AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Integrated Biosphere Simulator Model (IBIS), Version 2.5

The Integrated Biosphere Simulator (or IBIS) is designed to be a comprehensive model of the terrestrial biosphere; the model represents a wide range of processes, including land surface physics, canopy physiology, plant phenology, vegetation dynamics and competition, and carbon and nutrient cycling. The model generates global simulations of the surface water balance (e.g., runoff), the terrestrial carbon balance (e.g., net primary production, net ecosystem exchange, soil carbon, aboveground and belowground litter, and soil CO2 fluxes), and vegetation structure (e.g., biomass, leaf area index, and vegetation composition). IBIS was developed by Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE) researchers as a first step toward gaining an improved understanding of global biospheric processes and studying their potential response to human activity [Foley et al., 1996]. IBIS was constructed to explicitly link land surface and hydrological processes, terrestrial biogeochemical cycles, and vegetation dynamics within a single, physically consistent framework. Furthermore, IBIS was one of a new generation of global biosphere models, termed Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (or DGVMs), that consider transient changes in vegetation composition and structure in response to environmental change. Previous global ecosystem models have typically focused on the equilibrium state of vegetation and could not allow vegetation patterns to change over time.Version 2.5 of IBIS includes several major improvements and additions [Kucharik et al. 2000]. SAGE continues to test the performance of the model, assembling a wide range of continental- and global-scale data, including measurements of river discharge, net primary production, vegetation structure, root biomass, soil carbon, litter carbon, and soil CO2 flux. Using these field data and model results for the contemporary biosphere (1965-1994), their evaluation shows that simulated patterns of runoff, NPP, biomass, leaf area index, soil carbon, and total soil CO2 flux agreed reasonably well with measurements that have been compiled from numerous ecosystems. These results also compare favorably to other global model results [Kucharik et al. 2000].

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-biogeochemical-cycles, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-photosynthesis, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-primary-production, earth-science-soils-land-surface-carbon, earth-science-soils-land-surface-organic-matter, earth-science-surface-thermal-properties-land-surface, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-canopy-characteristics, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
IceBridge Riegl Laser Altimeter L0 Raw Ranges, Version 1

This data set contains range to surface measurements taken over Antarctica using the Riegl LD90-3800-HiP-LR Distance Meter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.

Tags: earth-science-lidar-spectral-engineering-lidar
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-05 Understory Fuel Stick Moisture, km 67 Site, Para, Brazil: 1998-2000

This data set contains moisture content measurements for fuel sticks located in the forest understory of the rainfall exclusion experimental site, Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. The mean and standard errors are reported for control and treatment plot measurements. The measurements were taken on various dates and times of day between 1998 and 2000 during the dry season. The rainfall exclusion treatment began in late January 2000 and continued through December 2004. About 60% of throughfall (equivalent to approximately half the rainfall) was diverted from a 1-hectare plot (i.e., dry) using plastic panels installed in the understory. The comparable 1-hectare control plot (i.e., wet) was unaltered. The purpose was to observe the potential effects of severe water stress on a humid Amazonian forest (Nepstad et al., 2002). There is one comma-separated (.csv) data file with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-forest-science-agriculture-forest-fire-science, earth-science-natural-hazards-human-dimensions-droughts, earth-science-natural-hazards-human-dimensions-wildfires, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-litter-characteristics, earth-science-weather-events-atmosphere-droughts
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-06 Amazon River Basin Land and Stream Drainage Direction Maps

This data set provides high-resolution (~500 m) gridded land and stream drainage direction maps for the Amazon River basin, excluding the Rio Tocantins basin. These maps are the result of a new topography-independent analysis method (Mayorga et al., 2005) using the vector river network from the Digital Chart of the World (DCW, Danko, 1992) to create a high-resolution flow direction map. The data products include (1) a stream network coverage with stream order assigned to each reach; (2) the basin boundaries of the major tributaries to the Amazon mainstem; (3) the mouths; and (4) the source points of these tributaries. There are 7 ESRI ArcGIS shapefiles provided in compressed *.zip format and 4 GeoTiff image files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-features-rivers-streams, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-processes-measurements-draina, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-watershed-characteristics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-06 Carbon Cycling in Rivers in Amazonas and Acre, Brazil: 2005-2006

This data set provides measured and calculated variables describing the carbon pools in river waters, CO2 respired from the water and total amount of CO2 evaded, dissolved oxygen isotopes (delta 18O-O2), and concentration of bacterial cells in river water. Samples were collected from 10 white-water rivers, two clear-water streams (one each in Amazonas and Acre), and two black-water rivers in Amazonas from July to September 2005, which coincided with a severe drought in the western and southern regions of the Amazon Basin (Zeng et al. 2008). Eight of these sites were resampled during August through September 2006 of the following year (no drought).

Tags: earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-respiration, earth-science-surface-water-terrestrial-hydrosphere-surface-water-features-rivers-streams, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-gases-dissolved-carbon-diox, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-gases-dissolved-gases, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-isotopes-stable-isotopes, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-solids-total-dissolved-soli, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-water-characteristics-nitro
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-07 GOES-8 L3 Gridded Surface Radiation and Rain Rate for Amazonia: 1999

High resolution downwelling solar, PAR, infrared radiation and rain rates retrieved from GOES-8 imager. The data set covers primarily Amazon watershed area. It has 8km and half hourly resolution. Data covers two periods in 1999: March 1 - April 30 and September 1 - October 31. Files are available in compressed binary format.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-incoming-solar-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-longwave-radiation, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-rate, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-photosynthetically-active-radiation
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-04 CO2 Profiles, km 83 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest

We used two independent approaches, biometry and micrometeorology, to determine the net ecosystem production (NEP) of an old growth forest in Para, Brazil. Biometric inventories indicated that the forest was either a source or, at most, a modest sink of carbon from 1984 to 2000 (+0.8 +/- 2 Mg C(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1); a positive flux indicates carbon loss by the forest, a negative flux indicates carbon gain). Eddy covariance measurements of CO2 exchange were made from July 2000 to July 2001 using both open- and closed-path gas analyzers. The annual eddy covariance flux-calculated without correcting for the underestimation of flux on calm nights indicated that the forest was a large carbon sink (-3.9 Mg C.ha(-1.)yr(-1)). This annual uptake is comparable to past reports from other Amazonian forests, which also were calculated without correcting for calm nights. The magnitude of the annual integral was relatively insensitive to the selection of open- versus closed-path gas analyzer, averaging time, detrending, and high-frequency correction. In contrast, the magnitude of the annual integral was highly sensitive to the treatment of calm nights, changing by over 4 Mg C(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1) when a filter was used to replace the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) during nocturnal periods with u* < 0.2 m/s. Analyses of the relationship between nocturnal NEE and u* confirmed that the annual sum needs to be corrected for the effect of calm nights, which resulted in our best estimate of the annual flux (+0.4 Mg C(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1)). The observed sensitivity of the annual sum to the u* filter is far greater than has been previously reported for temperate and boreal forests. The annual carbon balance determined by eddy covariance is therefore less certain for tropical than temperate forests. Nonetheless, the biometric and micrometeorological measurements in tandem provide strong evidence that the forest was not a strong, persistent carbon sink during the study interval.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-04 Leaf Photosynthesis and Respiration, Tapajos National Forest: 2000-2006

This data set reports the results of measurements of (1) leaf-level photosynthesis response curves for the effects of temperature, leaf age, warming, irradiation, and circadian rhythm and (2) leaf-level photorespiration rates at 30 and 37 degrees C. Measurements were made between June 2000 and February 2006 at the km 83 Logged Forest Tower site, the km 67 Primary Forest Tower site, and the control site at Seca Floresta, all in the Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. There are 7 comma delimited ASCII data files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-photosynthesis
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Jason-1 GDR version E NetCDF Geodetic

The Jason-1 Geophysical Data Records (GDR) Geodetic Mission contain full accuracy altimeter data, with a high precision orbit, provided approximately 35 days after data collection. The data are sorted into cycles that are approximately 11 days long and contain 280 pass files. The instruments on Jason-1 make direct observations of the following quantities: altimeter range, significant wave height, ocean radar backscatter cross-section (a measure of wind speed), ionospheric electron content (derived by a simple formula), tropospheric water content, mean sea surface, and position relative to the GPS satellite constellation. The GDR contain all relevant corrections needed to calculate the sea surface height.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-waves-oceans-significant-wave-height, earth-science-sea-surface-topography-oceans-sea-surface-height
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-04 LAI Estimated from Photos, km 83 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest

This data set contains summary data for monthly leaf area index (LAI) and plant area index (PAI) at the km 83 Tower Site, in the Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. LAI was estimated for hemispherical photographs of leaves collected between 2000 and 2003, using the histogram and gap-fraction analysis methods. There are two data files with this data set: one comma-delimited ASCII data file with this data set which contains the monthly summary LAI and PAI data, and one compressed (*.zip) file that contains hemispherical photo images (.bmp) for 2000-2001. The images include those taken pre-logging and post-logging at the measurement site for the purpose of comparing LAI. In addition, there is a companion file containing a program code developed for LAI analysis provided as an ASCII text file.

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics-leaf-area-index-lai
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-04 Biomass Survey, km 83 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest, Brazil

This data set contains the results of a biometric tree survey of a 19.25 ha area adjacent to the eddy flux tower at the km 83 logged forest tower site in Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. The survey was done in March 2000. All measurements reported here were taken before the logging began. Diameters of all trees > 35 cm DBH within the 19.25 ha survey area were recorded and trees with DBH between 10 and 35 cm DBH were recorded along three transects with a total area of 2.3 ha (Miller et al., 2004). These data were used to calculate net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and the role of this forest as a carbon source or sink. Biometric data are reported in one comma-delimited ASCII file.

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-03 Mesoscale Meteorological Data, Santarem Region, Para, Brazil: 1998-2006

We analyzed rainfall obtained in a network of 38 rain gauges located near the confluence of the Tapajos and Amazon rivers in the eastern Amazon Basin. We found that tipping bucket rain gauges work adequately in the Amazon rainfall regime, but careful field calibration and comparison with collocated conventional rain gauges was essential to incorporate daily totals from operational array into regional maps. Near-river stations miss the afternoon convective rain as expected as the river breeze promotes subsidence over the river, but paradoxically, this deficiency is more than compensated for by additional nocturnal rainfall at these locations. The 0.25-degree CMORPH passive infrared inferred rainfall data do an adequate job of describing medium scale variability in this region, but some localized breeze effects are not resolved. For inland areas away from the breezes, the nocturnal period precipitation contributes less than half of total precipitation. The large-scale rainfall increase just to the west of Santarem manifests itself locally as a 'tongue' of enhanced rain from along the wide area of open water at the Tapajos-Amazon confluence The breeze circulations associated with the Amazon River (which lies parallel to the mean flow) affects rainfall more than does the Tapajos breeze (normal to the predominant wind). The Tapajos breeze influence extends only a few kilometers inland east of the riverbank. Rainfall increases to the north of the Amazon, possibly the result of orographic effects. Dry season rainfall increases by up to 30% going away from the Amazon River, as would be expected given breeze subsidence over the river.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere, earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-solar-radiation, earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature-air-temperature, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity, earth-science-atmospheric-winds-atmosphere, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-moisture-water-content, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-temperature
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-04 Logging Damage, km 83 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest, Brazil

This data set contains the results of a survey of logging damage in a 18 ha plot (300 m N-S, 600 m E-W) east (upwind) of the eddy flux tower at km 83, Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. Data collected include type of damage, snap height, and log dimensions, as well as calculated biomass of stems and canopy either damaged or removed in logging. There are two comma-delimited data files with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-ecosystems-biosphere-terrestrial-ecosystems-forests, earth-science-habitat-conversion-fragmentation-human-dimensions-deforestation, earth-science-land-use-land-cover-land-surface-land-resources, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-canopy-characteristics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-04 Leaf Litter Data, km 83 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest, Brazil

Above-ground litter productivity was measured in a 18 ha plot adjacent to the eddy flux tower at the logged forest tower site, km 83, Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. Thirty litter baskets distributed within the grid were visited bi-weekly (Goulden et al., 2004). Oven dry mass of leaves, wood, reproductive parts and miscellaneous components of the collected litter was determined for each collection. Collections covered a pre-harvest period (Sept 2000 - July 2001) and a post- harvest period (Aug 2001-Mar 2003). There is one comma-delimited data file with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-biomass, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-litter-characteristics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-02 Oxygen Isotopes of Plant Tissue Water and Atmospheric Water Vapor

This data set reports the oxygen isotope signatures of water extracted from plant tissue (xylem from the stems and leaf tissue) and of atmospheric water vapor from twelve different sites (including both pasture and forest) throughout the Amazon region of Brazil. Samples were collected approximately every 4 months between 1999 and 2003 with additional samples collected monthly between January and May of 2003. In 2004 the collection of water samples from plant tissue continued at two sites, though water vapor collections were discontinued, and measurements of deuterium signatures were added to the analyses. In addition, water vapor from the troposphere was collected during a series of aircraft flights over the Tapajos National Forest in May of 2003 and analyzed for oxygen isotopes using the same methodology. There is one comma-delimited ASCII data file with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-chemistry-atmosphere-carbon-and-hydrocarbon-compounds-atmospheric-car, earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere, earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-biogeochemical-cycles, earth-science-soils-land-surface-soil-respiration, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-leaf-characteristics
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Investigaciones Mexicanas de la Corriente de California (IMECOCAL)

Measurements made under the IMECOCAL program (Investigaciones Mexicanas de la Corriente de California, translated: Mexican Research of the California Current) from 2002 to 2004.

Tags: earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans, earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans, earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans, earth-science-salinity-density-oceans
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA Regional Mean Climatology, 0.5-Deg, 1930-1960, V. 2.1 (Cramer and Leemans)

This data set is a subset of Cramer and Leemans' (2001) global database of mean monthly climatology, which contains monthly averages of mean temperature, temperature range, precipitation, rain days, and sunshine hours for terrestrial areas during 1931-1960. This subset was created for the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) in South America (i.e., latitude 10° N to 25° S, longitude 30° to 85° W). The data are presented at 0.5-degree latitude/longitude resolution in ASCII GRID file format. Cramer and Leemans (2001, Version 2.1) constituted a major update of an earlier database, Leemans and Cramer (1991). The new version was generated from a larger database by means of the partial thin-plate splining algorithm developed by Michael F. Hutchinson, Canberra (Hutchinson and Bischof 1983). Version 2.1 has been used widely, notably by all groups participating in the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme's Net Primary Productivity (NPP) model intercomparison (Olsen et al. 2001). More information about the data can be found at ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/lba/physical_climate/leemans_cramer/comp/cramer_lmns_readme.pdf. LBA was a cooperative international research initiative led by Brazil. NASA was a lead sponsor for several experiments. LBA was designed to create the new knowledge needed to understand the climatological, ecological, biogeochemical, and hydrological functioning of Amazonia; the impact of land use change on these functions; and the interactions between Amazonia and the Earth system. More information about LBA be found at http://www.daac.ornl.gov/LBA/misc_amazon.html. tabase is a major update of the Leemans and Cramer database (Leemans and Cramer 1991). It contains long-term monthly averages, for the period 1931-1960, of mean temperature, temperature range, precipitation, rain days and sunshine hours for the terrestrial surface of the globe, gridded at 0.5-degree longitude/latitude resolution. It was generated from a larger database, using the partial thin-plate splining algorithm developed by Michael F. Hutchinson, Canberra (Hutchinson and Bischof 1983). The current version is 2.1--this is the same version that is currently used widely around the globe, notably by all groups participating in the IGBP NPP model intercomparison.More information can be found at: ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/lba/physical_climate/leemans_cramer/comp/README.

Tags: earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere-surface-temperature, earth-science-clouds-atmosphere-cloud-properties-cloud-frequency, earth-science-precipitation-atmosphere-precipitation-amount
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LBA-ECO CD-02 Leaf Level Gas Exchange, Chemistry, and Isotopes, Amazonia, Brazil

This data set reports leaf gas flux and leaf properties from samples collected from trees, liana, pasture saplings, and pasture grass located at eight different sampling locations in the states of Para (south of Santarem) and Amazonas (near Manaus) from November 1999 through December 2003. Data are reported on photosynthesis measurements, CO2 response curves, light response curves, humidity response curves, and stomatal responses to variations of the leaf-to-air water vapor mole fraction deficit. Leaf weight, carbon and nitrogen concentrations as well as stable isotope signatures for 13C and 15N are reported for a subset of the samples. There is one comma-delimited ASCII data file with this data set.

Tags: earth-science-ecological-dynamics-biosphere-ecosystem-functions-photosynthesis, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-carbon, earth-science-vegetation-biosphere-nitrogen, earth-science-water-quality-water-chemistry-terrestrial-hydrosphere-isotopes-stable-isotopes
Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration