, criminal history, prior counseling experiences, prior 
 incarceration, charges and dispositions of the recidivist arrests, and 
types of sentencing alternatives recommended in CSP.

Tags: alternatives-to-institutionalization, criminal-histories, demographic-characteristics, felony-offenses, judges, offenders, program-evaluation, recidivism, sentencing
Organization: Department of Justice
Disorder and Community Decline in Forty Neighborhoods of the United States, 1977-1983

This data collection was designed to evaluate the effects
of disorderly neighborhood conditions on community decline and
residents' reactions toward crime. Data from five previously collected
datasets were aggregated and merged to produce this collection: (1)
REACTIONS TO CRIME PROJECT, 1977 [CHICAGO, PHILADELPHIA, SAN
FRANCISCO]: SURVEY ON FEAR OF CRIME AND CITIZEN BEHAVIOR (ICPSR 8162),
(2) CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH AND LOW CRIME NEIGHBORHOODS IN ATLANTA,
1980 (ICPSR 8951), (3) CRIME FACTORS AND NEIGHBORHOOD DECLINE IN
CHICAGO, 1979 (ICPSR 7952), (4) REDUCING FEAR OF CRIME PROGRAM
EVALUATION SURVEYS IN NEWARK AND HOUSTON, 1983-1984 (ICPSR 8496), and
(5) a survey of citizen participation in crime prevention in six
Chicago neighborhoods conducted by Rosenbaum, Lewis, and Grant.
Neighborhood-level data cover topics such as disorder, crime, fear,
residential satisfaction, and other key factors in community decline.
Variables include disorder characteristics such as loitering,
drugs, vandalism, noise, and gang activity, demographic
characteristics such as race, age, and unemployment rate, and
neighborhood crime problems such as burglary, robbery, assault, and
rape. Information is also available on crime avoidance behaviors, fear
of crime on an aggregated scale, neighborhood satisfaction on an
aggregated scale, and cohesion and social interaction.

Tags: crime, drugs, gang-violence, neighborhood-change, neighborhood-conditions, neighborhoods, vandalism
Organization: Department of Justice