AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Debate: Are surrogate end-point studies worth the effort?

Surrogate end-points of cardiovascular disease can provide useful information in cross-sectional, prospective and interventional studies. They provide information on association with risk factors, natural history and factors associated with disease progression. Because every participant can reach an end-point, sufficient power can be attained with much smaller numbers of subjects in surrogate end-point studies than in studies that use clinical endpoints, so that the costs are likely to be substantially less. Measures of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) by B-mode ultrasonography and of coronary calcification by electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) appear to be the most promising surrogate end-points.

Tags: cardiovascular-disease, coronary-calcification, intima-media-thickness, nih, surrogate-endpoints
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Genetically modified parthenocarpic eggplants: improved fruit productivity under both greenhouse and open field cultivation.

Background
          Parthenocarpy, or fruit development in the absence of fertilization, has been genetically engineered in eggplant and in other horticultural species by using the DefH9-iaaM gene. The iaaM gene codes for tryptophan monoxygenase and confers auxin synthesis, while the DefH9 controlling regions drive expression of the  gene specifically in the ovules and placenta. A previous greenhouse trial for winter production of genetically engineered (GM) parthenocarpic eggplants demonstrated a significant increase (an average of 33% increase) in fruit production concomitant with a reduction in cultivation costs.
        
        
          Results
          GM parthenocarpic eggplants have been evaluated in three field trials. Two greenhouse spring trials have shown that these plants outyielded the corresponding untransformed genotypes, while a summer trial has shown that improved fruit productivity in GM eggplants can also be achieved in open field cultivation. Since the fruits were always seedless, the quality of GM eggplant fruits was improved as well. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the DefH9-iaaM gene is expressed during late stages of fruit development.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The DefH9-iaaM parthenocarpic gene is a biotechnological tool that enhances the agronomic value of all eggplant genotypes tested. The main advantages of DefH9-iaaM eggplants are: i) improved fruit productivity (at least 30–35%) under both greenhouse and open field cultivation; ii) production of good quality (marketable) fruits during different types of cultivation; iii) seedless fruit with improved quality. Such advantages have been achieved without the use of either male or female sterility genes.

Tags: fruit-yield, genetic-modification, horticulture, nih, parthenocarpic-eggplant
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Trends in Heroin Use in the United States: 2002 to 2013

This short report uses 2002 to 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to assess heroin-related trends in the United States among those aged 12 or older.  Topics covered include past year heroin use, dependence and abuse, receipt of substance use treatment for herion use, heroin initiation, perceived risk from using heroin, and the perceived availability of heroin.  Results are shown for those aged 12 or older and for three age groups within this population: adolescents aged 12 to 17, young adults aged 18 to 25, and 26 or older.

Tags: drug-abuse-treatment, heroin-use, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use-trends
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Behavioral Health Barometer: Maryland, 2013

This is a behavioral health report for the state of Maryland. It uses the  National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (NSSATS) to address the topics of youth substance use , youth mental health and treatment, adult mental health and treatment, substance use, substance use treatment for the years 2008 to 2012.

Tags: adult-mental-health, maryland-behavioral-health, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, youth-substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Expense and benefit of neoadjuvant treatment in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Background
          The effectiveness of neoadjuvant treatment (NT) prior to resection of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) in terms of prolonged survival has not been proven by randomized trials. Facing considerable financial expenses and with concerns regarding the consumption of the patient's remaining survival time, this study aims to provide rationales for pretreating resection candidates.
        
        
          Methods
          From March 1986 to March 1999, patients undergoing resection for SCCE were documented prospectively. Since 1989, NT was offered to patients with mainly upper and middle third T3 or T4 tumors or T2 N1 stage who were fit for esophagectomy. Until 1993, NT consisted of chemotherapy. Since that time chemoradiation has also been applied. The parameters for expense and benefit of NT are costs, pretreatment time required, postoperative morbidity and mortality, clinical and histopathological response, and actuarial survival.
        
        
          Results
          Two hundred and three patients were treated, 170 by surgery alone and 33 by NT + surgery. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were 52% to 30% and 12% to 6%, respectively (p = n.s.). The response to NT was detected in 23 patients (70%). In 11 instances (33%), the primary tumor lesion was histopathologically eradicated. Survival following NT + surgery was significantly prolonged in node-positive patients with a median survival of 12 months to 19 months (p = 0.0193). The average pretreatment time was 113 ± 43 days, and reimbursement for NT to the hospital amounted to Euro 9.834.
        
        
          Conclusions
          NT did not increase morbidity and mortality. Expenses for pretreatment, particularly time and costs, are considerable. However, taking into account that the results are derived from a non-randomized study, patients with regionally advanced tumor stages seem to benefit, as seen by their prolonged survival.

Tags: esophageal-cancer, neoadjuvant-therapy, nih, squamous-cell-carcinoma, treatment-outcomes
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Genetic epidemiology: Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) (temporal arteritis) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are common, frequently related conditions in people generally over 50 years of age. Most studies have shown an association of GCA with HLA-DRB1*04 alleles. As regards isolated PMR, however, the HLA class II genetic susceptibility varies from one population to another. Besides associations with HLA, tumor necrosis factor appears to influence susceptibility to both conditions. Genetic polymorphisms have also been considered to be important candidates as factors of susceptibility to GCA and PMR. In this regard, gene polymorphisms for ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed, and presumably secreted), and interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of GCA and PMR in some populations. However, additional studies are required to clarify the genetic influence on susceptibility to these conditions.

Tags: genetic-susceptibility, giant-cell-arteritis, hla-drb1-alleles, nih, polymyalgia-rheumatica
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The molecular mechanism of osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis

Bone-resorbing osteoclasts are formed from hemopoietic cells of the monocyte–macrophage lineage under the control of bone-forming osteoblasts. We have cloned an osteoblast-derived factor essential for osteoclastogenesis, the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Synovial fibroblasts and activated T lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis also express RANKL, which appears to trigger bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis as well. Recent studies have shown that T lymphocytes produce cytokines other than RANKL such as IL-17, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IFN-γ, which have powerful regulatory effects on osteoclastogenesis. The possible roles of RANKL and other cytokines produced by T lymphocytes in bone destruction are described.

Tags: bone-resorption, nih, osteoclastogenesis, rankl-cytokine, rheumatoid-arthritis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Probing the importance and potential roles of the binding of the PH-domain protein Boi1 to acidic phospholipids

Background
          The related proteins Boi1 and Boi2, which appear to promote polarized growth in S. cerevisiae, both contain a PH (pleckstrin homology) and an SH3 (src homology 3) domain. Previously, we gained evidence that a PH domain-bearing segment of Boi1, which we call Boi1-PH, is sufficient and necessary for function. In the current study, we investigate the binding of Boi1's PH domain to the acidic phospholipids PIP2 (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate) and PS (phosphatidylserine).
        
        
          Results
          Boi1-PH co-sediments with PS vesicles. It does so more readily when these vesicles contain a small amount of PIP2. Boi1-PH is degraded in yeast extracts in a manner that is stimulated by PIP2. Amino-acid substitutions that diminish binding to PIP2 and PS impair Boi1 function. Fusion to a myristoyl group-accepting sequence improves to different degrees the ability of these different mutant versions of Boi1-PH to function. Boi1 and Boi2 are localized to the periphery of buds during much of the budding cycle and to necks late in the cell cycle. Amino-acid substitutions that diminish binding to PIP2 and PS impair localization of Boi1 to the bud, but do not affect the localization of Boi1 to the neck. Conversely, a mutation in the SH3 domain prevents the localization of Boi1 to the neck, but does not impair localization to the bud.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Boi1's PH domain binds to acidic phospholipids, and this binding appears to be important for Boi1 function. The main role of binding to PS may simply be to promote the association of the PH domain with membrane. The higher-affinity binding to PIP2, which apparently promotes a conformational change in the PH domain, may play an important additional role. Boi1 and Boi2 are localized to sites of polarized growth. Whereas the SH3 domain is needed for localization of Boi1 to the neck, the phospholipid-binding portion of the PH domain is important for localization to the bud.

Tags: boi1-protein, nih, phosphatidylserine, phospholipid-binding, protein-localization
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Schönlein-Henoch purpura during pregnancy with successful outcome for mother and newborn

Background
          Schönlein-Henoch purpura is a systemic vasculitis that affects vessels of a small caliber and rarely reported in the literature.
        
        
          Case presentation
          We report on a 35-year-old woman who developed palpable purpura with necrotizing cutaneous lesions on the lower limbs at 27 weeks of gestation. She also complained of epigastric pain and arthralgias. Histologic examination of a skin biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with intravascular fibrin thrombi. The direct immunofluorescence analysis evidenced vascular deposits of IgA and C3 in the upper and mid-dermis. These findings were consistent with Schönlein-Henoch purpura. There was no evidence of renal involvement or placental dysfunction. The patient was treated with low-dose oral corticosteroids and a healthy infant was delivered by cesarean section. Examination of the placenta and the navel string disclosed no signs of vasculitis or infarction.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Schönlein-Henoch purpura is rarely reported in pregnancy. Treatment with orally administred corticosteroids may lead to a beneficial outcome for mother and newborn.

Tags: case-report, nih, pregnancy-outcome, schonlein-henoch-purpura, systemic-vasculitis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2012 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Tables for West Virginia

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for 2012. The Uniform Reporting System (URS) is a state and national reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: community-mental-health, mental-health-services, outcome-measures, samhsa, west-virginia
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Table 6. Illicit Drug Use Other Than Marijuana in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by State and Substate Regions: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2008, 2009, and 2010 NSDUHs

This table presents the 2008 to 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) estimates of past month illicit drug use other than marijuana by those aged 12 or older by State and substate regions.

Tags: adolescent-health, illicit-drug-use, nsduh, samhsa, substance-abuse
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525545: Chrysophanol-9-anthrone, TMS

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 3-methyl-1,8-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-10H-anthracen-9-one. Molecular Formula: C21H28O3Si2. Molecular Weight: 384.6. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) Highlights - 2003 National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services

This report presents summary results from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) for 2003. The report provides information on the demographic and substance abuse characteristics of the 1.8 million people admitted to treatment for abuse of alcohol and drugs that year to facilities that report to individual state administrative data systems.

Tags: alcohol-drug-abuse, samhsa, substance-abuse, teds-data, treatment-admissions
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2014-2015 NSDUH State Prevalence Estimates – PDF Tables (for printing)

Prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals for persons aged 12 or older, 12 to 17, 18 to 25,  and 26 or older; also for persons 12 to 20 for one alcohol measure.

Tags: mental-health, prevalence-estimates, samhsa, state-level-data, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525675: p-Bromobenzylidene-propyl-amine

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 1-(4-bromophenyl)-N-propylmethanimine. Molecular Formula: C10H12BrN. Molecular Weight: 226.11. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Emergency Department Visits Involving Narcotic Pain Relievers

Describes emergency department (ED) visits involving the nonmedical use of  narcotic pain relievers (opioids) using data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN). The drugs most commonly combined with narcotic pain relievers in ED visits; trends for narcotic pain relievers (2005-2011); demographic characteristics of narcotic pain reliever-related visits in 2011;  comparison of age groups, and trends for specific narcotic pain relievers by age group are analyzed.

Tags: drug-abuse-warning-network, emergency-department, opioid-abuse, pain-relievers, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
NSDUH 2017 Methodological Resource Book (MRB)

This Methodological Resource Book (MRB) is intended to serve as documentation of survey materials and methodology associated with the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The MRB includes details associated with data collection and processing, including sampling, instrument testing and development, weighting, imputation, and statistical analyses and inferences.

Tags: data-collection, samhsa, statistical-analysis, substance-use, survey-methodology
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2012 State Profile - Pennsylvania

This is a National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) annual report showing the state profile for Pennsylvania in 2012. N-SSATS is designed to collect data on the location, characteristics, and use of alcohol and drug abuse treatment facilities and services throughout the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and other U.S. jurisdictions.

Tags: alcohol-abuse, pennsylvania, samhsa, substance-abuse, treatment-facilities
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Illinois Trauma Focused Model for Reducing Long-Term Foster Care: Project Overview

This presentation was created for caseworkers to learn how the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services plans to use a trauma intervention to help reduce long term foster care, why this is important to Illinois families and youth, as well as how the model will be implemented in Illinois.

Metadata-only record linking to the original dataset. Open original dataset below.

Tags: care, foster, intervention, policy, trauma
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Research Article: BMC Medical Genetics

Background
          Narcolepsy is a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by increased daytime sleepiness, cataplexy and hypnagogic hallucinations. Deficiency of the hypocretin neurotransmitter system was shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of narcolepsy in animals and men. There are several hints that neurodegeneration of hypocretin producing neurons in the hypothalamus is the pathological correlate of narcolepsy. The ApoE4 allele is a major contributing factor to early-onset neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative diseases as well.
        
        
          Methods
          To clarify whether the ApoE4 phenotype predisposes to narcolepsy or associates with an earlier disease onset, we have genotyped the ApoE gene in 103 patients with narcolepsy and 101 healthy controls.
        
        
          Results
          The frequency of the E4 allele of the ApoE gene was 11% in the patient and 15% in the control groups. Furthermore, the mean age of onset did not differ between the ApoE4+ and ApoE4- patient groups.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Our results exclude the ApoE4 allele as a major risk factor for narcolepsy.

Tags: apoe-genotype, genetic-association-study, narcolepsy, nih, sleep-disorders
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2008 Mental Health National Outcome Measures (NOMS): CMHS Uniform Reporting System

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for 2008. The URS is a state and national reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State mental health authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence-based practices, and utilization measures, providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: behavioral-health, mental-health-services, outcome-measures, samhsa, urs-data
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Immunocytochemical evidence for co-expression of Type III IP

Background
          Taste receptor cells are responsible for transducing chemical stimuli into electrical signals that lead to the sense of taste. An important second messenger in taste transduction is IP3, which is involved in both bitter and sweet transduction pathways. Several components of the bitter transduction pathway have been identified, including the T2R/TRB taste receptors, phospholipase C β2, and the G protein subunits α-gustducin, β3, and γ13. However, the identity of the IP3 receptor subtype in this pathway is not known. In the present study we used immunocytochemistry on rodent taste tissue to identify the IP3 receptors expressed in taste cells and to examine taste bud expression patterns for IP3R3.
        
        
          Results
          Antibodies against Type I, II, and III IP3 receptors were tested on sections of rat and mouse circumvallate papillae. Robust cytoplasmic labeling for the Type III IP3 receptor (IP3R3) was found in a large subset of taste cells in both species. In contrast, little or no immunoreactivity was seen with antibodies against the Type I or Type II IP3 receptors. To investigate the potential role of IP3R3 in bitter taste transduction, we used double-label immunocytochemistry to determine whether IP3R3 is expressed in the same subset of cells expressing other bitter signaling components. IP3R3 immunoreactive taste cells were also immunoreactive for PLCβ2 and γ13. Alpha-gustducin immunoreactivity was present in a subset of IP3R3, PLCβ2, and γ13 positive cells.
        
        
          Conclusions
          IP3R3 is the dominant form of the IP3 receptor expressed in taste cells and our data suggest it plays an important role in bitter taste transduction.

Tags: bitter-taste-transduction, immunocytochemistry, ip3-receptors, nih, taste-receptor-cells
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Child Maltreatment 2016

This report presents national data about child abuse and neglect known to child protective services agencies in the United States during federal fiscal year 2016.

Letter from the Associate Commissioner

Acknowledgements

Summary

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Reports

Chapter 4: Fatalities

Chapter 5: Perpetrators

Chapter 6: Services

Appendix A: Required CAPTA Data Items

Appendix B: Glossary

Appendix C: State Characteristics

Appendix D: State Commentary

Metadata-only record linking to the original dataset. Open original dataset below.

Tags: abuse, assessment, fiscal, maltreatment, neglect
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2022 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table For Mississippi

This is the 2022 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Mississippi. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence-based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-program, mental-health-services, mississippi, national-outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services