AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
NRT AMSR2 Unified L3 Daily 12.5 km Brightness Temperature & Sea Ice Concentration V4

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) instrument on the Global Change Observation Mission - Water 1 (GCOM-W1) provides global passive microwave measurements of terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric parameters for the investigation of global water and energy cycles. Near real-time (NRT) products are generated within 3 hours of the last observations in the file, by the Land Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE) at the AMSR Science Investigator-led Processing System (AMSR SIPS), which is collocated with the Global Hydrology Resource Center (GHRC) DAAC. The NRT AMSR2 Unified L3 Daily 12.5 km Brightness Temperature & Sea Ice Concentration, Version 4 uses as input the resampled brightness temperature (Level-1R) data provided by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The Version 4 dataset uses the AMSR-U2 product generation algorithm with slight modifications for NRT product generation, same algorithm used to generation the standard, science quality, data that is available at the NSIDC DAAC. This Level-3 gridded product includes brightness temperatures at 89.0 GHz. Data are mapped to a polar stereographic grid at 12.5 km spatial resolution. Sea ice concentration and brightness temperatures include daily ascending averages, daily descending averages, and daily averages. Data are stored in HDF-EOS5 format and are available via HTTP from the EOSDIS LANCE system at https://lance.nsstc.nasa.gov/amsr2-science/data/level3/seaice12. If data latency is not a primary concern, please consider using science quality products. Science products are created using the best available ancillary, calibration and ephemeris information. Science quality products are an internally consistent, well-calibrated record of the Earth's geophysical properties to support science. These standard product, science quality, are available at the NSIDC DAAC: https://nsidc.org/

Tags: earth-science-microwave-spectral-engineering-brightness-temperature, earth-science-sea-ice-cryosphere-sea-ice-concentration, earth-science-sea-ice-oceans-sea-ice-concentration
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NOAA/NMC/CAC Arctic and Antarctic Monthly Sea Ice Extent, 1973-1990, Version 1

Sea ice extent from January 1973 through August 1990 was digitized from weekly operational sea ice charts produced by the Navy/NOAA Joint Ice Center. Charts were digitized by hand using a 1 degree latitude x 2.5 degrees longitude grid. The grid boxes were then summed in 1 degree latitude x 10 degrees longitude slices, and the ice covered area computed. The data represent the extent of sea ice at the end of each month, given for 36 10-degree longitudinal sectors in each hemisphere. Data were provided by the NOAA National Weather Service National Meteorological Center (NMC) Climate Analyses Center (CAC).

Tags: earth-science-sea-ice-cryosphere-ice-extent, earth-science-sea-ice-cryosphere-sea-ice-concentration
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NPP Tropical Forest: Darien, Panama, 1967-1968, R1

This NPP data set contains one ASCII file (.txt format). The data file contains above- and below-ground biomass, litterfall, LAI, vegetation/soil micro-nutrient content (P, K, Ca, Mg, etc.), and above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) estimates for transitional moist/dry tropical forests at Rio Lara (wet season site) and Rio Sabana (dry season site) in Darien Province, Panama. Field measurements were made in 1967 and 1968. No climate data are provided. Apart from litter quantity, most of the differences between these data reflect variations between the two plots sampled, rather than seasonal changes. Both plots were considered representative of the surrounding forest. The area was thought to have been forested for the previous 400 years, following abandonment of open savanna lands maintained by the Precolumbian Indians. Total annual leaf and branch fall averaged for the two sites was 1,137 g/m2/yr, representing a minimum ANPP estimate. Litter decomposition over the 9-month wet season was around 90%. LAI at both sites was high; however, the index for the dry site (10.6 m2/m2) was only half that of the wet season site (22.4 m2/m2).

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-biomass-dynamics, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-primary-production, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NPP Multi-Biome: Gridded Estimates for Selected Regions Worldwide, 1954-1998, R3

This data set provides two data files (.csv format) containing gridded (0.5-degree) estimates of net primary productivity (NPP), elevation, temperature, precipitation, NDVI, and biome type for selected terrestrial regions of the world. The field data used to develop NPP estimates came from 15 worldwide data sources in several different biomes covering the period 1954-1998. NPP values were developed from natural resource field inventories (e.g., forest, rangeland, crop) at different scales, from plot to county; from data compiled from published literature and high resolution maps; from simulation models using key independent variables; from regression analyses with environmental variables; and by using relationships between remotely-sensed spectral vegetation indices and field observations. The first file, NPP_Gridded_3654_cells_R3.csv with 3,654 0.5-degree grid cells, is suitable for biome level and overall analyses because of a larger sample size. In this file, 36 cells have above-ground net primary production (ANPP) only, 320 cells have total net promary production (TNPP) only, and 3,298 cells have both TNPP and ANPP. The second file, NPP_Gridded_2335_unique_cell_R3s.csv, was derived from the larger file and contains 2,335 0.5-degree grid cells after outliers were excluded, replicate measurements were averaged out for each unique geographic location, and cells classified as water, bare ground, and urban were excluded. This smaller data file is more appropriate for model/data inter-comparisons. Overall, gridded ANPP values ranged from 3 to 890 gC/m2/yr, and gridded TNPP values ranged from 3 to 1,235 gC/m2/yr. The lowest values are for sparsely vegetated ground (e.g., open shrublands) and the highest values are for forests. Revision Notes: This data set has been revised to correct the previously reported temporal coverage of field data measurements that were used to develop NPP estimates and the data set title was also corrected to reflect the date change. Missing value codes were added. Please see the Data Set Revisions section of this document for detailed information.

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-biomass-dynamics, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-primary-production, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Moorea Coral Reef Long-Term Ecological Research site (MCR LTER)

Water quality measurements taken near the island of Moorea, French Polynesia, as part of the Moorea Coral Reef Long-Term Ecological Research site (MCR LTER).

Tags: earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans, earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans, earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NLDAS Primary Forcing Data L4 Monthly 0.125 x 0.125 degree V2.0 (NLDAS_FORA0125_M) at GES DISC

This data product contains the monthly primary forcing data "File A" for Phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2). The data are in 1/8th degree grid spacing and range from Jan 1979 to the present. The temporal resolution is monthly. The file format is netCDF (converted from the GRIB data files). The NLDAS-2 monthly primary forcing data were generated from the NLDAS-2 hourly primary forcing data, as monthly accumulation for total precipitation, convective precipitation, and potential evaporation, and monthly average for other variables. The convective precipitation monthly total is the hourly convective fraction multiplied by the hourly precipitation (both from the NLDAS-2 "File A" files), and then summed over all hours of the month. Monthly period of each month is from 00Z at start of the month to 23:59Z at end of the month. The one exception to this is the first month (Jan. 1979) that starts from 00Z 02 Jan 1979, except for the monthly accumulated precipitation and convective precipitation that both start from 12Z 01 Jan 1979. The monthly land surface forcing fields for NLDAS-2 are grouped into two files, "File A" and "File B". "File A" is the primary (default) forcing file and contains eleven meteorological forcing fields. Details about the generation of the NLDAS-2.0 forcing datasets can be found in Xia et al. (2012).

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-surface-pressure, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-longwave-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-shortwave-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-processes-evaporation, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-wind-dynamics-convection, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-liquid-precipitation-rain, earth-science-surface-thermal-properties-land-surface-land-surface-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra Thermal Anomalies/Fire 5-Min L2 Swath 1km V006

The MOD14 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MOD14 Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD14.061) data product. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Thermal Anomalies and Fire MOD14 Version 6 product is produced daily in 5-minute temporal satellite increments (swaths). The MOD14 product is used to generate all of the higher level fire products, but can also be used to identify fires and other thermal anomalies, such as volcanoes. Each swath of data is approximately 2,030 kilometers along track (long), and 2,300 kilometers across track (wide). Known Issues * Known issues are described on the [MODIS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=6) and in Section 7.2 of the User Guide which covers Pre-November 2000 Data Quality, Detection Confidence, Flagging of Static Sources, and the August 2020 MODIS Aqua Outage Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions * Refinements to internal cloud mask, which sometimes flags heavy smoke as clouds. * Fix for frequent false alarms occurring in the Amazon that are caused by small (~1 km²) clearings within forests. * Fix to correct a bug that causes incorrect assessment of cloud and water pixels adjacent to fire pixels near the scan edge. * Detect small fires using dynamic thresholding. * Process ocean and coastline pixels to detect fire from oil rigs. * The Version 6 fire mask has the potential to detect fire over water pixels. Therefore, class 3 pixel values have been changed to be classified as “non-fire water pixels”.

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-fire-ecology-fire-occurrence, earth-science-surface-thermal-properties-land-surface, earth-science-surface-thermal-properties-land-surface-land-surface-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra Vegetation Continuous Fields Yearly L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V061

The MOD44B Version 6.1 Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) yearly product is a global representation of surface vegetation cover as gradations of three ground cover components: percent tree cover, percent non-tree cover, and percent non-vegetated (bare). VCF products provide a continuous, quantitative portrayal of land surface cover at 250 meter (m) pixel resolution, with a sub-pixel depiction of percent cover in reference to the three ground cover components. The sub-pixel mixture of ground cover estimates represents a revolutionary approach to the characterization of vegetative land cover that can be used to enhance inputs to environmental modeling and monitoring applications. The MOD44B data product layers include percent tree cover, percent non-tree cover, percent non-vegetated, cloud cover, and quality indicators. The start date of the annual period for this product begins with day of year (DOY) 65 (March 6 except for leap year which corresponds to March 5). Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=61). Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions * The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017. * A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB).

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-canopy-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-crown, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-deciduous-vegetation, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-evergreen-vegetation, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V061

The MOD13A2 Version 6.1 product provides Vegetation Index (VI) values at a per pixel basis at 1 kilometer (km) spatial resolution. There are two primary vegetation layers. The first is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is referred to as the continuity index to the existing National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) derived NDVI. The second vegetation layer is the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), which has improved sensitivity over high biomass regions. The algorithm for this product chooses the best available pixel value from all the acquisitions from the 16 day period. The criteria used is low clouds, low view angle and the highest NDVI/EVI value. Provided along with the vegetation layers and the two quality assurance (QA) layers are reflectance bands 1 (red), 2 (near-infrared), 3 (blue), and 7 (mid-infrared), as well as four observation layers. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=61). Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions * The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017. * A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB).

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index-normalized-difference-vegetation-index-ndvi
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra Total Precipitable Water Vapor 5-Min L2 Swath 1km and 5km

The MODIS/Terra Total Precipitable Water Vapor 5-Min L2 Swath 1km and 5km (MOD05_L2) product consists of atmospheric column water-vapor amounts. This product is derived from data collected by the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the Terra satellite. There are two different algorithms used to derive total precipitable water vapor in this data product: a near-infrared algorithm and an infrared algorithm. The near-infrared algorithm relies on observations of reflected solar radiation in MODIS's near-infrared channels, thus, the near-infrared retrievals are only produced during the daytime over surfaces that reflect near-infrared energy. As a result, the near-infrared algorithm is only applied over clear, cloud free land areas of the globe and above clouds over both the land and ocean. Over clear ocean areas, water-vapor estimates are provided over extended sun glint areas. Data produced by the near-infrared algorithm are generated at a 1-km spatial resolution. The other algorithm is the infrared algorithm which can be used to derive atmospheric precipitable water vapor profiles during both day and night. Data from the infrared algorithm are generated at a 5-km spatial resolution when at least nine field of views (FOVs) are cloud free. The infrared-derived precipitable water vapor is generated as a component of product MOD07, and is simply added to product MOD05 for convenience. There are two MODIS Precipitable Water Vapor products: MOD05_L2, containing data collected from the Terra platform; and MYD05_L2, containing data collected from the Aqua platform. This dataset has a short name of MOD05_L2 and provides data from the Terra platform only. The MODIS Adaptive Processing System (MODAPS) is currently generating an improved version 6.1 (061) for all MODIS Level-1 (L1) and higher-level Level-2 (L2) & Level-3 (L3) Atmosphere Team products. The decision to create a new improved Collection 6.1 (061) was driven by the need to address a number of issues in the current Collection 6 (006) Level-1B (L1B) data, which have a negative impact in varying degrees in downstream products. It should be noted that the near-infrared algorithm refinement for this product is no longer being supported by NASA and as such there has been no update to this algorithm for Collection 6.1. For more information, visit the MODIS Atmosphere website at: https://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/products/water-vapor

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-total-precipitable-wate, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-profiles
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra Thermal Anomalies/Fire Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V006

The MOD14A1 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MOD14A1 Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD14A1.061) data product. The Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Thermal Anomalies and Fire Daily (MOD14A1) Version 6 data are generated every eight days at 1 kilometer (km) spatial resolution as a Level 3 product. MOD14A1 contains eight consecutive days of fire data conveniently packaged into a single file. The Science Dataset (SDS) layers include the fire mask, pixel quality indicators, maximum fire radiative power (MaxFRP), and the position of the fire pixel within the scan. Each layer consists of daily per pixel information for each of the eight days of data acquisition. Known Issues * Known issues are described on the [MODIS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=6) and in Section 7.2 of the User Guide which covers Pre-November 2000 Data Quality, Detection Confidence, Flagging of Static Sources, and the August 2020 MODIS Aqua Outage Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions * Refinements to internal cloud mask, which sometimes flags heavy smoke as clouds. * Fix for frequent false alarms occurring in the Amazon that are caused by small (~1 km²) clearings within forests. * Fix to correct a bug that causes incorrect assessment of cloud and water pixels adjacent to fire pixels near the scan edge. * Detect small fires using dynamic thresholding. * Process ocean and coastline pixels to detect fire from oil rigs. * The Version 6 fire mask has the potential to detect fire over water pixels. Therefore, class 3 pixel values have been changed to be classified as “non-fire water pixels”.

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-fire-ecology-fire-occurrence, earth-science-surface-thermal-properties-land-surface, earth-science-surface-thermal-properties-land-surface-land-surface-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance Rolling-8-Day L3 Global 500m SIN Grid NRT

The MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance Rolling-8-Day L3 Global 500m SIN Grid Near Real Time (NRT) product provides Bands 1-7 at 500-meter resolution in a daily rolling 8-day gridded level-3 product in the Sinusoidal projection. The short name of this product is MOD09A1N. Each MOD09A1N pixel contains the best possible L2G observation during an 8-day period as selected on the basis of high observation coverage, low view angle, the absence of clouds or cloud shadow, and aerosol loading. Science Data Sets (SDS) provided for this product include reflectance values for Bands 1-7, quality assessment, and the day of the year for the pixel along with solar, view, and zenith angles.

Tags: earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V061

The MOD13A1 Version 6.1 product provides Vegetation Index (VI) values at a per pixel basis at 500 meter (m) spatial resolution. There are two primary vegetation layers. The first is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is referred to as the continuity index to the existing National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) derived NDVI. The second vegetation layer is the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), which has improved sensitivity over high biomass regions. The algorithm for this product chooses the best available pixel value from all the acquisitions from the 16 day period. The criteria used is low clouds, low view angle, and the highest NDVI/EVI value. Provided along with the vegetation layers and two quality assurance (QA) layers are reflectance bands 1 (red), 2 (near-infrared), 3 (blue), and 7 (mid-infrared), as well as four observation layers. Known Issues * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=61). Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions * The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017. * A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB).

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index-normalized-difference-vegetation-index-ndvi
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration