AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Pretrial Release Practices in the United States, 1976-1978

Funded by the National Institute of Justice, this data collection
represents Phase II of a larger project to evaluate pretrial release
practices. The
study focuses on four major topics: (1) release--rates and types of
releases, defendant or case characteristics and their impact on the
release decision, (2) court appearance --extent to which released
defendants appear in court, factors associated with defendants'
failure to appear in court, (3) pretrial criminality--number of
rearrests during the pretrial period and the factors predicting
rearrest, charges and rates of conviction for crimes committed during
the pretrial period, and (4) impact of pretrial release programs--effect of
programs on release decisions and on the behavior of defendants. The study
is limited to adult defendants processed through state and local trial
courts, and to pretrial release rather than pretrial intervention or
diversion programs. Part 1 is an analysis of release practices and
outcomes in eight jurisdictions (Baltimore City and Baltimore County,
Maryland, Washington, DC, Dade County, Florida, Jefferson County,
Kentucky, Pima County, Arizona, Santa Cruz County, California, and
Santa Clara County, California). The pretrial release "delivery
systems," that is, the major steps and individuals and organizations
in the pretrial release process, were analyzed in each jurisdiction.
Additionally, a sample of defendants from each site was studied from
point of arrest to final case disposition and sentencing. Part 2 of
this study examines the impact of the existence of pretrial release
programs on release, court appearance, and pretrial release outcomes.
An experimental design was used to compare a group of
defendants who participated in a pretrial release program with a
control group who did not. Experiments were conducted in Pima County
(Tucson), Arizona, Baltimore City, Maryland, Lincoln, Nebraska, and
Jefferson County (Beaumont-Port Arthur), Texas. In Tucson, separate
experiments were conducted for felony and misdemeanor cases.

Tags: courts, criminal-histories, defendants, judicial-process, pretrial-hearings, pretrial-procedures, pretrial-release
Organization: Department of Justice
Characteristics and Movement of Felons in California Prisons, 1851-1964

Felons in the California prison system are documented in
this data collection. The data are arranged by year and type of
movement within the prison system, and include admissions, paroles,
parole violations, suspensions or reinstatements of parole, discharges,
deaths, and executions. Each record contains information on certain
characteristics of the person involved, such as age at admission, race,
marital status, education, military history, occupation, number of
prior arrests, escape record, date and type of releases, and parole
violations.

Tags: arrests, convictions-law, correctional-facilities, criminal-justice-system, demographic-characteristics, fatalities, felons, inmates, parole
Organization: Department of Justice
Crime Factors and Neighborhood Decline in Chicago, 1979

This study explores the relationship between crime and
neighborhood deterioration in eight neighborhoods in Chicago. The
neighborhoods were selected on the basis of slowly or rapidly
appreciating real estate values, stable or changing racial
composition, and high or low crime rates. These data provide the
results of a telephone survey administered to approximately 400 heads
of households in each study neighborhood, a total of 3,310 completed
interviews. The survey was designed to measure victimization
experience, fear and perceptions of crime, protective measures taken,
attitudes toward neighborhood quality and resources, attitudes toward
the neighborhood as an investment, and density of community
involvement. Each record includes appearance ratings for the block of
the respondent's residence and aggregate figures on personal and
property victimization for that city block. The aggregate appearance
ratings were compiled from windshield surveys taken by trained
personnel of the National Opinion Research Center. The criminal
victimization figures came from Chicago City Police files.

Tags: cities, communities, community-participation, crime, criminal-justice-system, delinquent-behavior, fear-of-crime, household-composition, housing-conditions, neighborhood-characteristics, neighborhood-conditions, neighborhoods, police-protection, police-re
Organization: Department of Justice
Developing a Juvenile Risk Assessment Instrument for Iowa State Evaluation Capacity Building, 1994-1995

This study was undertaken to address Iowa's inability to
classify juveniles at risk of recidivism uniformly across the state by
creating and testing a proposed risk assessment instrument. It was
anticipated that the risk assessment instrument would be useful in not
only providing the juvenile court officers with a tool to
appropriately assess the risk of recidivism, but also in providing
"common ground" to treatment staff and other relevant officials to
determine whether certain interventions worked better with certain
levels of risk than others, and whether limited resources were being
appropriately utilized in providing appropriate interventions to
juveniles with specific risk scores. To develop the Proposed Iowa
Juvenile Court Intake Risk Assessment, a team of juvenile court
representatives from all eight judicial districts in Iowa, consisting
of juvenile court officers, intake officers, and supervisors, designed
a risk assessment test instrument to assess a group of juveniles at
intake during a one-month period between October and November
1994. The follow-up data collection was conducted by chief juvenile
court officers eight months after the original data collection. The
purpose of the follow-up was to gather data regarding
reoffending. Risk assessment variables include types and number of
current offenses, prior arrests and adjudication, histories of
supervision and service, substance use and abuse, runaway occurrences,
peer relationships, gang affiliation, attitude during intake
interview, level of parental control, schooling status (dropped out,
graduated, truant), type of current school, discipline problems,
suspensions at school, current employment, history of family problems,
and reoffending. Demographic variables include offender's sex and
race.

Tags: criminal-histories, intervention, juvenile-offenders, recidivism, risk-assessment, treatment-programs, youths-at-risk
Organization: Department of Justice
Women in Prison, 1800-1935:  Tennessee, New York, and Ohio

This data collection focused on problems in the women's
 correctional system over a 135-year period. More specifically, it
 examined the origins and development of prisoner and sentencing
 characteristics in three states. Demographic data on female inmates
 cover age, race, parents' place of birth, prisoner's occupation,
 religion, and marital status. Other variables include correctional
 facilities, offenses, minimum and maximum sentences, prior
 commitments, method of release from prison, and presence of crime
partners.

Tags: correctional-facilities, criminal-justice-system, demographic-characteristics, new-york, ohio, sentencing, tennessee, united-states, women
Organization: Department of Justice
Police Corruption in Thirty Agencies in the United States, 1997

This study examined police officers' perceptions of and
 tolerance for corruption. In contrast to the popular viewpoint that
 police corruption is a result of moral defects in the individual
 police officer, this study investigated corruption from an
 organizational viewpoint. The approach examined the ways rules are
 communicated to officers, how rules are enforced by supervisors,
 including sanctions for violation of ethical guidelines, the unspoken
 code against reporting the misconduct of a fellow officer, and the
 influence of public expectations about police behavior. For the
 survey, a questionnaire describing 11 hypothetical scenarios of police
 misconduct was administered to 30 police agencies in the United
 States. Specifically, officers were asked to compare the violations in
 terms of seriousness and to assess the level of sanctions each
 violation of policies and procedures both should and would likely
 receive. For each instance of misconduct, officers were asked about
 the extent to which they supported agency discipline for it and their
 willingness to report it. Scenarios included issues such as off-duty
 private business, free meals, bribes for speeding, free gifts,
 stealing, drinking on duty, and use of excessive force. Additional
 information was collected about the officers' personal
 characteristics, such as length of time in the police force (in
 general and at their agency), the size of the agency, and the level of
rank the officer held.

Tags: law-enforcement-agencies, perceptions, police-corruption, police-misconduct, police-officers, policies-and-procedures, professional-ethics, sanctions
Organization: Department of Justice
Controlling Fraud in Small Business Health Benefits Programs in the United States, 1990-1996

The focus of this project was insider fraud -- crimes
 committed by the owners and operators of insurance companies that were
 established for the purposes of defrauding businesses and
 employees. The quantitative data for this collection were taken from a
 database maintained by the National Association of Insurance
 Commissioners (NAIC), an organization that represents state insurance
 departments collectively and acts as a clearinghouse for information
 obtained from individual departments. Created in 1988, the Regulatory
 Information Retrieval System (RIRS) database contains information on
 actions taken by state insurance departments against individuals and
 firms, including cease and desist orders, license revocations, fines,
 and penalties imposed. Data available for this project include a total
 of 123 actions taken against firms labeled as Multiple Employer
 Welfare Arrangements or Multiple Employer Trusts (MEWA/MET) in the
 RIRS database. Variables available in this data collection include the
 date action was taken, state where action was taken, dollar amount of
the penalty imposed in the action, and disposition for action taken.

Tags: businesses, crime-control, employee-benefits, fraud, insurance-claims, white-collar-crime
Organization: Department of Justice
Criminal Behavior of Gangs in Aurora and Denver, Colorado, and Broward County, Florida:  1993-1994

This study was undertaken to measure the criminal behavior
 of gangs, including their involvement in delinquent behavior such as
 drug use and drug trafficking activities, and to compare gang behavior
 with that of youth who were at risk, but who had not yet become active
 in gangs. The project assessed the role that gangs play in the lives
 of youth whose living conditions are otherwise comparable. In order to
 study the criminal behavior of gangs, investigators sought to
 interview 50 gang members and 50 non-gang, at-risk youth at two sites
 in Colorado and one site in Florida. A large portion of the interview
 questions asked in both the gang member interview and the at-risk
 youth interview were parallel. The following variables appear in both
 the gang member and at-risk youth files (Parts 1 and 2 respectively)
 created for this data collection: gang popularity variables
 (respondents' perceptions of the positive and negative attributes of a
 gang, and why gangs endure over time), drug involvement variables
 (whether respondents or fellow members/friends sold various types of
 drugs, why selling drugs increases a person's "juice", the drug source
 organization, and where they traveled to get the drugs), criminal
 history variables (the reasons why respondents believed they were able
 to get away with crimes, their first arrest age, and their most
 serious arrest charge), personal activity variables (whether
 respondents or fellow members/friends participated in dances, sporting
 events, fighting, drug use or selling, shoplifting, assaulting people,
 or burglarizing homes), variables concerning the future (whether
 respondents would join a gang again/join a gang today, why some gangs
 survive and others don't, and how respondents see their future), and
 demographic variables (respondents' age, sex, race, city,
 neighborhood, school, school status, type of work, marital status, and
 relationship with parent(s)). In addition, Part 1, the Gang Member
 Data, contains gang status variables (gang symbols, gang nickname,
 gang turf, and how members define a gang) and gang membership
 variables (roles of the respondents within the gang, why members join
 a gang, what the most important gang rule is, and what happens to
 those who refuse the gang). Part 2, At-Risk Youth Data, contains
 additional variables on gang contact (the names of gangs who had
 approached the respondents, methods used to try to get the youths to
 join, how the youths refused the gang, and what happened as a result
 of refusing) and prevention (how at-risk youth would advise a young
 person to react if approached by a gang, and what the youths felt was
the best way to prepare children to deal with gangs).

Tags: criminal-histories, criminality, drug-abuse, drug-traffic, gang-members, gangs, living-conditions, youths-at-risk
Organization: Department of Justice
Judicial Decision Guidelines for Bail:  The Philadelphia Experiment, 1981-1982

The purpose of this study was to test the utility of draft
 guidelines in informing judicial decisions about bail. A sample of
 judges, based upon a stratified quota sampling design, was selected
 from the Philadephia Municipal Court to rule on sample cases. Eight
 judges were randomly selected to use guidelines and be "experimental
 judges," and eight others were randomly selected to be nonguideline or
 "control judges."  Data for the sample cases were taken from
 defendants' files. Variables provided in this collection include
 number of suspects involved, number of different offenses charged,
 most serious injury experienced by the victim(s), preliminary
 arraignment disposition, amount of bail, socioeconomic status and
 demographics of the defendant, prior criminal history of the
defendant, and reason for granting or denying bail.

Tags: bail, criminal-justice-system, decision-making, judges, judicial-decisions, offenses, pretrial-procedures
Organization: Department of Justice
Frequency of Arrest of the Young, Chronic, Serious Offender Using Two Male Cohorts Paroled by the California Youth Authority, 1981-1982 and 1986-1987

This study investigated the ways in which active offenders
and their behavior patterns are related to individual characteristics.
Data were collected to explore topics such as the nature of individual
offending behavior, including offense mix and specialization, the
frequency of offending, and the characterization of offender types. To
address these issues, the post-release arrest patterns of two cohorts
of male youths paroled by the California Youth Authority in 1981-1982
and 1986-1987 were examined. The project focused on modeling the
frequency of recidivism and the correlates of arrest frequency. The
frequency of arrest was measured during two periods: the first year
following release and years two and three following release. Criminal
justice variables in this collection provide information on
county-level crime and clearance rates for violent and property crimes
known to the police. Measures of parolees' criminal history include
length of incarceration prior to current commitment, frequency of
arrest, age at first arrest, and calculated criminal history
scores. Personal and family characteristics include previous violent
behavior, alcohol and drug abuse, family violence, neglect or abuse,
degree of parental supervision, parental criminality, education, and
school disciplinary problems. Demographic variables include age and
race of the subjects.

Tags: arrest-records, arrests, clearance-rates, crime-rates, criminal-histories, juvenile-offenders, male-offenders, parolees, recidivism-rates, recidivists, youths
Organization: Department of Justice
Religion and Violence by Race and Ethnicity, United States Counties, 2006-2014

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
To focus on the socio-cultural (including religious) contextual features that impact violent offending, victimization, and lethal self-harm, the researchers compiled county-level data on suicides, homicides, robbery, assault, religious adherence and demographic characteristics. The collection includes a data file with 62 variables and 3,140 cases in both SPSS and Stata formats. The file Religion_and_Violence_by_Race_Ethnicity__US_Counties__2010.sav is the SPSS version and Religion_and_Violence_by_Race_Ethnicity__US_Counties__2010.dta is the Stata version.

Tags: asian-americans, assault, demographic-characteristics, hispanic-or-latino-americans, homicide, race, religious-affiliation, robbery, suicide
Organization: Department of Justice
Effects of a Middle School Social-Emotional Learning Program on Bullying, Teen Dating Violence, Sexual Violence, and Substance Use in High School, Illinois, 2010-2016

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The purpose of this was to leverage an existing randomized controlled trial of The Second Step anti-bullying program, which was implemented when the sample of students was in middle school, by measuring related aggressive behaviors (e.g. bullying, cyberbullying, sexual violence) during the high school years. The objectives of this study were to determine treatment effects of the Second Step middle school program on reductions in youth aggression (including bullying), sexual violence, substance use, and teen dating violence when in high school, as well as to assess middle school belonging as a mediator of these treatment effects on targeted problem behaviors in high school.
Demographic variables included as part of this collection are students' age, gender, race, and household characteristics. The collection contains 3 SPSS data files:

analysis4_de-identified_2.sav (n=2143; 304 variables)
RCT-WAVE-1-4-ITEMS_RECODED_de-identified_2.sav (n=4718; 741 variables)
RCT---WAVE-5-7-ITEMS_RECODED_de-identified_2.sav (n=3064; 887 variables)


Tags: aggression, bullying, dating-social, drug-use, high-school-students, homophobia, intervention, juveniles, middle-schools, sexual-abuse, sexual-harassment, substance-abuse, victimization, youths
Organization: Department of Justice
Impact of Forensic Evidence on Arrest and Prosecution (IFEAP) in Connecticut, United States, 2006-2009

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
 This research was conducted in two phases. Phase one analyzed a random sample of approximately 2,000 case files from 2006 through 2009 that contain forensic analyses from the Connecticut State Forensic Science Laboratory, along with corresponding police and court case file data. As with Peterson, et al. (2010), this research had four objectives: 1) estimate the percentage of cases in which crime scene evidence is collected; 2) discover what kinds of forensic are being collected; 3)track such evidence through the criminal justice system; and 4)identify which forms of forensic evidence are most efficacious given the crime investigated.
Phase two consisted of a survey administered to detectives within the State of Connecticut regarding their comparative assessments of the utility of forensic evidence. These surveys further advance our understanding of how the success of forensic evidence in achieving arrests and convictions matches with detective opinion.

Tags: assault, burglary, convictions-law, crime, evidence, forensic-sciences, homicide, law-enforcement, police, rape
Organization: Department of Justice
Firearm Legislation and Firearm Violence Across Space and Time, United States, 1970-2012

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
The study constructed a comprehensive, longitudinal dataset of all counties nested within U.S. States from 1970 to 2012. The study's main purpose was to facilitate research that would further understanding on firearm legislation and its impacts on violence. This comprehensive data collection effort included information on firearm legislation implemented across U.S. States over time in combination with multiple measures of firearm-related violence and injury. Moreover, to better understand the conditions under which firearm legislation is more or less effective, incorporation of county characteristics allowed for examination of whether the effectiveness of state-level firearm legislation depends upon particular characteristics of counties. The researchers conducted a secondary analysis utilizing a variety of archived external government and census sources.
The Study's Dataset Include two Stata Files:

CJRC_firearms_research.dta (95 Variables, 129,027 Cases)
state_law_data.dta (19 Variables, 2,168 Cases)


Tags: assault, assault-weapons, firearms, gun-control-legislation, gun-legislation, gun-ownership, gun-regulation, gun-use, legislation, mass-murders, murder, offenses, robbery, violence, weapons
Organization: Department of Justice