AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Sea Level Rise: American Samoa: High-Tide Flooding: 2100 High Scenario

This high-tide flooding layer provides a prediction of future sea level rise (SLR) inundation and was produced using a passive flooding model, often referred to as a "bathtub" model. It provides an assessment of flooded areas according to a specific water level. These water levels are determined using projections from the U.S. Interagency Task Force (ITF) (Sweet et al., 2022) in combination with land subsidence projections modeled by Han et al. (2019). The latter is included only for Tutuila, Aunuu, and Manua Islands (Ofu, Olosega, and Tau). In contrast, SLR projections for Swains Island and Rose Atoll only include the climate-related processes (ITF). The projections are modeled following both scenarios and time. The five scenarios range from low to high depending on the amount of greenhouse gases emissions, while time is divided by decade from 2030 to 2100.

We apply this model to the 2022 National Geodetic Survey (NGS) lidar DEM for American Samoa with 1-meter resolution. The DEM was leveled from NAD83 (PA11) to mean sea level at 0 m (MSL=0) in 2005. The adjustment of the DEM may lead to inaccuracies due to the lack of historic information. It is also important to acknowledge that any inaccuracies in the DEM will lead to inaccuracies in the flooding estimates.

In the 2100 high scenario represented here, the modeled water level is 252 cm (216 cm for Rose and Swains). In this scenario, world-wide society continues to increase emissions. Tipping points (large and sudden changes) are triggered, and worst-case possibilities arise. It is recommended using this scenario for planning construction of infrastructure with highly critical use and longer lifespans, such as a new hospital.

Flood depth is provided in centimeters above the 2005 mean higher high water (MHHW) tide level.

It is essential to emphasize that the passive flooding model used to produce this data layer does not include the effects of waves on flooding. As a result, the extent and impacts of future flooding under high-wave conditions are not represented, which should be accounted for in planning efforts. In addition, the DEM is assumed to be unchanged as sea level rises, but in fact there will be erosion and changes in the shape of the land surface, and continued subsidence. This also must be considered, and it is best practice to consider any flooding extent or depth represented in this data layer as a best-case scenario, with the effects of dynamic shoreline processes leading to greater flood extent and depth than presented.

Tags: american samoa, atmospheric/ocean indicators, aunuu, climate indicators, coastal processes, earth science, environmental impacts, floods, human dimensions, inundation, manua, natural hazards, ocean, oceans, ofu, olosega, pacific islands ocean observing system, pacific ocean, pacioos, polynesia, rose atoll, sea level rise, south pacific ocean, swains, tau, tutuila
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Coral Favorability: Overall Environmental Conditions: Present - American Samoa

The overall condition of the environment is a combination of managed and non-managed factors. While it is difficult for managers to prevent coral bleaching events, reefs experiencing fewer stressors may recover more quickly than reefs that were highly stressed at the time of bleaching. The scores for managed (see layer "as_usgs_tutma_coralscore_mgt") and non-managed conditions (see layer "as_usgs_tutma_coralscore_nonmgt") were averaged to produce an overall environmental favorability score. This layer represents a relative score for how favorable overall conditions are for coral growth and survival from a scale of 0 (worst) to 1 (best) in the present climate scenario. These data are provided as a raster with a resolution of 500 m for American Samoa, including Tutuila and the Manua Islands (Ofu, Olosega, and Tau).

Tags: american samoa, aquatic ecosystems, biosphere, coastal areas, coastal processes, conservation, coral reef, coral reef assessment, coral reefs, earth science, ecosystems, environmental governance/management, environmental impacts, environmental sustainability, human dimensions, human settlements, manua, marine ecosystems, ocean, oceans, ofu, olosega, pacific islands ocean observing system, pacific ocean, pacioos, polynesia, reef, reef habitat, south pacific ocean, sustainability, tau, tutuila
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Sea Level Rise: American Samoa: High-Tide Flooding: 1-Ft Scenario

This high-tide flooding layer provides a prediction of future sea level rise (SLR) inundation and was produced using a passive flooding model, often referred to as a "bathtub" model. It provides an assessment of flooded areas according to a specific water level. As an alternative to the SLR scenarios in other data layers that we provide, our project also provides the ability to select specific amounts of SLR in increments of one foot, independent of any particular scenario. This information can be used if guidance for a project requires planning for a specific amount of SLR rather than a time horizon. The present layer models a sea level rise of 1 foot (30 cm).

We apply this model to the 2022 National Geodetic Survey (NGS) lidar DEM for American Samoa with 1-meter resolution. The DEM was leveled from NAD83 (PA11) to mean sea level at 0 m (MSL=0) in 2005. The adjustment of the DEM may lead to inaccuracies due to the lack of historic information. It is also important to acknowledge that any inaccuracies in the DEM will lead to inaccuracies in the flooding estimates.

Flood depth is provided in centimeters above the 2005 mean higher high water (MHHW) tide level.

It is essential to emphasize that the passive flooding model used to produce this data layer does not include the effects of waves on flooding. As a result, the extent and impacts of future flooding under high-wave conditions are not represented, which should be accounted for in planning efforts. In addition, the DEM is assumed to be unchanged as sea level rises, but in fact there will be erosion and changes in the shape of the land surface, and continued subsidence. This also must be considered, and it is best practice to consider any flooding extent or depth represented in this data layer as a best-case scenario, with the effects of dynamic shoreline processes leading to greater flood extent and depth than presented.

Tags: american samoa, atmospheric/ocean indicators, aunuu, climate indicators, coastal processes, earth science, environmental impacts, floods, human dimensions, inundation, manua, natural hazards, ocean, oceans, ofu, olosega, pacific islands ocean observing system, pacific ocean, pacioos, polynesia, rose atoll, sea level rise, south pacific ocean, swains, tau, tutuila
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Coral Favorability: Overall Environmental Conditions: Present - Guam

The overall condition of the environment is a combination of managed and non-managed factors. While it is difficult for managers to prevent coral bleaching events, reefs experiencing fewer stressors may recover more quickly than reefs that were highly stressed at the time of bleaching. The scores for managed (see layer "gu_usgs_all_coralscore_mgt") and non-managed conditions (see layer "gu_usgs_all_coralscore_nonmgt") were averaged to produce an overall environmental favorability score. This layer represents a relative score for how favorable overall conditions are for coral growth and survival from a scale of 0 (worst) to 1 (best) in the present climate scenario. These data are provided for the island of Guam as a raster with a resolution of 1500 m.

Tags: aquatic ecosystems, biosphere, coastal areas, coastal processes, conservation, coral reef, coral reef assessment, coral reefs, earth science, ecosystems, environmental governance/management, environmental impacts, environmental sustainability, guam, human dimensions, human settlements, marine ecosystems, micronesia, ocean, oceans, pacific islands ocean observing system, pacific ocean, pacioos, reef, reef habitat, sustainability, western pacific ocean
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Sea Level Rise: American Samoa: High-Tide Flooding: 2100 Intermediate-High Scenario

This high-tide flooding layer provides a prediction of future sea level rise (SLR) inundation and was produced using a passive flooding model, often referred to as a "bathtub" model. It provides an assessment of flooded areas according to a specific water level. These water levels are determined using projections from the U.S. Interagency Task Force (ITF) (Sweet et al., 2022) in combination with land subsidence projections modeled by Han et al. (2019). The latter is included only for Tutuila, Aunuu, and Manua Islands (Ofu, Olosega, and Tau). In contrast, SLR projections for Swains Island and Rose Atoll only include the climate-related processes (ITF). The projections are modeled following both scenarios and time. The five scenarios range from low to high depending on the amount of greenhouse gases emissions, while time is divided by decade from 2030 to 2100.

We apply this model to the 2022 National Geodetic Survey (NGS) lidar DEM for American Samoa with 1-meter resolution. The DEM was leveled from NAD83 (PA11) to mean sea level at 0 m (MSL=0) in 2005. The adjustment of the DEM may lead to inaccuracies due to the lack of historic information. It is also important to acknowledge that any inaccuracies in the DEM will lead to inaccuracies in the flooding estimates.

In the 2100 intermediate-high scenario represented here, the modeled water level is 194 cm (157 cm for Rose and Swains). In this scenario, world-wide society continues to increase emissions rate. Tipping points, i.e. large and sudden changes, are triggered; ice loss increases rapidly but is not catastrophic. It is recommended using this scenario for planning construction of infrastructure with medium-to-high critical use and longer lifespans, such as a new government office.

Flood depth is provided in centimeters above the 2005 mean higher high water (MHHW) tide level.

It is essential to emphasize that the passive flooding model used to produce this data layer does not include the effects of waves on flooding. As a result, the extent and impacts of future flooding under high-wave conditions are not represented, which should be accounted for in planning efforts. In addition, the DEM is assumed to be unchanged as sea level rises, but in fact there will be erosion and changes in the shape of the land surface, and continued subsidence. This also must be considered, and it is best practice to consider any flooding extent or depth represented in this data layer as a best-case scenario, with the effects of dynamic shoreline processes leading to greater flood extent and depth than presented.

Tags: american samoa, atmospheric/ocean indicators, aunuu, climate indicators, coastal processes, earth science, environmental impacts, floods, human dimensions, inundation, manua, natural hazards, ocean, oceans, ofu, olosega, pacific islands ocean observing system, pacific ocean, pacioos, polynesia, rose atoll, sea level rise, south pacific ocean, swains, tau, tutuila
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
ALOHA Cabled Observatory (ACO): Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR): Real-Time

The University of Hawaii's ALOHA ("A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment") Cabled Observatory (ACO) is located 100 km north of the island of Oahu, Hawaii (22 45'N, 158W) in the North Pacific Ocean. It provides real-time oceanographic observations from a depth of about 4,800 m via a submarine fiber optic cable that comes ashore at Makaha on Oahu. This data set provides the most recent 48 hours of measurements of ocean pressure at the ACO from a Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR).

Tags: bottom pressure gauges, central pacific ocean, continent, depth, earth science, gauges, hawaii, hawaiian islands, in situ ocean-based platforms, in situ/laboratory instruments, latitude, longitude, north america, oahu, ocean, ocean platform/ocean stations, ocean pressure, oceans, pacific islands ocean observing system, pacific ocean, pacioos, sea_water_pressure, time, united states of america, water pressure
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Wave Power Long-term Mean, 2002-2012 - American Samoa

Wave power is a major environmental forcing mechanism that influences a number of marine ecosystem processes including coral reef community development, structure, and persistence. By driving mixing of the upper water column, wave forcing can also play a role in nutrient availability and ocean temperature reduction during warming events. Wave forcing can be highly seasonal, with winter months typically experiencing far greater wave power than that experienced during the summer months. This layer represents the mean of maximum daily wave power (kW/m) from 2002-2012.

In the absence of numerical wave model and wave forcing observational site-level data at the desired spatial resolution, a wave exposure proxy, developed by S. Jeanette Clark, is used to examine wave exposure. Wave energy estimates were derived at 1-km resolution utilizing NOAA WaveWatch III (WW3) global 0.5-deg wave model data and coastline analysis of wave exposure. This is achieved by: 1) Determining the incident wave swath for a specific site at an island using a 360-degree radial plot and degree-bin elimination based on a swath's intersection with land or relevant bathymetric contour. 2) Selecting the closest WW3 pixel and extracting the time series for significant wave height, peak period, and peak direction. 3) Calculating wave power (kW/m) with significant wave height and peak period using the following equation:

Ef = pg / 64pi * Hs^2 * Tp / 1000

where p is the density of sea water (1024 kg m-3), g is the acceleration of gravity (9.8 m s-2), Hs is the offshore significant wave height, and Tp is the dominant wave period (1/wavelength). 4) Lastly, annual wave power data are filtered and organized into respective degree bins based on peak direction and summed to give a wave power estimate at each site. The wave power metric calculated here is based on offshore wave height and does not account for variation with depth.

Tags: american samoa, aquatic ecosystems, biosphere, coastal areas, coastal processes, coral reef, coral reefs, earth science, ecosystems, human dimensions, human settlements, manua, marine ecosystems, ocean, ocean waves, oceans, ofu, olosega, pacific islands ocean observing system, pacific ocean, pacioos, polynesia, reef, reef habitat, rose atoll, south pacific ocean, swains, tau, tutuila, wave power
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Channel Exclusion - Swains, American Samoa

The boundaries of the National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa exclude these two channels at Swains Island to provide access to the island.

Tags: administrative divisions, american samoa, boundaries, conservation, earth science, environmental governance/management, environmental impacts, human dimensions, infrastructure, ocean, pacific islands ocean observing system, pacific ocean, pacioos, polynesia, south pacific ocean, swains, transportation
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Sea Level Rise: American Samoa: High-Tide Flooding: 2-Ft Scenario

This high-tide flooding layer provides a prediction of future sea level rise (SLR) inundation and was produced using a passive flooding model, often referred to as a "bathtub" model. It provides an assessment of flooded areas according to a specific water level. As an alternative to the SLR scenarios in other data layers that we provide, our project also provides the ability to select specific amounts of SLR in increments of one foot, independent of any particular scenario. This information can be used if guidance for a project requires planning for a specific amount of SLR rather than a time horizon. The present layer models a sea level rise of 2 feet (61 cm).

We apply this model to the 2022 National Geodetic Survey (NGS) lidar DEM for American Samoa with 1-meter resolution. The DEM was leveled from NAD83 (PA11) to mean sea level at 0 m (MSL=0) in 2005. The adjustment of the DEM may lead to inaccuracies due to the lack of historic information. It is also important to acknowledge that any inaccuracies in the DEM will lead to inaccuracies in the flooding estimates.

Flood depth is provided in centimeters above the 2005 mean higher high water (MHHW) tide level.

It is essential to emphasize that the passive flooding model used to produce this data layer does not include the effects of waves on flooding. As a result, the extent and impacts of future flooding under high-wave conditions are not represented, which should be accounted for in planning efforts. In addition, the DEM is assumed to be unchanged as sea level rises, but in fact there will be erosion and changes in the shape of the land surface, and continued subsidence. This also must be considered, and it is best practice to consider any flooding extent or depth represented in this data layer as a best-case scenario, with the effects of dynamic shoreline processes leading to greater flood extent and depth than presented.

Tags: american samoa, atmospheric/ocean indicators, aunuu, climate indicators, coastal processes, earth science, environmental impacts, floods, human dimensions, inundation, manua, natural hazards, ocean, oceans, ofu, olosega, pacific islands ocean observing system, pacific ocean, pacioos, polynesia, rose atoll, sea level rise, south pacific ocean, swains, tau, tutuila
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Territorial Sea - U.S.-Affiliated Pacifc Islands

These boundaries represent the territorial sea for U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands, including Hawaii, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, as well as the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands of Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island.

Territorial waters, or a territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most twelve nautical miles (12 nmi) from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state. The territorial sea is regarded as the sovereign territory of the state, although foreign ships are allowed innocent passage through it; this sovereignty also extends to the airspace over and seabed below.

Tags: american samoa, baker island, boundaries, central pacific ocean, commonwealth of the northern mariana islands (cnmi), continent, country boundaries, earth science, geographic region, guam, hawaii, hawaiian islands, howland island, human dimensions, jarvis island, johnston atoll, kingman reef, micronesia, north america, northern mariana islands, ocean, oceania, pacific islands ocean observing system, pacific ocean, pacioos, palmyra atoll, political divisions, polynesia, south pacific ocean, united states of america, wake island, western pacific ocean
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Sea Level Rise: American Samoa: High-Tide Flooding: 2070 Intermediate-High Scenario

This high-tide flooding layer provides a prediction of future sea level rise (SLR) inundation and was produced using a passive flooding model, often referred to as a "bathtub" model. It provides an assessment of flooded areas according to a specific water level. These water levels are determined using projections from the U.S. Interagency Task Force (ITF) (Sweet et al., 2022) in combination with land subsidence projections modeled by Han et al. (2019). The latter is included only for Tutuila, Aunuu, and Manua Islands (Ofu, Olosega, and Tau). In contrast, SLR projections for Swains Island and Rose Atoll only include the climate-related processes (ITF). The projections are modeled following both scenarios and time. The five scenarios range from low to high depending on the amount of greenhouse gases emissions, while time is divided by decade from 2030 to 2100.

We apply this model to the 2022 National Geodetic Survey (NGS) lidar DEM for American Samoa with 1-meter resolution. The DEM was leveled from NAD83 (PA11) to mean sea level at 0 m (MSL=0) in 2005. The adjustment of the DEM may lead to inaccuracies due to the lack of historic information. It is also important to acknowledge that any inaccuracies in the DEM will lead to inaccuracies in the flooding estimates.

In the 2070 intermediate-high scenario represented here, the modeled water level is 104 cm (69 cm for Rose and Swains). In this scenario, world-wide society continues to increase emissions rate. Tipping points, i.e. large and sudden changes, are triggered; ice loss increases rapidly but is not catastrophic. It is recommended using this scenario for planning construction of infrastructure with medium-to-high critical use and longer lifespans, such as a new government office.

Flood depth is provided in centimeters above the 2005 mean higher high water (MHHW) tide level.

It is essential to emphasize that the passive flooding model used to produce this data layer does not include the effects of waves on flooding. As a result, the extent and impacts of future flooding under high-wave conditions are not represented, which should be accounted for in planning efforts. In addition, the DEM is assumed to be unchanged as sea level rises, but in fact there will be erosion and changes in the shape of the land surface, and continued subsidence. This also must be considered, and it is best practice to consider any flooding extent or depth represented in this data layer as a best-case scenario, with the effects of dynamic shoreline processes leading to greater flood extent and depth than presented.

Tags: american samoa, atmospheric/ocean indicators, aunuu, climate indicators, coastal processes, earth science, environmental impacts, floods, human dimensions, inundation, manua, natural hazards, ocean, oceans, ofu, olosega, pacific islands ocean observing system, pacific ocean, pacioos, polynesia, rose atoll, sea level rise, south pacific ocean, swains, tau, tutuila
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce