AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
GISS ModelE2 contributions to the CMIP5 archive

We present a description of the ModelE2 version of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) General Circulation Model (GCM) and the configurations used in the simulations performed for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). We use six variations related to the treatment of the atmospheric composition, the calculation of aerosol indirect effects, and ocean model component. Specifically, we test the difference between atmospheric models that have noninteractive composition, where radiatively important aerosols and ozone are prescribed from precomputed decadal averages, and interactive versions where atmospheric chemistry and aerosols are calculated given decadally varying emissions. The impact of the first aerosol indirect effect on clouds is either specified using a simple tuning, or parameterized using a cloud microphysics scheme. We also use two dynamic ocean components: the Russell and HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) which differ significantly in their basic formulations and grid. Results are presented for the climatological means over the satellite era (1980-2004) taken from transient simulations starting from the preindustrial (1850) driven by estimates of appropriate forcings over the 20th Century. Differences in base climate and variability related to the choice of ocean model are large, indicating an important structural uncertainty. The impact of interactive atmospheric composition on the climatology is relatively small except in regions such as the lower stratosphere, where ozone plays an important role, and the tropics, where aerosol changes affect the hydrological cycle and cloud cover. While key improvements over previous versions of the model are evident, these are not uniform across all metrics.

Tags: climate-indicators-atmosphere-earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmospheric-pressure-measureme, earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-chemical-composition, earth-science-atmospheric-ocean-indicators-climate-indicators-cloud-indicators-increased-decrea
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Glacier Mass Balance and Regime Measurements and Analysis, 1945-2003, Version 1

This data set consists of glacier regime parameters observed between 1945 and 2003. Data include annual mass balances, ablation, accumulation, and equilibrium-line altitude of mountain and subpolar glaciers outside the two major ice sheets. All available sources of information, such as publications, archived data, and personal communications have been collected, and include time series of more than 300 glaciers. Data have been digitized and quality checked.

Tags: earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-cryosphere-ablation-zones-accumulation-zones, earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-cryosphere-glacier-elevation-ice-sheet-elevation, earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-cryosphere-glacier-mass-balance-ice-sheet-mass-balance, earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-cryosphere-glaciers, earth-science-snow-ice-cryosphere-ice-extent
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Glacier Inventory of West Greenland, 1948 - 1985, Version 1

The inventory includes 5,297 Glaciers from west Greenland between 59 to 71 degrees latitude north and 43 to 53 degrees longitude west. The glacier data basin division is based on a simplified version of the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) system. Data are based on 1:250000 maps, Landsat imagery, and aerial photos that were taken between 1948 and 1985.

Tags: earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-cryosphere-glaciers-glaciers, earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-terrestrial-hydrosphere-glaciers-glaciers
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Fourth Convection and Moisture Experiment ER2 MODIS Airborne Simulator

The Convection And Moisture EXperiment (CAMEX) 4 focused on the study of tropical cyclone (hurricane) development, tracking, intensification, and landfalling impacts using NASA-funded aircraft and surface remote sensing instrumentation. These aircraft flew over, through, and around selected hurricanes as they approached landfall in the Caribbean, Gulf of America, and along the East Coast of the United States. This study yields high spatial and temporal information of hurricane structure, dynamics, and motion. The data set contains the measurements collected by the MAS instrument onboard the ER2 aircraft. The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) is an airborne scanning spectrometer that acquires high spatial resolution imagery of cloud and surface features from its vantage point on-board a NASA ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft. The MAS spectrometer acquires high spatial resolution imagery in the range of 0.55 to 14.3 microns. A total of 50 spectral bands are available in this range. A 50-channel digitizer which records all 50 spectral bands at 12 bit resolution became operational in January 1995. The MAS spectrometer is mated to a scanner sub-assembly which collects image data with an IFOV of 2.5 mrad, giving a ground resolution of 50 meters from 20000 meters altitude, and a cross track scan width of 85.92 degrees.

Tags: earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-infrared-radiance, earth-science-visible-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-visible-radiance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GLAS/ICESat 1 km Laser Altimetry Digital Elevation Model of Greenland, Version 1

The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument on the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) provides global measurements of elevation, and repeats measurements along nearly-identical tracks; its primary mission is to measure changes in ice volume (mass balance) over time. This digital elevation model (DEM) of Greenland is derived from GLAS/ICESat laser altimetry profile data and provides new surface elevation grids of the ice sheets and coastal areas, with greater latitudinal extent and fewer slope-related effects than radar altimetry. This DEM is generated from the first seven operational periods (from February 2003 through June 2005) of the GLAS instrument. It is provided on polar stereographic grids at 1 km grid spacing. The grid covers all of Greenland south of 83° N. Elevations are reported as centimeters above the datums, relative to both the WGS 84 ellipsoid and the EGM96 geoid, in two separate elevation data files. A data quality map of the interpolation distance is distributed in addition to the elevation data. ENVI header files are also provided. The data are in 4-byte (long) signed integer binary files (big endian byte order) and are available via FTP.

Tags: earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-cryosphere-glacier-elevation-ice-sheet-elevation, earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-terrestrial-hydrosphere-glacier-elevation-ice-sheet-elevation, earth-science-topography-land-surface-terrain-elevation-digital-elevation-terrain-model-dem
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GLDAS Catchment Land Surface Model L4 daily 0.25 x 0.25 degree V2.0 (GLDAS_CLSM025_D) at GES DISC

NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (GLDAS-2) has three components: GLDAS-2.0, GLDAS-2.1, and GLDAS-2.2. GLDAS-2.0 is forced entirely with the Princeton meteorological forcing input data and provides a temporally consistent series from 1948 through 2014. GLDAS-2.1 is forced with a combination of model and observation data from 2000 to present. GLDAS-2.2 product suites use data assimilation (DA), whereas the GLDAS-2.0 and GLDAS-2.1 products are "open-loop" (i.e., no data assimilation). The choice of forcing data, as well as DA observation source, variable, and scheme, vary for different GLDAS-2.2 products. This data set, GLDAS-2.0 0.25 degree daily, contains a series of land surface parameters simulated from the Catchment Land Surface Model 3.6, and currently covers from January 1948 to December 2014. The GLDAS-2.0 model simulations were initialized on January 1, 1948, using soil moisture and other state fields from the LSM climatology for that day of the year. The simulations were forced by the global meteorological forcing data set from Princeton University (Sheffield et al., 2006). Each simulation uses the common GLDAS data sets for land water mask (MOD44W: Carroll et al., 2009) and elevation (GTOPO30) along with the model default land cover and soils datasets. Catchment model uses the Mosaic land cover classification and soils, topographic, and other model-specific parameters were derived in a consistent manner as in the NASA/GMAO&#8217;s GEOS-5 climate modeling system. The MODIS based land surface parameters are used in the current GLDAS-2.0 and GLDAS-2.1 products. The GLDAS-2.0 data are archived and distributed in netCDF format.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-surface-pressure, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-longwave-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-shortwave-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-processes-evapotranspiration, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-liquid-precipitation-rain, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-rate, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-solid-precipitation-snow, earth-science-snow-ice-terrestrial-hydrosphere-snow-water-equivalent, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-temperature, earth-science-surface-thermal-properties-land-surface-land-surface-temperature, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements-runoff
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GHRSST Level 2P Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Scanning Microwave Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) on the NASA Aqua Satellite

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) was launched on 4 May 2002, aboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft. The National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) provided AMSR-E to NASA as an indispensable part of Aqua's global hydrology mission. Over the oceans, AMSR-E is measuring a number of important geophysical parameters, including sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed, atmospheric water vapor, cloud water, and rain rate. A key feature of AMSR-E is its capability to see through clouds, thereby providing an uninterrupted view of global SST and surface wind fields. Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS) is the provider of these SST data for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, performs a detailed processing of AMSR-E instrument data in two stages. The first stage produces a near-real-time (NRT) product (identified by "_rt_" within the file name) which is made as available as soon as possible. This is generally within 3 hours of when the data are recorded. Although suitable for many timely uses the NRT products are not intended to be archive quality. "Final" data (currently identified by "v7" within the file name) are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric model National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) Operational Global Analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-sea-surface-temperature-sub-skin-sea-surface-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GHRSST Level 2P Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature version 8.2 (v8.2) from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) by REMSS

This product provides a “Final” (Refined) Level-2 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) (currently identified by "v8.2" within the file name) for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, which is derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS). AMSR2 was launched on 18 May 2012, onboard the Global Change Observation Mission - Water (GCOM-W) satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. AMSR2 is a remote sensing instrument for measuring weak microwave emission from the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth. The antenna of AMSR2 rotates once per 1.5 seconds and obtains data over a 1450 km swath. This conical scan mechanism enables AMSR2 to acquire a set of daytime and nighttime data with more than 99% coverage of the Earth every 2 days. The “Final” SSTs are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric model National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) Operational Global Analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. The v8.2 supersedes the previous v8a dataset which can be found at https://www.doi.org/10.5067/GHAM2-2PR8A.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-sea-surface-temperature-sub-skin-sea-surface-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Full Resolution Full Swath Geophysical Product for Ocean, Land and Atmosphere

The Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) is one of 10 sensors deployed in March of 2002 on board the polar-orbiting Envisat-1 environmental research satellite by the European Space Agency (ESA). The MERIS instrument is a moderate-resolution wide field-of-view push-broom imaging spectroradiometer capable of sensing in the 390 nm to 1040 nm spectral range. Being a programmable instrument, it had the unique capability of selectively adjusting the width and location of its 15 bands through ground command. The instrument has a 68.5-degree field of view and a swath width of 1150 meters, providing a global coverage every 3 days at 300 m resolution. Communication with the Envisat-1 satellite was lost suddenly on the 8th of April, 2012, just weeks after celebrating its 10th year in orbit. All attempts to re-establish contact were unsuccessful, and the end of the mission was declared on May 9th, 2012. The 4th reprocessing cycle, in 2020, has produced both the full-resolution and reduced-resolution L1 and L2 MERIS products. EN1_MDSI_MER_FRS_2P is the short-name for the MERIS Level-2 full resolution, geophysical product for ocean, land, and atmosphere. This Level-2 product comes in a netCDF4 package that contains both instrument and science measurements, and a Manifest file that provides metadata information describing the product. Each Level-2 product contains 64 measurement files that break down thus: 13 files containing water-leaving reflectance, 13 files containing land surface reflectance and 13 files containing the TOA reflectance (for all bands except those dedicated to measuring atmospheric gas - M11 and M15), and several files containing additional measurements on ocean, land, and atmosphere parameters.

Tags: earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-microphysics-cloud-precipitable-water, earth-science-landscape-land-surface-landscape-ecology, earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans-ocean-color, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GHRSST Level 4 MW_OI Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature analysis version 5.0 from REMSS

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.25-degree grid at Remote Sensing Systems. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) from microwave (MW) sensors including the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSRE), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) onboard the GCOM-W1 satellite, and WindSat operates on the Coriolis satellite. The through-cloud capabilities of microwave radiometers provide a valuable picture of global sea surface temperature (SST). This analysis does not use any in situ SST data such as drifting buoy SST. Comparing with previous version 4.0 dataset, the version 5.0 has made the updates in several areas, including the diurnal warming model, the sensor-specific error statistics (SSES) for each microwave sensor, the sensor correlation model, and the quality mask.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-sea-surface-temperature-foundation-sea-surface-temperatu
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GLM Events and Flashes Data

The GLM Events and Flashes Data consist of the size and number of lightning flashes and events. The data were collected from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) instrument on the GOES-16 and GOES-17 satellites and are available as L1b events (raw) and L2 flashes (processed). They are available from March 15, 2021, through March 18, 2021, in netCDF-4 and HDF-5 formats.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-electricity-atmosphere-lightning
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Global 30-Year Mean Monthly Climatology, 1930-1960, V2.1 (Cramer and Leeman)

This database is a major update of the Leemans and Cramer database (Leemans and Cramer 1991). It currently contains monthly averages of mean temperature, temperature range, precipitation, rain days and sunshine hours for the terrestrial surface of the globe, gridded at 0.5 degree longitude/latitude resolution. It was generated from a large data base, using the partial thin-plate splining algorithm developed by Michael F. Hutchinson, Canberra (Hutchinson and Bischof 1983).

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-sunshine, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-liquid-precipitation-rain, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Global 1-degree Maps of Forest Area, Carbon Stocks, and Biomass, 1950-2010

This data set provides global forest area, forest growing stock, and forest biomass data at 1-degree resolution for the period 1950-2010. The data set is based on a compilation of forest area and growing stock data reported in international assessments performed by FAO, MCPFE (now Forest Europe), and UNECE. Data of different assessments are to the extent possible harmonized to reflect both forest area and other wooded land, to be comparable between countries and assessments.

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-forest-science-agriculture-forest-yields, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-carbon
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GLIMS Glacier Database, Version 1

Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) is an international initiative with the goal of repeatedly surveying the world's estimated 200,000 glaciers. GLIMS uses data collected by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument aboard the Terra satellite and the LANDSAT series of satellites, along with historical observations. The GLIMS initiative has created a unique glacier inventory, storing information about the extent and rates of change of all the world's mountain glaciers and ice caps. The GLIMS Glacier Database was built up from data contributions from many glaciological institutions, which are managed by Regional Coordinators, who coordinate the production of glacier mapping results for their particular region. The GLIMS Glacier Database provides students, educators, scientists, and the public with reliable glacier data from these analyses. New glacier data are continually being added to the database. The GLIMS Glacier Viewer was developed to provide the public with easy access to the GLIMS Glacier Database. This Web application allows users to view and query several thematic layers, including glacier outlines, Regional Coordinator institution locations, the World Glacier Inventory, and more. GLIMS data can be downloaded into a number of GIS-compatible formats, including ESRI Shapefiles, MapInfo tables, Geographic Mark-up Language (GML), and Keyhole Mark-up Language (KML) suitable for viewing in Google Earth.

Tags: earth-science-glaciers-ice-sheets-cryosphere-glaciers-glacier-extent
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Global 30-Year Mean Monthly Climatology, 1901-1960 (New et al.)

This is a data set of 30-year mean monthly surface climate data over global land areas, excluding Antarctica, for the period 1901-1960. The data set is gridded at 0.5 degree latitude/longitude resolution and includes seven variables: precipitation, mean temperature, diurnal temperature range, wet-day frequency, vapour pressure, cloud cover, and ground-frost frequency. In constructing the monthly grids the authors used an anomaly approach which attempts to maximize station data in space and time (New et al., 2000). In this technique, grids of monthly historic anomalies are derived relative to a standard normal period. Station measurement data for the years 1961-1990, extracted from the monthly data holdings of the Climatic Research Unit and the Global Historic Climatology Network (GHCN), served as the normal period (New et al., 1999). The anomaly grids were then combined with high-resolution mean monthly climatology to arrive at fields of estimated historical monthly surface climate. Data users are encouraged to see the companion file New et al.(2000) for a complete description of this technique and potential applications and limitations of the data set. For additional information, refer to the IPCC Data Distribution Centre.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-maximum-minimum-temperatur, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-water-vapor, earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-properties-cloud-frequency, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount, earth-science-weather-events-atmosphere-freeze-frost
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Global Annual Soil Respiration Data (Raich and Schlesinger 1992)

This data set is a compilation of soil respiration rates (g C m-2 yr-1) from terrestrial and wetland ecosystems reported in the literature prior to 1992. These rates were measured in a variety of ecosystems to examine rates of microbial activity, nutrient turnover, carbon cycling, root dynamics, and a variety of other soil processes. In this summary, only those data based on most or all of one full year of measurements were used so that annual rates of soil respiration could be estimated. Data from soil cores were excluded because the sample coring modifies root respiration. Also included in the data set are biome type, vegetation type, locality, and geographic coordinates, based on information from the original paper. Mean annual temperature and precipitation were based on the original paper; where those data were not included, they were estimated from a gridded global climate database [0.5 degree resolution; Legates D.R. and C.J. Willmott. 1988. Global Air Temperature and Precipitation Data Archive. Department of Geography, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA).

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-respiration
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration