AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
JERS-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar, 100-m Mosaics, South America: 1995-1996, R1

This data set provides ~100-m resolution image mosaics of South America acquired during the low flood season between September and December 1995 and during the high flood season between May and July of 1996. The images cover the same areas during both seasons and were obtained from the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite 1 (JERS-1) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) of the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA). The data were mosaicked into 34 tiles for each season, each consisting of about 50 JERS-1 scenes. This data set constitutes the first-ever high-resolution and single season coverage of the entire Amazon River Basin, made possible by the cloud penetrating properties of the radar sensor. The images are from the original JERS-1 SAR Global Rain Forest Mapping Project. This data set contains 66 files in GeoTIFF (.tiff) format. There are 32 files for the low flood season and 34 files for the high flood season.

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-features-wetlands
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ICESat-2 Pre-Launch Simulated Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (MATLAS) Data, Version 2

Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL) Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (MATLAS) simulates the expected performance of the ICESat-2 ATLAS instrument. The data are produced from MABEL data by adjusting the detected number of signal and noise photons to that predicted using ATLAS instrument model design cases. Each data file consists of approximately 1 minute of HDF5-derived MABEL data.

Tags: earth-science-infrared-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-sensor-counts
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Jason-3 GPS based orbit and SSHA OGDR

This is a near real time dataset that provides a GPS based orbit and Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) from that orbit. It is similar to the Jason-3 Operation Geophysical Data Record (OGDR) that is distributed at NOAA (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/sog/jason/), but includes the GPS orbit and SSHA as two additional variables. It has a 5 hour time lag due to the time needed to calculate the GPS orbit and SSHA. The GPS orbits have been shown to be more accurate than the DORIS orbits on a near real time scale and therefore produces a more accurate SSHA.<br> Forward stream transitioned from processing baseline/version "F" to "G" in January 2025. The change is reflected in the product filename: JA3_GPSOPR_2P<b>f</b>S* -> JA3_GPSOPR_2P<b>g</b>S*

Tags: earth-science-ocean-waves-oceans-significant-wave-height-none, earth-science-sea-surface-topography-oceans-sea-surface-height-none
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Jason-1 GDR SSHA version E NetCDF Geodetic

These Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) are derived from the Jason-1 Geophysical Data Record (GDR) Geodetic Mission. Jason-1 is an altimetric mission whose instruments make direct observations of the following quantities: altimeter range, significant wave height, ocean radar backscatter cross-section (a measure of wind speed), ionospheric electron content (derived by a simple formula), tropospheric water content, and position relative to the GPS satellite constellation. Using the various parameter the SSHA can be calculated and are provided in this dataset. The data are in NetCDF format.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-waves-oceans-significant-wave-height, earth-science-sea-surface-topography-oceans-sea-surface-height
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ISLSCP II University of Maryland Global Land Cover Classifications, 1992-1993

The objective of the International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP II) study that produced this data set, ISLSCP II University of Maryland Global Land Cover Classifications 1992-1993, was to create a land cover map derived from 1 kilometer Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data using all available bands, derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and a full year of data (April 1992-March 1993). This thematic map was resampled to 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 degree grids. During this re-processing, the original University of Maryland (UMD) land cover type and fraction maps were adjusted to match the water/land fraction of the ISLSCP II land/water mask. These maps were generated for use by modelers of global biogeochemical cycles and others in need of an internally consistent, global depiction of land cover. This 1km map was also one of the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) at-launch land cover maps. This product describes the geographic distributions of 13 classes of vegetation cover (plus water and unclassified classes) based on a modified International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) legend. The data set also provides the fraction of each of the 15 classes within the coarser resolution cells, at three spatial resolutions of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 degrees in latitude and longitude.

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-classes, earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ISLSCP II Historical Croplands Cover, 1700-1992

The Historical Croplands Cover data set was developed to understand the consequences of historical changes in land use and land cover for ecosystem goods and services. In particular, this data set can be used to study how global changes in cultivated area has influenced climate, biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity, etc. This data set can be used directly within spatially-explicit climate and biogeochemical models. This is a gridded data set describing the fraction of each grid cell in the globe that is occupied by cultivated land from 1700 to 1992. Data layers are provided for every 50 years from 1700 to 1850, every 10 years from 1850 to 1980, and every year from 1986 to 1992. There are two sources of global land cover/land use data. The most recent estimates are derived from satellite measurements, and are available in a spatially-explicit fashion for roughly the last 30 years. The other estimate is based on ground-based sources such as census statistics, land surveys, estimates by historical geographers, etc. These land inventory data are only available at the scale of political units, but have the advantage of being historical. Ramankutty and Foley (1998) derived a spatially-explicit data set of croplands in 1992 by synthesizing remotely-sensed land cover data with contemporary land inventory data. Furthermore, Ramankutty and Foley (1999) extended this data set into the past (back to 1700) using historical land inventory data. The data set should only be used for continental-to-global scale analysis and modeling. The data set captures the broad patterns of cropland change over history, but not necessarily the fine details at local to regional scales - please check the data quality before using it at fine spatial scales. The quality of historical data for the Russian Federation is poor. The quality of data prior to 1850 is poor -- only continental-scale historical data were used for that period.

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification-vegetation-in, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-albedo, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-canopy-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-plant-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
IceBridge L0 Raw Kinematics GPS Time Codes, Version 1

This data set contains time codes generated during flights over Antarctica using the TrueTime 705-101 GPS Time Code Generator. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.

Tags: earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering-data-synchronization-time
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ISLSCP II Reanalysis Near-Surface Meteorology Data

This data set for the ISLSCP Initiative II data collection provides near surface meteorological variables, fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum at the surface, and land surface state variables, all with a spatial resolution of 1 degree in both latitude and longitude. There are four temporal categories of data: time invariant and monthly mean annual cycle fields (together referred to as "fixed" fields), monthly mean fields, monthly 3-hourly diurnal, and 3-hourly fields. Two types of variables exist in this data; instantaneous fields (primarily state variables), and average fields (primarily flux fields expressed as a rate). The Center for Ocean-Land Atmosphere Studies (COLA) near-surface data set for ISLSCP II was derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project (AMIP-II) reanalysis (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/wesley/reanalysis2/), covering the years from 1979-2003. The data set for ISLSCP II covers the period from 1986 to 1995. The purpose of the reanalysis was to provide an improved version of the original NCEP/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for General Circulation Model (GCM) validation. To co-register the NCEP/DOE reanalysis on the ISLSCP 1-degree grid, the reanalysis data set was regridded from its native T62 Gaussian grid) resolution (192 x 94 grid boxes globally) to 1-degree ISLSCP II required resolution. There are 136 compressed (.tar.gz) data files with this data set. When extrapolated, the individual data files are in ASCII (.asc) format.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-longwave-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-shortwave-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-upper-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-rate, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-temperature, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-albedo, earth-science-topography-land-surface-surface-roughness
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ISLSCP II Leaf Area Index (LAI) from Field Measurements, 1932-2000

Leaf Area Index (LAI) data from the scientific literature, covering the period from 1932-2000, have been compiled at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) to support model development and validation for products from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. There is one data file which consists of a spreadsheet table, together with a bibliography of more than 300 original-source references. Although the majority of measurements are from natural or semi-natural ecosystems, some LAI values have been included from crops (limited to a sub-set representing different crops at different stages of development under a range of treatments). Like Net Primary Productivity (NPP), Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a key parameter for global and regional models of biosphere/atmosphere exchange. Modeling and validation of coarse scale satellite measurements both require field measurements to constrain LAI values for different biomes (typical minimum, maximum values, phenology, etc.). Maximum values for point measurements are unlikely to be approached or exceeded by area-weighted LAI, which is what satellites and true spatial models are measuring or modeling.

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification-vegetation-in, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-albedo, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-canopy-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics-leaf-area-index-lai, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-plant-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ISLSCP II Snow-Free, Spatially Complete, 16 Day Albedo, 2002

This data set, ISLSCP II Snow-Free, Spatially Complete, 16 Day Albedo, 2002, contains 9 files for snow-free, spatially complete 16-day global black-sky albedos at local solar noon, white-sky albedos and quality information based on MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 4 Albedo Products (MOD43B3). Data are provided for 7 spectral bands and 3 broad bands for a full year of MODIS data (2002). An ecosystem-dependent temporal interpolation technique was developed to fill any missing or seasonally snow-covered data in the official MOD43B3 albedo product. The resulting data set maintains the original resolution and data of the MOD43B3 product while replacing fill values to provide snow-free spatially complete maps.

Tags: earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-albedo, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
IceBridge Ku-Band Radar L1B Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profiles, Version 1

This data set contains elevation and surface measurements over Greenland, the Arctic, and Antarctica, as well as flight path charts and echogram images acquired using the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) Ku-Band Radar Altimeter.

Tags: earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-radar-imagery, earth-science-sea-ice-cryosphere-sea-ice-elevation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ISLSCP II Potential Natural Vegetation Cover

This data set was developed to describe the state of the global land cover in terms of 15 major vegetation types, plus water, before alteration by humans. It forms a complement to the historical croplands data set developed by Ramankutty and Foley (1999). By overlaying the two, one can determine the extent to which natural vegetation has been cleared for cultivation. This data set can be used directly within spatially-explicit climate and biogeochemical models. There are four total files in this data set. Two files contain the land cover types representing potential natural vegetation before human alteration, and two other files contain those points in the original data set submitted by the Principal Investigator that have been modified in order to match the land/water mask of the ISLSCP Initiative II. The geographic distribution of contemporary land cover types can be derived from remotely-sensed data. However, humans now dominate much of the world and there is little evidence of the pre-human-settlement natural vegetation or Potential Natural Vegetation (PNV). PNV, as defined here, does not necessarily represent the world'??s natural pre-human-disturbance vegetation. Rather, our definition of PNV represents the world's vegetation cover that would most likely exist now in equilibrium with present-day climate and natural disturbance, in the absence of human activities.

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification-vegetation-in, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-deciduous-vegetation, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ISLSCP II Northern Hemisphere Monthly Snow Cover Extent

This ISLSCP data set is derived from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Northern Hemisphere EASE-Grid Weekly Snow Cover and Sea Ice Extent product which combines snow cover and sea ice extent at weekly intervals for October 1978 through June 2001, and snow cover alone from 1966 through June 2001. The original data set was the first representation of combined snow and sea ice measurements derived from satellite observations for the period of record. Designed to facilitate study of Northern Hemisphere seasonal fluctuations of snow cover and sea ice extent, the original NSIDC data set also includes monthly climatologies describing average extent, probability of occurrence, and variance. This data set shows the extent of snow on the land at a variety of scales (1.0 degree, 0.5 degree, 0.25 degree). The values represent the percentage of days in each month where snow was present -- 100 means 100% of the month, 80 means 80% of the month, etc. There are 4 .zip files provided. Missing data is represented by -99 for water and -88 for land. The data were originally in a yearly tabular format. The file was converted to multi-scale maps by plotting each point in the tabular data onto a map of -99 (water) and -88 (land) created from the standard ISLSCP II Land/Sea Mask.

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-biogeochemical-cycles, earth-science-snow-ice-cryosphere-snow-cover, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-albedo
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
IceBridge IMU L0 Raw Inertial Measurement Unit Data, Version 1

This data set contains Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) readings, including latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, pitch, roll, and true heading, taken over Antarctica using the Systron Donner Inertial MMQ-G inertial measurement unit. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.

Tags: earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering-attitude-characteristics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ISLSCP II UNH/GRDC Composite Monthly Runoff

The University of New Hampshire (UNH)/Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) composite runoff data combines simulated water balance model runoff estimates derived from climate forcing with monitored river discharge. It can be viewed as a data assimilation applied in a water balance model context (conceptually similar to the commonly used 4DDA techniques used in meteorological modeling). Such a data assimilation scheme preserves the spatial specificity of the water balance calculations while constrained by the more accurate discharge measurement. There are 11 data files in this data set and 1 changemap file which shows the differences between the ISLSCP II land/water mask and the original data set.

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-biogeochemical-cycles, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-primary-production, earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-topography-land-surface-topographic-effects
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
IceBridge HiCARS 2 L0 Raw Return Energy Amplitudes, Version 1

This data set contains radar sounder measurements taken over Antarctica using the Hi-Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS) Version 2 instrument. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.

Tags: earth-science-radar-spectral-engineering-return-power
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ISLSCP II Historical Land Cover and Land Use, 1700-1990

The Historical Land Cover and Land Use data set was developed to provide the global change community with historical land use estimates. The data set describes historical land use changes over a 300-year historical period (1700-1990). Testing against historical data is an important step for validating integrated models of global environmental change. Owing to long time lags in the climate and biogeochemical systems, these models should aim to simulate the land use dynamics for long periods, i.e., spanning decades to centuries. Developing such models requires an understanding of past and current trends and is therefore strongly data dependent. For this purpose, a historical database of the global environment has been developed: HYDE. Historical statistical inventories on agricultural land (census data, tax records, land surveys, etc) and different spatial analysis techniques were used to create a geographically-explicit data set of land use change, with a regular time interval. The data set can be used to test integrated models of global change. Continental-scale historical data were used for that period.

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification-vegetation-in, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-albedo, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-canopy-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-plant-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-cover, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-vegetation-index
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ISLSCP II GlobalView: Atmospheric Methane Concentrations

The GlobalView Methane (CH4) data product contains synchronized and smoothed time series of atmospheric CH4 concentrations at selected sites that were created using the data extension and integration techniques described by Masarie and Tans (1995). The information needed to derive this time series is also in this data set, along with extensive documentation. The longest period of coverage is from 1984 to 1998 with some sites having shorter or longer temporal coverage. Note that the GlobalView-CH4 data products are derived from measurements but contain no actual data. To facilitate heterogeneous CH4 data use in carbon cycle modeling studies, the measurements have been processed (smoothed, interpolated, and extrapolated) resulting in extended records that are evenly incremented in time. There are 74 files with this data set which includes 71 *.zip data files. The other three files include 2 files with site information, one comma-delimited ASCII file (.csv), and one .dat file, and one .dat file which is a single reference marine boundary layer matrix file containing CH4 mixing ratios as a function of time and sine of latitude and is a by-product of the data extension procedure.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-methane
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
IceBridge GPS L0 Raw Satellite Navigation Data, Version 1

This data set contains GPS readings over Antarctica using the Trimble Trimflite differential GPS Navigation System. The readings include latitude, longitude, track, ground speed, off-distance, Positional Dilution of Precision (PDOP), GPS height, easting, northing, and time taken. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.

Tags: earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering-airspeed-ground-speed, earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering-attitude-characteristics, earth-science-platform-characteristics-spectral-engineering-data-synchronization-time
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration