AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
Global CFDDA-based Onshore and Offshore Wind Potential Supply Curves by Country, Class, and Depth

This dataset contains global onshore and offshore wind supply curves based on a resource assessment performed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) based on the National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR) Climate Four Dimensional Data Assimilation (CFDDA) mesoscale climate database. This overview is intended to provide a brief description of the origin of the tables in this workbook, not to fully explain the assumptions and calculations involved. The paper linked below includes full detail of sources and assumptions.

The supply curves are defined by country and resource quality. Onshore supply curves are further differentiated by distance to nearest large load or power plant, and offshore by distance to shore and water depth.

The CFDDA database contains hourly wind velocity vectors at a 40km grid, at multiple heights above ground level. For each grid cell, we create hourly wind speed distributions at 90m hub heights, and we compute gross capacity factor through convolution with a representative power curve. Output is derated for outages and wake losses to obtain net capacity factor. Onshore, we assumed a composite IEC Class II turbine; offshore, an IEC Class I turbine. We assumed a wind turbine density of 5 MW/km.

Land and sea area are characterized by country (or country-like object, e.g, Alaska), land use/land cover, elevation, and protection status. Protected, urban, and high-elevation areas are fully excluded, and certain land cover types are fractionally excluded. Offshore, area within 5 nautical miles of or farther than 100 nautical miles from shore are excluded, as are protected marine areas. Marine areas are assigned to country based on exclusive economic zones; unassigned or disputed areas are excluded.

As alluded to previously, in this workbook, "United States of America" refers only to the continental U.S. Alaska and Hawaii are counted separately because of their remoteness. Unassigned "countries" comprise relatively remote, unpopulated areas (Alaska, Greenland, remote islands); and disputed marine areas. We recommend that their resource remain unassigned rather than grouped into larger IAM regions. 


Tags: capacity-factor, cfdda, climate, climate-four-dimensional-data-assimilation, country, database, distance, mesoscale, model, offshore, offshore-wind, onshore, onshore-wind, potential, renewable-energy-potential, resource-supply-curves, supply, wind, wind-energy, wind-resource, wind-resource-by-country, wind-resource-potential
Organization: Department of Energy
Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC)

Since 1968, OCR has collected civil rights data related to students' access and barriers to educational opportunity from early childhood through grade 12. These data are collected from all public schools and districts, as well as long-term secure juvenile justice facilities, charter schools, alternative schools, and special education schools that focus primarily on serving the educational needs of students with disabilities under IDEA or section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.

The CRDC collects information about student enrollment; access to courses, programs and school staff; and school climate factors, such as bullying, harassment and student discipline. Most data collected by the CRDC are disaggregated by race, ethnicity, sex, disability, and English Learners.

Originally known as the Elementary and Secondary School Civil Rights Survey, OCR began by collecting data every year from 1968 to 1974 from a sample of school districts and their schools. Over time, the schedule and approach to data collection has changed. Since the 2011-12 collection, the CRDC has been administered every two years to all public school districts and schools in the 50 states and Washington, D.C., and OCR added the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico for the 2017-18 CRDC. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic that resulted in school closures nationwide, OCR postponed the 2019-20 CRDC and instead collected data from the 2020-21 school year.

Tags: advanced-placement, civil-rights, course-taking, data, discrimination, education-of-children-with-disabilities, elementary-and-secondary, minority-groups, ocr, office-for-civil-rights-ocr, race
Organization: Department of Education
PBPK Model Template Timing Source Code

The data set includes source code for a "PBPK model template" that can be used to implement physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models with various different structural designs and features. The data set also includes source code scripts that can be used to conduct timing experiments described in an associated manuscript by Bernstein et al. The manuscript will be submitted to a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Tags: computational-time, model-template, pbpk-modeling, risk-assessment
Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
G2Aero Database of Airfoils - Curated Airfoils

This dataset contains a curated set of 19,164 airfoil shapes from various applications and the data-driven design space of separable shape tensors (PGA space), which can be used as a parameter space for machine-learning applications focused on airfoil shapes.

We constructed the airfoil dataset in two main stages. First, we identified 13 baseline airfoils from the NREL 5MW and IEA 15MW reference wind turbines. We reparameterized these shapes using least-squares fits of 8-order CST parametrizations, which involve 18 coefficients. By uniformly perturbing all 18 CST coefficients by +/-20% around each baseline airfoil, we generated 1,000 unique airfoils. Each airfoil was sampled with 1,001 shape landmarks whose x-coordinates followed a cosine distribution along the chord. This process resulted in a total of 13,000 airfoil shapes, each with 1,001 landmarks. 

In the second phase, we gathered additional airfoils from the extensive BigFoil database, which consolidates data from sources such as the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) airfoil database, the JavaFoil database, the NACA-TR-824 database, and others. We undertook a thorough pre-processing step to filter out shapes with sparse, noisy, or incomplete data. We also removed airfoils with sharp leading edge and those exceeding our threshold for trailing edge thickness. Additionally, we thinned out the collection of NACA airfoils-- parametric sweeps of NACA airfoils with increasing thickness and camber present in BigFoil database-- by selecting every fourth step in the parameter sweeps. Finally, we regularized the airfoils by reparametrizing them with an 8-order CST parametrization (with 1,001 shape landmarks with x coordinated following cosine distribution along the chord) and removing airfoils with high reconstruction errors. This data pre-processing resulted in a set of 6,164 airfoils. In total, our curated airfoil dataset comprises 19,164 airfoils, each with 1,001 landmarks, and is stored in the curated_airfoils.npz file.

Using this curated airfoil dataset, we utilized the separable shape tensors framework to develop a data-driven parameterization of airfoils based on principal geodesic analysis (PGA) of separable shape tensors. This PGA space is provided in PGAspace.npz file. 

Tags: airfoils, bigfoil, curated, data, database, dataset, energy, g2aero, machine-learning, parameter-space, pga, shapes, wind-energy
Organization: Department of Energy
Solar PV Transmission Setbacks: Ordinances (2022) and Extrapolated Trends

This dataset represents solar energy setback requirements from transmission. A setback requirement is a minimum distance from transmission infrastructure that an energy project may be developed. As of April 2022, no ordinances were discovered for any counties. Such ordinances are likely to arise as regulations continue to expand. Therefore, this dataset applies a 30-meter setback, sourced from trends in other infrastructure. A TIF data file and a PNG map of the data are provided, showing areas where solar energy is prohibited or permitted across the contiguous United States.

For further details and citation, please refer to the publication linked below: Lopez, Anthony, Pavlo Pinchuk, Michael Gleason, Wesley Cole, Trieu Mai, Travis Williams, Owen Roberts, Marie Rivers, Mike Bannister, Sophie-Min Thomson, Gabe Zuckerman, and Brian Sergi. 2024. Solar Photovoltaics and Land-Based Wind Technical Potential and Supply Curves for the Contiguous United States: 2023 Edition. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-87843.

Tags: county-ordinance, data, infrastructure, photovoltaic, png, pv, regulation, regulatory, regulatory-constraints, setback, setbacks, siting-lab, sitinglab, solar, solar-energy, solar-power, solar-pv, tif, transmission
Organization: Department of Energy
Solar PV Water Setbacks: Ordinances (2022) and Extrapolated Trends

This dataset represents solar energy setback requirements from bodies of water based on county ordinances as of April 2022. A setback requirement is a minimum distance from water that an energy project may be developed, and these varied widely across the counties in which they existed. Two versions are provided: one reflecting only the county ordinances and another incorporating extrapolated trends. In the extrapolated version, a default setback of 30 meters was applied in counties without specific water setback regulations. A TIF data file and a PNG map of the data are provided for both versions, showing areas where solar energy is prohibited or permitted across the contiguous United States.

For further details and citation, please refer to the publication linked below: Lopez, Anthony, Pavlo Pinchuk, Michael Gleason, Wesley Cole, Trieu Mai, Travis Williams, Owen Roberts, Marie Rivers, Mike Bannister, Sophie-Min Thomson, Gabe Zuckerman, and Brian Sergi. 2024. Solar Photovoltaics and Land-Based Wind Technical Potential and Supply Curves for the Contiguous United States: 2023 Edition. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-87843.

Tags: county-ordinance, data, photovoltaic, png, pv, regulation, regulatory, regulatory-constraints, setback, setbacks, siting-lab, sitinglab, solar, solar-energy, solar-power, solar-pv, tif, water
Organization: Department of Energy
Solar PV Structure Setbacks: Ordinances (2022) and Extrapolated Trends

This dataset represents solar energy setback requirements from structures based on county ordinances as of April 2022. A setback requirement is a minimum distance from a structure that an energy project may be developed, and these varied widely across the counties in which they existed. Two versions are provided: one reflecting only the county ordinances and another incorporating extrapolated trends. In the extrapolated version, a default setback of 61 meters was applied in counties without specific structure setback regulations. A TIF data file and a PNG map of the data are provided for both versions, showing areas where solar energy is prohibited or permitted across the contiguous United States.

For further details and citation, please refer to the publication linked below: Lopez, Anthony, Pavlo Pinchuk, Michael Gleason, Wesley Cole, Trieu Mai, Travis Williams, Owen Roberts, Marie Rivers, Mike Bannister, Sophie-Min Thomson, Gabe Zuckerman, and Brian Sergi. 2024. Solar Photovoltaics and Land-Based Wind Technical Potential and Supply Curves for the Contiguous United States: 2023 Edition. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-87843.

Tags: county-ordinance, data, infrastructure, photovoltaic, png, pv, regulation, regulatory, regulatory-constraints, setback, setbacks, siting-lab, sitinglab, solar, solar-energy, solar-power, solar-pv, structure, structures, tif
Organization: Department of Energy
Solar PV Road Setbacks: Ordinances (2022) and Extrapolated Trends

This dataset represents solar energy setback requirements from roads based on county ordinances as of April 2022. A setback requirement is a minimum distance from a road that an energy project may be developed, and these varied widely across the counties in which they existed. Two versions are provided: one reflecting only the county ordinances and another incorporating extrapolated trends. In the extrapolated version, a default setback of 30 meters was applied in counties without specific road setback regulations. A TIF data file and a PNG map of the data are provided for both versions, showing areas where solar energy is prohibited or permitted across the contiguous United States.

For further details and citation, please refer to the publication linked below: Lopez, Anthony, Pavlo Pinchuk, Michael Gleason, Wesley Cole, Trieu Mai, Travis Williams, Owen Roberts, Marie Rivers, Mike Bannister, Sophie-Min Thomson, Gabe Zuckerman, and Brian Sergi. 2024. Solar Photovoltaics and Land-Based Wind Technical Potential and Supply Curves for the Contiguous United States: 2023 Edition. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-87843.

Tags: county-ordinance, data, energy, infrastructure, photovoltaic, png, power, pv, regulation, regulatory, regulatory-constraints, road, roads, setback, setbacks, siting-lab, sitinglab, solar, solar-energy, solar-power, solar-pv, tif
Organization: Department of Energy
Wind Turbine Water Setbacks: Ordinances (2022) and Extrapolated Trends, 115 Hub Height 170 Rotor Diameter

This dataset represents wind energy setback requirements from water based on existing county ordinances as of April 2022. A setback requirement is a minimum distance from water that an energy project may be developed, and these varied widely across the counties in which they existed. Two versions are provided: one reflecting only the county ordinances and another incorporating extrapolated trends. In the extrapolated version, a median setback equivalent to 1.1 times the turbine tip-height was applied in counties that lacked specific water setback regulations. A TIF data file and a PNG map of the data are provided for both versions, showing areas where wind energy is prohibited or permitted across the contiguous United States. The turbine parameters used were a hub-height of 115 meters and a rotor diameter of 170 meters, as obtained from the Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) 2022. 

For further details and citation, please refer to the publication linked below: Lopez, Anthony, Pavlo Pinchuk, Michael Gleason, Wesley Cole, Trieu Mai, Travis Williams, Owen Roberts, Marie Rivers, Mike Bannister, Sophie-Min Thomson, Gabe Zuckerman, and Brian Sergi. 2024. Solar Photovoltaics and Land-Based Wind Technical Potential and Supply Curves for the Contiguous United States: 2023 Edition. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-87843.


Tags: county-ordinance, data, energy, land-based-wind, png, power, regulation, regulatory, regulatory-constraints, setback, setbacks, siting-lab, sitinglab, tif, turbine, water, wind, wind-energy, wind-power
Organization: Department of Energy
Ridgelines: Department of Interior Definition

This dataset represents ridgelines as defined by the Department of Interior (DOI): "Areas within 660 feet of the top of the ridgeline, where a ridgeline has at least 150 feet of vertical elevation gain with a minimum average slope of 10 percent between the ridgeline and the base." The dataset was created using the Geomorphons package from the University of Guelph, which can be found here: Geomorphons Package, and the 3DEP 1/3 arc-second digital elevation model. A TIF data file and a PNG map of the data are provided.

Tags: characterization, data, dataset, department-of-interior, doi, exclusion, geomorphons, land-based-wind, physical-constraints, png, ridgelines, siting-lab, sitinglab, solar, solar-power, terrain, tif, wind, wind-energy
Organization: Department of Energy
Wind Turbine Transmission Setbacks: Ordinances (2022) and Extrapolated Trends, 115 Hub Height 170 Rotor Diameter

This dataset represents wind energy setback requirements from transmission based on existing county ordinances as of April 2022. A setback requirement is a minimum distance from transmission infrastructure that an energy project may be developed, and these varied widely across the counties in which they existed. Two versions are provided: one reflecting only the county ordinances and another incorporating extrapolated trends. In the extrapolated version, a median setback equivalent to 1.1 times the turbine tip-height was applied in counties that lacked specific transmission setback regulations. A TIF data file and a PNG map of the data are provided for both versions, showing areas where wind energy is prohibited or permitted across the contiguous United States. The turbine parameters used were a hub-height of 115 meters and a rotor diameter of 170 meters, as obtained from the Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) 2022. 

For further details and citation, please refer to the publication linked below: Lopez, Anthony, Pavlo Pinchuk, Michael Gleason, Wesley Cole, Trieu Mai, Travis Williams, Owen Roberts, Marie Rivers, Mike Bannister, Sophie-Min Thomson, Gabe Zuckerman, and Brian Sergi. 2024. Solar Photovoltaics and Land-Based Wind Technical Potential and Supply Curves for the Contiguous United States: 2023 Edition. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-87843. 

Tags: county-ordinance, data, energy, infrastructure, land-based-wind, png, power, regulation, regulatory, regulatory-constraints, setback, setbacks, siting-lab, sitinglab, tif, transmission, turbine, wind, wind-energy, wind-power
Organization: Department of Energy
Wind Turbine Structure Setbacks: Ordinances (2022) and Extrapolated Trends, 115 Hub Height 170 Rotor Diameter

This dataset represents wind energy setback requirements from structures based on existing county ordinances as of April 2022. A setback requirement is a minimum distance from a structure that an energy project may be developed, and these varied widely across the counties in which they existed. Two versions are provided: one reflecting only the county ordinances and another incorporating extrapolated trends. In the extrapolated version, a median setback equivalent to 2 times the turbine tip-height was applied in counties that lacked specific structure setback regulations. A TIF data file and a PNG map of the data are provided for both versions, showing areas where wind energy is prohibited or permitted across the contiguous United States. The turbine parameters used were a hub-height of 115 meters and a rotor diameter of 170 meters, as obtained from the Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) 2022. 

For further details and citation, please refer to the publication linked below: Lopez, Anthony, Pavlo Pinchuk, Michael Gleason, Wesley Cole, Trieu Mai, Travis Williams, Owen Roberts, Marie Rivers, Mike Bannister, Sophie-Min Thomson, Gabe Zuckerman, and Brian Sergi. 2024. Solar Photovoltaics and Land-Based Wind Technical Potential and Supply Curves for the Contiguous United States: 2023 Edition. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-87843.

Tags: county-ordinance, data, energy, infrastructure, land-based-wind, png, power, regulation, regulatory, regulatory-constraints, setback, setbacks, siting-lab, sitinglab, structure, tif, turbine, wind, wind-energy, wind-power
Organization: Department of Energy
Wind Turbine Road Setbacks: Ordinances (2022) and Extrapolated Trends, 115 Hub Height 170 Rotor Diameter

This dataset represents wind energy setback requirements from roads based on existing county ordinances as of April 2022. A setback requirement is a minimum distance from a road that an energy project may be developed, and these varied widely across the counties in which they existed. Two versions are provided: one reflecting only the county ordinances and another incorporating extrapolated trends. In the extrapolated version, a median setback equivalent to 1.1 times the turbine tip-height was applied in counties that lacked specific railroad setback regulations. A TIF data file and a PNG map of the data are provided for both versions, showing areas where wind energy is prohibited or permitted across the contiguous United States. The turbine parameters used were a hub-height of 115 meters and a rotor diameter of 170 meters, as obtained from the Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) 2022. 

For further details and citation, please refer to the publication linked below: Lopez, Anthony, Pavlo Pinchuk, Michael Gleason, Wesley Cole, Trieu Mai, Travis Williams, Owen Roberts, Marie Rivers, Mike Bannister, Sophie-Min Thomson, Gabe Zuckerman, and Brian Sergi. 2024. Solar Photovoltaics and Land-Based Wind Technical Potential and Supply Curves for the Contiguous United States: 2023 Edition. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-87843.


Tags: county-ordinance, data, energy, infrastructure, land-based-wind, png, power, regulation, regulatory, regulatory-constraints, road, setback, setbacks, siting-lab, sitinglab, tif, turbine, wind, wind-energy, wind-power
Organization: Department of Energy
Solar PV Railroad Setbacks: Ordinances (2022) and Extrapolated Trends

This dataset represents solar energy setback requirements from railroads. A setback requirement is a minimum distance from a railroad that an energy project may be developed. As of April 2022, no ordinances were discovered for any counties. Such ordinances are likely to arise as regulations continue to expand. Therefore, this dataset applies a 30-meter setback, sourced from trends in other infrastructure. A TIF data file and a PNG map of the data are provided, showing areas where solar energy is prohibited or permitted across the contiguous United States.

For further details and citation, please refer to the publication linked below: Lopez, Anthony, Pavlo Pinchuk, Michael Gleason, Wesley Cole, Trieu Mai, Travis Williams, Owen Roberts, Marie Rivers, Mike Bannister, Sophie-Min Thomson, Gabe Zuckerman, and Brian Sergi. 2024. Solar Photovoltaics and Land-Based Wind Technical Potential and Supply Curves for the Contiguous United States: 2023 Edition. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-87843.

Tags: county-ordinance, data, energy, infrastructure, photovoltaic, png, power, pv, railroad, regulation, regulatory, regulatory-constraints, setback, setbacks, siting-lab, sitinglab, solar, solar-energy, solar-power, solar-pv, tif
Organization: Department of Energy
Wind Turbine Railroad Setbacks: Ordinances (2022) and Extrapolated Trends, 115 Hub Height 170 Rotor Diameter

This dataset represents wind energy setback requirements from railroad based on existing county ordinances as of April 2022. A setback requirement is a minimum distance from a railroad that an energy project may be developed, and these varied widely across the counties in which they existed. Two versions are provided: one reflecting only the county ordinances and another incorporating extrapolated trends. In the extrapolated version, a median setback equivalent to 1.1 times the turbine tip-height was applied in counties that lacked specific railroad setback regulations. A TIF data file and a PNG map of the data are provided for both versions, showing areas where wind energy is prohibited or permitted across the contiguous United States. The turbine parameters used were a hub-height of 115 meters and a rotor diameter of 170 meters, as obtained from the Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) 2022. 

For further details and citation, please refer to the publication linked below: Lopez, Anthony, Pavlo Pinchuk, Michael Gleason, Wesley Cole, Trieu Mai, Travis Williams, Owen Roberts, Marie Rivers, Mike Bannister, Sophie-Min Thomson, Gabe Zuckerman, and Brian Sergi. 2024. Solar Photovoltaics and Land-Based Wind Technical Potential and Supply Curves for the Contiguous United States: 2023 Edition. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-87843. 

Tags: county-ordinance, data, energy, infrastructure, land-based-wind, png, power, railroad, regulation, regulatory, regulatory-constraints, setback, setbacks, siting-lab, sitinglab, tif, turbine, wind, wind-energy, wind-power
Organization: Department of Energy