AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Prominent medical journals often provide insufficient information to assess the validity of studies with negative results

Background
          Physicians reading the medical literature attempt to determine whether research studies are valid. However, articles with negative results may not provide sufficient information to allow physicians to properly assess validity.
        
        
          Methods
          We analyzed all original research articles with negative results published in 1997 in the weekly journals BMJ, JAMA, Lancet, and New England Journal of Medicine as well as those published in the 1997 and 1998 issues of the bimonthly Annals of Internal Medicine (N = 234). Our primary objective was to quantify the proportion of studies with negative results that comment on power and present confidence intervals. Secondary outcomes were to quantify the proportion of these studies with a specified effect size and a defined primary outcome. Stratified analyses by study design were also performed.
        
        
          Results
          Only 30% of the articles with negative results comment on power. The reporting of power (range: 15%-52%) and confidence intervals (range: 55–81%) varied significantly among journals. Observational studies of etiology/risk factors addressed power less frequently (15%, 95% CI, 8–21%) than did clinical trials (56%, 95% CI, 46–67%, p < 0.001). While 87% of articles with power calculations specified an effect size the authors sought to detect, a minority gave a rationale for the effect size. Only half of the studies with negative results clearly defined a primary outcome.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Prominent medical journals often provide insufficient information to assess the validity of studies with negative results.

Tags: medical-journals, negative-results, nih, research-validity, statistical-power
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Behavioral Health Barometer: New Mexico, 2015

This is a behavioral health report for the state of New Mexico. The report utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), and the Uniform Reporting System. The topics addressed in the report include youth substance use, youth mental health and treatment, mental health and treatment, substance use and substance use treatment.

Tags: behavioral-health, new-mexico, samhsa, substance-use, youth-mental-health
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2002 Discharges from Substance Abuse Treatment Services

This report presents results from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) for clients discharged from substance abuse treatment in 2002. The report provides information on treatment completion, length of stay in treatment, and demographic and substance abuse characteristics of the approximately 800,000 people discharged from alcohol or drug treatment in facilities that report to individual state administrative data systems.

Tags: alcohol-drug-treatment, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, teds, treatment-outcomes
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Ohio (OH)

This report uses 2008 to 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to assess past year alcohol use disorder and illicit drug use disorder among persons aged 12 or older for Ohio overall and for substate regions within Ohio. Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE).

Tags: alcohol-abuse, mental-health-ohio, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use-disorder
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Publications Using SAMHSA Data2023 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table For Virginia

This is the 2023 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Virginia. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence-based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa, urs-data, virginia-mental-health
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Synthesis of a novel hepatitis C virus protein by ribosomal frameshift

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important human pathogen that affects ∼100 million people worldwide. Its RNA genome codes for a polyprotein, which is cleaved by viral and cellular proteases to produce at least 10 mature viral protein products. We report here the discovery of a novel HCV protein synthesized by ribosomal frameshift. This protein, which we named the F protein, is synthesized from the initiation codon of the polyprotein sequence followed by ribosomal frameshift into the –2/+1 reading frame. This ribosomal frameshift requires only codons 8–14 of the core protein-coding sequence, and the shift junction is located at or near codon 11. An F protein analog synthesized in vitro reacted with the sera of HCV patients but not with the sera of hepatitis B patients, indicating the expression of the F protein during natural HCV infection. This unexpected finding may open new avenues for the development of anti-HCV drugs.

Tags: hcv-infection, hepatitis-c, nih, ribosomal-frameshift, viral-protein
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Mechanistic distinctions between agrin and laminin-1 induced aggregation of acetylcholine receptors

Background
          One of the earliest steps in synaptogenesis at the neuromuscular junction is the aggregation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the postsynaptic membrane. This study presents quantitative analyses of receptor and α-Dystroglycan aggregation in response to agrin and laminin-1, alone or in combination.
        
        
          Results
          Both laminin and agrin increased overall expression of receptors on the plasma membrane. Following a 24 hour exposure, agrin increased the number of receptor aggregates but did not affect the number of α-Dystroglycan aggregates, while the reverse was true of laminin-1. Laminin also increased receptor concentration within aggregates, while agrin had no such effect. Finally, the spatial distribution of aggregates was indistinguishable from random in the case of laminin, while agrin induced aggregates were closer together than predicted by a random model.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Agrin and laminin-1 both increase acetylcholine receptor aggregate size after 24 hours, but several lines of evidence indicate that this is achieved via different mechanisms. Agrin and laminin had different effects on the number and density of receptor and α-Dystroglycan aggregates. Moreover the random distribution of laminin induced (as opposed to agrin induced) receptor aggregates suggests that the former may influence aggregate size by simple mass action effects due to increased receptor expression.

Tags: acetylcholine-receptors, agrin-laminin-interactions, neuromuscular-junction, nih, synaptogenesis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Assessing the molecular genetics of attention networks

Background
          Current efforts to study the genetic underpinnings of higher brain functions have been lacking appropriate phenotypes to describe cognition. One of the problems is that many cognitive concepts for which there is a single word (e.g. attention) have been shown to be related to several anatomical networks. Recently, we have developed an Attention Network Test (ANT) that provides a separate measure for each of three anatomically defined attention networks.
        
        
          Results
          In this study we have measured the efficiency of neural networks related to aspects of attention using the ANT in a population of 200 adult subjects. We then examined genetic polymorphisms in four candidate genes (DRD4, DAT, COMT and MAOA) that have been shown to contribute to the risk of developing various psychiatric disorders where attention is disrupted. We find modest associations of several polymorphisms with the efficiency of executive attention but not with overall performance measures such as reaction time.
        
        
          Conclusions
          These results suggest that genetic variation may underlie inter-subject variation in the efficiency of executive attention. This study also shows that genetic influences on executive attention may be specific to certain anatomical networks rather than affecting performance in a global or non-specific manner. Lastly, this study further validates the ANT as an endophenotypic assay suitable for assessing how genes influence certain anatomical networks that may be disrupted in various psychiatric disorders.

Tags: attention-network-test, attention-networks, executive-attention, genetic-polymorphisms, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Cartilage-specific autoimmunity in animal models and clinical aspects in patients – focus on relapsing polychondritis

Relapsing polychondritis is an autoimmune disease in which an inappropriate immune response destroys cartilage. Cartilage of the ears, larynx and nose rather than spine and joint cartilage is affected by a chronic relapsing and erosive inflammation. Several animal models for relapsing polychondritis have been published in which immunization with various cartilage proteins induces a variety of chondritis symptoms that mimic those seen in patients. In this review we describe the collagens, matrilin-1 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein as potential autoantigens able to trigger the tissue-specific immune response seen both in patients and in animal models for relapsing polychondritis and related autoimmune diseases.

Tags: animal-models, autoimmune-disease, cartilage-inflammation, nih, relapsing-polychondritis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2011 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Hawaii

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for 2011. The Uniform Reporting System (URS) is a state and national reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: community-mental-health, hawaii, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
West Virginia: 2011-2012 NSDUH

This report presents West Virginia\'s estimates for 25 measures of substance use and mental health based on the combined 2011 and 2012 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE). Resuts are provided by State and for five age groups: 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 or older, 18 or older and all persons 12 or older.

Tags: mental-health, nsduh, samhsa, substance-use, west-virginia
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The average cost of measles cases and adverse events following vaccination in industrialised countries

Background
          Even though the annual incidence rate of measles has dramatically decreased in industrialised countries since the implementation of universal immunisation programmes, cases continue to occur in countries where endemic measles transmission has been interrupted and in countries where adequate levels of immunisation coverage have not been maintained. The objective of this study is to develop a model to estimate the average cost per measles case and per adverse event following measles immunisation using the Netherlands (NL), the United Kingdom (UK) and Canada as examples.
        
        
          Methods
          Parameter estimates were based on a review of the published literature. A decision tree was built to represent the complications associated with measles cases and adverse events following imminisation. Monte-Carlo Simulation techniques were used to account for uncertainty.
        
        
          Results
          From the perspective of society, we estimated the average cost per measles case to be US$276, US$307 and US$254 for the NL, the UK and Canada, respectively, and the average cost of adverse events following immunisation per vaccinee to be US$1.43, US$1.93 and US$1.51 for the NL, UK and Canada, respectively.
        
        
          Conclusions
          These average cost estimates could be combined with incidence estimates and costs of immunisation programmes to provide estimates of the cost of measles to industrialised countries. Such estimates could be used as a basis to estimate the potential economic gains of global measles eradication.

Tags: economic-model, immunization-program, measles-cost, nih, vaccination-adverse-events
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Why the fair innings argument is not persuasive

The fair innings argument (FIA) is frequently put forward as a justification for denying elderly patients treatment when they are in competition with younger patients and resources are scarce. In this paper I will examine some arguments that are used to support the FIA. My conclusion will be that they do not stand up to scrutiny and therefore, the FIA should not be used to justify the denial of treatment to elderly patients, or to support rationing of health care by age.
        There are six issues arising out of the FIA which are to be addressed. First, the implication that there is such a thing as a fair share of life. Second, whether it makes sense to talk of a fair share of resources in the context of health care and the FIA. Third, that 'fairness' is usually only mentioned with regard to the length of a person's life, and not to any other aspect of it. Fourth, if it is sensible to discuss the merits of the FIA without taking account of the 'all other things being equal' argument. Fifth, the difference between what is unfair and what is unfortunate. Finally, that it is tragic if a young person dies, but only unfortunate if an elderly person does.

Tags: age-based-rationing, elderly-care, fair-innings-argument, healthcare-resource-allocation, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Northeast (NE)

This report presents estimates for measures of substance use and mental health based on the combined 2010 and 2011 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE). Resuts are provided for the northeast (e.g., combines Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont) for five age groups: 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 or older, 18 or older and all persons 12 or older.

Tags: mental-health, northeast-region, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Substance Abuse Treatment Before the Affordable Care Act: Trends in Social and Economic Characteristics of Facilities and Admissions, 2006 to 2011

This is a Behavioral Health Services Information System (BHSIS) short report explaining substance abuse treatment before the Affordable Care Act and the trends in social and economic characteristics of facilities and admissions from 2006 to 2011 in the United States.

Tags: addiction-treatment-trends, affordable-care-act, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, treatment-facility-characteristics
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2014 CMHS Uniform Reporting System Output Tables

2014 Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables. The URS is a state, national, and territories reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-program, mental-health-services, outcome-measures, samhsa, state-mental-health
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
NO-independent regulatory site of direct sGC stimulators like YC-1 and BAY 41-2272

Background
          The most important receptor for nitic oxide is the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heme containing heterodimer. Recently, a pyrazolopyridine derivative BAY 41-2272, structurally related to YC-1, was identified stimulating soluble guanylate cyclase in an NO-independent manner, which results in vasodilatation and antiplatelet activity. The study described here addresses the identification of the NO-independent site on soluble guanylate cyclase.
        
        
          Results
          We developed a photoaffinity label (3H-meta-PAL) for the direct and NO-independent soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator BAY 41-2272 by introducing an azido-group into the tritium labeled compound. The synthesized photoaffinitylabel directly stimulates the purified sGC and shows in combination with NO a synergistic effect on sGC activity. Irradiation with UV light of 3H-meta-PAL together with the highly purified sGC leads to a covalent binding to the α1-subunit of the enzyme. This binding is blocked by unlabeled meta-PAL, YC-1 and BAY 41-2272. For further identification of the NO-independent regulatory site the 3H-meta-PAL labeled sGC was fragmented by CNBr digest. The 3H-meta-PAL binds to a CNBr fragment, consisting of the amino acids 236–290 of the α1-subunit. Determination of radioactivity of the single PTH-cycles from the sequencing of this CNBr fragment detected the cysteines 238 and 243 as binding residues of the 3H-meta-PAL.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Our data demonstrate that the region surrounding the cysteines 238 and 243 in the α1-subunit of the sGC could play an important role in regulation of sGC activity and could be the target of this new type of sGC stimulators.

Tags: bay-41-2272, nih, nitric-oxide-receptor, soluble-guanylate-cyclase, vasodilatation
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2020 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table For Iowa

This is the 2020 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Iowa. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-data, iowa, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Behavioral Health Barometer: Minnesota, 2013

This is a behavioral health report for the state of Minnesota. It uses the  National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (NSSATS) to address the topics of youth substance use , youth mental health and treatment, adult mental health and treatment, substance use, substance use treatment for the years 2008 to 2012.

Tags: behavioral-health, mental-health, minnesota, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Results from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental Health Findings

This page presents the report and detailed tables pertaining to mental health from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Both the report and detailed tables present national estimates of the prevalence of past year mental disorders and past year mental health service utilization for youths aged 12 to 17 and adults aged 18 or older. Among adults, estimates presented include rates and numbers of persons with any mental illness (AMI), serious mental illness (SMI), suicidal thoughts and behavior, major depressive episode (MDE), treatment for depression (among adults with MDE), and mental health service utilization. Estimates for youths include MDE, treatment for depression (among youths with MDE), and mental health service utilization. Measures related to the co-occurrence of mental disorders with substance use or with substance use disorders also are presented for both adults and youths. Results are provided for age group, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, employment status, poverty level, geographic area, insurance status. Comparisons are made between 2011 and 2002 to 2010.

Tags: major-depressive-episode, mental-health, samhsa, service-utilization, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2021-2022 NSDUH: Guide to Comparison of Population Percentages Across Geographies

Learn how to access and use p-value tables to compare state-level estimates from the 2021-2022 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Thep-value tablesaccompany the2021-2022 NSDUH State Estimates of Substance Use and Mental Disorderswhich contain 35 measures of substance use and mental health across the nation, four Census regions, 50 states, and the District of Columbia. The guide describes the files and how to use the p-value tables to determine whether differences between two geographic areas are statistically significant.

Tags: mental-health, samhsa, state-estimates, statistical-significance, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Efficient adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into primary T cells and thymocytes in a new coxsackie/adenovirus receptor transgenic model

Background
          Gene transfer studies in primary T cells have suffered from the limitations of conventional viral transduction or transfection techniques. Replication-defective adenoviral vectors are an attractive alternative for gene delivery. However, naive lymphocytes are not readily susceptible to infection with adenoviruses due to insufficient expression of the coxsackie/adenovirus receptor.
        
        
          Results
          To render T cells susceptible to adenoviral gene transfer, we have developed three new murine transgenic lines in which expression of the human coxsackie/adenovirus receptor (hCAR) with a truncated cytoplasmic domain (hCARΔcyt) is limited to thymocytes and lymphocytes under direction of a human CD2 mini-gene. hCARΔcyt.CD2 transgenic mice were crossed with DO11.10 T cell receptor transgenic mice (DO11.hCARΔcyt) to allow developmental studies in a defined, clonal T cell population. Expression of hCARΔcyt enabled adenoviral transduction of resting primary CD4+ T cells, differentiated effector T cells and thymocytes from DO11.hCARΔcyt with high efficiency. Expression of hCARΔcyt transgene did not perturb T cell development in these mice and adenoviral transduction of DO11.hCARΔcyt T cells did not alter their activation status, functional responses or differentiative potential. Adoptive transfer of the transduced T cells into normal recipients did not modify their physiologic localization.
        
        
          Conclusion
          The DO11.hCARΔcyt transgenic model thus allows efficient gene transfer in primary T cell populations and will be valuable for novel studies of T cell activation and differentiation.

Tags: adenoviral-transduction, gene-transfer, nih, t-cell-receptor, thymocyte-development
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services