AndreaBozzo/ceres-open-data-index huggingface dataset:
GeoDAWN Northwestern Elko County Nevada EarthMRI Data

This submission includes both the original product resolution (OPR) and LiDAR point cloud (LPC) LiDAR data collected as part of GeoDAWN: Geoscience Data Acquisition for Northwestern Elko County, Nevada.

The USGS Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (EarthMRI) and USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP), Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office, Natural Resources Conservation Services, and Bureau of Land Management have partnered to conduct airborne geophysical and 3DEP lidar surveys over parts of Nevada and California to collect information on undiscovered geothermal, critical mineral, and groundwater resources in the western Great Basin and the Walker Lane region.

Tags: 3dep, earthmri, elko, energy, exploration, geodawn, geospatial-data, geothermal, geotiff, great-basin, groundwater, laz, lidar, lpc, mapping, nevada, opr, point-cloud, processed-data, raster-data, remote-sensing, tiff, walker-lane
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: 2023 Induced Seismicity Mitigation Plan

This is the updated Utah FORGE Phase 3B induced seismicity mitigation plan (ISMP) covering the general Utah FORGE area.  This new version incorporates newly collected seismic data, including data collected during the 2022 stimulation and a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA).  The report includes descriptions of seismic hazards, seismic risks, plans for seismic monitoring and mitigation, and plans for communicating with stakeholders and the public.  


Tags: earthquakes, egs, energy, faults, geophysics, geothermal, hazard, induced-seismicity, outreach, risk, seismic, seismic-hazard-assesment, seismic-hazards, seismic-mitigation, seismic-mitigation-plan, seismic-monitoring, seismicity, utah-forge
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: 2023 Phase 3B Year 1 Annual Report

This report discusses the objectives, goals, accomplishments and results of Phase 3B Year 1 of the Utah FORGE project. The report includes infrastructure, seismic monitoring, modelling, external R&D, communications and outreach, data produced, lessons learned, conclusions, and planned activities. Phase 3B Year 1 site activities focused on the stimulation of well 16A(78)-32, seismic monitoring, and data analysis. The ultimate objective of Utah FORGE remains to demonstrate the viability of Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) energy development.

Tags: annual-report, communications, data, egs, energy, forge-reports, geophysics, geothermal, infrastructure, injection, magnetotelluric, microseismic, milford, modelling, mt, outreach, phase-3b, plans, rd, resource-development, seismic-monitoring, site-operations, stimulation, technology-development, tracer, utah-forge
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Slide-Hold-Slide Experiments on Gneiss at Increased Temperature

Included are data from triaxial, single-inclined-fracture friction experiments.  The experiments were performed with slide-hold-slide protocol on Utah FORGE gneiss at increased temperature. With a ~10 MPa normal stress, temperatures vary between experiments from room temperature up to 163 Celsius. Hold times vary during experiment from ~10^1 to ~10^5 seconds. Measured are the frictional response upon reactivation after a hold period, active acoustic data (P-wave velocity and amplitude) and passive acoustic data (acoustic emission occurrence and amplitude).

There are two types of datafiles: (1) Datafiles containing the friction data, including the temperature and the active acoustic data measured during the experiment (AEXX_Gneiss_Vp_mixref4). The underscore _Vp means that it includes the Vp or P-wave velocity data, with _mixref meaning that we use a mixed reference point for calculating the P-wave velocity. And (2) the datafiles containing the passive acoustics data, a catalog of the acoustic emissions (AE's) measured during the experiment (AEcatalog_AEXX_runX), where AEXX matches the experiment number and runX denotes which part of the experiment the data was collected, matching the times where active acoustic data was collected. AE catalogs are split in two parts when the file size exceeds 1 GB to aid download/opening times. 

Tags: acoustic-data, acoustic-emission, active-acoustic, egs, energy, fracture, friction, friction-data, geophysics, geothermal, gneiss, passive-acoustic, reactivation, single-inclined-fracture, slide-hold-slide, utah-forge, velocity-data
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Powder X-ray Diffraction Data from Well 16A(78)-32 Core

This dataset from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) consists of four raw X-ray diffraction (XRD) scans and preliminary results of quantitative XRD analysis. The scanned samples were prepared from four subcores, which came from various depths of the FORGE well 16A(78)-32 core. Desired core lengths were selected from available core photos (on GDR), provided by FORGE personnel, and subcored at LLNL. The XRD scans were collected in May 2023 at LLNL as pre-experimental characterization data for these subcores, which will be used in core-flooding experiments at LLNL and in triaxial direct shear experiments at Los Alamos National Laboratory as part of DOE Project 5-2428.

XRD scans are in RAW file format (e.g., FORGE-5477-full.raw) and are suitable for viewing and analysis using open-source quantitative XRD software (e.g., Profex; www.profex-xrd.org ) and/or other proprietary instrument software. 


Tags: 16a78-32, 16a78-32-xrd, core, core-x-ray-diffraction, core-xrd, egs, energy, forge, geochemistry, geology, geothermal, lawrence-livermore-national-laboratory, llnl, raw-data, utah-forge, utah-geothermal, well-16a78-32, well-core-studies, x-ray-diffraction, xrd
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Fault Reactivation Through Fluid Injection Induced Seismicity Laboratory Experiments

Included are results from shear reactivation experiments on laboratory faults pre-loaded close to failure and reactivated by the injection of fluid into the fault. The sample comprises a single-inclined-fracture (SIF) transecting a cylindrical sample of Westerly granite.

All experiments are conducted at ambient temperature and follow a similar protocol: (i) application of confining stresses (3MPa) on the fault fully saturated with DI water, (ii) shear-mobilization through the increase of axial loading at a constant displacement rate until a post-peak steady-state condition is reached, (iii) reduction of axial loading and related shear stress to a prescribed fraction of the peak steady-state frictional strength (typically 60% to 90%, representing intermediate to high magnitudes) and (iv), fault reactivation triggered by a stepwise increase of pore pressure on the fault in 0.1 MPa increments held constant for 1-5 minutes.

Mechanical data from three ISCO pumps connected to a Temco pressure vessel measure axial, confining, and fault-related parameters, including fluid pressure (kPa), fluid flow rate (mL/min), and axial displacement (mm). See included code for initial data analysis and visualization for select experiments.  Resource names represent experiment numbers found in the "Read Me" file, which describes each experimental setup and parameters.

Tags: code, egs, energy, fault-activation, flow-rate, fluid, induced-seismicity, injection-test, matlab, pressure, raw-data, reactivation, shear, utah-forge, westerly-granite
Organization: Department of Energy
PoroTomo: Horizontal Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Measurements During an M 2.3 Explosion

Included here are Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data collected by the horizontal DAS array at Brady's Hot Springs Geothermal Field. The system recorded this data during an M 2.3 explosion at the Nevada Test Site (NTS), which is located approximately 400km southeast of the field. On December 19, 2018, a Silixa iDAS interrogator continuously acquired data on single-mode fibers, starting approximately two hours prior to the detonation and extending until 15 minutes after the event. This dataset comprises separate SEG-Y files that span the entire recording interval.

The measurement fiber was part of the PoroTomo experiment and is horizontally emplaced in alluvial fan gravels at a depth of approximately one meter for a distance of more than 2.5 km in a zig-zag pattern. Exact coordinates of this DAS surface array are provided in the attached GDR dataset below. The iDAS interrogator channel spacing is 1.021 m and gauge length is 10 m. Concurrent Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) measurements made with a Silixa XT on the multi-mode fibers aided in calibrating the DAS measurements.  

Tags: bradys-hot-springs, das, das-data, distributed-acoustic-sensing, distributed-temperature-sensing, dts, energy, geophysics, geothermal, hole, hydrologic, hydrothermal, mechanical, modeling, observation, physics, porotomo, raw-data, seg-y, seismic, seismicity, sgy, spatial, stress, surface-sensors, system, temporal, thermal, trenched, water, wholescale
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Well 16B(78)-32 Drilling Data

This drilling data for Utah FORGE well 16B(78)-32 include a well survey, core summary, mud and mud temperature logs, daily reports of the drilling process, and additional data from the Pason oil and gas company.  Well 16B(78)-32 serves as the production well for reservoir creation, fluid circulation, and demonstration of heat extraction for the FORGE project.  It has been drilled as a doublet approximately 300 feet parallel to and above the injection well 16A(78)-32. The proposed total depth was 10,658 feet, which was exceeded. Spudding began on April 26th, 2023. As of June 20th, 2023, the total depth measured 10,947 feet and the vertical depth measured 8,357 feet.

Drilling included the trial use of insulated drill pipe (IDP) from Eavor Technologies, which was considered a success. IDP restricts counter-current heat transfer between drilling fluid inside the drill string and hotter returning fluid in the annulus, thereby ensuring the bottomhole assembly (BHA) remains submerged in cool fluid. Eavor rented 350 joints of IDP to FORGE which were run in two consecutive BHAs at the well.  The results of this trial are included here.

Tags: core, core-drilling, core-summary, daily-reports, drilling-data, eavor, energy, geology, geothermal, insulated-drill-pipe, insulated-drill-pipe-test, lithology, mud-logs, mud-temperature, mud-temperature-logs, pason, pason-data, utah-forge, utah-forge-drilling, utah-forge-drilling-data, utah-geothermal, well-16b78-32, well-16b78-32-daily-reports, well-16b78-32-drilling, well-16b78-32-drilling-data, well-16b78-32-drilling-logs, well-16b78-32-logs, well-16b78-32-survey
Organization: Department of Energy
DEEPEN 3D PFA Index Models for Exploration Datasets at Newberry Volcano

DEEPEN stands for DE-risking Exploration of geothermal Plays in magmatic ENvironments.

As part of the development of the DEEPEN 3D play fairway analysis (PFA) methodology for magmatic plays (conventional hydrothermal, superhot EGS, and supercritical), index models needed to be developed to map values in geoscientific exploration datasets to favorability index values. This GDR submission includes those index models.

Index models were created by binning values in exploration datasets into chunks based on their favorability, and then applying a number between 0 and 5 to each chunk, where 0 represents very unfavorable data values and 5 represents very favorable data values. To account for differences in how exploration methods are used to detect each play component, separate index models are produced for each exploration method for each component of each play type. 

Index models were created using histograms of the distributions of each exploration dataset in combination with literature and input from experts about what combinations of geophysical, geological, and geochemical signatures are considered favorable at Newberry. This is in attempt to create similar sized bins based on the current understanding of how different anomalies map to favorable areas for the different types of geothermal plays (i.e., conventional hydrothermal, superhot EGS, and supercritical). For example, an area of partial melt would likely appear as an area of low density, high conductivity, low vp, and high vp/vs. This means that these target anomalies would be given high (4 or 5) index values for the purpose of imaging the heat source. To account for differences in how exploration methods are used to detect each play component, separate index models are produced for each exploration method for each component of each play type.

Index models were produced for the following datasets:
 - Geologic model
 - Alteration model
 - vp/vs
 - vp
 - vs
 - Temperature model
 - Seismicity (density*magnitude)
 - Density
 - Resistivity
 - Fault distance
 - Earthquake cutoff depth model


Tags: characterization, deepen, energy, exploration, favorability, geothermal, hydrothermal, index-models, magmatic, newberry, pfa, supercritical, superhot, superhot-egs
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Orientation of Borehole and Surface Seismic Stations

The University of Utah Seismograph Stations (UUSS) are responsible for the seismic monitoring of the experiments and have installed a series of permanent surface and borehole seismic instruments around the Utah FORGE project site. This report discusses the methods used for proper shallow borehole and posthole and station alignment.

Tags: energy, geothermal, seismic, seismic-monitoring, seismic-station-alignment, seismic-station-orientation, seismic-station-report, seismic-stations, seismicity-monitoring, utah-forge
Organization: Department of Energy
Devices Suitable for Sectional Isolation Along Both Cased and Open-hole Wellbores - Geomechanical Packer Formation Model Iteraction

The main goal of this project is to develop an annular isolation system capable to withstand geothermal downhole conditions and mitigate the problems experienced by conventional packers in FORGE wells. This presentation outlines the work in rock modelling and interaction with the annular barrier, as part of the project management and planning phase of the project. More specifically, the lab-scale testing of the scaled annular barrier in rock blocks, as well as modelling and analysis of packer/rock interactions. This presentation focuses on the results of computing stress distribution on the wellbore wall (or casing) and the packer stress and deformation caused by applying high pressure in the interior of the packer.


Tags: assessment, casing, drilling, egs, energy, forge, geothermal, stimulation, technical, wellbore
Organization: Department of Energy
Devices Suitable for Sectional Isolation Along Both Cased and Open-hole Wellbores - Pipe Preparation Report

The main goal of this project is to develop an annular isolation system capable to withstand geothermal downhole conditions and mitigate the problems experienced by conventional packers in FORGE wells. This pipe preparation report is based on the test pipe that was procured and prepared to perform the full scale test of the geothermal annular barriers that were developed in the project, and takes place in the small-scale experiments phase of the project.

Tags: assessment, casing, drilling, egs, energy, forge, geothermal, stimulation, technical, wellbore
Organization: Department of Energy
Imperial Valley Dark Fiber Project Continuous DAS Data

The Imperial Valley Dark Fiber Project acquired Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) seismic data on a ~28 km segment of dark fiber between the cities of Calipatria and Imperial in the Imperial Valley, Southern California. Dark fiber refers to unused optical fiber cables in telecommunications networks and is repurposed in this project for DAS applications. The objective, which is further detailed in the attached journal article from Ajo-Franklin et al., is to demonstrate dark fiber DAS as a tool for basin-scale geothermal exploration and monitoring. The included DAS data were recorded during two days at the beginning the project. Data is stored in the .h5 (HDF5) file format, readable using various software tools, including the 'h5read' and 'h5info' functions in Matlab. Provided here are examples of methods to read and use the data with the 'h5py' package in Python.

Tags: brawley, dark-fiber, dark-fiber-das, das, distributed-acoustic-sensing, earthquakes, energy, fiber-optic, geophysics, geothermal, geothermal-exploration, h5py, hdf5, hidden-geothermal-resources, imperial-valley, jupyter-notebook, python, raw-data, salton-sea, seismic-data, seismic-noise, seismicity, southern-california, strain-rate, tectonics, telecommunications-fiber
Organization: Department of Energy
Publications and Datasets from Play-Fairway Retrospective Analysis with Emphasis on Developing Improved Hydrothermal Energy Assessments

Previous moderate- and high-temperature geothermal resource assessments of the western United States utilized data-driven methods and expert decisions to estimate resource favorability. Although expert decisions can add confidence to the modeling process by ensuring reasonable models are employed, expert decisions also introduce human and, thereby, model bias. This bias can present a source of error that reduces the predictive performance of the models and confidence in the resulting resource estimates.

This study aims to develop robust data-driven methods with the goals of reducing bias and improving predictive ability. This submission includes a list of papers, data releases, and presentations produced as part of this work.

Tags: bias-reduction, characterization, data-driven, egs, energy, energy-assessment, favorability, geoscience, geothermal, hydrothermal, low-temp, machine-learning, mapping, pfa, processed-data, resource, resource-assessment, retrospective, western-us
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Development of a Reservoir Seismic Velocity Model and Seismic Resolution Study

This is data from and a final report on the development of a 3D velocity model for the larger FORGE area and on the seismic resolution in the stimulated fracture volume at the bottom of well 16A-32. The velocity model was developed using RMS velocities of the seismic reflection survey and seismic velocity logs from borehole measurements as an input model. To improve the accuracy of the model in the shallow subsurface, travel times phase arrivals of the direct propagating P-waves were determined from the seismic reflection data, using PhaseNet, a deep-neural-network-based seismic arrival time picking method. The travel times were subsequently inverted using the input velocity model. The seismic resolution study used borehole and surface seismic sensors as well as the seismicity observed during the April 2022 stimulation experiment to estimate the seismic resolution in the activated fracture reservoir.

The data contain a 3D P- and S-wave velocity model for the larger FORGE area.

Tags: 3d-p-wave, 3d-s-wave, energy, geothermal, processed-data, raw-data, seismic, seismic-resolution, seismic-velocity-model, utah-forge, well-16a-32
Organization: Department of Energy
EGS Collab Experiment 2: Earth Model Datasets

The EGS Collab Project performed a series of tests to increase the understanding the response of crystalline rock mass to stimulations and fluid circulation to efficiently implement enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) technologies. The EGS Collab team created two underground testbeds at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead SD at a depth of approximately 1.5 km (4850 level) and 1.25 km (4100 level) to examine hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic shearing, respectively. Experiment 2 was designed to examine hydraulic shearing and fluid flow in testbed 2 in amphibolite under a controlled set of stress and fracture conditions. This document summarizes the general geology, natural fractures, and conceptual model(s) of stimulated fracture networks in the testbed 2. The dataset package included here are input and output products associated with Earth Models for the EGS Collab Testbed 2. The earth model datasets are included in the whole package (project) in Leapfrog file format. Also, datasets are given in primary input file format (csv).

Tags: collab, conceptual-model, egs, egs-collab, energy, geology, geothermal, lead, processed-data, raw-data, sanford-underground-research-facility, south-dakota, surf
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: 2022 Well Stimulation Seismicity Data Including SeGY Data

This is a link to the Utah FORGE seismic data distribution site hosted by the University of Utah Seismograph Stations. The data was collected from downhole geophone strings in wells 56-32, 58-32 and 78B-32 during the 2022 stimulation of well 16A(78)-32. This dataset, which was updated in April 2023, now contains SeGY formatted data.

Tags: 16a78-32-stimulation-seismic-data, energy, geophone-data, geothermal, processed-data, raw-data, segy-data, seismicity, sgy-data, stimulation, utah-forge, well-16a78-32, well-56-32, well-56-32-geophones, well-58-32, well-58-32-geophones, well-78b-32, well-78b-32-geophones, well-stimulation-seismic-data
Organization: Department of Energy
Utah FORGE: Laboratory Experiments Examining the Effect of Thermal and Mechanical Processes on Hydraulic Transmissivity Evolution

Using laboratory slide-hold-slide experiments, at temperatures from 22 to 200 degrees C, to examine effects of fracture reactivation and quasi-static loading on the evolution of fluid transport properties of simulated fractures in Westerly granite. At all temperatures, the in-plane hydraulic transmissivity consistently decays during hold periods resulting in an overall reduction in transmissivity. During the first three to fifteen hours of an experiment, transmissivity decreases rapidly due to the generation of wear products, development of a sliding surface, and compaction of the resulting gouge. Once the sliding surface has developed, the long-term transmissivity decay rate at 22 and 100 degrees C is significantly lower than the transmissivity decay rate during the initial 3-15 hours of the experiment. However, at 200 degrees C, the decay of hydraulic transmissivity remains high throughout the experiment. The long-term decay of hydraulic transmissivity can be fitted with a power law model with more rapid reduction of hydraulic transmissivity at higher temperature. Periods of sliding on the fracture surface result in transient increases in the transmissivity, due to shear dilation, as is expected for Coulomb materials. These transients are superimposed on the long-term decay. When sliding ceases and a new hold period commences, there is a rapid reduction in transmissivity and return to the long-term rate of transmissivity decay. The rate of decay of the transmissivity transients is inversely correlated with temperature, in contrast to the long-term decay and the expected behavior for processes like subcritical crack growth and indentation creep. The higher decay rates that are observed during the initial 3-15 hours of the tests and following sliding, are associated with times that the porosity of the gouge is expected to be high. The difference in decay rates suggests that when the gouge is driven far from equilibrium by active shearing, densification may be dominated by a different mechanism from long-term compaction.

Tags: energy, fluid-rock-interactions, geothermal, granite, hydraulic-transmissivity, sealing, shear-fractures, utah-forge
Organization: Department of Energy