AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Modelling developmental instability as the joint action of noise and stability: a Bayesian approach

Background
          Fluctuating asymmetry is assumed to measure individual and population level developmental stability. The latter may in turn show an association with stress, which can be observed through asymmetry-stress correlations. However, the recent literature does not support an ubiquitous relationship. Very little is known why some studies show relatively strong associations while others completely fail to find such a correlation. We propose a new Bayesian statistical framework to examine these associations
        
        
          Results
          We are considering developmental stability – i.e. the individual buffering capacity – as the biologically relevant trait and show that (i) little variation in developmental stability can explain observed variation in fluctuating asymmetry when the distribution of developmental stability is highly skewed, and (ii) that a previously developed tool (i.e. the hypothetical repeatability of fluctuating asymmetry) contains only limited information about variation in developmental stability, which stands in sharp contrast to the earlier established close association between the repeatability and developmental instability.
        
        
          Conclusion
          We provide tools to generate valuable information about the distribution of between-individual variation in developmental stability. A simple linear transformation of a previous model lead to completely different conclusions. Thus, theoretical modelling of asymmetry and stability appears to be very sensitive to the scale of inference. More research is urgently needed to get better insights in the developmental mechanisms of noise and stability. In spite of the fact that the model is likely to represent an oversimplification of reality, the accumulation of new insights could be incorporated in the Bayesian statistical approach to obtain more reliable estimation.

Tags: bayesian-modeling, developmental-stability, fluctuating-asymmetry, nih, stress-indicators
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The potential for research-based information in public health: Identifying unrecognised information needs

Objective
          To explore whether there is a potential for greater use of research-based information in public health practice in a local setting. Secondly, if research-based information is relevant, to explore the extent to which this generates questioning behaviour.
        
        
          Design
          Qualitative study using focus group discussions, observation and interviews.
        
        
          Setting
          Public health practices in Norway.
        
        
          Participants
          52 public health practitioners.
        
        
          Results
          In general, the public health practitioners had a positive attitude towards research-based information, but believed that they had few cases requiring this type of information. They did say, however, that there might be a potential for greater use. During five focus groups and six observation days we identified 28 questions/cases where it would have been appropriate to seek out research evidence according to our definition. Three of the public health practitioners identified three of these 28 cases as questions for which research-based information could have been relevant. This gap is interpreted as representing unrecognised information needs.
        
        
          Conclusions
          There is an unrealised potential in public health practice for more frequent and extensive use of research-based information. The practitioners did not appear to reflect on the need for scientific information when faced with new cases and few questions of this type were generated.

Tags: information-needs, nih, public-health-practice, qualitative-research, research-utilization
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Low prevalence of liver-kidney microsomal autoantibodies of type 1 (LKM

Background
          Hepatitis C is a serious problem on the Greek island of Crete, where a high prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C (anti-HCV) has recently been reported. This article reports the findings of a study carried out in Crete, which investigated the prevalence of serum autoantibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
        
        
          Patients and Methods
          One hundred and forty two patients (59 men and 83 women), who were found anti-HCV seropositive in two hospitals and two Primary Health Care Centres in Crete, were eligible. Sixty healthy blood donors (46 men, 14 women), which were negative to anti-HCV, were used as the control group. They were randomly selected from those attending Rethymnon Hospital. Autoantibodies were identified using the indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) technique on human epithelial cells from larynx cancer (HEp-2 cells), rat liver-kidney-stomach substrate (CT3) and Chrithidia Luciliae (CL).
        
        
          Results
          Serum autoantibodies were detected in 104 HCV patients, yielding an overall prevalence of 73.2%. The most frequent autoantibodies were antinuclear antibodies (ANA), positive in 72 patients (50.7%). Anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) were detected in 33 patients (23.2%). Only one patient was positive for LKM1 autoantibodies. No autoantibodies were found in 38 patients (26.7%). Autoantibodies were also found in 5 out of the 60 examined healthy blood donors (8.3%).
        
        
          Conclusions
          Autoantibodies, mainly ANA and ASMA are very common in HCV seropositive patients from Crete. By contrast LKM1 autoantibodies are exceptionally rare in these patients.

Tags: autoantibodies, crete-greece, hepatitis-c, liver-kidney-microsomal, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Behavioral Health Barometer: Region 4, Volume 5

This is a behavioral health report for HHS Region IV of the United States and utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment (N-SSATS), collected annually. The topics addressed in the reports include youth mental health and treatment, adult mental health, substance use and substance use treatment.

Tags: behavioral-health, mental-health, samhsa, substance-use, youth-mental-health
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Genomic organisation and alternative splicing of mouse and human thioredoxin reductase 1 genes

Background
          Thioredoxin reductase (TR) is a redox active protein involved in many cellular processes as part of the thioredoxin system. Presently there are three recognised forms of mammalian thioredoxin reductase designated as TR1, TR3 and TGR, that represent the cytosolic, mitochondrial and novel forms respectively. In this study we elucidated the genomic organisation of the mouse (Txnrd1) and human thioredoxin reductase 1 genes (TXNRD1) through library screening, restriction mapping and database mining.
        
        
          Results
          The human TXNRD1 gene spans 100 kb of genomic DNA organised into 16 exons and the mouse Txnrd1 gene has a similar exon/intron arrangement. We also analysed the alternative splicing patterns displayed by the mouse and human thioredoxin reductase 1 genes and mapped the different mRNA isoforms with respect to genomic organisation. These isoforms differ at the 5' end and encode putative proteins of different molecular mass. Genomic DNA sequences upstream of mouse exon 1 were compared to the human promoter to identify conserved elements.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The human and mouse thioredoxin reductase 1 gene organisation is highly conserved and both genes exhibit alternative splicing at the 5' end. The mouse and human promoters share some conserved sequences.

Tags: alternative-splicing, gene-expression, genomic-organization, nih, thioredoxin-reductase
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Model-based cluster analysis of microarray gene-expression data

Background
          Microarray technologies are emerging as a promising tool for genomic studies. The challenge now is how to analyze the resulting large amounts of data. Clustering techniques have been widely applied in analyzing microarray gene-expression data. However, normal mixture model-based cluster analysis has not been widely used for such data, although it has a solid probabilistic foundation. Here, we introduce and illustrate its use in detecting differentially expressed genes. In particular, we do not cluster gene-expression patterns but a summary statistic, the t-statistic.
        
        
          Results
          The method is applied to a data set containing expression levels of 1,176 genes of rats with and without pneumococcal middle-ear infection. Three clusters were found, two of which contain more than 95% genes with almost no altered gene-expression levels, whereas the third one has 30 genes with more or less differential gene-expression levels.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Our results indicate that model-based clustering of t-statistics (and possibly other summary statistics) can be a useful statistical tool to exploit differential gene expression for microarray data.

Tags: cluster-analysis, gene-expression, microarray-data, nih, pneumococcal-infection
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 528561: 3-Methyltricosane

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 3-methyltricosane. Molecular Formula: C24H50. Molecular Weight: 338.7. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525104: 1-Propanol, 3-chloro, propionate

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 3-chloropropyl propanoate. Molecular Formula: C6H11ClO2. Molecular Weight: 150.6. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525146: Decapropylene glycol, monoallyl ether, acetate

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoxypropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propoxy]propoxy]propoxy]propoxy]propoxy]propoxy]propyl acetate. Molecular Formula: C35H68O12. Molecular Weight: 680.9. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The association between secondhand smoke and the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes, among non-smokers, under the presence of several cardiovascular risk factors: The CARDIO2000 case-control study

Background
          The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between secondhand smoke and the risk of developing a first event of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), i.e. acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina, among non-smokers, in relation to the presence of several other cardiovascular risk factors.
        
        
          Methods
          Eight hundred and forty-eight patients with first event of ACS and 1078 cardiovascular disease-free matched controls completed a detailed questionnaire regarding their exposure to secondhand smoke, among other investigated parameters.
        
        
          Results
          Two hundred and ninety–seven (35%) of the patients and 259 (24%) of the controls were defined as secondhand smokers. After controlling for several potential confounders, the results showed that non-smokers occasionally (< 3 time per week) exposed to cigarette smoke were associated with 26% higher risk of ACS (OR = 1.26, P-value < 0.01) compared to non-smokers not exposed to smoke, while regular exposure is associated with 99% higher risk of developing ACS (OR = 1.99, P-value < 0.001). Moreover, the previous risk increases progressively from 15% to 256% if one or more of the classical cardiovascular risk factors (i.e. hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, sedentary life and family history of premature coronary heart disease) are present.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Consequently, this study supports the hypothesis that even occasional secondhand smoke increases the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes, especially when other risk factors are present. Given the high prevalence of cigarette smoking, the public health consequences of passive smoking with regard to coronary heart disease are important.

Tags: acute-coronary-syndrome, cardiovascular-risk, case-control-study, nih, secondhand-smoke
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
A combined in vitro / in vivo selection for polymerases with novel promoter specificities

Background
          The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from T7 bacteriophage (T7 RNAP) has been extensively characterized, and like other phage RNA polymerases it is highly specific for its promoter. A combined in vitro / in vivo selection method has been developed for the evolution of T7 RNA polymerases with altered promoter specificities. Large (103 – 106) polymerase libraries were made and cloned downstream of variant promoters. Those polymerase variants that can recognize variant promoters self-amplify both themselves and their attendent mRNAs in vivo. Following RT / PCR amplification in vitro, the most numerous polymerase genes are preferentially cloned and carried into subsequent rounds of selection.
        
        
          Results and Conclusions
          A T7 RNA polymerase library that was randomized at three positions was cloned adjacent to a T3-like promoter sequence, and a 'specialist' T7 RNA polymerase was identified. A library that was randomized at a different set of positions was cloned adjacent to a promoter library in which four positions had been randomized, and 'generalist' polymerases that could utilize a variety of T7 promoters were identified, including at least one polymerase with an apparently novel promoter specificity. This method may have applications for evolving other polymerase variants with novel phenotypes, such as the ability to incorporate modified nucleotides.

Tags: directed-evolution, nih, promoter-specificity, rna-polymerase, t7-rnap
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
NSDUH 2020 In-Person Questionnaire

Browse the English in-person questionnaire for the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), as administered in Quarter 4 of 2020. The document provides the exact questions given to respondents in their full context, along with the skip patterns that determined whether a person was asked a question or not. There is also information on which sections were interviewer administered when conducted in-person, and a section that summarizes changes made to the questionnaire for 2020.

Tags: behavioral-health, health-survey, mental-health, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Table 9. Alcohol Use in the Past Month, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2013 and 2014 NSDUHs

Table 9. Alcohol Use in the Past Month, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2013 and 2014 NSDUHs

Tags: alcohol-use, nsduh-data, samhsa, state-level-data, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Relationships between volume and pressure measurements and stroke
		  volume in critically ill patients

Objective:
          To evaluate the relationships between the changes in stroke volume
				index (SVI), measured in both the aorta and the pulmonary artery, and the
				changes in intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI), as well as the
				relationship between changes in aortic SVI and changes in the pulmonary artery
				wedge pressure (PAWP).
        
        
          Design:
          Prospective study with measurements at predetermined
				intervals.
        
        
          Setting:
          Medical intensive care unit of a university hospital.
        
        
          Patients and methods:
          One hundred and fifty-four measurements were taken in 45
				critically ill patients with varying underlying disorders. Aortic SVI and
				pulmonary arterial SVI were determined with thermodilution. PAWP was measured
				using a pulmonary artery catheter. ITBVI was determined with thermal-dye
				dilution, using a commercially available computer system.
        
        
          Results:
          A good correlation was found between changes in ITBVI and changes
				in aortic SVI. However, this correlation weakened when changes in ITBVI were
				plotted against changes in pulmonary arterial SVI, which was in part probably
				due to mathematical coupling between ITBVI and aortic SVI. A good correlation
				between changes in ITBVI and changes in aortic SVI could also be established in
				most of the individual patients. No correlation was found between changes in
				PAWP and changes in aortic SVI.
        
        
          Conclusion:
          ITBVI seems to be a better predictor of SVI than PAWP. ITBVI may
				be more suitable than PAWP for assessing cardiac filling in clinical
				practice.

Tags: critical-care, intravascular-volume, nih, stroke-volume, thermodilution
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities (N-SSATS): 2015, Data on Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities

This report presents results from the 2015 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS), an annual census of facilities providing substance abuse treatment. Conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), N-SSATS is designed to collect data on the location, characteristics, and use of alcohol and drug abuse treatment facilities and services throughout the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and other U.S. jurisdictions. It is important to note that values in charts, narrative lists, and percentage distributions are calculated using actual raw numbers and rounded for presentation in this report; calculations using rounded values may produce different results.

Tags: addiction-services, n-ssats, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, treatment-facilities
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
West (W)

This report presents estimates for measures of substance use and mental health based on the combined 2010 and 2011 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE). Resuts are provided for the west  (e.g., combines Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming) for five age groups: 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 or older, 18 or older and all persons 12 or older.

Tags: mental-health, nsduh-data, samhsa, serious-mental-illness, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 528601: tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl undecanoate

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: [tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl] undecanoate. Molecular Formula: C17H36O2Si. Molecular Weight: 300.6. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2018 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Missouri

This is the 2018 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Missouri. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: mental-health-services, missouri-health-data, national-outcome-measures, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Bone morphogenetic protein-5 (BMP-5) promotes dendritic growth in cultured sympathetic neurons

Background
          BMP-5 is expressed in the nervous system throughout development and into adulthood. However its effects on neural tissues are not well defined. BMP-5 is a member of the 60A subgroup of BMPs, other members of which have been shown to stimulate dendritic growth in central and peripheral neurons. We therefore examined the possibility that BMP-5 similarly enhances dendritic growth in cultured sympathetic neurons.
        
        
          Results
          Sympathetic neurons cultured in the absence of serum or glial cells do not form dendrites; however, addition of BMP-5 causes these neurons to extend multiple dendritic processes, which is preceded by an increase in phosphorylation of the Smad-1 transcription factor. The dendrite-promoting activity of BMP-5 is significantly inhibited by the BMP antagonists noggin and follistatin and by a BMPR-IA-Fc chimeric protein. RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analyses indicate that BMP-5 mRNA and protein are expressed in the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) during times of initial growth and rapid expansion of the dendritic arbor.
        
        
          Conclusions
          These data suggest a role for BMP-5 in regulating dendritic growth in sympathetic neurons. The signaling pathway that mediates the dendrite-promoting activity of BMP-5 may involve binding to BMPR-IA and activation of Smad-1, and relative levels of BMP antagonists such as noggin and follistatin may modulate BMP-5 signaling. Since BMP-5 is expressed at relatively high levels not only in the developing but also the adult nervous system, these findings suggest the possibility that BMP-5 regulates dendritic morphology not only in the developing, but also the adult nervous system.

Tags: bmp-5, dendritic-growth, nerve-development, nih, sympathetic-neurons
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Ohio (OH)

This report presents Ohio\'s estimates for 25 measures of substance use and mental health based on the combined 2009 and 2010 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE). Resuts are provided for Ohio for five age groups: 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 or older, 18 or older and all persons 12 or older.

Tags: mental-health, nsduh, ohio, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 528445: 1-Dodecene, 6-ethyl

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 6-ethyldodec-1-ene. Molecular Formula: C14H28. Molecular Weight: 196.37. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services