AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Aerial Photo Mosaics = Photo Indexes and Map-Line Plots: Pre 1990

'USGS and Non USGS Agencies Aerial Photo Reference Mosaics inventory contains indexes to aerial photographs. The inventory contains imagery from various government agencies that are now archived at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. The film types, scales, and acquisition schedules differed according to project requirements. Low-, middle-, and high-altitude photographs were collected.
 '

Tags: aerial, ames, bureau-of-land-management-blm, bureau-of-reclamation-bor, earth-resources-observation-and-science-eros, eros-data-center-edc, imagery, indexes, johnson-space-center-jsc, national-park-service-nps, non-usgs, photo-mosaic, photography, photos, reconnaissance, usgs-eros5e83d8c98ce09e2
Organization: Department of the Interior
Antarctic Single Frames = Frame Level Records of Antarctica Photos: 1946 - 2000

'Aerial photographs of Antarctica from the United States Antarctic Resource Center (USARC) and the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) are maintained in this collection. USARC data are used by scientists and others to determine geologic features, analyze ice stream flow, and monitor penguin and seal populations. Several types of mapping cameras and film formats have been used to acquire over 300,000 frames of photography since 1946, with annual acquisitions since 1980.
The majority of the USARC photography is panchromatic black and white taken with three Fairchild cameras, each with a metrogon lens resulting in trimetrogon photographs (left oblique, vertical, and right oblique photographs). More recent acquisitions include natural color and color-infrared, archived mainly on 9-inch film. Fewer than 30,000 frames (less than 10 percent) of the photography are archived on 70-mm film. Spatial resolutions vary as a function of photographic scale, which ranges from 1:1,000 to 1:64,000.
The original aerial film negatives were store at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. The USGS archives most of the film taken over Antarctica what was held in the United States. Original film rolls acquired more than forty years ago became the responsibility of the National Archives, once scanned the rolls were sent to College Park, MD for storage.
The USGS is responsible for maintaining the USARC, which is a repository and distribution site for all cartographic materials covering Antarctica that are produced by the United States and other participating USARC nations.
'

Tags: aerial-photography, bas, black-and-white, british-antarctic-survey, color-infrared, natural-color, photography, tma, trimetrogon-aerial, u-s-antarctic-resource-center-usarc, united-states-antarctic-resource-center, usgs-eros5e83d8ba165cbcc3
Organization: Department of the Interior
Antarctic Flight Line Maps = Map-Line Indexes of Antarctica Aerial Photos: 1946 - 2000

'The Antarctic Fight Line Maps collection is comprised of 1:250,000 scale topographic maps over Antarctica with original hand-drawn flight lines for aerial photographic missions that were flown by the U.S. Navy.  '

Tags: aerial, antarctic, earth-resources-observation-and-science-eros, flight-line-maps, imagery, index, photo-mosaic, photography, photos, scientific-committee-on-antarctic-research-scar, tma, u-s-antarctic-resource-center-usarc, u-s-navy, usgs-eros5e83d8acdcca13b1
Organization: Department of the Interior
Space Acquired Photo = Gemini, Skylab, Shuttle Large Format Camera: 1965 - 1984

'The Space Acquired Photography includes imagery from the Shuttle Large Format Camera, Skylab, and Gemini missions. The Space Acquired archive contains black-and-white, color, and color-infrared films.
'

Tags: edc, eros, gemini, imagery, iss, johnson-space-center, jsc, large-format-camera, lfc, photography, photos, shuttle, skylab, space-acquired, usgs-eros5e83d7faf78b0a47
Organization: Department of the Interior
SLAR = USGS Side Looking Airborne Radar Mosaics: 1981 - 1990

'The Side-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) is an image-producing system that derives its name from the fact that the radar beam is transmitted from the side of the aircraft during data acquisition SLAR is an active sensor; the system provides its own source of illumination in the form of microwave energy. Consequently, imagery can be obtained either day or night. Since microwave energy penetrates most clouds, SLAR can be used to prepare image maps of cloud-covered areas. Data are X-band synthetic aperture radar (horizontally transmitted, horizontally received) with the exception of some test sites. Since the radar signal is transmitted at a depressional angle below the horizontal plane in which the aircraft is flying, the signal strikes the terrain at an oblique angle, and the surficial expression of the geologic structure may thus be enhanced. The topographic expression of some surface features, such as subtle faults and folds, may be more clearly seen on radar imagery than on conventional aerial photographs or satellite images.'

Tags: aerial, airborne, mosaic, radar, radar-imagery, side-looking-airborne-radar-slar, synthetic-aperture-radar, usgs-eros5e83d689b121f37b, x-band
Organization: Department of the Interior
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 1 Arc-Second Digital Terrain Elevation Data - Global - National Geospatial Data Asset (NGDA)

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was a partnership between NASA and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). Flown aboard the NASA Space Shuttle Endeavour (11-22 February 2000), SRTM fulfilled its mission to map the world in three dimensions.  The USGS is under agreement with NGA and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory to distribute SRTM elevation products derived from the C-band radar data.  SRTM utilized interferometric C-band Spaceborne Imaging Radar to generate elevation data over 80 percent of the Earth's land surface. 
 
Global SRTM data at a resolution of 1 arc-second  have been edited to delineate and flatten water bodies, better define coastlines, remove spikes and wells, and fill small voids.  Larger areas of missing data or voids were filled by the NGA  using interpolation algorithms in conjunction with other sources of elevation data.  The SRTM 1 Arc-Second Global data offer worldwide coverage of void filled data at a resolution of 1 arc-second (30 meters) and provide open distribution of this high-resolution global data set.  


Tags: 30-meter, c-band, digital-terrain-elevation-data-dted, elevation, global, imaging-radar, mapping, national-aeronautics-and-space-administration-nasa, national-geospatial-data-asset, national-geospatial-intelligence-agency-nga, ngda, ngda-elevation-theme, ngdaid46, shuttle-radar-topography-mission-srtm, topography, usgs-eros5e83a3ee1af480c5
Organization: Department of the Interior
NAPP = National Aerial Photography Program 1:40,000 Scale: 1987 - 2007

'The National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP) was coordinated by the USGS as an interagency project to acquire cloud-free aerial photographs at an altitude of 20,000 feet above mean terrain elevation. The photographs were taken with a 6-inch focal length lens and are at a scale of 1:40,000. Coverage over the conterminous United States includes both black-and-white (BW) and color infrared (CIR) aerial photographs. Film type and extent of coverage were determined by available funds and operational requirements. The NAPP program, which was operational from 1987 to 2007, consists of more than 1.3 million images. Photographs were acquired on 9-inch film and were centered over quarters of USGS 7.5-minute quadrangles.
Photographs are available as medium resolution digital images in Tagged Image File Format (TIFF). Medium resolution digital products were created with a digital single-lens reflex camera at a resolution of 63 microns, or 400 dots per inch (dpi).
'

Tags: aerial-photography, earth-science-gt-land-surface-gt-surface-radiative-properties-gt-reflectance, earth-science-gt-radiance-or-imagery-gt-infrared-wavelengths-gt-infrared-imagery, earth-science-gt-radiance-or-imagery-gt-visible-wavelengths-gt-visible-imagery, edc, eros, imagery, napp, photographs, photography, usgs, usgs-eros5e83a396ee5f70de
Organization: Department of the Interior
Landsat 1-5 Multispectral Scanner Collection 1 Level-1

The USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center archive holds data collected by the Landsat suite of satellites, beginning with Landsat 1 in 1972. All Landsat data held in the USGS EROS archive are available for download at no charge. In 2021, all Landsat data were processed into Landsat Collection 2. Collection 2 data are the newest and currently the preferred Landsat products. Landsat Collection 1 data and products were removed from public access on December 30, 2022.

Tags: collection-1, earth-resources-observation-and-science-eros, imagery, imagerybasemapsearthcover, landsat, multispectral-scanner-mss, radiance, remote-sensing, satellite, u-s-geological-survey-usgs, usgs-eros5e83a373bd7201ae, visible-imagery, visible-wavelengths
Organization: Department of the Interior
Tri-Decadal Global Landsat Orthorectified MSS 1-5 Single Scene: 1972-1987

'The USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center archive holds data collected by the Landsat suite of satellites, beginning with Landsat 1 in 1972. All Landsat data held in the USGS EROS archive are available for download at no charge.
'

Tags: earth-science, eros, imagery, infrared-wavelengths, landsat, mss, radiance, remote-sensing, satellite, usgs, usgs-eros5e83a358acceddc0, visible-wavelengths
Organization: Department of the Interior
NHAP = National High-Altitude Aerial Photography: 1980 - 1989

'The National High Altitude Photography (NHAP) program, which was operated from 1980-1989, was coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey as an interagency project to eliminate duplicate photography in various Government programs. The aim of the program was to cover the 48 conterminous states over a 5-year span. In the NHAP program, black-and-white and color-infrared aerial photographs were obtained on 9-inch film from an altitude of 40,000 feet above mean terrain elevation and are centered over USGS 7.5-minute quadrangles. The color-infrared photographs are at a scale of 1:58,000 (1 inch equals about .9 miles), and the black-and-white photographs are at a scale of 1:80,000 (1 inch equals about 1.26 miles). All NHAP flights were flown in a North to South direction. These photographs are offered as digital images.
'

Tags: earth-science-gt-land-surface-gt-surface-radiative-properties-gt-reflectance, earth-science-gt-radiance-or-imagery-gt-infrared-wavelengths-gt-infrared-imagery, earth-science-gt-radiance-or-imagery-gt-visible-wavelengths-gt-visible-imagery, edc, eros, imagery, nhap, photographs, photography, usgs, usgs-eros5e83a328548fe769
Organization: Department of the Interior
Land Cover Trends Geotagged Photography: 1999-2007

'The United States Geological Survey (USGS) Land Cover Trends field photography collection is a national-scale, ground-reference dataset which initially served as a research tool to aid in Landsat-derived land-use/land-cover (LULC) change analyses and assessments.  Between 1999 and 2007, Land Cover Trends scientists collected over 33,000 geographically referenced field photos with associated keywords capturing existing LULC and regional change process taking place.  The field photography collection represents the most comprehensive national database of geo-referenced USGS field photography in the United States. In a project funded by the USGS Climate and Land Use Change and Core Science Systems Mission Areas, 13,000 photos distributed across 44 Level III Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ecoregions are currently being disseminated to the public.  As the remaining field photographs are geotagged, the online collection will grow to include photos within 40 additional ecoregions.'

Tags: 010, earth-resources-observation-and-science-eros-center, ecoregion, imagery, imagerybasemapsearthcover, land-cover-trends, photography, u-s-geological-survey-usgs, usgs-eros5e83a2cc16d7532
Organization: Department of the Interior
Heat Capacity Mapping Mission Digital Source: 1978-1980

'NASA\'s Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) project collected Earth data in the visible and thermal bands between April 1978 and September 1980.  This was an experimental satellite program which observed day and night thermal conditions of Earth\'s surface.  The black and white scenes cover large areas (approximately 500,000 square km at a resolution of 500 meters for the visible channel and 600 meters for the thermal channel.  The scale of the imagery is 1:400,000.   Areas covered include parts of the United States, western Canada, western Europe, northern Africa, and eastern Australia. 
The HCMM Digital Source dataset includes approximately 2400 scenes of recovered digital data with a resolution of 100 dpi. The original scenes are 715 km wide and vary in length from 715 to 3,000 km. The file size is 3-13 MB depending on the length of the scene and is stored in a TIFF format.
The HCMR transmitted analog data in real time to selected receiving stations. The radiometer was similar to the surface composition mapping radiometer (SCMR) of Nimbus 5 (72-097A). The HCMR had a small instantaneous geometric field of view of 0.83 mrad, high radiometric accuracy, and a wide 716-km swath coverage on the ground so that selected areas were covered within the 12-h period corresponding to the maximum and minimum of temperature observed.  The spacecraft was spin stabilized at a rate of 14 rpm.  The HCMM circular sun-synchronous orbit allowed the spacecraft to sense surface temperatures near the maximum and minimum of the diurnal cycle. 
'

Tags: 010, earth-science, image-map, imagery, imagerybasemapsearthcover, infrared-wavelength, u-s-geological-survey, usgs, usgs-eros5e83a28e99b3cd5d, visible-wavelength
Organization: Department of the Interior
High Resolution Orthoimagery Collection – Historical

'High resolution orthorectified images combine the image characteristics of an aerial photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. An orthoimage is a uniform-scale image where corrections have been made for feature displacement such as building tilt and for scale variations caused by terrain relief, sensor geometry, and camera tilt. A mathematical equation based on ground control points, sensor calibration information, and a digital elevation model is applied to each pixel to rectify the image to obtain the geometric qualities of a map.
A digital orthoimage may be created from several photographs mosaicked to form the final image. The source imagery may be black-and-white, natural color, color infrared, or color near infrared (4-band) with a pixel resolution of 1-meter or finer. With orthoimagery, the resolution refers to the distance on the ground represented by each pixel.
'

Tags: aerial-photography, black-and-white, color-infrared, color-near-infrared, georeferenced, high-resolution-orthoimagery, national-geospatial-data-asset, natural-color, ngda, ngda-imagery-theme, ngdaid187, orthorectified, photographs, usgs-eros5e83a2397d63a400
Organization: Department of the Interior
Global Topographic 30 Arc-Second Digital Elevation Model: Released 1996

'GTOPO30 is a global digital elevation model (DEM) with a horizontal grid spacing of 30 arc seconds (approximately 1 kilometer). GTOPO30 was derived from several raster and vector sources of topographic information. For easier distribution, GTOPO30 has been divided into tiles which can be selected from the map shown above. Detailed information on the characteristics of GTOPO30 including the data distribution format, the data sources, production methods, accuracy, and hints for users, is found in the GTOPO30 README file.
'

Tags: 010, digital-elevation-model-dem, elevatoion, image-map, imagery, imagerybasemapsearthcover, land-surface, shuttle-radar-topography-mission-srtm, u-s-geological-survey-usgs, usgs-eros5e83a205d69371bb
Organization: Department of the Interior
Global Multi-Resolution Terrain Elevation Data - National Geospatial Data Asset (NGDA)

The Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010) provides a new level of detail in global topographic data. Previously, the best available global DEM was GTOPO30 with a horizontal grid spacing of 30 arc-seconds. The GMTED2010 product suite contains seven new raster elevation products for each of the 30-, 15-, and 7.5-arc-second spatial resolutions and incorporates the current best available global elevation data. The new elevation products have been produced using the following aggregation methods: minimum elevation, maximum elevation, mean elevation, median elevation, standard deviation of elevation, systematic subsample, and breakline emphasis. Metadata have also been produced to identify the source and attributes of all the input elevation data used to derive the output products. Many of these products will be suitable for various regional continental-scale land cover mapping, extraction of drainage features for hydrologic modeling, and geometric and radiometric correction of medium and coarse resolution satellite image data. The global aggregated vertical accuracy of GMTED2010 can be summarized in terms of the resolution and RMSE of the products with respect to a global set of control points (estimated global accuracy of 6 m RMSE) provided by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). At 30 arc-seconds, the GMTED2010 RMSE range is between 25 and 42 meters; at 15 arc-seconds, the RMSE range is between 29 and 32 meters; and at 7.5 arc-seconds, the RMSE range is between 26 and 30 meters. GMTED2010 is a major improvement in consistency and vertical accuracy over GTOPO30, which has a 66 m RMSE globally compared to the same NGA control points. In areas where new sources of higher resolution data were available, the GMTED2010 products are substantially better than the aggregated global statistics; however, large areas still exist, particularly above 60 degrees North latitude, that lack good elevation data. As new data become available, especially in areas that have poor coverage in the current model, it is hoped that new versions of GMTED2010 might be generated and thus gradually improve the global model.

Tags: digital-elevation-model, earth-resources-observation-and-science-eros, egm96, elevation, elevation-theme, geoscientificinformation, global-elevation, gmted2010, national-geospatial-data-asset, ngda, ngdaid39, u-s-geological-survey, usgs, usgs-eros5e83a1f36d8572da, wgs84
Organization: Department of the Interior
Global Land Cover Characterization: 1992-1993

'The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a long history of involvement in multi-scale, and multi-temporal land cover characterization and mapping of the world.  During the 1970\'s, the Anderson System for land use and land cover classification system was developed and the conterminous United States (US) was mapped using aerial photographs.  During 1980\'s, 75% of state of Alaska was mapped using Landsat satellite data.  During the 1990\'s, (i) land cover characteristics database concept was demonstrated, (ii) Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) consortium was formed with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and US Forest Service (USFS), (iii) Global Land Cover Characteristics database was completed, and (iv) land cover and vegetation databases of the U.S. using Landsat TM data were completed.  During 2000-2002, a forest canopy density map was produced as a part of Forest Resources Assessment 2000 for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and MRLC-2001 dataset was released.  In 2003, land cover mapping of North America was carried out as a contribution to the Global Land Cover 2000 project being implemented by the Joint Research Center (JRC) of European Commission (EC).
'

Tags: land, usgs-eros5e83a1d8eecc8bb5
Organization: Department of the Interior
Tri-Decadal Global Landsat Orthorectified Enhanced ETM+ Pan-sharpened Single Scene: 1999-2003

'The USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center archive holds data collected by the Landsat suite of satellites, beginning with Landsat 1 in 1972. All Landsat data held in the USGS EROS archive are available for download at no charge. 
'

Tags: earth-science, eros, etm, imagery, infrared-wavelengths, landsat, pan-sharpened, radiance, remote-sensing, satellite, usgs, usgs-eros5e83a15b60c212f7, visible-wavelengths
Organization: Department of the Interior
DOQ = USGS Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle: 1987 - 2006

'Orthophotos combine the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map.  The primary digital orthophotoquadrangle (DOQ) is a 1-meter ground resolution, quarter-quadrangle (3.75 minutes of latitude by 3.75 minutes of longitude) image cast on the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM) on the North American Datum of 1983 NAD83).  The geographic extent of the DOQ is equivalent to a quarter-quadrangle plus the overage ranges from a minimum of 50 meters to a maximum of 300 meters beyond the extremes of the primary and secondary corner points.  The overage is included to facilitate tonal matching for mosaicking and for the placement of the NAD83 and secondary datum corner ticks.  The normal orientation of data is by lines (rows) and samples (columns).  Each line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to east with the order of the lines from north to south.  The radiometric image brightness values are stored as 256 gray levels, ranging from 0 to 255.  The standard, uncompressed gray scale DOQ format contains an ASCII header followed by a series of 8-bit image data lines.  The keyword-based, ASCII header may vary in the number of data entries.  The header is affixed to the beginning of the image and is composed of strings of 80 characters with an asterisk (*) as character 79 and an invisible newline character as character 80.  Each keyword string contains information for either identification, display, or registration of the image.  Additional strings of blanks are added to the header so that the length of a header line equals the number of bytes in a line of image data.  The header line will be equal in length to the length of an image line.  If the sum of the byte count of the header is less than the sample count of one DOQ image line, then the remainder of the header is padded with the requisite number of 80 character blank entries, each terminated with an asterisk and newline character.'

Tags: 1-meter-orthophoto, 2-meter-orthophoto, 3-75-x-3-75-minute-orthophoto, 7-5-x-7-5-minute-orthophoto, aerial-photograph, digital-image-map, digital-orthophoto, digital-orthophotoquad, doq, doqq, orthophoto, quarter-quadrangle-orthophoto, rectified-photograph, usgs-eros5e83a021c2655d64
Organization: Department of the Interior