AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Electrolytic ablation of the rat pancreas: a feasibility trial

Background
          Pancreatic cancer is a biologically aggressive disease with less than 20% of patients suitable for a "curative" surgical resection. This, combined with the poor 5-year survival indicates that effective palliative methods for symptom relief are required. Currently there are no ablative techniques to treat pancreatic cancer in clinical use. Tissue electrolysis is the delivery of a direct current between an anode and cathode to induce localised necrosis. Electrolysis has been shown to be safe and reliable in producing hepatic tissue and tumour ablation in animal models and in a limited number of patients. This study investigates the feasibility of using electrolysis to produce localised pancreatic necrosis in a healthy rat model.
        
        
          Method
          Ten rats were studied in total. Eight rats were treated with variable "doses" of coulombs, and the systemic and local effects were assessed; 2 rats were used as controls.
        
        
          Results
          Seven rats tolerated the procedure well without morbidity or mortality, and one died immediately post procedure. One control rat died on induction of anaesthesia. Serum amylase and glucose were not significantly affected.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Electrolysis in the rat pancreas produced localised necrosis and appears both safe, and reproducible. This novel technique could offer significant advantages for patients with unresectable pancreatic tumours. The next stage of the study is to assess pancreatic electrolysis in a pig model, prior to human pilot studies.

Tags: electrolysis-necrosis, nih, pancreatic-ablation, pancreatic-cancer, rat-model
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
IFN-γ production in response to

IFN-γ was measured in supernatants after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with collagen type II (CII), purified protein derivative or influenza virus. IFN-γ production in response to CII was similar in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy control individuals. The IFN-γ response to purified protein derivative and influenza virus was lower in RA patients, reflecting a general T-cell hyporesponsiveness in RA. After recalculating the response to CII taking this hyporesponsiveness into account the CII response was higher in RA patients, and was associated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*0401 and HLA-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 (HLA-DQ8). Rheumatoid arthritis patients with elevated serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G anti-CII antibodies had lower CII-induced IFN-γ production than patients with low anti-CII levels. The relative increase in CII-reactivity in RA patients as compared with healthy control individuals, and the association of a higher response with RA-associated HLA haplotypes, suggest the existence of a potentially pathogenic cellular reactivity against CII in RA.

Tags: collagen-type-ii, ifn-gamma, nih, rheumatoid-arthritis, t-cell-response
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
NSDUH 2015 Field Interviewer Manual

This extensive manual covers the information NSDUH Field Interviewers need to conduct screening and interviewing, including the information presented at a 7-day intensive training for new Field Interviewers.

Tags: field-interviewer-training, mental-health-assessment, nsduh-survey, samhsa, substance-use-disorders
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Receptor protein tyrosine kinase EphB4 is up-regulated in colon cancer

Background
          We have used commercially available cDNA arrays to identify EphB4 as a gene that is up-regulated in colon cancer tissue when compared with matched normal tissue from the same patient.
        
        
          Results
          Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the expression of the EphB4 gene has shown that its expression is increased in 82% of tumour samples when compared with the matched normal tissue from the same patient. Using immunohistochemistry and Western analysis techniques with an EphB4-specific antibody, we also show that this receptor is expressed in the epithelial cells of the tumour tissue and either not at all, or in only low levels, in the normal tissue.
        
        
          Conclusion
          The results presented here supports the emerging idea that Eph receptors play a role in tumour formation and suggests that further elucidation of this signalling pathway may identify useful targets for cancer treatment therapies.

Tags: colon-cancer, ephb4-receptor, gene-expression, nih, tumor-microenvironment
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Table 26. Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by State and Substate Regions: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2010, 2011, and 2012 NSDUHs

Table 26. Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by State and Substate Regions: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2010, 2011, and 2012 NSDUHs

Tags: adult-mental-health, nsduh, nsduh-survey, samhsa, suicidal-ideation
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2012 NSDUH: Estimating Mental Illness Among Adults In The United States: Revisions To 2008 Estimation Procedures

As part of the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS), the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) conducted a clinical follow-up survey via telephone on a subsample of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) adult respondents from 2008 to 2012 to assess the prevalence of selected mental disorders. The purpose of this clinical data collection was to use the data to develop statistical models that would provide national and state estimates of serious mental illness (SMI) when combined with NSDUH data.This report outlines the revisions made to the 2008 models to predict SMI.

Tags: mental-disorder-prevalence, mental-health-surveillance, nsduh-adult-respondents, samhsa, serious-mental-illness
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Performance of the score systems Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and III at an interdisciplinary intensive care unit, after customization

Background:
          Mortality predictions calculated using scoring scales are often not accurate in populations other than those in which the scales were developed because of differences in case-mix. The present study investigates the effect of first-level customization, using a logistic regression technique, on discrimination and calibration of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and III scales.
        
        
          Method:
          Probabilities of hospital death for patients were estimated by applying APACHE II and III and comparing these with observed outcomes. Using the split sample technique, a customized model to predict outcome was developed by logistic regression. The overall goodness-of-fit of the original and the customized models was assessed.
        
        
          Results:
          Of 3383 consecutive intensive care unit (ICU) admissions over 3 years, 2795 patients could be analyzed, and were split randomly into development and validation samples. The discriminative powers of APACHE II and III were unchanged by customization (areas under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve 0.82 and 0.85, respectively). Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests showed good calibration for APACHE II, but insufficient calibration for APACHE III. Customization improved calibration for both models, with a good fit for APACHE III as well. However, fit was different for various subgroups.
        
        
          Conclusions:
          The overall goodness-of-fit of APACHE III mortality prediction was improved significantly by customization, but uniformity of fit in different subgroups was not achieved. Therefore, application of the customized model provides no advantage, because differences in case-mix still limit comparisons of quality of care.

Tags: apache-ii-iii, icu-mortality, mortality-prediction, nih, severity-of-illness
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Georgia 2016 Potential Areas for Addressing Service Gaps for Opioid Treatment

The purpose of the medication-assisted treatment (MAT) facility maps is to identify areas on a state-by-state basis that may be potentially underserved by existing treatment facilities. The maps are created with a methodology that seeks to include the highest potential need areas from individual counties so that county-level stakeholders are also informed. The maps are meant to be used as a tool for policy makers to determine potentially underserved areas—not as a definitive representation of these areas.

Tags: georgia-opioids, mat-access, opioid-treatment, samhsa, service-gap-analysis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Chromosome 4q;10q translocations; Comparison with different ethnic populations and FSHD patients

Background
          Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the weakness of facial, shoulder-girdle and upper arm muscles. Most patients with FSHD have fewer numbers of tandem repeated 3.3-kb KpnI units on chromosome 4q35. Chromosome 10q26 contains highly homologous KpnI repeats, and inter-chromosomal translocation has been reported.
        
        
          Methods
          To clarify the influence on the deletion of the repeats, we surveyed three different ethnic populations and FSHD patients using the BglII/BlnI dosage test.
        
        
          Results
          The frequency of translocation in 153 Japanese, 124 Korean, 114 Chinese healthy individuals and 56 Japanese 4q35-FSHD patients were 27.5%, 29.8%, 19.3%, and 32.1%, respectively. The ratio of '4 on 10' (trisomy and quatrosomy of chromosome 4) was higher than that of '10 on 4' (nullsomy and monosomy of chromosome 4) in all populations.
        
        
          Conclusions
          The inter-chromosomal exchange was frequently observed in all four populations we examined, and no significant difference was observed between healthy and diseased groups.

Tags: chromosome-translocation, ethnic-populations, fshd, genetic-dosage, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Behavioral Health Barometer: Region 1, Volume 5

This is a behavioral health report for HHS Region I of the United States and utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment (N-SSATS), collected annually. The topics addressed in the reports include youth substance use, youth mental health and treatment, adult mental health, substance use and substance use treatment.

Tags: behavioral-health, mental-health, samhsa, substance-use, youth-mental-health
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
State Estimates of Major Depressive Episode among Adolescents: 2013 and 2014

This short report uses 2013 to 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to assess the prevalence of past year major depressive episodes among adolescents aged 12 to 17 by State. Results are shown by State for 2012-2013 and 2013-2014.

Tags: adolescent-depression, major-depressive-episode, nsduh-survey, samhsa, state-level-estimates
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Potential role and chronology of abnormal expression of the Deleted in Colon Cancer (DCC) and the p53 proteins in the development of gastric cancer

Background
          Loss of activity of tumor suppressor genes is considered a fundamental step in a genetic model of carcinogenesis. Altered expression of the p53 and the Deleted in Colon Cancer (DCC) proteins has been described in gastric cancer and this event may have a role in the development of the disease. According to this hypothesis, we investigated the p53 and the DCC proteins expression in different stages of gastric carcinomas.
        
        
          Methods
          An immunohistochemical analysis for detection of p53 and DCC proteins expression was performed in tumor tissue samples of patients with UICC stage I and II gastric cancer. For the purpose of the analysis, the staining results were related to the pathologic data and compared between stage categories.
        
        
          Results
          Ninety-four cases of gastric cancer were analyzed. Disease stage categories were pT1N0 in 23 cases, pT2N0 in 20 cases, pT3N0 in 20 cases and pT1-3 with nodal involvment in 31 cases. Stage pT1-2N0 tumors maintained a positive DCC expression while it was abolished in pT3N0 tumors (p <.001). A significant higher proportion of patients with N2 nodal involvement showed DCC negative tumors. In muscular-invading tumors (pT2-3N0) the majority of cases showed p53 overexpression, whereas a significantly higher proportion of cases confined into the mucosa (pT1N0) showed p53 negative tumors. Also, a higher frequency of p53 overexpression was detected in cases with N1 and N2 metastatic lymphnodal involvement.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Altered expression of both DCC and p53 proteins is detectable in gastric carcinomas. It seems that loss of wild-type p53 gene function and consequent p53 overexpression may be involved in early stages of tumor progression while DCC abnormalities are a late event.

Tags: dcc-protein, gastric-cancer, immunohistochemistry, nih, p53-protein
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
On the species of origin: diagnosing the source of symbiotic transcripts

Background
          Most organisms have developed ways to recognize and interact with other species. Symbiotic interactions range from pathogenic to mutualistic. Some molecular mechanisms of interspecific interaction are well understood, but many remain to be discovered. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from cultures of interacting symbionts can help identify transcripts that regulate symbiosis, but present a unique challenge for functional analysis. Given a sequence expressed in an interaction between two symbionts, the challenge is to determine from which organism the transcript originated. For high-throughput sequencing from interaction cultures, a reliable computational approach is needed. Previous investigations into GC nucleotide content and comparative similarity searching provide provisional solutions, but a comparative lexical analysis, which uses a likelihood-ratio test of hexamer counts, is more powerful.
        
        
          Results
          Validation with genes whose origin and function are known yielded 94% accuracy. Microbial (non-plant) transcripts comprised 75% of a Phytophthora sojae-infected soybean (Glycine max cv Harasoy) library, contrasted with 15% or less in root tissue libraries of Medicago truncatula from axenic, Phytophthora medicaginis-infected, mycorrhizal, and rhizobacterial treatments. Mycorrhizal libraries contained about 23% microbial transcripts; an axenic plant library contained a similar proportion of putative microbial transcripts.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Comparative lexical analysis offers numerous advantages over alternative approaches. Many of the transcripts isolated from mixed cultures were of unknown function, suggesting specificity to symbiotic metabolism and therefore candidates likely to be interesting for further functional investigation. Future investigations will determine whether the abundance of non-plant transcripts in a pure plant library indicates procedural artifacts, horizontally transferred genes, or other phenomena.

Tags: interspecific-interaction, nih, sequence-analysis, symbiotic-interactions, transcript-origin
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Debate: The potential role of estrogen in the prevention of heart disease in women after menopause

Large numbers of observational studies have described a decrease in the incidence of cardiovascular disease in women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The potential mechanisms for this effect are numerous, including direct effects on lipid levels and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular dynamics, and endothelial reactivity. The beneficial effects of HRT are probably affected by various factors, including the age of onset of therapy, the presence of coronary artery disease, the type of estrogen and whether it is used in combination with progesterone, concurrent modification of other cardiac risk factors, and duration of therapy. Until further prospective clinical trials are done, HRT should be considered in those women for whom the potential benefits exceed the potential risks, on the basis of an individualized patient evaluation.

Tags: cardiovascular-disease, estrogen-therapy, hormone-replacement-therapy, nih, postmenopausal-women
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2003-2013: National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services

This is a Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) annual report that presents national-level data from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) for admissions in 2013 and trend data from 2003 to 2013. It provides information on the demographic and substance abuse characteristics of admissions aged 12 and older to treatment for abuse of alcohol and/or drugs in facilities that report to individual state administrative data systems. TEDS received treatment admission records from 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Pennsylvania had submitted no data for 2013 by January 23, 2015, and is excluded from this report.

Tags: alcohol-drug-abuse, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, teds-admissions, treatment-episodes
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2014 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Delaware

2014 Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Delaware. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: community-mental-health, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa, substance-abuse
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Prediction models in the design of neural network based ECG classifiers: A neural network and genetic programming approach

Background
          Classification of the electrocardiogram using Neural Networks has become a widely used method in recent years. The efficiency of these classifiers depends upon a number of factors including network training. Unfortunately, there is a shortage of evidence available to enable specific design choices to be made and as a consequence, many designs are made on the basis of trial and error. In this study we develop prediction models to indicate the point at which training should stop for Neural Network based Electrocardiogram classifiers in order to ensure maximum generalisation.
        
        
          Methods
          Two prediction models have been presented; one based on Neural Networks and the other on Genetic Programming. The inputs to the models were 5 variable training parameters and the output indicated the point at which training should stop. Training and testing of the models was based on the results from 44 previously developed bi-group Neural Network classifiers, discriminating between Anterior Myocardial Infarction and normal patients.
        
        
          Results
          Our results show that both approaches provide close fits to the training data; p = 0.627 and p = 0.304 for the Neural Network and Genetic Programming methods respectively. For unseen data, the Neural Network exhibited no significant differences between actual and predicted outputs (p = 0.306) while the Genetic Programming method showed a marginally significant difference (p = 0.047).
        
        
          Conclusions
          The approaches provide reverse engineering solutions to the development of Neural Network based Electrocardiogram classifiers. That is given the network design and architecture, an indication can be given as to when training should stop to obtain maximum network generalisation.

Tags: ecg-classification, electrocardiogram, genetic-programming, neural-networks, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Boston: Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits, 2004-2011 - Seeking Detox

Excel file with estimates, rates, relative standard errors, trends and confidence intervals for all drug-related emergency department (ED) visits involving patients seeking detox in the Boston metropolitan area, covering 2004-2011. This includes nonemergency requests made through the ED for admission to detoxification unit, visits to obtain medical clearance before being incarcerated, and acute emergencies where an individual is experiencing withdrawal symptoms and requests detox. These estimates do not include patients who seek or enter the hospital\'s detox unit through other avenues.

Tags: boston-metro-area, detoxification-seeking, drug-related-ed-visits, samhsa, substance-use-trends
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2012 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Tables for Oregon

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for 2012. The Uniform Reporting System (URS) is a state and national reporting system collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: community-mental-health, mental-health-services, oregon, outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Autocrine regulation of asthmatic airway inflammation: role of airway smooth muscle

Chronic airway inflammation is one of the main features of asthma. Release of mediators from infiltrating inflammatory cells in the airway mucosa has been proposed to contribute directly or indirectly to changes in airway structure and function. The airway smooth muscle, which has been regarded as a contractile component of the airways responding to various mediators and neurotransmitters, has recently been recognised as a rich source of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. In this review, we discuss the role of airway smooth muscle cells in the regulation and perpetuation of airway inflammation that contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma.

Tags: airway-smooth-muscle, asthma, asthma-inflammation, cytokine-chemokine, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2016 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Kansas

This is the 2016 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Kansas. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: block-grant-program, kansas, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services