AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
TOC, Reflectance and Raman Data from Eocene Green River Mahogany zone

Geological models for petroleum generation suggest thermal conversion of oil-prone sedimentary organic matter in the presence of water promotes increased liquid saturate yield, whereas absence of water causes formation of an aromatic, cross-linked solid bitumen residue. To test the influence of exchangeable hydrogen from water, organic-rich (22 wt.% total organic carbon, TOC) mudrock samples from the Eocene lacustrine Green River Mahogany zone oil shale were pyrolyzed under hydrous and anhydrous conditions at temperatures between 300 and 370°C for 72 hrs. Petrographic approaches including optical microscopy, reflectance, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, supplemented by geochemical screening measurements (TOC content and programmed pyrolysis), were used to quantify differences in relative appearance, abundance and composition of solid bitumen newly generated during the pyrolysis experiments. Results show hydrous residues contain lower TOC, comprised of solid bitumen with higher aromaticity, and textures indicative of lower viscosities, than anhydrous residues from the same temperature pyrolysis conditions. These observations suggest solid bitumen forming from thermal conversion of oil-prone sedimentary organic matter under anhydrous conditions is less aromatic, although more cross-linked, than solid bitumen forming under hydrous conditions at the same time-temperature combination. A radical disproportionation mechanism favored in the presence of hydrogen radical donation from water promotes aromatization in the solid residue with concomitant expulsion of saturated hydrocarbons.

Tags: anhydrous-pyrolysis, colorado, garfield-county, hydrous-pyrolysis, organic-petrography, petroleum-generation, raman-spectroscopy, rifle, solid-bitumen, solid-bitumen-reflectance, thermal-maturity, usgs-61f81db8d34e622189c24e0a
Organization: Department of the Interior
Multiple Species Comparisons from EverForecast May 2021

These data are summaries and comparisons of the EverForecast outputs from May 2021. EverForecast is a near-term hydrologic forecasting application that provides daily water depth forecasts across the freshwater Everglades (Pearlstine et al. 2020); water depth forecasts are then used to run species models. Here, we examine the EverForecast outputs of five species models: (1) American alligator production probability (i.e., habitat suitability index (HSI)), (2) Florida apple snail (native) population model (EverSnail), (3) Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow probability of presence model (EverSparrow), (4) small fish density model, and (5) wading bird probability of presence model (EverWaders). These species model outputs are summarized on a biweekly (14 day) time step for each EverForecast region into three hydrologic categories relative to the full forecast: (1) low depth, (2) medium depth, (3) high depth. The outputs show tradeoffs among species when selecting hydrologic conditions to prioritize the ecological conditions for one species over others.

Tags: biota, ecosystem-restoration, environment, everglades, hydrology, modeling, natural-resource-management, southern-florida, usgs-61f8035ed34e622189c24d0b, wetland-restoration
Organization: Department of the Interior
KiteNest modeling scripts and output (ver. 2.0, August 2022)

KiteNest is a spatially explicit model of Everglades snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) relative nest site selection that quantifies the relationships between a range of environmental factors and nest site selection specific to the southern portion of the species' range. Using hydrologic conditions such as mean 2-week water depth and water depth change rate, days since the last fire, distance to the nearest fire within the last year, and percent canopy cover, KiteNest provides biweekly probabilities of relative snail kite nest site selection on a 400 x 400 m grid. Here we provide the scripts to extract and calculate the model inputs, generate the model, validate the model, and produce predictions of snail kite relative nest site selection across the landscape from 1996 through 2017. A NetCDF of these predicted probabilities is also provided for users. For full details of the model development process, see Larger Work citation.

Tags: biota, decision-support-methods, endangered-species, everglades, southern-florida, statistical-modeling, usgs-61f80231d34e622189c24d05, usgs-ema-low-sb-tampe-listed-birds, wetland-restoration
Organization: Department of the Interior
PRISM3 Pliocene Global Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction

PRISM3D uses multiple proxies to develop February and August synoptic reconstructions of the surface ocean. Planktonic 
foraminiferal assemblages were translated to February and August surface temperatures via factor analytic transfer function and the modern analog technique. Mg/Ca and alkenone paleothermometry were incorporated as supplementary data for the first time in a PRISM reconstruction. Individual time series were calibrated to age using a combination of magnetobioisostratigraphy, and warm peaks within the PRISM interval were averaged.These warm peak averages for February and August form the basic data used to produce contour maps of mid-Pliocene SST. Wherever other proxy data were available, they were plotted and interpreted within the context of the faunal February and August estimates (which were assumed to represent seasonal extremes). In almost all cases, alkenone, Mg/Ca and faunal estimates showed realistic results given the fact that each proxy represents a different aspect of the paleoenvironment. PRISM3D monthly SST fields are presented on a 2 x 2 latitude x longitude grid. SSTs for the remaining 10 months of the year were derived by fitting a sine curve to the February and August SST estimates.

Tags: arctic-ocean, atlantic-ocean, bathysphere, indian-ocean, pacific-ocean, paleoclimate, piacenzian, pliocene-epoch, sea-surface, sea-surface-temperature, southern-ocean, usgs-61f6a386d34e622189bf77dd
Organization: Department of the Interior
Environmental DNA and electrofishing data for American eel in the Mohawk and Hudson River Watersheds (ver. 2.0, January 2023)

The dataset is composed of six tables containing environmental DNA (eDNA) and electrofishing data from American eel (Anguilla rostrata) surveys conducted on parts of the Mohawk River watershed and tributaries to the Hudson River in New York. The dataset includes (a) eDNA data from 36 sites in the Mohawk River watershed and adjacent areas including parts of the Eastern Erie Canal, Mohawk River, and tributaries that were sampled in spring 2021 and again in summer 2021,(b) paired eDNA/electrofishing data from 15 sites on tributaries to the Hudson River that were sampled between 2020 and 2021, and (c) model output of predicted American eel density from all sites in the Mohawk River watershed and adjacent areas where eDNA was detected. The table "MohawkHudsonEel_MohawkScreening_eDNAData" contains eDNA data from the 36 sites in the Mohawk River watershed, the table "MohawkHudsonEel_MohawkScreening_SiteData" contains supporting information on the 36 sites in the Mohawk River watershed, the table "MohawkHudsonEel_HudsonTribCalibration_LWData" contains the length and weight for all American eel captured during electrofishing surveys from the 15 sites on tributaries to the Hudson River, the table "MohawkHudsonEel_HudsonTribCalibration_eDNAData" contains eDNA data from the 15 sites on tributaries to the Hudson River, the table "MohawkHudsonEel_HudsonTribCalibration_SiteData" contains supporting information on the 15 sites on tributaries to the Hudson River including the dimensions of the reaches where electrofishing was conducted, and the table "MohawkHudsonEel_MohawkScreening_DensityEstimate" contains predicted density of American eel estimated from eDNA concentration using linear regression from all sites in the Mohawk River watershed and adjacent areas where eDNA was detected.

Tags: environmental-dna, fish, freshwater-ecosystems, hudson-river, inland-fishery-resources, mohawk-river, new-york, population-and-community-ecology, usgs-61f92a51d34e622189c478d6
Organization: Department of the Interior
Statewide survey of shallow soil concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related chemical and physical data across New Hampshire, 2021

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related chemical and physical data are presented from 100 shallow soil sampling locations within the State of New Hampshire. Sites were randomly determined through an equal-area grid approach (Scott, 1990) targeting undisturbed areas, which included lands classified by the 2016 National Land Cover Database (Dewitz, 2019) as forested, shrubland, scrubland, grassland, herbaceous, wetlands, or barren land. Sampling sites were located at the closest point to the random location identified, where access and permission were available. To limit the potential for sampling results to be influenced by local releases of PFAS, a 500-meter buffer around parcels associated with known or potential PFAS sources was also included. At all 100 locations, samples were collected from 0 (land surface) to 6 inches in depth. At 50 locations, samples from 6 to 12 inches depth were collected, while at 6 of these locations soil profiles were collected in 6-inch increments to a maximum of 36 inches in depth. Soil horizons within the sampling intervals were described using the National Soil Survey Center Natural Resources Conservation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (Schoeneberger et al., 2012). Analyses included 36 PFAS compounds, 36 PFAS compounds post-total oxidizable precursor assay (TOPA), total organic carbon (TOC), moisture content, pH, and autoclaved-citrate extractable protein. Quality control samples included source-solution blanks, equipment blanks, and replicates. 
References:
Dewitz, J., 2019, National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2016 Products (ver. 2.0, July 2020): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P96HHBIE.
Schoeneberger, P.J., Wysocki, D.A., Benham, E.C., and Soil Survey Staff, 2012, Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 3.0. Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE.
Scott, J.C., 1990, Computerized stratified random site-selection approaches for design of a ground-water-quality sampling network: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4101, 109 p., http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wri904101.

Tags: pfas, soil-chemistry, soil-horizons, soil-sciences, usgs-61f43d6cd34e622189bbb0c4
Organization: Department of the Interior
Species distribution model (SDM) for Echinocereus engelmannii in the Mojave Desert

Preserving native species diversity is fundamental to ecosystem conservation. Selecting appropriate native species for use in restoration is a critical component of project design and may emphasize species attributes such as life history, functional type, pollinator services, and nutritional value for wildlife. Determining which species are likely to establish and persist in a particular environment is a key consideration. Species distribution models (SDMs) characterize relationships between species occurrences and the physical environment (e.g., climate, soil, topographic relief) and provide a mechanism for assessing which species may successfully propagate at a restoration site. In conjunction with information on species attributes, SDMs facilitate holistic ecosystem restoration by enabling practitioners to identify diverse, resilient assemblages of native species. This project develops SDMs for native species of fundamental ecosystem importance in order to guide restoration of Mojave Desert landscapes. The dataset contained herein provides an SDM for Echinocereus engelmannii within its Mojave Desert range based on known occurrences.

Tags: arizona, biogeography, biota, california, habitats, maps-and-atlases, mojave, native-plant-materials-development, native-species, nevada, species-distribution-model, usgs-61f43c69d34e622189bbadf4, utah
Organization: Department of the Interior
Species distribution model (SDM) for Descurainia pinnata in the Mojave Desert

Preserving native species diversity is fundamental to ecosystem conservation. Selecting appropriate native species for use in restoration is a critical component of project design and may emphasize species attributes such as life history, functional type, pollinator services, and nutritional value for wildlife. Determining which species are likely to establish and persist in a particular environment is a key consideration. Species distribution models (SDMs) characterize relationships between species occurrences and the physical environment (e.g., climate, soil, topographic relief) and provide a mechanism for assessing which species may successfully propagate at a restoration site. In conjunction with information on species attributes, SDMs facilitate holistic ecosystem restoration by enabling practitioners to identify diverse, resilient assemblages of native species. This project develops SDMs for native species of fundamental ecosystem importance in order to guide restoration of Mojave Desert landscapes. The dataset contained herein provides an SDM for Descurainia pinnata within its Mojave Desert range based on known occurrences.

Tags: arizona, biogeography, biota, california, habitats, maps-and-atlases, mojave, native-plant-materials-development, native-species, nevada, species-distribution-model, usgs-61f43b71d34e622189bbab3c, utah
Organization: Department of the Interior
Species distribution model (SDM) for Cryptantha nevadensis in the Mojave Desert

Preserving native species diversity is fundamental to ecosystem conservation. Selecting appropriate native species for use in restoration is a critical component of project design and may emphasize species attributes such as life history, functional type, pollinator services, and nutritional value for wildlife. Determining which species are likely to establish and persist in a particular environment is a key consideration. Species distribution models (SDMs) characterize relationships between species occurrences and the physical environment (e.g., climate, soil, topographic relief) and provide a mechanism for assessing which species may successfully propagate at a restoration site. In conjunction with information on species attributes, SDMs facilitate holistic ecosystem restoration by enabling practitioners to identify diverse, resilient assemblages of native species. This project develops SDMs for native species of fundamental ecosystem importance in order to guide restoration of Mojave Desert landscapes. The dataset contained herein provides an SDM for Cryptantha nevadensis within its Mojave Desert range based on known occurrences.

Tags: arizona, biogeography, biota, california, habitats, maps-and-atlases, mojave, native-plant-materials-development, native-species, nevada, species-distribution-model, usgs-61f43a49d34e622189bba7f3, utah
Organization: Department of the Interior
Species distribution model (SDM) for Cryptantha micrantha in the Mojave Desert

Preserving native species diversity is fundamental to ecosystem conservation. Selecting appropriate native species for use in restoration is a critical component of project design and may emphasize species attributes such as life history, functional type, pollinator services, and nutritional value for wildlife. Determining which species are likely to establish and persist in a particular environment is a key consideration. Species distribution models (SDMs) characterize relationships between species occurrences and the physical environment (e.g., climate, soil, topographic relief) and provide a mechanism for assessing which species may successfully propagate at a restoration site. In conjunction with information on species attributes, SDMs facilitate holistic ecosystem restoration by enabling practitioners to identify diverse, resilient assemblages of native species. This project develops SDMs for native species of fundamental ecosystem importance in order to guide restoration of Mojave Desert landscapes. The dataset contained herein provides an SDM for Cryptantha micrantha within its Mojave Desert range based on known occurrences.

Tags: arizona, biogeography, biota, california, habitats, maps-and-atlases, mojave, native-plant-materials-development, native-species, nevada, species-distribution-model, usgs-61f43839d34e622189bba33b, utah
Organization: Department of the Interior
Brown treesnake movement following snake suppression in the Habitat Management Unit on Northern Guam from 2015

Animals move to locate important resources such as food, water, and mates. Therefore, movement patterns can reflect temporal and spatial availability of resources as well as when, where, and how individuals access such resources. To test these relationships for a predatory reptile, we quantified the effects of prey abundance on the spatial ecology of invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis). After toxicant-mediated suppression of a brown treesnake population on Guam, we simultaneously used visual encounter surveys to estimate rodent abundance and radiotelemetry to document movement behavior of surviving snakes located in the Habitat Management Unit (HMU) in Northern Guam, Andersen Air Force Base. The impact of prey availability on snake movement is covered under these data via three data files.

Tags: andersen-air-force-base, biota, guam, habitat-management-unit, movement, prey, small-mammal, snake, usgs-61f331c5d34e622189b96cd4
Organization: Department of the Interior
Data inputs and outputs for simulations of species distributions in response to future fire size and climate change in the boreal-temperate ecotone of northeastern China

This data release provides inputs needed to run the LANDIS PRO forest landscape model and the LINKAGES 3.0 ecosystem process model for the temperate-boreal ecotone Great Xing’an Mountains of northeastern China, and simulation results that underlie figures and analysis in the accompanying publication.  The study compared the impacts of small and large fires on vegetation dynamics.  The data release includes input data for LINKAGES including soils, landtype, and climate data; initial conditions of stands in the study area for LANDIS PRO; and maps of LANDIS PRO output for each model grid cell including total trees, total biomass (Mg/ha), and tree density (trees/ha) in ten-year timesteps.  Output for four climate and fire scenarios are included for a 115-year simulation period (i.e., 1985 – 2100).  A baseline scenario that applied observed climate and the historical fire regime from (1967 – 2006) was used for model calibration and evaluation.  Three climate-change scenarios evaluated interactions between fire size and projected future climate under the GFDL-CM3 model with the RCP8.5 emissions scenario: (1) climate change and no fire, (2) climate change and small, frequent fires, and (3) climate change and large, infrequent fires.

Tags: aboveground-forest-biomass, biota, china, fire-size, forest-ecosystems, great-xing-an-mountains, landis-pro, landscape-change-model, usgs-61f3304cd34e622189b96492, wildfire
Organization: Department of the Interior
Landslide Inventories across the United States version 2

Landslides are damaging and deadly, and they occur in every U.S. state. However, our current ability to understand landslide hazards at the national scale is limited, in part because spatial data on landslide occurrence across the U.S. varies greatly in quality, accessibility, and extent. Landslide inventories are typically collected and maintained by different agencies and institutions, usually within specific jurisdictional boundaries, and often with varied objectives and information attributes or even in disparate formats. The purpose of this data release is to provide an openly accessible, centralized map of existing information on landslide occurrence across the entire U.S. The data release includes digital inventories created by both USGS and non-USGS authors. It provides an integrated database of all the landslides with a selection of uniform attributes, but also includes links to the original digital inventory files (whenever available). Given the wide range of landslide information sources in this data compilation, we also provide an attribute to assess the relative confidence in the characterization of the location and extent of each landslide. The confidence level reflects the resolution and quality of input data, as well as the method used for identification and mapping of each landslide. We include a classification attribute for polygons to differentiate between individually mapped landslides and features that are evidence of landsliding. Such evidence may include landslide complexes, Quaternary landslide deposits, alluvial fans, unstable slopes, landslide impacts, and other evidence indicative of landslide occurrence. Further details about each landslide and more recent information (when it exists) can be accessed by clicking the “InventoryURL” attribute link to the original source information. Relative to the initial data release (version 1), this update (version 2) includes more inventories, updated confidence rules, and a new classification attribute. This database will be updated intermittently using the version 2 doi, and was most recently updated in March 2022. Please contact gs-haz_landslides_inventory@usgs.gov for more information on how to contribute additional inventories to this community effort.

Tags: geologic-hazards-science-center, geology, geoscientificinformation, ghsc, gis, ground-failure, landslide, landslide-hazard, landslide-hazard-program, landslides, usgs, usgs-61f326dfd34e622189b93308
Organization: Department of the Interior