AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
LANDFIRE 2022 Existing Vegetation Type (EVT) CONUS

LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 update (LF 2022) Existing Vegetation Type (EVT) represents the current distribution of the terrestrial ecological systems classification developed by NatureServe for the western hemisphere. In this context, a terrestrial ecological system is defined as a group of plant community types that tend to co-occur within landscapes with similar ecological processes, substrates, and/or environmental gradients. EVT also includes ruderal or semi-natural vegetation types within the U.S. National Vegetation Classification [(NVC) https://usnvc.org/]. See the EVT product page (https://www.landfire.gov/evt.php) for more information about ecological systems and NVC classifications.  
EVT is mapped using decision tree models, field data, Landsat imagery, topography, and biophysical gradient data. Decision tree models are developed separately for tree, shrub, and herbaceous lifeforms which are then used to produce a lifeform specific EVT product. These models are generated for each Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Level III Ecoregion (https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/ecoregions). Riparian, alpine, sparse, and other site-specific EVTs are constrained by predetermined masks. Urban and developed areas are derived from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and the latest Microsoft Building Footprint dataset. Agricultural lands originate from the 2022 Cropland Data Layer (CDL) and the 2019 California Statewide Crop Mapping layer. Burnable developed classes are identified from building footprint dataset thresholds. LF 2022 retains circa 2016 EVT labels except where shifts in urban, agriculture, and developed classes occur. While Existing Vegetation Cover (EVC) and Height (EVH) are updated using transition rulesets with ST-Sim to account for disturbances, EVT remains unchanged, therefore EVT lifeform is not synchronized to the EVC/EVH lifeform as in some previous versions. LF uses EVT as an input for LF 2022 Fuel Vegetation Type (FVT).

Tags: biota, conterminous-united-states, continental-u-s, conus, evt, existing-vegetation-type, fires, geographic-information-systems, geospatial-datasets, hazard-preparedness, image-collections, imagerybasemapsearthcover, landfire-2022, lf-2022, raster-digital-data, remote-sensing, u-s-forest-service-usfs, u-s-geological-survey-usgs, united-states, us, usgs-64f24445d34e095955171a56
Organization: Department of the Interior
LANDFIRE 2022 Existing Vegetation Height (EVH) CONUS

LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 update (LF 2022) Existing Vegetation Height (EVH) represents the average height of the dominant vegetation for a 30-m cell. EVH is produced separately for tree, shrub, and herbaceous lifeforms using training data depicting the weighted average height by species cover and Existing Vegetation Type (EVT) lifeform. Decision tree models using field reference data, lidar, and Landsat are developed separately for each lifeform, then lifeform specific height class layers are merged along with land cover into a single EVH product based on the dominant lifeform of each pixel. EVH ranges are continuous for the herbaceous lifeform category ranging from 0.1 to 1 meter with decimeter increments, 0.1 to 3 meters for shrub lifeform, and 1 to 99 meters for tree lifeform. If the height values of each lifeform exceed the continuous value range, they are binned into the appropriate maximum height class. EVH is then reconciled through QA/QC measures to ensure lifeform is synchronized with Existing Vegetation Cover (EVC). Urban and developed areas are derived from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and the latest available Microsoft Building Footprint dataset. Agricultural lands originate from the 2022 Cropland Data Layer (CDL) and the 2019 California Statewide Crop Mapping layer. Disturbance events after 2016 are accounted for by incorporating transition rulesets using LF 2022 Fuel Disturbance (FDist). LF uses EVH as an input for LF 2022 Fuel Vegetation Height (FVH).

Tags: biota, conterminous-united-states, continental-u-s, conus, evh, existing-vegetation-height, fires, geographic-information-systems, geospatial-datasets, hazard-preparedness, image-collections, imagerybasemapsearthcover, landfire-2022, lf-2022, raster-digital-data, remote-sensing, u-s-forest-service-usfs, u-s-geological-survey-usgs, united-states, us, usgs-64f2430cd34e095955171a25
Organization: Department of the Interior
LANDFIRE 2022 Existing Vegetation Cover (EVC) CONUS

LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 update (LF 2022) Existing Vegetation Cover (EVC) represents the vertically projected percent cover of the live canopy for a 30-m cell. EVC is produced separately for tree, shrub, and herbaceous lifeforms. Training data depicting percentages of canopy cover are obtained from plot-level ground-based visual assessments and lidar observations. These are combined with Landsat imagery (from multiple seasons), to inform models built independently for each lifeform. Tree, shrub, and herbaceous lifeforms each have a potential range from 10% to 100% (cover values less than 10% are binned into the 10% value). The three independent lifeform datasets are merged into a single product based on the dominant lifeform of each pixel. The EVC product is then reconciled through QA/QC measures to ensure lifeform is synchronized with Existing Vegetation Height (EVH). Urban and developed areas are derived from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and the latest available Microsoft Building Footprint dataset. Agricultural lands originate from the 2022 Cropland Data Layer (CDL) and the 2019 California Statewide Crop Mapping layer. Disturbance events after 2016 are accounted for by incorporating transition rulesets using LF 2022 Fuel Disturbance (FDist). LF uses EVC as an input for LF 2022 Fuel Vegetation Cover (FVC).

Tags: biota, conterminous-united-states, continental-u-s, conus, evc, existing-vegetation-cover, fires, geographic-information-systems, geospatial-datasets, hazard-preparedness, image-collections, imagerybasemapsearthcover, landfire-2022, lf-2022, raster-digital-data, remote-sensing, u-s-forest-service-usfs, u-s-geological-survey-usgs, united-states, us, usgs-64f24184d34e095955171a03
Organization: Department of the Interior
Post-release survival of translocated Eleutherodactylus coqui in Puerto Rico

Translocating individuals of Eleutherodactylus frogs to alternative, suitable habitat is an adaptation strategy designed to minimize the impact of projected warming and drying in Puerto Rico. The action increases species persistence by increasing spatial redundancy, but it could also be used to supplement extant populations. We released 34 Eleutherodactylus coqui to determine initial, post-release survival under two treatments – non-translocated (N = 14), and translocated (N=20) to a different location 0.8 km away, but sharing similar habitat and environmental conditions. We defined “initial” as the first 17 days post-release, a period where we hypothesized that translocated individuals would have lower survival rates because they transition from known-familiar habitat to novel-unfamiliar habitat. Daily survival rates (DSR) were better explained by a model with constant survival and no treatment effect (DSR = 0.999 ± 0.001). The best supported model (AICc ≤ 2) indicated that temperature where frogs perched when captured (in-situ), negatively influenced daily survival, but the effect was weak (95%CIs overlapped 0). All but one of the frogs recaptured gained weight after 17 days post-release (average gain = 0.28 ± 0.13 g), suggesting that transmitter/harness setup did not affect foraging behavior. The average daily distance travelled per individual was 0.76 ± 0.22 m, being significantly higher for translocated individuals (1.19 ± 0.35 m). Findings suggested that managed translocations have the potential to become a useful conservation tool, but challenges remain before it can be considered an integral part of post-translocation monitoring, particularly those Eleutherodactylus species with lower body mass.

Tags: adaptation-strategy, biota, climate-change, coqui, eleutherodactylus, managed-translocations, puerto-rico, survival, telemetry, usgs-64f22de0d34e09595517191e, west-central-puerto-rico
Organization: Department of the Interior
SEM-CL investigation of sedimentary organic matter samples

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) visualization of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) is widely utilized in the geosciences for evaluation of microscale rock properties relevant to depositional environment, diagenesis, and the processes of fluid generation, transport, and storage. However, despite thousands of studies which have incorporated SEM approaches, the inability of SEM to differentiate SOM types has hampered the pace of scientific advancement. In this study, we show that SEM-cathodoluminescence (CL) properties can be used to identify and characterize SOM at low thermal maturity conditions. Eleven varied mudstone samples with a broad array of SOM types, ranging from the Paleoproterozoic to Eocene in age, were investigated. SOM fluorescence intensity and CL intensity showed an almost one-to-one correspondence, with certain exceptions in three samples potentially related to radiolytic alteration. Therefore, because CL emission can be used as a proxy for fluorescence emission from SOM, CL emission during SEM visualization can be used to differentiate fluorescent from non-fluorescent SOM. This result will allow CL to be used in SEM-based studies as a visual means to quickly differentiate SOM types without employing correlative optical microscopy and could be widely and rapidly adapted for SEM-based studies in the geosciences.

Tags: australia, china, energy-resources, fluorescence-emission-intensity, mudstone, pakistan, scanning-electron-microscope, sedimentary-organic-matter, united-kingdom, united-states, usgs-64cbc080d34e2d58db2fa414
Organization: Department of the Interior
Photogrammetry-derived digital elevation models and source images for an inactive perched lava lake formed at Pu'u'o'o (Kilauea) in 2014

Lava flow hazards are usually thought to end when the erupting vent becomes inactive, but this is not always the case. At Kilauea in August 2014, a spiny 'a'a flow erupted from the levee of a crusted perched lava lake that had been inactive for a month, and the surface of the lava lake subsided as the flow advanced downslope over the following few days. Topography constructed from oblique aerial photographs using structure-from-motion (SfM) software shows that the volume of the flow (~68,000 m3) closely matches the volume of subsidence of the crusted lava lake (~64,000 m3). The similarity of these volumes, along with the textural characteristics of the lava, shows that the lava that fed the flow had been stored beneath the surface of the perched lava lake, and that the flow was not generated by reactivation of the vent. This extends the duration of the local lava flow hazard presented by perched lava lakes and similar flow field structures that store lava, such as rootless shields.

Tags: basalt, east-rift-zone, hawaii, holocene, kil_2020-pres_summit, klauea, lava-flow, mafic-volcanic-rock, pacific, pacific-islands, puu, quaternary, united-states, usgs-64f21711d34e0959551717e0, volcanic-activity, volcanic-rock, volcanic-rocks
Organization: Department of the Interior
Turbidity and Suspended Sediment Concentration Data from a Laboratory Mixing Tank Experiment 2023

Four dams on the Klamath River that created Iron Gate Reservoir and Copco Lake in Siskiyou County, California, and John C. Boyle Reservoir, in Klamath County, Oregon, are scheduled for removal in early 2024. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) will deploy high-range turbidity sensors to compute continuous suspended sediment concentration (SSC) before, during, and following the scheduled dam removals. SSCs in the Klamath River are expected to be extreme during the dam removal process because of mobilization of fine-grained sediments that settled in the upstream reservoirs. Extreme SSC values are unlikely to occur unless during an extreme event, and are difficult to predict. Therefore, the USGS did controlled laboratory experiments to simulate extreme SSC values to establish the upper limits of the turbidity-SSC rating being developed to estimate SSC and transport along the Klamath River during and after dam removals. The experiments used multiple field -deployed Observator Analite NEP-5000-180 backscattering turbidity sensors in custom observing ranges up to 10,000 SDVB (styrene divinylbenzene beads) Backscatter Units (SBU), a Sequoia Scientific LISST-ABS acoustic backscattering SSC sensor with an upper observing limit of 30 g/L, and a YSI EXO2 with turbidity probe with an upper observing limit of 4,000 Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU). Prior to the full-scale tank experiments, four experiments were done using bench-top equipment to test the effect of deionized water, tap water, and native water on the turbidity-SSC relation. Four experiments were done using a domed-bottom mixing tank with a range of SSC values from 0 milligrams per Liter (mg/L) up to 29129 mg/L.

Tags: inlandwaters, laboratory-experiments, lower-klamath, surface-water-quality, suspended-material-water, turbidity, upper-klamath, usgs-64f0f72dd34efb959f41b124, utilitiescommunication
Organization: Department of the Interior
Wetland vegetation and elevation survey within the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, Jacksonville, Florida, 2021–2022

Vegetation and elevation data were collected using a real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK GPS) in coastal wetlands at the National Park Service’s Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in summer 2021 and winter 2022 (n = 362). For each 0.5-by-0.5 m plot, the following data were collected: 1) percent cover by vegetation species; 2) percent cover by vegetation classes based on height (that is, carpet, herbaceous, and woody); 3) mean height of the dominant species; 4) water depth; 5) marsh class based on dominant vegetation species; and 6) location and elevation (that is, northing, easting, and elevation).

Tags: biota, coastal-ecosystems, duval, elevation, environment, florida, geoscientificinformation, nassau, south-atlantic, timucuan-ecological-and-historic-preserve, united-states, usgs-64f0f2c1d34efb959f41b119, wetland-ecosystems
Organization: Department of the Interior
Data from Assessing the added value of antecedent streamflow alteration in modelling stream condition

The dataset contains long-term and short-term summaries of streamflow alteration and measures of biological condition (fish multi-metric index). Streamflow alteration metrics include the magnitude, duration, frequency, and seasonality of high and low flow streamflow. Biological condition was estimated from the National Rivers and Streams Assessment and National Water Quality Assessment fish sampling programs. Using fish samples, a fish multi-metric index was calculated and categorized into altered versus non-altered fish communities.

Tags: biota, fish, hydrology, river-systems, united-states, usgs-64f0ca0bd34efb959f41ac45
Organization: Department of the Interior
Imagery, photogrammetry, and meteorological data from December 2021 to December 2022, Grand Falls Dune Field, Arizona

Grand Falls dune field (GFDF) is located on the Navajo Nation, ~70 km NE of Flagstaff, AZ. This active dune field displays a range of morphologies, including barchans, smaller dunes, and ripples, and is bimodal in composition. The felsic component is likely derived from the Little Colorado River, and the mafic component (basaltic grains) is locally sourced from nearby cinder cones [1]. GFDF is an excellent analog site for both active dunes on Mars and other planetary bodies that have dune-like features (e.g., Venus and Titan). 
We have set up a meteorological station within the dune field that records temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, wind direction, wind speed, solar radiation, and precipitation every 15 minutes during the windy season and every hour during the calmer months. 
Nine BlazeVideo cameras have been set up near the meteorological station, surrounding an active ripple field to capture ripple migration. Images are taken at a set time to record sand movement. Ripples are also imaged using a NIKON D250 camera, in which data is then processed using the software Agisoft Metashope Professional to create digital elevation models of the ripple field.
Data presented here span from December 2021 to December 2022.  
[1] Hayward, R. K. et al. (2010) 2nd Int. Plan. Dunes Wrkshp., Abstract #2004.

Tags: arizona, atmospheric-and-climatic-processes, atmospheric-properties, climatologymeteorologyatmosphere, digital-elevation-models, dunes, field-inventory-and-monitoring, geoscientificinformation, grand-falls, navajo-indian-reservation, usgs-64f0c7ccd34efb959f41ac3e
Organization: Department of the Interior
Water and gas chemistry; Klamath Falls, Oregon; 1983: Benson et al., 1984

Water and gas chemistry data from:
Benson, S.M., Janik, C.J., Long, D.C., Solbau, R.D. and Lienau, P.J., 1984. Data from pumping and injection tests and chemical sampling in the geothermal aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 84-146, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84146.
Water chemistry data was digitized for 18 samples. Reported attributes include:
Sample name, Type, Collection date, Reported location, State, County, Latitude, Longitude, Location resolution, Well depth, Temperature, pH (field), pH (lab), Aluminum (Al), Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Fluoride (F), Bicarbonate (HCO3), Mercury (Hg), Potassium (K), Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Silica (SiO2), Sulfate (SO4), Reported cations, Reported anions, Cations, Anions, Salinity, Delta 2H, Delta 18O (H2O), Delta 18O (SO4), Tritium (3H), Digitizer comment.
Gas chemistry data was digitized for 18 samples. Reported attributes include:
Sample name, Type, Collection date, Reported location, State, County, Latitude, Longitude, Location resolution, Temperature, Dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2 dissolved), Isotopic composition of carbon in carbon dioxide (Delta 13C CO2).
Data was digitized from Tables 4, 5, and 6. The following tables were not digitized:
Table 1 (2-1): data from a seven-week aquifer (pumping) and re-injection test.
Table 2 (2-2): roughly 24 hours of pressure-falloff data beginning immediately after the aquifer test pumping stopped (i.e., shut in).
Table 3 (2-3): physical data from wells monitored for the aquifer test.
Table 7 (5-1): monthly mean air temperatures and estimated average monthly thermal discharge calculated from air temperature.

Tags: aquifer-hydrology, geologic-energy-storage, geoscientificinformation, geothermal-resources, inlandwaters, klamath-falls, oregon, usgs-64cc26dcd34e2d58db2fa9b4
Organization: Department of the Interior
Landslides triggered by the February 2019 atmospheric river storm, western Riverside County, California, USA

On February 14th, 2019, a strong atmospheric river storm (AR4 on the Atmospheric River scale of Ralph et al., 2019) struck California. The heavy rainfall caused landslides in both northern and southern California (Hatchett et al., 2020). This data release includes two subsets of mapped shallow landslide source locations in the vicinity of western Riverside County, California, where sufficient post-event imagery was available within Google Earth (image date:  August 15, 2019).
The data release includes:
1)  .csv files containing the point locations of shallow hillslope landslides,
2)  .zip files containing shapfiles (.shp) of the mapped study areas.
Ralph, F., Rutz, J. J., Cordeira, J. M., Dettinger, M., Anderson, M., Reynolds, D., et al. (2019). A Scale to Characterize the Strength and Impacts of Atmospheric Rivers. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100(2), 269–289.
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0023.1
Hatchett, B. J., Cao, Q., Dawson, P. B., Ellis, C. J., Hecht, C. W., Kawzenuk, B., et al. (2020). Observations of an Extreme Atmospheric River Storm With a Diverse Sensor Network. Earth and Space Science, 7(8), e2020EA001129.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001129
The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Tags: bee-canyon, california, climatologymeteorologyatmosphere, debris-flow, geomorphology, geoscientificinformation, landslide-inventory, landslides, riverside-county, united-states, usgs-64efd309d34e5dd5e01112af
Organization: Department of the Interior
Landslides triggered by the January 10th, 2005 storm in the vicinity of La Conchita, Ventura County, California, USA

The area surrounding La Conchita, California (CA), USA experienced significant landslides and debris flows following a storm on January 10th, 2005, including a deadly deep-seated landslide that destroyed 13 houses and caused 10 fatalities (Jibson, 2005). This data release documents the locations of shallow landslide source locations in the vicinity of the deadly 2005 La Conchita landslide. Landslide locations were mapped as points using post-event imagery available in Google Earth.  
The data release includes:
1) .csv file containing the point locations of shallow hillslope landslides,
2) .zip file containing shapefile (.shp) of the mapped study area.
Jibson, R. W. (2006). The 2005 La Conchita, California, landslide. Landslides, 3(1), 73–78.
https://doi.org/10.1007/S10346-005-0011-2/FIGURES/10
The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Tags: california, debris-flow, geomorphology, geoscientificinformation, la-conchita, landslide-inventory, landslides, united-states, usgs-64efd1f9d34e5dd5e01112a8, ventura-county
Organization: Department of the Interior
Great Lakes Restoration Initiative's Terrestrial Habitats &amp; Connectivity Work Group's Pilot Area's Post-Fiscal Year 2022 Forest Habitat Connectivity

This dataset is the third installment of a yearly connectivity update for forested habitat within the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative's (GLRI) Terrestrial Habitats &amp; Connectivity (TH&amp;C) work group's Pilot Area. The Pilot Area is a region of the northern Great Lakes Basin between Ashland, WI and the Keweenaw Peninsula and is bounded by Lake Superior in the north and the basin boundary in the south, including a 70 km buffer. Each year the TH&amp;C selects project proposals for funding within the pilot area. These proposals involve either restoration, research, or land acquisition aimed at improving or increasing forest connectivity in this area. The intended purpose of each year’s update is to understand the effects of funded projects on the ground work and help inform the location and purpose of future projects proposals. These post-fiscal year 2022 forest connectivity maps serve as a second time step for comparison from each future fiscal year through FY25.  
To create the post FY22 installment of GLRI's Terrestrial Habitats &amp; Connectivity work group's pilot area yearly connectivity maps, we identified the geospatial locations where restoration work benefitting forested habitats was completed throughout FY22. These locations were then assigned the lowest resistance value. Then using the forest habitat resistance layer from Great Lakes Restoration Initiative's Terrestrial Habitats and Connectivity Work group's Pilot Area's post-fiscal year 2021 we overwrote the post FY21 resistance values with the resistance values assigned to the FY22 locations where work was done. This analysis produced two connectivity maps: a cumulative current map and a normalized current map. The cumulative current map shows where potential movement pathways between forests are located within the pilot area, while the normalized current map shows where obstructed movement, diffuse movement, and channelized movement occurs within the pilot area. These maps provide important information on how restoration efforts from both FY21 and FY22 in the pilot area are affecting forest habitat connectivity.

Tags: biota, connectivity, dispersal-organisms, environment, forest-habitat, habitat-fragmentation, imagerybasemapsearthcover, structure, usgs-64efac9ad34e4b6d8ab731f3
Organization: Department of the Interior