AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
ABoVE: AirSWOT Water Masks from Color-Infrared Imagery over Alaska and Canada, 2017

This dataset provides 1) a conservative open water mask for future water surface elevation (WSE) extraction from the co-registered AirSWOT Ka-band interferometry data, and 2) high-resolution (1 m) water body distribution maps for water bodies greater than 40 m2 along the NASA Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) foundational flight lines. The masks and maps were derived from georeferenced three-band orthomosaics generated from individual images collected during the flights and a semi-automated water classification algorithm based on the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). In total, 3,167 km2 of open water were mapped from 23,380 km2 of flight lines spanning 23 degrees of latitude. Detected water body sizes range from 40 m2 to 15 km2. The image tiles were georeferenced using manually selected ground control points (GCPs). Comparison with manually digitized open water boundaries yields an overall open-water classification accuracy of 98.0%.

Tags: earth-science, nasa, remote-sensing
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SPURS-1 shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data for N. Atlantic Endeavor and Knorr cruises

The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) provide water column current velocity profile observations. Shipborne ADCP data were collected during the 3 US cruises, using the Knorr and Endeavor 300 kHz Workhorse, 75 khz broadband and 75 khz narrowband instruments, and during the Sarmiento cruise using a 76.8 khz broadband ADCP. Corresponding ruise dates were as follows: Knorr: 6 Sept-9 Oct 2012; Sarmiento: 14 Mar-10 Apr 2013, Endeavor: 15 Mar-15 Apr 2013 and 19 Sep-13 Oct 2013. Additionally, lowered ADCP (L-ADCP) measurements were made during the Knorr cruise on every CTD cast and during the Sarmiento cruise. The ADCP data files here (1 per cruise) are for the shipborne ADCP measurements only.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-circulation-oceans-current-velocity, earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-temperature-profiles
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ABoVE: Annual Thaw Slump Expansion on East Fork Chandalar River, Alaska, 2008-2017

This dataset provides a time series of spatial data showing the expansion of a thaw slump on the East Fork Chandalar River near the community of Venetie, Alaska, from 2008 through 2017. The erosion of vegetated areas along the river was documented by manually digitizing imagery from ESRI basemaps and Landsat 5 (TM), 7 (ETM+), and 8 (OLI), using the band combination of shortwave infrared 2, shortwave infrared 1, and red.

Tags: earth-science, nasa, remote-sensing
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ABoVE: AVIRIS-3 Imaging Spectroscopy for Alaska and Canada, 2023

This dataset includes L1B radiance and L2A surface reflectance imagery acquired by the Airborne Visible / Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-3 (AVIRIS-3) instrument over portions of Alaska and northwestern Canada in 2023. These data were collected for the Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) project. NASA's AVIRIS-3 is a spectral mapping system that measures reflected radiance at 7.4-nm intervals in the Visible to Shortwave Infrared (VSWIR) spectral range from 390-2500 nm. The AVIRIS-3 sensor has a 40 degree instantaneous field of view with 1234 pixels, providing altitude dependent ground sampling distances from 12 m to sub meter range. This dataset represents one part of a multi-sensor airborne sampling campaign conducted by eleven different aircraft teams for ABoVE. The imagery data are provided in ENVI format along with a GeoJSON showing imagery boundaries.  These data were specifically processed for the ABoVE project.

Tags: earth-science, nasa, remote-sensing
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SPURS-1 research vessel Thermosalinograph series data for N. Atlantic cruises

The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. All SPURS-1 vessels were equipped with a thermosalinograph (TSG). A TSG is an automated measurement system that is coupled to a research vessel's water intake and GPS systems to provide continuous, along-track surface temperature and salinity measurements. Each SPURS cruise employed TSGs whose measurements were calibrated against onboard salinometers. TSG data files are one per cruise. Note that Knorr TSG data are contained coupled in the same file as its shipborne meteorological observations.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-sea-surface-temperature, earth-science-ocean-winds-oceans-surface-winds-wind-direction, earth-science-ocean-winds-oceans-surface-winds-wind-speed, earth-science-precipitation-oceans-precipitation-rate, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-conductivity, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-salinity
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ABoVE: Bias-Corrected IMERG Monthly Precipitation for Alaska and Canada, 2000-2020

This dataset is a modification to the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) Final Run microwave-only, daily precipitation Version 06 data. It provides bias-corrected IMERG monthly precipitation data for Alaska and Canada from June 2000 through December 2020 in Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFF (*.tif) format. Data are provided in the units of mm/day. NASA's IMERG data product is one of the most advanced satellite precipitation products with a 0.1-degree spatial resolution and near global coverage. This dataset bias-corrected IMERG's HQprecipitation precipitation estimates, which are based on passive microwave (PMW)-only retrievals, using a linear regression method. This method utilizes empirical measurements from rain gauge stations from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) and a digital elevation model. This bias correction approach improves estimates at elevations above 500 m a.s.l., which are typically underestimated.

Tags: earth-science, nasa, remote-sensing
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SMEX04 Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed Soil Moisture Data: Arizona, Version 1

Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited. This data set contains several parameters measured in the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04).

Tags: earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-agriculture-soil-temperature, earth-science-soils-land-surface-electrical-conductivity, earth-science-soils-land-surface-hydraulic-conductivity, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-salinity-soil-sodicity, earth-science-soils-land-surface-thermal-conductivity, earth-science-surface-thermal-properties-land-surface-land-surface-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ABoVE: Burn Severity of Soil Organic Matter, Northwest Territories, Canada, 2014-2015

This dataset provides maps at 30-m resolution of landscape surface burn severity (surface litter and soil organic layers) from the 2014-2015 fires in the Northwest Territories and Northern Alberta, Canada. The maps were derived from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS) imagery and two separate multiple linear regression models trained with field data; one for the Plains and a second for the Shield ecoregion. Field observations were used to estimate area burned in each of five severity classes (unburned, singed, light, moderate, severely burned) in six stratified randomly selected plots of 10 x 10-m in size across a 1-ha site. Using this five class scale a burn severity index (BSI) for each 1-ha site was calculated using multiple weighted and averaged field parameters. Pre- and post-fire phenologically paired Landsat 8 images were used to model the five discrete severity classes using midpoints as breaks.

Tags: earth-science, nasa, remote-sensing
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ABoVE: AVIRIS-NG Imaging Spectroscopy for Alaska, Canada, and Iceland, 2017-2022, V3

This dataset supersedes the previously published ABoVE AVIRIS-NG Level 2 surface reflectance files for 2017-2019 surveys of Alaska and northwestern Canada. It also includes previously unpublished L1 radiance and L2 reflectance for the 2021 surveys in Iceland when COVID-era policies prevented normal ABoVE flights, and the 2022 surveys, which returned to the ABoVE domain. The dataset comprises ~1700 individual flight lines covering ~120,000 km2 with a nominal spatial resolution of 5 m. Sampling includes individual transects to capture key gradients like the tundra-taiga ecotone and raster maps of key study areas like the CHARS Greiner watershed, the Mackenzie Delta, and the Utqiagvik/Point Barrow area. AVIRIS-NG measures reflected radiance in 425 bands at 5-nanometer (nm) intervals in the visible to shortwave infrared spectral range between 380 and 2510 nm. Measurements were radiometrically and geometrically calibrated. This dataset represents one part of a multi-sensor airborne sampling campaign conducted by eleven different aircraft teams for ABoVE. The imagery data are provided in ENVI format along with a RGB composite image for each flight line and shapefiles showing imagery boundaries.

Tags: earth-science, nasa, remote-sensing
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SPURS-2 Argo float CTD profile data from the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign

The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Part of the Argo global network of autonomous, self-reporting samplers, Argo floats drift horizontally and move vertically through the water column generally on 10 day cycles, collecting high-quality temperature, conductivity and salinity depth (CTD) profiles from the upper 2000m. Twenty five floats were deployed during SPURS-2 within the campaign spatial domain and time period, yielding approximately 1,893 profiles. These were standard Argo floats with the addition of acoustic rain gauges (PAL) in some cases. SPURS-2 ARGO data files are organized per float and profile with the vertical conductivity, salinity, temperature, pressure, depth observations per the netCDF ARGO file specification with some augmented global metadata attributes.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-temperature-profiles, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-conductivity, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-salinity
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ABoVE: Characterization of Burned and Unburned Boreal Forest Stands, SK, Canada, 2016

This dataset provides the results of field measurements and estimates of carbon stocks and combustion rates that characterize burned and unburned southern boreal forest stands near the La Ronge and Weyakwin communities in central Saskatchewan (SK), Canada. Measurements were completed in 2016 at 47 stands that burned in the 2015 Saskatchewan wildfires (Egg, Philion, and Brady) and at 32 unburned stands in comparable adjacent areas. Stands were characterized through field observations and sampling of the vegetative community (i.e., tree species, abundance, and biophysical measurements, stand age, coarse woody debris, history of fires or logging), soils (i.e., soil moisture class, unburned and burned soil organic layer depth, samples for bulk density and carbon analyses), and basic landscape geophysical traits. From these results, the pre-fire carbon stocks and carbon combustion values from both the above- and below-ground pools were estimated using a combination of linear and mixed-effects modeling and were calibrated against carbons stocks from the unburned stands. Estimates of uncertainty were generated for above- and below-ground carbon stocks and combustion values using a Monte Carlo framework paired with classic uncertainty propagation techniques.

Tags: earth-science, nasa, remote-sensing
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ABoVE: Atmospheric Gas Concentrations from Airborne Flasks, Arctic-CAP, 2017

This dataset provides atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), molecular hydrogen (H2), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and other trace gas mole fractions (i.e. "concentrations") from flights over Alaska and the Yukon and Northwest Territories of Canada during the Arctic Carbon Aircraft Profile (Arctic-CAP) monthly sampling campaigns from April-November 2017. The data were derived from laboratory measurements of whole air samples collected by Programmable Flask Packages (PFP) onboard the aircraft. During each of the six monthly campaigns, flights over the Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) domain included 25 vertical profiles, from the surface up to 6 km altitude, at locations selected to complement regular long-term vertical profiles, remote sensing data, and ground-based flux tower measurements. Measurements were initiated by the aircraft pilot at predetermined locations within each profile in order to evenly distribute flask sampling points throughout each flight. A total of 408 flask samples were collected during 55 individual flights. The measurements included in this data set are crucial for understanding changes in Arctic carbon cycling and the potential threats posed by thawing of Arctic permafrost.

Tags: earth-science, nasa, remote-sensing
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SPURS-2 Neutrally buoyant float data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign

The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Neutrally buoyant floats (also known as Mixed Layer Floats - MLF) drift and move through the water column providing continuous CTD temperature and salinity profiles and GPS surface position location data. One float was deployed in SPURS-2 during the first Revelle cruise in August 2016 and recovered in December 2016 after 3.5 months about 1800 km east of the central mooring. The MLF data are provided in netCDF file format with standards compliant metadata.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-temperature-profiles, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-salinity
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ABoVE: Burn Severity, Fire Progression, and Field Data, NWT, Canada, 2015-2016

This data set provides a fire progression map for year 2015 and measures of burn severity and vegetation community biophysical data collected from areas that were burned by wildfires in 2014 and 2015 in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Field data collected in 2016 include an estimate of burn severity, woody seedling/sprouting data, soil moisture, peat depth, thaw depth, and vegetation cover for selected sites.

Tags: earth-science, nasa, remote-sensing
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VIIRS/NPP BRDF/Albedo Parameter 2 VIS Daily L3 Global 30 ArcSec CMG V002

The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Model Parameter 2 VIS product (VNP43D29) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VNP43D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VNP43D product contains just one data layer. Each of the three model parameters (isotropic, volumetric, and geometric) for each of the nine VIIRS moderate resolution bands along with the visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), and shortwave bands included in the [VNP43MA1](https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP43MA1.002) product is stored in a separate file as VNP43D01 through VNP43D36. In addition to the bands included in VNP43MA1, this product suite includes model parameters for the VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) as VNP43D37 through VNP43D39. Details regarding methodology are available on the [VNP43MA1](https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP43MA1.002) product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VNP43D29 is the BRDF volumetric parameter for the VIIRS visible broadband (0.64 μm). The volumetric parameter, in conjunction with the isotropic and geometric parameters, is used to derive the BRDF/Albedo values for the VIIRS visible broadband. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue). Improvements/Changes from Previous Version * Improved calibration algorithm and better coefficients for entire Suomi NPP mission. * Improved geolocation accuracy and updates to fix outliers around maneuver periods and other events. * Corrections to the aerosol quantity flag (low, average, high) mainly over brighter surfaces in the mid to high latitudes such as desert and tropical vegetation areas. This has an impact on the retrieval of other downstream data products such as VNP13 Vegetation Indices and VNP43 BRDF/Albedo. * Improved cloud mask input product for corrections along coastlines and artifacts from use of coarse resolution climatology data. * Replaced the land/water mask input product with MODIS heritage seven class land/water mask.

Tags: earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-albedo, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-anisotropy, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SPURS-1 research vessel Underway-CTD trajectory profile data for N. Atlantic Endeavor and Knorr cruises

The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. An Underway-CTD (UCTD) was deployed on 2 of the SPURS-1 cruises. An UCTD is a towed CTD instrument providing conductivity, salinity and temperature depth profile observations while underway at up to 20kts. 771 UCTD casts occurred during the Knorr and Endeavor-I cruises (6 Sept-9 Oct 2012 and 15 Mar-15 Apr 2013 respectively) utilizing an Oceanscience instrument. UCTD data files (1 per cruise) each contain the observational data for multiple deployments, binned in 1m depth intervals.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-temperature-profiles, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-conductivity, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-salinity
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration