AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Water Isotope System for Precipitation and Entrainment Research (WISPER) IMPACTS V1

The Water Isotope System for Precipitation and Entrainment Research (WISPER) IMPACTS dataset consists of condensed water contents, water vapor measurements, and isotope ratios in support of the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S Atlantic Coast (2020-2023). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. The dataset files are available in ASCII format from January 18, 2020 through February 26, 2020.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-water-vapor, clouds, earth-science
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
UARS Particle Environment Monitor (PEM) Level 3TP V004 (UARPE3TP) at GES DISC

The Particle Environment Monitor (PEM) Level 3TP data product consists of daily, 65.536 second and 2.048 interval time-ordered, vertical profiles of electron and proton rates. PEM was made up of four instruments: the Atmospheric X-Ray Imaging Spectrometer (AXIS), the High Energy Particle Spectrometer (HEPS), the Medium Energy Spectrometer (MEPS), and the Vector Magnetometer (VMAG). PEM was flown on NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) to measure the type, amount, energy, and distribution of charged particles injected into the Earth's thermosphere, mesosphere, and stratosphere. The PEM Level 3TP data are processed with the version 4 algorithm.

The PEM level 3TP data are a special data product, providing higher temporal resolution than the level 3AT data, with the HEPS and MEPS instrument data in separate files. The HEPS profiles are made every 65.536 seconds, and the MEPS profiles are made every 2.048 seconds.

Data are on the UARS standard altitude levels (in km) given by:

z(i) = 5 * i,                i <= 12
z(i) = 60 + (i - 12) * 3,    13 <= i <= 32
z(i) = 120 + (i - 32) * 10,  33 <= i <= 50

The data files are available in a binary record oriented format.

Tags: earth-science, solar-energetic-particle-properties, sun-earth-interactions
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Ares I-X Ground Diagnostic Prototype

The automation of pre-launch diagnostics for launch vehicles offers three potential benefits: improving safety, reducing cost, and reducing launch delays. The Ares I-X Ground Diagnostic Prototype demonstrated anomaly detection, fault detection, fault isolation, and diagnostics for the Ares I-X first-stage Thrust Vector Control and for the associated ground hydraulics while the vehicle was in the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and while it was on the launch pad. The prototype combines three existing tools. The first tool, TEAMS (Testability Engineering and Maintenance System), is a model-based tool from Qualtech Systems Inc. for fault isolation and diagnostics. The second tool, SHINE (Spacecraft Health Inference Engine), is a rule-based expert system that was developed at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We developed SHINE rules for fault detection and mode identification, and used the outputs of SHINE as inputs to TEAMS. The third tool, IMS (Inductive Monitoring System), is an anomaly detection tool that was developed at NASA Ames Research Center. The three tools were integrated and deployed to KSC, where they were interfaced with live data. This paper describes how the prototype performed during the period before the launch, including accuracy and computer resource usage. The paper concludes with some of the lessons that we learned from the experience of developing and deploying the prototype.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GPM Ground Validation Duke Parsivel IPHEx V1

The GPM Ground Validation Duke Parsivel IPHEx dataset were collected during the GPM Ground Validation Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) field campaign which was held in the Southern Appalachian region, including the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions, of North Carolina.  OTT laser-based Parsivel instruments operated from  May 1, 2014 through June 30, 2014. The IPHEx campaign was designed to characterize warm season orographic precipitation regimes and determine the relationship between precipitation regimes and hydrologic processes in regions of complex terrain.  The parsivel data are available in ASCII-csv format for each of the parsivel locations and contain precipitation intensity and drop parameters.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-radiation, earth-science, precipitation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ARC Code TI: Geometry Manipulation Protocol (GMP)

The Geometry Manipulation Protocol (GMP) is a library which serializes datatypes between XML and ANSI C data structures to support CFD applications. This library currently provides a description of geometric configurations, general moving-body scenarios (prescribed and/or 6-DOF), and control surface settings.

Tags: ansi-c, cfd, earth-science, geometry, gmp, library, xml
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VIIRS/NPP Snow Cover Daily L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V002

This global Level-3 data set provides the percentage of snow-covered land and cloud-covered land observed daily, within 0.05° (approx. 5 km) MODIS/VIIRS Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) cells. Percentages are computed from snow cover observations in the 'VIIRS/NPP Snow Cover Daily L3 Global 375m SIN Grid' data set (DOI:10.5067/45VDCKJBXWEE).

Tags: atmosphere, clouds, cryosphere, earth-science, snow-ice
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SMAP_L1A_RADAR_RECEIVE_ONLY_METADATA_V002

SMAP Level 1A Radar Receive Only Product Metadata Version 2

Tags: active-remote-sensing, earth-observation-satellites, earth-remote-sensing-instruments, earth-science, imaging-radars, nasa-decadal-survey, platform-characteristics, radar, smap, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
TROPICS01 Pathfinder L2B Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimate (TCIE) Algorithm V1.0

The "Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats" (TROPICS) mission has a goal of providing nearly all-weather observations of three-dimensional temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal resolution to conduct high-value science investigations of tropical cyclones. The mission comprises a constellation of five identical Space Vehicles (SVs) conforming to the 3U form factor and hosting a passive microwave spectrometer payload.

Each SV hosts an identical high-performance spectrometer named the TROPICS Millimeter-wave Sounder (TMS) that will provide temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183-GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel near 205 GHz that is more sensitive to cloud-sized ice particles.

The TROPICS Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimate algorithm (TCIE), developed at the University of Wisconsin/CIMSS that uses native microwave brightness temperatures, estimates two primary TC variables: Minimum Sea Level Pressure (MSLP) and Maximum Sustained Winds (MSW). The TROPICS TCIE uses the brightness temperature perturbation of two temperature sounding channels (Ch. 6 and Ch. 7) and one channel from the moisture sounding channel (Ch. 1) along with ancillary information from the TC working best track file and the CIMSS ARCHER algorithm (eye size information) to estimate the TC intensity. This validated TCIE data release starts in June 2023 for the constellation CubeSats, and August 2021 for the TROPICS-01/Pathfinder.

Tags: earth-science, microwave, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Model-Based Diagnosis and Prognosis of a Water Recycling System

A water recycling system (WRS) deployed at NASA Ames Research Center’s Sustainability Base (an energy efficient office building that integrates some novel technologies developed for space applications) will serve as a testbed for long duration testing of next generation spacecraft water recycling systems for future human spaceflight missions. This system cleans graywater (waste water collected from sinks and showers) and recycles it into clean water. Like all engineered systems, the WRS is prone to standard degradation due to regular use, as well as other faults. Diagnostic and prognostic applications will be deployed on the WRS to ensure its safe, efficient, and correct operation. The diagnostic and prognostic results can be used to enable condition-based maintenance to avoid unplanned out- ages, and perhaps extend the useful life of the WRS. Diagnosis involves detecting when a fault occurs, isolating the root cause of the fault, and identifying the extent of damage. Prognosis involves predicting when the system will reach its end of life irrespective of whether an abnormal condition is present or not. In this paper, first, we develop a physics model of both nominal and faulty system behavior of the WRS. Then, we apply an integrated model-based diagnosis and prognosis framework to the simulation model of the WRS for several different fault scenarios to detect, isolate, and identify faults, and predict the end of life in each fault scenario, and present the experimental results.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OCO-2 Level 1B calibrated, geolocated science spectra V11.2 (OCO2_L1B_Science) at GES DISC

Version 11.2 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11.2.

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Their raw data numbers (DN) are delivered correlated in time to the Level 1B process as Level 1A products. Each band has 1016 spectral elements, although some are masked out in the L2 retrieval.This product is the output from the Level 1B process. It converts the raw instrument data numbers into calibrated radiances. This conversion is based upon files of instrument characteristics and algorithm parameters that may vary over time. In addition to calibrated radiances, the Level 1B output products have geolocation information recorded for each measurement for use in higher-level processes.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-chemistry, earth-science, infrared-wavelengths, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Earth Radiation area average time series through Wide-field-of-view nonscanner abroad Earth Radiation Budget Satellite

Understanding the mean and variability of the Earth’s radiation budget (ERB) at the Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) and surface is a fundamental quantity governing climate variability and, for that reason, NASA has been making concerted efforts to observe the ERB since1984 through two projects: ERBE and CERES, that span nearly 30 years to date.The proposed project utilizes knowledge gained in the last 10 years through CERES data analyses and apply the knowledge to existing data to develop long-term (nearly 30 years) consistent and calibrated data product (TOA irradiances at the same radiometric scale) from multiple missions (ERBS and CERES). This project proposes to produce level 3 surface irradiance products that are consistent with observed TOA irradiances in a framework of 1D radiative transfer theory. Based on these TOA and surface irradiance products, a data product will be developed which contains the contribution of atmospheric and cloud property variability to TOA and surface irradiance variability. All algorithms used in the process are based on existing CERES algorithms. All data sets produced by this project will be available from the Atmospheric Science Data Center.

Tags: atmosphere, atmospheric-radiation, earth-science
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA Earth Observatory Images

The Earth Observatory is part of the EOS Project Science Office located at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

Tags: astronomy, atmosphere, earth-science, heat, image-of-the-day, imagery, images, land, life, media-gallery, natural-hazards, photos-of-earth, picture-of-the-day, remote-sensing, snow-and-ice, water, world-of-change
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Uncertainty Representation and Interpretation in Model-based Prognostics Algorithms based on Kalman Filter Estimation

This article discusses several aspects of uncertainty represen- tation and management for model-based prognostics method- ologies based on our experience with Kalman Filters when applied to prognostics for electronics components. In par- ticular, it explores the implications of modeling remaining useful life prediction as a stochastic process and how it re- lates to uncertainty representation, management, and the role of prognostics in decision-making. A distinction between the interpretations of estimated remaining useful life probability density function and the true remaining useful life probabil- ity density function is explained and a cautionary argument is provided against mixing interpretations for the two while considering prognostics in making critical decisions.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ESMR/Nimbus-5 Level 1 Calibrated Brightness Temperature V001 (ESMRN5L1) at GES DISC

ESMRN5L1 is the Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) Level 1 Calibrated Brightness Temperature product and contains calibrated radiances expressed in units of brightness temperature measured at 19.35 GHz. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as the Calibrated Brightness Temperature Tapes (CBTT). The data are archived in their original IBM binary proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file.

The Nimbus-5 satellite was successfully launched on December 11, 1972. The ESMR experiment on Nimbus-5 continued the measurements made by its predecessor flown on Nimbus-4. The ESMR instrument objectives were (1) to derive the liquid water content of clouds from brightness temperatures over oceans, (2) to observe differences between sea ice and the open sea over the polar caps, and (3) to test the feasibility of inferring surface composition and soil moisture.

The ESMR Principal Investigator was Dr. Thomas T. Wilheit, Jr. from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The Nimbus-5 ESMR data are available from December 11, 1972 (day of year 346) through May 16, 1977 (day of year 136)

This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00219 (old ID 72-097A-04A).

Tags: earth-science, microwave, spectral-engineering
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GLAS/ICESat L1B Global Elevation Data (HDF5) V034

GLAH06 Level-1B Global Elevation is a product that is analogous to the geodetic data records distributed for radar altimetry missions. It contains elevations previously corrected for tides, atmospheric delays, and surface characteristics within the footprint. Elevation is calculated using the ice sheet parameterization. Additional information allows the user to calculate an elevation based on land, sea ice, or ocean algorithms. Each data granule has an associated browse product.

Tags: cryosphere, earth-science, glaciers-ice-sheets, land-surface, oceans, sea-ice, sea-surface-topography, topography
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
UARS Correlative UKMO Daily Gridded Stratospheric Assimilated Data V001 (UARZCUKM) at GES DISC

The UARS Correlative assimilation data from the U.K. Meteorological Office (UKMO) consists of daily model runs at 12:00 GMT as a means of providing an independent analysis for comparison with data from the UARS instruments. The UKMO product includes temperature (Kelvin), geopotential height (m), zonal and meridional wind components (m/s), and vertical velocity (Pa/s). Note: vertical velocity (omega) data are available from 26 August 1992 forward.

The numerical Unified Model used in the assimilation system is a global primitive equation model, with a split-explicit time integration scheme. It incorporates a comprehensive range of physical parameterization schemes. It uses a hybrid vertical coordinate system, with terrain-following model levels at low levels, gradually changing to pressure levels in the stratosphere. The input to the assimilation system are from the World Weather Watch network of surface and upper air observations and satellite data.

The UKMO correlative product consists of a single granule per day containing all the geophysical parameters. Data coverage is global for where the horizontal resolution is 2.5 degrees latitude by 3.75 degrees longitude, using a staggered grid system. For parameters other than wind components, each horizontal field consists of 73 rows of 96 points, starting at 90N, 0E. The wind data are staggered by half a grid, starting at 88.75N, 1.875E (with 72 rows).

The UKMO correlative assimilation data are on the UARS standard pressure levels (in mbars) given by:

P(i) = 1000 * 10**(-i/6)  for i = 0, 1, 2, ...

The data files are available in a binary record oriented format.

Tags: altitude, atmosphere, atmospheric-temperature, atmospheric-winds, earth-science
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VIIRS/JPSS1 Snow Cover Daily L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V002

This global Level-3 data set provides the percentage of snow-covered land and cloud-covered land observed daily, within 0.05° (approx. 5 km at the equator) MODIS/VIIRS Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) cells. Percentages are computed from snow cover observations in the 'VIIRS/JPSS1 Snow Cover Daily L3 Global 375m SIN Grid' data set (DOI:10.5067/UAJGR7WVWDDI).

Tags: atmosphere, clouds, cryosphere, earth-science, snow-ice
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Global Land Survey 1975

Global Land Survey 1975 images were acquired from 1972 to 1987 by Landsat 1-5 MSS.  Landsat 4-5 data were used to fill gaps in the Landsat 1-3 data.
 
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) collaborated on the creation of the global land datasets using Landsat data from 1972 through 2008. Each of these global datasets was created from the primary Landsat sensor in use at the time: the Multispectral Scanner (MSS) in the 1970s, the Thematic Mapper (TM) in 1990, the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) in 2000, and a combination of TM and ETM+, as well as EO-1 ALI data, in 2005.

Tags: earth-science, land-surface, surface-radiative-properties, topography
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Apollo Surface Panoramas

Apollo Surface Panoramas is a digital library of photographic panoramas that the Apollo astronauts took while exploring the Moon's surface. These images provide a spectacular boots-on-the-ground view of the lunar landscape. Lunar surface features captured in the panoramas can be studied using zoom and pan tools. An annotated version of each panorama is also available to assist users with the identification of major geographic features around each Apollo landing site.

Tags: circulation, imagery, mapping, modeling, space-science, venus
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ICESat-2 Calibration/Validation LVIS L1B Georeferenced Imagery V001

This data set contains georeferenced imagery from the NASA Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS) PhaseOne medium-format camera, which was operated on high-altitude segments of flights during the ICESat-2 2022 Arctic Summer calibration campaign.

Tags: earth-science, spectral-engineering, visible-wavelengths
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
ARC Code TI: IND: Creation and Manipulation of Decision Trees from Data

IND is applicable to most data sets consisting of independent instances, each described by a fixed length vector of attribute values. An attribute value may be a number, one of a set of attribute specific symbols, or omitted. One of the attributes is delegated the 'target' and IND grows trees to predict the target. Prediction can then be done on new data or the decision tree printed out for inspection.

Tags: data-processing, decision-tree, ind, manipulation, prediction
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Privacy Preserving Outlier Detection through Random Nonlinear Data Distortion

Consider a scenario in which the data owner has some private/sensitive data and wants a data miner to access it for studying important patterns without revealing the sensitive information. Privacy preserving data mining aims to solve this problem by randomly transforming the data prior to its release to data miners. Previous work only considered the case of linear data perturbations — additive, multiplicative or a combination of both for studying the usefulness of the perturbed output. In
this paper, we discuss nonlinear data distortion using potentially nonlinear random data transformation and show how it can be
useful for privacy preserving anomaly detection from sensitive datasets. We develop bounds on the expected accuracy of the
nonlinear distortion and also quantify privacy by using standard definitions. The highlight of this approach is to allow a user
to control the amount of privacy by varying the degree of nonlinearity. We show how our general transformation can be used for anomaly detection in practice for two specific problem instances: a linear model and a popular nonlinear model using the sigmoid function. We also analyze the proposed nonlinear transformation in full generality and then show that for specific
cases it is distance preserving. A main contribution of this paper is the discussion between the invertibility of a transformation
and privacy preservation and the application of these techniques to outlier detection. Experiments conducted on real-life datasets
demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.

Tags: ames, dashlink, nasa
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA 3D Models: GRACE

GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), twin satellites launched in March 2002, are making detailed measurements of Earth's gravity field which will lead to discoveries about gravity and Earth's natural systems. These discoveries could have far-reaching benefits to society and the world's population.

Tags: 3d-model, earth-science, eyes-on-the-earth-3d, grace, satellite, spacecraft
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration