Data from: Non-native scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of the United States and their impact on U.S. agriculture

<p dir="ltr">Supplementary data files, figures, tables, and a list of R code used in analyses. These data, figures, and tables relate to the article entitled "Non-native scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of the United States and their impact on U.S. agriculture" by SA Schneider and EC Powell.</p><p dir="ltr">The article provides an update on the non-native species of scale insects that have been introduced to the continental United States including: the species involved, their host associations, pest status, introduction rates, invasion pathways, and estimates their economic impact on U.S. agriculture. The study evaluates information about non-native scale insect species in the U.S. to address the following questions. (1) Where have non-native species in the United States originated from and have trends in the region of origin changed over time? (2) Where are new species entering and establishing in the United States? (3) Are scale insect introduction rates tied to the volume of horticultural imports? (4) What are the major hosts and commodity groups impacted or at risk? And (5) what is the economic impact of invasive scale insects on U.S. agriculture?</p><p dir="ltr">Table S1: A full list of scale insects known to occur in the continental United States with notes and justifications for species excluded from Table 1.</p><p dir="ltr">Table S2: Trend calculations for species introductions relative to peak period (1900-09) and for quantity of horticultural imports to the US since 1967. Calculates trend in number of species introductions per decade relative to peak (1900-1909) for Florida, California, USA total. Calculates trend in quantity of horticultural imports to US since 1967.</p><p dir="ltr">Table S3: Cost estimate calculations. S3.1: Expected cost of scale insects on ornamentals nationally using average cost per pest and state distribution data for serious pests from ScaleNet. S3.2: International costs reported in primary literature sources and web resources.</p><p dir="ltr">Table S4: Quarantine interception count data for insects by taxon from USDA APHIS PPQ (2021–2023). Scale insects comprise 12% of total lots taken in quarantine.</p><p dir="ltr">Fig. S1: Summary of a Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn post-hoc comparisons to assess trends for region of origin of non-native species over time. Analyses were conducted using the R package ggstatsplot.</p><p dir="ltr">Fig. S2: Summary of changepoint analysis for the number of non-native species detected per year from 1865–2025. Significant changepoints on the curve of total introduced species reported per year occurred in 1878, 1880, 1894, and 1925; the first three dates correspond to an increase in slope and the fourth a decline. Analyses were conducted using the R packages changepoint and ggplot2.</p><p dir="ltr">Comma-separated values (.csv) files contain individual datasets used for analyses and the corresponding code for analyses is included in the file "code for analyses.pdf".</p>

Tags: agriculture, coccoidea, economic, horticulture, invasive, polyphagy, source-code, systematics
Organization: Department of Agriculture