AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Riverbank vertical temperature profiler data and calculated groundwater discharge flux estimates from the Farmington River corridor, CT, USA

As the climate warms and dry periods become more extreme, shallow groundwater discharge is generally becoming a less reliable source of streamflow while deep groundwater discharge remains a more resilient source. The implications of shifts in the relative balance of shallow and deep groundwater discharge sources are profound in gaining streams. These different sources exert critical controls on stream temperature and water quality as influenced by legacy groundwater contaminant transport. Groundwater discharge flux rates over time were used for the inference of source groundwater characteristics to prominent riverbank groundwater discharge faces along the mainstem Farmington River, CT USA. To estimate groundwater discharge rates, we deployed sediment temperature loggers (iButton #DS1922L, Maxim Integrated, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA) in vertical profilers installed directly into mapped preferential groundwater discharge points across extensive riverbank discharge face features.Temperature data contained in this release were collected from June 24 to November 5, 2020, at 40 distinct discharge point riverbank locations, similar to those described by Barclay et al. (2022) and Briggs et al. (2022). Saturated sediment thermal conductivity and heat capacity were measured in-situ with a TEMPOS Thermal Property Analyzer (TEMPOS, Meter Group, Inc., Pullman, WA, USA) at multiple points across each riverbank discharge face to aid in estimating groundwater discharge flux rates.
Barclay, J. R., Briggs, M. A., Moore, E. M., Starn, J. J., Hanson, A. E. H., &amp; Helton, A. M. (2022). Where groundwater seeps: Evaluating modeled groundwater discharge patterns with thermal infrared surveys at the river-network scale. Advances in Water Resources, 160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.104108
Briggs, M. A., Jackson, K. E., Liu, F., Moore, E. M., Bisson, A., &amp; Helton, A. M. (2022). Exploring Local Riverbank Sediment Controls on the Occurrence of Preferential Groundwater Discharge Points. Water, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010011

Tags: connecticut, farmington-river, groundwater, groundwater-and-surface-water-interaction, health, hydrogeology, hydrology, imagerybasemapsearthcover, surface-water-non-marine, usgs-63b590b7d34e92aad3caa290
Organization: Department of the Interior
Geomorphon rasters for the Greater Raleigh Area, North Carolina

Rasters of the ten most common geomorphic landscape forms (geomorphons) were developed with 1-meter resolution for the Greater Raleigh, NC Area, based on 1-meter high-resolution lidar-derived digital elevation models representing the years 2013, 2015, and 2022. The ten geomorphons include the landscape forms representing peaks, ridges, shoulders, spurs, slopes, hollows, footslopes, valleys, pits, and flat areas. All files are available as Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF image file format, meaning they are formatted to work on the cloud or can be directly downloaded.

Tags: environment, erosion, geography, geomorphology, geomorphon, geoscientificinformation, geospatial-analysis, geospatial-datasets, hydrology, land-surface-characteristics, lidar, north-carolina, raleigh, topography, upper-neuse, usgs-63b57facd34e92aad3caa27a, wake
Organization: Department of the Interior
Base Contours of the principal aquifer for portions of the North Platte, South Platte, and Twin Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska

The U.S. Geological Survey and its partners have collaborated to complete airborne geophysical surveys 
for areas of the North and South Platte River valleys and Lodgepole Creek in western Nebraska. The 
objective of the surveys was to map the aquifers and bedrock topography of selected areas to help 
improve the understanding of groundwater-surface-water relationships to be used in water management 
decisions. Frequency-domain (2008 and 2009) and time-domain (2010) helicopter electromagnetic 
surveys were completed, using a unique survey flight line design, to collect resistivity data that can be 
related to lithologic information for refinement of groundwater model inputs.  To make the geophysical 
data useful for multidimensional groundwater models, numerical inversion is necessary to convert the 
measured data into a depth-dependent subsurface resistivity model.  This inversion model, in conjunction 
with sensitivity analysis, geological ground truth (boreholes), and geological interpretation, is used to 
characterize hydrogeologic features.  The two- and three- dimensional interpretation provides the 
groundwater modeler with a high-resolution hydrogeologic framework and a quantitative estimate 
of framework uncertainty.  This method of creating hydrogeologic frameworks improved the 
understanding of the actual flow path orientation by redefining the location of the paleochannels 
and associated bedrock highs. The improved models represent the hydrogeology at a level of 
accuracy not achievable using previous data sets.

Tags: environment, geoscientificinformation, imagerybasemapsearthcover, inlandwaters, nebraska, ogallala, principal-aquifer-boundary, scottsbluff, sidney, usgs-63b51da6-0421-4c55-a348-67b8575c08ca
Organization: Department of the Interior
Radiocarbon dating of silicified wood from around Steamboat Geyser in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, 2021-2022

In the past century, eruptions of Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone’s Norris Geyser Basin were mainly clustered in three episodes: between 1961 and 1969, between 1982 and 1984, and in a sequence of eruptions that began in 2018 (Reed et al., 2021) and resulted in extensive damage to, and mortality of the surrounding trees. To characterize tree response to geyser activity over time, and the response of geyser activity to climate variability, aerial and ground imagery were analyzed to document changes in tree coverage around the geyser since 1954. Twenty samples of silicified tree remnants were collected from near the geyser vent for radiocarbon (14C) dating to determine if trees grew during periods when the geyser was not erupting because of prolonged droughts in the Yellowstone Region in past centuries. Samples were collected on September 30, 2021, and on April 27, 2022, under the National Park Service Geology Programs Milestones Permit 2016-9.  
Radiocarbon (14C) dating of the mineralized wood and stable carbon isotope analyses (d13C) were performed at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Measurement and calculation methods are described in the laboratory’s web page.
The Bayesian software package Bchron (Haslett and Parnell, 2008) was used with the measured radiocarbon ages and the IntCal20 calibration curve (Reimer et al., 2020) to calculate age probability density functions for the most probable ages of tree growth. Two samples that yielded modern ages were excluded from the calculations. The Bchron software package uses a continuous Markov monotone stochastic process to make inference on a partially observed monotone stochastic process. The probability density functions were generated by randomly calibrating the radiocarbon date of each sample against the IntCal20 curve 10,000 times.
References Cited
Haslett, J. and Parnell, A., 2008. A simple monotone process with application to radiocarbon‐dated depth chronologies. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C, 57, 399-418.
Reed, M.H., Munoz-Saez, C., Hajimirza, S., Wu, S.M., Barth, A., Girona, T., Rasht-Behesht, M., White, E.B., Karplus, M.S., Hurwitz, S. and Manga, M., 2021, The 2018 reawakening and eruption dynamics of Steamboat Geyser, the world’s tallest active geyser: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, p.e2020943118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020943118
Reimer, P.J., Austin, W.E., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P.G., Ramsey, C.B., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Friedrich, M. and Grootes, P.M., 2020. The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon, 62, 725-757.

Tags: biota, carbon-14-analysis, geyser, mineralization, paleoclimate, paleohydrology, radiocarbon, usgs-63b4a5bfd34e92aad3ca9e8b, wyoming, yellowstone-national-park
Organization: Department of the Interior
Data release for "Effect of thermal and mechanical processes on hydraulic transmissivity evolution"

Laboratory flow-through tests were conducted during slide-hold-slide experiments in a conventional triaxial deformation configuration. Experiments were conducted on 1-inch diameter cylindrical cores of Westerly granite bisected by a sawcut oriented at 30 degrees from vertical. Tests were conducted at a constant confining pressure of 30 MPa with a 10 MPa pore fluid pressure. The pore fluid was deionized water. Experiments were conducted at temperatures of 22, 100, and 200 degC.

Tags: fluid-flow, fluid-rock-interactions, sealing, shear-fractures, usgs-63b485a1d34e92aad3ca9dfb
Organization: Department of the Interior
Data release for Ice and ocean constraints on early human migrations into North America along the Pacific coast

Founding populations of the first Americans likely occupied parts of Beringia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (1). The timing, pathways, and modes of their southward transit remain unknown, but blockage of the interior route by North American ice sheets between ~26-14 cal kyr BP (ka) favors a coastal route during this period. Using models and paleoceanographic data from the North Pacific, we identify climatically favorable intervals when humans could have plausibly traversed the Cordilleran coastal corridor during the terminal Pleistocene. Model simulations suggest that northward coastal currents strengthened during the LGM and at times of enhanced freshwater input, making southward transit by boat more difficult. Repeated Cordilleran glacial-calving events (2) would have further challenged coastal transit on land and at sea. Following these events, ice-free coastal areas opened and seasonal sea ice was present along the Alaskan margin until at least 15 ka. Given evidence for humans south of the ice sheets by 16 ka and possibly earlier (3), we posit that early people may have taken advantage of winter sea ice that connected islands and coastal refugia. Marine ice-edge habitats offer a rich food supply and traversing coastal sea ice could have mitigated the difficulty of traveling southward in watercraft or on land over glaciers. We identify 24.5-22 ka and 16.4-14.8 ka as environmentally favorable time periods for coastal migration, when climate conditions provided both winter sea ice and ice-free summer conditions that facilitated year-round marine resource diversity and multiple modes of mobility along the North Pacific coast.

Tags: air-temperature, ocean-circulation, ocean-currents, sea-surface-temperature, usgs-63b47a8cd34e92aad3ca9de1
Organization: Department of the Interior
Data Release: Mercury accumulation potential of aquatic plant species in West Dongting Lake, China

An ecological study on mercury contamination in the wetland of West Dongting Lake in China. This study measured the total mercury concentration in the soil and compared it to the measured total concentration of mercury in the above and below ground tissue of different plant species on the floodplain of West Dongting Lake. Bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and translocation factors were determined for each plant species at the nine study sites. Soil data on mercury concentration as well as moisture and bulk density was collected. Measurements of species richness, evenness and biodiversity were also calculated.

Tags: biota, china, dongting-lake, floodplain, floodplains, hyperaccumulator-plant, li-river, mercury, mercury-analysis, mercury-contamination, mercury-cycle, translocation-factor, usgs-63b4741cd34e92aad3ca9d86, west-dongting-lake, yangtze-river-basin, yellow-river, yuan-river
Organization: Department of the Interior
GIS Data for Geologic Map of the Dillon 1 x 2 Degrees Quadrangle, Idaho and Montana

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release provides an updated digital geospatial database for the geologic map of the Dillon 1 x 2 degrees quadrangle, Idaho and Montana (Ruppel and others, 1993). Attribute tables and geospatial features (lines and polygons) conform to the Geologic Map Schema (USGS NCGMP, 2020) and represent the geologic map as published in USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1803-H (Ruppel and others, 1993). Minor errors, such as mistakes in line decoration or differences between the digital data and the map image, are corrected in this version.

The database represents the geology for the 4.3 million acre, geologically complex Dillon 1 x 2 degrees quadrangle, at a publication scale of 1:250,000. The map covers primarily Beaverhead, Madison, Silver Bow, Deer Lodge, and Lemhi Counties, but also includes minor parts of Ravalli, Granite, and Jefferson Counties. These GIS data supersede those in the interpretive report.

References: Ruppel, E.T., O'Neill, J.M., and Lopez, D.A., 1993, Geologic map of the Dillon 1 x 2 degrees quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1803-H, scale 1:250,000, https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1803-h/.

U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, 2020, GeMS (Geologic Map Schema) - A standard format for the digital publication of geologic maps: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11, chap. B10, 74 p., https://doi.org//10.3133/tm11B10.

Tags: beaverhead-county, bedrock-geologic-units, deer-lodge-county, dillon, gems, geographic-information-systems, geologic-map-schema, geologic-maps, geology, geology-geophysics-and-geochemistry-science-center, geoscientificinformation, geospatial-datasets, gggsc, granite-county, id, idaho, jefferson-county, lemhi-county, madison-county, mineral-resources-program, montana, mrp, mt, national-cooperative-geologic-mapping-program, national-geologic-map-database, ncgmp, ngmdb, ravalli-county, silver-bow-county, structural-geology, u-s-geological-survey, usgs, usgs-63b468e1d34e92aad3ca9d38
Organization: Department of the Interior
Predicted exotic annual grass abundance in rangelands of the western United States using various precipitation scenarios for 2022

Invasion of exotic annual grass (EAG), such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), red brome (Bromus rubens), and medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae), could have irreversible degradation impact to arid and semiarid rangeland ecosystems in the western United States. The distribution and abundance of these EAG species are highly influenced by weather variables such as temperature and precipitation. We set out to develop a machine learning modelling approach using a lightGBM algorithm to predict how changes in annual and immediate past precipitation regimes impact the abundance of EAG in the study area. The predictive model primarily utilized edaphic and weather variables and a seed source proxy from previous years to make the predictions. We achieved strong training accuracy (r= 0.95 and MdAE=2.36 of percent cover) and test accuracy (r= 0.79 and MdAE=4.54 of percent cover). We predicted five versions of EAG percent cover maps for 2022 with different precipitation scenarios, i.e., with the 9-year average, half of the average, three fourth of the average, one and half of the average, and twice the average precipitation. Five versions of spatially explicit EAG percent cover 2022 datasets can provide valuable information to local and regional land managers so they would know what EAG abundance would look like with certain precipitation scenario.

Tags: annual-grass, annual-herbaceous, arizona, california, cheatgrass, colorado, exotic, field-brome, great-basin, idaho, invasive-species, japanese-brome, kansas, medusahead, montana, nebraska, nevada, new-mexico, nonindigenous-species, north-dakota, noxious, oklahoma, oregon, precipitation, red-brome, remote-sensing, sagebrush, scenarios, soft-brome, south-dakota, texas, united-states, usgs-63b45ea9d34e92aad3ca9d12, utah, washington, weather, western-united-states, wyoming
Organization: Department of the Interior
Depth grids for floodplain flood attenuation baseline and counterfactual scenarios in the Schuylkill River watershed, Pennsylvania

As part of a study to quantify floodplain flood attenuation ecosystem services, datasets were developed representing a baseline (current floodplain condition) and counterfactual (floodplain flood storage removed) scenario for 18 sites in the Schuylkill River Watershed, Pennsylvania. This data release contains rasters (3-m resolution) of baseline and counterfactual flood depth grids for the 0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01 annual exceedance probability (AEP) scenarios in the Schuylkill River Watershed, Pennsylvania. Depth grid raster datasets were used as input for riverine flood modeling in the Federal Emergency Management Agency HAZUS Program to estimate damages to buildings under various flood intensities. The HAZUS Program is a tool to estimate damages and associated losses due to natural disasters like floods. The data release also contains polyline shapefiles of (1) six floodplain storage volume cross-sections for the 0.01 AEP baseline scenario flood inundation boundary at each USGS streamgage of interest and (2) water surface cross-sections extending across all areas of interest inundation boundaries based on the 0.01 counterfactual scenario boundary. Floodplain storage volume cross-sectional lines (Schuylkill_Volume_xns) were used in the approximation of average floodplain flood water storage capacity of each area of interest. Water surface cross-sections (Schuylkill_DepthGrid_xns) were used for water surface interpolation in depth grid processing.

Tags: ecosystem-services-valuation, environment, flood-stage, geographic-information-systems, hydrology, inlandwaters, pennsylvania, streamflow, usgs-63b42c54d34e92aad3ca9ca8
Organization: Department of the Interior
Ken Pierce's Legacy Field Notebooks and Annotated Aerial Photographs, Geological, and Topographical Maps from Across the Western United States 1963-2021(ver. 2.0, January 2024)

Ken Pierce was a Research Geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey for over 55 years and authored numerous scientific papers, geologic maps, and field trip guides. This data release contains digital scans of 64 field notebooks 713 annotated aerial photographs, and 640 annotated geologic and topographic maps authored or annotated by Ken Pierce or his collaborators. Information contained in these notebooks, aerial photographs, and maps provide much of the underpinning of Ken Pierce's research, which focused largely on the glacial and geomorphological history of Yellowstone National Park and surrounding areas.

Tags: geology, geomorphology, geoscientificinformation, glaciology, grand-teton-national-park, idaho, montana, usgs-63af4e9fd34e92aad3ca60c7, wyoming, yellowstone-national-park
Organization: Department of the Interior
Geodatabase of oil and gas pads and roads within the Bureau of Land Management's Carlsbad Field Office administrative boundary, New Mexico

This database contains spatial data on the location, number, size and extent of energy-related surface disturbances within the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) Carlsbad Field Office (CFO) administrative area. The BLM administers over 2 million acres of surface estate and 3 million acres of mineral estate in the southeastern portion of New Mexico. The BLM requires a thorough and comprehensive reasonable foreseeable development (RFD) scenario which quantifies the current and future potential of oil and gas resources and the necessary water use associated with those activities. The database includes: 1) polygons of oil and gas pads generated from automated and manual classification of aerial imagery, 2) polylines of roads derived from the U.S. Census Bureau (2020) TIGER/Line Shapefile, supplemented with additional oil and gas access roads digitized from aerial imagery, 3) point locations of active and abandoned oil and gas wells in the CFO area accessed from NM Oil Conservation Division (OCD) geodata portal, and 4) a set of relationship classes that link the pad polygons to the well points (and all associated well attributes) based on unique identifiers. Pad polygons and road segments are attributed with a "spud year" date based on spud information from the nearest well point. Spudding is the process of beginning to drill a well in the oil and gas industry, and the spud year is a close approximation of when the access roads and pads were cleared for development. The spud year information can be used to develop a chronology of oil and gas surface disturbances across the study region.

Tags: biota, environment, gas, new-mexico, oil, oil-and-gas, permian-basin, roads, usgs-63af2696d34e92aad3ca5f71, wells
Organization: Department of the Interior
Plumeria Simulations of 20 December 2020 Kīlauea Volcano Eruption Plume

This data release contains results of model simulations of a plume at Kilauea volcano that occurred on 20 December 2020.  The ash-poor plume was produced when lava flowed into a water lake at the summit of Kilauea volcano.  Simulations were conducted to constrain the conditions under which the plume rose to its observed height.  The analysis and results are described in the accompanying paper:
Cahalan RC, Mastin L, Van Eaton A, Hurwitz S, Smith AB, Dufek J, Solovitz SA, Patrick M, Schmith J, Parcheta C, Thelen W, Downs DT (2023 (in press)) Dynamics of the December 2020 ash-poor plume formed by lava-water interaction at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.

Tags: biota, kilauea-volcano, plume-modeling, usgs-63d0749bd34e06fef14fd468, volcanic-hazards, volcanic-plume
Organization: Department of the Interior
Landscape and vegetation photos and ground truthing data collected on North Core Banks, NC in October 2022

These data map in high detail surficial cross-sections of North Core Banks, a barrier island in Cape Lookout National Seashore, NC, in October 2022. U.S. Geological Survey field efforts are part of an interagency agreement with the National Park Service to monitor the recovery of the island from Hurricanes Florence (2018) and Dorian (2019). Three sites of outwash, overwash, and pond formation were targeted for extensive vegetation ground-truthing, sediment samples, bathymetric mapping with a remote-controlled surface vehicle, and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) flights to collect multispectral imagery. Five semi-permanent ground control points were also installed and surveyed to act as control for additional aerial imagery collected via plane. UAS imagery were processed in Agisoft Metashape (v. 1.8.1) with surveyed temporary ground control points to produce calibrated multispectral (red, blue, green, red edge, near infrared, and panchromatic) orthoimages and digital surface models.

Tags: atlantic-ocean, bathymetry-and-elevation, biota, cape-lookout, cmhrp, coastal-and-marine-hazards-and-resources-program, coastal-ecosystems, geospatial-datasets, global-positioning-system-gps-observations, gps-measurement, ground-truthing, hurricane-dorian, hurricane-florence, land-use-and-land-cover, location, marsh, north-core-banks, physical-habitats-and-geomorphology, remote-sensing-coastal-change, sandsnap, state-of-north-carolina, substrate, u-s-geological-survey, usgs, usgs-63af01edd34e92aad3ca5ece, vegetation, vegetation-density, vegetation-height, vegetation-reference-data, whcmsc, woods-hole-coastal-and-marine-science-center
Organization: Department of the Interior