AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
GOES-R Series Level 1b SEISS Energetic Heavy Ion Sensor (EHIS) Product in Daily Aggregations

The Energetic Heavy Ions product contains heavy ion directional differential flux values measured in situ in geostationary orbit. The differential flux values are produced for the Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen (CNO), Neon-Sulfur (Ne-S), and Chlorine-Nickel (Cl-Ni) mass groups, and for individual elements between Beryllium and Copper (Be-Cu). The product includes data quality information that provides an assessment of the differential flux values, including whether they are invalid, and an indication of good or degraded quality. The rationale for the quality assessment is also given. (See the README file for additional quality assessments.) For each mass group, heavy ion flux is reported in five energy bands for one angular zone. Similarly, for each element in the elemental group, heavy ion flux is reported in five energy bands for one angular zone. The five energy bands are evenly spaced logarithmically spanning from 10 to 200 MeV per nucleon for the H and He mass groups. For all the mass groups and the elemental group, the energy band bounds are dynamic and included in the product. The one angular zone has a central look-angle that is anti-earthward and has a 60 degree conical field of view. The units of measure for the directional differential flux values are particles per second per square centimeter per steradian per (megaelectron volt per nucleon).  The Level 1b product has a 5-minute cadence, corresponding to an accumulation of counts over a 5-minute period.

Tags: alpha particle flux, earth magnetic field, earth science, geostationary operational environmental satellites, goes, goes (geostationary operational environmental satellite), heavy nuclei flux, ion flux, magnetosphere (other), noaa onestop project, particle composition, particle detectors, seiss-goesr, solar energetic particle flux, solar energetic particle properties, solar/space observation satellites, solar/space observing instruments, space, sun-earth interactions, temporal resolution range: 1 minute - < 1 hour
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Quick-Reduce Outputs (oQR)

Originally constructed in 1995, the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) is a network of six identical ground-based solar telescopes distributed around the Earth in order to obtain continuous observations of the Sun.  Those sites are located in Big Bear, California (BB); Mauna Loa, Hawaii (ML); Learmonth, Australia (LE); Udaipur, India (UD); El Teide, Spain (TD); and Cerro Tololo, Chile (CT).  Additionally, there are three engineering/testbed sites in Boulder, Colorado (TC, TE, and TS).  Owned by the National Science Foundation, GONG is operated and maintained by the National Solar Observatory (NSO) with significant funding from NOAAâs Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC).  Each minute, weather permitting, the GONG network observes the Sun at two spectral wavelengths: 676.78nm (a Ni I absorption line) and 656.28nm (the H-alpha absorption line).

Tags: doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, earth science, global oscillation network group, global oscillation network group instrument, global oscillation network group network, gong, gong instrument, gong network, ionosphere/magnetosphere dynamics, magnetic fields/magnetic currents, national centers for environmental information, nesdis, noaa, sun-earth interactions, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
GOES-R Series Magnetometer (MAG) Level 2 Products

The GOES-R spacecraft includes a pair of boom-mounted fluxgate magnetometer instruments which operate simultaneously to obtain measurements of the geomagnetic field. The Magnetometer Subsystem supports the following mission objectives: 1) Map the space environment that controls charged particle dynamics in the outer region of the magnetosphere, 2) Measure the magnitude and direction of the Earth's ambient magnetic field in three orthogonal directions in the geosynchronous equatorial orbit, 3) Determine general level of geomagnetic activity, and 4) Detect magnetopause crossings, storm sudden commencements, and substorms.
These MAG Level 2 (L2) data include several different products: high-resolution magnetic field readings in multiple coordinate systems; one--minute magnetic field averages in multiple coordinate systems; magnetic field deviation from quiescent state; and the geo-magnetopause crossing location and identification of when geo-magnetopause crosses satellite paths. Data are in netCDF-4 format.

Tags: doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, earth observation satellites, earth science, fgm, fluxgate magnetometer, geostationary operational environmental satellite 16, geostationary operational environmental satellite 17, geostationary operational environmental satellite 18, geostationary operational environmental satellite 19, goes (geostationary operational environmental satellite), goes-16, goes-17, goes-18, goes-19, ionosphere/magnetosphere dynamics, magnetic field/electric field instruments, magnetic fields/magnetic currents, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, observedregion.earth.magnetosphere, solar/space observing instruments, spase.measurementtype.magneticfield, sun-earth interactions, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
GOES-R Series Level 1b EXIS X-Ray Sensor (XRS) Product in Daily Aggregations

The EUV and X-Ray Irradiance Sensors (EXIS) measures solar irradiance at the very short wavelengths where the Sun's output varies the most. The GOES-R Extreme Ultraviolet and X-Ray Irradiance Sensors (EXIS) X-Ray Sensor (XRS) Level 1b (L1b) Science-Quality data contains 1-second cadence soft X-Ray irradiance measurements covering 0.05-0.4 nm and 0.1-0.8 nm integrated passbands. EXIS was designed and built by the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado Boulder. This science-quality dataset is produced by NOAAâs National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and utilizes code provided by LASP, and differs from the L1b operational product used at the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) in that it incorporates retrospective fixes for issues in the operational product and uses the most recent calibrations.

Tags: earth magnetic field, earth science, exis-xrs-goesr, geostationary operational environmental satellites, goes, goes (geostationary operational environmental satellite), magnetosphere (other), noaa onestop project, solar activity, solar x-ray emissions, solar/space observation satellites, solar/space observing instruments, space, sun-earth interactions, temporal resolution range: 1 second - < 1 minute, x-ray/gamma ray detectors
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Indices - Plage Regions

Collection includes a variety of indices related to solar activity contributed by a number of national and private solar observatories located worldwide. This metadata record is currently under construction.[SolarIndices A]

Tags: chromosphere, corona, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, photosphere, solar active regions, solar activity, solar imagery, solar observatory stations, solar region, solar telescope, space, sun-earth interactions, sunspots, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Indices - Solar Flares

Collection includes a variety of indices related to solar activity contributed by a number of national and private solar observatories located worldwide. This metadata record is currently under construction.[SolarIndices A]

Tags: chromosphere, corona, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, photosphere, solar active regions, solar activity, solar imagery, solar observatory stations, solar region, solar telescope, space, sun-earth interactions, sunspots, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Features - Solar Flares

A solar flare is a short-lived sudden increase in the intensity of radiation emitted in the neighborhood of sunspots. For many years it was best monitored in the H-alpha wavelength and occurs in the chromosphere, though occasionally white light flares are seen in the photosphere. In modern times the solar X-ray wavelengths are monitored via satellite for solar flares. Flares are characterized by a rise time of the order of minutes and a decay time of the order of tens of minutes. The total energy expended in a typical flare is about 1030 ergs; the magnetic field is extraordinarily high reaching values of 100 to 10,000 gauss. Optical flares in H-alpha are usually accompanied by radio and X-ray bursts and occasionally by high-energy particle emissions.
          The optical brightness and size of the flare are indicated by a two-character code called "importance." The first character, a number from 1 to 4, indicates the apparent area. For areas of less than 1, an "S" is used to designate a subflare. The second character indicates relative brilliance: B for bright, N for normal and F for faint. A general discussion of solar flares is found in Svestka [1976]. The NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (formerly NGDC) holds archives for about 80 stations, covering the period 1938 to the present. Currently 5 stations send their data to NGDC Boulder on a routine monthly basis -- the current main observing emphasis for Space Weather has transitioned to Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) which directly impact the Earth's geomagnetic field. Solar flares impact the Earth's upper atmosphere and can eject high energy particles that can cause satellite failures. The flare reports were processed and published in the monthly report "Solar-Geophysical Data" and in a different format in the IAU "Quarterly Bulletin on Solar Activity."

Tags: chromosphere, corona, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, flares, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, photon/optical detectors, photosphere, solar activity, solar region, solar telescopes, solar/space observation satellites, solar/space observing instruments, space, sun-earth interactions, telescopes, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Radio

Scientists monitor the structure of the solar corona, the outer most regions of the Sun's atmosphere, using radio waves (100âs of MHz to 10âs of GHz). Variations in the 
          radiowave spectrum reveal characteristics of the corona and upper chromosphere in terms of altitude profile for the local plasma temperature, density and magnetic field. Typically, the lower 
          the frequency then the higher the height of origin. The frequency, like the solar electron density, decreases uniformly outwards with 245 MHz originating high in the corona whereas 15,400 MHz 
          originates in the low corona. Radio bursts are associated with solar flares. The delay at Earth of the different radio frequencies during burst events is due to the outward movement of the source. 
          Bursts can have temperatures of 10xE12 degrees Kelvin. Large bursts last 10 to 20 minutes on average. Longer radio noise storms of persistent and variable high levels of radiation originate in 
          sunspot groups, areas of large, intense magnetic fields. These storms are strongly circularly polarized due to the intense magnetic fields. The microwave wavelength 2800 MHz daily radio flux 
          correlates highly with the daily sunspot number and the two databases are used interchangeably. The 2800 MHz, or 10.7 cm, responds to the same conditions that produce changes in the visible and 
          X-ray wavelengths. Schmahl and Kundu (1995) find that the solar radio fluxes in the spectral range 1000-9400 MHz correlate well with the total solar irradiance. The intermediate frequencies 
          (at 2800 and 3750 MHz) are produced mainly by free-free gyroresonance emission from sunspot structures, while 1000 and 9400 MHz flux are produced mainly by free-free processes from structures 
          associated with plages. They can distinguish plage-associated emission from spot-associated emission in the time series of microwave flux, both contributing opposing effects on the total 
          solar irradiance.

Tags: chromosphere, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, solar active regions, solar activity, solar imagery, solar observatory stations, solar region, solar telescope, space, sun-earth interactions, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Indices - Sunspot Numbers

Collection includes a variety of indices related to solar activity contributed by a number of national and private solar observatories located worldwide. This metadata record is currently under construction.[SolarIndices A]

Tags: chromosphere, corona, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, photosphere, solar active regions, solar activity, solar imagery, solar observatory stations, solar region, solar telescope, space, sun-earth interactions, sunspots, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Indices Bulletin

Solar Indices Bulletin is a prompt monthly information product that is distributed within two weeks after the observation month closes. For the month just ended, this 2-page circular tabulates daily values of sunspot numbers and 10.7 cm solar radio flux observed at Penticton (previously at Ottawa); flux measurements at eight other wavelengths are included. Page 2 of the Bulletin gives a table of smoothed monthly mean sunspot numbers for the current solar cycle--a table that begins with smoothed observed values for each month and ends with predictions.

Tags: chromosphere, corona, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, photosphere, solar active regions, solar activity, solar imagery, solar observatory stations, solar region, solar telescope, space, sun-earth interactions, sunspots, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Indices - Solar Ultraviolet

Collection includes a variety of indices related to solar activity contributed by a number of national and private solar observatories located worldwide. This metadata record is currently under construction.[SolarIndices A]

Tags: chromosphere, corona, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, photosphere, solar active regions, solar activity, solar imagery, solar observatory stations, solar region, solar telescope, space, sun-earth interactions, sunspots, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Features - Prominences and Filaments

Prominences and filaments are two manifestations of the same phenomenon. Both prominences and filaments are features formed above the chromosphere by cool dense gases held in place by solar magnetic fields. Filaments are observed on the solar disk as dark structures as seen against the hotter chromosphere whereas prominences on the limb appear bright against the perspective of outer space. The scale sizes for prominences and filaments are typically many thousands kilometers. Solar observers typically view prominences and filaments in Hydrogen alpha (656.3 nm). Filaments are sometimes referred to as floccule (plural of flocculus). Prominences and filaments can rapidly form over a period of a day but then typically persist for several weeks and, in some cases, several months. At breakup the gases within these previously stable structures may be explosively released into space in the form of a coronal mass ejection (CME). Space weather operators have and continue to monitor the location and character of prominences and filaments as potential precursors on near-earth geomagnetic activity. (Browse image provided courtesy of http://www.greatdreams.com)

Tags: chromosphere, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, solar active regions, solar activity, solar imagery, solar observatory stations, solar region, solar telescope, space, sun-earth interactions, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Indices - Solar Irradiance

Collection includes a variety of indices related to solar activity contributed by a number of national and private solar observatories located worldwide. This metadata record is currently under construction.[SolarIndices A]

Tags: chromosphere, corona, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, photosphere, solar active regions, solar activity, solar imagery, solar observatory stations, solar region, solar telescope, space, sun-earth interactions, sunspots, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Geophysical Data (SGD) Reports (1955-2009)

Solar-Geophysical Data (SGD) reports were a comprehensive compilation of many different kinds of observational data of the sun's activity and its effects on the Earth. Data from the worldwide network of geophysical and solar observatories were compiled each month. The data began to be complied in November 1955 and ended in September 2009. SGD helped keep researchers informed of the major events on the sun and associated interplanetary, ionospheric, radio propagation and other geophysical effects. This report series was made possible through the cooperation of many observatories, laboratories and agencies worldwide. Data included: daily maps of the sun showing active regions, daily sunspot information, event data such as solar radio and flare events, satellite data such as solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field measurements, cosmic ray data, geomagnetic activity data, and ionospheric propagation indices. The SGD was divided into two reports, the Prompt Report contained data available for one and two months before the report publication date and the Comprehensive Report that contained data that became available six months after the report publication date.

Tags: aurorae, chromosphere, corona, corona holes, coronagraphs, coronal mass ejections, cosmic rays, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, earth magnetic field, electron flux, geomagnetic indices, hepad, high energy proton and alpha detector, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, ionosphere, ionosphere/magnetosphere dynamics, magnetic fields/magnetic currents, magnetic storms, magnetosphere (other), national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, particle density, particle speed, photosphere, proton flux, radio telescopes, sem, sem-2, solar active regions, solar activity, solar energetic particle flux, solar energetic particle properties, solar flares, solar imagery, solar irradiance, solar observatory stations, solar prominences/solar filaments, solar radio wave emissions, solar region, solar synoptic maps, solar telescope, solar telescopes, solar ultraviolet emissions, solar wind, solar x-ray emissions, solar x-ray imager, soon solar telescopes, space, space environment monitor, space environment monitor-2, sun-earth interactions, sunspots, sxi, u.s. department of commerce, van allen radiation belts, vertical location, x-ray flux
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Features - Solar Flares - Index

Daily index of solar flare activity.

Tags: chromosphere, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, solar active regions, solar activity, solar imagery, solar observatory stations, solar region, solar telescope, space, sun-earth interactions, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Features - Prominences and Filaments - Filaments

Filaments are formed in magnetic loops that hold relatively cool, dense gas suspended above the surface of the Sun (David Hathaway/NASA)

Tags: chromosphere, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, solar active regions, solar activity, solar imagery, solar observatory stations, solar region, solar telescope, space, sun-earth interactions, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Indices

Collection includes a variety of indices related to solar activity contributed by a number of national and private solar observatories located worldwide. This metadata record is currently under construction.[SolarIndices A]

Tags: chromosphere, corona, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, photosphere, solar active regions, solar activity, solar imagery, solar observatory stations, solar region, solar telescope, space, sun-earth interactions, sunspots, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Solar Features - Solar Flares - H-Alpha

A short-lived sudden increase in the intensity or radiation emitted in the neighborhood of sunspots monitored in H-alpha.

Tags: chromosphere, doc/noaa/nesdis/ncei, doc/noaa/nesdis/ngdc, icsu-wds, international council for science - world data system, national centers for environmental information, national geophysical data center, nesdis, noaa, noaa - space weather program, solar active regions, solar activity, solar imagery, solar observatory stations, solar region, solar telescope, space, sun-earth interactions, u.s. department of commerce
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce