AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
LBA Regional Land Cover from AVHRR, 1-km, 1992-1993 (Hansen et al.)

This data set is a subset of Hansen et al. (1999), "1 km Global Land Cover Data Set Derived from AVHRR," which was developed at the Laboratory for Global Remote Sensing Studies (LGRSS) at the University of Maryland. This subset was created for the study area of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) in South America (i.e., latitude 10 N to 25 S, longitude 30 to 85 W). The data are in ASCII GRID file format. In recent years, researchers have increasingly turned to remotely sensed data to improve the accuracy of data sets that describe the geographic distribution of land cover at regional and global scales. To develop improved methodologies for global land cover classifications as well as to provide global land cover products for immediate use in global change research, LGRSS researchers have employed the NASA/NOAA Pathfinder AVHRR Land (PAL) data set with a spatial resolution of 1 km. The PAL data set has a record length of 14 years (1981-1994), providing the ability to test the stability of classification algorithms. The PAL data set includes red, infrared, and thermal bands in addition to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Inclusion of these additional bands improves discrimination between cover types. The LGRSS researchers' aim was to develop and validate global land cover data sets and to develop advanced methodologies for more realistically describing the vegetative land surface based on satellite data. The 1-km global land cover product was created from 1992-1993 local area coverage (LAC) AVHRR data. The global land cover product is available for download from the University of Maryland's Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) Web site (http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu/data/landcover/index.shtml). Forty-one metrics were developed to describe global vegetation phenology, and these data were used to make the 1-km land cover map. The final product contains 13 land cover classes. More information can be found at ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/lba/land_use_land_cover_change/land_cover_data_1km/comp/glcf1km_readme.pdf. LBA was a cooperative international research initiative led by Brazil. NASA was a lead sponsor for several experiments. LBA was designed to create the new knowledge needed to understand the climatological, ecological, biogeochemical, and hydrological functioning of Amazonia; the impact of land use change on these functions; and the interactions between Amazonia and the Earth system. More information about LBA can be found at http://www.daac.ornl.gov/LBA/misc_amazon.html.

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-anthropogenic-human-influenced-ecosystems-agricultural-lands, earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification-vegetation-in, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-03 Cloud Base-Backscatter Data, km 67 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest

A Vaisala CT-25K ceilometer was installed at an old-growth forest site located at the km 67 Eddy Flux Tower site in the Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil, off Kilometer 67 of BR-163 south of Santarem in April 2001 and remained operational through December 2003, with reliable data being collected between May 2001 and June 2003. Annual, 2001 to 2003, 30-minute average cloud base and backscatter profile data and measurement statistics (sample count, variance, skewness, and kurtosis) are presented in 15 ASCII comma-delineated files. In addition, the cloud base values (m) and measurement statistics for the three reported cloud base levels have been consolidated in 3 annual comma-separated files. The ceilometer provides 15-second measurements of cloud base (three levels up to 7500 m), echo intensity, and a 30-m resolution backscatter profile. The ceilometer reports vertical visibility during periods when the sky is obscured but a cloud base is not detectable. The ceilometer was operational for a sufficient amount of time to examine wet-to-dry season variations in cloud cover fraction and cloud base height.

Tags: earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-backscatter, earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-properties-cloud-base-height
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-04 CO2 and Heat Flux, km 83 Gap Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest

This data set reports 30-minute values for above-canopy meteorology and fluxes of momentum, heat, and carbon dioxide, and within-canopy carbon dioxide and water vapor concentrations collected at 12 levels between 10 cm and 64 m at the tower located within a logging gap at km 83 Tower Site in the Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. Data were collected over 1.5 years between June 3, 2002 and January 30, 2004. All of the data are contained in one comma separated file. Two towers are located at the km 83 site. The first tower was installed in an intact forest area at this site in June 2000 (the 'intact' tower). In September 2001, the area adjacent to the tower was selectively logged (Bruno et al., 2006). The second tower (the 'gap tower') was installed and operating in June 2002, 400 m east of the intact tower. The gap tower was installed in the middle of a 50 m x 50 m log landing.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-water-vapor, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-04 Soil Respiration, km 83 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest, Brazil

This data set reports on the flux of carbon dioxide from logged forest soils near the eddy flux tower at the km 83 site, Para, Brazil. The automated soil respiration measurements were collected using 15 chambers, installed August 2001 in primary forest. Data were collected between December 19, 2001 and March 1, 2002. There is one comma-delimited data file with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-respiration-rate
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-04 Leaf Area Index, km 83 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest, Brazil

Leaf area index was estimated in an 18 ha plot at the logged forest tower site, km 83, Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. The plot was adjacent to the eddy flux tower at km 83, Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. Thirty litter traps were placed at 25-m intervals along two east–west transects in the 18 ha block. Litter samples were collected biweekly from the traps and returned to the lab where they were sorted, air dried, and weighed. The leaf area of a subsample of air-dried leaves was determined using a computer scanner and image processing software. The subsample was then dried in an oven and the air-dried weights were corrected to oven-dried weight. The area of leaf litter collected during each sampling was calculated using the relationship between weight and area measured for the subsample (Goulden et al., 2004). There is one comma-delimited data file with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-canopy-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics-leaf-area-index-lai
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Marine Optical Characterization Experiment (MOCE)

Measurements taken under the Marine Optical Characterization Experiment between 1992 and 1999 off the US and Mexican Pacific coasts and central Pacific Ocean.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans, earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans, earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-05 Forest Understory Fuel Loads, Paragominas, Para, Brazil: 2001

This data set contains estimates of understory fuel loads (forest litter) at six locations near Paragominas in Northeastern Amazonia. Samples were collected from three different forest conditions: primary forest, logged forest, and burned forest. Volumes and weights are provided by size and condition class based on the planar transect method of estimating understory fuel loads (Brown 1971). Means and standard errors are reported from 3 transects in each forest x condition class. There is one comma-delimited data file (.csv) with this data set. DATA QUALITY STATEMENT: The Data Center has determined that there are questions about the quality of the data reported in this data set. The data set has missing or incomplete data, metadata, or other documentation that diminishes the usability of the products.

Tags: earth-science-forest-science-agriculture-forest-fire-science, earth-science-natural-hazards-human-dimensions-droughts, earth-science-natural-hazards-human-dimensions-wildfires, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-litter-characteristics, earth-science-weather-events-atmosphere-droughts
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-06 Land Use/Land Cover Time Series, Ji-Parana Basin, Brazil: 1986-2001

This data set contains four land use/land cover maps (1986, 1992, 1996 and 2001) for the Ji-Parana River Basin, derived from the digital classification of 8 Landsat images obtained from The Tropical Rain Forest Information Center (TRFIC).

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-classes
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-03 Nocturnal Meteorological Data, Forest and Pasture Sites, Para, Brazil

This data set contains measurements of nocturnal meteorological profiles collected from tethered balloon platforms during July 2001, October 2001, and November 2003. Measurements were made near the pasture/agricultural tower site at km 77 on BR-163 just south of the city of Santarem, and the near the Tapajos National Forest, km 83 tower site, Santarem, Para, Brazil. Measurements collected include air temperature, wind speed and direction, and specific humidity. The 2003 measurements also included CO2 concentrations. Sites were near enough to allow comparison between sounding profiles and tower data. There are three comma-delimited ASCII files with this data set. Profiles were obtained from sunset until the first hours after sunrise. Each sounding provided information on temperature, humidity, horizontal wind magnitude and direction as the balloon went up and down. Typical soundings went up to 300 to 400 m. During most of the night, soundings were performed hourly. The balloon rose at a rate of 0.5 m per second in the first 100 m, and 2 m per second above it. The time between successive samplings was 10 s. Intensive periods of shallow, successive soundings were performed starting at dawn, to catch the early development of the convective boundary layer (CBL). These early morning soundings went up only to the capping inversion.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity, earth-science-ocean-waves-oceans-wave-speed-direction
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-06 Soil Classification Map, Ji-Parana River Basin, Rondonia, Brazil

This data set provides a digital map of soil orders for the Ji-Parana River Basin, in the state of Rondonia, Brazil (Western Amazonia). Soil orders wereÂ manually digitized from a 1:500,000 map from EMBRAPA originally published in 1983. Oxisols and Ultisols are the predominant soil types in the basin, encompassing 47% and 24% of the total drainage area, respectively. Entisols cover 14%, Alfisols 13% and Eptisols 2% of the basin (Ballester et al., 2003). One data file is provided in ESRI ArcGIS Shapefile format compressed into a single zip file (*.zip).

Tags: earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-chemistry, earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-classification, earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-texture, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-chemistry, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-classification, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-texture
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA Regional Vegetation and Soils, 1-Degree (Wilson and Henderson-Sellers)

This data set is a subset of a global vegetation and soils data set by Wilson and Henderson-Sellers (1985a). The subset was created for the study area of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) in South America (i.e., 10° N to 25° S, 30° to 85° W). The data are in ASCII GRID format. The original global data set (Wilson and Henderson-Sellers 1985a) is an archive of soil type and land cover data derived for use in general circulation models (GCMs). The data were collated from maps depicting natural vegetation, forestry, agriculture, land use, and soil, and they were archived at a resolution of 1° latitude by 1° longitude. The data set indicates soil type, soil data reliability, primary vegetation, secondary vegetation, and land cover data reliability. Approximately 50 land cover classifications are used, including categories for agricultural and urban uses. The inclusion of secondary vegetation type is particularly useful in areas with cover types that may have a fragmented distribution, such as in areas of urban development. The soil type data are classified according to climatically important properties for GCMs, and they indicate color (light, medium, or dark), texture, and drainage quality of the soil. The land cover data are compatible with the soils data, forming a coherent and consistent data set. The reliability of the land cover data is ranked on a scale of 1 to 5 (high to low). The reliability of the soil data is ranked as high, good, moderate, fair, or poor. Recommendations for the use of these data, as well as more detailed information can be found in Wilson and Henderson-Sellers (1985b). Further data set information can be found at ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/lba/land_use_land_cover_change/wilhend/comp/wilhend_readme.pdf. LBA was a cooperative international research initiative led by Brazil. NASA was a lead sponsor for several experiments. LBA was designed to create the new knowledge needed to understand the climatological, ecological, biogeochemical, and hydrological functioning of Amazonia; the impact of land use change on these functions; and the interactions between Amazonia and the Earth system. More information about LBA can be found at http://www.daac.ornl.gov/LBA/misc_amazon.html.

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-color, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-texture, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-06 CO2 Exchange in River Systems Across the Amazon Basin: 2004-2007

This data set provides measurements of carbon dioxide flux rates (FCO2), gas transfer velocity (k), and partial pressures (pCO2) at 75 sites on rivers and streams of the Amazon River system in South America for the period beginning July 1, 2004, and ending January 23, 2007. Several fieldwork campaigns occurred between June 2004 and January 2007 in the Amazon River basin, with discharge conditions ranging from low to high flow. The sampled areas span the spectrum of chemical characteristics observed across the entire basin, including, for example, both low and high pH values and suspended sediment loads. There is one comma-delimited data file in this data set.

Tags: earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-gases-dissolved-carbon-diox
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-06 Biogeochemistry of Ji-Parana River and Tributaries, Brazil: 1999-2003

This data set provides spatially extensive and temporally intensive surveys of the river biogeochemistry of the Ji-Parana River Basin in Western Amazonia, Rondonia, Brazil. The concentrations of major nutrient ions, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity were measured in Ji-Parana River and tributary samples at the defined seasonal or monthly intervals. Dominant landuse/landcover classes, slope, and soil cation exchange capacity are included for each of the extensive sampling locations derived from river basin and sub-basin characteristics. Water samples were collected from 1999 to 2003 along the main stem of the Ji-Parana River as well as from the major tributaries including the Urupa. Shapefiles with the boundaries of the major sub-basins of the study area as well as the location of the sample collection points are included for the intensive and extensive sampling campaigns as well as the Urupa River campaign. There are six comma-separated data files (.csv) and five compressed shapefiles (.zip) with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-chemistry, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-watershed-characteristics, earth-science-topography-land-surface-terrain-elevation-digital-elevation-terrain-model-dem
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-03 Flux-Meteorological Data, km 77 Pasture Site, Para, Brazil: 2000-2005

Eddy correlation and micrometeorological measurements began in 2001 and continued through 2005 at the pasture site at km 77 on BR-163 just south of the city of Santarem, Para, Brazil. Measurements included turbulent fluxes (momentum, heat, water vapor, and CO2) using the eddy covariance (EC) approach. Other measurements included the CO2 profile, air temperature, humidity, wind speed profile, downward and upward solar and terrestrial radiation, downward and upward photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), atmospheric pressure, rainfall, soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil heat flux. Data are presented in 5 comma-separated ASCII value (csv) files each corresponding roughly to one calendar year. At the beginning of the measurements, in September 2000, the field was a pasture. In November 2001, the pasture was burned, plowed, and planted in upland (non-irrigated) rice. Land use practices during the study period were recorded and are included in a table in Section 5 of this guide. The EC system was composed of a 3D sonic anemometer (ATI 3D) and an infrared analyzer (LICOR 6262) installed on a 20m tower in the agricultural field. The methodology to calculate the flux is described in detail in Sakai et al. (2004) and a companion file is included that describes in detail the formulae used to calculate the eddy flux variables (CD03_Pasture_Flux_Calculations.pdf).

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-incoming-solar-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds-wind-direction, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds-wind-speed, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-06 Isotopic Composition of Carbon Fractions, Amazon Basin River Water

This data set includes measurements of standard geochemical variables, dissolved CO2, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), fine particulate organic carbon (FPOC), and coarse particulate organic carbon (CPOC) in samples taken from 60 Amazonian river locations across the Amazon Basin from 1991 to 2003 (Mayorga et al., 2005). The 14C and 13C isotopic composition of DIC was measured on samples collected between 1991 and 2003. The 14C composition of organic carbon fractions was measured on samples collected from 1995 through 1996. There are four comma-delimited data files with this data set. Note that site descriptions include a categorization of each site by topography according to the percentage of the drainage area above 1,000 m elevation (Mayorga et al., 2005). Only means of geochemical and carbon-fraction results are provided. Both individual 13C and 14C measurements and mean results are provided.

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-carbon, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-gases-dissolved-carbon-diox, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-solids-total-dissolved-soli, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-water-characteristics-organ
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-06 Physical, Political, and Hydrologic Maps, Ji-Parana River Basin, Brazil

This data set contains physical, hydrologic, political, demographic, and societal maps for the Ji-Parana River Basin, in the state of Rondonia, Brazil. These data were used as base information in subsequent investigations of land use/land cover, biogeochemistry, soils, and water balance processes (Ballester et al., 2003). This data set includes a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), river networks and morphometric characteristics of the region (derived from the DEM), and a number of social and demographic vector sets (roads as of 2001, county borders, population change from 1970-2000, and settlement projects). The DEM is provided in GeoTIFF format. Other files are provided as shapefiles.

Tags: earth-science-boundaries-human-dimensions-administrative-divisions, earth-science-environmental-governance-management-human-dimensions-land-management-land-use-cla, earth-science-infrastructure-human-dimensions-transportation, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-features-rivers-streams
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MISR Level 1B2 Local Mode Terrain Radiance Data subset for the UAE region V002

UAEM1LMT_002 is the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) Level 1B2 Local Mode Terrain Radiance Data subset for the UAE region. It contains the terrain-projected TOA radiance for the single local mode scene, resampled at the surface and topographically corrected. The MISR instrument consists of nine push-broom cameras that measure radiance in four spectral bands. Global coverage is achieved in nine days. The cameras are arranged with one camera pointing toward the nadir, four forward, and four aftward. It takes seven minutes for all nine cameras to view the same surface location. The view angles relative to the surface reference ellipsoid are 0, 26.1, 45.6, 60.0, and 70.5 degrees. The spectral band shapes are nominally Gaussian, centered at 443, 555, 670, and 865 nm. MISR is designed to view Earth with cameras in 9 different directions. As the instrument flies overhead, all nine cameras successfully imaged each piece of Earth's surface below in 4 wavelengths (blue, green, red, and near-infrared). MISR aims to improve our understanding of the effects of sunlight on Earth and distinguish different types of clouds, particles, and surfaces. Specifically, MISR monitors the monthly, seasonal, and long-term trends in three areas: 1) amount and type of atmospheric particles (aerosols), including those formed by natural sources and by human activities; 2) amounts, types, and heights of clouds, and 3) distribution of land surface cover, including vegetation canopy structure.

Tags: earth-science-visible-wavelengths-spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration