AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
The role of Serine Proteases and Serine Protease Inhibitors in the migration of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone neurons

Background
          Mechanisms regulating neuronal migration during development remain largely undefined. Extracellular matrix cues, target site released factors, and components of the migratory neurons themselves are likely all coordinated in time and space directing neurons to their appropriate locations. We have studied the effects of proteases and their inhibitors on the extracellular matrix and the consequences to the migration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the embryonic chick. Chick GnRH neurons differentiate in the olfactory epithelium, migrate along the olfactory nerve and enter the forebrain. The accessibility of this coherent cell group make it amenable for studying protease/inhibitor roles in migratory processes.
        
        
          Results
          Affigel blue beads were used to deliver a serine protease inhibitor, protease nexin-1 (PN-1), and a target protease, trypsin, to the olfactory epithelium coincident with initiation of GnRH neuronal migration. PN-1 inhibited neuronal migration while trypsin accelerated their transit into the CNS. Prior to initiation of migration, neither PN-1 nor trypsin altered the timing of neuronal exit. Trypsin did, however, accelerate the timing of neuronal crossing into the nerve-forebrain junction.
        
        
          Conclusions
          These data support the hypothesis that protease activity modulates neuronal movements across barriers. Moreover, the data suggest, for the first time, that aspects of GnRH neuronal migration may be cell autonomous but modulated by ECM alterations.

Tags: gnrh-neurons, neuronal-migration, nih, olfactory-epithelium, protease-inhibitors
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Characterization of the mouse

Background
          DAZAP1 (DAZ Associated Protein 1) was originally identified by a yeast two-hybrid system through its interaction with a putative male infertility factor, DAZ (Deleted in Azoospermia). In vitro, DAZAP1 interacts with both the Y chromosome-encoded DAZ and an autosome-encoded DAZ-like protein, DAZL. DAZAP1 contains two RNA-binding domains (RBDs) and a proline-rich C-terminal portion, and is expressed most abundantly in the testis. To understand the biological function of DAZAP1 and the significance of its interaction with DAZ and DAZL, we isolated and characterized the mouse Dazap1 gene, and studied its expression and the subcellular localization of its protein product.
        
        
          Results
          The human and mouse genes have similar genomic structures and map to syntenic chromosomal regions. The mouse and human DAZAP1 proteins share 98% identity and their sequences are highly similar to the Xenopus orthologue Prrp, especially in the RBDs. Dazap1 is expressed throughout testis development. Western blot detects a single 45 kD DAZAP1 protein that is most abundant in the testis. Although a majority of DAZAP1 is present in the cytoplasmic fraction, they are not associated with polyribosomes.
        
        
          Conclusions
          DAZAP1 is evolutionarily highly conserved. Its predominant expression in testes suggests a role in spermatogenesis. Its subcellular localization indicates that it is not directly involved in mRNA translation.

Tags: dazap1-gene, gene-expression, mouse-model, nih, rna-binding-domains
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Staphylococcal peptidoglycans induce arthritis

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens in septic arthritis. To analyse the arthritogenic properties of staphylococcal peptidoglycan (PGN), highly purified PGN from S. aureus was intra-articularly injected into murine joints. The results demonstrate that PGN will trigger arthritis in a dose-dependent manner. A single injection of this compound leads to massive infiltration of predominantly macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells with occasional signs of cartilage and/or bone destruction, lasting for at least 14 days. Further studies showed that this condition is mediated by the combined impact of acquired and innate immune systems. Our results indicate that PGN exerts a central role in joint inflammation triggered by S. aureus.

Tags: murine-model, nih, peptidoglycan-arthritis, septic-arthritis, staphylococcus-aureus
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
NSDUH 2016 Methodological Resource Book (MRB)

This Methodological Resource Book (MRB) is intended to serve as documentation of survey materials and methodology associated with the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The MRB includes details associated with data collection and processing, including sampling, instrument testing and development, weighting, imputation, and statistical analyses and inferences.

Tags: data-collection, samhsa, statistical-analysis, substance-use, survey-methodology
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2014 CMHS Uniform Reporting System (URS) Table for Nevada

2014 Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) Uniform Reporting System (URS) Output Tables for Nevada. The URS state reporting system is collected annually to support the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant program. State Mental Health Authorities report on National Outcome Measures (NOMS), evidence based practices, and utilization measures providing an overview of state mental health delivery systems.

Tags: community-mental-health, mental-health-services, nevada-mental-health, noms-measures, samhsa
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Effect of hemofiltration filter adsorption on circulating IL-6 levels in septic rats

Introduction
          Hemofiltration may modulate the inflammatory response in sepsis through a variety of mechanisms. We sought to distinguish clearance from adsorption as the principal mechanism responsible for reducing circulating IL-6 levels with hemofiltration.
        
        
          Materials and methods
          Nine hours after cecal ligation and puncture in 18 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats, we divided the rats into three groups (6 animals each) and placed groups 2 and 3 on a hemofiltration circuit connected between the right carotid artery and femoral vein using an AN69 membrane. In the hemofiltration group (group 2), ultrafiltrate was replaced with lactated Ringer's solution; in the recirculation group (group 3), the ultrafiltrate was reinfused into the animal. A sham group (group 1) had an arteriovenous circuit inserted but no hemofiltration. Blood was obtained for measurement of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) at the start of hemofiltration and after 5 and 11 hours of treatment.
        
        
          Results and discussion
          IL-6 levels increased only in the sham-treated animals (20.4 ± 11.3 at baseline to 62.3 ± 16.8 pg/ml at 11 hours, P = 0.03) (differences between groups 1 and 2, P = 0.015, and groups 1 and 3, P = 0.028). TNF levels were highly variable but not significantly different among the three groups.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Hemofiltration-associated reductions in circulating IL-6 levels appear to be secondary to adsorption of mediators to the filter membrane. We do not know whether this is due to direct adsorption of IL-6 per se or to the absorption of other mediators with secondary downregulation of IL-6 production or release. In addition, we could not exclude an interaction between adsorption and hemofiltration.

Tags: cecal-ligation-puncture, hemofiltration-adsorption, il-6-levels, nih, septic-rats
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Priority setting for new technologies in medicine: A transdisciplinary study

Background
          Decision makers in health care organizations struggle with how to set priorities for new technologies in medicine. Traditional approaches to priority setting for new technologies in medicine are insufficient and there is no widely accepted model that can guide decision makers.
        
        
          Discussion
          Daniels and Sabin have developed an ethically based account about how priority setting decisions should be made. We have developed an empirically based account of how priority setting decisions are made. In this paper, we integrate these two accounts into a transdisciplinary model of priority setting for new technologies in medicine that is both ethically and empirically based.
        
        
          Summary
          We have developed a transdisciplinary model of priority setting that provides guidance to decision makers that they can operationalize to help address priority setting problems in their institution.

Tags: healthcare-prioritization, medical-innovation, nih, resource-allocation, technology-assessment
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 528537: Hexadecane, 7-hexyl

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 7-hexylhexadecane. Molecular Formula: C22H46. Molecular Weight: 310.6. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2023 National Substance Use And Mental Health Services Survey (N-SUMHSS) State Profiles

The state profiles present findings from the annual National Substance Use and Mental Health Services Survey (N-SUMHSS). Each state profile provides summary information on substance use and mental health treatment facilities’ characteristics, services offered, client numbers and a mapping of treatment facility locations within the state.

Tags: behavioral-health, mental-health-services, samhsa, substance-use-treatment, treatment-facility-data
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
The effects of IgM-enriched immunoglobulin preparations in patients with severe sepsis [ISRCTN28863830]

Introduction
          In this prospective, randomized controlled study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of IgM-enriched immunoglobulin treatment on progression of organ failure and septic shock in patients with severe sepsis.
        
        
          Materials and methods
          Forty-two patients with severe sepsis were enrolled in the study. Patients in the study group (n = 21) received an intravenous immunoglobulin preparation (Pentaglobin®) in addition to standard therapy. Pentaglobin® therapy was commenced on the day of diagnosis of severe sepsis: 5 ml/kg per day Pentaglobin® (38 g/l IgG, 6 g/l IgM, and 6 g/l IgA) was infused over 6 hours and repeated for 3 consecutive days. Patients in the control group (n = 18) received standard sepsis therapy, but no immunoglobulin administration. Blood samples for procalcitonin (PCT) measurements were taken daily for 8 days. Severity of critical illness and development of organ failure were assessed by obtaining daily acute physiological and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores.
        
        
          Results and discussion
          Procalcitonin levels showed a statistically significant decrease in the Pentaglobin® group (P < 0.001); however, an improvement in SOFA scores could not be demonstrated. Procalcitonin levels and SOFA scores did not change significantly in the control group. Septic shock incidence (38% versus 57%) and 28-day mortality rate (23.8% versus 33.3%) were found to be similar between the Pentaglobin® and control groups. The evaluation of serial APACHE II scores did not demonstrate a difference between Pentaglobin® and control groups either.
        
        
          Conclusion
          Present data could not demonstrate any beneficial effects of polyclonal immunoglobulin preparation Pentaglobin® on organ morbidity, septic shock incidence and mortality rate in patients with severe sepsis.

Tags: igm-immunoglobulin, nih, organ-failure, septic-shock, severe-sepsis
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 528518: Hexadecane, 4-undecyl

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 12-propyltetracosane. Molecular Formula: C27H56. Molecular Weight: 380.7. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Compound 525428: 2,2-Bis(methylthio)propane

Chemical compound data from PubChem database. IUPAC Name: 2,2-bis(methylsulfanyl)propane. Molecular Formula: C5H12S2. Molecular Weight: 136.3. This dataset contains comprehensive chemical information including structural data, physical properties, and biological activities. Useful for drug discovery, chemical research, and educational purposes.

Tags: chemistry, compound, pubchem, research, science
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Estrogen-Astrocyte interactions: Implications for neuroprotection

Background
          Recent work has suggested that the ovarian steroid 17β-estradiol, at physiological concentrations, may exert protective effects in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and acute ischemic stroke. While physiological concentrations of estrogen have consistently been shown to be protective in vivo, direct protection upon purified neurons is controversial, with many investigators unable to show a direct protection in highly purified primary neuronal cultures. These findings suggest that while direct protection may occur in some instances, an alternative or parallel pathway for protection may exist which could involve another cell type in the brain.
        
        
          Presentation of the Hypothesis
          A hypothetical indirect protective mechanism is proposed whereby physiological levels of estrogen stimulate the release of astrocyte-derived neuroprotective factors, which aid in the protection of neurons from cell death. This hypothesis is attractive as it provides a potential mechanism for protection of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative neurons through an astrocyte intermediate. It is envisioned that the indirect pathway could act in concert with the direct pathway to achieve a more widespread global protection of both ER+ and ER- neurons.
        
        
          Testing the hypothesis
          We hypothesize that targeted deletion of estrogen receptors in astrocytes will significantly attenuate the neuroprotective effects of estrogen.
        
        
          Implications of the hypothesis
          If true, the hypothesis would significantly advance our understanding of endocrine-glia-neuron interactions. It may also help explain, at least in part, the reported beneficial effects of estrogen in neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, it also sets the stage for potential extension of the hypothetical mechanism to other important estrogen actions in the brain such as neurotropism, neurosecretion, and synaptic plasticity.

Tags: astrocyte-interactions, estrogen-neuroprotection, hormone-therapy, neurodegenerative-diseases, nih
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Behavioral Health Barometer: HHS Region VI, 2014

This is a behavioral health report for HHS Region VI of the United States and utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment (N-SSATS), collected annually. The topics addressed in the reports include youth substance use, youth mental health and treatment, adult mental health, substance use and substance use treatment.

Tags: behavioral-health, hhs-region-vi, mental-health, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
South (S)

This report presents estimates for measures of substance use and mental health based on the combined 2010 and 2011 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). Topics covered include past month substance use (e.g., illicit drugs, marijuana, cocaine, pain relievers, alcohol, tobacco), substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need, past year serious mental illness (SMI), any mental illness (AMI), suicidal thoughts, and major depressive episode (MDE). Resuts are provided for the south (e.g., combines Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia) for five age groups: 12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 or older, 18 or older and all persons 12 or older.

Tags: mental-health, nsduh-data, regional-data, samhsa, substance-use
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
PII Approach

PII is distinguished by its integration of implementation science and rigorous evaluation, known as the PII Approach. This approach supports the implementation of an intervention, as planned, and the use of data-informed decision-making in preparation for undergoing a rigorous evaluation.

Metadata-only record linking to the original dataset. Open original dataset below.

Tags: assessment, data, intervention, policy, scope
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Th2 cytokines and asthma — Interleukin-9 as a therapeutic target for asthma

Asthma is a complex heritable inflammatory disorder of the airways in which the development of clinical disease depends on environmental exposure. It has been well established that T helper type 2 (TH2) lymphocytes and their cytokines have an important role in allergic asthma. Interleukin (IL)-9, a member of the TH2 cytokine family, has recently been implicated as an essential factor in determining mucosal immunity and susceptibility to atopic asthma. In this review we examine the critical experiments and observations that support this hypothesis. We also discuss these results in comparison with the experiments supporting the involvement of other TH2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13.

Tags: allergic-asthma, asthma-pathogenesis, interleukin-9, nih, th2-cytokines
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Speciation and phylogeography in the cosmopolitan marine moon jelly,

Background
          The cosmopolitan moon jelly Aurelia is characterized by high degrees of morphological and ecological plasticity, and subsequently by an unclear taxonomic status. The latter has been revised repeatedly over the last century, dividing the genus Aurelia in as many as 12 or as little as two species. We used molecular data and phenotypic traits to unravel speciation processes and phylogeographic patterns in Aurelia.
        
        
          Results
          Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data (16S and ITS-1/5.8S rDNA) from 66 world-wide sampled specimens reveal star-like tree topologies, unambiguously differentiating 7 (mtDNA) and 8 (ncDNA) genetic entities with sequence divergences ranging from 7.8 to 14% (mtDNA) and 5 to 32% (ncDNA), respectively. Phylogenetic patterns strongly suggest historic speciation events and the reconstruction of at least 7 different species within Aurelia. Both genetic divergences and life history traits showed associations to environmental factors, suggesting ecological differentiation forced by divergent selection. Hybridization and introgression between Aurelia lineages likely occurred due to secondary contacts, which, however, did not disrupt the unambiguousness of genetic separation.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Our findings recommend Aurelia as a model system for using the combined power of organismic, ecological, and molecular data to unravel speciation processes in cosmopolitan marine organisms.

Tags: aurelia-speciation, marine-invertebrates, moon-jelly, nih, phylogeography
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Do published guidelines for evaluation of Irritable Bowel Syndrome reflect practice?

Background
          The only US guidelines listed in the National Guideline Warehouse for the diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) are the expert opinion guidelines published by The American Gastroenterology Association. Although the listed target audience of these guidelines includes family physicians and general internists, the care recommended in the guidelines has not been compared to actual primary care practice. This study was designed to compare expert opinion guidelines with the actual primary care provided and to assess outcomes in the 3 years following the IBS diagnosis.
        
        
          Methods
          This is a retrospective medical record review study using a random sample of incident IBS cases from all Olmsted County, Minnesota providers diagnosed between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 1995. Data was collected on all care and testing provided to the subjects as well as 3-year outcomes related to the IBS diagnosis.
        
        
          Results
          Of the 149 IBS patients, 99 were women and the mean age was 47.6 years. No patient had all of the diagnostic tests recommended in the guidelines. 42% had the basic blood tests of CBC and a chemistry panel. Sedimentation rate (2%) and serum thyroxine level (3%) were uncommon. Colon imaging studies were done in 41% including 74% of those over the age of 50. In the 3 years following the diagnosis, only one person had a change in diagnosis and no diagnoses of gastro-intestinal malignancies were made in the cohort.
        
        
          Conclusions
          Primary care practice based diagnostic evaluations for IBS differ significantly from the specialty expert opinion-based guidelines. Implementation of the specialty guidelines in primary care practice would increase utilization with apparent limited improvement in diagnostic outcomes.

Tags: diagnosis-outcomes, irritable-bowel-syndrome, medical-record-review, nih, primary-care-practice
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
2012 State Profile - Virgin Islands

This is a National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) annual report showing the state profile for Virgin Islands in 2012. N-SSATS is designed to collect data on the location, characteristics, and use of alcohol and drug abuse treatment facilities and services throughout the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and other U.S. jurisdictions.

Tags: n-ssats, samhsa, substance-abuse-treatment, survey, virgin-islands
Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services