AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Debate: "How low should LDL cholesterol be lowered?" Viewpoint: "It doesn't need to be very low"

The importance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) control in the management of patients at high risk of cardiovascular events is unquestionable. The major statin trials have shown that the benefits of LDL lowering extend throughout the range of risk and the range of serum cholesterol, and have indicated that the protective effects of the intervention are mostly related to the baseline risk. Statin therapy is, for this reason, currently seen as an anti-atherogenic approach for the majority of high risk individuals and possibly all coronary heart disease patients. This debate is not about the value of statin therapy or the importance of LDL reduction, but about the goals to be set once we decide that LDL cholesterol must be reduced. With the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines representing a solid middle ground, the two viewpoints in this debate try to argue, on one hand, that the LDL goals should be substantially lower than our current standards or, on the other, that a specific on-treatment LDL value may not be the most important goal to pursue. We defend the latter position by presenting the case that the most effective LDL intervention in high risk patients is to achieve a reduction of at least 30%. This strategy complies with the NCEP guidelines, as most of the high risk patients treated with an average dose of an average statin would experience a 30-40% LDL reduction that would put on-treatment LDL levels safely below goal. Our position differs from both the guidelines and the proponents of more aggressive LDL goals in the management of the two extremes of the cholesterol distribution, where our lack of interest in a predefined on-treatment LDL concentration would make us more aggressive than guidelines on low baseline LDL patients and less aggressive than guidelines on high baseline LDL patients.

Tags: atherosclerosis, cardiovascular-risk, ldl-cholesterol, nih, statin-therapy
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Phoenix: Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits, 2004-2011 - All Visits

Excel file with estimates, rates, relative standard errors, trends and confidence intervals for all drug-related emergency department (ED) visits in the Phoenix metropolitan area, covering 2004-2011. File includes all drug-related ED visits that are reportable to DAWN without regard for the reason for the visit or the specific drugs involved. It includes visits involving all forms of drug misuse or abuse plus visits resulting from adverse reaction, accidental ingestion, suicide attempts, and visits where patients were seeking detoxification services. These estimates are useful for looking at overall levels of drug involvement in ED visits.File includes data for over 500 drugs, including illicit drugs, prescription and over-the-counter medications, dietary supplements, inhalants and alcohol.  Includes total visits, gender, age group, race/ethnicity, outcome of visit, drug combinations, number of drugs involved in visit, drug frequency, and drugs confirmed by toxicology.Additional detail is provided for illicit drugs, psychotherapeutic drugs, central nervous system (CNS) drugs, respiratory drugs and cardiovascular drugs.

Tags: dawn-data, drug-related-ed-visits, phoenix-metropolitan-area, samhsa, substance-abuse
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Table 12. Alcohol Use and Binge Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by State: Percentages, Annual Averages Based on 2010 and 2011 NSDUHs

This report presents State estimates for measures of past month alcohol use and binge alcohol use among those aged 12 to 20 based on the combined 2010 and 2011 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs).

Tags: binge-drinking, nsduh, samhsa, substance-use-survey, youth-alcohol-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Intensive care transfers

The demand for intensive care has increased relentlessly over the past 30 years. It is now regarded as a necessity rather than a luxury. The provision of intensive care has lagged behind that demand. Thus, patients who are judged to need intensive care when a bed is unavailable are increasingly transferred to another hospital for such care. The present commentary discusses intensive care transfers and describes a website being trialled in the UK that helps with locating available intensive care beds.

Tags: critical-care, intensive-care, nih, patient-transfer
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
4.11a Facilities offering special programs or groups for specific client types, by facility operation and primary focus of facility: 2011. Number

This is a National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) data table showing facilities offering special programs or groups for specific client types, by facility operation and primary focus of facility in 2011. N-SSATS is designed to collect data on the location, characteristics, and use of alcohol and drug abuse treatment facilities and services throughout the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and other U.S. jurisdictions.

Tags: client-types, facility-characteristics, samhsa, special-programs, substance-abuse-treatment
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Delta-Notch signaling and lateral inhibition in zebrafish spinal cord development

Background
          Vertebrate neural development requires precise coordination of cell proliferation and cell specification to guide orderly transition of mitotically active precursor cells into different types of post-mitotic neurons and glia. Lateral inhibition, mediated by the Delta-Notch signaling pathway, may provide a mechanism to regulate proliferation and specification in the vertebrate nervous system. We examined delta and notch gene expression in zebrafish embryos and tested the role of lateral inhibition in spinal cord patterning by ablating cells and genetically disrupting Delta-Notch signaling.
        
        
          Results
          Zebrafish embryos express multiple delta and notch genes throughout the developing nervous system. All or most proliferative precursors appeared to express notch genes whereas subsets of precursors and post-mitotic neurons expressed delta genes. When we ablated identified primary motor neurons soon after they were born, they were replaced, indicating that specified neurons laterally inhibit neighboring precursors. Mutation of a delta gene caused precursor cells of the trunk neural tube to cease dividing prematurely and develop as neurons. Additionally, mutant embryos had excess early specified neurons, with fates appropriate for their normal positions within the neural tube, and a concomitant deficit of late specified cells.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Our results are consistent with the idea that zebrafish Delta proteins, expressed by newly specified neurons, promote Notch activity in neighboring precursors. This signaling is required to maintain a proliferative precursor population and generate late-born neurons and glia. Thus, Delta-Notch signaling may diversify vertebrate neural cell fates by coordinating cell cycle control and cell specification.

Tags: delta-notch-signaling, lateral-inhibition, neural-development, nih, zebrafish-spinal-cord
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525644: N,N-Dimethyl-N'-pentyl-p-methoxybenzamidine

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 4-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-N'-pentylbenzenecarboximidamide. Molecular Formula: C15H24N2O. Molecular Weight: 248.36. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Low frequency of

In order to explore the possible role of E-cadherin in familial cancer, 19 familial breast cancer patients, whose tumours demonstrated loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the E-cadherin locus, were screened for germline mutations. No pathogenic germline alterations were detected in these individuals. However, a somatic mutation was found (49-2A→C) in one of the tumours. This tumour showed a pattern of both ductal and lobular histology. Another 10 families with cases of breast, gastric and colon cancer were also screened for germline mutations, and no mutations were found. A missense mutation in exon 12 of E-cadherin (1774G→A; Ala592Thr) was previously found in one family with diffuse gastric cancer, and colon and breast cancer. An allelic association study was performed to determine whether the Ala592Thr alteration predisposes to breast cancer. In total, we studied 484 familial breast cancer patients, 614 sporadic breast cancer patients and 497 control individuals. The frequencies of this alteration were similar in these groups. However, a correlation between the Ala592Thr alteration and ductal comedo-type tumour was seen. These results, together with previously reported studies, indicate that germline mutations and, more commonly, somatic mutations in E-cadherin may have an influence on the behaviour of the tumours, rather than predispose to breast cancer.

Tags: breast-cancer, e-cadherin, familial-cancer, genetic-mutation, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525258: N''-Isobutyl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-guanidine

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-(2-methylpropyl)guanidine. Molecular Formula: C9H21N3. Molecular Weight: 171.28. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Identification of the gene encoding Brain Cell Membrane Protein 1 (BCMP1), a putative four-transmembrane protein distantly related to the Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 / Epithelial Membrane Proteins and the Claudins

Background
          A partial cDNA clone from dog thyroid presenting a very significant similarity with an uncharacterized mouse EST sequence was isolated fortuitously. We report here the identification of the complete mRNA and of the gene, the product of which was termed "brain cell membrane protein 1" (BCMP1).
        
        
          Results
          The 4 kb-long mRNA sequence exhibited an open-reading frame of only 543 b followed by a 3.2 kb-long 3' untranslated region containing several AUUUA instability motifs. Analysis of the encoded protein sequence identified the presence of four putative transmembrane domains. Similarity searches in protein domain databases identified partial sequence conservations with peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22)/ epithelial membrane proteins (EMPs) and Claudins, defining the encoded protein as representative of the existence of a novel subclass in this protein family.
          Northern-blot analysis of the expression of the corresponding mRNA in adult dog tissues revealed the presence of a huge amount of the 4 kb transcript in the brain. An EGFP-BCMP1 fusion protein expressed in transfected COS-7 cells exhibited a membranous localization as expected. The sequences encoding BCMP1 were assigned to chromosome X in dog, man and rat using radiation hybrid panels and were partly localized in the currently available human genome sequence.
        
        
          Conclusions
          We have identified the existence in several mammalian species of a gene encoding a putative four-transmembrane protein, BCMP1, wich defines a novel subclass in this family of proteins. In dog at least, the corresponding mRNA is highly present in brain cells. The chromosomal localization of the gene in man makes of it a likely candidate gene for X-linked mental retardation.

Tags: bcmp1-gene, brain-cell-membrane-protein, nih, peripheral-myelin-protein, transmembrane-protein
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Interplay between bone morphogenetic proteins and cognate binding proteins in bone and cartilage development: noggin, chordin and DAN

This commentary is a concise discussion of the interactions between bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their binding proteins in bone and cartilage morphogenesis. BMPs are a family of growth and differentiation factors, and they act on mesenchymal cells to induce cartilage and bone differentiation in concentration-dependent thresholds. The BMP–BMP receptor binding leads to a cascade of signaling and transcription of BMP response genes. BMP binding proteins, noggin, chordin and DAN, act as antagonists and determine the bioavailability of BMPs for binding to cognate receptors to elicit the biological response. Noggin null mice with unrestricted action of BMPs exhibit defects in joint morphogenesis. BMPs and their binding proteins may reciprocally regulate the dynamic topography of joints, muscle, tendons and ligaments during morphogenesis of the skeleton. In addition, BMP actions may be potentiated by twisted gastrulation. BMPs and their binding proteins may play a critical role in regeneration of cartilage in osteoarthritis.

Tags: bmp-signaling, bone-morphogenesis, cartilage-development, nih, noggin
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2017 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Mississippi

This is the 2017 Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Mississippi. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: evidence-based-practices, mental-health-services, national-outcome-measures, samhsa, utilization-measures
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Chemokines and their role in airway hyper-reactivity

Airway hyper-reactivity is a characteristic feature of many inflammatory lung diseases and is defined as an exaggerated degree of airway narrowing. Chemokines and their receptors are involved in several pathological processes that are believed to contribute to airway hyper-responsiveness, including recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells, collagen deposition and airway wall remodeling. These proteins are therefore thought to represent important therapeutic targets in the treatment of airway hyper-responsiveness. This review highlights the processes thought to be involved in airway hyper-responsiveness in allergic asthma, and the role of chemokines in these processes. Overall, the application of chemokines to the prevention or treatment of airway hyper-reactivity has tremendous potential.

Tags: airway-hyperreactivity, asthma-inflammation, chemokines, lung-diseases, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 528594: Protocatechuic acid, TBDMS

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: [tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl] 3,4-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]benzoate. Molecular Formula: C25H48O4Si3. Molecular Weight: 496.9. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Instructions To Update The SAMHSA SMI And SED Estimates URS Table 1: Number Of Adults With Serious Mental Illness, Age 18 And Older, By State, 2019

This is a Uniform Reporting System (URS) series of tables that details the number of adults with serious mental illness (SMI), ages 18 and older, by State, from 2019.

Tags: adult-smi-estimates, mental-health-statistics, samhsa, serious-mental-illness, state-level-data
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 527223: Heptanoic acid, 2-iodoethyl ester

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 2-iodoethyl heptanoate. Molecular Formula: C9H17IO2. Molecular Weight: 284.13. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Comparison of 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUH State Prevalence Estimates

The tables present by-State and by-Region estimates for marijuana, cocaine, alcohol, tobacco, SMI, AMI, MDE, and suicide.

Tags: mental-illness-prevalence, samhsa, state-level-estimates, substance-use, suicide-rates
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Abdominal compartment syndrome: does intra-cystic pressure reflect actual intra-abdominal pressure? A prospective study in surgical patients

Background:
          Abdominal compartment syndrome is defined as the adverse physiologic effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure. Prolonged, unrelieved pressure may lead to respiratory compromise, renal impairment, cardiac failure, shock, and death. Abdominal compartment syndrome is diagnosed by measuring intra-cystic pressure as a reflection of intra-abdominal pressure. To examine the validity of the technique, we conducted a prospective study in surgical patients by directly measuring bladder and abdominal pressures simultaneously during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a previously described technique.
        
        
          Results:
          In the present model, the bladder had higher baseline pressures than did the abdomen. Measurements across the bladder wall were not identical, but had high positive correlation coefficient when evaluated on an individual basis. Global analysis of the data for all patients showed a weak correlation coefficient.
        
        
          Conclusion:
          In the present study model, intra-cystic pressure did not reflect actual intra-abdominal pressure. In spite of some limitations in the study design, we feel that further research is warranted to identify other possible variables that may play a role in the relationship between the urinary bladder and the abdominal cavity pressures, providing better means for diagnosis of abdominal compartment syndrome.

Tags: abdominal-compartment-syndrome, bladder-pressure, intra-abdominal-pressure, nih, surgical-patients
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525129: beta-Gentiobiose octamethyl

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxy-6-[[3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxane. Molecular Formula: C20H38O11. Molecular Weight: 454.5. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
State Participation in the Medicaid Expansion Provision of the Affordable Care Act: Implications for Uninsured Individuals with a Behavioral Health Condition

This is a Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ) short report examining lack of insurance rates among individuals with a behavioral health disorder in states that expanded Medicaid eligibility, did not expand Medicaid eligibility, and are undecided.  It uses 2009-2013 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).

Tags: behavioral-health, medicaid-expansion, nsduh-data, samhsa, uninsured-rate
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Biphasic positive airway pressure ventilation (PeV+) in children

Background:
          Biphasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP) (also known as PeV+) is a mode of ventilation with cycling variations between two continuous positive airway pressure levels. In adults this mode of ventilation is effective and is being accepted with a decrease in need for sedatives because of the ability to breathe spontaneously during the entire breathing cycle. We studied the use of BIPAP in infants and children.
        
        
          Methods:
          We randomized 18 patients with respiratory failure for ventilation with either BIPAP (n = 11) or assisted spontaneous breathing (ASB) (n = 7) on Evita 4. Lorazepam and, if necessary, morphine were used as sedatives and adjusted in accordance with the Comfort scale. We compared number of randomized mode failure, duration and complications of ventilation and number and dosages of sedatives administered.
        
        
          Results:
          No differences in patient characteristics, ventilatory parameters, complications of ventilation or use of sedatives were noted. Ten out of eleven patients that we intended to ventilate with BIPAP were successfully ventilated with BIPAP. Four out of seven patients that we intended to ventilate with ASB could not be ventilated adequately with ASB but were successfully crossed over to BIPAP without the need for further sedatives.
        
        
          Conclusions:
          BIPAP is an effective, safe and easy to use mode of ventilation in infants and children.

Tags: bipap-ventilation, mechanical-ventilation, nih, pediatric-ventilation, respiratory-failure
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Financial Empowerment Toolkit

The Financial Empowerment Toolkit for Youth and Young Adults in Foster Care, developed by the Department of Health and Human Services’ Administration on Children, Youth and Families and the Office of Community Services, is designed to provide caseworkers, Independent-Living skills providers, foster parents and other supportive adults with strategies and resources to critically evaluate and improve their ability to promote the financial capabilities of youth in foster care. The toolkit is a compilation of lessons learned, best practices and practical tools, which can be used together or separately. It is aimed at those working with youth under the age of 18 and young adults preparing to transition out of foster care, and the content and tools can be tailored to meet stakeholder needs based on the intended outcomes of their services and the characteristics of the populations they serve.

The toolkit includes the following resources:

Metadata-only record linking to the original dataset. Open original dataset below.

Tags: fiscal, foster, guidance, policy, scope
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525573: N,N-Dimethyl-N'-(3-methoxyphenyl)-benzamidine

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: N'-(3-methoxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethylbenzenecarboximidamide. Molecular Formula: C16H18N2O. Molecular Weight: 254.33. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services