AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Annual land surface urban heat island intensity from 1985 to present (collection 1)

Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) intensity data is intended to quantify the difference between urban surface temperatures and the surrounding non-urban environment. The calculation takes the difference between a specific urban pixel’s land surface temperature (LST) and the mean of the cities non-urban LST. Data are provided across 50 regions throughout the Continental U.S. using previously generated annual LST – derived from Collection 1 Landsat U.S. Analysis Ready Data (ARD) for Surface Temperature. The data ranges from 1985-2020, and covers data within 5 km of each city. NOTE: While a previous version is available from the author, all datasets for pilot cities can be found in version 5..0.

Tags: albuquerquenm-atlantaga-austintx-baltimoremd-birminghamal-boiseid-bostonma-charlottenc-cheyenne, climatologymeteorologyatmosphere, conus, environment, heat-flow-earth, image-collections, land-surface-temperature-lst, land-use-change, landsat-analysis-ready-data-ard, landsat-ard, maximum-land-surface-temperature-maxlst, mean-land-surface-temperature-meanlst, multispectral-imaging, surface-urban-heat-island-intensity-suhii, surface-urban-heat-island-suhi, united-states, usgs-656e232fd34e7ca10833f968
Organization: Department of the Interior
Monthly Ensemble Mean Evapotranspiration (EMET) Product for the Los Planes basin in Baja California Sur, Mexico from January 2006 through December 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release

Estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) are valuable for effective monitoring and management of water resources. In areas that lack a ground-based monitoring network, remote sensing allows for accurate and consistent estimates of ETa across a large spatial extent – though each algorithm has limitations (i.e., ground-based validation, temporal consistency, spatial resolution). We developed an Ensemble Mean ETa (EMET) product to incorporate advancements and reduce uncertainty among algorithms (i.e., energy-balance, optical-only), which we use to estimate vegetative water use in response to restoration practices being implemented on the ground using management interventions (i.e., fencing pastures, erosion control structures) on a private ranch in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Four input ETa products (i.e., Nagler-ET(EVI2), SSEBop-LS, SSEBop-MOD, MODIS-ET) were used to develop the EMET product (see Processing Steps 1 and 2).
This data release consists of a series of five zipped folders, of which each include a series of months of the EMET image product for the Los Planes basin in Baja California Sur, Mexico. We use the following naming convention to recognize the respective month for each image: "YYYY_MM" (i.e., 2006_01 for January 2006). The first zipped folder (i.e., EnsembleMeanETa_EMET_Monthly_2006_2021) contains the full suite of images for all months between January 2006 and December 2021 (n = 192 bands). The remaining four zipped folders contain monthly images for four-year periods within the data release to allow for the user to more easily download images for single years. The four periods follow: (1) 2006 through 2009, (2) 2010 through 2013, (3) 2014 through 2017, and (4) 2018 through 2021 (n = 48 bands each).

Tags: baja-california, baja-california-sur, ensemble-mean, evaporation, evapotranspiration, farming, mexico, remediation, restoration, transpiration, usgs-656e22dcd34e7ca10833f963
Organization: Department of the Interior
Hawai'i National Hydrologic Model (NHM) application,1980–2021

This data release contains inputs for and outputs from hydrologic simulations for the Hawai‘i (HI) domain using the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) version 5.2.1.1 for the precalibration, by Hydrologic Response Unit (byHRU) release, and by Point Of Interest Observation (byPOIobs) release using the USGS National Hydrologic Model infrastructure (NHM; Regan and others, 2018). These simulations were developed to provide estimates of the water budget for the calendar-year period 1980 to 2021, where the first two years are used for model initialization. Specific file types include: 1) input atmospheric forcings of minimum air temperature, maximum air temperature, and daily precipitation accumulation derived from Daymet Version 4 gridded estimates of daily weather parameters (Thornton and others, 2020) and input parameter and control files for each release (Markstrom and others, 2015), 2) monthly calibration target baselines derived from Global Circulation Model (GCM) simulations (Koczot and others, 2025) that were used in addition to USGS measured streamflow, 3) output files of simulated water budget components for each hydrologic response unit and stream segment and 4) performance statistics at selected streamgage locations. Figure 1 shows the calibration methodology that was used for the model application (see Hay and others, 2023 for additional information). Figure 2 shows all the HRUSs in the geospatial fabric for the HI domain (Bock and others, 2024). Table 1 lists the streamgages that are included in the model application. The first two years of the simulations are considered 'model initialization' and should not be included in any subsequent analysis. The executable used for these simulations may be downloaded from  https://www.usgs.gov/software/precipitation-runoff-modeling-system-prms (version 5.2.1.1). A batch file to run the model has also been included.

Tags: boundaries, hawaii, hydrologic-processes, hydrology, kahoolawe, kauai, lanai, mathematical-modeling, maui, molokai, niihau, oahu, streamflow, usgs-656e22acd34e7ca10833f955, water-resources
Organization: Department of the Interior
High-resolution bathymetry, backscatter, and derived geomorphic products from eighteen spawning reefs in northern Lake Michigan, 2021-2023

Eighteen lakebed areas in northern Lake Michigan known to be used by adult fishes for spawning were surveyed between 2021 and 2023 using a Norbit® iWBMSh multibeam echosounder to support fisheries habitat assessment. More than 3500 kilometers of high resolution multibeam data were collected with 0.05m horizontal and 0.5m vertical positional accuracy, with 100% overlap between survey track-lines. Raw echosounder data were processed into bathymetry and backscatter raster layers gridded at 0.5-m and 1-m horizontal resolutions to allow for comparison of reef extents and support development of additional derived products including slope, aspect, roughness, Topographical Roughness Index (TRI), Topographical Position Index (TPI), Hillshade,  and 10 Class geomorphic classification. These high-resolution map products can be used to accurately compare reefs and support additional analyses and geographic targeting of future research and restoration efforts.

Tags: backscatter, bathymetry, biota, geophysics, geospatial-datasets, lakebed-acoustic-reflectivity, lakebed-characteristics, multibeam-sonar, trackline-data, usgs-656e229bd34e7ca10833f950
Organization: Department of the Interior
Monthly and Annual Population and Self-Supplied Domestic Water Withdrawal Maps of Rhode Island, 2014-2021

This data release consists of multi-band 30-meter x 30-meter pixel rasters of estimated population and domestic self-supplied water withdrawals in Rhode Island between July 2014 and June 2021. Population raster data were generated using a national data product of 2010 population spatially distributed across land cover data and U.S. Census Bureau data of population growth estimates to adjust populations for each year 2014-2021. Estimates for changes in population between winter and summer months are also included to generate seasonal population estimates. The coefficients used to describe these variations in populations for each U.S. Census Bureau block group in Rhode Island are included in this data release. Estimated water withdrawal rasters were generated using an estimated population for each pixel and domestic per capita water use rates calculated from public-supply data. Spatial boundaries of public supplies in Rhode Island were used to classify areas of domestic water use outside of those served by public suppliers as self-supplied. Three comma-separated values (CSV) files contain the coefficients used to develop the final products. The three multi-band raster (tagged image format [TIF]) files contain the spatial representation of the estimated populations and self-supplied domestic water withdrawals in Rhode Island.

Tags: bristol-county, domestic-well-water-use, environment, kent-county, newport-county, population-human, providence-county, rhode-island, usgs-656e2265d34e7ca10833f942, washington-county, water-use
Organization: Department of the Interior
Model archive, input data, modeled estimates of water use 2005-2021, and forecasts of water use in 2030 and 2040 in Providence, Rhode Island

A water use study was conducted to understand the drivers of historical water use in the Providence Water Supply Board network (the service area of Providence Water Supply Board and its wholesale customers) and to forecast future water use in the same network. A cubist regression model was developed to model daily per capita water use rates for three water use categories in each of the 10 public water suppliers within this network using data from 2005-2021. The three water use categories are domestic water use, commercial water use, and industrial water use. This cubist regression model was then used to forecast water use in 2030 and 2040 based on simulated future scenarios of low and high climate warming; low and high economic growth; and low, medium, and high population growth. This data release contains the input data used to develop the cubist regression model, the simulated future scenarios, the model estimates generated by the model, and an R script that creates the cubist regression model.

Tags: bristol-county, environment, industrial-water-use, kent-county, providence-county, public-supply-water-use, rhode-island, usgs-656e2250d34e7ca10833f93b, water-use
Organization: Department of the Interior
Elevation-Derived Hydrography in the Upper Shawsheen River Basin, Massachusetts

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC), has compiled Geographic Information Systems (GIS) datasets. The spatial data layers provided in this data release are hydrography data derived from high-resolution lidar digital elevation models (DEM). They include a hydroline polyline shapefile used to hydro-enforce the high-resolution lidar DEM; a stream network centerline polyline shapefile derived from the hydro-enforcement that shows stream location; a sub-basin polygon shapefile derived from the hydro-enforcement representing watershed areas for all stream network centerline polylines; a flow direction raster, predicting the direction of flow based on direction of steepest drop; and a flow accumulation raster, predicting the number of upstream cells flowing into each one-meter cell. Field verification was conducted for locations where the high-resolution lidar digital elevation models were unclear on hydraulic connection. Photographs were captured to confirm the conveyance of flow. The datasets are provided in separate child items.

Tags: geography, geospatial-datasets, hydrology, land-surface-characteristics, lidar, streamflow, usgs-656e223fd34e7ca10833f935, water-resources, watershed-management
Organization: Department of the Interior
US Fish and Wildlife Service Fire Atlas- Burn Severity Mosaic for CONUS in 2008

The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) requests burn severity assessments through an agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to be completed by analysts with the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) Program. These data products are burned area boundary shapefiles derived from post-fire sensor data (including Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+, Landsat OLI). The pre-fire and post-fire subsets included were used to create Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and then a differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) image. The objective of this assessment was to generate burned area boundaries for each fire. Data bundles also include post-fire subset, pre-fire subset, NBR, and dNBR images. This map layer is a thematic raster image of burn severity classes for all inventoried fires occurring in CONUS during calendar year 2008. Fires omitted from this mapped inventory are those where suitable satellite imagery was not available, or fires which were not discernable from available imagery.

Tags: burn-severity, burned-area, continental-u-s, conus, differenced-normalized-burn-ratio, fire-location, fire-occurrence, fws, imagerybasemapsearthcover, landsat, location, normalized-burn-ratio, prescribed-fire, sentinel, united-states, us, usgs-65b1981bd34e36a39044cc44, wildfire, wildland-fire
Organization: Department of the Interior
Longitudinal assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and co-occurring inorganic and organic contaminants in Neshaminy Creek, Pennsylvania, November 2021

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and co-occurring inorganic and organic contaminants are widely distributed in the environment and understanding their surface water sources is critical for water resource management. In November 2021, 13 sites were sampled along a stream reach in the Neshaminy Creek basin in southeastern Pennsylvania utilizing a time of travel sampling approach. The reach had known potential PFAS source inputs and documented PFAS detections in water samples. This data release describes the sampling approach, sample processing, laboratory analytical methods, and contains the results.
Site (Table1_NC_2021_Site_Info) and constituent information (Table2_Constituents) are provided in tab delimited text (txt) files. Results are provided in a machine readable format in Table3_Reporting_Long.txt for the following hydrologic metrics and chemical constituents: (1) field parameters (instantaneous discharge, water and air temperature, barometric pressure, pH, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen), (2) optical properties (ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorbance, and fluorescence), (3) dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen, (4) major anions, (5) major and trace elements, (6) PFAS, (7) pharmaceutical compounds, and (8) volatile organic compounds. Table_4_Wide_Summary.xlxs is a summary file including the reported values, laboratory standard deviations, remark codes, and qualification codes from Table3_Reporting_Long.txt as eight wide format pivot tables.

Tags: chemical-elements, contamination-and-pollution, ecosystem-monitoring, elements, environment, field-inventory-and-monitoring, fluorescence, geochemistry, inlandwaters, major-and-trace-elements, neshaminy-creek, optical-methods, optical-properties, organic-pollutants, pennsylvania, pfas, pharmaceutical-contamination, pharmaceuticals, surface-water-quality, time-of-travel-sampling, united-states, usgs-656e222ad34e7ca10833f930, volatile-organic-compounds, water-chemistry, water-quality
Organization: Department of the Interior
Land surface thermal feature change monitoring in urban and non-urban interface from 1985 to present (ver. 6.0, July 2025)

Annual Landsat land surface temperature (LST) products are generated for 71 regions (urban centers) throughout the Continental U.S. (CONUS) and are used to produce  Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) intensity and hotspot data. The LST were derived from Landsat collections U.S. Analysis Ready Data (ARD) that intersect with the 71 urban centers. The time series LST and NLCD 2023 annual land cover change products were used to produce SUHI intensity and hotspots products. The data ranges from 1985-2023, and covers data within 5 km of each urban center in CONUS. SUHI Intensity data is intended to quantify the difference between urban surface temperatures and the surrounding non-urban environment. The calculation takes the difference between a specific urban pixel’s LST and the mean of the cities non-urban LST.  SUHI hotspot data are defined as areas of statistically high LST. A pixel is determined as statistically high if it exceeds one standard deviation above the mean of all pixels with similar land cover type. Hotspot data is further separated into persistent urban and new urban outputs. Persistent Urban is defined as areas that are reported as urban in 1985 and remained urban in 2023. Areas that changed from non-urban in 1985 to urban in 2023 are defined as n urban. NOTE: While a previous version is available from the author, all datasets for urban pilot centers can be found in version 6.0.
First posted - November 01, 2019 (available from author)
Revised - August 20, 2020 (version 2.0)
Revised - May 20, 2020 (version 3.0)
Revised - January 20, 2022 (version 4.0)
Revised - November 20, 2023 (version 5.0)
Revised - June 20, 2025 (version 6.0)

Tags: 5-km-buffer-zones, albuquerque-nm-atlanta-ga-austin-tx-birmingham-al, albuquerquenm-atlanta-ga-austin-tx-birminghamal-nashville-tn-boise-city-id-boston-ma-baton-roug, climatologymeteorologyatmosphere, conus, environment, heat-flow-earth, image-collections, land-surface-temperature-lst, land-use-change, landsat-analysis-ready-data-ard, landsat-ard, landsat-collection, maximum-land-surface-temperature-avemaxlst, mean-land-surface-temperature-meanlst, multispectral-imaging, new-growth-urban-areas-nua, persistent-urban-areas-pua, surface-urban-heat-island-hotspot-suhih, surface-urban-heat-island-intensity-suhii, surface-urban-heat-island-suhi, trends, united-states, usgs-656e1b29d34e7ca10833f8ec
Organization: Department of the Interior
Groundwater data and age information from samples collected in Minnesota, 1996-1997

Groundwater age distributions and susceptibility to natural and anthropogenic contaminants were assessed for selected wells across Minnesota. The data provide information to understand how long it will take to observe groundwater quality improvements from best management practices implemented at land surface to reduce losses of nitrate (and other chemicals) from agricultural practices.  A total of 13 age estimates were done on samples collected from 8 wells between July 1996 and May 1997. Groundwater ages were estimated from dissolved gas (argon and nitrogen) and environmental tracer data (tritium, chlorofluorocarbons, and tritiogenic helium-3) from field samples using the equations available in TracerLPM (an Excel® workbook for interpreting groundwater age distributions from environmental tracer data) and DGMETA (an Excel® workbook for dissolved gas modeling and environmental tracer analysis); groundwater age estimates are reported in Table_1_Age_Information.txt. DGMETA was used to compute optimal water temperature and excess air that explain the measured dissolved gases (argon and nitrogen) in a sample; condensed results are reported in Table_1_Age_Information.txt and these results are reported in detail in Table_2_Dissolved_Gases.txt. These values were then used to convert the raw measured concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons into a form appropriate for age dating analysis, the dry air mixing ratio of chlorofluorocarbons; these results are reported in Table_3_Computed_Tracer_Concentrations.txt. Table_4_Additional_Helium.txt reports calculated concentrations of tritiogenic helium that were used in groundwater age calculations and the measured concentrations used in those calculations. Table_5_Site_And_Background_Information.txt reports additional site information and field parameters. In addition to these five tables, two ancillary tables are included to provide more detailed information about the fields and the abbreviations used in tables 1-5. A readme file is provided that describes each table in more detail and processes to use the data in this data release to view age distributions in TracerLPM and to set up TracerLPM to run scenarios for other chemicals of interest.

Tags: dissolved-gases, groundwater, groundwater-age, groundwater-quality, lumped-parameter-model, recharge-temperature, usgs-656e13dcd34e3333ffeede09
Organization: Department of the Interior
AEM derived aquifer surfaces, Shellmound, Mississippi, March 2018

Airborne electromagnetic (AEM), magnetic, and radiometric data were acquired in late February to early March 2018 along 2,364 line-kilometers in the Shellmound, Mississippi study area.  Data were acquired by CGG Canada Services, Ltd. with three different helicopter-borne sensors: the CGG Canada Services, Ltd. RESOLVE frequency-domain AEM instrument that is used to map subsurface geologic structure at depths up to 100 meters, depending on the subsurface resistivity; a Scintrex CS-3 cesium vapor magnetometer that detects changes in deep (hundreds of meters to kilometers) geologic structure based on variations in the magnetic properties of different formations; and a Radiation Solutions RS-500 spectrometer that detects the abundance of natural radioelements potassium, uranium, and thorium in the upper 20-30 cm that is used to determine differences in soil constituents. The survey was flown at an average sensor flight height of 30 m above terrain to form block-style coverage with 250 to 1,000-meter spaced east-west flight lines.  This data release item includes elevation surfaces that represent the top and bottom of the alluvial aquifer, as defined by its electrical resistivity transitions, that are used to support development of an inset groundwater-flow model. 
An important driver for this survey is a managed aquifer recharge pilot project developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service investigating the use of bank filtration along the Tallahatchie River as a source for recharge in areas of significant groundwater decline by direct injection into the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVA).  Understanding the structure of the aquifer, including both shallow and deep confining units, is important for the success of this pilot engineering study and will be even more important for potential future large-scale engineering projects and groundwater model development efforts.
REFERENCES
U.S. Geological Survey, The National Map, 2017, 3DEP products and services: The National Map, 3D Elevation Program Web page, accessed October 2018 at https://nationalmap.gov/3DEP/3dep_prodserv.html.

Tags: aeromagnetic-surveying, aeroradiometric-surveying, electromagnetic-surveying, electromagnetics, engineering-sciences, environment, geology-geophysics-and-geochemistry-science-center, geophysics, geoscientificinformation, geospatial-datasets, gggsc, greenwood, groundwater, hydrogeology, leflore-county, magnetic-anomaly-maps, magnetic-field, magnetics, mississippi, mississippi-alluvial-plain, mississippi-river-valley-alluvial-aquifer, mrva, radiometrics, resistivity, shellmound, sunflower-county, tallahatchie-river, usgs-656e0913d34e3333ffeeddd8, water-resources
Organization: Department of the Interior
Interpretation of the elevation of the coastal-plain unconformity derived from seismic data collected within the New York Bight by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995 - 1998 (Grid, UTM Zone 18N, WGS84 and Esri polyline shapefile, Geographic, WGS84)

Mapping the elevation of the coastal-plain unconformity is
useful for delineating the geologic framework of the New
York Bight inner-continental shelf. This in turn aids in
understanding the stratigraphic evolution of the
inner-continental shelf, the regional sediment transport
system, and the influence of the inner-shelf framework on
coastal processes. The grid showing structure of the coastal-plain unconformity is an important factor in the framework
of the coastal region.

Tags: atlantic-ocean, coastal-plain, cretaceous, elevation, geologic-framework, geologic-structure, geospatial-datasets, grid, long-island, marine-geology, marine-geophysics, nearshore, new-york-bight, quaternary, scientific-interpretation, unconformities, unconformity, upper-cretaceous, usgs-656b256f-0894-4c27-9d3f-28659c976598
Organization: Department of the Interior