AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Variations in Criminal Patterns Among Narcotic Addicts in Baltimore and New York City, 1983-1984

This data collection was undertaken to develop a typology
of narcotic addicts according to the kind, frequency, and seriousness
of their crimes and to identify the most serious criminal offenders,
thereby determining which individuals were best suited to
rehabilitation. The following questions are addressed by the data: (1)
What "types" of narcotic addicts can be distinguished in terms of
their criminal behavior? Which of these types are amenable to
rehabilitation? (2) At what time during their addiction careers do
addicts commit the most crime? Do narcotic addicts "mature" out of
addiction? (3) What is the relationship between individuals'
involvement in crime prior to addiction and their criminal activity
and drug use over their addiction career? (4) Which demographic,
personality, or other factors are associated with serious crime
committed during periods of narcotic addiction? (5) What are the
contributions of situational and dispositional factors to the
relationship between addiction and crime? Part 1 of the collection
details the subjects' addiction careers, the age they first used
various drugs, the age they first became addicted to narcotics, the
amount of time they were addicted/not addicted to narcotics, and the
total length of their addiction careers. Part 2 contains variables
generated by cluster analysis, including cluster assignment or "type."
Part 3 includes the educational, occupational, and arrest histories of
the subjects, as well as the drug use and arrest histories of their
families. The Part 4 file consists of Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory and Raven Progressive Matrix scores. The
frequency and types of crime that subjects committed during the
preaddiction period comprise Part 5, while the frequency and nature of
drug use during the preaddiction period comprise Part 6. Parts 7 and 8
contain crime variables and drug use variables, respectively, across
all nonaddiction periods. Finally, Part 9 contains data characterizing
crime across all addiction periods, and Part 10 contains variables
regarding drug use across total addiction periods.

Tags: addiction, controlled-drugs, crime-patterns, criminality-prediction, demographic-characteristics, drug-dependence, drug-treatment, personality, rehabilitation
Organization: Department of Justice
Drugs, Alcohol, and Student Crime in the United States, April-May 1989

This project examined different aspects of campus crime --
 specifically, the prevalence of crimes among college students, whether
 the crime rate was increasing or decreasing on college campuses, and
 the factors related to campus crime. Researchers made the assumption
 that crimes committed by and against college students were likely to
 be related to drug and alcohol use. Specific questions designed to be
 answered by the data include: (1) Do students who commit crimes differ
 in their use of drugs and alcohol from students who do not commit
 crimes? (2) Do students who are victims of crimes differ in their use
 of drugs and alcohol from students who are not victims? (3) How do
 multiple offenders differ from single offenders in their use of drugs
 and alcohol? (4) How do victims of violent crimes differ from victims
 of nonviolent crimes in their use of drugs and alcohol? (5) What types
 of student crimes are more strongly related to drug or alcohol use
 than others? (6) Other than drug and alcohol use, in what ways can
 victims and perpetrators of crimes be differentiated from students who
 have had no direct experiences with crime? Variables include basic
 demographic information, academic information, drug use information,
and experiences with crime since becoming a student.

Tags: alcohol-abuse, campus-crime, college-students, colleges, drug-abuse, drug-use, universities
Organization: Department of Justice
Domestic Violence Experience in Omaha, Nebraska, 1986-1987

The purpose of this data collection was to corroborate the
 findings of SPECIFIC DETERRENT EFFECTS OF ARREST FOR DOMESTIC ASSAULT:
 MINNEAPOLIS, 1981-1982 (ICPSR 8250) that arrest is an effective
 deterrent against continued domestic assaults. The data addressed the
 following questions: (1) To what extent does arrest decrease the
 likelihood of continued violence, as assessed by the victim? (2) To
 what extent does arrest decrease the likelihood of continued
 complaints of crime, as assessed by police records? (3) What are the
 differences in arrest recidivism between cases that involved arrest
 versus cases that involved mediation, separation, warrant issued, or
 no warrant issued? Domestic violence cases in three sectors of Omaha,
 Nebraska, meeting established eligibility criteria, were assigned to
 one of five experimental treatments: mediation, separation, arrest,
 warrant issued, or no warrant issued. Data for victim reports were
 collected from three interviews with the victims conducted one week,
 six months, and 12 months after the domestic violence incident.
 Arrest, charge, and complaint data were collected on the suspects at
 six- and twelve-month intervals following the original domestic
 violence incident. The investigators used arrest recidivism, continued
 complaints of crime, and victim reports of repeated violence (fear of
 injury, pushing/hitting, and physical injury) as outcome measures to
 assess the extent to which treatments prevented subsequent conflicts.
 Other variables include victim's level of fear, self-esteem, locus of
 control, and welfare dependency, changes in the relationship between
 suspect and victim, extent of the victim's injury, and extent of drug
 use by the victim and the suspect. Demographic variables include
race, age, sex, income, occupational status, and marital status.

Tags: arrests, crime-reporting, deterrence, domestic-assault, domestic-violence, recidivism, treatment, victims
Organization: Department of Justice
Child Abuse, Neglect, and Violent Criminal Behavior in a Midwest Metropolitan Area of the United States, 1967-1988

These data examine the relationships between childhood abuse 
 and/or neglect and later criminal and violent criminal behavior. In 
 particular, the data focus on whether being a victim of violence and/or 
 neglect in early childhood leads to being a criminal offender in 
 adolescence or early adulthood and whether a relationship exists 
 between childhood abuse or neglect and arrests as a juvenile, arrests 
 as an adult, and arrests for violent offenses. For this data 
 collection, adult and juvenile criminal histories of sampled cases with 
 backgrounds of abuse or neglect were compared to those of a matched 
 control group with no official record of abuse or neglect. Variables 
 contained in Part 1 include demographic information (age, race, sex, 
 and date of birth). In Part 2, information is presented on the 
 abuse/neglect incident (type of abuse or neglect, duration of the 
 incident, whether the child was removed from the home and, if so, for 
 how long, results of the placement, and whether the individual was 
 still alive). Part 3 contains family information (with whom the child 
 was living at the time of the incident, family disruptions, and who 
 reported the abuse or neglect) and data on the perpetrator of the 
 incident (relation to the victim, age, race, sex, and whether living in 
 the home of the victim). Part 4 contains information on the charges 
 filed within adult arrest incidents (occasion for arrest, multiple 
 counts of the same type of charge, year and location of arrest, and 
 type of offense or charge), and Part 5 includes information on the 
 charges filed within juvenile arrest incidents (year of juvenile 
 charge, number of arrests, and type of offense or charge). The unit of 
 analysis for Parts 1 through 3 is the individual at age 11 or younger, 
 for Part 4 the charge within the adult arrest incident, and for Part 5 
the charge within the juvenile arrest incident.

Tags: arrests, child-abuse, child-neglect, criminality-prediction, juvenile-crime, offenders, victims, violent-crime
Organization: Department of Justice
Providing Help to Victims:  A Study of Psychological and Material Outcomes in New York City, 1984-1985

This data collection was designed to examine the
 effectiveness of a New York City agency's attempt to decrease the
 negative emotions that result from victimization. The data address the
 following questions: (1) To what extent do specific treatments
 mitigate the negative psychological impact of victimization? (2) Are
 individuals from a particular demographic group more prone to suffer
 from psychological adjustment problems following victimization? (3)
 When victimized, do individuals blame themselves or the situation? (4)
 Are some crimes more difficult to cope with than others? (5) Does
 previous victimization affect the likelihood that an individual will
 have difficulty coping with current as well as future victimization?
 Data were collected in two waves, with Wave 1 interviews completed
 within one month of the victimization incident and Wave 2 interviews
 completed three months after treatment. The effects of three
 treatments were measured. They included: traditional crisis counseling
 (which incorporates psychological aid and material assistance such as
 food, shelter, cash, etc.), cognitive restructuring (challenges to
 "irrational" beliefs about the world and one's self used in
 conjunction with crisis counseling), and material assistance only (no
 psychological aid provided). A fourth group of victims received no
 treatment or services. Three standardized psychometric scales were
 used in the study. In addition to these standardized scales, the
 initial assessment battery included an index of fear of crime as well
 as an index that measured behavior adjustment. Another set of measures
 assessed how victims perceived their experience of victimization and
 included items on self-blame, selective evaluation, and control. Also
 included were questions about the crime and precautions taken to guard
 against future victimization. The follow-up assessment battery was
 virtually identical to the initial battery, except that questions
 about services and social support received by the victim were
 added. The following demographic variables are included in the data:
 sex, age, marital status, education, income, and race. The unit of
analysis was the individual.

Tags: anxiety, coping, counseling, emotional-states, fear, fear-of-crime, guilt, personal-adjustment, psychological-effects, psychological-wellbeing, treatment, victim-services, victimization, victims
Organization: Department of Justice
Use and Effectiveness of Hypnosis and the Cognitive Interview for Enhancing Eyewitness Recall:  Philadelphia, 1988-1989

This study investigated the effectiveness of hypnosis and 
 the cognitive interview (a technique for stimulating memory) on the 
 recall of events in a criminal incident. The data collected in the 
 study address the following questions: (1) Does hypnosis or the 
 cognitive interview mitigate recall deficits that result from 
 emotionally upsetting events? (2) Does hypnosis or the cognitive 
 interview improve recall when individuals recall events in narrative 
 fashion? (3) Does hypnosis or the cognitive interview improve recall 
 when individuals are required to respond to each item in a set of 
 focused questions? (4) Does the cognitive interview improve recall 
 better than motivated control recall procedures? For this two-stage 
 study, subjects were randomly assigned to receive hypnosis, cognitive 
 interview, or control treatment. Stage 1 involved completing unrelated 
 questionnaires and viewing a short film containing an emotionally 
 upsetting criminal event. Stage 2 was conducted 3 to 13 days later (the 
 average was 6.5 days) and involved baseline information gathering about 
 the events in the film, application of the assigned treatment, and 
 post-treatment written recall of the events. Data were collected from 
 the written narratives provided by subjects and from an oral forced 
 recall of events in a post-experimental interview. Variables in File 1 
 include total information (correct, incorrect, confabulations, and 
 attributions) as well as new information given in the post-treatment 
 written narrative. The remaining variables in File 1 include score on 
 Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A), 
 repressor status, and the number of days between viewing the film and 
 completing the baseline and post-treatment interviews. Variables in 
 File 2 were derived from the post-experimental oral forced recall 
 interview and include total correct and incorrect responses and 
 confidence ratings for correct and incorrect responses. The unit of 
observation is the individual.

Tags: cognitive-functioning, cognitive-processes, crime, eyewitness-memory, hypnosis, police-investigations
Organization: Department of Justice
Organized Crime Business Activities and Their Implications for Law Enforcement, 1986-1987

This project was undertaken to investigate organized 
 criminal groups and the types of business activities in which they 
 engage. The focus (unit of analysis) was on the organized groups rather 
 than their individual members. The project assessed the needs of these 
 groups in pursuing their goals and considered the operations used to 
 implement or carry out their activities. The data collected address 
 some of the following issues: (1) Are business operations (including 
 daily operations, acquiring ownership, and structuring the 
 organization) of organized criminal groups conducted in a manner 
 paralleling legitimate business ventures? (2) Should investigating and 
 prosecuting white-collar crime be a central way of proceeding against 
 organized criminal groups? (3) What are the characteristics of the 
 illegal activities of organized criminal groups? (4) In what ways are 
 legal activities used by organized criminal groups to pursue income 
 from illegal activities? (5) What is the purpose of involvement in 
 legal activities for organized criminal groups? (6) What services are 
 used by organized criminal groups to implement their activities? 
 Variables include information on the offense actually charged against 
 the criminal organization in the indictments or complaints, other 
 illegal activities participated in by the organization, and the 
 judgments against the organization requested by law enforcement 
 agencies. These judgments fall into several categories: monetary relief 
 (such as payment of costs of investigation and recovery of stolen or 
 misappropriated funds), equitable relief (such as placing the business 
 in receivership or establishment of a victim fund), restraints on 
 actions (such as prohibiting participation in labor union activities or 
 further criminal involvement), and forfeitures (such as forfeiting 
 assets in pension funds or bank accounts). Other variables include the 
 organization's participation in business-type activities--both illegal 
 and legal, the organization's purpose for providing legal goods and 
 services, the objectives of the organization, the market for the 
 illegal goods and services provided by the organization, the 
 organization's assets, the business services it requires, how it 
 financially provides for its members, the methods it uses to acquire 
ownership, indicators of its ownership, and the nature of its victims.

Tags: career-criminals, law-enforcement-agencies, organized-crime, white-collar-crime
Organization: Department of Justice
Trauma-Focused Interventions for Justice-Involved and At-Risk Youth: A Meta-Analysis, 1980-2015

The objective of the Trauma-Focused Interventions for Justice-Involved and At-Risk Youth meta-analysis was to systematically review and statistically synthesize all available research on the effectiveness of trauma-informed treatment programs for justice-involved youth and youth at-risk of justice system involvement who experienced some form of trauma in their lives. A systematic search identified 29 publications that met the eligibility criteria and represented 30 treatment-comparison contrasts. Of these studies, 6 evaluated the effectiveness of trauma-informed programs for justice-involved youth, and the remaining 24 evaluated programs for at-risk children and youth. From these studies, researchers extracted results related to delinquency, problem behaviors, aggression, antisocial behavior, substance use, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outcomes. Most of these studies (24) used random assignment to conditions designs, with the remaining 6 using a quasi experimental design with a comparison condition.
Variables in this collection include type of publication, authors, country of study, type of primary study design, publication year, youth type (at-risk or delinquent), frequency and duration of treatment, treatment techniques and types of therapy, treatment and control group sample sizes, as well as variables summarizing respondent histories of abuse, neglect, trauma, violence, delinquency, institutionalization, homelessness, and involvement in foster care. Demographic information on primary study respondents includes overall sample, treatment, and control group percentage breakdowns by ethnicity and respondent age summary statistics.


Tags: criminal-justice-system, delinquent-behavior, intervention, juvenile-justice, post-traumatic-stress-disorder, treatment-programs, youths-at-risk
Organization: Department of Justice
Impact of Victimization in the Lives of Incarcerated Women in South Carolina, 2000-2002

This study examined victimization in the lives of
 incarcerated women, specifically victimization as a risk factor for
 crime, with particular emphasis on the direct and indirect ways in
 which the impact of victimization contributed to criminal involvement.
 Interviews were conducted with 60 women incarcerated in a maximum
 security state correctional facility in South Carolina from October
 2001 to August 2002. Interview measures consisted of participant
 responses to loosely-structured open-ended prompts and addressed each
 woman's own perspective on psychological, physical, and sexual
 victimization within her life, as well as her history of family and
 peer relationships, alcohol and drug use, and criminal activity. The
 South Carolina Department of Corrections (SCDC) provided demographic
 and criminal history information for each prospective participant,
 including participants, no-shows, and decliners (Part 1) and for the
 female prison population without the prospective participants (Part
 2). These data were used for sampling decisions and provide
 descriptive information on sample characteristics. In addition the
 SCDC provided inmate data on offenses committed while in the SCDC
 (Part 3), disciplinary actions at the SCDC (Part 4), education through
 the SCDC (Part 5), and known prior offenses (Part 6). The project also
 conducted online searches in NewsLibrary for media reports concerning
 women who participated in the study. Variables include age, race,
 number of children, marital status, criminal offense history,
 correctional disciplinary records, probation/parole information,
 victim/witness notification, corrections program participation,
 intelligence scores, math and reading scores, basic academic
history/degrees, mental health assessment, and special medical needs.

Tags: criminal-histories, female-offenders, risk-factors, victimization, violence
Organization: Department of Justice
Process Evaluation of the Gender Appropriateness of the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) Program at Baylor Women's Correctional Institute, 1999-2001

The overall goals of the process evaluation were to assess
 the participants' views on the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment
 (RSAT), a Therapeutic Community program at Baylor Women's Correctional
 Institute, and to determine whether the women thought the program met
 their needs specifically based on gender. The specific goals of the
 study were: (1) to determine drop-out points along the continuum of
 the treatment model and to review the case files to discover any
 patterns in client participation and review demographic data in the
 program, and (2) to assess what current participants thought about the
 program and treatment model. For Part 1, Recent Graduate Data, data
 were secured from case files of women who had been discharged from the
 Therapeutic Community (Key Village) program in Baylor Women's
 Correctional Institute in 1999. This analysis was used to prepare the
 survey instrument used for the interviews given to the women currently
 participating in the program. For Part 2, Client Assessment
 Satisfaction Data, the current residents of the program were
 interviewed. During fall of 2000 and spring of 2001, a survey was
 developed to assess how the current participants viewed the Key
 Program. The questions were intended to gather information to assess
 the gender appropriateness of the program. A database was constructed
 to search for any consistencies or variables that would address the
 issue of gender appropriateness or lack of such in the operation of
 the program from the participants' point of view. During the interview
 period there were a total of 88 women in the Key Program. Of the 88
 women, 76 agreed to participate in the study. For Part 1, the
 variables cover demographic data, criminal history information,
 medical information, prior drug treatment histories, and program
 success or failure. Part 2 variables cover demographic information,
 and questions dealing with prior drug use, the first four weeks of the
 program, the confrontation aspects of the program, sanctions and
 program rules, staff/participant interaction, program activities and
 responsibilities as opposed to the general population, readiness for
 change, support systems, children's visits and children as motivation,
 physical aspects of the program, mental health, the need for
 additional vocational and educational services, significant aspects
and experiences from the program, and desired changes to the program.

Tags: client-satisfaction, correctional-facilities, counseling-services, female-inmates, female-offenders, inmate-programs, process-evaluation, residential-programs, substance-abuse-treatment, treatment-facilities, treatment-outcome
Organization: Department of Justice