AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
LBA Regional Land Cover from AVHRR, 8-km, 1984 (DeFries et al.)

This data set is a subset of an 8-km global land cover product (DeFries et al. 1998). This subset was created for the study area of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) in South America (i.e., latitude 10° N to 25° S, longitude 30° to 85° W). The data are in ASCII GRID file format. To develop improved methodologies for global land cover classifications as well as to provide global land cover products for immediate use in global change research, researchers at the Laboratory for Global Remote Sensing Studies at the University of Maryland employed the NASA/NOAA Pathfinder AVHRR Land (PAL) data set with a spatial resolution of 8 km. The PAL data set has a length of record of 14 years (1981-1994), providing the ability to test the stability of classification algorithms. Furthermore, the data set includes red, infrared, and thermal bands in addition to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Inclusion of these additional bands improves discrimination between cover types. The project's aim was to develop and validate global land cover data sets and to develop advanced methodologies for more realistically describing the vegetative land surface based on satellite data. The global land cover product (Defries et al. 1998) was derived by testing several metrics that describe the temporal dynamics of vegetation over an annual cycle. These metrics were applied to 1984 PAL data at 8-km resolution to derive a global land cover classification product using a decision tree classifier. The final product contains 13 land cover classes. The original 8-km global land cover product is available for download from the University of Maryland's Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) Web site (http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu/data/landcover/index.shtml). Additional information and references on this data set can be found at the GLCF Web site, as well as at the LGRSS Web site (http://www.geog.umd.edu/LGRSS/intro.html). More information can be found at ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/lba/land_use_land_cover_change/comp/land_cover_data_8km/glcf8km_readme.pdf. LBA was a cooperative international research initiative led by Brazil. NASA was a lead sponsor for several experiments. LBA was designed to create the new knowledge needed to understand the climatological, ecological, biogeochemical, and hydrological functioning of Amazonia; the impact of land use change on these functions; and the interactions between Amazonia and the Earth system. More information about LBA can be found at http://www.daac.ornl.gov/LBA/misc_amazon.html.

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-anthropogenic-human-influenced-ecosystems-agricultural-lands, earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-10 CO2 and H2O Eddy Flux Data at km 67 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest

This data set reports eddy flux measurements of CO2 and H2O exchange and associated meteorological measurements at the Para Western (Santarem) - km 67, Primary Forest Tower Site. This site is in the Tapajos National Forest located in north central Brazil. Measurements extend from January 2002 through January 2006.Eddy fluxes of CO2 and H2O were measured at two levels (58m and 47m) using tower-mounted closed-path Licor 6262 gas analyzers and Campbell CSAT3 sonic anemometers (Figure 1). Eddy-flux measurements were made at a sampling rate of 8 Hz and averaged over a 1 hour interval.. A comprehensive set of meteorological parameters (air temperature, pressure, PAR, net radiation, precipitation, etc) were also measured.Co-located measurements included a third Licor gas analyzer that measured (a) the CO2 and H2O concentration profiles at 8 levels in and above the canopy (1 level every 2 minutes) and (b) the instantaneous integrated canopy storage of CO2 and H2O, using a design that pulled air simultaneously through all 8 inlets (once every 20 minutes). See related data sets.With the permission of the author, Hutyra, L.R. 2007. Carbon and water exchange in Amazonian rainforests. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts., is included as a companion file.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-irradiance, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-water-vapor, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-primary-production, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-32 Flux Tower Network Data Compilation, Brazilian Amazon: 1999-2006, V2

This dataset is a compilation of carbon and energy eddy covariance flux, meteorology, radiation, canopy temperature, humidity, CO2 profiles and soil moisture and temperature profile data that were collected at nine towers across the Brazilian Amazon. Independent investigators provided the data from a variety of flux tower projects over the period 1999 thru 2006. This is Version 2 of the tower data compilation, where the data have been harmonized across projects, additional quality control checks were performed, and have been aggregated to hourly, daily, 16-day, and monthly timesteps. This integrated dataset is intended to facilitate integrative studies and data-model synthesis from a common reference point.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-net-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-respiration-rate
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO LC-01 Hydrography, Morphology, Edaphology Maps, Northern Ecuadorian Amazon

This data set provides map images of hydrographic, morphologic, and edaphic features for the northern Amazon Basin in eastern Ecuador. The hydrographic data are available at two scales based on the 1:50,000 and 1:250,000-scale topographic source maps that were generated in 1990 and 1993, respectively. Morphological and edaphological data were digitized from a 1:500,000 map published in 1983. There are 3 compressed (*.zip) data files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-features-rivers-streams
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-09 Soil and Vegetation Characteristics, Tapajos National Forest, Brazil

This data set reports the results of soil and vegetation surveys at four distinct areas within the Tapajos National Forest (TNF), 50 to 100 km south of Santarem, Para, Brazil, in November 1999. At 13 individual sites across the four areas, all located in primary forest, core soil samples at 10, 30 and 50 cm depths were collected and analyzed for dry mass, bulk density, texture, percentage carbon (C), percentage organic matter, and percentage nitrogen (N). At these 13 sites, vegetation was characterized for 250 m long by 10 m wide transects. Biomass was estimated for all stems over 10 cm DBH from allometric relationships for species, measured height, canopy dimension, and diameter. LAI was measured along the transect at 26 points with a LICOR LAI-2000. Canopy foliage samples were collected with a shotgun at dawn and leaf water potential was determined with a pressure chamber. Samples of foliage, wood, bark, fine roots, and litter were analyzed for %N, % C, delta 13C, and delta 15N. There are five comma-delimited ASCII data files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-soils-land-surface-carbon, earth-science-soils-land-surface-nitrogen, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-bulk-density, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-texture, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-forest-composition-vegetation-structure, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics-leaf-area-index-lai, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-litter-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-plant-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-species
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-10 Ground-based Biometry Data at km 67 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest

This data sets reports biometry measurements of the old-growth upland forest at the Para¡ Western (Santarrem)km 67, Primary Forest Tower Site. This site is in the Tapajos National Forest located in north central Brazil. Measurements extend from July 1999 through March 2005.To monitor tree woody increment, metal dendrometer bands (Figure 1) were placed on a sub-sample of 1000 trees in December 1999. The data set contains estimates of tree diameter at breast height (cm) based on caliper measurements made approximately every six weeks. The first column of data refers to the tree identification number. For a more detailed description of the biometry study refer to Rice et al. 2004.The data file contains a time series of DBH (cm) values from July 1999 through March 2005.

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-32 LBA Model Intercomparison Project (LBA-MIP) Forcing Data

The source meteorological observations for the forcing data, from the nine Brazilian flux towers, were recently published as Saleska, et al. (2013). See related data sets. These source data were gap-filled according to the LBA-MIP standard protocol. Note that the CAX forest tower was not included in the MIP. See the companion file driver_data.pdf for additional gap-filling information. There are 34 data products with this data set and they are provided in both text (.txt) and ALMA-compliant NetCDF (.nc) formats. The files have been compressed into nine *.zip files according to site.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-longwave-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-shortwave-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-wind-profiles
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-08 Radiocarbon Dating of Tree Ages in Amazonas, Acre, and Para in Brazil

This data set reports the ages and growth rates of trees determined by radiocarbon dating (14C) in three Amazonia forests. Tree samples were collected from permanent research plots at ZF2 km 34, Manaus, Amazonas, the Catuaba Experimental Farm, Acre, and the km 83 tower site (logged forest site) in the Tapajos National Forest, Para, between 2001-2003. Samples from 97 individual trees were either tree cores (Manaus and Acre) or a combination of tree cores and slabs cut from stems as part of the logging in the Tapajos National Forest (Para). Radiocarbon dating (14C) was used to determine the age and the mean diameter growth increment of samples from individual trees in various diameter size classes. These measurements can be used to verify and extend short-term diameter increment measurements done with dendrometers and to constrain models of tree demography. There is one comma-separated ASCII data file with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-tree-rings
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-10 CO Concentrations at km 67 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest

This data set contains half-hourly average CO mixing ratios measured from 2001/04/18 to 2003/08/29 in the old-growth upland forest at the Para Western (Santarem) - km 67, Primary Forest Tower Site. This site is in the Tapajos National Forest located in north central Brazil.CO concentrations were measured in air drawn from above the canopy top of tower (approx. 64 meters) using a TEI 48CTL instrument modified for increased stability and sensitivity. The sensor was frequently zeroed by passing ambient air over a CO oxidation catalyst. The span was checked 4 times daily by sampling calibration gases at 100 and 500 ppb. Time in the file is given in UTC (decimal date) at the start of each half hour interval.Associated meteorological parameters, CO2 concentrations and micrometerological fluxes are available in LBA-ECO CD-10 CO2 and H2O Eddy Flux Data at km 67 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest.

Tags: earth-science-air-quality-atmosphere-carbon-monoxide
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-05 Soil VWC and Meteorology, Rainfall Exclusion, Tapajos National Forest

This data set reports soil moisture expressed as volumetric water content (VWC), daily precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, and dew point measurements conducted at the Seca Floresta site, km 67, Tapajos National Forest, Brazil. The measurements were part of the Rainfall Exclusion Experiment (REE) established to study the response of a humid Amazonian forest to severe drought. VWC was measured with continuous high-resolution frequency-domain reflectometry to 11-m depth in two 1-ha plots from 1999 to 2007. One plot was subjected to ~75 percent throughfall exclusion during the rainy season (exclusion) and another monitored under normal conditions (control). Daily precipitation was measured in the control plot and in a nearby clearing between 1999 and 2006 using wedge rain gauges. Air temperature, relative humidity, and dew point were measured along the vertical forest profile of the control and dry plots of the site between 2000 and 2003. There are three comma-delimited data files (.csv) with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity, earth-science-land-surface-agriculture-indicators-climate-indicators-soil-moisture, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-06 Flux of CO2 from Amazon Mainstem Rivers, Tributaries, and Floodplains

This data set provides estimates of monthly carbon dioxide (CO2) flux from the Amazon mainstem rivers, tributary stream networks, and their associated varzeas (floodplains). CO2 flux was calculated using two aggregation approaches: for defined river basins (data file #2) and for defined river reaches (figure 2). Flux was calculated from (1) estimated surface water area by month for the Amazon mainstem rivers, associated varzeas, and tributary stream networks, (2) mean daily partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) concentrations for the mainstem rivers, and (3) calculated mean pCO2 values for the varzea waters. Mean monthly discharge data for 11 mainstem rivers are also included. There are five comma-delimited data files with this data set. Amazon mainstem is a region covering the Amazon/Solimoes River mainstem from 70 degrees W to 54 degrees W. Data from the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1) L-band synthetic aperture radar were used to estimate the areal coverage and inundation status of rivers and floodplains over 100 m in width and compiled into mosaics for periods of high and low water. For each mosaic, the study area was classified into either flooded or non-flooded areas. Data for the seasonal and spatial distributions of pCO2 within each hydrographic region were utilized from over 1,800 samples taken on 13 Carbon in the Amazon River Experiment (CAMREX) expeditions at different water stages throughout a 2,000 km reach of the central Amazon mainstem, tributary, and floodplain waters (Degens et al., 1991, Devol et al., 1995, Richey et al., 1988).

Tags: earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-gases-dissolved-carbon-diox
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-08 Carbon Isotopes in Belowground Carbon Pools, Amazonas and Para, Brazil

This data set contains carbon isotope signatures from soil organic matter collected from the following sites: the forests of the ZF-2 INPA reserve approximately 80 km north of the city of Manaus, Amazon; the Tapajos National Forest approximately 83 km south of the city of Santarem, Para; and the Fazenda Vitoria, a ranch near the city of Paragominas, Para. Samples from the Fazenda Vitoria were from degraded and managed pasture sites as well as mature and secondary forests. In addition,carbon isotope signatures from roots sorted by size class, hand-picked from soil pits in the Flona Tapajos and Fazenda Vitoria, are included, as are carbon isotope signatures from soil gases from samples collected at the Fazenda Vitoria. There are 4 ASCII data files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-geochemistry-solid-earth-geochemical-properties-isotopes, earth-science-soils-land-surface-carbon, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-gas-air
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
IceBridge UAF GPS/IMU L1B Corrected Position and Attitude Data, Version 1

This data set contains Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) positioning and orientation measurements for the University of Alaska Fairbanks Glacier lidar system campaigns. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns.

Tags: earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering-attitude-characteristics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-04 Meteorological and Flux Data, km 83 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest

We used two independent approaches, biometry and micrometeorology, to determine the net ecosystem production (NEP) of an old growth forest in Para, Brazil. Biometric inventories indicated that the forest was either a source or, at most, a modest sink of carbon from 1984 to 2000 (+0.8 +/- 2 Mg C(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1); a positive flux indicates carbon loss by the forest, a negative flux indicates carbon gain). Eddy covariance measurements of CO2 exchange were made from July 2000 to July 2001 using both open- and closed-path gas analyzers. The annual eddy covariance flux-calculated without correcting for the underestimation of flux on calm nights indicated that the forest was a large carbon sink (-3.9 Mg C.ha(-1.)yr(-1)). This annual uptake is comparable to past reports from other Amazonian forests, which also were calculated without correcting for calm nights. The magnitude of the annual integral was relatively insensitive to the selection of open- versus closed-path gas analyzer, averaging time, detrending, and high-frequency correction. In contrast, the magnitude of the annual integral was highly sensitive to the treatment of calm nights, changing by over 4 Mg C(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1) when a filter was used to replace the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) during nocturnal periods with u* < 0.2 m/s. Analyses of the relationship between nocturnal NEE and u* confirmed that the annual sum needs to be corrected for the effect of calm nights, which resulted in our best estimate of the annual flux (+0.4 Mg C(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1)). The observed sensitivity of the annual sum to the u* filter is far greater than has been previously reported for temperate and boreal forests. The annual carbon balance determined by eddy covariance is therefore less certain for tropical than temperate forests. Nonetheless, the biometric and micrometeorological measurements in tandem provide strong evidence that the forest was not a strong, persistent carbon sink during the study interval.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-net-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-water-vapor, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-temperature, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-photosynthetically-active-radiation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-08 Leaf Carbon, Nitrogen, LAI, and Isotope Data, Manaus, Brazil: 2001

This data set provides measurements for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), leaf area index (LAI), and carbon isotope ratio data (13C and 14C) of leaves sampled at the Manaus ZF2 Jacaranda transect area, Amazonas, Brazil, in 2001. Leaf tips and the petioles from the youngest and oldest leaves from a sampled branch were analyzed for nine different species. There is one comma-delimited data file (.csv) with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-geochemistry-solid-earth-geochemical-properties-isotopes, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-carbon, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-nitrogen
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-06 Ji-Parana River Basin Land Use and Land Cover Map, Brazil: 1999

This data set provides a land use/land cover map of the Ji-Parana River Basin in the state of Rondonia, Brazil produced from the digital classification of eight Landsat 7-ETM+ scenes from 1999 acquired from the Tropical Rain Forest Information Center (TRFIC) at Michigan State University. Nine land cover classes covering the Ji-Parana Basin were identified. There is one GeoTiff file with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-04 Soil Moisture Data, km 83 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest, Brazil

This data set reports continuous high-resolution frequency-domain reflectometry measurements of soil moisture to 10 m depth and precipitation data near each of the two towers located at the km 83 tower site (logged forest site) in the Tapajos National Forest in the state of Para, Brazil. Measurements were made during 2002 and 2003. Soil moisture and precipitation data are provided in two comma-delimited ASCII files. The first tower was installed in an intact forest area at this site in June 2000 (the 'intact' tower) and instrumented for eddy flux and micrometerological measurements and operated 15 months prior to any logging in the area (Goulden et al., 2004; Miller et al., 2004; Rocha et al., 2004). In September 2001, the area adjacent to the tower was selectively logged (Bruno et al., 2006). The second tower (the 'gap tower' tower) was installed and operating in June 2002, 400 m east of the intact tower. The gap tower was installed in the middle of a 50 m x 50 m log landing. Soil moisture measurements were made in 10 m deep vertical pits (1 x 1 m2) approximately 20 m from the micrometerological tower sites in undisturbed forest patches. Reflectometers were inserted horizontally into shaft walls at 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 meters beneath the surface. These data were used to determine how soil moisture varies on diel, seasonal and multi-year timescales and to better understand the quantitative and mechanistic relationships between soil moisture and forest evapotranspiration.

Tags: earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration