AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Spatial Configuration of Places Related to Homicide Events in Washington, DC, 1990-2002

 The purpose of this research was to further understanding of why crime occurs where it does by exploring the spatial etiology of homicides that occurred in Washington, DC, during the 13-year period 1990-2002. 
 The researchers accessed records from the case management system of the Metropolitan Police, District of Columbia (MPDC) Homicide Division to collect data regarding offenders and victims associated with the homicide cases. Using geographic information systems (GIS) software, the researchers geocoded the addresses of the incident location, the victim's residence, and offender's residence for each homicide case. They then calculated both Euclidean distance and shortest path distance along the streets between each address per case. Upon applying the concept of triad as developed by Block et al. (2004) in order to create a unit of analysis for studying the convergence of victims and offenders in space, the researchers categorized the triads according to the geometry of locations associated with each case. (Dots represented homicides in which the victim and offender both lived in the residence where the homicide occurred; lines represented homicides that occurred in the home of either the victim or the offender; and triangles represented three non-coincident locations: the separate residences of the victim and offender, as well as the location of the homicide incident.) The researchers then classified each triad according to two separate mobility triangle classification schemes: Traditional Mobility, based on shared or disparate social areas, and Distance Mobility, based on relative distance categories between locations. Finally, the researchers classified each triad by the neighborhood associated with the location of the homicide incident, the location of the victim's residence, and the location of the offender's residence. 
 A total of 3 statistical datasets and 7 geographic information systems (GIS) shapefiles resulted from this study. Note: All datasets exclude open homicide cases. The statistical datasets consist of Offender Characteristics (Dataset 1) with 2,966 cases; Victim Characteristics (Dataset 2) with 2,311 cases; and Triads Data (Dataset 3) with 2,510 cases. The GIS shapefiles have been grouped into a zip file (Dataset 4). Included are point data for homicide locations, offender residences, triads, and victim residences; line data for streets in the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia; and polygon data for neighborhood clusters in the District of Columbia. 

Tags: crime-mapping, domestic-violence, drug-related-crimes, firearms, firearms-deaths, geographic-information-systems, homicide, mapping, murder, neighborhoods, offenders, police-records, robbery, urban-crime, victims, violence, violent-crime
Organization: Department of Justice
Repeat and Multiple Violent Victimization: Nested Analysis of Men and Women Using the National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS), United States, 1994-1996


These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they there received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except of the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompany readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collections and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.


This study was a secondary analysis of National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS) data from Violence and Threats of Violence Against Women and Men in the United States, 1994-1996 (ICPSR 2566 - http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR02566.v1). This analysis examined the levels and patterns of repeat and multiple violent victimization, and their effects. Distributed here are the codes used to create the datasets and preform the secondary analysis. Please refer to the User Guide, distributed with this study, for more information.


Tags: abuse, assault, assault-and-battery, child-abuse, domestic-assault, domestic-violence, emotional-abuse, fear, fear-of-crime, mental-health, rape, sex-offenses, sexual-abuse, sexual-assault, stalking, threats, victimization, victims
Organization: Department of Justice
Collecting DNA at Arrest: Policies, Practices, and Implications, in 28 States, 2005-2012

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.
This study examined arrestee DNA laws (laws that allowed testing of arrestees DNA pre-adjudication), their implementation in the field and their subsequent effects on agency operations as well as their success in aiding investigations in the 28 states that have these laws. The study investigated five specific questions: 
What states have passed legislation authorizing the collection of DNA from arrestees?
How do the laws and policies regarding collecting DNA from arrestees differ by state?
How have the courts ruled on these new laws?
How have arrestee DNA laws been implemented in each state?
What has been the impact of requiring DNA collection from arrestees on state crime laboratories and other involved agencies?
What evidence is available to determine the effects of collecting DNA from arrestees on public safety or other criminal justice outcomes?
To answer these questions, researchers used a mixed methods data collection plan, including reviewing relevant statutes and case law, interviewing state and federal Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) laboratory staff and other forensic experts, and collecting descriptive data from state laboratories.

Tags: arrest-procedures, crime-laboratories, databases, dna-testing, evidence, policy-analysis
Organization: Department of Justice
The Impact of Juvenile Correctional Confinement on the Transition to Adulthood and Desistance from Crime, 1994-2008 [United States]


These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.


To assess "double transition" (the transition from confinement to community in addition to the transition from adolescence to adulthood), the study used nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to compare psychosocial maturity for three groups: approximately 162 adolescents placed in correctional confinement, 398 young adults who reported an arrest before age 18 but no juvenile correctional confinement, and 11,614 youths who reported no arrests before age 18.


Three dimensions of psychosocial maturity (responsibility, temperance, and perspective) were assessed at Waves 1 (baseline) and Wave 3 (post-confinement) in models assessing the effects of confinement on the attainment (or non-attainment) of markers of successful transition to adulthood at Wave 4.


Results were contextualized with data from the Survey of Youth in Residential Facilities and discussed with respect to the role of confinement in interrupting the development of psychosocial maturity in the transition to adulthood and for young adult attainment more generally.


There are no data files available with this study.  Only syntax files used by the researchers are provided.


Tags: adolescents, alcohol-consumption, citizenship, demographic-characteristics, drug-use, educational-background, emotional-problems, employment, family-background, juvenile-offenders, marriage, property-crimes, responsibility, self-esteem, violence, violent
Organization: Department of Justice
Is Burglary a Crime of Violence? An Analysis of National Data 1998-2007 [United States]

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. 
This study was a secondary analysis of data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)  and National Incidents Based Reporting System (NIBRS) for the period 1998-2007. The analysis calculates two separate measures of the incidents of violence that occurred during burglaries. The study addressed the following research questions:
Is burglary a violent crime? 
Are different levels of violence associated with residential versus nonresidential burglaries? 
How frequently is a household member present during a residential burglary?
How frequently does violence occur in the commission of a burglary?
What forms does burglary-related violence take? 
Are there differences in rates of violence between attempted and completed burglaries?
What constitutes the crime of burglary in current statutory law?
 How do the federal government and the various states define burglary (grades and elements)?
 Does statutory law comport with empirical observations of what the typical characteristics of acts of burglary are? 
The SPSS code distributed here alters an existing dataset drawn from pre-existing studies. In order to use this code users must first create the original data file drawn from National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and National Incidents Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data from the period of 1998-2007. All data used for this study are publicly available through ICPSR. See the variable description section for a comprehensive list of, and direct links to, all datasets used to create this original dataset. 

Tags: burglary, federal-offenses, nonviolent-crime, policy, violence, violent-crime
Organization: Department of Justice
Examining Prosecutorial Decision-Making Across Federal District Courts, 2000-2009 [UNITED STATES]


These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.


This study utilized data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics on federal criminal case processing to study jurisdictional variations in prosecutorial decision-making outcomes. It linked information across multiple federal agencies in order to track individual offenders across the various stages of the federal justice system. Specifically, it combined arrest information from the United States Marshall's Service with charging information from the Executive and Administrative Offices of the United States Attorney and with sentencing information from the United States Sentencing Commission. These individual data were subsequently augmented with additional information on federal courts to examine contextual variations in charging decisions across federal jurisdictions.


There are three data files.  Dataset 1 (Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA) and United States Marshals Service (USMS) Data) contains 88 variables and 284,869 cases.  Dataset 2 (Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC) and United States Sentencing Commission (USSC) Data) contains 717 variables and 256,598 cases.  Dataset 3 (United States District Court Characteristics Data) contains 6 variables and 89 cases.


Only Dataset 3 is being released as part of the available study materials.  Datasets 1 and 2 can be re-created using the syntax files which are included in the study materials.


Tags: administration, arrest-records, arrests, court-cases, criminal-law, defendants, district-courts, federal-courts, federal-offenses, federal-prisoners, judicial-decisions, legal-systems, offenders, offenses, prosecution, sentencing-guidelines, trial-courts
Organization: Department of Justice
Immigration, Marriage and Desistance from Crime, 1997-2009 [United States]

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. 
This study is an analysis of 13 waves of data retrieved from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 survey (NLSY97) in order to examine the influence of marriage on immigrant offending trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood.  There were three specific research questions considered:
 Are second generation immigrants entering into marriage at a slower pace than their first generation immigrant peers?
What role does marriage play in understanding immigrant offending?
Is the relationship between marriage and offending affected by immigrant generation or country/region of birth (i.e., nativity)? 
Distributed here is the code used for the secondary analysis and the code to compile the datasets. 

Tags: crime-prediction, delinquent-behavior, immigration, marriage, place-of-birth, poverty, youths
Organization: Department of Justice
Race and Drug Arrests: Specific Deterrence and Collateral Consequences, 1997-2009


These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.


This study examines several explanations for the observed racial/ethnic disparities in drug arrests, the consequences of drug arrest on subsequent drug offending and social bonding, and whether these consequences vary by race/ethnicity. The study is a secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97).

 Distributed here are the codes used for the secondary analysis and the code to compile the datasets. Please refer to the codebook appendix for instructions on how to obtain all the data used in this study.


Tags: arrest-rates, crime-reduction, criminal-justice-policy, criminal-justice-system, deterrence, drug-law-enforcement, drug-law-offenses, drug-laws, drug-offenders, drugs, minorities, policy-analysis, race
Organization: Department of Justice
United States Firearm Transfer Analysis (2005-2010)


These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.


This study examines the increase in firearm background checks and the increase in firearm transfer and permit application denials. The study is a secondary analysis, primarily of data already available through public sources. Distributed here are the code used for the secondary analysis and the data not otherwise available through other public means. Please refer to the readme file, distributed with this study, for a list of instructions on how to obtain all other data used in this study.


Tags: federal-regulations, firearms, law, regulation, state-regulations
Organization: Department of Justice
Homeland Security in Small Law Enforcement Jurisdictions: Preparedness, Efficacy, and Proximity to Big-City Peers, 2011

The Homeland Security in Small Law Enforcement Jurisdictions study drew upon data collected from 350 small (1-25 full time sworn officers) law enforcement agencies nationwide to address four gaps in the homeland security research literature and clarify/expand upon an empirically-derived model of homeland security preparedness and organizational efficacy.


Whether physical and relational proximity to large agency peers facilitates the development of homeland security preparedness and improves perceptions of organizational efficacy (the capacity of an organization to respond) in small agencies and, conversely, whether the geographic isolation of small, rural agencies inhibits homeland security efforts.
Whether efficacy of efforts to enhance homeland security is not just a function of perceived/actual risk or funding, but also other "institutional pressures", such as books and journal publications, as well as conferences, training, and other professional networks and channels.
Assessments of preparedness outcomes through "organizational efficacy", the perception about the organization's ability to accomplish its goals.
The lack of theoretical context, such as contingency and institutional theory frameworks, used to examine data on preparedness and organizational efficacy.



Tags: disasters, emergencies, emergency-preparedness, law-enforcement, national-security, perceptions, public-safety, risk, security, terrorism, terrorist-attacks
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of GPS Monitoring Technologies and Domestic Violence in the United States, 2001-2009

This study examines the implementation and effectiveness of Global Positioning System (GPS) monitoring technology to enforce court mandated "no contact" orders in domestic violence (DV) cases, particularly those involving intimate partner violence (IPV). The project has two components: First, a national web-based survey of agencies providing pretrial supervision examined patterns of GPS usage among electronic monitoring (EM) programs for DV cases. Second, a quasi-experimental design study of three sites across the U.S. - referred to as Midwest, West, and South - examined the impact of GPS technology on DV defendants' program violations and rearrests during the pre-adjudication period (referred to as the "short term"), and during a one-year follow-up period after case disposition (referred to as the "long term").

Tags: domestic-assault, domestic-violence, electronic-monitoring, electronic-surveillance, pretrial-procedures, pretrial-release, restraining-orders, victim-safety
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of Camera Use to Prevent Crime in Commuter Parking Facilities within the Washington Metro Area Transit Authority (WMATA) Parking Facilities, 2004-2009

 This study sought to identify what parking facility characteristics and management practices within the Washington Metro Transit Police (MTP) might create opportunities for crime, analyze those findings in relation to past crimes, and identify promising crime reduction strategies. The project consisted of three main research components: (1) identification of the
magnitude of car crime in commuter parking facilities and possible strategies for prevention of such car crime; (2) identification and implementation of a crime prevention strategy; and (3) evaluation of the strategy's effectiveness.  In partnership with the MTP staff, the research team created a blocked randomized experimental design involving 50 matched pairs of commuter
parking facilities in which a combination of live and dummy digital cameras were deployed, along with accompanying signage, at the exits of one randomly selected facility from each pairing. After a period of 12 months following camera implementation, the research team analyzed the impact of the cameras on crime occurring in and around Metro's parking facilities.

Tags: burglary, commuting-travel, crime-control, larceny, surveillance, vandalism, vehicles
Organization: Department of Justice
Examination of South Carolina's Sex Offender Registration and Notification (SORN) Policy in Reducing Sexual Violence, 1990-2005

This study examined the effects of comprehensive registration and community notification policies on rates of sexual violence in South Carolina. Specifically, it proposed to (1) evaluate whether broad sex offender registration and notification policies have reduced recidivism or deterred new sexual offenses, (2) examine whether unintended effects of broad registration and notification policies occurred, and (3) focus on the effects of registration and notification as it pertained to offenses committed by adults.
The study examined whether the introduction of sex offender registration and notification laws in South Carolina were associated with reductions in sexual crimes and, if so, whether this reduction could be attributed to an actual reduction in sexual violence and/or recidivism (i.e., an intended effect) or to changes in criminal judicial processing of individuals for registry crimes (i.e., an unintended effect).


Specific study aims included examining whether: (1) South Carolina registration and notification policies had the intended effect of preventing first time sexual offending; (2) South Carolina registration and notification policies had the intended effect of reducing sexual recidivism for known sex offenders; and (3) South Carolina registration and notification policies had the unintended effect of reducing the probability that individuals who committed sexual crimes would be prosecuted or convicted for such crimes. In addition to these primary aims, the researchers also investigated (4) registration violations (e.g., failure to register) were associated with sexual or general recidivism.


Tags: assault, crime, crime-prevention, crime-rates, crime-reduction, criminal-histories, deterrence, judicial-decisions, recidivism, sex-offender-registration, sex-offenders
Organization: Department of Justice
Estimating Human Trafficking into the United States [Phase I: Development of a Methodology]

This research project developed and fully documented a method to estimate the number of females and males trafficked for the purposes of sexual and labor exploitation from eight countries (Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela) into the United States at the Southwest border. The model utilizes only open source data. This research represents the first phase of a two-phase project and Provides a conceptual framework for identifying potential data sources to estimate the number of victims at different stages in traffickingDevelops statistical models to estimate the number of males and females at risk of being trafficked for sexual and labor exploitation from the eight countries, and the number of males and females actually trafficked for sex and laborIncorporates into the estimation models the transit journey of trafficking victims from the eight countries to the southwest border of the United StatesDesigns the estimation models such that they are highly flexible and modular so that they can evolve as the body of data expands Utilizes open source data as inputs to the statistical model, making the model accessible to anyone interested in using itPresents preliminary estimates that illustrate the use of the statistical methodsIlluminates gaps in data sources. The data included in this collection are the open source data which were primarily used in the models to estimate the number of males and females at risk of being trafficked.

Tags: exploitation, human-rights, human-trafficking, prostitution, sex-trafficking, sexual-exploitation, slavery, smuggling, victimization
Organization: Department of Justice