AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
SAFARI 2000 MODIS L3 Albedo and Land Cover Data, Southern Africa, Dry Season 2000

The Filled Land Surface Albedo Product for Southern Africa, which is generated from MOD43B3 Product (the official Terra/MODIS-derived Land Surface Albedo - http://geography.bu.edu/brdf/userguide/albedo.html ), is a subset of the global data set of spatially complete albedo maps computed for both white-sky and black-sky at 10 wavelengths. The data spatial extent is from approximately 5 degrees N to -30 degrees S latitude and 5 minutes E to 60 degrees E longitude and covers 7 sixteen day periods starting on July 11 through October 15, 2000.Map Products, containing spatially complete land surface albedo data, are generated at 1-minute resolution on an equal-angle grid. The maps are stored in separate HDF files for each wavelength, each 16-day period and each albedo type (white- and black-sky). Data belonging to black sky and white sky albedo have been zipped separately. This format allows the user to have flexibility to download and store only the data absolutely needed.The One-Minute Land Ecosystem Classification Product is a global (static map) data set of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) classification scheme stored on an equal-angle rectangular grid at 1-minute resolution. The dataset is generated from the official MODIS land ecosystem classification dataset, MOD12Q1 for year 2000, day 289 data (October 15, 2000). This dataset is used in generating the spatially complete albedo maps, but is also a stand-alone product designed for use by the user community. The Land Ecosystem Classification Map File product file is stored in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF).

Tags: earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-use-land-cover-classification, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Monthly Climatology for the 20th Century (New et al.)

This is a data set of mean monthly surface climate data over Southern Africa for nearly all of the twentieth century. The data set is gridded at 0.5 degree latitude/longitude resolution and includes seven variables: precipitation, mean temperature, diurnal temperature range, wet-day frequency, vapour pressure, cloud cover, and ground-frost frequency. All variables have mean monthly values for the period 1901-1995, several have data as recent as 1998, and more data will be added by the data originators. In constructing the monthly grids the authors used an anomaly approach which attempts to maximize station data in space and time (New et al., 2000). In this technique, grids of monthly historic anomalies are derived relative to a standard normal period. Station measurement data for the years 1961-1990, extracted from the monthly data holdings of the Climatic Research Unit and the Global Historic Climatology Network (GHCN), served as the normal period (New et al., 1999). The anomaly grids were then combined with high-resolution mean monthly climatology to arrive at fields of estimated historical monthly surface climate. Data users are encouraged to see the companion file New et al. (2000) for a complete description of this technique and potential applications and limitations of the data set. For additional information, refer to the IPCC Data Distribution Centre. Access to the complete year-by-year monthly data set or to data more recent than posted here can be achieved by making a request with the Climate Impacts LINK Project at the Climatic Research Unit (email: d.viner@uea.ac.uk, web site: www.cru.uea.ac.uk/link ).

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-maximum-minimum-temperatur, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-water-vapor, earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-properties-cloud-frequency, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount, earth-science-weather-events-atmosphere-freeze-frost
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Meteorological and Flux Tower Measurements in Maun, Botswana, 2000

To investigate potential contributions of savanna ecosystems to the Earth s carbon balance, an eddy covariance system was used to measure the seasonal variation in carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux at the Maun micrometerological tower site in a broadleaf semi-arid savanna in Southern Africa, approximately 20 km east of Maun in northeastern Botswana. The open woodland studied consists of an overstory dominated by Colophospermum mopane with a sparse understory of grasses and herbs. Measurements presented in this data set cover the wet and dry season periods that coincided with field activities of the SAFARI 2000 project in February-April and August-September, 2000. The data files contain numeric values that represent 30-minute averages from instrumentation mounted on the Maun tower. The parameters measured, or derived from measurements, include: air pressure, air temperature, albedo, carbon dioxide flux, dewpoint temperature, friction velocity, latent heat flux, longwave radiation, net radiation, precipitation, relative humidity, sensible heat flux, shortwave radiation, soil moisture, soil temperature, specific humidity, vapor pressure, and wind speed. The data files are stored as ASCII table files, one file per month, in comma-separated-value (.csv) format, with column headers.Long term climatic data of the Maun area (monthly rainfall, maximum recorded monthly rainfall, mean maximum daily temperature, mean minimum daily temperature, and potential evapotranspiration) are provided, along with data set documentation, in the companion file: ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/safari2k/climate_meteorology/maun_met_flux/comp/maun_met_flux_readme.pdf.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-atmospheric-pressure-measurements, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-heat-flux, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-incoming-solar-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-longwave-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-net-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-shortwave-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-potential-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-dew-point-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-surface-winds, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-liquid-precipitation-rain, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-temperature, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-albedo, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-photosynthetically-active-radiation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer Data, Southern Africa, Dry Season 2000

The Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) was deployed on the University of Washington CV-580 during the dry season component of the Southern African Regional Science Initiative, August 1 - September 20, 2000. The SSFR made simultaneous measurements of both downwelling and upwelling net solar spectral irradiance at varying flight levels. Data have been provided for twenty flights in netcdf format for the period August 17 - September 16, 2000.For a complete detailed guide to the extensive measurements obtained aboard the UW Convair-580 aircraft in support of SAFARI 2000, see the UW Technical Report for the SAFARI 2000 Project.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-incoming-solar-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-radiation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 PAI Estimates from Hemispherical Photography, Kalahari Transect

This data set was collected during February-March 2000 wet season and September 2000 dry season field campaigns of SAFARI 2000. Mongu in Zambia and Pandematenga (aka Kasane) and Tshane in Botswana were visited during the wet season campaign. Dry season data are for Mongu only. Hemispherical photographs, from which Plant Area Index (PAI) estimates are derived, were obtained at the field sites to characterize vegetation structural changes along the Kalahari Transect. At each site, photographs were collected using a Nikon Coolpix 950 digital camera with a fish-eye lens mounted on a tripod, every 25 m along three transects, each 750 m in length. The methodology of van Gardingen et al. (1999) was applied to process the data. The photographs are classified into sky and vegetation (trunk, green and senescent leaves, and branches) using an unsupervised classification scheme. Derivation of gap fraction estimates was carried out by dividing the azimuth sector for each view zenith into 72 equal area segments with the gap fraction estimated for each segment. The average azimuth segmented gap fraction was used to characterize the gap fraction at the current view zenith angle. This approach attempts to reduce the underestimation introduced by assuming a random distribution in clumped canopies. PAI estimates were derived from the gap fraction data using Miller's (1967) formula for average foliage density.Data are in comma-delimited ASCII files, one for each transect at each site, containing a 5-line header, then a blank line, column names, and the two-column data (sample number and PAI).

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-canopy-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-plant-characteristics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 SeaWiFS Images for the Southern African Region, 1999-2001

This data set contains Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) imagery for the southern African region. These images are Level-1a swaths of the southern Africa region selected from global area coverage (GAC) at 4.5-km resolution. The data files presented here were selected from a large collection of SeaWiFS images based on image clarity and lack of clouds. Several hazy days were included as a contrast. The data are provided in HDF formatted files. The SeaWiFS sensor, launched in late 1997, collects data in 8 bands ranging from 402 nm to 885 nm. SeaWiFS data are available at two spatial resolutions, local area coverage (LAC), at 1.1 km, and global area coverage (GAC) at 4.5-km resolution. There are many additional images available at the SeaWiFS Web site. More information about this dataset can be found in the companion document, SAFARI 2000 SeaWiFS Site and Regional Imagery Descriptions. ORNL DAAC maintains information on the entire SAFARI 2000 Project.

Tags: earth-science-visible-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-visible-imagery, earth-science-visible-wavelengths-spectral-engineering-visible-radiance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Reflectance of Fire Residue, Kruger National Park, Dry Season 2000

The goal of this study was to understand the change in reflectance caused by the action of fire and the heterogeneity of fire effects (i.e., the fraction of the observation that burned and the combustion completeness of that observation). A spectral mixture model and field and satellite observations were used to compare changes in Landsat reflectance associated with fire and combustion completeness derived from field measurements at prescribed fire sites in South Africa and to substantiate and illustrate the model findings.Fire residue samples were collected from experimental burn plots in Kruger National Park during the SAFARI 2000 Dry Season Campaign in August-September of 2000. The residues include 3 different ash types: pure white ash; black ash; and residual non-photosynthetic fuel biomass (senescent grass, twigs, leaves, and bark). The samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine their multi-spectral reflectance using an Analytic Spectral Devices (ASD) radiometer, which measures spectral reflectance in the range 0.45-2.2 um at intervals of 0.01 um. The ASD measurements were made under diffuse illumination conditions in the spectral range of 350 nm to 2500 nm, with the ASD radiometer aligned perpendicular to the samples to simulate nadir remote sensing conditions.The data file contains reflectance measurements (fraction, 0-1) for replicate samples of 3 different ash types (white ash, black ash, and non-photosynthetic vegetation) recorded at 10 nm intervals over the wavelength spectral range of 350 nm to 2500 nm. The data are stored in a single ASCII file in comma-separate-value format (.csv).

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-fire-ecology-fire-dynamics, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-fire-ecology-fire-occurrence, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Physical and Chemical Properties of Aerosols, Dry Season 2000

The Southern African Regional Science Initiative 2000 (SAFARI 2000) provided an opportunity to study aerosol particles produced by savanna burning. We used analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM), including energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), to study aerosol particles from several smoke and haze samples and from a set of cloud samples. These aerosol particle samples were collected using the University of Washington Convair CV-580 research aircraft (Posfai et al., 2003).Individual aerosol particles in smoke plumes from biomass fires and in regional hazes in southern Africa were studied using analytical transmission electron microscopy, which allowed detailed characterization of carbonaceous particle types in smoke and determination of changes in particle properties and concentrations during smoke aging. Based on composition, morphology, and microstructure, three distinct types of carbonaceous particles were present in the smoke: organic particles with inorganic (K-salt) inclusions; 'tar ball' particles; and soot. The relative number concentrations of organic particles were largest in young smoke, whereas tar balls were dominant in a slightly aged (~1 hour) smoke from a smoldering fire. Flaming fires emitted relatively more soot particles than smoldering fires, but soot was a minor constituent of all studied plumes. Further aging caused the accumulation of sulfate on organic and soot particles, as indicated by the large number of internally mixed organic/sulfate and soot/sulfate particles in the regional haze. Externally mixed ammonium sulfate particles dominated in the boundary layer hazes, whereas organic/sulfate particles were the most abundant type in the upper hazes. Apparently, elevated haze layers were more strongly affected by biomass smoke than those within the boundary layer. Based on size distributions and the observed patterns of internal mixing, we hypothesize that organic and soot particles are the cloud-nucleating constituents of biomass smoke aerosols. Sea-salt particles dominated in the samples taken in stratus clouds over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Namibia, whereas a distinct haze layer above the clouds consisted of aged biomass smoke particles.

Tags: earth-science-aerosols-atmosphere-aerosol-particle-properties
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sentinel-6A MF Jason-CS L2 P4 Altimeter Low Resolution (LR) NRT Reduced Ocean Surface Topography

Provides low resolution (LR) near real time (NRT; 3-hour latency) measurements of sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), Significant Wave Height (SWH), and Wind Speed. The NRT product is analogous to the Jason-3 OGDR product.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-waves-oceans-significant-wave-height, earth-science-sea-surface-topography-oceans-sea-surface-height
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Soil Types, 0.5-Deg Grid (Modified Zobler)

The data set consists of a southern African subset of the "Global Soil Types, 0.5-Degree Grid (Modified Zobler)" data set. Data files are provided in ASCII GRID format. A global data set of soil types is available at 0.5-degree latitude by 0.5-degree longitude resolution. There are 106 soil units, based on Zobler?s (1986) assessment of the FAO/UNESCO Soil Map of the World. This data set is a conversion of the Zobler 1-degree resolution version to a 0.5-degree resolution. The resolution of the data set was not actually increased. Rather, the 1-degree squares were divided into four 0.5-degree squares with the necessary adjustment of continental boundaries and islands.

Tags: earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-classification, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-texture
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Upper Air Meteorological Profiles, South Africa, Dry Season 2000

The University of Wyoming has a series of balloonborne radiosonde measurements from all around the world, from the surface to 30 km. This data set contains upper air meteorological profiles from 594 radiosonde launches deployed from sites in South Africa. These sonde launches were made to augment the regional sounding network in the region during the SAFARI 2000 Dry Season Campaign of 2000.Vaisala RS80 sondes were launched from nine sites in South Africa between August 1, 2000 and September 30, 2000. The launch sites were Pietersburg (changed to Polokwane after 2000), Pretoria (Irene), Bethlehem, Springbok, De Aar, Durban, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, and Gough Island. The parameters measured by the radiosonde instruments include: pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-dew-point-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-potential-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere-upper-level-winds
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research (SABOR) collaborative campaign

SABOR (Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research) Collaborative campaign occurred from 19 Jul 2014 - 05 Aug 2014 that sampled the Gulf of Maine, near Bermuda, and shore-waters off the East coast of the United States.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans, earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans, earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SAFARI 2000 Pre- and Post-fire Reflectance near Kaoma, Zambia, Dry Season 2000

The main goal of this study was to analyze the possibility of estimating combustion completeness based on fire-induced spectral reflectance changes of surface features by the development of relationships between combustion completeness and pre-fire to post-fire spectral reflectance changes, in the green, red, and near-infrared spectral domains (equivalent to Landsat ETM+ channels 2, 3, and 4). Experimental burns were carried out in the Western Province of Zambia in dambos (hydromorphic grasslands) and miombo woodlands during the SAFARI 2000 Third Intensive Field Campaign in August and September of 2000.This data set contains three sets of measurements: reflectance measurements from a FieldSpec UV/VNIR Spectroradiometer along burned and unburned woodland transects, in pre- and post-fire woodland and dambo plots, and for pure spectra of soil, vegetation, and charcoal; reflectance and transmittance measurements of both upper and lower leaf faces for three tree species (Julbernardia globiflora, Isoberlinia angolensis, and Brachystegia spiciformis) using an External Integrating Sphere connected to the FieldSpec Spectroradiometer; and calculations that integrate pre- and post-fire biomass measurements with pre- and post-fire reflectance in ETM+ channel 2, 3, and 4 wavelengths to estimate combustion completeness. The data files are stored as Excel spreadsheets (.csv format). Additional information about the data format, study area, instrumentation, and results is found in the companion file: ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/safari2k/remote_sensing/pre_post_fire_refl/comp/pre_post_fire_refl_readme.pdf.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-transmittance, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-fire-ecology-fire-dynamics, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-fire-ecology-fire-occurrence, earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-grasslands, earth-science-environmental-impacts-human-dimensions-biomass-burning, earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-reflectance, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SHIFT: HyTES L2 Geolocated Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity, March 23 2022

This dataset holds Level 2 (L2) data for surface emissivity and land surface temperature (LST) collected by the Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES) instrument. This imagery was acquired as part of the Surface Biology and Geology High-Frequency Time Series (SHIFT) campaign on March 23, 2022. The SHIFT campaign generated precise, high-frequency data on plant communities for nearly 1,656 square kilometers across Santa Barbara County, California, US, and the nearby ocean. HyTES is a compact image spectrometer that acquires data in 256 spectral bands between 7.5 and 12 micrometers; it was deployed on a Twin Otter aircraft. The SHIFT campaign sought to demonstrate the joint use of both VSWIR and thermal infrared (TIR) data. TIR data are used to measure land surface temperature (LST), which informs models of water flux from land surface through processes such as evapotranspiration. LST is sensitive to solar heat gains and local cooling effects due to evaporative cooling. The HyTES instrument measures TIR radiances that can be used to derive LST, emissivity and Level 3 products such as latent heat flux and detection of air pollution sources. The HyTES data are provided in HDF5 format and include 91 flight scenes. In addition, overlay images for emissivity and LST are provided in compressed Keyhole Markup Language (KMZ) along with a quicklook image.

Tags: earth-science-surface-radiative-properties-land-surface-emissivity, earth-science-surface-thermal-properties-land-surface-land-surface-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration