AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Evolution of gene order conservation in prokaryotes

Background
          As more complete genomes are sequenced, conservation of gene order between different organisms is emerging as an informative property of the genomes. Conservation of gene order has been used for predicting function and functional interactions of proteins, as well as for studying the evolutionary relationships between genomes. The reasons for the maintenance of gene order are still not well understood, as the organization of the prokaryote genome into operons and lateral gene transfer cannot possibly account for all the instances of conservation found. Comprehensive studies of gene order are one way of elucidating the nature of these maintaining forces.
        
        
          Results
          Gene order is extensively conserved between closely related species, but rapidly becomes less conserved among more distantly related organisms, probably in a cooperative fashion. This trend could be universal in prokaryotic genomes, as archaeal genomes are likely to behave similarly to bacterial genomes. Gene order conservation could therefore be used as a valid phylogenetic measure to study relationships between species. Even between very distant species, remnants of gene order conservation exist in the form of highly conserved clusters of genes. This suggests the existence of selective processes that maintain the organization of these regions. Because the clusters often span more than one operon, common regulation probably cannot be invoked as the cause of the maintenance of gene order.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Gene order conservation is a genomic measure that can be useful for studying relationships between prokaryotes and the evolutionary forces shaping their genomes. Gene organization is extensively conserved in some genomic regions, and further studies are needed to elucidate the reason for this conservation.

Tags: gene-order-conservation, genome-evolution, nih, operon-organization, prokaryotic-genomes
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Program Information Report

The Office of Head Start (OHS) Program Information Report (PIR) provides comprehensive data on the services, staff, children, and families served by Head Start and Early Head Start programs nationwide. All grant recipients and delegates are required to submit a PIR for Head Start and Early Head Start programs.

<b>Units of Response: </b>Head Start and Early Head Start Programs and Participants

<b>Type of Data: </b>Administrative

<b>Tribal Data: </b>Yes

<b>COVID-19 Data: </b>Unavailable

<b>Periodicity: </b>Annual

<b>SORN: </b>Not Applicable

<b>Data Use Agreement: </b>Yes

<b>Data Use Agreement Location: </b>https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login

<b>Equity Indicators: </b>Disability;Ethnicity;Housing Status;Indigenous Population;Race

<b>Granularity: </b>Program

<b>Spatial: </b>United States

<b>Geocoding: </b>Unavailable

Tags: head-start
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2008-2010 NSDUH Substate Region Estimates Categorized into Seven Groups by Age Group

This table uses 2008 to 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to assess past year alcohol use disorder and illicit drug use disorder among persons aged 12 or older by 362 substate regions within the 50 States and the District of Columbia. Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE). This table presents age group differences.

Tags: alcohol-use-disorder, major-depressive-episode, mental-health-disorder, samhsa, substance-use-disorder
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
10.8 Million Full-Time Workers Have a Substance Use Disorder (2008 to 2012 NSDUH)

This short report report uses 2008 to 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to assess prevalence of past year substance use disorders by employment status among those aged 18 to 64.

Tags: employment-status, full-time-workers, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use-disorder
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Prevalence and risk factors for vaginal

Background
          Diabetes mellitus increases the rate of vaginal colonization and infection with Candida species
        
        
          Methods
          We surveyed women with diabetes receiving care at either an urban or suburban diabetes clinic to examine the relationship between vaginal Candida colonization, diabetes type and duration, and HbA1c level. 101 participants completed the self-administered questionnaire and self-collected a vaginal swab for Candida culture. Candida colonization was similar by age and race.
        
        
          Results
          Type 1 diabetics were three times as likely as type 2 diabetics to be colonized with any Candida species (OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.03, 11.41; p = 0.04); even after adjusting for abnormal HbA1c, which had an independent effect (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.76; p = 0.02). Recent antibiotic use (OR = 4.5; 95% CI: 1.18, 16.79; p = 0.03), lifetime history of chlamydia (OR = 5.8; 95% CI: 1.09, 30.54; p = 0.04), and performing oral sex during the past 2 weeks (OR = 4.9; 95% CI:0.84, 28.27; p = 0.08) were also associated with Candida carriage after adjusting for diabetic type and abnormal HbA1c. C. albicans was isolated from the majority of colonized type 1 participants (56%), while C. glabrata was the most common isolate among colonized type 2 participants (54%).
        
        
          Conclusions
          Improving glucose control and possibly modifying sexual behavior may reduce risk of Candida colonization, and potentially symptomatic infection, among women with diabetes.

Tags: candida-colonization, diabetes-mellitus, hba1c-level, nih, vaginal-candidiasis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
MID1 and MID2 homo- and heterodimerise to tether the rapamycin-sensitive PP2A regulatory subunit, Alpha 4, to microtubules: implications for the clinical variability of X-linked Opitz GBBB syndrome and other developmental disorders

Background
          Patients with Opitz GBBB syndrome present with a variable array of developmental defects including craniofacial, cardiac, and genital anomalies. Mutations in the X-linked MID1 gene, which encodes a microtubule-binding protein, have been found in ~50% of Opitz GBBB syndrome patients consistent with the genetically heterogeneous nature of the disorder. A protein highly related to MID1, called MID2, has also been described that similarly associates with microtubules.
        
        
          Results
          To identify protein partners of MID1 and MID2 we undertook two separate yeast two-hybrid screens. Using this system we identified Alpha 4, a regulatory subunit of PP2-type phosphatases and a key component of the rapamycin-sensitive signaling pathway, as a strong interactor of both proteins. Analysis of domain-specific deletions has shown that the B-boxes of both MID1 and MID2 mediate the interaction with Alpha 4, the first demonstration in an RBCC protein of a specific role for the B-box region. In addition, we show that the MID1/2 coiled-coil motifs mediate both homo- and hetero-dimerisation, and that dimerisation is a prerequisite for association of the MID-Alpha 4 complex with microtubules.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Our findings not only implicate Alpha 4 in the pathogenesis of Opitz GBBB syndrome but also support our earlier hypothesis that MID2 is a modifier of the X-linked phenotype. Of further note is the observation that Alpha 4 maps to Xq13 within the region showing linkage to FG (Opitz-Kaveggia) syndrome. Overlap in the clinical features of FG and Opitz GBBB syndromes warrants investigation of Alpha 4 as a candidate for causing FG syndrome.

Tags: alpha-4-protein, microtubule-binding-protein, mid1-gene, nih, opitz-gbbb-syndrome
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Measurement of endotoxin activity in critically ill patients using whole blood neutrophil dependent chemiluminescence

Background
          Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is a potent trigger for the release of host-derived inflammatory mediators. The relationship between endotoxaemia, Gram-negative infection and the clinical syndrome of sepsis has been difficult to establish, in part because of the limitations of available endotoxin assays.
        
        
          Methods
          We performed an observational cohort study in critically ill patients in the medical/surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital. Whole blood endotoxin levels on the day of ICU admission were measured using a novel chemiluminescent assay – the endotoxin activity assay (EAA) – and the chromogenic modification of the limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay.
        
        
          Results
          We studied 74 consecutive admissions. Endotoxin levels were higher in patients with a diagnosis of sepsis (470 ± 57 pg/ml) than in patients admitted with a diagnosis other than sepsis (157 ± 140 pg/ml; P < 0.001). Endotoxaemia was significantly associated with Gram-negative infection (P < 0.05); no patient with a Gram-negative infection had an endotoxin level below 50 pg/ml. White blood cell counts of patients with EAA-detected endotoxaemia were significantly higher (15.7 ± 9.1 × 109 cells/l for endotoxaemic patients versus 10.8 ± 6.2 × 109 cells/l for patients without endotoxaemia; P < 0.05).
        
        
          Conclusion
          Endotoxaemia is associated with Gram-negative infection from any source, and with a diagnosis of sepsis and leukocytosis. These correlations were not apparent using the LAL method. The EAA may be a useful diagnostic tool for the investigation of invasive Gram-negative infection and incipient sepsis.

Tags: chemiluminescence-assay, critical-care, endotoxin-activity, nih, sepsis-diagnosis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525438: 3,6-Dithiadecane

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 1-(2-ethylsulfanylethylsulfanyl)butane. Molecular Formula: C8H18S2. Molecular Weight: 178.4. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525226: Chloromethyl 8-chloro-octanoate

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: chloromethyl 8-chlorooctanoate. Molecular Formula: C9H16Cl2O2. Molecular Weight: 227.12. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Development and use of a computer program to detect potentially inappropriate prescribing in older adults residing in Canadian long-term care facilities

Background
          Inappropriate prescribing has been estimated to be as high as 40% in long-term care. The purpose of this study was to develop a computer program that identifies potentially inappropriate drug prescriptions and to test its reliability.
        
        
          Methods
          Potentially inappropriate prescriptions were identified based on modified McLeod guidelines. A database from one pharmacy servicing long-term care facilities in Ontario was utilized for this cross-sectional study. Prescription information was available for the 356 long-term care residents and included: the date the prescription was filled, the quantity of drug prescribed and the eight-digit drug identification number. The pharmacy database was linked to the computer-based program for targeting potential inappropriate prescriptions. The computer program's reliability was assessed by comparing its results to a manual search conducted by two independent research assistants.
        
        
          Results
          There was complete agreement between the computer and manual abstraction for the total number of potentially inappropriate prescriptions detected. In total, 83 potentially inappropriate prescriptions were identified. Fifty-three residents (14.9%) received at least one potentially inappropriate prescription. Of those, twenty (37.7%) received two potential inappropriate prescriptions and eight (15.1%) received 3 or more potential inappropriate prescriptions. The most common potential inappropriate prescriptions were identified as long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and tricyclic antidepressants with active metabolites.
        
        
          Conclusion
          A computer program can accurately and automatically detect inappropriate prescribing in residents of long-term care facilities. This tool may be used to identify potentially inappropriate drug combinations and educate health care professionals.

Tags: geriatric-pharmacology, inappropriate-prescribing, long-term-care, medication-review, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Behavioral Health Barometer: Region 4, Volume 7

Explore state and regional data for HHS Region 4 with this user-friendly behavioral health report. It uses data from the 2021-2022 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The topics addressed in this report include substance use, substance use disorders, and mental health. Selected estimates are provided for adolescents aged 12 to 17, underage people aged 12 to 20, adults aged 18 or older, and the general population aged 12 or older. Statistical tests compare population percentages of (1) HHS region versus national estimates, (2) state versus national estimates, and (3) state versus HHS region estimates.

Tags: behavioral-health, mental-health, nsduh-data, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525290: 1-Chloro-2-ethoxyprop-1-ene

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 1-chloro-2-ethoxyprop-1-ene. Molecular Formula: C5H9ClO. Molecular Weight: 120.58. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2016 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for American Samoa

This is the 2016 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for American Samoa. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: american-samoa, block-grant-data, mental-health-services, noms-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Human airway xenograft models of epithelial cell regeneration

Regeneration and restoration of the airway epithelium after mechanical, viral or bacterial injury have a determinant role in the evolution of numerous respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis, asthma and cystic fibrosis. The study in vivo of epithelial regeneration in animal models has shown that airway epithelial cells are able to dedifferentiate, spread, migrate over the denuded basement membrane and progressively redifferentiate to restore a functional respiratory epithelium after several weeks. Recently, human tracheal xenografts have been developed in immunodeficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and nude mice. In this review we recall that human airway cells implanted in such conditioned host grafts can regenerate a well-differentiated and functional human epithelium; we stress the interest in these humanized mice in assaying candidate progenitor and stem cells of the human airway mucosa.

Tags: airway-epithelium, epithelial-regeneration, nih, respiratory-disease, xenograft-model
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Research Article: BMC Cancer

Background
          We previously reported that the α-1 chain of type 11 collagen (COL11A1), not normally expressed in the colon, was up-regulated in stromal fibroblasts in most sporadic colorectal carcinomas. Patients with germline mutations in the APC gene show, besides colonic polyposis, symptoms of stromal fibroblast involvement, which could be related to COL11A1 expression. Most colorectal carcinomas are suggested to be a result of an activated Wnt- pathway, most often involving an inactivation of the APC gene or activation of β-catenin.
        
        
          Methods
          We used normal and polyp tissue samples from one FAP patient and a set of 37 sporadic colorectal carcinomas to find out if the up-regulation of COL11A1 was associated with an active APC/β-catenin pathway.
        
        
          Results
          In this study we found a statistically significant difference in COL11A1 expression between normal tissue and adenomas from one FAP patient, and all adenomas gave evidence for an active APC/β-catenin pathway. An active Wnt pathway has been suggested to involve stromal expression of WISP-1. We found a strong correlation between WISP-1 and COL11A1 expression in sporadic carcinomas.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Our results suggest that expression of COL11A1 in colorectal tumors could be associated with the APC/β-catenin pathway in FAP and sporadic colorectal cancer.

Tags: apc-gene, collagen-col11a1, colorectal-cancer, nih, wnt-pathway
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2023 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table For Georgia

This is the 2023 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Georgia. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence-based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-data, georgia-urs, mental-health-services, noms-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Research Article: Breast Cancer Research

Background
          The contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 to the incidence of male breast cancer (MBC) in the United Kingdom is not known, and the importance of these genes in the increased risk of female breast cancer associated with a family history of breast cancer in a male first-degree relative is unclear.
        
        
          Methods
          We have carried out a population-based study of 94 MBC cases collected in the UK. We screened genomic DNA for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 and used family history data from these cases to calculate the risk of breast cancer to female relatives of MBC cases. We also estimated the contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 to this risk.
        
        
          Results
          Nineteen cases (20%) reported a first-degree relative with breast cancer, of whom seven also had an affected second-degree relative. The breast cancer risk in female first-degree relatives was 2.4 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–4.0) the risk in the general population. No BRCA1 mutation carriers were identified and five cases were found to carry a mutation in BRCA2. Allowing for a mutation detection sensitivity frequency of 70%, the carrier frequency for BRCA2 mutations was 8% (95% CI = 3–19). All the mutation carriers had a family history of breast, ovarian, prostate or pancreatic cancer. However, BRCA2 accounted for only 15% of the excess familial risk of breast cancer in female first-degree relatives.
        
        
          Conclusion
          These data suggest that other genes that confer an increased risk for both female and male breast cancer have yet to be found.

Tags: brca1-brca2-mutations, family-history-risk, genetic-predisposition, male-breast-cancer, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Acetylcholinesterase assay for cerebrospinal fluid using bupivacaine to inhibit butyrylcholinesterase

Background
          Most test systems for acetylcholinesterase activity (E.C.3.1.1.7.) are using toxic inhibitors (BW284c51 and iso-OMPA) to distinguish the enzyme from butyrylcholinesterase (E.C.3.1.1.8.) which occurs simultaneously in the cerebrospinal fluid. Applying Ellman's colorimetric method, we were looking for a non-toxic inhibitor to restrain butyrylcholinesterase activity. Based on results of previous in vitro studies bupivacaine emerged to be a suitable inhibitor.
        
        
          Results
          Pharmacokinetic investigations with purified cholinesterases have shown maximum inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase activity and minimal interference with acetylcholinesterase activity at bupivacaine final concentrations between 0.1 and 0.5 mmol/l. Based on detailed analysis of pharmacokinetic data we developed three equations representing enzyme inhibition at bupivacaine concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mmol/l. These equations allow us to calculate the acetylcholinesterase activity in solutions containing both cholinesterases utilizing the extinction differences measured spectrophotometrically in samples with and without bupivacaine. The accuracy of the bupivacaine-inhibition test could be confirmed by investigations on solutions of both purified cholinesterases and on samples of human cerebrospinal fluid. If butyrylcholinesterase activity has to be assessed simultaneously an independent test using butyrylthiocholine iodide as substrate (final concentration 5 mmol/l) has to be conducted.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The bupivacaine-inhibition test is a reliable method using spectrophotometrical techniques to measure acetylcholinesterase activity in cerebrospinal fluid. It avoids the use of toxic inhibitors for differentiation of acetylcholinesterase from butyrylcholinesterase in fluids containing both enzymes. Our investigations suggest that bupivacaine concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 or 0.5 mmol/l can be applied with the same effect using 1 mmol/l acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate.

Tags: acetylcholinesterase-assay, bupivacaine, butyrylcholinesterase-inhibition, cerebrospinal-fluid, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525478: 4-Methyl-3,5-dithia-7-octene

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 3-(1-ethylsulfanylethylsulfanyl)prop-1-ene. Molecular Formula: C7H14S2. Molecular Weight: 162.3. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
State Child Welfare (SCW) Data Linkages Descriptive Study

The State Child Welfare Data Linkages (SCW) Descriptive Study aims to provide novel information regarding connected (linked or integrated) state data that may be leveraged to improve the ongoing and accurate surveillance of child maltreatment incidence and related risk. The study examined the extent to which child welfare agencies in 50 states, Puerto Rico, and Washington, DC connected administrative data on child maltreatment to other data sources and aimed to learn more about agency practices related to sharing and connecting data. 
The SCW Descriptive Study explored the following research questions:

Investigators: Bradley, M. C., Lee, J., Page, J., Strelevitz, T., & Sutton-Heisey, R.

Tags: abuse, care, ndacan, policy, reporting
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services