AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Trajectory Clustering and an Application to Airspace Monitoring

This paper presents a framework aimed at monitoring
the behavior of aircraft in a given airspace. Trajectories
that constitute typical operations are determined and learned
using data driven methods. Standard procedures are used by air
traffic controllers (ATC) to guide aircraft, ensure the safety of the
airspace, and to maximize the runway occupancy. Even though
standard procedures are used by ATC, the control of the aircraft
remains with the pilots, leading to a large variability in the flight
patterns observed. Two methods to identify typical operations
and their variability from recorded radar tracks are presented.
This knowledge base is then used to monitor the conformance
of current operations against operations previously identified as
typical. A tool called AirTrajectoryMiner is presented, aiming at
monitoring the instantaneous health of the airspace, in real time.
The airspace is “healthy” when all aircraft are flying according
to the typical operations. A measure of complexity is introduced,
measuring the conformance of current flight to typical flight
patterns. When an aircraft does not conform, the complexity
increases as more attention from ATC is required to ensure a
safe separation between aircraft.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
EnviroAtlas - Tacoma, WA - 15m Riparian Buffer Vegetated Cover

This EnviroAtlas dataset describes the percentage of a 15-m riparian buffer that is vegetated. In this community, vegetated land is defined as Trees & Forest, Grass & Herbaceous, Woody Wetlands, and Emergent Wetlands. There is a potential for decreased water quality in areas where the riparian buffer is less vegetated. The displayed line represents the center of the analyzed riparian buffer. The water bodies analyzed include hydrologically connected streams, rivers, connectors, reservoirs, lakes/ponds, ice masses, washes, locks, and rapids within the EnviroAtlas community area. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. This dataset was produced the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. This dataset was produced the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Tags: communities, drinking water, ecosystem, ecosystem services, enviroatlas, environment, environmental atlas, ground water, impact, land cover, natural resources, riparian, surface water, tacoma, wa, washington, water
Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
LAT Low-Energy (LLE) Data

Fermi is a powerful space observatory that will open a wide window on the universe. Gamma rays are the highest-energy form of light, and the gamma-ray sky is spectacularly different from the one we perceive with our own eyes. With a huge leap in all key capabilities, Fermi data will enable scientists to answer persistent questions across a broad range of topics, including supermassive black-hole systems, pulsars, the origin of cosmic rays, and searches for signals of new physics.

Tags: astrophysics, gamma-ray-bursts, gbm, lat, light-arcs, particle-physics, photons, pulsars, solar-flares, space-science
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ATLAS/ICESat-2 L3A Calibrated Backscatter Profiles and Atmospheric Layer Characteristics V006

This data set (ATL09) contains calibrated, attenuated backscatter profiles, layer integrated attenuated backscatter, and other parameters including cloud layer height and atmospheric characteristics obtained from the data. The data were acquired by the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) instrument on board the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) observatory.

Tags: earth-science, lidar, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
BSCW Unstructured Grids - VGRID software FINAL

These grids were constructed using VGRID software from NASA Langley. The grids designed for node based (labeled 'nc') and cell-centered solvers are supplied. Grids with mixed elements (labeled 'mixed') and tetrahedral elements (labeled 'tets') are supplied.

Each mixed elements tar-file contains grid in aflr3 .ugrid format and the corresponding .cgns file. Each tetrahedral elements tar-file contains grid in native VGRID format (.cogsg, .bs, .mapbc) and the corresponding .cgns file.

Some files were too large and had to be split into parts. To combine the parts, use cat filename_part1 filename_part2 > filename.

Grids are in units of 'inch'. Information about grids, that is number of nodes, elements, etc., is provided in AePW_BSCW_Grid_Statistics_VGRID_Final.docx

Please report any issues with these grids to Pawel.Chwalowski@nasa.gov

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VIIRS/NPP Ice Surface Temperature Daily L3 Global 750m EASE-Grid 2.0 Day V002

This data set estimates of sea ice surface temperature (IST) derived from radiance data acquired by the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Following the approach used by MODIS, the algorithm converts VIIRS calibrated radiances into brightness temperature and computes IST using a split-window technique.

VIIRS flies on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite.

Tags: cryosphere, earth-science, sea-ice
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Requirements Flowdown for Prognostics and Health Management

Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) principles have considerable promise to change the game of lifecycle cost of engineering systems at high safety levels by providing a reliable estimate of future system states. This estimate is a key for planning and decision making in an operational setting. While technology solutions have made considerable advances, the tie-in into the systems engineering process is lagging behind, which delays fielding of PHM-enabled systems. The derivation of specifications from high level requirements for algorithm performance to ensure quality predictions is not well developed. From an engineering perspective some key parameters driving the requirements for prognostics performance include: (1) maximum allowable Probability of Failure (PoF) of the prognostic system to bound the risk of losing an asset, (2) tolerable limits on proactive maintenance to minimize missed opportunity of asset usage, (3) lead time to specify the amount of advanced warning needed for actionable decisions, and (4) required confidence to specify when prognosis is sufficiently good to be used. This paper takes a systems engineering view towards the requirements specification process and presents a method for the flowdown process. A case study based on an electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (e-UAV) scenario demonstrates how top level requirements for performance, cost, and safety flow down to the health management level and specify quantitative requirements for prognostic algorithm performance.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Near-Real-Time DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Brightness Temperatures V002

The Near-Real-Time DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Brightness Temperature product provides near-real-time polar stereographic gridded daily brightness temperatures for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Tags: earth-science, microwave, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
THIR/Nimbus-7 Level 1 Calibrated Located Radiation Data at 6.7 and 11.5 microns V001 (THIRN7L1CLDT) at GES DISC

THIRN7L1CLDT is the Nimbus-7 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Level 1 Calibrated Located Radiation Data (CLDT) at 6.7 and 11.5 microns product and contains radiances expressed in units of W/m2/sr measured in the 10.5 - 12.5 (11.5) micron and 6.5 - 7.0 (6.7) micron channels. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic 9-track tapes. The data are archived in their original proprietary format.

The Nimbus-7 satellite was successfully launched on October 28, 1978. The Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) experiment on Nimbus-7 is basically identical to its predecessors flown on Nimbus-4, -5 and -6, except that the data were digitized on board. The THIR instrument is a two channel high resolution scanning radiometer designed to perform two major functions:* The 11.5 micron channel provides both day and night cloud top or surface temperatures. The ground resolution at the sub-point is 6.7 km and operates day and night.* The 6.7 micron channel gives information on the moisture content of the upper troposphere and stratosphere and the location of jet streams and frontal systems. The water vapor channel has a resolution of the sub-point is 20 km and operates mostly at night.

The THIR Principal Investigator was Dr. Larry L. Stowe from NOAA NESDIS. The Nimbus-7 THIR data are available from October 30, 1979 (day of year 303) through May 13, 1985 (day of year 133).

This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00107 (old ID 78-098A-10C).

Tags: earth-science, infrared-wavelengths, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Towards Prognostics of Electrolytic Capacitors

A remaining useful life prediction algorithm and degradation model for electrolytic capacitors is presented. Electrolytic capacitors are used in several applications ranging from power supplies on critical avionics equipment to power drivers for electro-mechanical actuators. These devices are known for their low reliability and given their criticality in electronics subsystems they are a good candidate for component level prognostics and health management research. Prognostics provides a way to assess remaining useful life of a capacitor based on its current state of health and its anticipated future usage and operational conditions. In particular, experimental results of an accelerated aging test under electrical stresses are presented. The capacitors used in this test form the basis for a remaining life prediction algorithm where a model of the degradation process is suggested. This preliminary remaining life prediction algorithm serves as a demonstration of how prognostics methodologies could be used for electrolytic capacitors.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Friedl presentation at CIDU

The land remote sensing community has a long history of using supervised and unsupervised methods to help interpret and analyze remote sensing data sets. Until relatively recently, most remote sensing studies have used fairly conventional image processing and pattern recognition methodologies. In the past decade, NASA has launched a series of remote sensing missions known as the Earth Observing System (EOS). The data sets acquired by EOS instruments provide an extremely rich source of information related to the properties and dynamics of the Earth’s terrestrial ecosystems. However, these data are also characterized by large volumes and complex spectral, spatial and temporal attributes. Because of the volume and complexity of EOS data sets, efficient and effective analysis of them presents significant challenges that are difficult to address using conventional remote sensing approaches. In this paper we discuss results from applying a variety of different data mining approaches to global remote sensing data sets. Specifically, we describe three main problem domains and sets of analyses: (1) supervised classification of global land cover from using data from NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer; (2) the use of linear and non-linear cluster and dimensionality reduction methods to examine coupled climate-vegetation dynamics using a twenty year time series of data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer; and (3) the use of functional models, non-parametric clustering, and mixture models to help interpret and understand the feature space and class structure of high dimensional remote sensing data sets. The paper will not focus on specific details of algorithms. Instead we describe key results, successes, and lessons learned from ten years of research focusing on the use of data mining and machine learning methods for remote sensing and Earth science problems.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VIIRS/JPSS1 Ice Surface Temperature Daily L3 Global 750m EASE-Grid 2.0 Night V002

This data set reports sea ice surface temperature (IST) derived from radiance data acquired by the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Following the approach used by MODIS, the algorithm converts VIIRS calibrated radiances into brightness temperature and computes IST using a split-window technique.

VIIRS flies on board the Joint Polar Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1), also known as NOAA-20.

Tags: cryosphere, earth-science, sea-ice
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OCO-2 Level 2 geolocated XCO2 retrievals results, physical model V11.2 (OCO2_L2_Standard) at GES DISC

Version 11.2 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11.2.

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. This collection is the output from the algorithm retrieving the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction XCO2 and other quantities from the spectra collected by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2).

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-chemistry, earth-science
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
TROPICS03 L1B Orbital Geolocated Native-Resolution Brightness Temperatures V1.0

The "Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats" (TROPICS) mission has a goal of providing nearly all-weather observations of three-dimensional temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal resolution to conduct high-value science investigations of tropical cyclones.  The mission comprises a constellation of six identical Space Vehicles (SVs) conforming to the 3U form factor and hosting a passive microwave spectrometer payload.  This dataset is produced from the Pathfinder satellite, a single 3U small satellite, which has launched previous to the constellation, on a sun-synchronous orbital plane.

Each SV hosts an identical high-performance spectrometer named the TROPICS Millimeter-wave Sounder (TMS) that will provide temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183-GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel near 205 GHz that is more sensitive to cloud-sized ice particles.

Each TROPICS netCDF file contains a granule of data with 81 spots and approximately 2880 scans, where a granule is defined as an orbit's worth of data.

Tags: earth-science, microwave, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Classification of Mars Terrain Using Multiple Data Sources

Classification of Mars Terrain Using Multiple Data Sources

Alan Kraut1, David Wettergreen1

ABSTRACT. Images of Mars are being collected faster than they can be analyzed by planetary
scientists. Automatic analysis of images would enable more rapid and more consistent image
interpretation and could draft geologic maps where none yet exist. In this work we develop a
method for incorporating images from multiple instruments to classify Martian terrain into
multiple types. Each image is segmented into contiguous groups of similar pixels, called
superpixels, with an associated vector of discriminative features. We have developed and
tested several classification algorithms to associate a best class to each superpixel. These
classifiers are trained using three different manual classifications with between 2 and 6 classes.
Automatic classification accuracies of 50 to 80% are achieved in leave-one-out cross-validation
across 20 scenes using a multi-class boosting classifier.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
EnviroAtlas - Des Moines, IA - Estimated Intersection Density of Walkable Roads

This EnviroAtlas dataset estimates the intersection density of walkable roads within a 750 meter radius of any given 10 meter pixel in the community. Intersections are defined as any point where 3 or more roads meet and density is calculated using kernel density, where closer intersections are weighted higher than further intersections. Intersection density is highly correlated with walking for transportation. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Tags: communities, des moines, ecosystem, ecosystem services, enviroatlas, environment, environmental atlas, health, human well-being, ia, iowa, transportation
Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Improving Diagnosability of Hybrid Systems through Active Diagnosis

Fault diagnosis is key to ensuring system safety through fault-adaptive control. This task is diffcult in hybrid systems with combined continuous and discrete behaviors because mode changes make diagnosability hard to achieve. Including additional sensors can improve diagnosability, but that is not always feasible. An alternative strategy is active diagnosis, where we improve the diagnosis result by executing or blocking controllable events. We present a qualitative, event-based approach to active diagnosis of hybrid systems, where we automatically synthesize event-based diagnosers for hybrid systems that can determine if the system is diagnosable through passive or active diagnosis. We apply our active diagnosis scheme to a real-world electrical power distribution system.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-3B OLCI Level-2 Earth-observation Reduced-Resolution (ERR) Inherent Optical Properties (IOP), Near Real-time (NRT) Data, version R2022.0

The Ocean Biology DAAC produces near real-time (quicklook) products using the best-available combination of ancillary data from meteorological and ozone data. As such, the inputs and the calibration used are less than optimal. Quicklook products provide a snapshot of the data during a short time period within a single orbit.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-radiation, earth-science, ocean-optics, oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SWOT Level 2 Water Mask Raster Image Data Product, Version 2.0

The SWOT Level 2 Water Mask Raster Image Data Product from the Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides global surface water elevation and inundation extent derived from high rate (HR) measurements from the Ka-band Radar Interferometer (KaRIn) on SWOT. SWOT launched on December 16, 2022 from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California into a 1-day repeat orbit for the "calibration" or "fast-sampling" phase of the mission, which completed in early July 2023. After the calibration phase, SWOT entered a 21-day repeat orbit in August 2023 to start the "science" phase of the mission, which is expected to continue through 2025. <br>
Water surface elevation, area, water fraction, backscatter, geophysical information are provided in geographically fixed scenes at resolutions of 100 m and 250 m in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection. Available in netCDF-4 file format. On-demand processing available to users for different resolutions, sampling grids, scene sizes, and file formats. <br>
This dataset is the parent collection to the following sub-collections: <br>
https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SWOT_L2_HR_Raster_100m_2.0 <br>
https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SWOT_L2_HR_Raster_250m_2.0 <br>

Tags: earth-science, surface-water, terrestrial-hydrosphere
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Electric Arc Shock Tube (EAST)

The Ames Electric Arc Shock Tube (EAST) Facility is the only shock tube in the U.S. capable of simulating shock-heated gas environments at the very high enthalpies encountered by atmospheric entry vehicles. The facility generates conditions for measurements of spectrally resolved radiance and kinetics of shock-heated gases from the vacuum ultraviolet through mid-infrared. The EAST program provides ground-based hyperthermal and hypervelocity environments in support of the nation’s research and development activities in thermal protection materials, aerothermodynamics, vehicle structures, and hypersonic propulsion and flight.

Tags: aerothermodynamics, arc, arcjet, east, electric, electric-arc-shock-tube, shock, shot-velocity, simulator, thermodynamics, thermophysics, tube
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration