AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Historical simulated snowpack and other hydrometeorology data at 90 m for the Crown of the Continent and vicinity, United States and Canada, water years 1981-2020

This data release contains historical SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006) output for the Crown of the Continent and surrounding areas in Montana and Idaho, USA; and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada from September 1, 1981 through August 31, 2020. Fifteen daily variables were simulated or derived for this release: (1)  snow water equivalent (swed), (2) liquid precipitation (rpre), (3) solid precipitation (spre), (4) albedo (albd), (5) glacial ice melt (glmt), (6) total precipitation (prec), (7) runoff (roff), (8) snow covered area (sca), (9) snow density (sden), (10) snowmelt (smlt), (11) snow depth (snod), (12) snow sublimation (ssub), (13) air temperature (tair), (14) wind speed (wspd), and (15) wind direction (wdir). Daily variables were also summarized to monthly means or sums, and daily swed was also summarized to annual peak swed. Monthly summaries were further summarized to U.S. Geological Survey 12-digit Hydrologic Units. The simulation used to produce these outputs was conducted on a 90 m geospatial grid and was forced using meteorology from a recently completed (2023) 4 kilometer reanalysis product using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model covering the conterminous United States (CONUS404, Rasmussen and others, 2023a; 2023b). Land cover information for the simulation was provided by the 2016 National Land Cover Database (Jin and others, 2019) and 90 m elevation information was provided by the National Elevation Dataset (Gesch and others, 2018).

Tags: alberta, british-columbia, climatologymeteorologyatmosphere, crown-of-the-continent, glacier-national-park, idaho, montana, northern-rocky-mountains, precipitation-atmospheric, runoff, snow, snow-and-ice-cover, snowmelt, snowpack, usgs-6400b6dad34edc0ffaf4ef77, waterton-lakes-national-park
Organization: Department of the Interior
Target-chemical concentrations and microbiological results in surface water and tapwater, Montana, 2022

This data release contains the concentration and quality-assurance results for inorganic constituents, as well as organic compounds (volatile organic compounds [VOC], per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances [PFAS], pesticides and disinfection byproducts [DBP]) and microbiological results collected in the Little Big Horn River and residential or commercial tapwater locations in Montana. Twenty-two tapwater samples (six sourced from public supply and 14 sourced from private wells) and six surface-water samples were collected in Montana between August 8-10, 2022. Pharmaceuticals, VOC, and PFAS were analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) in Denver, Colorado. Pesticides and DBP were analyzed at the USGS Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory (OCRL) in Sacramento, California. Inorganic contaminants were analyzed at the USGS Redox Chemistry Laboratory (RCL) and the Analytical Trace Element Chemistry Laboratory (ATECL), Boulder, Colorado. Cyanotoxins were analyzed at the USGS Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory (OGRL), Lawrence, Kansas. Microbiological pathogens were analyzed by the National Institute of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infections Disease, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana.

Tags: drinking-water-use, environment, environmental-health-human, geoscientificinformation, health, inorganic-analytes, montana, organic-contaminants, point-of-use-exposure, surface-water, tapwater, united-states, usgs-6400a064d34edc0ffaf4ef1b, water-quality
Organization: Department of the Interior
Environmental DNA metabarcoding results of fish prey DNA in common loon (Gavia immer) fecal and cloacal swab samples from the Whitefish Chain of Lakes, Crow Wing County, Minnesota

The dataset contains sequencing read counts of fish prey eDNA metabarcoding (using primers targeting the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene) that were extracted from fecal and cloacal swab samples collected from common loons (Gavia immer) captured on the Whitefish Chain of Lakes, Crow Wing County, Minnesota during 2015-2106. Sample type (cloacal or fecal); loon identification, age, and sex; capture date and location; and prey detections for each sample are provided.

Tags: biota, common-loon, environmental-dna-metabarcoding, fish-prey, gavia-immer, usgs-64072d15d34e76f5f75e3796
Organization: Department of the Interior
Klamath Marsh January Through June Maximum Surface Water Extent, 1985-2021

The U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Water Science Center, in cooperation with The Klamath Tribes initiated a project to understand changes in surface-water prevalence of Klamath Marsh, Oregon and changes in groundwater levels within and surrounding the marsh. The initial phase of the study focused on developing datasets needed for future interpretive phases of the investigation. This data release documents the creation of a geospatial dataset of January through June maximum surface-water extent (MSWE) based on a model developed by Jones (2015; 2019) to detect surface-water inundation within vegetated areas from satellite imagery. The Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE) model uses Landsat at-surface reflectance imagery paired with a digital elevation model to classify pixels within a Landsat scene as one of the following types: “not water”, “water – high confidence”, “water – moderate confidence”, “wetland – moderate confidence”, “wetland – low confidence”, and “cloud/shadow/snow” (Jones, 2015; Walker and others, 2020). The model has been replicated by Walker and others (2020) for use within the Google Earth Engine (GEE, https://code.earthengine.google.com/) online geospatial processing platform. The GEE platform was used to create 37 annual composite raster images of maximum surface water inundation within the Klamath Marsh during January through June 1985–2021. The dataset presented here includes surface area calculations of January through June MSWE in tabular (.csv) format, 37 years of composite January through June MSWE datasets in raster (.tif) and vector (.shp) format, and a study area polygon in vector (.shp) format.
References Cited:
Jones, J.W., 2015, Efficient Wetland Surface Water Detection and Monitoring via Landsat: Comparison with in situ Data from the Everglades Depth Estimation Network. Remote Sensing, 7, 12503–12538.
Jones, J.W., 2019, Improved Automated Detection of Subpixel-Scale Inundation—Revised Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE) Partial Surface Water Tests. Remote Sensing, 11, 374. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040374
Walker, J.J., Petrakis, R.E., and Soulard, C.E., 2020, Implementation of a Surface Water Extent Model using Cloud-Based Remote Sensing - Code and Maps: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LH9YYF.

Tags: hydrologic-process, hydrology, imagerybasemapsearthcover, inlandwaters, klamath, landsat-images, oregon, remote-sensing, surface-water, upper-klamath, usgs-63ff8b5ad34e176a2a34f8be, water-resources, watershed-management, wetland-ecosystems, williamson-river, wocus-bay
Organization: Department of the Interior
Geochemical data for the Cenomanian-Turonian Eagle Ford Group recorded in the USGS Gulf Coast 3 (GC-3) drill core of southwest Texas (ver. 1.1, April 2025)

The Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Group in southwest Texas represents a geologic record of the Cenomanian-Turonian period in the southern Western Interior Seaway (WIS) of North America prior to and during the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE-2). Geochemical data generated and compiled here were collected on core samples taken from a wellbore near Del Rio, TX for the purpose of better characterizing the properties and variability within the Eagle Ford Group, an important and prolific petroleum source rock unit. The data have been integrated with sedimentological observations to characterize paleoenvironmental conditions at the southern WIS before and during OAE-2 (French et al., 2024).

Tags: biomarkers, cenomanian-turonian, cretaceous-western-interior-seaway, eagle-ford-group, geoscientificinformation, gulf-coast-basin, organic-biomarkers, source-rock-geochemistry, texas, usgs-63ff5708d34e176a2a34f7eb
Organization: Department of the Interior
Responses of Native Freshwater Mussels to Remedial Dredging in the upper Hudson River

The Hudson River, New York, was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from two General Electric plants over a period of ~30 years and PCBs are still present in sediment and biota today. The river provides habitat for a variety of plants and animals, including native freshwater mussels. Although little is known about mussels in this river, managers were concerned that a 7-year remediation program to remove PCB-contaminated sediments could affect mussels. From 2013-2019, we conducted stratified (non-remediated, before remediation, after remediation) quantitative surveys across 17-pool-stratum combinations across nine pools. Sampling was done during August through October of each year.  At each site, divers excavated sediment from two 0.063 square meter quadrats on the riverbed. Divers excavated substrates to a depth of about 15 centimeters and placed material from both quadrats into a 6-millimeter mesh bag. Mussels were sorted from the sediments, identified to species, aged by counting external annuli, and measured for shell length. These data were used to generate estimates of species composition, density, size, structure, and ecosystem services of mussel assemblages pre- and post-remediation.

Tags: assemblage-structure, biota, ecosystem-services, native-freshwater-mussels, natural-resource-damage-assessment-and-restoration, usgs-63fe5397d34e176a2a34abd8
Organization: Department of the Interior
Confirmatory sampling for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in shallow soils across New Hampshire, 2022

Data for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related chemical and physical characteristics are presented from 30 soil sampling locations within the State of New Hampshire. A total of 15 sites were chosen based on the results of sampling efforts published in Santangelo and others(2022). Sites with relatively high concentrations of PFAS observed during the first study were selected for resampling to better understand the range of concentrations of PFAS in the area. At each of the 15 sites, soil samples were collected as near to the original site as possible (site A), and a second set of soil samples were collected at a secondary location (site B) 50 to 600 feet away from the original location for a total of 30 sampling locations. At each location, soils were collected in 6-inch intervals to a maximum depth of 12 inches. Soil horizons were described using the National Soil Survey Center Natural Resources Conservation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (Schoeneberger and others, 2012). Analyses included 36 PFAS compounds, total organic carbon (TOC), moisture content, pH, and autoclaved-citrate extractable protein. Quality control samples included source-solution blanks, equipment blanks, and replicates (duplicates). 
References:
Santangelo, L.M., Tokranov, A.K., Welch, S.M., Schlosser, K.E.A., Marts, J.M., Drouin, A.F., Ayotte, J.D., Rousseau, A.E., and Harfmann, J.L., 2022, Statewide survey of shallow soil concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related chemical and physical data across New Hampshire, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KG38B5.
Schoeneberger, P.J., Wysocki, D.A., Benham, E.C., and Soil Survey Staff, 2012, Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 3.0: Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE, https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guides-and-instructions/field-book-for-describing-and-sampling-soils.

Tags: environment, pfas, soil-chemistry, soil-sciences, usgs-63fe454cd34e176a2a34abc0
Organization: Department of the Interior
Ground-Penetrating Radar for Select Stations in Main Creek and Bacon Ridge Sites in Anne Arundel County, Maryland for 2021

This data release includes data collected in the pursuit of identifying pre- and post-colonial riparian ecosystems found throughout Anne Arundel County, Maryland, USA. Nine shapefiles are included, representing the depths of various soil layers as identified by ground-penetrating radar for two detailed study sites within Anne Arundel County, as well as an estimate of the agricultural horizon.

Tags: anne-arundel, carbon-14-analysis, faunal-and-floral-census-microscopic, geoscientificinformation, ground-penetrating-radar, maryland, morphology-biological, physiographic-features, sedimentation, upper-chesapeake-bay, usgs-63fe3b91d34e176a2a34ab76, x-ray-fluorescence
Organization: Department of the Interior
Relative distance of California's Central Valley from trough to valley edge and supporting data

California's Central Valley ranges from the mountain fronts toward a central trough, mainly defined by the San Joaquin and Sacramento Rivers, and the relative distance from trough to valley edges is of interest. This data release provides supplemental data for the USGS Professional Paper 1766, titled Groundwater Availability of the Central Valley Aquifer, California and provides geographic information systems (GIS) datasets containing this relative distance grid and supporting data. Included in this data release are shapefiles used to define the Central Valley study area, the Central Valley trough, and a relative distance grid that may be used to spatially define other GIS data into zones between the edge of the Central Valley and the trough. These relative distances were calculated as part of groundwater availability study documented in the Professional Paper, for a 30 x 30-meter cell size grid for the Central Valley. The edge of the valley was represented by the boundary of the valley fill deposits and was assigned an arbitrary value of 1000. The valley trough was represented by the division of California's Department of Water Resource's groundwater subbasins from west to east, from the intersection of Enterprise, Anderson, and Millville subbasins in the north to the Westside and Kings subbasins in the south with an extended line through historic lakes Tulare, Buena Vista, and Kern. This valley trough was assigned a value of 0 which included the boundaries of the historic lakes.

Tags: boundaries, data-release, earth-sciences, elevation, geography, geoscientificinformation, geospatial-datasets, hydrographic-datasets, inlandwaters, study-areas, usgs-63fe338ad34e176a2a34ab45, usgs-publication-series, water-resources
Organization: Department of the Interior
Phytoplankton Data Collected from Four Kansas Reservoirs, during August 2020 through August 2022

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Data Release includes phytoplankton data collected from four reservoirs in Kansas, during August 2020 through August 2022. All data are reported as raw calculated values and are not rounded to USGS significant figures. The dataset includes all routine and quality assurance/quality control samples collected at twenty-five locations within Marion Reservoir, Milford Lake, Perry Lake, and Hillsdale Lake. Phytoplankton were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and densities and biovolumes are reported. This data is part of a larger multi-agency project between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and USGS called the Cyanobacteria Assessment Network (CyAN). The goal of the CyAN project is to develop a satellite-based, early warning system to detect harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater systems.

Tags: aquatic-biology, biota, hillsdale-lake, hydrology, kansas, limnology, marion-reservoir, milford-lake, perry-lake, phytoplankton, united-states, usgs-63fe2993d34e70052b9b6f4d, water-quality-data
Organization: Department of the Interior
Geographic Data for the Estimation of Peak Flow Statistics for Illinois

The U.S. Geological Survey Central Midwest Water Science Center completed a report (Over and others, 2023) documenting methods, results, and applications of an updated flood-frequency study for the State of Illinois. The study developed regional regression equations that relate the peak-flow quantiles and the basin characteristics of selected streamgages in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, based on data through water year 2017 (a water year is the period from October 1 to September 30 and is designated by the year in which it ends; for example, water year 2017 was from October 1, 2016, to September 30, 2017). The data provided through this data release are those digital datasets of basin characteristics that have been collected, tested, and ultimately selected for use in regional regression equations. These datasets consist of raster grid files for slope (slope100.zip), calculated from a published digital elevation model (DEM) (Schafer and Sharpe, 2023), soil slope (stats_slope100.zip) subsetted and resampled from Wolock (1997), a soil texture permeability index (texp_indx_rnd.zip) computed using data from Wolock (1997), land cover (nlcd16_22_23_24.zip) adapted from Yang and others (2018), a basin soil wetness measure (drclass1a.zip) computed from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2013), and an urbanization fraction (urbthe2010.zip) computed from Theobald 2010 data (Theobald, 2005). Some basin characteristics are not included in this data release as they are easily derived from StreamStats basin delineations themselves, such as basin drainage area. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Illinois Center for Transportation (ICT) and the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT), prepared these digital datasets of basin characteristics for use in the Illinois StreamStats application (https://streamstats.usgs.gov/ss/). Two additional shapefiles are provided: a shapefile of the streamgages (IL_StreamStats_Gages.zip) and a shapefile of the associated delineated streamgage drainage basins (IL_StreamStats_DrainageBasins.zip) used in analysis (Over and others, 2023).

Tags: basin-characteristics, delineated-basins, drainage-area, floods, hydrology, illinois, indiana, regression-analysis, slope, soil-slope, stream-discharge, streamflow, streamstats, texture-permeability-index, urbanization, usgs-63fe1611d34e70052b9b6f33, wisconsin
Organization: Department of the Interior
Reflectance measurements for eight samples submitted to the USGS Organic Petrology Laboratory in Reston

This data release contains reflectance measurements for eight samples submitted to the USGS Organic Petrology Laboratory in Reston. Samples include two artificial rock samples made from cement with organic matter added (samples 001-002), a coal and shale sample (samples 003-004, respectively), and hydrous pyrolysis residues for samples 001-004. The hydrous pyrolysis experiments were conducted at 330°C for 72 hours at the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Denver Federal Center. Samples were mounted into 1-inch circular briquettes in USGS-Reston according to ASTM D2797 for organic petrographic analysis. Cement plugs (samples 001-002, and pyrolysis residues 005-006) were crushed to approximately 1 mm top-size whereas rock powders (samples 003-004, and pyrolysis residues 007-008) were prepared as-received (chips and powders of varying size). Samples were mounted in a thermoplastic medium using a heat-setting hydraulic press. Examination surfaces were ground and mechanically polished to a 0.05 µm finish with a silica colloid suspension. Reflectance measurements on the coal sample and the coal pyrolysis residue followed ASTM D2798 whereas reflectance measurements on cement plugs and shales followed ASTM D7708. A Leica DM4000 microscope equipped with LED illumination and monochrome camera detection was used for reflectance analysis with the computer program DISKUS-FOSSIL by Hilgers Technisches Buero. A YAG calibration standard (0.908% Ro) from Klein and Becker was used to calibrate the microscope for all reflectance measurements.

Tags: bitumen-reflectance, colorado, earth-surface, energy-resources, eocene-epoch, mahogany-formation, organic-petrology, tertiary-period, usgs-63fe0c17d34e70052b9b6f0c, virginia, vitrinite-reflectance
Organization: Department of the Interior
Geologic Map of the Greenville 1 degree x 2 degree Quadrangle, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina

Regional geologic investigations show that all the metamorphosed crystalline rocks underlying the Greenville 1 degree x 2 degree quadrangle are allochthonous. Seismic-reflection studies, the COCORP line (Cook and others, 1979), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) seismic lines (Harris and Bayer, 1979; Harris and others, 1981) present seismic profiles across different parts of the southern Appalachians. Recent geophysical studies for the now discontinued Appalachian Ultradeep Core Hole (ADCOH) project were concentrated in the Greenville quadrangle (Hatcher and others, 1988). The ADCOH seismic-reflection profiles tie in with the COCORP profile of Cook and others (1979), providing a three-dimensional view of the Earth's crust (Coruh and others, 1987; Hatcher and others, 1987, 1988). The seismic studies clearly corroborate the allochthonous nature of the crystalline rocks as suggested by geologic mapping. They also suggest that Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in several thrust sheets continue from the Valley and Ridge beneath the crystalline rocks of the Blue Ridge and under a part of the western Inner Piedmont. Harris and Bayer (1979) suggest 179 km of westward transport for the crystalline rocks of the Blue Ridge.

Tags: amphibolite, antreville, blue-ridge, caesars-head-granite, calc-silicate-rock, cambrian, chauga-river-formation, copperhill-formation, coronaca-granite, devonian, diabase, digitization, earth-sciences, elberton-granite, folding-geologic, foliation-geologic, gabbro, geologic-history, georgia, geoscientificinformation, geospatial-datasets, gneiss, granite, granodiorite, great-smoky-group, greenville, helen-group, henderson-gneiss, horton-formation, hothouse-formation, hughes-gap-formation, igneous-rocks, jurassic, lineation-geologic, mesoproterozoic, mesozoic, metamorphic-rocks, metamorphism-geological, metasedimentary-rock, metavolcanic-rock, mississippian, monzonite, mylonite, nacoochee-formation, nantahala-shale, neoproterozoic, ocoee-supergroup, ordovician, paleozoic, paragneiss, pegmatite, pennsylvanian, permian, phyllite, phyllonite, plutonic-rocks, poor-mountain-formation, quartzite, radiometric-dating, richard-russell-formation, robertstown-formation, rubidium-strontium-analysis, schist, silurian, south-carolina, structural-geology, syenite, tonalite, toxaway-gneiss, trondhjemite, uranium-lead-analysis, usgs-63fe0860d34e70052b9b6ec7, volcanic-rocks, wehutty-formation
Organization: Department of the Interior