AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Oral cancer treatment costs in Greece and the effect of advanced disease

Background
          The main purpose of the study was to quantify the direct costs of oral cancer treatment to the healthcare system of Greece. Another aim was to identify factors that affect costs and potential cost reduction items. More specifically, we examined the relationship between stage of disease, modality of treatment and total direct costs.
        
        
          Methods
          The medical records and clinic files of the Oral and Maxillofacial Clinic of the Athens General Hospital "Genimatas" were abstracted to investigate clinical treatment characteristics, including length of hospitalization, modes of treatment, stage of disease etc. Records of 95 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC), with at least six months of follow-up, were examined. The clinical data was then used to calculate actual direct costs, based on 2001 market values.
        
        
          Results
          The mean total direct costs for OSSC treatment estimated at euro 8,450 or approximately US$ 7,450. Costs depended on the stage of the disease, with significant increases in stages III and IV, as compared with stages I and II (p < 0.05). Multi-modality treatment applied mainly to patients in stages III and IV was the factor that affected the cost. Disease stage was also associated with the total duration of hospitalization (p < 0.05).
        
        
          Conclusions
          The clinical management of advanced oral cancer is strongly associated with higher costs. Although the ideal would be to prevent cancer, the combination of high-risk screening, early diagnosis and early treatment seems the most efficient way to reduce costs, and most importantly, prolong life.

Tags: greece-healthcare, nih, oral-cancer, squamous-cell-carcinoma, treatment-cost
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Publications Using SAMHSA DataBehavioral Health Barometer: Region 8, Volume 5

This is a behavioral health report for HHS Region VIII of the United States and utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment (N-SSATS), collected annually. The topics addressed in the reports include youth mental health, adult mental health, and substance use.

Tags: behavioral-health, mental-health, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
NSDUH 2023 Pill Images for the NSDUH Questionnaire

This report contains the pill images used in the audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) portion of the NSDUH questionnaire. These images are copyrighted and may not be reproduced. The owner of the copyright is SFI Medical Publishing of Lawrence, Kansas.

Tags: drug-recognition, medication-images, pill-identification, samhsa, substance-abuse
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Site-specific mutations of FtsZ - effects on GTPase and in vitro assembly

Background
          FtsZ, the major cytoskeletal protein in bacterial cytokinesis, assembles in vitro into protofilaments, which can further associate into sheets, bundles or tubes. We have constructed 16 site-directed mutants of E. coli ftsZ, and tested them for GTP hydrolysis and assembly in vitro, and for their ability to complement the temperature sensitive ftsZ84 mutation in E. coli.
        
        
          Results
          The mutants were grouped into three classes. Benign mutants, which mapped mostly to the front and back surface of the protofilament, were able to complement ftsZ84 in vivo and showed normal assembly in vitro. GTP contact mutations had less than 10% of wild type GTPase activity. They could all assemble in vitro, and several of these mutants could complement ftsZ84. A third, and newly discovered, class of mutations mapped to the sides of the protofilaments. These lateral mutants had mostly normal GTPase and assembly in vitro, but none of them complemented ftsZ84. The non-complementing mutants showed greatly reduced expression from the pBS58 vector, suggesting possible dominant negative effects.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Several mutants with greatly reduced GTPase could still complement ftsZ84, suggesting that the high level of GTPase observed in vitro is not essential for in vivo function. All of the lateral mutants failed to complement ftsZ84, which suggests that these surfaces of the protofilaments are important for function in cell division. These lateral surfaces may mediate association of FtsZ protofilaments into pairs or small sheets, although their structure is apparently different from the sheets assembled in DEAE dextran or calcium.

Tags: bacterial-cytokinesis, ftsz-protein, gtpase-activity, nih, site-directed-mutagenesis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Publications Using SAMHSA Data2011-2012 NSDUH State Prevalence Estimates Among Adults Age 18 or Older

This show the 2011-2012 NSDUH State Prevalence Estimates Among Adults Age 18 or Older. Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE). Results are provided by State.

Tags: adult-mental-health, mental-illness-prevalence, samhsa, state-level-data, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Differential expression of Aquaporin 8 in human colonic epithelial cells and colorectal tumors

Background
          The gene expression pattern in tumor cells differs from that in corresponding normal cells. In order to identify differentially expressed genes in colorectal tumors and normal colorectal epithelium, a differential display experiment was used to compare RNA expression in normal and tumor tissue samples.
        
        
          Results
          One gene fragment was expressed only in normal tissue and not, or to a much lesser extent, in the adenomas, carcinomas and cancer cell lines. The isolated gene fragment was identical to Aquaporin 8 (AQP8), a water channel protein. In situ hybridization demonstrated that AQP8 was expressed in the cells facing the lumen in the normal colonic epithelium.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Our result suggests that the expression of AQP8 is a marker of normal proliferating colonic epithelial cells and suggest these cells to be involved in fluid transport in the colon.

Tags: aquaporin-8, colorectal-cancer, epithelial-cells, gene-expression, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Behavioral Health Barometer: Massachusetts, 2013

This is a behavioral health report for the state of Massachusetts. It uses the  National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (NSSATS) to address the topics of youth substance use , youth mental health and treatment, adult mental health and treatment, substance use, substance use treatment for the years 2008 to 2012.

Tags: behavioral-health, massachusetts, mental-health, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Drug-induced and postnatal hypothyroidism impairs the accumulation of diacylglycerol in liver and liver cell plasma membranes

Background
          Thyroid hormones are well known modulators of signal transduction. The effect of hyper- and hypo-thyroidism on diacylglycerol/protein kinase C (DAG/PKC) signaling in cardiomiocytes has been determined. Triiodothyronine (T3) has been shown to prevent the α1-adrenoreceptor-mediated activation of PKC but does not alter the stimulation of enzyme and hepatic metabolism by phorbol ethers. It has been suggested that the elevation of endogenous DAG in senescent or hypothyroid cells changes the PKC-dependent response of cells to phorbol esters and hormones. In the present study, was examined the formation of DAG and activation of PKC in liver cells from rats of  different thyroid status.
        
        
          Results
          The results obtained provide the first demonstration of DAG accumulation in liver and cell plasma membranes at age- and drug-dependent thyroid gland malfunction. The experiments were performed in either the [14C]CH3COOH-labeled rat liver, liver slices or hepatocytes labeled by [14C] oleic acid and [3H]arachidonic acid or [14C]palmitic acid as well as in the isolated liver cell plasma membranes of 90- and 720-day-old rats of different thyroid status. The decrease of T4 and T3 levels in blood serum of 720-day-old rats and mercazolil-treated animals was associated with increases of both the DAG mass in liver and liver cell plasma membranes and newly synthesized [14C]DAG level in liver and isolated hepatocytes. Hypothyroidism decreased PKC activity in both membrane and cytosol as well as phospholipid and triacylglycerol synthesis in liver. These hypothyroidism effects were restored in liver by injection of T4. T4 administration to the intact animals of different ages decreased the DAG level in liver and isolated plasma membranes and the content of newly synthesized DAG in liver. The reduction of DAG level in liver was not associated with increasing free fatty acid level. DAG labeling ratio 14C/3H in liver slices of rats of different thyroid state sharply differed from PL. DAG was relatively enriched in [14C]oleic acid whereas PL were enriched in [3H]arachidonic acid.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The above data have indicated that thyroid hormones are important physiological modulators of DAG level in rat liver and cell plasma membranes. Age- and drug-induced malfunction of thyroid gland resulted in a prominent decrease of glycerolipid synthesis which may promote DAG accumulation in liver.

Tags: diacylglycerol, drug-induced-hypothyroidism, liver-metabolism, nih, postnatal-hypothyroidism
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Taking stock of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis

The identification of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene opened the way for gene therapy. In the ten years since then, proof of principle in vitro and then in animal models in vivo has been followed by numerous clinical studies using both viral and non-viral vectors to transfer normal copies of the gene to the lungs and noses of CF patients. A wealth of data have emerged from these studies, reflecting enormous progress and also helping to focus and define key difficulties that remain unresolved. Gene therapy for CF remains the most promising possibility for curative rather than symptomatic therapy.

Tags: cftr-gene, clinical-studies, cystic-fibrosis, gene-therapy, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2018-2020 Substate Estimates of Substance Use and Mental Illness

Substate estimates for these years are no longer available due to methodological concerns with combining 2020 data with data from 2018 and 2019. We apologize for any inconvenience or confusion this may cause.Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, most respondents answered the survey via the web in Quarter 4 of 2020, even though all responses in Quarter 1 were from in-person interviews. It is known that people may respond to the survey differently while taking it online, thus introducing what is called a mode effect.When the state estimates were released, it was assumed that the mode effect was similar for different groups of people. However, later analyses have shown that this assumption should not be made. Because of these analyses, along with concerns about the rapid societal changes in 2020, it was determined that averages across the three years could be misleading.For more detail on this decision, see the 2018-2020substate data page.

Tags: mental-illness, prevalence-estimates, samhsa, substance-use, substate-data
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The role of secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor and elafin (elastase-specific inhibitor/skin-derived antileukoprotease) as alarm antiproteinases in inflammatory lung disease

Secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor and elafin are two low-molecular-mass elastase inhibitors that are mainly synthesized locally at mucosal sites. It is thought that their physicochemical properties allow them to efficiently inhibit target enzymes, such as neutrophil elastase, released into the interstitium. Historically, in the lung, these inhibitors were first purified from secretions of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. This suggested that they might be important in controlling excessive neutrophil elastase release in these pathologies. They are upregulated by 'alarm signals' such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and cytokines such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor and have been shown to be active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, so that they have joined the growing list of antimicrobial 'defensin-like' peptides produced by the lung. Their site of synthesis and presumed functions make them very attractive candidates as potential therapeutic agents under conditions in which the excessive release of elastase by neutrophils might be detrimental. Because of its natural tropism for the lung, the use of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer is extremely promising in such applications.

Tags: copd, cystic-fibrosis, lung-inflammation, nih, protease-inhibitors
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
A sensitive and rapid assay for homologous recombination in mosquito cells: impact of vector topology and implications for gene targeting

Background
          Recent progress in insect transgenesis has been dramatic but existing transposon-based approaches are constrained by position effects and potential instability. Gene targeting would bring a number of benefits, however progress requires a better understanding of the mechanisms involved. Much can be learned in vitro since extrachromosomal recombination occurs at high frequency, facilitating the study of multiple events and the impact of structural changes among the recombining molecules. We have investigated homologous recombination in mosquito cells through restoration of luciferase activity from deleted substrates. The implications of this work for the construction of insect gene targeting vectors are discussed.
        
        
          Results
          We show that linear targeting vectors are significantly more efficient than circular ones and that recombination is stimulated by introducing double-strand breaks into, or near, the region of homology. Single-strand annealing represents a very efficient pathway but may not be feasible for targeting unbroken chromosomes. Using circular plasmids to mimic chromosomal targets, one-sided invasion appears to be the predominant pathway for homologous recombination. Non-homologous end joining reactions also occur and may be utilised in gene targeting if double-strand breaks are first introduced into the target site.
        
        
          Conclusions
          We describe a rapid, sensitive assay for extrachromosomal homologous recombination in mosquito cells. Variations in substrate topology suggest that single-strand annealing and one-sided invasion represent the predominant pathways, although non-homologous end joining reactions also occur. One-sided invasion of circular chromosomal mimics by linear vectors might therefore be used in vitro to investigate the design and efficiency of gene targeting strategies.

Tags: gene-targeting, homologous-recombination, insect-transgenesis, mosquito-cells, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Long-term experimental evolution in

Background
          Twelve populations of the bacterium, Escherichia coli, adapted to a simple, glucose-limited, laboratory environment over 10,000 generations. As a consequence, these populations tended to lose functionality on alternative resources. I examined whether these populations in turn became inferior competitors in four alternative environments. These experiments are among the first to quantify and compare dimensions of the fundamental and realized niches.
        
        
          Results
          Three clones were isolated from each of the twelve populations after 10,000 generations of evolution. Direct competition between these clones and the ancestor in the selective environment revealed average fitness improvements of ~50%. When grown in the wells of Biolog plates, however, evolved clones grew 25% worse on average than the ancestor on a variety of different carbon sources. Next, I competed each evolved population versus the ancestor in four foreign environments (10-fold higher and lower glucose concentration, added bile salts, and dilute LB media). Surprisingly, nearly all populations were more fit than the ancestor in each foreign environment, though the margin of improvement was least in the most different environment. Most populations also evolved increased sensitivity to novobiocin.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Reduced functionality on numerous carbon sources suggested that the fundamental niche of twelve E. coli populations had narrowed after adapting to a specific laboratory environment. However, in spite of these results, the same populations were competitively superior in four novel environments. These findings suggest that adaptation to certain dimensions of the environment may compensate for other functional losses and apparently enhance the realized niche.

Tags: bacterial-fitness, e-coli-evolution, experimental-evolution, glucose-adaptation, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2011 State Profile — Montana

This is a National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) data table showing state profiles for Montana in 2011. N-SSATS is designed to collect data on the location, characteristics, and use of alcohol and drug abuse treatment facilities and services throughout the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and other U.S. jurisdictions.

Tags: alcohol-drug-treatment, montana-health-services, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, treatment-facility-survey
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Severe renal bleeding caused by a ruptured renal sheath: case report of a rare complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Background
          Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a minimally invasive intervention for renal stone disease. Complications, which are rare and usually presented as case reports, are diversified as the utilization of the procedure is expanded. The procedure causes less blood loss and less morbidity when compared to open surgical procedures. Yet, there are some reports involving severe bleeding and relevant morbidity during surgery. These are usually related with the surgical technique or experience of the surgeon.
          Renal sheaths are designed to cause minimal trauma inside the kidney and, to our knowledge, there are no reports presenting the rupture of a sheath causing severe bleeding during the procedure.
        
        
          Case report
          We present an adult patient who had severe bleeding during percutaneous nephrolithotomy due to parenchymal injury caused by a ruptured renal sheath. During retrieval, due probably to rough handling of the equipment, a piece of stone with serrated edges ruptured the tip of the sheath, and this tip caused damage inside the kidney. The operation was terminated and measures were taken to control bleeding. The patient was transfused with a total of 1600 ml of blood, and the stones were cleared in a second look operation.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Although considered to be a minimally invasive procedure, some unexpected complications may arise during percutaneous nephrolithotomy. After being fragmanted, stone pieces may damage surgical equipment, causing acute and severe harm to the kidney. Surgeons must manipulate the equipment with fine and careful movements in order to prevent this situation.

Tags: kidney-stone-disease, nih, percutaneous-nephrolithotomy, renal-bleeding, renal-sheath-rupture
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
A search for reverse transcriptase-coding sequences reveals new non-LTR retrotransposons in the genome of

Background:
          Non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons are eukaryotic mobile genetic elements that transpose by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. We have performed a systematic search for sequences matching the characteristic reverse transcriptase domain of non-LTR retrotransposons in the sequenced regions of the Drosophila melanogaster genome.
        
        
          Results:
          In addition to previously characterized BS, Doc, F, G, I and Jockey elements, we have identified new non-LTR retrotransposons: Waldo, You and JuanDm. Waldo elements are related to mosquito RTI elements. You to the Drosophila I factor, and JuanDm to mosquito Juan-A and Juan-C. Interestingly, all JuanDm elements are highly homogeneous in sequence, suggesting that they are recent components of the Drosophila genome.
        
        
          Conclusions:
          The genome of D. melanogaster contains at least ten families of non-site-specific non-LTR retrotransposons representing three distinct clades. Many of these families contain potentially active members. Fine evolutionary analyses must await the more accurate sequences that are expected in the next future.

Tags: drosophila-melanogaster, mobile-genetic-elements, nih, retrotransposons, reverse-transcriptase
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
A Revised Strategy for Estimating the Prevalence of Mental Illness

This report presents current and prior methodological approaches for estimating the prevalence of serious mental illness (SMI) and any mental illness (AMI) among adults aged 18 or older using 2008 to 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data. Revised SMI and AMI estimates for 2012 are presented by by age group, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, employment status, region, county type, receipt of mental health treatment, federal poverty level and insurance status.

Tags: mental-health-estimates, mental-illness-prevalence, nsduh-data, samhsa, smi-ami
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Suicidality and Death by Suicide Among Middle-aged Adults in the United States

This report uses 2009 to 2014 NSDUH data, and 1999 and 2009 to 2014 data from the National Vital Statistics System to examine the percentages of suicidal thoughts and behaviors versus suicidal death rates among the middle-aged.

Tags: middle-aged-adults, nsuhd-data, samhsa, suicidal-ideation, suicide-mortality
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
NSDUH 2022 Questionnaire

Browse the English in-person and web interview questionnaires for the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The documents provide the exact questions given to respondents in their full context, along with the skip patterns that determined whether a person was asked a question or not. There is also information on which sections were interviewer administered when conducted in-person, and a section that summarizes changes made to the questionnaire for 2022.

Tags: behavioral-health-survey, mental-health, nsduh-questionnaire, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Miami - Fort Lauderdale Div: Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits, 2008-2011 - Suicide Attempts

Excel file with estimates, rates, relative standard errors, trends and confidence intervals for all drug-related emergency department (ED) visits involving suicide attempts  in the Fort Lauderdale division of the Miami metropolitan area, covering 2008-2011.  Drug-related suicide attempts include visits for drug overdoses and for suicide attempts by other means (e.g., using a firearm) if drugs were involved or related to the suicide attempt.

Tags: drug-overdose, emergency-department, miami-fort-lauderdale, samhsa, suicide-attempts
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services