AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Early Identification of the Chronic Offender, [1978-1980:  California]

Patterns of adult criminal behavior are examined in this 
 data collection. Data covering the adult years of peak criminal 
 activity (from approximately 18 to 26 years of age) were obtained from 
 samples of delinquent youths who had been incarcerated in three 
 California Youth Authority institutions during the 1960s: Preston, 
 Fricot, and the Northern California Youth Center. Data were obtained 
 from three sources: official arrest records of the California Bureau of 
 Criminal Investigation and Identification (CII), supplementary data 
 from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the California Bureau of 
 Vital Statistics. Follow-up data were collected between 1978 and 1981. 
 There are two files per sample site. The first is a background data 
 file containing information obtained while the subjects were housed in 
 Youth Authority institutions, and the second is a follow-up history 
 offense file containing data from arrest records. Each individual is 
 identified by a unique ID number, which is the same in the background 
and offense history files.

Tags: arrests, crime, crime-prevention, criminal-justice-system, juvenile-delinquency, united-states
Organization: Department of Justice
Rural and Urban Trends in Family and Intimate Partner Homicide in the United States, 1980-1999

This research project examined rural and urban trends in
family and intimate partner homicide for the 20-year period from 1980
through 1999. The construct of place served as a backdrop against
which changes in trends in family/partner homicide were tracked, and
against which various independent measures that purportedly explain
variation in the rates were tested. The project merged data from
several sources. The offender data file from the Federal Bureau of
Investigation's (FBI) Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR) series for
1980 through 1999 was the primary data source. Data for arrests for
violent crime, drug, and alcohol-related offenses were obtained from
the FBI Report A Arrest File. Population, population density, and race
(and racial segregation) data from the decennial U.S. Census for 1980,
1990, and 2000 were also obtained. Data on hospitals, educational
attainment, unemployment, and per capita income were obtained from the
2002 Area Resource File (ARF). The total number of proprietors (farm
and non-farm) in the United States by state and county for each year
were provided by the Regional Economic Profiles data. The project's
population and proximity indicator used four categories: metropolitan,
nonmetropolitan populations adjacent to a metropolitan area,
nonmetropolitan populations not adjacent to a metropolitan area, and
rural. Data include homicide rates for 1980 through 1999 for intimate
partner homicide, family homicide, all other homicide, and all
homicide. Additional variables are included as measures of community
socioeconomic distress, such as residential overcrowding, isolation,
traditionalist views of women and family, lack of access to health
care, and substance abuse. Five-year averages are included for each of
the rates and measures listed above.

Tags: crime-patterns, family-violence, intimate-partner-violence, murder, population-characteristics, population-trends, rural-crime
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of the Bureau of Justice Assistance Mental Health Court Initiative at Seven Sites in the United States, 2003-2004

This study evaluated seven mental health courts that were
partially funded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance. Data were
collected on 285 formal referrals to the seven courts between November
1, 2003, and January 31, 2004. For every referral, court staff completed
a one-page questionnaire that covered (1) identification of the
referring agent, (2) characteristics of the referred person, including
age, gender, race, criminal charges, and type of mental disorder, and
(3) the disposition decision.

Tags: courts, mental-disorders, mental-health
Organization: Department of Justice
Measure 11 Sentencing Reform in Oregon: Implementation and System Impact, 1990-1999

This study explored the implementation and impact of
Measure 11 (passed by Oregon voters in 1994), which imposed long
mandatory prison terms for 16 designated violent and sex-related
offenses, prohibited "earned time," and provided for mandatory waiver
of youthful offenders to adult court. Measure 11 penalties were longer
than those imposed under sentencing guidelines. Juveniles aged 15
years or older were also subject to the measure. The researchers
addressed the implementation and impact of the measure on prosecution,
sentencing, and convictions, both statewide and in three separate
counties based on the Oregon Criminal Justice Commission (OCJC) data
and the Oregon Department of Corrections (DOC) data. Variables
include offender characteristics, plea trial information, number of
convictions, prison term for convictions, severity of offense,
M11-eligible and alternate offense, and description of most severe
offense.

Tags: arson, assault, kidnapping, manslaughter, murder, robbery, sentencing-guidelines, sentencing-reforms, sex-offenses
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of the Tribal Strategies Against Violence (TSAV) Initiative in Four Tribal Sites in the United States, 1995-1999

This study evaluated the Tribal Strategies Against Violence
 (TSAV) Initiative. The TSAV was a federal-tribal partnership, lasting
 from 1995 to 1999, designed to develop comprehensive strategies in
 tribal communities to reduce crime, violence, and substance abuse.
 This study involved four of the seven TSAV sites: the Chickasaw Nation
 in Oklahoma, Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes in Montana, the
 Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians in Michigan, and
 the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians in North Dakota. A survey
 of TSAV stakeholders at the four sites was conducted in the summer and
 fall of 1999. The objectives of the survey were to gauge TSAV
 stakeholders' perceptions about the following: (1) the serious crime,
 violence, and quality of life issues in each community and the extent
 to which the local TSAV initiative had addressed those issues, (2) the
 intent and ultimate outcomes of the TSAV program, (3) obstacles to
 successful implementation of TSAV activities, and (4) decision-making
 processes used in planning and implementing TSAV locally. Offense data
 were also gathered at the Fort Peck site for 1995 to 1998 and at the
Grand Traverse Band site for 1997 to 1999.

Tags: communities, crime-reduction, evaluation, native-americans, quality-of-life, substance-abuse, violence
Organization: Department of Justice
Spatial Analysis of Rare Crimes:  Homicides in Chicago, Illinois, 1989-1991

This project's main goal was to develop an analytical
 framework that could be used for analysis of rare crimes observed at
 local (intra-city) levels of geographic aggregation. To demonstrate the
 application of this framework to a real-world issue, this project
 analyzed the occurrence of different types of homicide at both the
 census tract and neighborhood cluster level in Chicago. Homicide counts
 for Chicago's 865 census tracts for 1989-1991 were obtained from
 HOMICIDES IN CHICAGO, 1965-1995 (ICPSR 6399), Part 1: Victim Level Data.
 The types of homicide examined were gang-related, instrumental,
 family-related expressive, known person expressive, stranger expressive,
 and other. Demographic and socioeconomic data at the census tract level
 for the year 1990 were obtained from the Neighborhood Change Database
 (NCDB) at the Urban Institute. Part 1 contains these data, as initially
 obtained, at the census tract level. Part 2 contains an aggregated
 version of the same data for Chicago's 343 neighborhood clusters as
defined by the Project on Human Development in Chicago's Neighborhoods.

Tags: census-tract-level, crime-patterns, homicide, neighborhoods
Organization: Department of Justice
North Carolina Highway Traffic Study, 2000-2001

This study investigated whether the North Carolina State
Highway Patrol (NCSHP) practiced racial profiling. The NCSHP provided
data on all vehicular stops (Parts 1 and 2), written warnings (Part
3), and citations (Part 4) its officers issued in 2000. This included
data on what the stops or tickets were for, the race, sex, and age of
the driver, and the make, model, and year of the car being driven.
Data on accidents in 2000 (Part 5), also obtained from the NCSHP, were
used to examine whether there were racial disparities in unsafe
driving practices. These data included information about what caused
the accident and the race, sex, and age of the driver. The NCSHP also
supplied data on all officers who worked for the NCSHP in 2000 (Part
6), including their race, age, and rank. The data in Part 6 can be
linked to the data in Parts 3 and 4. In addition, two surveys of North
Carolina drivers were conducted to gather information on reported
typical driving behaviors that may influence the probability of being
stopped, and to gather information about stops conducted by law
enforcement agencies across the state. One was conducted using a
sample of North Carolina drivers who had recently renewed their
licenses (Part 7), and the other used a sample of North Carolina
drivers who were ticketed for speeding between June 1, 1999, and June
1, 2000 (Part 8).

Tags: driving-habits, highways, police, racial-discrimination, traffic-accidents, traffic-offenses
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of Waiver Effects in Maryland, 1998-2000

The purpose of this research was to assist policymakers in
 determining if the targeted youths affected by the waiver laws passed
 by the Maryland legislature in 1994 and 1998 were being processed as
 intended. The waiver laws were enacted to ensure that a youth who was
 unwilling to comply with treatment and/or committed a serious offense
 would have a serious consequence to his/her action and, therefore,
 would be processed in the adult system. As a result of the
 legislation, four pathways of court processing emerged which created
 four groups of youths to study: at-risk of waiver (not waived),
 waiver, legislative waiver, and reverse waver. A variety of data
 sources in both the juvenile and adult systems were triangulated to
 obtain the necessary information to accurately describe the youths
 involved. The triangulation of data from multiple file sources
 happened in a variety of formats (automated, hardcopy, and electronic
 files) from a variety of agencies to compare and contrast youths
 processed in the juvenile and adult systems. The five legislative
 criteria (age, mental and physical condition, amenability to
 treatment, crime seriousness, and public safety) plus extra-legal data
 were used as a framework to profile the youths in this study. Many of
 the variables chosen to explore each domain were included in previous
 studies. Other variables, such as those designed to operationalize
 mental health issues (not defined by the legislation) were chosen to
 extend the literature and to generate the most complete profile of
 youths processed in each system. The study includes variables
 pertinent to the five legislative criteria in addition to demographic
 and family information variables such as gender, race, and
 socioeconomic status, information on school expulsions, school
 suspensions, gang involvement, drug history, health, and
hospitalization.

Tags: courts, jurisdiction, juvenile-offenders, prediction, prosecution
Organization: Department of Justice
National Evaluation of the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant Program, 1998-2002

This study examined the operation of the Juvenile
Accountability Incentive Block Grant program (JAIBG) from fiscal years
1998 through 2000. In order to describe how states implemented the
JAIBG program, this study examined the program's effects on state and
local juvenile justice policies and practices, which included studying
how states awarded the grant funds to localities and for what
purposes, and an assessment of how states changed their policies and
practices during this period. Variables in Part 1 (Juvenile
Accountability Incentive Block Grant (JAIBG) Subgrant Follow-Up
Information Form Data) provide grant information, jurisdiction type,
planning typology of state, amount of funds budgeted for
administrative purposes, and for each of 12 purpose areas, total
amount of funds spent in subgrant, and number of the various entities
involved in juvenile crime prevention. Variables in Part 2 (Fiscal
Year 1998 Supplemental Programmatic Information Form Data) provide
grant information, jurisdiction type, planning typology of state, type
of program, primary purpose of funded programs in each of the 12
purpose areas (if the funds supported a new program in that purpose
area), as well as allocation of funds and total funds in each purpose
area. Variables in Parts 3-5 (Perceptions and Attitudes About the
JAIBG Program Survey Data for JAIBG Subgrant Recipients, Perceptions
and Attitudes About the JAIBG Program Survey Data for State Juvenile
Crime Enforcement Coalition (JCEC) Members, and Perceptions and
Attitudes About the JAIBG Program Survey Data for Local Juvenile Crime
Enforcement Coalition (JCEC) Members) provide state, planning typology
of state, and recipient's professional affiliations (by category). The
surveys also included questions to measure the recipient's
satisfaction with the JAIBG program and the funding received. Data
available in this collection were obtained from the following two
sources: (1) data collected by Follow-Up Information Forms (FIFs) for
fiscal years 1998, 1999, and 2000 (Part 1), and (2) mail survey data
collected by Abt Associates Inc., which included: programmatic and
financial data for a sample of fiscal year 1998 programs (Part 2),
attitudinal and opinion surveys of a sample of subgrant recipients
(Part 3), state Juvenile Crime Enforcement Coalition (JCEC) members
(Part 4), and a sample of local JCEC members (Part 5).

Tags: attitudes, funding, grants, juvenile-justice, perceptions, process-evaluation, satisfaction
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of the Lexington County, South Carolina, Domestic Violence Court, 1997-2002

A separate Criminal Domestic Violence Court (CDVC) was
established in Lexington County, South Carolina, in November 1999, to
hold perpetrators of domestic violence accountable through increasing
fines and jail time and to place a strong emphasis on mandatory
batterer treatment programs. The CDVC was a specialized court that
combined the efforts of law enforcement, judges, prosecutors, mental
health professionals, and victim advocates to improve the safety of
domestic violence victims and hold offenders accountable. The
researchers undertook to evaluate and measure the extent to which the
CDVC was successful in implementing its goals. For the process
evaluation, interviews were conducted in 2002 with 50 victims and 50
defendants to examine their overall level of satisfaction with the
court process, their perceptions of procedural justice, and their
recommendations for improving the CDVC process. Interviews were
conducted in person using structured questions immediately after a
case was heard. The outcome evaluation consisted of two methods of
data collection. A time series intervention analysis examined the
monthly frequency of criminal domestic violence for the years 1997
through 2001. Criminal domestic violence cases were compared for the
34 months before the establishment of the CDVC (January 1997 to
October 1999) and the first 26 months following its implementation
(November 1999 to December 2001). Additionally, in an effort to
examine the impact of the Lexington County Criminal Domestic Violence
Court on individual case outcomes, a recidivism analysis was conducted
on a random sample of 400 criminal domestic violence cases. Of these
cases, 200 were control cases drawn from the Lexington County
Sheriff's Department's arrest database for the period January 1997 to
June 1999, and 200 were treatment cases comprised of domestic violence
arrest cases that occurred between December 1999 and December 2000 and
processed through CDVC. Variables in Part 1 (Victim Interview Data)
and Part 2 (Defendant Interview Data) included responses to structured
interview questions about the victims' and offenders' perceptions of
various aspects of the court process, whether they felt treated with
dignity and respect, and their overall impression of the CDVC response
to domestic violence. Variables in Part 3 (Monthly Arrest Data)
include court period, month, and frequency of monthly domestic
violence arrests, monthly simple assault arrests, and monthly
aggravated assault arrests. Variables in Part 4 (Recidivism Data)
include race, age, and gender of offender, employment status, booking
date, days in jail prior to trial, number of charges pending, number
of prior domestic violence offenses, date of first re-arrest,
recidivism within first year and a half, days free of arrest, if
defendant was diverted to pretrial intervention, and the amount of the
fine.

Tags: domestic-violence, offenders, outcome-evaluation, process-evaluation, recidivism, victim-safety
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of the Midtown Community Court in New York City, 1992-1994

In October 1993, the Midtown Community Court opened as a
three-year demonstration project designed to forge links with the
community in developing a problem-solving approach to quality-of-life
offenses. The problems that this community-based courthouse sought to
address were specific to the court's midtown New York City location:
high concentration of quality-of-life crimes, broad community
dissatisfaction with court outcomes, visible signs of disorder, and
clusters of persistent high-rate offenders with serious problems,
including addiction and homelessness. This study was conducted to
evaluate how well the new court was able to dispense justice locally
and whether the establishment of the Midtown Community Court made a
difference in misdemeanor case processing. Data were collected at two
time periods for a comparative analysis. First, a baseline dataset
(Part 1, Baseline Data) was constructed from administrative records,
consisting of a ten-percent random sample of all nonfelony
arraignments in Manhattan during the 12 months prior to the opening of
the Midtown Community Court. Second, comparable administrative data
(Part 2, Comparison Data) were collected from all cases arraigned at
the Midtown Court during its first 12 months of operation, as well as
from a random sample of all downtown nonfelony arraignments held
during this same time period. Both files contain variables on precinct
of arrest, arraignment type, charges, bonds, dispositions, sentences,
total number of court appearances, and total number of warrants
issued, as well as prior felony and misdemeanor
convictions. Demographic variables include age, sex, and race of
offender.

Tags: addiction, case-processing, communities, courts, homelessness, misdemeanor-offenses, offenders, quality-of-life
Organization: Department of Justice
Evaluation of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation Cognitive Skills Development Program Implemented in Juvenile Intensive Supervision Probation in Colorado, 1994-1995

This study was a program evaluation of the Reasoning and
 Rehabilitation Cognitive Skills Development Program, an educational
 program that taught cognitive skills to offenders, as implemented in
 juvenile intensive supervision probation in Colorado. Using an
 experimental design, researchers sought to measure the extent of
 change in attitudes and behaviors due to the cognitive skills program
 by administering pre- and post-test interviews. Researchers also
 measured recidivism by conducting interviews with probation officers
 who supervised the offenders in the sample six months after
 termination from intensive supervision. These interviews were
 supplemented with administrative records data that provided background
 information about the sample. In addition, administrative data were
 collected on all juveniles sentenced to intensive supervision during
 fiscal years 1994 and 1995 to compare juveniles in the sample with all
 juveniles in the intensive program. Variables in this collection
 include cognitive measures, such as impulsivity, problem-solving
 ability, egocentricity, and cognitive style. Other variables measure
 emotional responses to various situations, attitudes toward the law,
 values, drug abuse, program participation, and
 recidivism. Administrative data include age, gender, ethnicity,
offense of conviction, and basic assessment data.

Tags: educational-programs, juvenile-offenders, probation, program-evaluation, recidivism
Organization: Department of Justice
School Culture, Climate, and Violence: Safety in Middle Schools of the Philadelphia Public School System, 1990-1994

This study was designed to explore school culture and
climate and their effects on school disorder, violence, and academic
performance on two levels. At the macro level of analysis, this
research examined the influences of sociocultural, crime, and school
characteristics on aggregate-level school violence and academic
performance measures. Here the focus was on understanding community,
family, and crime compositional effects on disruption and violence in
Philadelphia schools. This level included Census data and crime rates
for the Census tracts where the schools were located (local data), as
well as for the community of residence of the students (imported data)
for all 255 schools within the Philadelphia School District. The
second level of analysis, the intermediate level, included all of the
variables measured at the macro level, and added school organizational
structure and school climate, measured with survey data, as mediating
variables. Part 1, Macro-Level Data, contains arrest and offense data
and Census characteristics, such as race, poverty level, and household
income, for the Census tracts where each of the 255 Philadelphia
schools is located and for the Census tracts where the students who
attend those schools reside. In addition, this file contains school
characteristics, such as number and race of students and teachers,
student attendance, average exam scores, and number of suspensions for
various reasons. For Part 2, Principal Interview Data, principals from
all 42 middle schools in Philadelphia were interviewed on the number
of buildings and classrooms in their school, square footage and
special features of the school, and security measures. For Part 3,
teachers were administered the Effective School Battery survey and
asked about their job satisfaction, training opportunities,
relationships with principals and parents, participation in school
activities, safety measures, and fear of crime at school. In Part 4,
students were administered the Effective School Battery survey and
asked about their attachment to school, extracurricular activities,
attitudes toward teachers and school, academic achievement, and fear
of crime at school. Part 5, Student Victimization Data, asked the same
students from Part 4 about their victimization experiences, the
availability of drugs, and discipline measures at school. It also
provides self-reports of theft, assault, drug use, gang membership,
and weapon possession at school.

Tags: academic-achievement, communities, crime-in-schools, crime-rates, cultural-influences, families, fear-of-crime, middle-schools, school-principals, school-security, school-violence, schools
Organization: Department of Justice