AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2006 Accuracy Assessment Points Conterminous United States

Release of NLCD 2006 provides the first land-cover change database for the Conterminous United States (CONUS) from Landsat Thematic Mapper data. Accuracy assessment of NLCD 2006 focused on four primary products: 2001 land cover, 2006 land cover, land-cover change between 2001 and 2006, and impervious surface change between 2001 and 2006. The accuracy assessment was conducted by selecting a stratified random sample of pixels with the reference classification interpreted from multi-temporal high resolution digital imagery. The NLCD Level II (16 classes) overall accuracies for the 2001 and 2006 land cover were 79% and 78%, respectively, with Level II user's accuracies exceeding 80% for water, high density urban, all upland forest classes, shrubland, and cropland for both dates. Level I (8 classes) accuracies were 85% for NLCD 2001 and 84% for NLCD 2006. The high overall and user's accuracies for the individual dates translated into high user's accuracies for the 2001–2006 change reporting themes for water gain and loss, forest loss, urban gain, and the no-change reporting themes for water, urban, forest, and agriculture.

Tags: accuracy-assessment, imagerybasemapsearthcover, land-cover, land-cover-change, nlcd, reference-data-quality, u-s, united-states, us, usgs-66981100d34e2fec2bd986ba
Organization: Department of the Interior
Riparian and saltcedar vegetation zone polygons in the lower Walker River basin, West-Central Nevada

This vector data set represents the riparian and saltcedar generalized vegetation zone polygons in the lower Walker River basin.

Tags: et-unit, evaporation, evapotranspiration, geoscientificinformation, geospatial-analysis, geospatial-datasets, groundwater-discharge, inlandwaters, nevada, phreatophyte, riparian, saltcedar, transpiration, usgs-66b3e722d34eebcf8bb33dfb, vegetation, walker-lake, walker-river
Organization: Department of the Interior
Estimation of annual and monthly loads of nitrate + nitrite, total phosphorous, and dissolved phosphorus in Illinois for water years 1974 to 2022

This data release contains data in support of "Diverging trends in Nitrate and Phosphorus Loads and Yields Across Illinois Watersheds, 1997–2022" (Kamrath and others, 2025). It contains input and output data used to estimate total nitrate + nitrite, dissolved phosphorous and total phosphorous loads for sites in Illinois from water years 1974 to 2022.
The input data includes "input-data_WQ.csv," which contains water quality data for nitrate + nitrite, dissolved phosphorous and total phosphorous. The water quality data comes from (1) the Water Quality Portal (WQP), (2) the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA), and (3) the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STORET warehouse. The WQP includes the most complete record of U.S. Geological Survey and IEPA water quality samples. The most recent IEPA water quality samples, which are not yet in the WQP, were provided directly from IEPA. Legacy IEPA data that is housed via the EPA STORET warehouse was used to fill in any gaps in the data record. See the Entity and Attribute section of the metadata for details.
The output data provides results calculated using the water-quality method Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) from the R package 'EGRET' (Exploration and Graphics for RivEr Trends, available from https://doi-usgs.github.io/EGRET/). The file "model-runs.csv" includes a list of all the models run using WRTDS with additional information for each run; for each run, WRTDS stationary and generalized flow normalization (SFN and GFN, respectively) were used along with the WRTDS Kalman (WRTDS-K) post processing. The results of each WRTDS run are saved in 'eList,' the native output format from 'EGRET,' in "eLists.zip." There are two eLists per run, one with SFN results and the other with GFN and WRTDS-K results. For more information on 'EGRET' and the WRTDS method see https://doi-usgs.github.io/EGRET/index.html.
Additional output data includes estimated annual and monthly loads and concentrations of nitrate + nitrite, dissolved phosphorous and total phosphorous for all sites. The files are broken up by constituent, nitrate + nitrite (N) or phosphorous (P), and time frame, annual or monthly.

Tags: environment, hydrology, illinois, inlandwaters, nitrogen, nutrient-loads, phosphorous, river-systems, surface-water-non-marine, usgs-6696e97fd34ecb78f609fcfe
Organization: Department of the Interior
Locations of mines and prospects in Amelia County, Virginia

Critical minerals are essential for the energy transition; to meet sustainability goals, production of these resources must significantly increase within the coming decades. For example, demand for lithium, an element essential for battery technologies found in many electronics and vehicles, is anticipated to increase by more than ten-fold by 2050 compared to current production. Critical minerals occur in Amelia County, Virginia, however, considerable uncertainty remains regarding their location, amount, and types of commodities present. In fulfilling its mission to provide information on mineral resources of the national domain, the U.S. Geological Survey aims to synthesize and disseminate high quality data on mineral sites.
Ensuring the accuracy of extracted information involves digitizing and georeferencing historic maps of the area that contain locations of mines and prospects. These maps, compared with records in the Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS; Schweitzer, 2019), were used to produce a harmonized dataset within Amelia County of reconciled, well-attributed mineral sites. Utilizing modern topographic mapping and LiDAR imagery, historical site locations were enhanced with increased accuracy to create a more accurate map of current and former mines and prospects in Amelia County. Data are presented in tabular form with complete bibliographic citations.

Tags: amelia-county, critical-minerals, geoscientificinformation, mineral-resources, usgs-6696d522d34ecb78f609f6f0, virginia
Organization: Department of the Interior
Spreadsheet of model drought-evaluation statistics for 2056-95 based on drought characteristics derived from climate models downscaled by the MACA method assuming historical-standard stomatal resistance

The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have evaluated projections of future droughts for south Florida based on climate model output from the Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (MACA) downscaled climate dataset from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The MACA dataset includes both Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5).
A Microsoft Excel workbook is provided which tabulates model drought-evaluation statistics for the period 2056-95 based on drought characteristics derived from climate models downscaled by the MACA method assuming historical-standard stomatal resistance. Model drought-evaluation statistics based on 6-mo. and 12-mo. averaged balance anomaly timeseries are provided for four regions: (1) the entire South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), (2) the Lower West Coast (LWC) water supply region, (3) the Lower East Coast (LEC) water supply region, and (4) the Okeechobee plus (OKEE+) water supply meta-region consisting of Lake Okeechobee (OKEE), the Lower Kissimmee (LKISS), Upper Kissimmee (UKISS), and Upper East Coast (UEC) water supply regions in the SFWMD. 
The balance anomaly timeseries are computed as the departure from the long-term monthly means of monthly balances (precipitation - reference evapotranspiration) for the period 1950-2005. Then 6-mo. and 12-mo. moving averages of the balance anomalies are computed and drought-event characteristics (duration, intensity and severity) are derived from the moving-average timeseries. The model drought-evaluation statistics include percentile rank of total future (2056-95) drought severity, percentage change in total future drought severity with respect to the historical period (1950-2005) and its percentile rank, as well as p-values comparing the joint distributions of model historical drought characteristics against those derived from observations, and p-values comparing model future to model historical drought characteristics. The lower the p-value, the more different the compared joint distributions of drought characteristics. P-values smaller than a chosen significance level (typically 0.05–0.1) denote models for which the joint distributions of drought characteristics are statistically significantly different.

Tags: climate, climatologymeteorologyatmosphere, droughts, evapotranspiration, extremes, florida, precipitation-atmospheric, precipitation-extremes, south-florida, south-florida-water-management-district, southern-florida, usgs-669689ced34e0a6170f9d6e3
Organization: Department of the Interior
Spreadsheet of monthly historical climate-anomaly timeseries (1950-2005) and standardized drought indices derived from the SFWMD Super-grid datasets

The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have evaluated projections of future droughts for south Florida based on climate model output from the Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (MACA) downscaled climate dataset from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). As part of this study, historical drought characteristics were evaluated based on gridded observational datasets of monthly precipitation and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) called the SFWMD Super-grid which were provided by the SFWMD.
A Microsoft Excel workbook is provided which tabulates monthly historical climate-anomaly timeseries and standardized drought indices for the period January 1950 through December 2005. Anomaly timeseries are provided for precipitation, reference evapotranspiration (ETo), and balances (precipitation - ETo) averaged over regions of interest. The anomaly timeseries are computed as the departure from the long-term monthly means for the period 1950-2005. Climate data are derived from the SFWMD Super-grid datasets for four regions: (1) the entire South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), (2) the Lower West Coast (LWC) water supply region, (3) the Lower East Coast (LEC) water supply region, and (4) the Okeechobee plus (OKEE+) water supply meta-region consisting of Lake Okeechobee (OKEE), the Lower Kissimmee (LKISS), Upper Kissimmee (UKISS), and Upper East Coast (UEC) water supply regions in the SFWMD.
Anomaly timeseries are provided for precipitation, reference evapotranspiration (ETo), and balances (precipitation - ETo) averaged for every region of interest from the SFWMD Super-grid. The anomaly timeseries are computed by subtracting the historical climatology (that is, long-term monthly averages for each month of the year for the period 1950-2005; 12 values corresponding to Jan.-Dec.) for the specific meteorological variable from the 1950-2005 monthly timeseries.

Tags: climate, climatologymeteorologyatmosphere, droughts, evapotranspiration, extremes, florida, precipitation-atmospheric, precipitation-extremes, south-florida, south-florida-water-management-district, southern-florida, usgs-669689a6d34e0a6170f9d6dd
Organization: Department of the Interior
Water balance ET and bias adjustment factor for SSEBop ET across HUC8 basins in the conterminous United States using the WABE method

The data set includes climatology (2002-2015 average) actual water balance ET (WBET), climatology (2002-2015 average) synthetic WBET, bias adjustment factor (BAF) for dight-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC8) basins, and SSEBop evapotranspiration (ET) before and after the bias adjustment across 37 sites for comparable years from 2001 to 2020 in the conterminous United States. These data support the findings of the water balance equivalence (WABE) method proposed to reduce biases from remote sensing-derived ET products for large-scale applications.

Tags: environment, evapotranspiration-remote-sensing-water-balance-energy-balance-bias-adjustment, usgs-669a7e40d34e9ac16e167551
Organization: Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey Wastewater Diffuser Survey in Cedar Falls, Iowa, 2023

These data represent a Global Positioning System (GPS) survey generated September 20, 2023, using Trimble R10 Real-Time Kinematics (RTK) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Survey extends along the Cedar River streambed in Cedar Falls, Iowa, where a wastewater treatment diffuser pipe is installed. Cross-sectional representations were produced to depict stream depth and streambed elevation. Cross-sectional data should be interpreted from a downstream perspective.

Tags: cedar-falls, diffuser, geoscientificinformation, inland-waters, usgs-66b62009d34eebcf8bb3929b, wastewater
Organization: Department of the Interior
Geochemical, grain size, lithological, diatom, bathymetric, and age model data for Wildcat Lake, Point Reyes National Seashore 2021

These data are the geochemical (from X-ray fluorescence spectrometry), grain size, lithological (loss on ignition), diatom assemblages (taxa counts), bathymetric, and radioactive isotopes (210-Pb, 137-Cs) from sediments from Wildcat Lake, Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA starting in 2021. Taken together, they provide evidence for extreme precipitation events linked to atmospheric rivers. They also indicate anthropogenic involvement in the watershed.

Tags: biota, paleo-ecology, usgs-6695863dd34eef7f31169646
Organization: Department of the Interior
RADSeq Data to assess population structure of Desmophyllum pertusum found along the United States eastern continental margin

This dataset contains metadata about the origin of the cold-water coral samples that were RAD sequenced and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) generated for population genomic analyses. These data were used to examine patterns of genomic structure of Desmophyllum pertusum from throughout US waters along the eastern continental margin and the Gulf of Mexico. The raw sequence data are archived in the GenBank Bioproject PRJNA1027916 at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/

Tags: biota, usgs-66957ddbd34eef7f31169608
Organization: Department of the Interior
National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 Accuracy Assessment Points Conterminous United States

The land-cover thematic accuracy of NLCD 2001 was assessed from a probability-sample of 15,000 pixels. NLCD 2001 overall Anderson Level II and Level I accuracies were 78.7% and 85.3%, respectively. Accuracy results are reported for 10 geographic regions of the United States, with regional overall accuracies ranging from 68% to 86% for Level II and from 79% to 91% at Level I. Geographic variation in class-specific accuracy was strongly associated with the phenomenon that regionally more abundant land-cover classes had higher accuracy.

Tags: accuracy-assessment, imagerybasemapsearthcover, land-cover, land-cover-change, nlcd, reference-data-quality, u-s, united-states, us, usgs-66956511d34eba98af25c739
Organization: Department of the Interior
Drone imagery for CRMS Site 3166 (Orthomosaic)

South Louisiana's continued land-loss due to erosion and subsidence is a constant process and demands attention though restoration and mitigation efforts.  Data is needed to determine elevation and vegetation related to subsidence, climate change and saltwater intrusion.  This information is critical to our partners for continued monitoring of marsh in degrading landscapes.  Whether from subsidence, erosion or other factors, changing sediments are having detrimental effects on the marsh landscape.  Providing imagery and digital surface models will help researchers correlate other datasets to determine factors contributing to marsh changes.

Tags: biota, coastal-restoration-and-monitoring-system, louisiana-drone-imagery, louisiana-marsh-loss, usgs-66952bb7d34e5956a8cbbb0f
Organization: Department of the Interior
Drone imagery for CRMS Site 0224 (DTM)

South Louisiana's continued land-loss due to erosion and subsidence is a constant process and demands attention through restoration and mitigation efforts.  Data is needed to determine elevation and vegetation related to subsidence, climate change and saltwater intrusion.  This information is critical to our partners for continued monitoring of marsh in degrading landscapes.  Whether from subsidence, erosion or other factors, changing sediments are having detrimental effects on the marsh landscape.  Providing imagery and digital surface models will help researchers correlate other datasets to determine factors contributing to marsh changes.

Tags: biota, coastal-restoration-and-monitoring-system, louisiana-drone-imagery, louisiana-marsh-loss, usgs-66952b9ed34e5956a8cbbb0d
Organization: Department of the Interior
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances along the St Louis River and in the Duluth, MN area 2019-2021

Tree swallow nest boxes were deployed at sites proximal to two putative aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) sources in the Duluth, MN area, as well as along the St. Louis River and a reference lake for comparative purposes. The two AFFF sites were the current Duluth Air National Guard Base (ANG) and the Lake Superior College Emergency Response Training Center.  Concentrations of between 13 and 40 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), depending on year, were quantified in tree swallow egg, nestling carcasses, and stomach contents.  Assessments were made for oxidative stress and ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase biomarker responses in liver tissue, thyroid hormone levels in plasma and thyroid glands, DNA damage in red blood cells, and two measures of immune response (haptoglobin-like activity and immunoglobulin) in plasma of the nestlings. Additionally, other contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls, other legacy organochlorine pesticides, and trace elements were assessed at sites with no previous data. Total egg PFAS concentrations at the ANG site and north of there were 30 – 40 times higher than at the reference lake while nestling PFAS concentrations were 10 – 15 times higher than at the reference lake. In contrast, although the St. Louis River sites had slightly elevated egg and nestling PFAS concentrations relative to the reference lake (2 – 5 times higher), although those concentrations were not significantly higher. One PFAS, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), was proportionately higher, as a proportion of total PFAS, at sites with a known AFFF source compared to the reference lake, but also compared to sites along the St. Louis River with mainly urban and industrial sources of PFAS. The ratio of total carboxylates to total sulfonates also distinguished between PFAS sources. There were few to no differences in biomarker responses among sites, and no association with PFAS exposure.

Tags: biomarkers, biota, greater-duluth-mn-region, pfas, st-louis-river, tree-swallows, usgs-6695283ad34e5956a8cbbae9
Organization: Department of the Interior
Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources-Anadarko and Southern Oklahoma Basins: Chapter R. Spatial Data

This data release provides shapefiles that represent storage assessment units (SAUs) and drilling-density cells in the Anadarko and Southern Oklahoma Basins of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas in the United States. The SAU is the fundamental unit used in the National Assessment of Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources project for the assessment of geologic CO2 storage resources. The SAU is a geographic polygon interpreted, defined, and mapped by the geologist responsible for the assessment interval. Individual SAUs are defined on the basis of common geologic and hydrologic characteristics. The resource that is assessed is the mass of CO2 that can be stored in the technically accessible pore volume of a storage formation. The technically accessible storage resource is one that may be available using present-day geological and engineering knowledge and technology for CO2 injection into geologic formations and therefore is not a total in-place resource estimate. The SAU polygon is defined geologically as the limits of the geologic elements that define the SAU, such as limits of reservoir rock, geologic structures, depth, and seal lithologies. The only exceptions to this are SAUs that border the international, or Federal-State water boundary. In these cases, the international or Federal-State water boundary forms part of the SAU boundary.
Drilling-density cell maps show the number of wells that have been drilled into the SAU. Each 1-square-mile cell has a count for the number of unique well boreholes drilled into the SAU. For a given sedimentary basin, the National Assessment of Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources project identifies SAUs containing the potential for storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide. Proprietary well header data from IHS ENERDEQ through 2010 were queried to determine which wells were drilled into specific SAUs. The coordinates of wells are proprietary and cannot be released; however, counts of the number of wells per square mile are presented in the well drilling density data layer.

Tags: boundaries, c505801-anadarko-and-southern-oklahoma-basins, carbon-dioxide, co2-storage-resources, colorado, drilling-density-cell-map, earth-science, kansas, national-assessment-of-geologic-carbon-dioxide-storage-resources, natural-resources, oklahoma, resource-assessment, storage-assessment-unit, texas, u-s-geological-survey, u-s-geological-survey-world-energy-region-5, united-states, us08, us20, us40, us48, usgs, usgs-669165a0d34efe33cf415922
Organization: Department of the Interior
Hydrogeologic framework database and model, Mountain Home area, southern Idaho

Groundwater in the arid Mountain Home area is vital to agricultural, municipal, industrial and other water users who are concerned about declining groundwater levels. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources, developed a hydrogeologic framework to provide a conceptual understanding of groundwater resources in the Mountain Home area. As part of the hydrogeologic framework, a digital borehole database was compiled and used to generate a three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework model to represent the distribution and thickness of five hydrogeologic units: granite, rhyolite, basalt, fine-grained sediments, and coarse-grained sediments. The digital borehole database was compiled from existing data; it contains borehole location, lithology, construction, and groundwater-level data for 540 boreholes in the Mountain Home area. A gridded dataset representing the surficial distribution of hydrogeologic units, derived from the statewide geologic map, was also developed to fill gaps in the spatial distribution of boreholes. The three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework model of the Mountain Home area was generated from the borehole database and surficial hydrogeologic units, and an animation showing the model cut-away in successive slices was created. More information on digital borehole information, surficial hydrogeology, model construction, and limitations can be found in the companion report, SIR 2024-5132 (Hydrogeologic framework of the Mountain Home area, southern Idaho by L.M. Zinsser and S.D. Ducar).

Tags: ada-county, cinder-cone-butte, elmore-county, geology, groundwater, hydrogeology, id, idaho, inlandwaters, mathematical-modeling, mountain-home, snake-river-plain, usa, usgs-66914b3fd34efe33cf415721, water-resource-management
Organization: Department of the Interior